History Alive! The United States

adventurers much like the settlers in the other colonies. In addition, many Protestants, Catholics, and Jews
came to Georgia in search of religious freedom.
As many had feared, life was not easy in Georgia. The Spaniards in Florida wanted to control Georgia, and
they continually attacked the new settlements. The Georgians fought them off without any help from the other
British colonies. To make matters worse, Oglethorpe had specific ideas about how the colonists should live. He
established laws against drinking alcohol and owning slaves. He thought the settlers should live on small farms
and learn to farm their land themselves.
The settlers weren’t about to go along. They wanted to farm large plantations and own slaves like the wealthy
planters in neighboring colonies. They disliked some of Oglethorpe’s other rules as well.
Trying to mold Georgia into his idea of a perfect society, Oglethorpe lost all his money. For its settlers,
however, Georgia became as successful as the other Southern Colonies.
(caption)
James Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, is pictured here in Scottish dress.
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3.11 Chapter Summary
In this chapter, you read about the settlement of the 13 English colonies in the future United States. You used a
spoke diagram to record important features of eight of these colonies.
Settlers had many reasons to come to America in the 1600s and 1700s. Two important reasons were freedom
of religion and the chance to start a new life. However, even though colonists treasured freedom for
themselves, enslaved Africans were taken to America by force.
The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies all had distinctive geographies and natural resources. As a
result, different ways of life developed in each of these regions. Colonies also varied in their form of
government. All, however, were democratic to some degree.
In the New England Colonies, religion and geography were key influences. Although Puritans sometimes
disagreed with one another, they hoped to establish model communities based on their religious faith. New
England’s forests and coastline made lumbering, shipbuilding, and trade very important to the region’s
economy.
The Middle Colonies were geographically, culturally, and religiously diverse. Catholics, Quakers, Anglicans,
and members of other Protestant faiths all found homes in this region.
In the Southern Colonies, climate and geography encouraged the planting of cash crops and the development of
large plantations. In time, slave labor would become a major part of the economy of this region.
What was daily life like for the settlers, servants, and slaves who came to America? You’ll find out in the next
chapter.
(caption)
Handbills like this one lured colonists from Europe to the American colonies.
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(caption)
What different classes of people can you see?
(caption)
What do these men have in their cart and where might they be going?
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Chapter 4
Life in the Colonies
4.1 Introduction