The Kaleidoscope Project: Breaking the Sound Barrier in ... - prace

Breaking the Sound Barrier in
Seismic Imaging:
The Kaleidoscope
Project
PRACE Amsterdam September 2008

ContentsContents
Oil Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico
Seismic Methods
The Kaleidoscope Project
Concluding Remarks

Oil Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico.
Cartoon from Greg Guidri, Shell
From Greg Guidri, Shell

The Future of Oil Exploration in GoM
Cartoon from Greg Guidri, Shell

Boundary conditions in GOM
•A competitive environment like GOM where
Significant remaining reserves
Well cost over 150 MMUS$
Data is multiclient
requires for an Operator to develop a Strong Competitive
Advantage based in Propietary State-of-the-Art Technology.
•That technology must focus on Imaging and Drilling.
Stena Drillmax Project a new concept in deepwater
drilling
The Kaleidoscope Project seeking Imaging Quality and
Fast Turnaround.

The Seismic Method: Introduction
• We can find directly some natural resources (i.e.
wood) but Hydrocarbons (HC) are produced from
reservoirs under the earth
• Opportunities for direct observation of subsurface
rocks are limited to outcrops, mines, tunnels and
caves, which together offer only a glimpse of the
inner Earth
• After geologists identify a potential zone for HC
presence, we need indirect methods to explore
subsurface. Geophysical groups of methods used
by the industry:
Gravimetry
Electromagnetic
Seismic

Basic Oil Geology
Some geologic structures that form traps:
SALT DOME
Anticline
Fault trap
GOM

The Seismic Method: Introduction

The Seismic Method: Introduction
Marine adquisition

The Seismic Method: Initial data

The Seismic Method: Final results

The Seismic Method in HPC Context
• Seismic Imaging is a Grand Challenge for HPC
Solves an Inverse Problem: Observed Data Creates a Model:
no unique solution and iterative process and depends on
human interaction for intermediate evaluations/iterations
Algorithms Based in partial differential equations. Algorithms
have evolutioned in time according to availability of HW/SF
We can asume some historical algorithms as shortcuts
according to technology avaible at that time
Applications designed for run in cluster LINUX and tailored for a
particular processor
Academic world interested in evolution and new solutions
• Bad news: Different E&P projects require different algorithms.
No magical recipes.

Subsalt Plays in GOM
Cartoon from Greg Guidry, Shell

Alternatives for Imaging in GOM
• Alternatives for Subsalt Imaging
– One Way Wave Equation: dip limitation
– Kirchhoff PSDM: problems with complex
structures where multi-pahing occurs
– RTM: Not known theoretical limitation
• The limitation of RTM: Operational, it is a
PETAFLOPS application
– Need for at least increase in one Order of
Magnitude in Computing Power

Comparative Generic Algorithm
2000
2003
2006
2008-9
Kirchhoff
Migration
Common
Azimuth
Migration
Shot
Profile
Migration
Reverse Time
Migration
Kernel
Rays
1-way
1-way
2-way
Dip limitation
None
< 90 o
< 90 o
None
Disk per shot
(relative)
1
0.1
1
> 100
Computation time
per shot (relative)
0.1
0.1
1
10
Better Image

Subsalt Plays and RTM in GoM
Industry idea: The future of Subsalt Imaging is RTM

Kaleidoscope Project: The vision
• Start to work with the idea of no computer
limitation: To have a complete RTM when the
petascale threshold were really commercially
avaible
• To use the PSDM sources of value schema for
search colaborators and define the project
methodology

Kaleidoscope: Collaboration Model
Stanford Exploration Project
3DGeo
Collaboration
to promote
R+D
IBM BSC CSIC
Repsol

Kaleidoscope: Project Methodology
Model
Algorithm
Capacity

Kaleidoscope: Capacity
Model
Algorithm
Capacity

Peta-scale capacity: Our vision
Widely available peta-scale capacity will require:
• Multi-element (multicore) processors, given that CPU
frequency has reached a limit. Any multi-element processor
will be difficult to program.
• This multi-element processor must have very low power
consumption to make peta-scale capacity economically
viable and technically feasible.
• Widely available peta-scale capacity requires a very cheap
processor. That implies mass production in figures larger
than the current production for processors in the PC
industry.

The Cell/B.E. Processor
• Co-developed by Sony, IBM and
Toshiba, it was presented in
February 2005.
• Every processor is initially composed
by 9 subunits that work
independently.
• It differs completely from the
philosophy of multicore processors.
• Currently marketed in the Sony
PlayStation 3 and in the IBM QS2x
Blades.
Courtesy IBM

The Mare Nostrum Supercomputer
Not the most powerful world supercomputer but the most beaufitul indeed

Kaleidoscope: Algorithm
Model
Algorithm
Capacity

Next Generation of Imaging Tools
Anisotropic One-pass and Two-pass Shot Profile
Migration
Plane-wave Migration & Migration in Tilted
Coordinates (PWSPM)
Anisotropic Reverse Time Migration (RTM)
Automated Wavepath Velocity Model Updating
Waveform Inversion of Seismic Data
IBM Power Optimized software
Cell/B.E. Optimized software

Kaleidoscope: Model
Model
Algorithm
Capacity

Depth and Time Migration
Real Case: IMPORTANCE OF VELOCITY MODEL
Time Processing
Depth Processing

Model
• Repsol YPF has the practical experience needed
by the project: RESULTS
• Repsol YPF provides experience in Model
Building: “trench’s processing”

Concludings remarks
• The Kaleidoscope Project encompasses a simultaneous
research in Hardware and Software to achieve a Petascale
solution to Seismic Imaging.
• Software Research focuses on the Quality of Algorithms
avoiding shorcuts or tradeoffs to ensure the maximum
possible Image quality regardless of the computing power
required.
• In parallel, Hardware research focuses on the
development of peta-scale supercomputer from Commodity
Off-the-Shelf technology aimed to massive markets.
• Speed and Power are guaranteed while ensuring low cost,
future improvement, and continuity on the solution.
• The Kaleidoscope Project has anticipated this trend and
is creating the new standards for this technological leap
and new methodology in R+D industry/academia projects

Thank You !
Visit us at www.repsolypf.com