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Database Modeling and Design

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150 CHAPTER 8 Business Intelligence<br />

Operational<br />

Applications<br />

Operational<br />

Applications<br />

Operational<br />

Applications<br />

feeder<br />

DB1<br />

feeder<br />

DB2<br />

feeder<br />

DB3<br />

Extract<br />

Extract<br />

Extract<br />

Staging Area<br />

Transform<br />

Load<br />

Report Generators<br />

OLAP<br />

Ad Hoc Query Tools<br />

Data<br />

Warehouse<br />

Datamining<br />

Figure 8.1<br />

Basic data warehouse architecture<br />

useful if the warehouse is implemented as a multidatabase or federated<br />

database.<br />

3. The data is considered to be nonvolatile <strong>and</strong> should be mass<br />

loaded. Data extraction from current databases to the DW<br />

requires that a decision should be made whether to extract the<br />

data using st<strong>and</strong>ard relational database (RDB) techniques at the<br />

row or column level or specialized techniques for mass extraction.<br />

Data cleaning tools are required to maintain data quality—for<br />

example, to detect missing data, inconsistent data, homonyms,<br />

synonyms, <strong>and</strong> data with different units. Data migration, data<br />

scrubbing, <strong>and</strong> data auditing tools h<strong>and</strong>le specialized problems in<br />

data cleaning <strong>and</strong> transformation. Such tools are similar to those<br />

used for conventional relational database schema (view) integration.<br />

Load utilities take cleaned data <strong>and</strong> load it into the DW,<br />

using batch processing techniques. Refresh techniques propagate<br />

updates on the source data to base data <strong>and</strong> derived data in the<br />

DW. The decision of when <strong>and</strong> how to refresh is made by the DW

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