Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad - Sakai

Chapter 1
DILEMMA
Figure 1-8. Complementary effects.
1-103. A dilemma is a situation in which the enemy is presented with two or more equally bad
alternatives. A problem is a situation in which the enemy is presented with only one bad alternative.
Creative combinations allow the leader to create a dilemma for the enemy. When presented with a
dilemma, an enemy has two reactions. The first reaction is not knowing what to do as he attempts to decide
between equally bad options. This effect is commonly termed “fixed.” When the enemy is fixed, the leader
benefits from freedom of action. The second reaction is to simply choose one of the two equally bad
options. Because the enemy’s choice is an option in which the friendly force has the upper hand, the leader
is able to exploit the enemy’s decision.
1-104. Taking a single-tracked approach can lead to poor or unsuccessful results. Relying on one weapon
type, on a single unit type, or a single tactical function does not present the enemy with a dilemma. Without
a complementary effect, the enemy is exposed to a problem that can be resolved with a likely solution.
Even if applied in rapid succession (sequentially), the enemy only needs to escape the problem at hand.
Without a second or third stressor to impair his ability to make good decisions, the enemy is able to react
and stay in the fight.
REINFORCING EFFECTS
1-105. Leaders create reinforcing effects when they combine the effect of similar capabilities (Figure 1­
9). An example is a team leader reinforcing the effects of his squad automatic weapon with the fires of his
rifleman. Leaders do this by either employing the elements simultaneously or sequentially to achieve
focused, overwhelming effects at a single point. Simultaneous employment augments the effects of one
element with that of another. Sequential employment sustains the effect longer than if just one element was
used.
1-22 FM 3-21.8 28 March 2007