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Surgical Options
There are three types of surgery that can
alter both the affected structures and the
movement of the patella: block osteotomy
or trochlear modification, lateral
imbrication, and tibial crest transposition.
The type of surgery or combination
methods performed depends on the
individual case’s cause and severity and the
veterinarian.
During block osteotomy or trochlear
modification, the trochlear groove may be
surgically deepened to better contain the
knee cap. This preserves the cartilage block
that the patella rides on and creates a equal
depth of the groove to prevent further
dislocation. During lateral imbrication, the
patella itself may be “tied down” laterally
(on the outside) to prevent it from
deviating medially (toward the inside).
If the attachment of the patellar ligament
to the tibia, called the tibial crest, is in the
wrong position, it is repositioned in a tibial
crest transposition. This is done by
creating a cut in the tibial crest and
reattaching the bone in a position so that
the patella is realigned within the trochlear
groove. This transposition allows the
tendons to be attached in a more
lateral position.
There is a 90% success rate with surgical
correction. The dog usually is actively using
their limb well 2 to 3 months after surgery.
Exercise must be restricted for 8 weeks
after the surgery or breakdown of the
repair may occur. Surgery will not remove
the arthritis that may be present in the
knee and there maybe some stiffness of
the limb or some lameness after heavy
exercise.
Due to the complications of surgery on
elderly dogs, those with level 3 and 4 LP
in their senior years usually have the
condition managed with Prednisone.
Great strides have been made in the
medical management of LP with
hydrotherapy which has proven to be a
beneficial treatment for low grade LP.
Breeding and Culling
The smaller the parts, the more likely and
easily are problems to happen. It is fact
and reality that must be faced in all Toy
breeds. As our society is not generally
agrarian, or on a large scale, dependant
on horses for locomotion, breeders of
the day often tend to lack a true working
knowledge of the science of dog building.
It is a natural evolution of society and its
needs. On the other hand, the artistry of
the breed has blossomed as exhibited by
the elegance that the breed has become
know for. However, the two
contradictions have created a modern
day dilemma. Breeders are breeding for
aesthetics unknowingly without taking
into consideration the structural needs
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