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Surgical Options There are three types of surgery that can alter both the affected structures and the movement of the patella: block osteotomy or trochlear modification, lateral imbrication, and tibial crest transposition. The type of surgery or combination methods performed depends on the individual case’s cause and severity and the veterinarian. During block osteotomy or trochlear modification, the trochlear groove may be surgically deepened to better contain the knee cap. This preserves the cartilage block that the patella rides on and creates a equal depth of the groove to prevent further dislocation. During lateral imbrication, the patella itself may be “tied down” laterally (on the outside) to prevent it from deviating medially (toward the inside). If the attachment of the patellar ligament to the tibia, called the tibial crest, is in the wrong position, it is repositioned in a tibial crest transposition. This is done by creating a cut in the tibial crest and reattaching the bone in a position so that the patella is realigned within the trochlear groove. This transposition allows the tendons to be attached in a more lateral position. There is a 90% success rate with surgical correction. The dog usually is actively using their limb well 2 to 3 months after surgery. Exercise must be restricted for 8 weeks after the surgery or breakdown of the repair may occur. Surgery will not remove the arthritis that may be present in the knee and there maybe some stiffness of the limb or some lameness after heavy exercise. Due to the complications of surgery on elderly dogs, those with level 3 and 4 LP in their senior years usually have the condition managed with Prednisone. Great strides have been made in the medical management of LP with hydrotherapy which has proven to be a beneficial treatment for low grade LP. Breeding and Culling The smaller the parts, the more likely and easily are problems to happen. It is fact and reality that must be faced in all Toy breeds. As our society is not generally agrarian, or on a large scale, dependant on horses for locomotion, breeders of the day often tend to lack a true working knowledge of the science of dog building. It is a natural evolution of society and its needs. On the other hand, the artistry of the breed has blossomed as exhibited by the elegance that the breed has become know for. However, the two contradictions have created a modern day dilemma. Breeders are breeding for aesthetics unknowingly without taking into consideration the structural needs E Yorkshire Terriers | www.eyorkshireterriers.com
that truly make the dog beautiful. Dogs are being bred to perform where they are currently used, the show ring, instead of being bred to fill the role the breed was designed for. As a result, the breeds’ shortening of the rear assembly by such choice selection has left many dogs in the breed currently affected with the disease and as such, passing it on to their progeny. Along with other rear issues such as slipped and sickle hocks, Legg-Calve Perthes, Hip dysplasia, and gay tails. There are many complaints on egg beater fronts and wash boarding. The question posed becomes; why worry when the rear can’t keep up to begin with? The culling of litters with such issues is at a priority in the breed. And by culling, it is meant the removal from the breeding program, ie. spay or neuter and placement in a pet home. Culling is the selection of removal from the group for negative attributes. Testing for the disease is a simple matter of experiences vet hands or if more comfortable, a sedation x-ray in combination with hip and legg-calve evaluation. Not every dog shown will be a breeder. Not every breeder will be a champion. The key is to find the balance of the two while preserving the integrity of the breed so as not to let its structural foundation fall to the wayside. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxating_patella http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_hydrotherapy http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=2186 http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=2448 http://www.vetsurgerycentral.com/patella.htm E Yorkshire Terriers | www.eyorkshireterriers.com
Page 1 and 2: E Yorkshire Terriers Volume 2 A Bi
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