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Kulkarni et al. / Evaluation of Effects of Black Tea and Coffee on Learning Process....
successfully move new information to long-term memory, The volunteers were evaluated for:
which makes us more likely to forget details of recent events. i. Total time taken to complete the exercise,
A long-term memory is anything we remember that happened ii. Total correct answers and
more than a few minutes ago. Long-term memories are not
all of equal strength. Stronger memories enable us to recall
iii. Total incorrect answers
an event, procedure and fact on demand. Long-term memory
Chart 1: Mathematical Calculation Test
is not static. We do not imprint a memory and leave it as if
untouched. Instead, we often revise the memory over time
perhaps by merging it with another memory or incorporating
what others tell us about the memory. The process of
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learning and memory develop simultaneously in individuals.
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The learning process begins in infantile stage and is geared
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up during the process of maturity and adolescence age.
Subsequently the process of learning itself is utilized for
storage of memory which is recalled as past memory.
However, the process of recent memory is influenced by
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many factors which may include repetitive learning
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was carried out with the objective of
comparison of effect of commonly consumed beverages on
functional parameters of learning and memory. These
characteristics are evaluated using psychopharmacological
tests commonly indicating the process of learning and
improvising memory. Study was conducted to indicate any
effects of consumption of normally consumable beverages
Number Cancellation Test
In this test, the volunteers were given a table consisting of
10X10 (100 small squares) and were asked to cancel a
particular number in a random fashion (Chart – 2).
The volunteers were evaluated for:
i. Total time taken to complete the exercise,
ii. Total number of cancelled number and
iii. Incorrect number(s) cancelled.
(Black tea and Coffee) on functional parameters especially
Chart 2: Number Cancellation
the learning and memory process in healthy human 6 1 5 7 9 4 3 7 1 2
volunteers.
The beverages used were purchased from ready market
1) Black Tea
2) Black Coffee
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Preparation of Black Tea
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1.
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Decoction of raw material was prepared in freshly
boiled water.
Decoction was filtered through the sieve.
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3. Sugar was added to the decoction and served to the
volunteers.
Preparation of Black Coffee
1. Coffee powder was added to the freshly boiled
water.
2. Decoction was filtered through the sieve.
3. Sugar was added to the decoction and served to the
volunteers.
STUDY PROTOCOL
This was a human study and hence approval was obtained
Alphabet Cancellation Test
In this test, the volunteers were given a table containing
alphabets in 100 small squares, each alphabet repeated 7 to 8
times randomly and were asked to cancel a particular
alphabet (Chart – 3).
The volunteers were evaluated for:
i. Total time taken to complete the exercise,
ii. Total alphabets cancelled and
iii. Incorrect alphabets(s) cancelled.
from institutional ethics committee for the conduct of the
study. The study was conducted adhering to norms of good
clinical practices and good laboratory practices. No blood
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Chart 3: Alphabet cancellation Test
C B F G H M
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samples or any other body fluids were withdrawn during the E T F C F G H B X Z
study.
The study was planned to be carried on healthy young
volunteers. They were divided in two groups each consisting
of six volunteers. The volunteers of 22-28 years age groups
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were selected for the study. On detailed discussions with H E S A G J C R Y U
them regarding the nature and objective of the study, written P O Y E A P O A W R
informed consent was obtained and enrolled in the study after
physical evaluation parameters. Subsequently they were Upward Digit Scale Test
evaluated for the evaluative tests.
In this test, the volunteers were verbally informed eight
EVALUATION PARAMETERS
numbers (10-99) in upward order and were asked to
The volunteers were evaluated using following parameters. memorize the numbers in the same manner and reproduce in
Mathematical Calculation test
the same order (Chart – 4).
In this test, the volunteers were asked to solve a The volunteers were evaluated for:
mathematical summation problem (Chart - 1).
i. Synchrony of numbers
ii. Missing number(s)
IJPCR October-December, 2009, Vol 1, Issue 3 (119-123) 120