National park Slovak Paradise - FUTUREforest
National park Slovak Paradise - FUTUREforest
National park Slovak Paradise - FUTUREforest
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<strong>National</strong> Park<br />
<strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong>
<strong>National</strong> <strong>park</strong>s in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia
Protected<br />
Landscape Area<br />
<strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong><br />
21. 8. 1964<br />
1 st Protected Landscape<br />
Area in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia and<br />
following<br />
Tatra <strong>National</strong> Park<br />
2 nd large protected area<br />
<strong>National</strong> <strong>park</strong><br />
<strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong><br />
1. 4. 1988
<strong>National</strong> <strong>park</strong> <strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong>
• Proclaimed by Code of laws and decrees SSR No.<br />
23/1988 from 18 th January 1988<br />
• Core zone -19.763 ha; Buffer zone - 13. 011 ha;<br />
total area 32.774 ha = 327,74 km 2 protected area<br />
•48 % of total area is state ownership,<br />
the rest is private ownership<br />
• 90,6 %, = 17.911 ha of total area is forest,<br />
and 58 % from its is state ownership<br />
•Administration of NP <strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong> have not any<br />
ground
Geology<br />
the main part<br />
of <strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong><br />
is created by<br />
Mezozoic<br />
limestones
Fossils and prints of fossils
Fossils and prints of fossils
KARST
Karst plateau - Glac
Geological gaps under karst plateau<br />
- Skala<br />
Karst plateau - Pelc<br />
Karst plateau - Geravy
<strong>National</strong><br />
Natural<br />
Monument<br />
Stratena Cave<br />
Caves<br />
<strong>National</strong> Natural Monument<br />
Dobsina Ice Cave
Gorges
Malý Kyseľ (Little Kysel)<br />
- Moss waterfall<br />
Sokolia dolina (Falcon valley)<br />
– Veil waterfall
Canyon of river Hornad<br />
Prielom - from hill Ihrík
Botany<br />
• About 1000 species of vascular<br />
plants<br />
• More than 350 species of<br />
unvascular plants
Forest biotopes<br />
The total area of forests in the NP <strong>Slovak</strong> <strong>Paradise</strong> is<br />
17.911 ha = 90,6 %, plochy, 58 % from its there is<br />
state ownnership<br />
Western carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris<br />
forests – consistennt copses in natural<br />
condition in the gorges, the largest existence in<br />
<strong>Slovak</strong>ia<br />
Primeval fragments Medio European limestone<br />
beech forests and fir-beech forests – very important<br />
existenci in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia. Yew (Taxus baccata) is the<br />
stable part in these forests (more than 2 000 trees)<br />
Mountains alluvial forests<br />
with Alnus glutinosa – in<br />
the alluvium of Hnilec river<br />
there are the most well<br />
preserved in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia
Rocky and inversion biotopes<br />
in the bottom of gorges – the<br />
specific phenomenon in Sloveak<br />
<strong>Paradise</strong><br />
Unforest biotopes<br />
Meadows with high diversity- the highest number of<br />
vasculary plants in the Middle Europe (74 species/1m 2 )<br />
Calcereous fens and Petrifying<br />
springs – there are the most well<br />
preserved and the most typical in<br />
<strong>Slovak</strong>ia<br />
Thermophilic biotopes in<br />
the canyon of Hornad river<br />
– the most northern existence of<br />
species
The main aims of flora protection<br />
Ligularia sibirica – species of European<br />
important, there are more than 20 000<br />
bloom plants = about 98 % of <strong>Slovak</strong><br />
population and the highest presence in<br />
Europe.<br />
Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica – species of<br />
European important, the richest population<br />
in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia, the most northern presence<br />
Pulsatilla slavica - species of European<br />
important, jthe richest population in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia<br />
Herminium monorchis – critical threaten<br />
species, there are only 9 plasces in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia<br />
There are lack facts of unvascular plants<br />
Anacamptis pyramidalis – threateh species<br />
one of the most steble and richest<br />
population in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia
Thermophilic species<br />
Poniklec slovenský<br />
Pulsatilla slavica<br />
Kosatec bezlistý uhorský<br />
Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica
Ľalia cibuľkonosná<br />
Lilium bulbiferum<br />
Ľalia zlatohlavá<br />
Lilium martagon
Hygrophilous species<br />
Jazyčník sibírsky<br />
Ligularia sibirica<br />
Žltohlav najvyšší<br />
Trolius altissimus<br />
Prvosienka pomúčená<br />
Primula farinosa<br />
Vachta trojlistá<br />
Menyanthes trifoliata<br />
Mečík strechovitý - Gladiolus imbricatus
Bielokvet močiarny<br />
Parnasia palustris<br />
Kropenáč trváci<br />
Swertia perennis
Zvonček karpatský – Campanula carpatica
Nonthermophilic species<br />
Soldanelka uhorská<br />
Soldanella hungarica<br />
Stokráska Micheliho<br />
Bellidiastrum michelii
Šafran spišský<br />
Crocus scepusiensis<br />
Horcokvet jarný<br />
Gentiana verna
Stračonôžka vysoká<br />
Delphinium elatum<br />
Kortúza Matthioliho<br />
Cortusa Matthioli
Orchideaceae<br />
Vemenník dvojlistý<br />
Platanthera bifolia<br />
Črievičník papučkový<br />
Cypripedium calceolus
Päťprstnica obyčajná<br />
Gymnadenia conopsea<br />
Vstavač počerný<br />
Orchis ustulata<br />
Vstavačovec bledožltý<br />
Dactylorhiza ochroleuca
Prilbovka červená<br />
Cephalanthera rubra<br />
Vstavač vojenský<br />
Orchis militaris
Zoology - unvertebrata<br />
• More than 4000 species<br />
• 2177 species of butterflies<br />
(Lepidoptera)<br />
• 400 species of beatles (Coleoptera)<br />
• 350 species of twowings (Diptera)<br />
• 184 species of Nematoda<br />
• 150 species of molluscs (Mollusca)
Jasoň červenooký – Parnassius apollo<br />
Lovčík pobrežný - Dolomedes fimbriatus<br />
Šidielko obyčajné - Coenagrion puella<br />
Vidlochvost feniklový - Papilio machaon
Zoology - vertebrata<br />
• More than 200 species<br />
• More than 100 species of birds<br />
• 40 species of mammals
The main aims of fauna protection<br />
Bats – known 12 species, trom this there are 8<br />
species of European important, very important<br />
wintering places in the caves.<br />
Predatory birds – falkon, eagle –<br />
stabile populáations, and increase<br />
of population<br />
Otter – detail research of poopulation, its structure,<br />
food basis, and optimal management off fishing<br />
Big predators – bear, lynx,<br />
wolf – stable populations<br />
There are lack facts of unvertebrata
Fish<br />
Pstruh potočný<br />
Salmo trutta morpha fario<br />
Lipeň striebristý<br />
Thymallus thymallus
Amphibian<br />
Mlok karpatský – Triturus montandoni<br />
Ropucha bradavičnatá – Bufo bufo<br />
Salamandra škvrnitá<br />
Salamandra salamandra<br />
Kunka žltobruchá<br />
Bombina variegata<br />
Skokan hnedý<br />
Rana temporaria
Reptile<br />
Jašterica živorodá – Lacerta vivipara<br />
Slepúch lámavý – Anguis fragilis<br />
Jašterica bystrá – Lacerta agilis
Užovka hladká - Coronella austriaca<br />
Užovka obojková<br />
Natrix natrix<br />
Vretenica severná - Vipera berus
Birds<br />
Glezg hrubozobý<br />
Garrulus garrulus<br />
Bocian biely<br />
Ciconia ciconia<br />
Orol skalný<br />
Aquila chrysaetos<br />
Sokol myšiar<br />
Falco tinunculus<br />
Sojka škriekavá – Garrulus glandarius<br />
Myšiarka ušatá<br />
Asio otus
Mammals<br />
Netopier brvitý – Myotis emarginatus<br />
Večernica tmavá - Vespertilio murinus<br />
Vydra riečna – Lutra lutra<br />
Syseľ pasienkový<br />
Spermophilus citellus
Sviňa divá – Sus scrofa<br />
Kamzík vrchovský<br />
Rupicapra rupicapra<br />
Jeleň európsky – Cervus elaphus<br />
Jeleň európsky<br />
Cervus elaphus<br />
Srna lesná – Capreolus capreolus
Medveď hnedý - Ursus arctos<br />
Big predators<br />
Vlk dravý - Canis lupus<br />
Líška obyčajná<br />
Vulpesw vulpes<br />
Rys ostrovid – Lynx lynx<br />
Mačka divá – Felis sylvestris
History<br />
• Settlement since the Younger Stone Age<br />
• The most important archeological places<br />
- Čertova diera ((Devil hole)<br />
- Ihrík<br />
- Hradisko (Castle hill)<br />
- Zelená hora (Greeh hill)<br />
- Kláštorisko (Lapis refugii)
Archeological finds and artefacts<br />
Fillinf of women skull of<br />
Neanderthal men – place<br />
near village Gánovce<br />
(about 120 000 b.C.)<br />
Earthen pot near<br />
villageSmižany – neolit<br />
(5700 b.C. – 4400 b.C.)
In the Hornad valley there were<br />
goddcondition for breeding of ship and<br />
goats. So some caves in the <strong>Slovak</strong><br />
<strong>Paradise</strong> were settle near village<br />
Letanovce – Čertova diera (Devil hole),<br />
Biela jaskyňa (White cave), near village<br />
Hrabušice – Tunel (Tunnel), near village<br />
Smižany – Tri skalky (Three little<br />
rocks). – Eneolit (4400 b.C. – 2300 b.C.)
In the Young Iron Age (Lathen<br />
Age) the combat Celts tried to<br />
obtain the control of the iron ore<br />
areas.<br />
Spiš was settled by people of<br />
Puchov culture. There are kwovn<br />
some dokuments of production of<br />
coins near village Hrabušíce (near<br />
Green hill). Probably there was a<br />
mint. Presence the coins of Eravisk<br />
people (celtic trible) near village<br />
Hrabušice show us to tehe good<br />
trade contacts between celtic<br />
tribles in the northern region and<br />
southern region.
The region of Spis was since 5 th<br />
cetntury settled by Slovenien.<br />
In the 9 th century this region<br />
was a part of the Great<br />
Moravian Empire – finds and<br />
artefacts of pots, jewelery and<br />
things of dairy items.
Lapis refugii – Kartusian´s Monastery
Kopanec meadows<br />
the richest place in <strong>Slovak</strong>ia<br />
there are74 species of plants on 1m 2
Thank you for your attention!
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