35th NPS abstract book

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Journey into the genome of white spruce: achievements, lessons and challenges for the future S1.3 NATHALIE ISABEL 1,2 , JANICE COOKE 3 , NATHALIE PAVY 2 , 11:15–11:45 BETTY PELGAS 1,2 , BENJAMIN HORNOY 2 , JULIEN PRUNIER 2 , JEAN BEAULIEU 1,2 , ARMAND SÉGUIN 1,2 , KERMIT RITLAND 4 , INANC BIROL 5 , JOERG BOHLMANN 6 , JOHN MACKAY 2,7 and JEAN BOUSQUET 2 nisabel@rncan-nrcan.gc.ca 1 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Québec, QC, Canada; 2 Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 4 Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 5 Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 6 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 7 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Conifer forests are dominant across Canada, yield most of the wood used by the industry, and provide numerous ecosystem services. Spruces account for sixty percent of the 650 million tree seedlings planted each year. Changing environments, pressure to conserve forest lands, and demand for sustainable forest management call for new approaches to increase forest productivity. Reforestation conducted using seeds with superior growth, wood attributes and adaptability could be part of the solution but it relies on the development of fast-track tree breeding and high performance trees. For more than forty years, tree improvement programs have resulted in tangible productivity gains, but breeding cycles are long and gains per cycle modest. Around the new millennium, genomic science was seen as a means of developing tools to characterize and help preserve the natural genetic diversity of trees, and more rapidly develop new varieties for reforestation. This vision has become particularly compelling in the context of environmental change and for the adoption of better sustainable forest management practices. Over the last decade, extensive genomic resources for white spruce have been developed by two Genome Canada’s projects, Arborea and Treenomix. More recently, their complementary expertise were brought together into a unified project, SMarTForests, to break new ground in spruce genome sequencing, and to achieve efficient translation of results toward end-users from across Canada. The SMarTForests’ goals were to develop tools to enhance forest health and productivity and to increase the value recovered from forest plantations. Accordingly, major achievements have been obtained. The white spruce giga-genome has been sequenced, a gene map allowing interspecific and inter-generic comparisons has been constructed, gene catalogue and large registries of high-quality SNPs for population genomics applications have been set up, functional genomics studies have highlighted processes and networks of genes involved in pest resistance, adaptation and wood formation, genomic selection models for wood properties are being transferred to end-users, etc. However, we must be prepared to face new challenges and new frontiers in this post-genomic era. Like for other conifers, the sheer size and diversity of the spruce genome still represent significant challenges to further comprehend the mechanisms underlying observed phenotypes in the forests. Also, given the environmental changes already affecting boreal forests, genomics and its affiliated ‘omics’ sciences will certainly be key to proposing valuable adaptation measures in an uncertain future. 15
Comparative and ecological genomics in the Salicaceae S1.4 STEPHEN P. DIFAZIO 1 , LUKE M. EVANS 1 , WELLINGTON 12:15–12:45 MUCHERO 2 , ELI RODGERS-MELNICK 3 , ALEJANDRO RIVEROS-WALKER 1 , GANCHO T. SLAVOV 4 and GERALD A. TUSKAN 2 spdifazio@mail.wvu.edu 1 Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; 2 Plant Systems Biology Group, BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA; 3 Plant Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA; 4 Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK Broadly-distributed and ecologically dominant forest trees provide excellent model systems for studying fundamental questions about the molecular bases of adaptive variation and the nature of species boundaries. In particular, population resequencing has provided an integrated view of major demographic events that have shaped standing neutral genetic variation, including population bottlenecks and rapid range expansions following glacial maxima. Furthermore, departures from this neutral backdrop provide characteristic signatures of natural selection. We have used whole genome sequencing in Populus trees to investigate patterns of nucleotide variation across a broad geographic area. In addition to the expected patterns of clinal latitudinal variation, the unprecedented resolution afforded by whole genome sequencing has revealed subtle details about glacial refugia, patterns of postglacial range expansion, and signatures of past gene flow and introgression. Furthermore, comparative analysis across species has demonstrated differences in genome content and organization that may have driven adaptive differentiation of species, and possible mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of species boundaries in sympatry. We have found that there are gene content differences between species that are likely driven by differential loss and retention of duplicated genes. Furthermore, the presence of polymorphic insertion/deletion polymorphism in the population indicates that genome fraction is an ongoing process involved in the continued differentiation of species. Increasingly accessible genomics approaches have already caused radical shifts in approaches to studying adaptive variation in tree populations, and the resulting insights will accelerate the domestication of these recalcitrant organisms and enhance our ability to predict and possibly mitigate the effects of climate change. 16
Page 1 and 2: 16-17 June 2015 Arnold Arboretum of
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Information for D
Page 5 and 6: Discussion session More information
Page 7 and 8: 16:45-17:00 Selected poster abstrac
Page 9 and 10: Tour Groups Tuesday (15:15-16:15) T
Page 11 and 12: Wednesday Discussion Session Discus
Page 13 and 14: Speaker Abstracts * S=speaker abstr
Page 15: Microevolution in Populus trichocar
Page 19 and 20: Drivers of diversity in tropical fo
Page 21 and 22: Ginkgo: An evolutionary and cultura
Page 23 and 24: Transcriptional switches controllin
Page 25 and 26: Transcriptional networks regulating
Page 27 and 28: Computational tools and resources f
Page 29 and 30: Amselem, Joelle Buggs, Richard Bull
Page 31 and 32: Poster Abstracts Poster abstracts a
Page 33 and 34: P3 Using direct amplification and n
Page 35 and 36: P7 Distributed control constrains e
Page 37 and 38: P11 Gene expression and natural sel
Page 39 and 40: P15 How has our understanding of th
Page 41 and 42: P18 Visualizing molecular changes a
Page 43 and 44: P21 Nuclear microsatellite markers
Page 45 and 46: P25 The effects of selective breedi
Page 47 and 48: P28 A developmental and genetic stu
Page 49 and 50: P31 Wood formation in the real worl
Page 51 and 52: P35 Population-scale characterisati
Page 53 and 54: P39 Conifer’s comparative genomic
Page 55 and 56: P43 Molecular control of vasculatur
Page 57 and 58: Participants Amselem, Joelle INRA j
Page 59 and 60: Menon, Mitra University of Virginia
Page 61: HUNNEWELL VISITOR CENTER A RBORWAY

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