How the Mind Works - michaeljgoodnight.com

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_d CONTENTS Preface ix J Standard Equipment 3 2 Thinking Machines 59 3 Revenge of the Nerds 149 4 The Mind's Eye 211 5 Good Ideas 299 6 Hotheads 363 7 Family Values 425 8 The Meaning of Life 521 Notes 567 References 589 Index 629 Vll
PREFACE Any book called How the Mind Works had better begin on a note of humility, and I will begin with two. First, we don't understand how the mind works—not nearly as well as we understand how the body works, and certainly not well enough to design Utopia or to cure unhappiness. Then why the audacious title? The linguist Noam Chomsky once suggested that our ignorance can be divided into problems and mysteries. When we face a problem, we may not know its solution, but we have insight, increasing knowledge, and an inkling of what we are looking for. When we face a mystery, however, we can only stare in wonder and bewilderment, not knowing what an explanation would even look like. I wrote this book because dozens of mysteries of the mind, from mental images to romantic love, have recently been upgraded to problems (though there are still some mysteries, too!). Every idea in the book may turn out to be wrong, but that would be progress, because our old ideas were too vapid to be wrong. Second, J have not discovered what we do know about how the mind works. Few of the ideas in the pages to follow are mine. I have selected, from many disciplines, theories that strike me as offering a special insight into our thoughts and feelings, that fit the facts and predict new ones, and that are consistent in their content and in their style of explanation. My goal was to weave the ideas into a cohesive picture using two even bigger ideas that are not mine: the computational theory of mind and the theory of the natural selection of replicators. ix
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48 | HOW THE MIND WORKS reflect not
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50 1 HOW THE MIND WORKS duction and
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52 | HOW THE MIND WORKS nity ward,
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54 HOW THE MIND WORKS strual syndro
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56 | HOW THE MIND WORKS National La
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58 J HOW THE MIND WORKS vermin of b
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60 | HOW THE MIND WORKS for his los
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62 | HOW THE MIND WORKS fixed; whet
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64 | HOW THE MIND WORKS or scientis
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66 J HOW THE MIND WORKS effects. Wh
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68 J HOW THE MIND WORKS obeys mathe
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70 HOW THE MIND WORKS standing the
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72 HOW THE MIND WORKS answer these
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74 J HOW THE MIND WORKS Long-Term M
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76 HOW THE MIND WORKS mark identica
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78 | HOW THE MIND WORKS "images" ar
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80 HOW THE MIND WORKS You still mig
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82 | HOW THE MIND WORKS ognize alph
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84 HOW THE MIND WORKS neurons that
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86 HOW THE MIND WORKS Suppose it ta
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88 I HOW THE MIND WORKS have been a
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90 I HOW THE MIND WORKS to a much b
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92 | HOW THE MIND WORKS Simon's arg
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94 J HOW THE MIND WORKS Searle says
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96 | HOW THE MIND WORKS mate reply
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98 | HOW THE MIND WORKS The Emperor
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100 I HOW THE MIND WORKS incoming l
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102 HOW THE MIND WORKS vegetable bu
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104 J HOW THE MIND WORKS With this
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106 | HOW THE MIND WORKS because se
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108 J HOW THE MIND WORKS young, and
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110 I HOW THE MIND WORKS up its inp
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112 HOW THE MIND WORKS CONNECTOPLAS
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114 | HOW THE MIND WORKS ity. The d
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116 1 HOW THE MIND WORKS with an ex
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118 | HOW THE MIND WORKS reintroduc
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120 | HOW THE MIND WORKS just a ver
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122 I HOW THE MIND WORKS roles. The
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124 HOW THE MIND WORKS puters, afte
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126 HOW THE MIND WORKS I he human m
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128 HOW THE MIND WORKS matic." Thei
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130 I HOW THE MIND WORKS that makes
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132 I HOW THE MIND WORKS mind, even
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134 HOW THE MIND WORKS . . . Specia
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136 J HOW THE MIND WORKS by the del
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138 HOW THE MIND WORKS or you start
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140 HOW THE MIND WORKS The advantag
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142 HOW THE MIND WORKS around unglu
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144 J HOW THE MIND WORKS collection
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146 I HOW THE MIND WORKS • What i
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148 J HOW THE MIND WORKS behavior,
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150 HOW THE MIND WORKS GET SMART Th
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152 | HOW THE MIND WORKS could it b
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154 HOW THE MIND WORKS every imagin
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156 | HOW THE MIND WORKS food, or c
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158 HOW THE MIND WORKS has clear -
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160 | HOW THE MIND WORKS rummy hand
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162 HOW THE MIND WORKS machines, an
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164 J HOW THE MIND WORKS than its r
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166 J HOW THE MIND WORKS complex or
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168 J HOW THE MIND WORKS much honou
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170 J HOW THE MIND WORKS How can an
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172 [ HOW THE MIND WORKS "Subtle de
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174 HOW THE MIND WORKS And most imp
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176 | HOW THE MIND WORKS the point
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178 | HOW THE MIND WORKS have built
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180 J HOW THE MIND WORKS common vie
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182 J HOW THE MIND WORKS passes on
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184 I HOW THE MIND WORKS for unders
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186 J HOW THE MIND WORKS paradoxes
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188 1 HOW THE MIND WORKS J it is no
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190 J HOW THE MIND WORKS The hunter
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192 I HOW THE MIND WORKS walked a f
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194 | HOW THE MIND WORKS social, in
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196 J HOW THE MIND WORKS back as so
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198 | HOW THE MIND WORKS and were v
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200 HOW THE MIND WORKS Millions of
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202 I HOW THE MIND WORKS into a bas
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204 J HOW THE MIND WORKS tor said i
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206 HOW THE MIND WORKS The first cl
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208 | HOW THE MIND WORKS there was
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210 I HOW THE MIND WORKS cultural c
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212 | HOW THE MIND WORKS display ca
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214 J HOW THE MIND WORKS verbal min
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216 HOW THE MIND WORKS room, the re
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218 | HOW THE MIND WORKS and to com
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220 HOW THE MIND WORKS The late dis
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222 | HOW THE MIND WORKS The eyes a
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224 I HOW THE MIND WORKS concerting
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226 J HOW THE MIND WORKS Brewster a
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228 HOW THE MIND WORKS spot on one
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M/ 230 | HOW THE MIND WORKS the com
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232 HOW THE MIND WORKS repeat thems
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234 I HOW THE MIND WORKS David Marr
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hay of processors, one for each mat
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%Mind's Eye 1 237 pen vertically in
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The MinJ's Eye | 239 In monkeys it'
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The Mind's Eye | 241 precocious bab
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The Mind's Eye 243 left drawing, pa
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The Mind's Eye 245 lished a list of
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The Mind's Eye | 247 ing in color p
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The Mind's Eye | 249 the flesh and
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The Mini's Eye | 251 Finally, the f
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The Mind's Eye | 253 costs, where c
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The Mind's Eye 255 image, and it ju
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The Mind's Eye | 257 But now is the
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The Mind's Eye j 259 Is a nose an o
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The Mind's Eye 261 of forms with bl
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The Mind's Eye 263 text or graphics
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The Mind's Eye 265 "You're staying
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The Mind's Eye 267 The shape at the
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The Mind's Eye 269 But suppose that
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The Mind's Eye | 271 cylinder with
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The Mind's Eye 273 before the tests
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The Mind's Eye | 275 object doesn't
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The Mind's Eye 277 iment would ever
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The Mind's Eye 279 Now, Cooper and
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The Mind's Eye 281 D H D K h3 The s
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The Mind's Eye 283 once a second. T
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The Mind's Eye j 285 an ability to
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The Mind's Eye 287 One can even mak
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The Mind's Eye | 289 patients named
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The Mind's Eye | 291 this request:
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The Mind's Eye 293 If the mind stor
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The Mind's Eye | 295 Memory images
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The Mind's Eye | 297 what appears t
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5 GOOD IDEAS Ihope you have not mur
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Good Ideas | 301 Stephen Jay Gould,
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Good Ideas | 303 Experimenter: Flum
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Good Ideas 305 resulting laws to a
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Good Ideas 307 The other putative r
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Good Ideas | 309 Now we can explain
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Good Ideas 311 diverge so unevenly
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Good Ideas 313 If people form stere
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Good Ideas 315 of the world. There
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Good Ideas | 317 of persisting obje
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Good Ideas [319 behind the right ed
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Good Ideas 321 top, which leans wit
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Good Ideas 323 ways of knowing. Mos
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Good Ideas 325 new releases or clas
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Good Ideas | 327 different appearan
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Good Ideas 329 Graham Bell's biogra
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Good Ideas 331 knowledge, put thems
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Good Ideas 333 In another sense, of
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Good Ideas 335 both"—you get only
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Good Ideas 337 rule is a contract,
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Good Ideas 339 Human adults use sev
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Good Ideas 341 objects other than t
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Good Ideas 343 "I shall never belie
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Good Ideas 345 rules of thumb. One
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Good Ideas 347 tion designed to def
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Good Ideas | 349 circles in cornfie
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Good Ideas 351 give numbers to sing
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The messenger is in Istanbul. The m
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Good Ideas 355 The very same word,
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Good Ideas 357 Can I have any readi
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Good Ideas 359 mental categories li
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Good Ideas 361 The image came out o
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6 HOTHEADS On March 13, 1996, Thoma
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Hotheads 365 bodily distress. Spart
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Hotheads | 367 allows new coinages
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Hotheads | 369 the trivial rather t
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Hotheads 371 the Modern Mammalian B
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Hotheads | 373 apartment, I can for
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Hotheads | 375 places are inviting,
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Hotheads 377 The land itself must b
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Hotheads 379 but most people won't
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Hotheads | 381 the two laws of symp
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Hotheads | 383 thing they touch? It
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Hotheads 385 ruminants like sheep,
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Hotheads | 387 scrutiny, and of lea
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Hotheads | 389 so much as awaken it
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Hotheads | 391 our ancestors were n
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Hotheads 393 psychology of pleasure
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Hotheads 395 The political scientis
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Hotheads | 397 tude, make us want t
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Hotheads | 399 tattoo, having her n
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Hotheads | 401 safe. What is selfis
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Hotheads | 403 tions. An animal mus
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Hotheads 405 they may become public
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Hotheads 407 desire for a comfortab
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Hotheads j 409 The German-accented,
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Hotheads | 411 only when the threat
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Hotheads 413 tecture of the brain;
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Hotheads 415 the real ones, people
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Hotheads 417 FOOLS FOR LOVE Why doe
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Hotheads | 419 standing, the sneeri
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Hotheads 421 you didn't grieve when
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Hotheads | 423 But that's not right
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7 FAMILY VALUES Come on, people now
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Family Values 427 makeup. In fact t
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Family Values 429 deplore it. And p
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Family Values 431 descendants of sl
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Family Values 433 are relatively ha
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Family Values 435 nist is the ultim
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Family Values 437 a spouse for my c
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Family Values 439 For millennia, ki
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Family Values 441 the next generati
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Family Values 443 children. The mot
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Family Values 445 decision of wheth
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Family Values 447 (Effective birth
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Family Values 449 at random. The bi
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Family Values 451 The most pervasiv
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Family Values 453 grief correlates
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Family Values 455 that served them
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Family Values 457 tion to family me
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Family Values 459 not a relative, t
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Family Values 461 is universal, and
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Family Values 463 rest of a cell. S
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Family Values 465 weighing one ten-
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Family Values 467 contributions are
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Family Values 469 "optimal," they w
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Family Values 471 of times," replie
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Family Values 473 mass-market equiv
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Family Values . 475 not hire themse
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Family Values 477 are always jealou
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Family Values 479 All of these intr
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Family Values 481 fathers her child
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Family Values 483 The humorist Fran
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Family Values 485 By the callous re
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Family Values 487 Rabbit's—becaus
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Family Values 489 unfaithful and ar
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Family Values 491 fathers and broth
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Family Values 493 express anger tow
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Family Values 495 cedes because he
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Family Values 497 fits, he could ex
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Family Values 499 Status is the pub
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Family Values 501 mate with. Theore
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Family Values 503 the same time. Ne
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Family Values 505 Foraging peoples,
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Family Values 507 and offer to pay
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Family Values 509 and so on. This r
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Family Values 511 your husband, you
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Family Values 513 distinguish from
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Family Values 515 Tooby and Cosmide
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Family Values 517 many flights. But
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Family Values 519 glimmering of the
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8 THE MEANING OF LIFE an does not l
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The Meaning of Life 523 Mozart once
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The Meaning of Life 525 out the mes
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The Meaning of Life 527 parts of th
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The Meaning of Life 529 grew up wit
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The Meaning of Life 531 end on it,
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ale uI.galiueu 111 irilee ulllererl
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534 I HOW THE MIND WORKS maximum re
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536 | HOW THE MIND WORKS What does
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538 J HOW THE MIND WORKS walking, r
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540 J HOW THE MIND WORKS ings, whic
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542 | HOW THE MIND WORKS dren and f
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544 HOW THE MIND WORKS Can anything
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546 j HOW THE MIND WORKS to continu
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548 HOW THE MIND WORKS butt of a jo
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550 J HOW THE MIND WORKS Lady Astor
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552 HOW THE MIND WORKS Third, the m
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554 J HOW THE MIND WORKS of a domin
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556 J HOW THE MIND WORKS Let's focu
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558 J HOW THE MIND WORKS with a bet
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560 J HOW THE MIND WORKS solution i
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562 | HOW THE MIND WORKS We can wel
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564 J HOW THE MIND WORKS view that
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NOTES 1. Standard Equipment Page 6
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Notes to Pages 44-80 | 569 44 The S
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Notes to Pages 112-133 | 571 112 Pa
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Notes to Pages 162-186 | 573 162 Ev
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Notes to Pages 207-245 | 575 207 Ad
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Notes to Pages 277-297 \ 577 277 Ob
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Notes to Pages 326-345 | 579 326 Ch
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Notes to Pages 372-402 | 581 372 In
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Notes to Pages 431-456 | 583 431 Fr
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Notes to Pages 480-498 | 585 480 Sh
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Notes to Pages 521-546 | 587 521 Li
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REFERENCES Adelson, E. H., & Pentla
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References 591 Baumeister, R. R, &
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References 593 Brooks, L. 1968. Spa
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References 595 Churchland, P., & Ch
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References 597 Dennett, D. C. 1978b
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References 599 Fodor, J. A. 1968a.
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References 601 Gigerenzer, G. 1996a
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References 603 Harris, C. R., & Chr
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References 605 Hyman, I. E., & Neis
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References 607 Kitcher, P. 1992. Ge
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References 609 Lewontin, R. C, Rose
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References 611 Assigning roles to c
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References 613 Nayar, S. K., & Oren
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References 615 Picard, R. W. 1995.
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References 617 Putnam, H. 1994. The
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References 619 and consequence: Per
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References 621 Sperber, D. 1985. An
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References 623 Paper presented at t
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References 625 Williams, G. C. 1992
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INDEX Page ranges in boldface indic
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Index 631 Auditory perception, 183,
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Index 633 Bulletin board, mental, 6
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Index 635 Contraception, 41-42, 207
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Index 637 Dworkin, Andrea, 474, 584
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Index 639 expressions, 366; humor,
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Index 641 Gratitude, 396, 404, 405,
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Index 643 Immigrants, 450 Impetus t
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Index 645 Knowledge, problem of, 55
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Index 647 Marinov, Marin, 571 Markm
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Index 649 MRI (Magnetic Resonance I
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Index 651 Perky, Cheves, 288, 577 P
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Index 653 Rayner, Keith, 576 Readin
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Index 655 Sexual liaisons (short-te
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Index 657 Subbiah, Ilavenil, xi, 22
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Index 659 317-319, 527; picture, 21
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