spores (13-18 × 10-15 µm in X. alveolata). In sect. Radicatae (no pileisetae, no extended pileicystidia), <strong>Xerula</strong> africana (= O. radicata var. africana ss. Pegler and Young, 1987) is 2- spored, with its 4-spored analog as X. tetrasperma. The difference between pileocystidia <strong>from</strong> the disc and <strong>from</strong> the margin reflects the situation in several other species. It would appear that the disc, not as expanded as the limb, has less room for pileocystidial swelling than the outer pileus. But pileal hairs are present in all areas <strong>of</strong> the pileus surface, although somewhat shorter outward than over the disc. Furthermore, not more than 1:250 pileipellis elements is a pileal hair. Therefore such structures are inconspicuous in sections or squashes and invisible at 10×. Intermediates are clavate, thick-walled and hyaline (not olive-tan like pileocystidia). A single basidiome (BM 466) <strong>from</strong> high altitude in Malawi (6000 ft.) differs <strong>from</strong> typical X. crassibasidiata in its stout form (pileus 110 mm broad, stipe 40 × 6-8 mm, lamellae <strong>sub</strong>distant, ventricose, up to 10 mm deep, with distinct decurrent tooth) and olivaceous color (noted as “greenish” in notes on the fresh specimen). Otherwise, microscopic characters fit nicely. Specimens examined: BURUNDI, Prov. T.Muramvya, Teza, S 03° 13' E 29° 34', 2500 m, 22.XII.1978, coll. J. Rameloo (as O. radicata, no. K 6238) (BR 032225, 21); same location, 20.XII.1978, leg J. Rameloo (as O. radicata; no. 6146), K 1766 (BR no. 032224,30); Prov. Bururi, Bururi, Forêt de Bururi, S 02° 57' E 29° 37', 7.II.1979, 1950 m, leg. J. Rameloo (as O. radicata, no. 6580), (BR 032226,22). MALAWI, Nyita Nat. Park, surroundings <strong>of</strong> Chelinda Lodge, 6.XII.1981, leg K. Rameloo, no. 7688 (BR 032231,27); Zomba Mt., 27.XII.1981, coll B Morris, BM 466 [K(M) 144256]. ZAMBIA, Chowo Forest, 7.XII.1981, leg J Rameloo, no 7716 (BR no. 032233, 29); same location, 9.XII.1981, leg K. Rameloo, no. 7755 (BR 032234, 30); Manyanjere Forest, 16.XII.1981, leg J Rameloo, no 7938 (BR 032237,33). 4. <strong>Xerula</strong> kenyae R.H. Petersen, sp. nov. (Figs 18-23) MycoBank: 511154 Basidiomata collybioidea, crasis, atro-brunneis. Pileo 44-57 mm lato, convexiumbonato, glabro, vel innate atrobrunneo radialiter striatulo. Lamellis albis, crassis, ventricosis, adnatis, non-marginatis. Stipe 100- 150 × 4-8 mm, apice albo, deorsum brunneo; pseudorhiza inflata. Pileocystidiis 26-40 × 10-38 µm, <strong>sub</strong>sphaeropedunculatis, sine fibulis, crassi-tunicatis; trichomis 132 pilioris 107-136 × 9-13 µm, hyalinis, fibulatis. Pleurocystidiis 72-136 × 22-36 µm, utriformis, tenuitunicatis. Basidiis 66-88 × 14-21 µm, clavatis, fibulatis, tetrasporibus. Basidiosporis 15-21 × 15-17 µm (E m = 1.22; L m = 17.8 µm). Late ellipsoidiis. Cheilocystidiis 41-156 × 8-40 µm, clavatis ad cylindricis, firme tunicatis. Caulocystidiis 76-137 × 12-23 µm, cylindricis ad vermiformis, olivaceo-brunneis, fibulatis. Holotype: KENYA, Rift Valley Prov., vic. Timboroa, Cengalo, IV.1970, coll. J.K. Dedan, I.A.S. Gibson no. 2172 [K(M) 124280]. On litter under young Pinus radiata plantation. [annot. H. Dörfelt, 1982, as X. radicata]. Basidiomata (Fig. 18) collybioid, stout, generally dark brown. Pileus 44-57 mm broad, abruptly and significantly umbonate, matt, without laccate surface; umbo and narrow radial streaks darker (near "sepia" or "Natal brown") and appearing minutely furry (30x), area surrounding umbo somewhat darker than "sayal brown," becoming neutral nut brown outward to margin; margin smooth to crenate with occasional narrow, radial, blackish ridges, entire, probably incurved when fresh, thin. Lamellae white when fresh, now "light ochraceous buff" (i.e. little or no necropigment), thick, close, ventricose (up to 8 mm deep), with short decurrent tooth, in 3-4 tiers, not marginate. Stipe 100-150 mm long to ground line, 4-6 mm diam near apex, 8 mm diam near ground line, <strong>of</strong>f-white apically and there closely lined, soon dark brown, hardly longitudinally lined or channeled, tapering gradually upward, swollen somewhat at ground line, distinctly but minutely furfuraceous or scabrous, probably lacerate when fresh, with extensive meandering patches <strong>of</strong> darker brown caulocystidia; flesh apparently woody, white to ivory color; pseudorhiza 10-13 mm broad, more or less beet- or carrot-shaped (tapering gradually), dark brown with pallid buff thatch over upper 5 mm. Spore print white. Habitat: Ethiopia: at edge <strong>of</strong> bamboo zone near top <strong>of</strong> mountain (3000 ft elev.). In drier area <strong>of</strong> montane forest, with Dombeya, Schefflera, Aningeria, etc. Kenya: on litter under young Pinus radiata plantation. Pileipellis near disc constructed <strong>of</strong> a single element. Pileocystidia 26-140 × 10-38 µm, pedicellate, clavate to sphaeropedunculate, <strong>of</strong>ten with pedicel spur, thin- to firm-walled over bulb, <strong>of</strong>ten somewhat thick-walled (wall never more than 0.7 µm thick) over pedicel,
Fungal Diversity Figs 19-22. <strong>Xerula</strong> kenyae. 19. Pileipellis elements. Left, <strong>from</strong> disc; right, <strong>from</strong> pileus margin. Ash 3448. 20. Pleurocystidia; holotype. 21. Basidia and basidiospores; holotype. 22. Cheilocystidia; holotype. Bars= 20 µm. without clamp connections; contents homogeneous, <strong>sub</strong>hyaline. Pileipellis near pileus margin constructed <strong>of</strong> a single variable element. Pileocystidia (Fig. 19) 36-55 × 18-33 µm, <strong>of</strong> two sorts: a) sphaeropedunculate, thinwalled, obscurely clamped; contents homogeneous, <strong>sub</strong>hyaline; and b) clavate, 47-83 × 12- 17 µm, hardly pedicellate, without evidence <strong>of</strong> 133
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