Type 4300 Catalogue - GMM Pfaudler Ltd

o
Product Temperature ( C)
o
Jacket Fluid Temperature ( C)
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
400
300
200
100
0
o
Wall Temperature ( C)
o
ASME Code limits low temp. to -30 C
-100
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
o
Wall Temperature ( C)
o
ASME Code limits low temp. to -30 C
Steam
Hot Oil,
2
1500 W/m K
Hot Oil,
2
1000 W/m K
Heating
Cooling
Heating
Cooling
Exercise No. 1
Determine the maximum and minimum allowable wall temperatures of a
0
vessel when introducing a product at 100 C into the vessel.
Procedure: Since the media is being introduced into the vessel, Chart A
0
applies. Find the product temperature of 100 C on the product
temperature axis (ordinate). If you follow this constant temperature along
the wall temperature axis (abscissa), you will see it intersects the polygon
0 0
at wall temperatures of -30 C at the lower temperature end and at 232 C
at the upper temperature end.
0
Answer: Product at 100 C can safely be introduced into a vessel whose
0
wall temperature is between -30 and 232 C.
Exercise No. 2
0
A vessel with a wall temperature of 100 C is to be heated using hot oil
2
with a heat transfer film coefficient of 1500 W/m K. What is the
maximum temperature oil that can be used?
Procedure: Since the media is being introduced into the jacket, Chart B
0
applies. Find the wall temperature of 100 C along the wall temperature
axis (abscissa). If you follow this line along the jacket temperature axis
2
(ordinate), it intersects the oil (1500 W/m K) polygon at a jacket
0
temperature of 257 C.
2
Answer: The maximum allowable temperature of a 1500 W/m K oil
0 0
introduced into the jacket of a 100 C vessel is 257 C.
Exercise No. 3
A batch has just been completed, and the wall temperature of the vessel
0
is 150 C. What are the upper and lower temperature limits of the product
that can be introduced in the vessel for the next batch?
0
Procedure: Chart A applies. Find the temperature of 150 C on the wall
temperature axis. This line intersects the polygon at product
0
temperatures of -5 and 232 C.
Answer: The maximum and minimum temperatures of a product that
0
can be introduced into a vessel with a wall temperature of 150 C are 232
0
and -5 C respectively.
Exercise No. 4
Steam is being used to heat a product in a vessel. The vessel contents
0 0
are at 125 C. Can 250 C steam be introduced into the jacket?
Procedure: Chart B applies. The intersection of a wall temperature of
0 0
125 C and a jacket temperature of 250 C is outside the steam polygon
on the chart.
0
Answer: Steam at 250 C cannot be introduced safely into a vessel
0
whose contents are at 125 C.
The information contained in this bulletin is believed to be reliable general guidelines
for consideration of the products and services described herein. The information is
general in nature and should not be considered applicable to any specific process or
application. The Pfaudler Companies, Inc. expressly disclaim any warranty,
express or implied, of fitness for any specific purpose in connection with the
information contained herein.
PE/06-GMM-01/05
Chemical glasses and glass coatings for chemical apparatii
characteristically have superior acid resistance. This is due to their acidic
components and structure. For this reason, acid resistance is their major
field of application.
Alkali resistance is usually the inherent advantage of metallic and
polymeric vessel materials and defines their principal application range.
However, decades of Pfaudler research and development have finally
broken down these boundaries.
Pfaudler’s standard glass coatings already have relatively high alkali
resistance without compromising their extremely high acid resistance.
They are ideal for conventional glass coating applications and are
preferred for highly acid operations with occasional neutralization and
intermediate alkaline operations.
Type 4300 glass coatings represent a new aspect of this tradition and
are designed to bridge a perceived gap in the application range. Pfaudler
Type 4300 glass is still an acidic type of glass, but its primary application
is based on improved alkali resistance. Pfaudler Type 4300 glass
coatings are advisable wherever alkaline conditions prevail during the
cycle, or as a result of concentration and temperature, or where
concentration and/or temperature conditions exceed permissible limits
for conventional glass.
In addition, Type 4300 glass coatings are advisable where any of the
following conditions exist :
• Protection of alkaline products against metal contamination.
• Danger of discoloration of alkaline products due to incorporation of
metals.
• Stabilization of high-molecular alkalis sensitive to metal contact.
• Inadequate redox stability of the vessel material in the alkaline range.
Compared to our world renowned standard glass, Type 4300 has three
times better alkali resistance. This means that higher process
temperatures can be used, or that, under otherwise equal conditions,
these glass coatings will have three times the life expectations.
The Type 4300 glass does make a slight concession in the area of acid
resistance. Although it is adequate for mild service, it is not
recommended for agressive acid conditions.
The isocorrosion curves and thermal limit diagrams for Type 4300 glass
appear in the next section.
In the charts that follow, we present the isocorrosion curves for 4300
glass. The curves are for pure acids and bases most commonly used in
the chemical industry and take into account technically relevant
parameters influencing the rate of corrosion (for example, the
volume/surface area into, inhibition effects, concentration, and
temperature).
In practical operation these materials are always encountered with liquid
additives, dissolved substances or gases which may have positive or
negative effects on resistance. We therefore recommend performing
corrosion tests or contacting a Pfaudler consultant to assure material
suitability for individual processes.
TYPE 4300 GLASS
www.gmmpfaudler.com

140
10 11
12 pH
140
10 11
12 13 pH
220
120
0.5 mm/year
0.2 mm/year
120
0.5 mm/year
220
180
C
100
80
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
60
0.001 0.01 0.1 0.5 1 5 10
% Na2CO 3 by Weight
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
C
100
80
0.2 mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
60
0.001 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20
% NH by Weight
3
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
C
180
140
100
60
0.5 mm/year
0.2 mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
20 40 60 80 100
C
140
100
60
40
0.5
mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
0.2
mm/year
20 40 60 80 100
% H SO by Weight
2 4
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
% H PO by Weight
3 4
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
C
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
10
0.5 mm/year
0.2 mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
20 30
% HCL by Weight
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
C
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
0.5 mm/year
0.2 mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
20 40
60
% HNO by Weight
3
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
C
220
200
180
160
140
120
0.5 mm/year
0.2 mm/year
0.1 mm/year
Fully Resistant
20 40 60 80 100
% CH COOH by Weight
3
Volume to Surface Area Ratio (V/O) = 20
Although Type 4300 glass has a high degree of helpful compressive
stress in the glass layer, there are definite limits to the level of thermal
stress which the glass can withstand without incurring damage.
Only two conditions must be considered when determining the
temperature limits:
A. Introduction of media into a vessel. The limits are determined from
Chart A (located on next page).
B. Introduction of media into a jacket. The limits are determined from
Chart B (located on next page).
In both cases the safe operating range lies within the polygons as
outlined on the charts. The left and right sides on the polygons represent,
respectively, the minimum and maximum wall temperatures allowed. The
bottom and top on the polygons represent, respectively, the minimum
and maximum product temperatures allowed (Chart A) and the minimum
and maximum jacket temperatures allowed (Chart B).
With Chart B, it is also necessary to know the heat transfer film
coefficient of the jacket media. Three curves are shown : one for steam
2 2
(8500 Wm K) and two for typical heating oils (1500 and 1000 Wm K).
CAUTION : “Safe” operating temperatures vary with conditions.
Because so many variables are involved, temperature ranges are
given only as a guide. When practical, operation below the
maximum and above the minimum is recommended. Contact
Pfaudler for details.