exploration review THE BAKKEN AT ANTLER AND SINCLAIR

exploration review
THE BAKKEN AT ANTLER AND SINCLAIR
Light Oil Resource Play for Savvy Juniors
The emerging Williston Basin (Devonian-Mississippian) Bakken play of southeastern Saskatchewan and southwestern
Manitoba continues to gain momentum. Since the play was reignited in Canada a little over two years
ago, it has come to be referred to as a “conventional light oil resource play.” In terms of impact (not geology),
some of the players are comparing it to the Pembina (Upper Cretaceous) Cardium, the largest conventional oil
accumulation ever discovered in Canada. Although the Bakken play has been around since the 1950s, it never
really caught fire in those earlier years, because only the very best of the resource was exploitable with the
vertical drilling technology of the time. The few small fields discovered by serendipity were never economically
interesting enough to follow up on seriously. Nowadays, newer technology and high commodity prices, in
combination with recent phenomenal success in the Bakken at Richland County in Montana, have made the play
exciting. The elements coming together to make the play include horizontal drilling technology, horizontal frac
and completion technology (which is relatively new), high commodity prices and regulatory incentives for light
oil in the jurisdictions where the action is.
A Magnus Energy Bakken oil producer at Ryerson 14-1-9-31W1, SE Saskatchewan,
photo by Darrell Wuschke

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REGIONAL BAKKEN ACTIVITY
WILLISTON BASIN
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Economics that do not excite the majors have made the
concept the haven of juniors. The active areas also offer
significant light oil multi-zone potential, with the Mississippian
Lodgepole Formation, Tilston beds, Frobisher-Alida beds,
Kisbey Sandstone, Midale beds, Ratcliffe beds and other
shallow zones also being developed with the Bakken. The
Bakken trend is the favoured explanation for the increase
in land prices at Saskatchewan crown sales to an average of
$362.79 per hectare in 2006, up from $254.95 in 2005. The
province is also anticipating a record number of horizontal
wells this year, again largely attributed to Bakken drilling
activity. Abundant long life reserves are the motivation and
the reward. The hounds are unleashed, drilling continues,
and the boundaries have yet to be established.
B22 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
While strong oil prices may be the most important factor in
the play’s success, shallow depths in the Canadian part of
the Williston Basin make for cheaper wells. The regulatory
regime may definitely help ease the burdens. In Saskatchewan,
the first 250,000 bbls of oil on each well can be royalty-free.
The Bakken is widespread across the basin, and oil-charged.
Horizontal drilling makes a big difference. New horizontal
technology is the reason the Bakken play is hot now, but was
not previously. However in the Antler/Sinclair area, along
the Manitoba/Saskatchewan border where the Bakken is
shallow enough that the preferred exploitation method, is
close-spaced vertical wells.
There are now several hubs of Bakken activity in Western
Canada, at Viewfield, Antler, Tableland, Oungre, Ceylon,

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Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
ANTLER/SINCLAIR BAKKEN WELLS
SE SASK./SW MAN.
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Hummingbird and Rocanville in Saskatchewan, and Sinclair,
Daly and Birdtail in Manitoba. The May/June 2005 Canadian
Discovery Digest reviewed the Bakken trend for basically the
whole Williston Basin in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Montana
and North Dakota ( Regional Bakken Activity map, opposite
page). This current review will focus on the Antler area in
southeastern Saskatchewan and the Sinclair Field and other
fields of southwestern Manitoba.
Antler/Sinclair is one of several areas heating up for light
oil resource activity in the Bakken since the discovery
and development of the Elm Coulee (Sleeping Giant)
Field in Richland County, northeastern Montana in 2001
inspired interest in that zone. Elm Coulee is now a major
Bakken light oil producer, which has yielded a total of
27 million barrels of oil production to January 2006 and
was producing about 47,000 bopd from 290 wells on
that date.
The Antler area of Saskatchewan, which includes Ryerson,
Frys and Frys East, now abuts the Sinclair Field in Manitoba
where Bakken related (sourced) oil of the Upper Devonian
Torquay Formation of the Three Forks Group is currently
being developed ( Antler/Sinclair Bakken Wells above).
Land is available in these areas and is reasonably priced.
Active operators include, Tundra Oil and Gas, Rideau
Petroleums, Kiwi Resources, Athena Resources, Grand
Banks Energy, Canetic Resources and Magnus Energy.
Crescent Point Energy, Pemoco Ltd., and Mogul
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM B23

EXPLORATION REVIEW
B24 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
WELLS BY OPERATOR
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
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R27W1
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Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
R27W1
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Energy have significant land holdings. The wells drilled
by these operators are highlighted on a well location map
( above), and their leased crown lands ( map opposite)
are highlighted to the extent possible, along with the lands of
agents and brokers.
Tundra is a private company, with head offices in Winnipeg,
owned by James Richardson and Sons, an entity founded by
a long established Winnipeg business family. Tundra is by
far the major operator in this review area.
Rideau is a private company with head offices in Kelwna B.C.,
and is the second most active Bakken operator in Manitoba.
Kiwi Resources, also a private company, has its offices
in Virden, Manitoba. Kiwi is basically the third largest
operator in Manitoba, but with about thirty low productivity
wells, mostly in the Daly Field, trails the leaders by a wide
margin.
Athena Resources is a private Calgary company that is
developing a presence on the Saskatchewan side, with
nineteen Bakken wells and locations just west of the Sinclair
Field, about fifty sections of crown leases and five Bakken
producers.
AN
AN
AN
AN
Magnus
Grand Banks
Tundra
Rideau
AN
AN
AN
Kiwi
Athena
Canetic

ESU
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Manitoba
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Agents and Brokers
Crescent Point
Magnus
Rideau
Athena
Grand Banks
Mogul
Canetic Kiwi Pemeco
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
LAND DISTRIBUTION BY OPERATOR
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
Tundra
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Grand Banks Energy Corporation is a Canadian public
resource company headquartered in Calgary, engaged in the
exploration, development, and production of oil and gas in
Western Canada. In the Bakken-Three Forks Formation light
oil play in Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan, the company
has identified at least 20 prospective locations (mostly at
a 100% working interest). Most of these are lower risk
development locations and several will be horizontal wells.
Moreover, the wells are relatively shallow (1,050 metres) and
can be drilled, completed and equipped for approximately
$550,000. Grand Banks has drilled ten wells, including one
horizontal well, in this area to date in 2006.
Canetic is a trust with head offices in Calgary. The Bakken is
currently a small part of its activities in Western Canada.
Magnus Energy is a Calgary junior that is focused on the
acquisition, exploration, exploitation and development of oil
and natural gas properties in Western Canada. Incorporated
on January 25, 2005, the company has a growing inventory
of prospects and joint ventures in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Magnus is active in the Bakken light oil resource play at
Antler and Tableland, southeastern Saskatchewan. The
company has been actively acquiring both Crown and
freehold land, and as of March 31, 2006, has slightly more
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM B25

ESU
EXPLORATION REVIEW
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AN
2003 and earlier wells
AN
2005 wells
AN
Bakken Locations
AN
2004 wells
AN
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Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
ANTLER/SINCLAIR BAKKEN WELL ACTIVITY MAP
SE SASK/SW MAN.
than 1.8 townships of gross land, or 16,640 gross hectares (65
gross sections) in the area ( Land distribution by Operator,
previous page ). Magnus has observed that in comparison to
Alberta, there is a large amount of open Crown and freehold
land in the Antler area. Magnus has drilled nine exploratory
and development wells (gross) to date in the Antler area,
targeting Bakken, Torquay, and Lodgepole light oil. This
resulted in six wells capable of commercial production, one
well cased and undergoing completion, one well completed
and suspended pending further work and one well which
was D&A. Magnus plans to drill a number of additional
wells in the area in 2006.
B26 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
Crescent Point Energy is a Calgary-based trust, which has
recently announced a takeover of Mission Oil and Gas, the
major Bakken operator in the Viewfield area of Saskatchewan.
Crescent Point also acquired Find Energy, earlier this year, with
extensive holdings of leased freehold in the Saskatchewan portion
of the Antler/Sinclair review area. Crescent Point currently has
no known Bakken wells in the review area, but seems most likely
to soon be a committed Bakken operator in Saskatchewan.
Pemoco Ltd. is a private Calgary-based company with a
significant land holding in the western part of the review
area in Saskatchewan, mostly in the Parkman Field, which
is a Tilston/Souris Valley producer.

E E SU
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
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R33 R33
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R30 R30
R29 R29
R28W1
R27W1
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
R29
R28
R27W1
T11
T10
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T6
T11
T10
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T7
Leased Crown
Freehold
Open Crown
Posted Sale SK
2006-10-17
2005 Land Sales
2006 Land Sales
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
ANTLER/SINCLAIR LAND ACTIVITY MAP
SE SASK./SW MAN.
2004 Land Sales
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Mogul Energy International is a Seattle-based company,
which holds a fair number of freehold leases in the northwest
portion of the review area. Its lands currently contain only
drilled and abandoned wells, one drilled in May 2006 by
Transpacific Petroleum Corp.
Almost 1,000 wells have been drilled in the Antler/Sinclair
review area, that have the potential for Bakken production
( map opposite page). These include Bakken and Torquay
producers, and wells that drilled into the Bakken, Torquay,
Three Forks, or Birdbear horizons. As the activity map shows,
drilling in 2003 and before (over 200 wells) was mainly
in the Daly Field, drilling in 2004 (rather light at about 40
wells) was split between Daly and Sinclair, drilling in 2005
(almost 200 wells) was almost entirely in the Sinclair Field,
and drilling in 2006 (almost 350 wells) was mostly at Sinclair,
but expanded significantly into the Antler area of southeastern
Saskatchewan. As of September 2006, over ninety wells were
licensed to drill to the Bakken or deeper.
Crown land in the core drilling areas is now mostly leased.
The land activity map ( above) shows open crown, leased
crown, freehold and land posted for an October sale in
Saskatchewan. Also shown is land acquired in land sales
during 2004, 2005 and so far in 2006. Crown land in the
area of the Sinclair Field was mostly acquired in 2004. A lot
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM B27

EXPLORATION REVIEW
of the leased crown on the Saskatchewan side of the review
area was acquired in 2005 and 2006. The postings for the
Saskatchewan sale are significant in the southwestern corner
of the review area. A fair amount of open crown land remains
in two places within the review area, both in Saskatchewan.
In a southeast to northwest trend in the western half of the
review area, but outside of the main core of Bakken intent
drilling, there is plenty of open crown available. And in Twps.
9 and 10 Rge 30W1, just west of the Manitoba border, there
are also quite a few sections of open crown.
CURRENT LICENSEE No of Wells Oil Avg Rate (bbl/d) Gas Avg Rate (mcf/d) Water Avg Rate (bbl/d)
Tundra Oil and Gas 239 7,023 0 3,228
Rideau Petroleums 74 1,199 0 536
Grand Banks Energy 6 117 0 87
Kiwi Resources 31 115 0 640
Canetic Resources 4 69 0 44
2214351 Manitoba 2 67 0 12
Cosens Drilling 8 56 0 80
Athena Resources 5 48 0 79
Magnus Energy 2 33 0 52
4478429 Manitoba 1 6 0 108
Graceland Resources 1 3 0 1
Zargon Oil & Gas 2 2 0 3
Mountcliff Resource 1 1 0 1
Total 376 8,740 0 4,872
Production to May 31, 2006 (Sask) Dec 31, 2005 (Man), Order of decreasing Cum Oil
COMBINED DAILY RATES BY OPERATOR
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
CURRENT LICENSEE No of Wells Cum Oil (bbl) Cum Gas (mcf) Cum Water (bbl)
Tundra Oil and Gas 270 3,859,895 0 7,277,145
Rideau Petroleums 82 654,550 0 470,149
Kiwi Resources 34 238,902 0 969,546
Cosens Drilling 8 97,343 0 344,326
Canetic Resources 4 67,823 0 28,880
Zargon Oil & Gas 3 27,774 0 21,043
Athena Resources 6 16,479 0 22,187
2214351 Manitoba 2 14,256 0 5,036
Grand Banks Energy 6 13,932 0 13,085
Graceland Resources 1 13,690 0 7,044
Burlington Resources Canada 1 10,839 0 8,398
4478429 Manitoba 1 10,464 0 131,110
Magnus Energy 3 2,723 0 3,396
Oilex Exploration 2 1,960 0 3,897
Mountcliff Resource 1 334 0 112
Enerplus Ect Resources 1 94 0 628
Newscope Resources 1 0 0 648
Total 426 5,031,057 0 6,306,631
Production to May 31, 2006 (Sask) Dec 31, 2005 (Man), Order of decreasing Cum Oil
CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION BY OPERATOR
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
B28 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST

BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
In the Antler/Sinclair review area, the Bakken has produced
about 5.0 million barrels of oil from over 420 wells and
currently produces at an average combined daily rate of
over 8,700 bopd from almost 380 wells ( tables, opposite
page). Tundra Oil and Gas, the main producer, accounts
for about 80% of the current daily production, and Rideau
Petroleums supplies for about 14%. The daily production
of other operators is currently only minor. These numbers
are current to December 31, 2005 for Manitoba, and to
May 31, 2006 for Saskatchewan. They refer to the Bakken
wells highlighted on the Antler/Sinclair review area well
location map ( page B23).
The production graph ( below) tracks the history of Manitoba
Bakken oil production in terms of the combined average daily
oil rate, and the number of producing wells, since Bakken
production started in Manitoba in 1985.
On the Saskatchewan side of the Antler/Sinclair review
area, the Bakken has produced only about 129,000 barrels
of oil from 26 wells, and the combined average daily rate is
510 bopd. The main operators on this side of the border are
Tundra, Grand Banks, and Canetic. Activity is just beginning
on this side of the review area.
In the Williston Basin, the Late Devonian/Early Mississippian
Bakken is a tri-partite sequence deposited during marginal
marine and deep marine conditions. The Upper and Lower
Members are deep marine basinal facies deposited in water
depths exceeding 200 metres. The Middle Member contains
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 1.0E4
Wellcount: 530
Prod. Data as of: July 31, 2006
1985
1987
Avg Dly Oil (bbl/d)
1989
1991
1993
1995
Time
Cum Oil/Cnd (bbl):
Cum Gas (mcf):
Cum Wtr (bbl):
1997
5016071
50
6235579
1999
2001
R2W6
2003
Nbr of Wells (#)
2005
R26
2007
400
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
Created
in AccuMap (TM), a product of IHS Datum: NAD 27
Licence Data to: September 12, 2006 / Production Data to: July 31, 2006
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
ALL MANITOBA - BAKKEN/TORQUAY PRODUCTION
SINCLAIR/DALY, SW MAN.
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B29

PALEOZOIC
CARBONIFEROUS
MISSISSIPPIAN
MIDDLE
DEVONIAN
U P P ER
D E V O N IAN
EXPLORATION REVIEW
marginal deposits, consisting of offshore muds and silts
deposited in the 10 to 200 metre water depth range and
shoreface silt and sandstone deposited in water less than
10 metres deep. Black mudstone of the Lower Bakken and
Upper Bakken Members, with abrupt contacts and uniform
color and texture, implies that a distal deep water marine
environment, including anoxic water bottom conditions,
was rapidly established across the floor of the Williston
Basin and persisted during Late Devonian and Early
Mississippian times. These conditions rapidly ended
following a change in water circulation within the basin
(Smith and Bustin, 1996). The Bakken Members were
deposited in an onlap relationship to the underlying late
Devonian surface, an erosional unconformity comprising
the Torquay in the eastern Williston Basin, and the Big
Valley in the western portion of the basin.
The Bakken is a prolific source rock in North Dakota and
Montana, where it occurs deeper in the Williston Basin.
Estimates of oil generated by the Bakken source rocks vary
from about 100 billion barrels (Kreis, Costa and Osadetz,
2005) to 400 billion barrels (Price and LeFever, 1994). High
resistivity Upper Member and Lower Member shales in
southeastern Saskatchewan near the North Dakota border
indicate an oil saturation in the shale that may exist either
ERA
PERIOD
PERMIAN
EPOCH
PENNSYLVANIAN
SOUTHEAST
SASKATCHEWAN
The following suite of figures and maps illustrates
the regional geology of the Bakken in the Williston
Basin and beyond. A stratigraphic chart ( right) places
the position of the Bakken within the stratigraphy of
southeastern Saskatchewan, which is basically the same
for Manitoba. A facies diagram ( top opposite page)
focuses on the individual Bakken Members, their lithology
and depositional environments. A schematic structural
cross-section in Canada ( bottom opposite page) shows
the relationship of the units in the Williston Basin to
their counterparts in Alberta. This cross-section also
illustrates how the Bakken onlaps the Upper Devonian
Big Valley Formation of the Wabamun group in Alberta,
and both the Big Valley and Torquay Formations of
the Three Forks Group in the Williston Basin (the Big
Valley is defined in both the Wabamun Group and the
Three Forks Group). A regional map ( top page B32)
shows the subcrop pattern of the individual Bakken
Members with respect to an outline of the Williston
Basin. The schematic regional cross-section in North
Dakota ( bottom page B32) shows the basin with the
effect of the Nesson Anticline on the Bakken. A map
( top page B33) illustrates the distribution of the
Middle Member lithofacies, and their profile on logs.
And finally, a map ( bottom page B33) shows the
subcrop edge and structure of the Upper Bakken Member
in detail along the northeastern edge of the Williston
Basin in the Antler-Sinclair review area.
B30 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
Oil
Mine
DEVONIAN
LOWER
DEVONIAN
BIG SNOWY
GROUP
MADISON GROUP
CHARLES
MISSION
CANYON
LODGEPOLE
THREE
FORKS
GROUP
SASKATCHEWAN
GROUP
MANITOBA
GROUP
ELK
POINT
GROUP
Sandstone
Carbonate
Evaporite
KIBBEY
BIRDBEAR
DUPEROW
SOURIS RIVER
st
1 RED BED
DAWSON BAY
nd
2 RED BED
PRAIRIE
EVAPORITE
WINNIPEGOSIS
ASHERN
POPLAR
RATCLIFFE
MIDALE
FROBISHER
KISBEY
ALIDA
TILSTON
SOURIS VALLEY
BAKKEN
BIG VALLEY
TORQUAY
STRATIGRAPHIC CHART
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
Saskatchewan
Industry and
Resources
Redbeds
Unconformities
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.

BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
BAKKEN LITHOFACIES & DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT - WILLISTON BASIN
FROM SMITH & BUSTIN, 1996
BAKKEN LITHOFACIES - ALBERTA & SASKATCHEWAN
SCHEMATIC STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND LITHOFACIES DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE MADISON SHELF AND ELBOW
SUB-BASIN. NOTE STRATIGRAPHIC ONLAPPING RELATIONSHIP OF POST - TORQUAY/STETTLER STRATA ONTO THE EAST-
ERN MARGIN OF WILLISTON BASIN AND WESTERN MARGIN OF ELBOW SUB-BASIN. FROM CAPLAN & BUSTIN, 1998
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B31

EXPLORATION REVIEW
BAKKEN MEMBERS SUBCROP - WILLISTON BASIN
FROM WALKER, 2006
because the oil was generated there, or because it migrated
there from more mature source rocks in North Dakota that
are well within the oil window. It is useful to think of the
Bakken as a continuous system, from near the top of the
Three Forks, to near the base of the Lodgepole Formation.
This accounts for the fact that oil sourced in the Bakken is
sometimes produced from these other zones, when suitable
reservoir rock is in direct contact with the Bakken source
rocks. Oil analyses suggests that this continuous system has
lost very little of the oil it has generated. There has been little
in the way of expulsion to other zones because of tighter
rock below in the Devonian Three Forks Group and above
in the Mississippian Lodgepole Formation of the Madison
Group. (Price and LeFever, 1994)
WEST
EAST
Elm Coulee Area
Three Forks fm (Dev)
Nesson Anticline
Antelope Field
Lodgepole fm (Miss)
Three Forks fm (Dev)
BAKKEN REGIONAL CROSS - SECTION - WILLISTON BASIN
FROM WALKER, 2006
B32 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
Modified after Meissner (1978)

BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
BAKKEN MIDDLE MEMBER PALEOGRAPHY - WILLISTON BASIN
FROM WALKER, 2006
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
900
Rocanville
800
Antler/Sinclair
Review Area
700
600
Sask.
Man.
Daly
500
500
Sinclair
Birdtail
10
7
Bakken Subcrop
9
62-K
8
1
16
12
5
4
13
62-J
34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
29
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
UPPER BAKKEN SUBCROP AND STRUCTURE
ANTLER/SINCLAIR, SE SASK./SW MAN.
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B33

EXPLORATION REVIEW
However, Burrus et al have observed that though most oil
generated in Bakken source rocks has been expelled from
Bakken shales, there are few Bakken-sourced accumulations
in the Early Mississippian Madison Group. They explain
that much of the expelled oil may remain dispersed (and
immobile) in the vast volume of the Madison (post-Bakken)
carbonates. They also observe that oil generation causes Bakken
overpressure, which provides a mechanism for Bakken oil
to migrate both vertically and laterally. The overpressured
zone is highlighted on the Bakken Members subcrop map
( top page B32). The energy of the overpressure zone,
which may allow Bakken oil to migrate far updip northwards
beyond the oil window through the Bakken Middle Member
(Burrus et al 1996), possibly explains the occurrence of
Bakken and Torquay oil in Manitoba.
Detailed examination of Bakken cores, geophysical logs,
and production data in southeastern Saskatchewan indicates
that significant potential exists for bypassed pay and the
opportunity to find additional oil in siltstones and sandstones
of the Middle Member of the Bakken Formation. Weathered
and brecciated dolostones of the Torquay Formation in
southeastern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba
also exhibit high and relatively untested potential for oil
production. The relatively low permeability of these rocks
suggests that they might best be developed using horizontal
drilling and completion programs. A large untested and
poorly evaluated rock volume remains in the Bakken and
Torquay formations of southeastern Saskatchewan, within
which there may be significant potential for finding new oil.
(Kreis, Costa and Osadetz, 2005) Recent drilling success
by Tundra Oil and Gas and others in the Sinclair Field
dramatically illustrates that this also applies to southwestern
Manitoba.
First Bakken production from Manitoba began in the Daly
Field, in October 1985, when Newscope Resources tied in
Tundra Kola Unit No.1 13-21-10-29 W1. That well, a New
Field Wildcat rig released on October 1, 1985 was drilled to
a total depth of 905m in the Torquay. It came on stream at
an initial rate of 73 bopd, and produced a little over 73,400
barrels of oil until September 1992, when it was converted
to a water injection well.
The main Bakken fields in Manitoba are the Daly Field,
in which oil is produced from sweet spots in an area of
ubiquitous oil saturation, the Birdtail Field, which involves
structural and stratigraphic closures in a regionally wet
sand, and the recently discovered Sinclair Field, which
produces from a flow unit (a rock volume with identifiable
fluid flow characteristics that can be modeled) comprising
both the Middle Bakken Member, and the Upper Devonian
Torquay Formation, below the sub-Bakken unconformity.
(Barchyn, 2005)
The Daly Field began with the discovery of a major Lodgepole
pool in 1950. The Bakken is oil-charged throughout the area
with 40° API oil, and production performance is determined
by reservoir quality in the Middle Bakken Member sandstone.
“Sweet Spots” trend north-south, parallel to depositional
strike, the best pools are under waterflood, and Bakken
production is commonly commingled with the overlying
Lodgepole. A log suite ( top opposite page) depicts a
Middle Bakken sand with an average porosity of 17%,
an average permeability of 12.0md and a net pay of 5.0m
(Barchyn, 2005).
In the Birdtail Field, the Bakken produces 36° API oil from
small reservoirs (in the order of one half million barrels).
These accumulations are usually encountered at depths of
about 520m and are conventionally trapped in good quality
Middle Bakken sand bodies with identifiable downdip water
legs. Trapping appears to be a combination of structural and
stratigraphic factors. The pools are mostly under waterflood.
A Birdtail Field log suite ( bottom opposite page) shows
a Middle Bakken reservoir with an average porosity of 18%,
and a net pay of 3.5m (Barchyn, 2005).
The newly discovered (2003) Sinclair Field is still under
active development. The flow unit (reservoir) straddles
the sub-Bakken unconformity with some pay from the
Middle Bakken Member, but the bulk of pay found in
the underlying sandy dolomite of the Torquay Formation.
Log expressions are subtle and do not necessarily explain
variations in productivity A Sinclair Field log suite
( page B36) depicts a Torquay reservoir with an average
porosity of 16%, an average permeability of 3.5md and a
net pay of 6.0m. (Barchyn, 2005)
B34 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST

00/03-33-010-29W1/0
KB: 536.2 m RR: 1994-08-15
TD: 920.0 m [TVD]
FormTD: BIRDBER
Mode: Pump Fluid: Oil
TUNDRA KOLA UNIT NO. 2
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
Lodgepole
850.00
850
850.00
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
875
Torquay
900
Birdbear
920.00
920.00
SP/Resistivity
GR/Density/Neutron
TUNDRA KOLA UNIT NO.2
00/01-19-016-27W1/0
KB: 480.1 m3-33-10-29W1
RR: 1997-06-16
TD: 548.0 m [TVD] PUMPING BAKKEN FormTD: OIL TORQUAY
IP: 45 BOPD
Mode: Pump Fluid: Oil
PP: 17 BOPD MAX: 52 BOPD CUM: 78,450 BBL RR: AUG 1994
BIRDTAIL UNIT NO. 2 PROV.
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
Lodgepole
510.00
510.00
Lodgepole
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
525
(-44.9)
Torquay
Torquay
550
(-69.9)
550.00
SP/Resistivity
550.00
GR/Density/Neutron
BIRDTAIL UNIT NO.2 PROV.
1-19-16-27W1
PUMPING BAKKEN OIL
IP: 18 BOPD PP: 13 BOPD MAX: 20 BOPD CUM: 38,100 BBL RR: JUNE 1997
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
B35

EXPLORATION REVIEW
The Tundra’s January 2003 NFW discovery well at Sinclair 3- As mentioned, the Bakken reservoir or flow unit in the
6-7-29W1, which was drilled to 1,130m in the Three Forks, is Sinclair Field of Manitoba is contained within porous rocks
credited with beginning the excitement and success of Sinclair of both the Bakken Formation and the Torquay Formation.
(Davidson & Gompf, 2006). The well was completed in the The Bakken and Torquay come together and occupy basically
Middle Bakken Member, and came on stream in January 2003 the same physical space where the members of the Bakken
at an initial rate of about 25 bopd. The well produced a total Formation onlap the sub-Bakken unconformity with the
of about 13, 800 barrels of oil and about 7,950 barrels of Torquay Formation at the erosional surface. Where the
water to the end of December 2005, the last date for which porous Middle Bakken Member overlies the porous Torquay,
records are currently available, and continued to produce oil discrimination between the two from logs and core can be
at a rate of about 9 bopd on that date. However the well is difficult. A log suite ( opposite page) for the well 9-9-
on the periphery of what is now the Sinclair Field, with the 8-29W1 shows the Upper Bakken Member, the Middle
main development action to date focussed in the southern Bakken Member and the Torquay highlighted. Although only
portion of Twp. 8 Rge. 29 W1.
the Torquay is perforated, about 1.5m of Middle Bakken
Member is present, much of which also looks porous. A
Most wells drilled in the Antler/Sinclair review area are core photo ( top page B38) shows the appearance of the
vertical. So far only about sixteen of more than one thousand Middle Member/Torquay contact. Throughout most of the
Bakken targeted wells are horizontal. Because the zone is so Antler/Sinclair review area the Lower Bakken Member has
shallow, it likely pays to drill vertical wells at close spacing, not been deposited, leaving the Middle Bakken Member
rather than go to the extra expense of drilling horizontal directly on top of the Torquay ( map top of page B32).
wells. The average costs for drilling and completing a
vertical Sinclair Bakken well is approximately $500,000 and The Bakken pools in the Sinclair Field have been designated
takes an average 4.5 days to drill. The average well depth for the most part “Bakken-Three Forks”. The Three Forks
is 1,045 metres. At peak drilling periods, the Sinclair Field Group comprises the Torquay, Big Valley and Bakken
has seen as many as six drilling rigs working. (Davidson formations, the last of which is almost entirely Mississippian
& Gompf, 2006)
in age.
00/03-07-008-29W1/0
KB: 536.4 m RR: 1997-02-01
TD: 1077.8 m [TVD]
FormTD: BIRDBER
Mode: Abnd Fluid: N/A
NORTHROCK SOUTH EBOR
Lodgepole
Lodgepole
Lodgepole
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
1010.00
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
1010.00
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
1010.00
T_Marker
T_Marker
T_Marker
1050.00
1050.00
1050.00
SP/Resistivity GR/Density/Neutron GR/Acoustic
TUNDRA SINCLAIR
3-7-8-29W1
PUMPING BAKKEN OIL
IP: 26 BOPD PP: 15 BOPD MAX: 26 BOPD CUM: 17,400 BBL RR: JAN. 2003 Canadian
B36 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST
DiscoveryLtd.

00/09-09-008-29W1/0
KB: 529.4 m RR: 2004-06-23
TD: 1005.0 m [TVD]
FormTD:
Mode: Prod Fluid: Oil
TUNDRA SINCLAIR
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
Lodgepole
Lodgepole
Lodgepole
950
(-420.6)
950.00
950.00
950.00
975
(-445.6)
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
U. Bakken
M. Bakken
Torquay
1000
(-470.6)
1010.00
1010.00
1010.00
SP/Resistivity GR/Density/Neutron GR/Acoustic
TUNDRA SINCLAIR
9-9-8-29W1
BAKKEN OIL
IP: 73 BOPD MAX: 76 BOPD CUM: 28,800 BBL RR: JUNE 2004
CONVERTED TO WATER INJECTION JULY 2006
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
The lithology of the Torquay (Three Forks) is dolomite and
shale, with lesser amounts of anhydrite. Some brecciated
fragments of dolomite occur scattered in the mudstone. Color
ranges from greys and greens to reds and browns, depending
on the degree of oxidation of the sediments. Weathered
anhydrite is white. (Christopher, 1961) Core photos ( page
B38) show the Torquay at different depths in core from the
well 10-31-7-29W1. The photos show both productive and
oxidized Torquay, as annotated.
The Middle Bakken Member is argillaceous and dolomitic.
Contorted bedding and/or crossbedding as well as massive
bedding are present ( core photos page B39, top and
middle). Thickness of the Member in the Sinclair area
ranges from less than 1metre to about 6 metres (Davidson
& Gompf, 2006). Porosity is predominantly intergranular
(Martiniuk, 1988). In Manitoba, there are four lithofacies
recognized according to Fox and Martiniuk (1994). These
are in ascending order: (1) fine-grained sandstone that
varies between massive, slightly wavy bedding and thinly
laminated; (2) interbedded very fine to fine-grained silty
sandstone and silty shale; (3) very fine-grained argillaceous
sandstone/siltstone with discontinuous lenses or wavy bedding
interbedded with silty shale; and (4) massive and sometimes
burrowed shaly siltstone to silty shale. Lithofacies (1) is
the primary reservoir and Lithofacies (2) is the secondary
reservoir. (Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
The Upper Member of the Bakken Formation is a massive black
shale ( core photo bottom page B39). It is noncalcareous
and can appear fissile or finely banded. The average thickness
of the Upper Bakken in the Sinclair area is approximately
2 metres. Contact with the underlying Middle member is
sharp. (Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
The average core parameters for the Middle Bakken Member
are 14.7% porosity and 1.8 millidarcies permeability. For
the Torquay, the core averages are 16.5% porosity and 4.3
millidarcies permeability. The OOIP estimates for the Bakken/
Torquay flow unit range from 54,141 m3/LSD (340,493
bbl/LSD) to 119,514 m3/LSD (751,624 bbl/LSD). A chart
( page B40) illustrates the porosity-permeability relationship
from twelve non-confidential cores. The cross-plot indicates
that a permeability cut off of 1 millidarcy corresponds to a
porosity cutoff of 12.6 %. (Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM B37

EXPLORATION REVIEW
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
Bakken/Three Forks (Torquay) Contact
A sharp contact between the Three Forks
and Middle Bakken. A rare occurrence.
Photo taken at a drilled depth of
1082.7m from core of a well located at
4-6-7-29 WPM
Three Forks (Torquay) Core
Three Forks Formation. This core photo was taken at a
drilled depth of 1,033m, near the top of the perforated/
producing interval in the well located at 10-31-7-29 WPM.
The well is perforated from 1,033 - 1,037m.
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
Bakken/Three Forks (Torquay) Core
Three Forks Formation Oxidation. The red colouring indicates
the partial oxidation seen just below the perforated
interval. The Three Forks Formation becomes completely
oxidized in places deeper in this well. Photo taken at a
drilled depth of 1,038.5m in core of a well located at
10-31-7-29 WPM.
B38 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST

BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
Middle Bakken Member Core
Middle Bakken Member Bedding. Lithofacies
2. This core photo was taken at 1,030.6m
of drilled depth in the well located at 10-
31-7-29 WPM.
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
Middle Bakken Member Core
Middle Bakken Member Crossbedding. Lithofacies 1. This
core photo was taken at a drilled depth of 1,080.6m in
the well located at 10-31-7-29 WPM.
(From Davidson & Gompf, 2006)
Upper Bakken Member Core
Two core photos from a well at 10-31-7-29 WPM at 1,028.5m of drilled depth. The left is dry, the
right is wet.
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B39

EXPLORATION REVIEW
The range of reservoir pressures of the Sinclair Field Bakken
Formation ranges from 8,261 kPa (1,198 psi) to 10,609 kPa
(1,539 psi). The average reservoir temperature from DST data
is 28.5 °C. The oil is light at 40º API. The typical vertical
well comes on stream at about 30 bopd, which it maintains
for the first three months or so, before stabilizing in the
8-12 bopd range after about six months. The normalized
production chart ( top opposite page) illustrates this
average daily production performance of Sinclair wells
for the number of months on stream. The production chart
( bottom opposite page) traces the production history of
the Bakken in the Sinclair Field from its humble beginning
in early 2003 with just a few barrels per month from a few
wells, to over 200,000 barrels per month from about 180
wells. A bubble map ( page B42) shows the production
distribution of current producers from the Bakken in the
Sinclair Field, and seems to imply that production has much
room for further expansion within the field.
The Bakken play at Sinclair and Antler continues to draw
participants. Tundra, the major operator, has made great strides
over the last year, drilling almost 200 wells and increasing
production almost by 6000 bopd in the Sinclair Field and
other areas during the year 2005. The Sinclair Field has now
spilled over into Saskatchewan. The new wells are transforming
the landscape, and filling in blanks on well location maps,
making this the busiest drilling year in Manitoba since 1955,
when the Virden Field was being drilled up. The activity is
awakening the town of Sinclair, which was a stressed farming
community fighting the effects of the BSE crisis and low grain
Porosity Permeability Cross-Plot
100
10
Permeability (mD)
y = 0.0431e 24.948x
1
0
0 0.1 0.2
Porosity (Fraction)
SINCLAIR FIELD PHI-K PLOT
SW MANITOBA
FROM DAVIDSON & GOMPF, 2006
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
B40 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST

Normalized Sinclair Well Production Performance
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
32
28
Production bopd
Daily
24
20
16
12
Daily Production bopd
8
4
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Month
Figure 17- Normalized Production for a Sinclair Well
SINCLAIR WELLS - NORMALIZED PERFORMANCE
SW MANITOBA
MODIFIED FROM DAVISDON & GOMPF, 2006)
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
2003
Nbr of Wells (#)
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
2004
Time
16
2005
Monthly Oil
(bbl)
2.5E5
2.3E5
2.0E5
1.8E5
1.5E5
1.3E5
1.0E5
7.5E4
5.0E4
2.5E4
0
2006
Cum Oil/Cnd (bbl):
Cum Gas (mcf):
Cum Wtr (bbl):
1172671
0
354048
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
SINCLAIR FIELD PRODUCTION HISTORY
SW MANITOBA
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B41

EXPLORATION REVIEW
T9
T8
T7
R31
1 1
1
2
7 8 9 1
0
11
1
2
7 8
9
10
11
1
2
7 8 9
10
1
1
J
D
J J
JG
A E E
G
G
A G
A A C E E A
I
G
G
2
A A E1
A E 6
5
4
3
2
1
6
J 5
A 4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
A A A
A
Ryerson
A E
G
A A E
A A
A A A A G
G
A
E
JI J A
E
35
36
3 1
32
3 3
3 4
35
E 3
6
A
31
32
33
A 34
35
36
3 1
3 2
3 3
3
4
3
5
A A
A Sinclair
V E
E J
A A
A
A A A
A
G
26
25
A 30
29
28
27
26
25
C A 30
A A
A
29
28
27
A
A
26
25
30
29
28
27
26
GJ
A
A A A A
G
V
G
E A A A E
G A
A
ANTLER
A
E
E
A A A A A A A A A A E A
A A
C
E
2 3
2
4
E
A A A
1 9
2 0
2
1
2 2
2 3
2
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A 1 9
A A
20
A C A A A
21
A
A
1 9
2 0
2
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22
23
24
22
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3
A A A A A A A A
G
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A A A A A
A
G
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A
A A A
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A A A A A A E A E E A A A
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14
13
18
17
G 16
15
A 14
A 13
E A
18
A 17
A
A A A 16
A A GA
E E
E A
15 A 14
A A A
G
13
18
17
16
15
14
G
IE
A E
A
C
A A A A E A A E A E A E A A A
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G E E E A A A E A A A A E A A A A A E A A E A G
A
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A E E E A A A A A A A A A A A E A A E E A A A A A A A A A
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1 1
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8
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G G E G
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Frys A A A GE
A A E A A A E A E A A A A A A A EA
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A A A E
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A A E A C E A A A A E AE
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East
AE
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V
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AG E A E A A E A A A A A A A A A E A
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6
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32
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S
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A A A A E
A
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26
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E
E
E E 30
SI G 29
A G J28
27
26
25
G30
29
28
27
A A26
25
30
29
28
27
26
I
E
E G A S
G
E
E V
E V
A A A A E E A G
G
E A
V
G G G
E E JV
GE
EV
E G A A A A
G
G
E
A A
EUE
A A E A
2 3
J
2
4
1 9
2 0
2 1
22
I 23
2
4
1 9
20
G
21
22
A
G
23
A 2
4
A A A A A 1 9
2 0
2 1
2
2
2
3
G
G
I A A
G
J
J
E A
G
A
J G
G
A E
E
14
13
18
17
16
15
14
13
E 18
17
16
15
A
A
14
13
18
17
16
G
15
14
G
A A
A
G
A A
A
G
A
A E E VA
A
1 1
1
2
7 8 E
9
10
11
1
2
A
7 8
9
10
11
1
2
7 8
9 10
1
1
G J
A
A
C
A
2
1
6
5
G 4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
E C
G
A
G
E E E
G
E
G G
G
3 4
35
3
6
G
EUV
3 1
32
3 3
34
35
3
6
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 5
3
6
G
3 1
G 3 2
3
3
3
4
E
G
E V
E
G
A E
R31
R30
R30
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
R31 R30 R29
R28W1
R29
R29
R28W1
R28W1
T9
T8
T7
T9
T8
T7
Largest: 30000.0 bbl
(diameter size is 7.00mm)
Smallest: 300.0 bbl
(diameter size is 1.00mm)
Base map generated with IHS Energy AccuMap
Canadian
DiscoveryLtd.
CUMULATIVE BAKKEN WELL PRODUCTION
SINCLAIR FIELD, SW MANITOBA
prices before the play started to unfold. Helen Dittmer, 68,
is an area resident who stands to make more than $1 million
this year in royalties, and probably triple or quadruple that
next year, from wells on her 320-hectare property. But more
importantly, the Bakken production edges have yet to be
defined or encountered. The play could easily turn out to
be a large, long life, light oil trend with a vast area yet to
develop, requiring continuous drilling that will stimulate the
local economy for years to come.
B42 VOLUME 5 2006 CANADIAN DISCOVERY DIGEST

eferences
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
Daily Oil Bulletin 2006
Richard Macedo “Steady Growth Expected For Horizontal Drilling”
James Mahony “EOR, Light Oil Plays Keeping Saskatchewan Oilpatch Busy”
Davidson, Holly and Gompf, Kathryn 2006 “SINCLAIR BAKKEN-THREE FORKS
DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW” Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines
http://www.gov.mb.ca/iedm/petroleum/pubcat/sinclair.pdf
Walker, Bill 2006: “Elm Coulee Oil Field (Middle Bakken Dolomite), Richland County, Montana” Presentation to 14th
Williston Basin Petroleum Conference.
http://www.state.nd.us/ndgs/wbpc/pdf/Bill_WALKER.pdf
Grand Banks Energy Website 2006
http://www.grandbanksenergy.com/
Magnus Energy Website 2006
http://www.magnusenergyinc.com/
Barchyn, Dan 2005 Bakken/Torquay Development: A Manitoba Update 13th WILLISTON BASIN PETROLEUM CONFERENCE
http://www.gov.mb.ca/iedm/mrd/geo/willistontgi/downloads/bakkenpres.pdf
Caplan, Mark L. and Bustin, R. Marc 1998 “Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of Devonian-Carboniferous strata,
southern Alberta” Bulletin Of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 46, No. 4 pp 487-514
Smith, Mark G. and Bustin, R. Marc 1996 “Lithofacies and paleoenvironments of the Upper Devonian and Lower
Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin” Bulletin Of Canadian Petroleum Geology Vol. 44, No. 3, pp 495-507
Fox, J.N., and Martiniuk, C.D., 1994. Reservoir Characteristics and Petroleum Potential of the Bakken Formation,
Southwestern Manitoba. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. Vol 33, No.8, pgs 19-27.
Martiniuk, C.D., 1988. Regional Geology and Petroleum Potential of the Bakken Formation, Southwestern Manitoba.
Manitoba Energy and Mines, Petroleum Branch. Petroleum Open File Report POF 8-88. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Christopher, J.E., 1961. “Transitional Devonian-Mississippian formations of southern Saskatchewan.” Saskatchewan Dept.
Min. Res. Rept. 66.
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B43

eferences
BAKKEN LIGHT OIL
Daily Oil Bulletin 2006
Richard Macedo “Steady Growth Expected For Horizontal Drilling”
James Mahony “EOR, Light Oil Plays Keeping Saskatchewan Oilpatch Busy”
Davidson, Holly and Gompf, Kathryn 2006 “SINCLAIR BAKKEN-THREE FORKS
DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW” Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines
http://www.gov.mb.ca/iedm/petroleum/pubcat/sinclair.pdf
Walker, Bill 2006: “Elm Coulee Oil Field (Middle Bakken Dolomite), Richland County, Montana” Presentation to 14th
Williston Basin Petroleum Conference.
http://www.state.nd.us/ndgs/wbpc/pdf/Bill_WALKER.pdf
Grand Banks Energy Website 2006
http://www.grandbanksenergy.com/
Magnus Energy Website 2006
http://www.magnusenergyinc.com/
Barchyn, Dan 2005 Bakken/Torquay Development: A Manitoba Update 13th WILLISTON BASIN PETROLEUM CONFERENCE
http://www.gov.mb.ca/iedm/mrd/geo/willistontgi/downloads/bakkenpres.pdf
Caplan, Mark L. and Bustin, R. Marc 1998 “Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of Devonian-Carboniferous strata,
southern Alberta” Bulletin Of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 46, No. 4 pp 487-514
Smith, Mark G. and Bustin, R. Marc 1996 “Lithofacies and paleoenvironments of the Upper Devonian and Lower
Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin” Bulletin Of Canadian Petroleum Geology Vol. 44, No. 3, pp 495-507
Fox, J.N., and Martiniuk, C.D., 1994. Reservoir Characteristics and Petroleum Potential of the Bakken Formation,
Southwestern Manitoba. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. Vol 33, No.8, pgs 19-27.
Martiniuk, C.D., 1988. Regional Geology and Petroleum Potential of the Bakken Formation, Southwestern Manitoba.
Manitoba Energy and Mines, Petroleum Branch. Petroleum Open File Report POF 8-88. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Christopher, J.E., 1961. “Transitional Devonian-Mississippian formations of southern Saskatchewan.” Saskatchewan Dept.
Min. Res. Rept. 66.
WWW.CANADIANDISCOVERY.COM
B43