Mynydd Llangynidr, Brecknockshire - Royal Commission on the ...

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<strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> Upland Survey UIP081 Produced for RCAHMW Crynodeb Nad yw’n Dechnegol Gwnaethpwyd arolygiad o ardal <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> o dan nawdd Menter Ucheldiroedd gymorthedig y Comisiwn Brenhinol ar Henebion Hanesyddol Cymru (RCAHMW) rhwng Ebrill 2008 a Mawrth 2009. Oddeutu 38 cilomedr sgwâr oedd maint yr ardal arolygu ac roedd yn cwmpasu crib i’r Gogledd o Ferthyr Tudful ac i’r Gorllewin o Grucywel, gyda Chronfa Pontsticill yn ffin iddi i’r Gorllewin a’r B4560 yn darparu’r ffin Ddwyreiniol. I’r de gorweddai terfyn y Parc Cenedlaethol, Comin Merthyr a’r A465 (T) rhwng Cendl a Merthyr Tudful. Cafwyd 660 o safleoedd o ganlyniad i’r arolygiad, ac o’r rhain yr oedd 121 wedi’u cofnodi ar y NMR a 320 ar yr HER. Roedd gan yr ardaloedd dyffrynnog ddwysedd uwch o safleoedd na’r llethrau uwch. Roedd hyn oherwydd bod llawer mwy o graig yn brigo y medrid ei defnyddio er mwyn codi adeiladweithiau. Gwelwyd gweithgarwch diwydiannol mynych ôl-ganoloesol a modern o amgylch ymylon yr ardal arolygu, yn arbennig yng Ngogledd-ddwyrain a De-orllewin yr ardal. Ni chafodd y pantiau o waith dyn a gafwyd yn aml iawn yn y llethrau marian eu cofnodi bob amser, oherwydd iddynt gael eu hadeiladu’n ddiweddar iawn ac am fod cymaint ohonynt yn gyffredinol. Nodweddion ôl-ganoloesol neu fodern oedd y rhain a grëwyd gan dynnu cerrig rhydd a’u pentyrru o amgylch y pant. Fel rheol yr oeddent oddeutu 1.5 medr ar eu traws ac 1 fedr o ddyfnder, er bod eu siâp a’u maint yn amrywio’n sylweddol. Fe’u ceid yn aml mewn grwpiau, weithiau bob yn ddau, ond yn ddigon mynych yn dod i gymaint â deg neu bymtheg. Mae’n ymddangos bod y pantiau hyn yn llochesau bach neu dyllau ymochel, sy’n gysylltiedig â hyfforddiant milwrol. Golyga’r ffaith fod cymaint o’r nodweddion hyn yn bresennol ledled yr ardal na chawsant mo’u cynnwys yn y gronfa ddata derfynol. Yn gyffredinol cafwyd y cerrig brig ar y llethrau uwch, ac arddangoswyd argaeledd calchfaen ar gyfer adeiladu a phrosesau diwydiannol gan yr odynau calch a’r chwareli yn yr ardal arolygu. Yn ystod yr arolygiad ni lwyddwyd i ganfod rhai safleoedd a gofnodir yn yr HER lleol (Ymddiriedolaeth Archeolegol Clwyd-Powys). Mewn rhai achosion, medrai hyn fod oherwydd bod y cyfesurynnau yn anghywir. Mwy na thebyg y gellir priodoli methiannau eraill i ddod o hyd i safleoedd i’r gorchudd trwchus o lystyfiant ar y llethrau is a’r ardaloedd eang o weunydd mawn a chorsydd yn rhan ddeheuol yr ardal arolygu. Gallai’r tywydd fod yn ffactor yn ogystal, gydag eira ysgafn yn cuddio rhai nodweddion o bryd i’w gilydd. Fodd bynnag, daethpwyd o hyd i lawer o safleoedd newydd yn ogystal. Yn gyffredinol, llwyddodd y prosiect yn y gwaith o greu cofnod cyflawn o’r adeiladweithiau artiffisial o fewn yr ardal arolygu a chynhyrchu set o ddata a fydd yn cefnogi ymchwil yn y dyfodol. Defnyddiwyd cryn dipyn ar GIS a bydd y trawsgrifiadau o’r ffotograffau o’r aer o’r RCAHMW a’r data yn cyfrannu at brosiect sydd ar y gweill yn ArchaeoPhysica er mwyn datblygu dulliau dadansoddol wedi’u seilio ar GIS o archwilio Ucheldiroedd Cymru. Mawrth 2009 Page i \\Harappa\projects\UIP081 <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong>\Reporting\Draft Final\AP UIP081 <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> report (Draft Final).doc Copyright ArchaeoPhysica Ltd. 10/02/2009
<strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> Upland Survey UIP081 Produced for RCAHMW Non-Technical Summary Survey of <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> area proceeded on the auspices of the <strong>Royal</strong> <strong>Commission</strong> on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) grant aided Uplands Initiative between April 2008 and March 2009. The survey area was roughly 38 square kilometres and covered a ridge north of Merthyr Tydfil and west of Crickhowell, bounded by Pontisticill Reservoir to the west and the B4560 to the east. To the south was the National Park boundary, Merthyr Common and the A465 (T) between Beaufort and Merthyr Tydfil. The survey resulted in 660 sites, of which 121 were recorded on the NMR and 320 on the HER. The valley areas bore a higher density of sites than the upper slopes. This was because there was far more outcropping rock which could be utlised to build structures. There was frequent post-medieval and modern industrial activity around the edges of the survey area, particularly in the north-east and south-west of the area. The very frequent occurrence of man-made hollows in the scree slopes were not always recorded due to their very recent construction and overall abundance. These were post-medieval or modern features created by removing loose stones and piling around the depression. They were usually about 1.5 metres across and 1 metre deep, though their shape and dimensions varied markedly. They were often found in groups, sometimes in pairs, but not infrequently numbering as many as ten or fifteen. It seems that these hollows are small shelters or foxholes associated with military training. The number of these features all over the area meant that they have not been included in the final database. The rock outcropping was generally on the higher slopes and the availability of limestone for building and industrial processes was demonstrated by the lime kilns and quarries in the survey area. Some sites recorded in the local HER (the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust) could not be found during survey. On occasions this could be because the co-ordinates were incorrect. Other failures to locate sites are probably attributable to the dense vegetation cover on the lower slopes and the large areas of peat bogs and marsh in the southern part of the survey area. Weather conditions may have also been a factor, with light snowfall sometimes masking some features. However, many new sites were also discovered. Overall the project has been successful in making a total record of the artificial structures within the survey area and producing a data set that will support future research. Extensive use has been made of GIS and the air photo transcriptions from the RCAHMW and the data will contribute to a developing project at ArchaeoPhysica to develop GIS-based analytical approaches to examining Welsh Uplands. March 2009 Page ii \\Harappa\projects\UIP081 <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong>\Reporting\Draft Final\AP UIP081 <strong>Mynydd</strong> <strong>Llangynidr</strong> report (Draft Final).doc Copyright ArchaeoPhysica Ltd. 10/02/2009
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