Electromagnetic testing emt chapter 18 - aerospace applications

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FIGURE 3. Impedance graphs showing coating thickness effects: (a) low conductivity on high conductivity material; (b) high conductivity coating on low conductivity material; (c) aluminum coating on steel at 25 kHz, in units of 25μm (0.001 in.). Aluminum on Copper Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
FIGURE 3. Impedance graphs showing coating thickness effects: (a) low conductivity on high conductivity material; (b) high conductivity coating on low conductivity material; (c) aluminum coating on steel at 25 kHz, in units of 25μm (0.001 in.). Copper on Aluminum Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2: Electromagnetic Testing MFLT/ ECT/
Page 3 and 4: Aerospace Applications Charlie Chon
Page 15 and 16: Vertical Take Off Plane ■ https:/
Page 17 and 18: Vertical Take Off Plane ■ https:/
Page 19 and 20: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 21 and 22: Greek letter Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
Page 23 and 24: 18.1 PART 1. Introduction to Eddy C
Page 25 and 26: Aluminum Exfoliation Charlie Chong/
Page 27 and 28: Titanium - Brazing and Soldering Wh
Page 29 and 30: Titanium Aluminide - Through extens
Page 31 and 32: Titanium Aluminide Charlie Chong/ F
Page 33 and 34: Titanium Aluminide Charlie Chong/ F
Page 35 and 36: 18.1.2 Testing of Aluminum Alloys T
Page 37 and 38: Maintenance overhauls Charlie Chong
Page 39 and 40: ■ Classification of Coatings and
Page 41 and 42: 18.2.2 Metal Thickness Tests for me
Page 43 and 44: A technique called null balancing c
Page 45 and 46: FIGURE 2. Relative instrument readi
Page 47: The important fact illustrated in F
Page 51 and 52: 18.2.4 Nonconductive Coating Thickn
Page 53 and 54: Vertical Liftoff Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 5. Chart for determining sta
Page 57 and 58: 18.2.6 Metal Spacing There are time
Page 59 and 60: FIGURE 6. Probe coil impedance curv
Page 61 and 62: 18.3.1 Control of Tests Important c
Page 63 and 64: ■ Laboratory Evaluations Laborato
Page 65 and 66: The reference standards are identif
Page 67 and 68: Although the conductivity of copper
Page 69 and 70: ■ Laboratory Evaluation of Alumin
Page 71 and 72: ■ Curved Surfaces Eddy current te
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 8. Influence of cylindrical
Page 75 and 76: FIGURE 9. Influence of edge effect
Page 77 and 78: The phase angle lag θ (radian) use
Page 79 and 80: FIGURE 10. Conductivity variations
Page 81 and 82: Whatever the test material is, it m
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 11. Conductivity change as f
Page 85 and 86: Eddy current conductivity testing (
Page 87 and 88: ■ Test Material Temperatures Temp
Page 89 and 90: 18.4 PART 4. Eddy Current Testing o
Page 91 and 92: Bolt Holes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
Page 93 and 94: FIGURE 12. Eddy current hole probe.
Page 95 and 96: FIGURE 13. Normalized impedance gra
Page 97 and 98: 18.4.1 Reference Standards for Bolt
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FIGURE 15. Calibration block for bo
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Calibration block for bolt hole and
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18.4.2 Procedure for Bolt Hole Test
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FIGURE 16. Strip chart indications
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Other rotating eddy current test sy
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FIGURE 17. Cathode ray tube display
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Eddy Current Bolt Hole Testing http
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Eddy Current Bolt Hole Testing http
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang FIGURE 18
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Continuously changing the magnitude
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Examples of: • metal thinning are
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Penetration depth, however, is only
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This location for the material test
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The probe is placed on the taper ga
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FIGURE 19. Screen display calibrati
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FIGURE 20. Impedance plane screen d
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■ Metal Spacing During fabricatio
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FIGURE 21. Eddy current reference s
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FIGURE 21. Eddy current reference s
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FIGURE 22. Eddy current impedance p
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FIGURE 23. Eddy current impedance p
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Intergranular corrosion occurs alon
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The phase angle between the liftoff
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FIGURE 24. Eddy current cathode ray
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FIGURE 24. Eddy current cathode ray
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Figure 25b shows that for aluminum
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Airframe Structures- longerons Char
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FIGURE 25. Notches and cracks at 20
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FIGURE 26. Direction of surface cra
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FIGURE 27. Cracks in first layer in
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The liftoff locus is rotated about
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FIGURE 28. Improving test results a
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FIGURE 28. Improving test results a
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FIGURE 29. Direction of surface and
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18.6 PART 6. Low Frequency Eddy Cur
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The effective depth of penetration
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■ Applications for Low Frequency
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FIGURE 31. Typical applications for
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Intergranular Corrosion Charlie Cho
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Although the low frequency, 500 Hz
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FIGURE 32. Instrument response at 5
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FIGURE 33. Cracks in second layer i
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FIGURE 34. Detection of crack in se
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FIGURE 35. Detection of crack in se
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Fatigue cracks caused by pressuriza
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FIGURE 36. Window belt crack locati
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18.6.2 Automated Fastener Hole Test
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18.6.3 Conclusion Eddy current test
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18.7 PART 7. Eddy Current Testing o
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Jet Engine Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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The aviation community recognizes t
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Therefore, a minimum of two or thre
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FIGURE 37. Probability of detection
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18.7.3 Standard versus Complex Geom
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FIGURE 39. Discontinuity locations
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FIGURE 39. Discontinuity locations
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Although bolt hole and scallop geom
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■ Signal Processing Signal proces
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18.7.4 Eddy Current Probes for Jet
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FIGURE 40. Axial alignment of probe
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FIGURE 41. Footprints of eddy curre
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Many standard techniques for aircra
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FIGURE 42. Eddy current probes: (a)
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■ Wide Field Probes The term wide
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The disadvantages of the wide field
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18.7.5 Conclusion The testing of cr
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Vertical Liftoff Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Vertical Liftoff Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 235 and 236:
Harrier Jump Jet Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Good Luck! Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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