Evaluation of the Ticket To Work Program - Mathematica Policy ...

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xii Chapter Page XVI CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS............................................................. 249 Contents A. KEY FINDINGS RELATED TO MARKET OPERATION .......................................250 1. Beneficiary Demand for Employment Services......................................250 2. The Supply <strong>of</strong> Employment Services........................................................252 3. TTW Market Implementation....................................................................254 B. IMPACTS OF TTW ON BENEFICIARY BEHAVIOR..............................................255 C. THE FUTURE OF THE TTW MARKET.................................................................258 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................261 APPENDICES (bound under separate cover) APPENDIX A: TICKET TO WORK TIMELINE AND ROLLOUT PHASE (also included in this volume for easy reference) APPENDIX B: NATIONAL BENEFICIARY SURVEY DATA TABLES AND ANALYSES APPENDIX C: BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION STATISTICS APPENDIX D: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF TICKET TO WORK APPENDIX E: DEFINING THE ADEQUACY OF INCENTIVES (AOI) GROUPS USING SURVEY AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
E XHIBITS Exhibit Page I.1 POPULATIONS AND TIME PERIODS COVERED BY DATABASES USED IN THE EVALUATION ...........................................................................................10 II.1 PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS OF 2004 NBS RESPONDENTS AT INTERVIEW .................................................................................................................13 II.2 SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BENEFICIARIES ..................................14 II.3 AGE AT DISABILITY ONSET AND MOST PREVALENT SELF-REPORTED CONDITION(S) CAUSING ACTIVITY LIMITATION.......................................................17 II.4 DISTRIBUTIONS OF CONDITION GROUPS IN ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AND SELF-REPORTED SURVEY DATA, AND RATES OF CONCURRENCE A ................18 II.5 PERCENT OF BENEFICIARIES WHO HAVE DIFFICULTY WITH A GIVEN NUMBER OF ADLS/IADLS...........................................................................19 II.6 PREVALENCE OF DIFFICULTY PERFORMING SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES.........................20 II.7 CURRENT GENERAL HEALTH AND CURRENT HEALTH COMPARED TO LAST YEAR..................................................................................................................21 II.8 BENEFICIARY EMPLOYMENT.........................................................................................22 II.9 REASON(S) FOR NOT WORKING AMONG THOSE NOT WORKING AT INTERVIEW .................................................................................................................23 II.10 EXPECTATIONS ABOUT FUTURE EMPLOYMENT ........................................................24
Page 1 and 2: Contract No.: 0600-03-60130 MPR Ref
Page 3 and 4: A CKNOWLEDGMENTS This report reflec
Page 5 and 6: C ONTENTS Chapter Page ACRONYMS ...
Page 7 and 8: Chapter Page V (CONTINUED) B. SERVI
Page 9 and 10: Chapter Page X (CONTINUED) B. RECEN
Page 11: Chapter Page XIII (CONTINUED) 4. Lo
Page 15 and 16: Exhibit Page IV.4 AGENCIES AND INDI
Page 17 and 18: Exhibit Page VI.7 OCCUPATION AND IN
Page 19 and 20: Exhibit Page X.2 REVENUES AND TICKE
Page 21 and 22: A CRONYMS The following acronyms ar
Page 23 and 24: E XECUTIVE S UMMARY The Ticket to W
Page 25 and 26: Beneficiary Demand for Employment S
Page 27 and 28: xxvii obtain Tickets from many of t
Page 29 and 30: IMPACTS OF TTW ON BENEFICIARY BEHAV
Page 31 and 32: xxxi Furthermore, the changes sough
Page 33 and 34: C HAPTER I I NTRODUCTION The Ticket
Page 35 and 36: operating capital and introducing a
Page 37 and 38: 4. Extended Medicare Coverage. Medi
Page 39 and 40: serve beneficiaries whom they think
Page 41 and 42: procedures that accommodate the nee
Page 43 and 44: C HAPTER II C HARACTERISTICS OF W O
Page 45 and 46: eport receiving any other non-SSA c
Page 47 and 48: Many beneficiaries have characteris
Page 49 and 50: Exhibit II.3. Age at Disability Ons
Page 51 and 52: Exhibit II.5. Percent of Beneficiar
Page 53 and 54: Exhibit II.7. Current General Healt
Page 55 and 56: for not working, although many more
Page 57 and 58: Phase 1 states where TTW had been f
Page 59 and 60: 3. School Enrollment and Degree-See
Page 61 and 62: program like TTW could address. Whe
Page 63 and 64:
C HAPTER III B ENEFICIARY P ARTICIP
Page 65 and 66:
stands out as a particularly import
Page 67 and 68:
the beginning of each rollout, rate
Page 69 and 70:
a substantial difference between th
Page 71 and 72:
Exhibit III.4. Percentage of Benefi
Page 73 and 74:
in-use Tickets were under the tradi
Page 75 and 76:
period 8 to 15 months after the sta
Page 77 and 78:
South Dakota’s participation rate
Page 79 and 80:
• Was already using one of the wo
Page 81 and 82:
those with less than a high school
Page 83 and 84:
fact that such individuals have ent
Page 85 and 86:
experienced disability onset at age
Page 87 and 88:
C HAPTER IV E XPERIENCES OF TTW PAR
Page 89 and 90:
• Most had positive experiences w
Page 91 and 92:
some information on ENs before assi
Page 93 and 94:
Exhibit IV.5. Participant Awareness
Page 95 and 96:
designated in their individualized
Page 97 and 98:
cited problems with both types of p
Page 99 and 100:
Exhibit IV.12. Participants’ Pers
Page 101 and 102:
C HAPTER V E XPERIENCES OF TTW PART
Page 103 and 104:
participants were aware that they h
Page 105 and 106:
Exhibit V.2. Selected Reasons for U
Page 107 and 108:
procedures), but TTW service users
Page 109 and 110:
C. SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND DEGREE-SEE
Page 111 and 112:
Exhibit V.8. Phase 1 Beneficiaries
Page 113 and 114:
Exhibit V.9. Service Use Among Bene
Page 115 and 116:
Exhibit V.11. Types of Services Use
Page 117 and 118:
C HAPTER VI E XPERIENCES OF TTW PAR
Page 119 and 120:
have the same level of alternative
Page 121 and 122:
Exhibit VI.1. Employment Rates for
Page 123 and 124:
Exhibit VI.3. Benefits Associated w
Page 125 and 126:
pipeline cases in terms of characte
Page 127 and 128:
Exhibit VI.7. Occupation and Indust
Page 129 and 130:
Exhibit VI.9. Employer-Provided Acc
Page 131 and 132:
Exhibit VI.11. Job Satisfaction Amo
Page 133 and 134:
C HAPTER VII N ONPARTICIPATION IN T
Page 135 and 136:
percentage of beneficiaries worked
Page 137 and 138:
somewhat higher Section 1619(b) use
Page 139 and 140:
Exhibit VII.4. Rates of Unsuccessfu
Page 141 and 142:
children living with them. They are
Page 143 and 144:
Exhibit VII.6. Simulated Probabilit
Page 145 and 146:
The above discussion is not intende
Page 147 and 148:
C HAPTER VIII E MPLOYMENT N ETWORK
Page 149 and 150:
e an “unpopular” program. In ou
Page 151 and 152:
Exhibit VIII.3. Ticket Assignments
Page 153 and 154:
Exhibit VIII.6. Effective Provider
Page 155 and 156:
Exhibit VIII.8. Distribution of EN
Page 157 and 158:
This analysis is limited to earning
Page 159 and 160:
In 2003, SSA introduced the Certifi
Page 161 and 162:
C HAPTER IX E MPLOYMENT N ETWORK R
Page 163 and 164:
eneficiary assigning a Ticket. Howe
Page 165 and 166:
payments, we estimate that follow-u
Page 167 and 168:
for each additional outcome payment
Page 169 and 170:
Exhibit IX.3. Comparison of Current
Page 171 and 172:
percent of the average benefit, kee
Page 173 and 174:
• An EN could break even by reduc
Page 175 and 176:
Exhibit IX.4. Hypothetical EN Reven
Page 177 and 178:
72 percent, increasing revenue by 1
Page 179 and 180:
would have to place into employment
Page 181 and 182:
C HAPTER X E XPERIENCE OF S ELECTED
Page 183 and 184:
2. Financing TTW For nearly all of
Page 185 and 186:
employment services) did not expand
Page 187 and 188:
that would reduce their costs and/o
Page 189 and 190:
Of the remaining 11 ENs, 4 have acc
Page 191 and 192:
3. Funding and Services In general,
Page 193 and 194:
Exhibit X.1. EN Revenues per Ticket
Page 195 and 196:
the rest away is the most essential
Page 197 and 198:
consistently has trouble obtaining
Page 199 and 200:
practices may be worth considering,
Page 201 and 202:
C HAPTER XI E XPERIENCE OF S TATE V
Page 203 and 204:
• Priority category one includes
Page 205 and 206:
Ticket until they know whether the
Page 207 and 208:
may only check in with the client q
Page 209 and 210:
Claims Allowed The number of benefi
Page 211 and 212:
counselors, emphasizing its own eli
Page 213 and 214:
traditional system—a feature in o
Page 215 and 216:
C HAPTER XII TTW PROGRAM I MPLEMENT
Page 217 and 218:
office had more experience processi
Page 219 and 220:
eneficiaries, down from 65,000 to 7
Page 221 and 222:
C. INFORMING PROVIDERS To increase
Page 223 and 224:
The Program Manager has produced tw
Page 225 and 226:
1. Training and Technical Assistanc
Page 227 and 228:
verification, store EN data, and ge
Page 229 and 230:
ehabilitation services. The TTW leg
Page 231 and 232:
C HAPTER XIII TTW OUTCOMES AND I MP
Page 233 and 234:
Additionally, the relatively small
Page 235 and 236:
included an upper age restriction t
Page 237 and 238:
Exhibit XIII.2. Summary of Outcome
Page 239 and 240:
were living in states where TTW had
Page 241 and 242:
D. IMPACTS ON SERVICE ENROLLMENT Th
Page 243 and 244:
The aggregate upper-bound estimates
Page 245 and 246:
eneficiaries (approximately 10 perc
Page 247 and 248:
earlier cohorts indicate the presen
Page 249 and 250:
The opportunities for generating ad
Page 251 and 252:
C HAPTER XIV P AYMENTS M ADE U NDER
Page 253 and 254:
We do not have any data on the exte
Page 255 and 256:
those with no payments) was $258. S
Page 257 and 258:
cohorts. Also considered are the di
Page 259 and 260:
earnings at a level that would redu
Page 261 and 262:
in that group. Each graph shows the
Page 263 and 264:
Exhibit XIV.7. Tickets with Payment
Page 265 and 266:
Even if the percentage of participa
Page 267 and 268:
C HAPTER XV TTW PARTICIPATION BY B
Page 269 and 270:
provider and payment types to which
Page 271 and 272:
cost accommodations. Appendix E sho
Page 273 and 274:
Exhibit XV.2. Selected Beneficiary
Page 275 and 276:
1 and 2 differ in some important re
Page 277 and 278:
etardation as a condition causing l
Page 279 and 280:
Exhibit XV.5 clearly shows the rela
Page 281 and 282:
C HAPTER XVI C ONCLUSIONS AND I MPL
Page 283 and 284:
difference might reflect unrealisti
Page 285 and 286:
TTW has not yet substantially expan
Page 287 and 288:
SSA’s proposed new regulations of
Page 289 and 290:
the administrative and other effort
Page 291 and 292:
oll out gradually over the period,
Page 293 and 294:
R EFERENCES Adequacy of Incentives
Page 295 and 296:
Mashaw, Jerry L., and Virginia P. R
Page 297 and 298:
White, Justin S., William E. Black,
Page 299 and 300:
A PPENDIX A T ICKET TO W ORK T IMEL
Page 301:
Table A.2. States and Territories I
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