Inside the Cold War - Project Gutenberg Consortia Center

More documents

Recommendations

Info

THE COLD WARRIORS clearly showed that most existing communications systems were vulnerable to blackout periods lasting from minutes to hours. Since detonation of an antiballistic (ABM) warhead in the atmosphere could “knock out” communications over the United States, General Ellis initiated a comprehensive study of the various effects on command and control communications during deployments of strategic forces in wartime. The results of the study prompted the JCS to create the Joint Strategic Connectivity Staff (JSCS), which would be collocated with SAC Headquarters at Offutt AFB. The CINCSAC would be JSCS director; a rear admiral would be vice director and chief operating officer. The purpose of JSCS was to analyze strategic connectivity systems and procedures for SAC “readiness.” There were many dimensions to the SAC’s forces and alert postures—policy, analysis, planning, continuous evaluation of both threat and personnel—and the third leg of the Triad, the nuclear-powered strategic ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), became operational in the early 1960s. After analyzing these myriad components, JSCS would make recommendations to the Joint Chiefs. During the 1950s, the Navy began to seriously investigate the feasibility of launching large missiles from submarines. The furor over the “missile gap” and Soviet advances in SSBN and SLBM development hastened their investigation and stimulated the availability of money for the pursuit. The major questions were how to design missile size and propulsion to “fit” into a submarine and how to acquire the ability to safely launch it. Atlas, Titan, and Minuteman were not feasible because of their size. Further, the volatile liquid propellants of Atlas and Titan could not be considered for submarine use. Even a more moderate version of any available system would require horizontal storage aboard the submarine and a launch pad on the sub’s surface. Other considerations were the potential for enlarging the basic submarine size and maintaining buoyancy after a missile launch. A missile launch from beneath the surface immediately extracts thousands of pounds from a submerged boat, causing a sudden shift in transfer of buoyant weight—and the principle of submarine technology revolves around the delicate balance between positive and negative buoyancy. The Navy, however, had to get 13
INSIDE THE COLD WAR into the strategic nuclear business or be left behind. The Air Force, SAC in particular, was moving ahead rapidly with long-range heavy bombers and ICBMs along with the budget priorities to support them. Long-range submersible systems, capable of deceptive maneuvering with multiple ICBMs that could strike strategic targets, was the obvious direction to pursue. During World War II, the Soviets had built the largest fleet of submarines in the world. As the Cold War evolved, they continued to build submarines—and to improve their technologies. NATO feared that the Soviets would block all European sea lanes and threaten continental facilities with their fleet of three hundred or more submarines, some of which were armed with ballistic missiles. The Soviets began their SLBM program in 1955, converting six Zulu -class diesel submarines into boats that could carry and launch two nuclear SS-N-4 missiles. They continued to develop diesel-electric submarines for SLBM delivery into the early 1960s, with the Golf-class boat capable of carrying SS-N-5s, 6s, or 8s. In 1957, they developed nuclear-propelled Hotelclass boats equipped with SS-N-5 and SS-N-8 SLBMs. The US Navy pressed on with nuclear-powered submarine development. In the interim, the Navy modified several older diesel boats to launch the Regulas missile with a nuclear warhead. To accommodate the Regulas, the submarines were outfitted with a small hangar that housed two of the missiles on the deck. The boats were placed on patrol in the northwestern Pacific, within range of selected Soviet targets. The patrol tactic for the Regulas boats called for single crews, in contrast to the dual crews later assigned to the SSBN “boomer” boats. Regulas II, a larger and faster sea-launched missile, then came along with a support program that envisioned 14 nuclear submarines. The Polaris program made better progress than predicted, however, and the planned Regulas II nuclear boats were converted to nuclear-powered attack submarines. A modified Skipjack -class nuclear attack boat, equipped with 16 Polaris launch tubes and renamed the USS George Washington, became the first true SSBN. Adm Hyman Rickover had the shipbuilder “cut” the original Skipjack boat, the Scorpion, in half and insert a 130-foot 14
Page 1 and 2: Inside the Cold War A Cold Warrior
Page 3 and 4: Dedicated to the Cold Warriors I he
Page 5 and 6: Chapter Page Anecdotes . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: We fought the Cold War with hundred
Page 9 and 10: cancellation of the B-1. President
Page 11 and 12: Adm Paul Tomb, USN, Retired; and Re
Page 13 and 14: personal interviews, and my own exp
Page 15 and 16: INSIDE THE COLD WAR “D-Day” ann
Page 17 and 18: INSIDE THE COLD WAR friends in tact
Page 19 and 20: INSIDE THE COLD WAR A million thing
Page 21 and 22: INSIDE THE COLD WAR already approve
Page 23 and 24: INSIDE THE COLD WAR Lt Gen Curtis E
Page 25: INSIDE THE COLD WAR increased the t
Page 29 and 30: THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 31 and 32: INSIDE THE COLD WAR LeMay was commi
Page 33 and 34: INSIDE THE COLD WAR openly criticiz
Page 35 and 36: INSIDE THE COLD WAR time. According
Page 37 and 38: INSIDE THE COLD WAR would “sponge
Page 39 and 40: INSIDE THE COLD WAR saw the militar
Page 41 and 42: INSIDE THE COLD WAR on board the Na
Page 43 and 44: THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 45 and 46: INSIDE THE COLD WAR process couldn
Page 47 and 48: INSIDE THE COLD WAR in 1950, the KB
Page 49 and 50: INSIDE THE COLD WAR management syst
Page 51 and 52: INSIDE THE COLD WAR been allocated
Page 53 and 54: INSIDE THE COLD WAR prompting Secre
Page 55 and 56: INSIDE THE COLD WAR propellers for
Page 57 and 58: INSIDE THE COLD WAR B-47 Stratojet.
Page 59 and 60: INSIDE THE COLD WAR weapon on the t
Page 61 and 62: INSIDE THE COLD WAR extent. The B-2
Page 63 and 64: INSIDE THE COLD WAR manual aiming a
Page 65 and 66: INSIDE THE COLD WAR And the bomber
Page 67 and 68: INSIDE THE COLD WAR only supersonic
Page 69 and 70: INSIDE THE COLD WAR and the B-58 wa
Page 71 and 72: INSIDE THE COLD WAR According to Lt
Page 73 and 74: INSIDE THE COLD WAR original design
Page 75 and 76: INSIDE THE COLD WAR tankers, severa
Page 77 and 78:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR and more precis
Page 79 and 80:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR airplane. By 1
Page 81 and 82:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR The Intercontin
Page 83 and 84:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR system. Reactio
Page 85 and 86:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR outside enemy r
Page 87 and 88:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Draper at Massa
Page 89 and 90:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR development of
Page 91 and 92:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR with college-le
Page 93 and 94:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR structure and p
Page 95 and 96:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR array in suppor
Page 97 and 98:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR missiles that w
Page 99 and 100:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR missile combat
Page 101 and 102:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR yet morale rema
Page 103 and 104:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR procedures. Aca
Page 105 and 106:
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 107 and 108:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR The crew member
Page 109 and 110:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR two combat crew
Page 111 and 112:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR were not the on
Page 113 and 114:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR stimulate consi
Page 115 and 116:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR minimal surviva
Page 117 and 118:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Lt Gen Dick Lea
Page 119 and 120:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Congress that S
Page 121 and 122:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR who were more p
Page 123 and 124:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Life on a SAC m
Page 125 and 126:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR predesignated t
Page 127 and 128:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR One unique miss
Page 129 and 130:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Most who did no
Page 131 and 132:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR (The awesome an
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Murmansk to con
Page 137 and 138:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR ICBMs. The CIA,
Page 139 and 140:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Sea and 50 mile
Page 141 and 142:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR and several Ame
Page 143 and 144:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR missile was sev
Page 145 and 146:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR “Ghosts” of
Page 147 and 148:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR conscripted ser
Page 149 and 150:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR home districts
Page 151 and 152:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR regions where G
Page 153 and 154:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR schools, was th
Page 155 and 156:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Regarding the
Page 157 and 158:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Soviet Union an
Page 159 and 160:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR The Soviet Tria
Page 161 and 162:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR and women in it
Page 163 and 164:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR media. But the
Page 165 and 166:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR sophisticated
Page 167 and 168:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR Cold Warriors w
Page 169 and 170:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR With these prec
Page 171 and 172:
INSIDE THE COLD WAR the consequence
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
———. The Rocket’s Red Glare
Page 177 and 178:
Donaldson, Robert H. The Soviet Uni
Page 179 and 180:
Hosbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes.
Page 181 and 182:
Lee, Asher. The Soviet Air Force. N
Page 183 and 184:
———. Death of the Thresher. P
Page 185 and 186:
Sulzberger, C. L. A Long Row of Can
Page 187 and 188:
Alsop, Joseph. “The New Balance o
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Garner, Lt Comdr Pat M.: 129 Gary P
Page 193 and 194:
Van Vliet, Col Charley: 79 Vandenbe
show all

Inside the Cold War - Project Gutenberg Consortia Center

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?