Jaret Heise
Jaret Heise
Jaret Heise
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Sanford Underground<br />
Research Facility<br />
<strong>Jaret</strong> <strong>Heise</strong><br />
Science Director<br />
VII International Conference on Interconnections<br />
Between Particle Physics and Cosmology (PPC2013)<br />
Deadwood, SD<br />
July 13, 2013 (aka Neutrino Day!)<br />
Figure Courtesy<br />
PDG and LBNL<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility 1 Homestake DUSEL
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
!!<br />
!"#$%&'(%<br />
)*(#+%&,-".#/%<br />
12+2(,3%&#$(#3%<br />
0,++%<br />
&,-".#/%<br />
186 acres (surface)<br />
7700 acres (underground)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
2
SURF Underground Levels<br />
600 km tunnels from the surface to 8000 feet deep<br />
Yates<br />
Shaft<br />
Ross<br />
Shaft<br />
Oro Hondo<br />
#5 Shaft<br />
(ventilation)<br />
4850L<br />
(4300 mwe)<br />
#6 Winze<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
3
SURF Chronology: 2006-2013<br />
2006 Homestake donates mine. T. Denny Sanford donates $70M.<br />
2007 NSF selects Homestake to be the DUSEL.<br />
2008 Ross Shaft reentry and underground dewatering begin.<br />
2009 Yates Shaft reentry and construction on 4850 Level begin.<br />
2010 Davis Campus excavation completed. NSB terminates DUSEL funding.<br />
2011 Davis Campus outfitting begins. DOE funds operations at $15M / year.<br />
2012 Davis Campus completed. LUX and MAJORANA experiments deploy<br />
underground for assembly. Ross Shaft refurbishment begins.<br />
2013 LUX begins dark matter search. MAJORANA begins data collection.<br />
Designs advance for LBNE and LZ experiments. DIANA site selected.<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
4
Current SURF Activities – Four Main Areas<br />
• Sustaining maintenance and operations<br />
– Dewatering<br />
– Safe access to the underground<br />
– Maintaining infrastructure investments<br />
• Facility improvements and rehabilitation<br />
– Ross Shaft Rehabilitation, incl steel replacement<br />
• Integrating Science program<br />
– 4850L Davis Campus facility operations<br />
– Large Underground Xenon (LUX) and MAJORANA<br />
DEMONSTRATOR (MJD) experiment installation and data taking<br />
– Center for Ultra-Low Background Experiments in the Dakotas<br />
(CUBED) low-background counter installation + other projects<br />
• Planning for next generation experiments<br />
– Next generation dark matter (LZ) experiment<br />
– Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE)<br />
– Dual Ion Accelerator for Nuclear Astrophysics (DIANA)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Ross Shaft Rehabilitation<br />
Replacing aging shaft steel to enable future operations & construction<br />
• Removing old steel. Installing new ground support and ~6M<br />
pounds of new shaft steel."<br />
• As of July 9, 2013, new steel installed to 772ʼ mark"<br />
• Currently projecting a June 2017 completion"<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
6
SURF Dewatering Status<br />
Holding Water Elevation at ~6000’ as of April 2012<br />
4000<br />
Pumps on<br />
June 5, 2008<br />
1000-1300 gpm outflow,<br />
~700 gpm inflow<br />
Homestake Level (Feet Below Surface)<br />
5000<br />
6000<br />
7000<br />
8000<br />
Pumps off<br />
June 10, 2003<br />
Homestake 4850L<br />
Homestake 7400L<br />
Mid 2013<br />
Homestake 8000L<br />
Late 2013<br />
Homestake 4850L<br />
Dry May 13, 2009<br />
Current Water Level = 5825’<br />
(as of July 12, 2013)<br />
Holding at ~6000’<br />
-3000 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500<br />
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014<br />
Time (Days)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
7<br />
Updated: Jul 17, 2012
Current SURF Science Program<br />
Physics LUX-350 Dark Matter<br />
MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR 0νββ<br />
CUBED Low-Bkgd Counting,<br />
Bkgd Characterization [1,2]<br />
(possibly Crystal Growth in future)<br />
DIANA Neutron backgrounds<br />
LBNE Cleanliness tests<br />
DUGL Seismic characterization [3]<br />
Geology GEOX TM Optical fiber applications,<br />
tiltmeters for deformation [4]<br />
Hydro Gravity Local gravity for<br />
water tables, densities<br />
PODS Petrology, ore deposits,<br />
structure<br />
Transparent Earth Seismic arrays<br />
Biology Biodiversity BHSU, SDSMT [5,6]<br />
Biofuels SDSMT [7,8,9]<br />
Bioprocessing R&D SDSMT<br />
Syngas/Biofuels SDSMT<br />
Engineering None currently, but interest from<br />
geothermal, Xilinx<br />
Previous include:<br />
- Signal Propagation<br />
- Submersible<br />
Other<br />
(Site<br />
Cummingtonite Geology (NSSGA)<br />
Vertical Array Geophysics (SJSU)<br />
Selection THMCB Geology (NSF S4)<br />
Only) Fracture Group Geology (NSF S4)<br />
EcoHydro Group Geology (NSF S4)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Total Active = ~14 groups<br />
(Plus Others)<br />
Peer-reviewed publications denoted by [ ]<br />
8
Researcher Effort at SURF<br />
4000<br />
LUX<br />
30<br />
2500<br />
Majorana<br />
30<br />
3500<br />
25<br />
2000<br />
25<br />
3000<br />
Person Hours<br />
2500<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
Average Onsite Personnel<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
5<br />
500<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Aug-10<br />
Oct-10<br />
Dec-10<br />
Feb-11<br />
Apr-11<br />
Jun-11<br />
Aug-11<br />
Oct-11<br />
Dec-11<br />
Feb-12<br />
Apr-12<br />
Jun-12<br />
Aug-12<br />
Oct-12<br />
Dec-12<br />
Feb-13<br />
Apr-13<br />
Jun-13<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Nov-10<br />
Jan-11<br />
Mar-11<br />
May-11<br />
Jul-11<br />
Sep-11<br />
Nov-11<br />
Jan-12<br />
Mar-12<br />
May-12<br />
Jul-12<br />
Sep-12<br />
Nov-12<br />
Jan-13<br />
Mar-13<br />
May-13<br />
0<br />
Surface Underground Onsite Personnel<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Surface Underground Onsite Personnel<br />
9
SURF Current Science Laboratories<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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SURF Science Infrastructure<br />
4850L Ross Campus<br />
Backup Power<br />
Generator<br />
17 Ledge<br />
Fire<br />
Door<br />
Fire<br />
Door<br />
MAJORANA<br />
Electroforming<br />
Lab<br />
Fire<br />
Door<br />
Electrical<br />
Station<br />
Ross<br />
Shaft<br />
Governor’s<br />
Corner<br />
Fire Door<br />
North<br />
Davis Campus<br />
(~1000 m)<br />
Area of<br />
Refuge<br />
#6 Winze<br />
75 m<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Ross Campus: MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR<br />
Copper Electroforming Laboratory<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Ross Campus: MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR<br />
Copper Electroforming Laboratory<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Davis Campus Open for Science<br />
$15.2M South Dakota Commitment to Davis Campus Development<br />
– $1.8M design (CNA Consulting Engineers)<br />
– $4.8M excavation & shotcrete (SDSTA performed)<br />
– $8.6M outfitting (Ainsworth-Benning Construction general contractor, local subs)<br />
– 9,979 ft 2 laboratory space; 29,402 ft 2 total Davis Campus footprint<br />
– Timeline:<br />
• Sep 2009 – Jan 2011: Excavation performed in-house (16,632 tonnes excavated)<br />
• Jan 2011 – Jun 2011: Shotcrete (1,264 – 2,000 lb bags)<br />
• Jun 2011: Outfitting contractor mobilized<br />
• May 2012: Substantial completion (Dedication May 30)<br />
• Jul 2012: Final occupancy<br />
• Zero lost-time injuries<br />
Davis Campus 3D Laser Scan"<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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SURF Science Infrastructure<br />
4850L Davis Campus: 2,732 m 2 (Total) / 927 m 2 (Science)<br />
Ross Shaft<br />
(~1000 m)<br />
MAJORANA Lab/Transition<br />
43m (L) x 16m (W) x 5m (H)<br />
LUX Lab/Davis Cavern<br />
18m (L) x 11m (W) x 13m (H)<br />
Cryogen Storage<br />
New Access Tunnel<br />
(~100 m to Davis Cavern)<br />
Generator<br />
Water<br />
Purification<br />
Electrical Substation,<br />
Chiller<br />
Yates Shaft<br />
Cryogen Storage<br />
50 m<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Transition Area in September 2009<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Transition Area in September 2010<br />
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Transition Area in March 2012<br />
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MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR<br />
Machining Electroformed Copper<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR<br />
Detector Location, Glovebox, Cryostat<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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LUX at the Davis Campus (Upper Level)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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LUX at the Davis Campus (Lower Level)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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CUBED: Center for Ultra-Low Experiments in Dakotas<br />
Low-Background Counting<br />
High-purity Ge counter: 1.2 kg crystal, 0.01-0.1 ppb sensitivity to U/Th<br />
Initial installation<br />
Initial operation<br />
(Bare crystal)<br />
Current operation<br />
(Cu shielding + N 2 purge)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
23
CUBED: Center for Ultra-Low Experiments in Dakotas<br />
Initial gamma-ray spectrum (successive shielding)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility 24
SURF Science Support – Meetings<br />
MJD<br />
LUX<br />
CUBED<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility 25
SURF Science Support – IT<br />
• Site Bandwidth<br />
– Inter-campus communication = 100-1000 Mbps<br />
– “Internet1” (commodity) = 1 Gbps<br />
– “Internet2” (research/REED) = 10 Gbps<br />
[expandable]<br />
• Data Throughput (not incl backups to offsite)<br />
– 2012: 21.8 TB transferred in/out<br />
– 2013: 81.1 TB (so far!) transferred in/out<br />
! 74.5 TB via Internet2<br />
! ~1.5 TB/day currently<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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SURF Science Support – Liquid Nitrogen<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
27
SURF Science Support – Radon Monitoring<br />
Davis Campus Radon Levels Since July 2012<br />
Average Radon Concentration (Bq/m 3 )<br />
1500<br />
1250<br />
1000<br />
750<br />
500<br />
250<br />
0<br />
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360<br />
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
https://docs.sanfordlab.org/<br />
docushare/dsweb/View/Wiki-86<br />
Oro Hondo Maintenance<br />
(Aug 14)<br />
Average Since Oct<br />
= 249 Bq/m 3<br />
Low Baseline<br />
= ~150 Bq/m 3<br />
Rn Spikes Correlated with<br />
Covering Yates Shaft<br />
Jan<br />
Time (days)<br />
4850L Davis Campus<br />
MJD Eforming Room<br />
MJD Detector Room<br />
Common Corridor<br />
Total Average<br />
= 306 Bq/m 3<br />
Ventilation<br />
Fan Change?<br />
(incl baseline<br />
shift)<br />
Feb Mar Apr May Jun<br />
Jul<br />
Updated June 27, 2013<br />
28
SURF Science Support – Geology Model<br />
• 3D model of seven main rock formations<br />
• Detailed surface topology<br />
• Compiling rock geo-chemistry and density data from variety of<br />
sources<br />
• Working to increase model extent (~99% muon flux)<br />
• Slicing cone to give<br />
geology as function<br />
of angle<br />
Representation of 3D cone of rock<br />
above 4850L Davis Campus<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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Path Forward for Future Physics Experiments<br />
• Dark Matter<br />
– G1 LUX (0.35T) and potential upgrades<br />
– G2 LZ (8-9T) using existing infrastructure<br />
– G3 (>10T) in a new Lab Module<br />
• Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay<br />
– G1 and Electroforming Lab for MJD<br />
– Tonne-scale expt. in a new Lab Module<br />
• Identifying additional space<br />
suitable for R&D (surface &<br />
underground)<br />
G2 Dark Matter: LZ 8-9 tonnes LXe<br />
(5-6 fiducial)<br />
• Nuclear Astrophysics<br />
– DIANA near 4850L Ross Shaft<br />
• Long Baseline Neutrino Expt.<br />
(LBNE), Proton Decay, and ancillary<br />
neutrino measurements<br />
Multi-function Lab Module:<br />
G3 Dark Matter, Tonne-scale 0!""<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
30
SURF R&D Space – Surface<br />
• Surface Laboratory:<br />
− 190 m 2 lab space (lower 3 levels not fully developed)<br />
− Cleanroom (~37 m 2 incl anteroom, 9’ ceiling, Class ~1000)<br />
− Water shield tank (~25 m 3 , ~3-m diameter)<br />
− Communications, network<br />
• Other options possible, but will require some preparation/rehab<br />
Main area, hatch covers opening to water<br />
tank<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
LBNE/LZ cleanliness tests (SDSMT)<br />
31
SURF R&D Space – Underground<br />
• Davis Campus and Vicinity:<br />
− Inside Davis Campus clean space, Lower Davis room: ~17 m 2<br />
(14’ ceiling height)<br />
− Two cutouts outside clean space: ~33-50 m 2 (with 12’ avg ceiling height)<br />
• Working to formalize these and other options for community<br />
Near Davis Campus entrance, sprinklers,<br />
concrete floor, power/network installed<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Near decline to Water Purification room,<br />
less developed, services easy to install<br />
32
SURF Current & Future Science Program<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
33
Looking to the Future<br />
Protecting South Dakota’s Investment<br />
SURF Scientific Program 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040<br />
Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay<br />
Majorana Demonstrator<br />
1-Tonne Experiment<br />
Dark Matter<br />
LUX (Xe)<br />
LZ (Xe) (Generation 2)<br />
Generation 3<br />
2<br />
0 4<br />
4<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
Long Baseline Neutrino<br />
LBNE Phase I<br />
1 2 3<br />
4<br />
Nuclear Astrophysics<br />
DIANA (proposal to NSF)<br />
Low Background Counting<br />
CUBED<br />
Education and Outreach<br />
SDSTA's E&O Program<br />
Major Facility Projects (SDSTA)<br />
Shaft Rehabilitation<br />
E&O Facility<br />
Possible Laboratory Module<br />
!"##$%&'($<br />
)'*+#$%&'($<br />
R&D and Construction<br />
Commissioning and Operation<br />
Critical Decision Milestones: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
4<br />
Updated:<br />
Apr-2013<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
34
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
35
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Thank You!<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
36
Science Personnel<br />
127 Full-Time Personnel (+ 20 part-time), 10 Departments<br />
Mark Hanhardt (MS)! Experiment Support Scientist<br />
- Davis Campus science support<br />
David Taylor (BSME,PE)! Expt Review Engineer<br />
- Readiness reviews, cryo safety<br />
Dana Byram (MS)! Experiment Support Scientist<br />
- Davis Campus science support<br />
Robyn Varland! Lab Custodian<br />
- Maintain cleanliness at Davis Campus<br />
<strong>Jaret</strong> <strong>Heise</strong> (PhD)! Director<br />
- Manage science implementation and programs<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
37
Science Program by Level<br />
14 Active Groups Plus Others; Bold Names are Active Installations<br />
Surface<br />
300L<br />
800L<br />
1250L<br />
1700L<br />
2000L<br />
LUX-350 Detector assembly, IT<br />
LBNE Cleanliness tests<br />
Bkgd Char Gamma, muon, Rn<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
Microclimate/SUL Temp, precip<br />
Vertical Fac Mag field, Ross/Yates<br />
Hydro Gravity Site markers<br />
PODS Core archive<br />
Transparent Earth Core archive<br />
DUGL Low-freq seismometer<br />
Bkgd Char Rn<br />
Signal Prop EM prop in drifts<br />
Biodiversity Baseline samples<br />
DUGL Low-freq seismometer<br />
Bkgd Char Gamma, muon, Rn,<br />
neutron, Pb storage<br />
CO 2 Sequestration Env monitor<br />
MAJORANA Pb, Cu storage<br />
PODS Geologic mapping<br />
Microclimate/SUL Temp, humidity<br />
Bkgd Char/SUL Rn<br />
Lignocellulose Bio samples<br />
Transparent Earth Seismo/tilt (x2)<br />
2000L<br />
(cont)<br />
2600L<br />
3350L<br />
4100L<br />
GEOX TM Tiltmeters (x3), climate<br />
DUGL Low-freq seismometer (x2)<br />
Bkgd Char Gamma, Rn, muon<br />
Biodiversity Seeps, fungus (multi)<br />
CO 2 Sequestration/SUL Env monitor<br />
Microclimate/SUL Temp, humid (x2)<br />
Utah/SUL Extensometers<br />
DUGL Low-freq seismometer (x2)<br />
GEOX TM Optical extens, temp<br />
Transparent Earth (x2) Seismo/tilt<br />
Biology (x2) Seeps, soil<br />
DIANA Neutron background<br />
4550L Biofuels Soil samples<br />
GEOX TM Hydrology<br />
Bkgd Char Gamma, Rn<br />
Bio-Manifold Pump water<br />
4850L MAJORANA Cu eforming, Pb, 0!""<br />
5000L<br />
LUX-350 Dark matter<br />
GEOX TM Hydrology, tiltmeters<br />
CO 2 Sequestration Env monitor<br />
Biology (x6) Seeps, soil, core holes<br />
Bkgd Char/SUL Rn, gamma, x-ray<br />
Biofuels Soil, water samples<br />
38
SURF Current Science Program<br />
Publications<br />
[1] Mei, Zhang, Thomas, Gray, Astroparticle Physics 34, 33-39 (2010)<br />
[2] Gray, Ruybal, Totushek, Mei, Thomas, Zhang, Nuclear Instrumentation &<br />
Methods A 638, 63-66 (2011)<br />
[3] Harms et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, 225011 (2010)<br />
[4] Volk et al., Journal of Instrumentation 7, P01004 (2012)<br />
[5] Waddell, Elliott, Vahrenkamp, Roggenthen, Sani, Anderson, Bang,<br />
Environmental Technology, 31 (8-9), 979-991 (2010)<br />
[6] Rastogi, Muppidi, Gurram, Adhikari, Bischoff, Highes, Apel, Bang, Dixon, Sani,<br />
Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 36, 585-598 (2009)<br />
[7] Rastogi, Bhalla, Adhikari, Bischoff, Hughes, Christopher, Sani, Bioresource<br />
Technology, 101, 8798-8806 (2010)<br />
[8] Rastogi, Osman, Kukkadapu, Engelhard, Vaishampayan, Andersen, Sani,<br />
Microbial Ecology, 60 (3) 539-550 (2010)<br />
[9] Rastogi, Stetler, Peyton, Sani, Journal of Microbiology 47, 371-384 (2009)<br />
Plus others we may not be aware of!<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
39
SURF Science Infrastructure<br />
4850L Davis Campus: 2,732 m 2 (Total) / 927 m 2 (Science)<br />
Davis Cavern Upper<br />
Davis Cavern Lower<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
40
SURF Science Implementation<br />
Implementation Framework<br />
• Project Documentation:<br />
! Experimental Planning Statement (update as necessary)<br />
! Memorandum of Understanding (update as necessary)<br />
! General Services Agreement (update annually)<br />
! Insurance<br />
! Decommissioning Plan<br />
• EHS:<br />
! Critical procedures, hazard analysis, training<br />
! Chemical, electrical, radioactive source inventories<br />
• Review Process:<br />
! Small projects reviewed by Science/EHS + Subject Matter Experts<br />
! Large projects may also be reviewed by panel of experts<br />
• Laboratory Integration:<br />
! Advisory committees, internal evaluation<br />
! Policies, access, work planning/reporting, use of Lab resources<br />
• Authorization To Proceed<br />
! Lab Management (Headley/Lesko), recommendation (<strong>Heise</strong>), concurrence (Gantos)<br />
Sanford Underground Research Facility<br />
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