World report on road traffic injury prevention edited by M ... - teach-vip

CHAPTER 1. THE FUNDAMENTALS • 15
BOX 1.2
Reducing traffic fatalities in Bogotá, Colombia
Over an eight-year period from 1995 to 2002, the Colombian capital, Bogotá, with a population of seven million,
implemented a range of policies to reduce fatal and non-fatal injuries from external causes. As a result, the number
of traffic-related deaths fell over the period by almost a half – from 1387 in 1995 to 697 in 2002.
The first measure was to set up a unified data system on violence and crime, designed by the Institute of Forensic
Medicine and Science to gather data on deaths from violence, and in particular from traffic crashes. Using the
statistics on road traffic crashes in Bogotá, the interagency Committee for Epidemiological Surveillance of Injuries
from External Causes then produced a set of public policies aimed at reducing the number of accidents, improving
mobility around the city and increasing the safety of road users.
Improving the performance and image of traffic police
The following year, 2000 traffic police who had failed to enforce traffic regulations and, in many cases, were guilty of
corruption were replaced. Responsibility for regulating traffic and enforcing rules was transferred to the Metropolitan
Police, which assigned more than 1000 officers and 500 auxiliaries to traffic duties. This police force now has a
positive public image and concentrates exclusively on enforcing traffic discipline. Officers found acting corruptly are
dismissed.
Since 1996, spot checks have been carried out for drunken driving. Drivers failing the test have their vehicles
impounded and are fined around US$ 150. The media are closely involved with these checks, conducted on weekends
at crash black spots. Speed cameras have also been set up on the city’s main roads.
In 1998, the Colombian National University was commissioned to carry out research into traffic crashes. Based
on their findings, further decisions to increase road safety were taken, including the construction of highways,
pavements and pedestrian bridges. The study also identified individual behaviour that increased the risk of traffic
injuries, and from this drew up civic education programmes on traffic safety.
Attempts to change behaviour
One of these programmes, launched by the city’s mayor, was aimed at changing people’s behaviour on the roads.
Measures promoted included the wearing of safety belts and observing pedestrian crossings. While the Highway
Code already included these rules and people were generally aware of them, most people had failed to observe them
and the authorities had generally failed to enforce them.
In the programme, mime was used on numerous sites throughout Bogotá. The mime actors working for the
programme used sign language to point out to drivers that they were not wearing seat-belts, or that they had failed
to give way at pedestrian crossings. At first, drivers were simply warned and told to change their behaviour. If this
failed, a traffic policeman stepped in and handed out a fine, to the applause of onlookers. Nowadays, over 95% of
drivers have been found to observe these rules.
Converting space into pedestrian areas
Since 1996, radical steps have been taken to win back areas from street traders and seasonal vendors. Large public
spaces that had been taken over by vendors or vehicles have been converted into pedestrian areas, with new
pavements and pedestrian bridges constructed.
In addition to the traffic police, the administration employs some 500 guides in its Bogotá Mission programme
– young people trained in traffic regulations, first aid, preventive safety measures and the detailed layout of the
city. Their task is to encourage safe behaviour on public roads.
Mass transport system
A new mass transport system, known as the TransMilenio, has not only improved urban transport and mobility, but
has also reduced the number of traffic injuries along its routes, with the construction of infrastructure to ensure the
safety of pedestrians and other road users. Surrounding areas have also been improved with better lighting and
other equipment to make the system safer, more user-friendly and more efficient.