History-Evolution-of-Foot-and-Lower-Extremity-Biomechanics-and-Foot-Orthoses_Kevin-Kirby

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3/26/2015 Elftman thought that in the pronated foot major axis of TNJ (TN-1) was directly in line with CC-1: “allows the forepart of the foot to move freely with respect to hindpart without movement of the talus with respect to the calcaneus” Thought that MTJ axis changes in location as STJ rotates from pronated to supinated position: “In passing from pronated to supinated position there is a continuous change in positions of significant joint elements and, consequently, of instantaneous transverse tarsal axis.” Verne Thompson Inman Verne T. Inman, MD, PhD (1905-1980) began to research lower extremity biomechanics in 1957 at UC Berkeley due to need for better prostheses in post- WW II amputees His two books: The Joints of the Ankle and Human Walking are classics in foot and lower extremity biomechanics Verne T. Inman (1905-1980) Howard Davis Eberhart UC Biomechanics Lab Howard D. Eberhart was professor in civil engineering at UC Berkeley, when accident required BK amputation Verne Inman, professor of orthopedic surgery at UC Berkeley, was surgeon that amputated Eberhart’s leg in 1944 In order to research lower limb biomechanics and develop better prosthesis designs, Eberhart teamed with Inman and became director of Prosthetics Devices Research Project at UC Berkeley Dept. of Engineering Howard D. Eberhart (1906-1993) UCBL was center of research in foot and lower extremity biomechanics and prosthetics research from 1957 to 1974 at UCSF and UC Berkeley During its time, UCBL produced more research and notable researchers in foot and lower extremity biomechanics than any other in world Dr. Verne Inman (center), Professor Howard Eberhart (right), and W.H. Henderson (in wheelchair) in Biomechanics Laboratory at U.C. Berkeley. D. Gilbert Wright John B. Saunders Researcher at UC Biomechanics Lab who, in 1964, performed classic studies of range of motion of STJ during walking and on elastic properties of plantar fascia Wright DG, Desai SM, Henderson WH: Action of the subtalar and ankle-joint complex during the stance phase of walking. JBJS, 46 (A): 361, 1964. Wright DG, Rennels DC: A study of the elastic properties of plantar fascia. JBJS, 46 (A):482-492, 1964. Chairman of Dept of Anatomy at UC Berkeley from 1938-1956 Coauthored classic article on determinants of gait, described how locomotion mechanisms minimize excursion of CoM during gait John B. Saunders (1903-1991) Saunders JB, Inman VT, Eberhart HD: The major determinants in normal and pathological gait. JBJS, 35A:543-558, 1953. 8
3/26/2015 Henderson & Campbell: UCBL In 1969, dental student, R.E. Isman, did study with Verne Inman at UC Biomechanics Lab that measured STJ axis in 46 cadaver feet STJ was 42 0 inclinated from transverse plane and 23 0 adducted from sagittal plane Isman RE, Inman VT: Anthropometric studies of the human foot and ankle. Bull Pros Research, 10:97-129, 1969. Henderson and Campbell developed high heel-cupped polypropylene orthosis with high medial and lateral flanges at UC Biomechanics Lab in 1967 Henderson WH, Campbell JW: U.C.B.L. shoe insert casting and fabrication. Technical Report 53. Biomechanics Laboratory, University of California at San Francisco and Berkeley, 1967. UCBL orthosis primarily used by orthopedic community for treatment of pediatric flexible flatfoot deformity Merton Louis Root Merton L. Root (1922-2002) became interested in research as a WW II army paratrooper After war decided to pursue career in podiatry in 1948 after seeing need for better research in podiatry Graduated from California College of Chiropody in 1952 Started world’s first Department of Podiatric Biomechanics in 1966 at CCPM in San Francisco Merton L. Root 1922-2002 San Francisco Bay Area became hub for foot and lower extremity biomechanics research and development in late 1950s and 1960s Root’s Eight Biophysical Criteria for “Normalcy” Eight biophysical criteria for “normalcy” proposed by Root, et al in 1971 Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JH, Hughes RJ: Biomechanical Examination of the Foot, Volume 1. Clinical Biomechanics Corporation, Los Angeles, 1971. Root, et al proposed that all feet and lower extremities which did not meet criteria for “normal” had structural defects and were, therefore, “abnormal” Root’s “Deformities” Based on STJ Neutral Root developed biomechanical classification system based on concept that STJ neutral was ideal foot position during gait Root classified “foot types” with frontal plane positions of rearfoot to tibia, forefoot to rearfoot, and first ray position relative to 1 st -5 th metatarsal 9
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History-Evolution-of-Foot-and-Lower-Extremity-Biomechanics-and-Foot-Orthoses_Kevin-Kirby

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