Test 5 – Respiratory System - Next2Eden

Test 5 – Respiratory System
Name____________________________________________
Date: __________________
1) Which of the choices below is not a functional process performed by the respiratory system?
1) _______
A. Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B. O 2 and CO 2 exchange between the lungs and the blood.
C. Warming and cleaning air as it moves from the outside environment into the nasal
cavity.
D. Secreting digestive juices into the stomach.
2) The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________________. 2) ______________
A. length of the vocal folds
B. strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
C. force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
D. thickness of vestibular folds
3) The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of
type II is to ____________. 3) _____________
A. secrete surfactant
B. protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
C. trap dust and other debris
D. replace mucus in the alveoli
4) Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs
when the pressure inside the lungs is ___________. 4) ____________
A. less than the pressure in the atmosphere
B. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
C. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
D. greater than transpulmonary pressure
5) Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved.
Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two
factors? 5) ______________
A. The recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of
surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid in the alveoli
B. the expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the
lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall
C. The combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli
D. The negative feedback of expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull
of surface tension due to surfactant
1

6) Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? 6)____________
A. cartilage rings
B. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
C. surface tension of water
D. surfactant
7) Intrapulmonary pressure is the ______________. 7) ______________
A. pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
B. pressure within the pleural cavity
C. negative pressure in the intrapleural space
D. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure
8) Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed or destroyed
by _______.
A. mucus
B. vibrissae (nose hairs)
C. stomach acid
D. all of the above
9) The structure at the most posterior aspect of the soft palate which prevents food and liquid
from going into the nasal cavity is called the ____________. 9) ___________
A. nasal conchae
B. uvula
C. Eustachian tube
D. posterior nasal aperture
10) Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ____________. 10)
____________
A. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations
B. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface
tension of alveolar fluid
C. warming the air before it enters
D. humidifying the air before it enters
11) The respiratory membrane ___________. 11) ____________
A. is involved in internal respiration
B. is just another name for alveolar tissue
C. is the thickness of a piece of tissue paper
D. is composed of alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells jointly held
together by a fused basement membranes
2

12) The function of alveolar type I cells is _____________. 12) _____________
A. to allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases
B. phagocytosis of dust particles
C. to produce surfactant
D. to adhere to pulmonary capillaries
13) Occasionally food or liquids will “go down the wrong pipe,” initiating a cough reflex.
Which structural barrier has been breached if this happens? 13) ___________
A. Laryngopharynx
B. Uvula
C. Epiglottis
D. Glottis
14) Nerve impulses from ________ will result in a regular rhythm of inspiratory and expiratory
signals.
14) ____________
A. the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus
B. the chemoreceptor center
C. Broca's center
D. the ventral respiratory group
15) In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is __________. 15) ___________
A. about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin
B. greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin
C. about 1.5% of the total amount of oxygen carried in the blood
D. not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules
16) Which of the following is an untrue statement? 16) ____________
A. The largest fraction of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of
bicarbonate.
B. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by binding hemoglobin at the heme groups.
C. Carbonic anhydrase plays a central role in reversibly converting carbon dioxide into
carbonic acid.
D. The bicarbonate buffer found in blood is a major buffering system in maintaining proper
blood pH.
17) During an asthma attack, bronchioles become severely _______. Taking epinephrine
causes them to _______. 17) __________
A. constricted; dilate
B. dilated; constrict
C. mucus-filled; empty of mucus
D. both a and c
3

18) Central Chemoreceptors _____________. 18) ___________
A. are located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies
B. are exquisitely sensitive to increases in H+ concentrations in the brain
C. when activated cause increased respiration to “blow off” CO 2
D. B and C
19) Which of the following is true about lung cancer? 19) _____________
A. There is no connection between smoking and the likelihood of lung cancer.
B. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.
C. There are no new therapies being developed for lung cancer.
D. Tuberculosis is a form of lung cancer caused by smoking.
20) ____________ is an infectious lung disease caused by inhaling a mycobacterial pathogen.
20) _________
A. Asthma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Respiratory allergies
D. Emphysema
21) In healthy lungs the greatest resistance to air flow occurs in ______________. 21)
_____________
A. the main bronchi
B. the medium-sized bronchi
C. the respiratory bronchioles
D. the alveolar sac
22) Even the most forceful exhalation leaves air in the lungs; this is called the ______ and is
needed to _______. 22) __________
A. tidal volume; acquire adequate O2
B. vital capacity; remove adequate CO2
C. functional residual capacity; keep alveoli patent
D. residual volume; keep alveoli patent
23) Tidal volume is the amount of air ___________. 23) ___________
A. forcibly expelled after normal expiration
B. that moves into and then out of the lungs with each breath during normal quiet
breathing
C. remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
D. inhaled after normal inspiration
4

24) Infant respiratory distress syndrome occurs because premature infants lack the ability to
produce _______, which _______. 24) __________
A. mucus; traps bacteria
B. cilia; clear mucus from the trachea
C. surfactant; lowers surface tension
D. alveoli; causes them to become hypoxic
25) For an average person in a resting state the minute ventilation is approximately _________.
25) ______
A. 500 mls of air
B. 2000 mls of air
C. 6 L of air
D. 9 L of air
26) Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to ____ molecule(s) of O2.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
27) Surface area in the nasal cavity is increased by the presence of ________.
27) ______
A. olfactory folds
B. conchae
C. microvilli
D. soft palate
28) Red blood cells contain the enzyme _____, which catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid.
28 _________
A. carbonic anhydrase
B. carbon dioxide acidase
C. oxidase
D. catalase
29) Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. 29) _________
A. midbrain and medulla
B. upper spinal cord and medulla
C. medulla and pons
D. pons and midbrain
5

30) The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________. 30)
_________
A. expiratory reserve
B. reserve air
C. vital capacity
D. inspiratory reserve
31) Which statement about CO 2
is incorrect? 31) __________
A. CO2 concentrations are greater in venous blood than arterial blood.
B. CO2 accumulation in the blood is associated with a decrease in pH.
C. CO2 concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation.
D. CO2 dissolved in plasma is the most abundant storage site for this gas in blood.
32) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by
________. 32) ___________
A. filtration
B. diffusion
C. osmosis
D. passive transport
33) The auditory tube (Eustachian tube) drains into the __________. 33) ___________
A. nasopharynx
B. oropharynx
C. laryngopharynx
D. Nasal conchae
34) This structure prevents food from entering the airway. 34) ___________
A. Vestibular fold
B. Urula
C. Laryngopharynx
D. Epiglottis
35) Which respiratory-associated muscles would relax/contract if you were to inhale? 35)
_____________
A. diaphragm contracts, external intercostals would contract
B. diaphragm contracts, internal intercostals would relax
C. internal intercostals would contract and the abdominal muscles would relax
D. external intercostals would contract and diaphragm would relax
6

36) With regards to the esophagus and the trachea which statement or statements are true?
36) ___________
A. The esophagus is in front of the trachea
B. The trachea is comprised of C shaped cartilages that allow the esophagus to push into
the tracheal lumen as food passes by
C. The tracheal lumen is lined with ciliated epithelium
D. B and C
37) The respiratory membrane is a combination of ____________. 37) ___________
A. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
B. atria and alveolar sacs
C. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
D. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
38) During exercise ___________. 38) _____________
A. the minute volume stays the same
B. arterial PO 2 and PCO 2 remain constant
C. psychological stimuli play a small role
D. the rate but not the depth of breathing increases
39) The nose serves all the following functions except ___________. 39) ___________
A. warming and humidifying the air
B. cleansing the air
C. as the initiator of the cough reflex
D. as a passageway for air movement
40) The membrane that adheres to the outer surface of the lungs is the: 40) ______
A. respiratory membrane
B. visceral pleura
C. parietal pleura
D. parietal serosa
41) People that live at high altitude go through a process of acclimatization. Changes include:
41) ________
A. A decrease in the density of capillaries in the tissue beds
B. Increased hematocrit
C. Increased resting minute volume
D. B & C
42) A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate? 42) __________
A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. No effect
D. No effect unless lung damage is present
7

43) The underlying problem with emphysema is that __________. 43) __________
A. there is a buildup of mucous
B. it is generally caused by smoking
C. it is a bronchitis like condition due to a viral infection
D. it involves the progressive destruction of the alveolar walls
44) The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a gas mixture is the __________ of that gas.
44) __________
A. partial force
B. partial percentage
C. partial volume
D. partial pressure
45) With regards to the esophagus and the trachea which statement or statements are true?
45) ___________
A. The esophagus is in front of the trachea
B. The trachea is comprised of C shaped cartilages that allow the esophagus to push into
the tracheal lumen as food passes by
C. The tracheal lumen is lined with ciliated epithelium
D. B and C
8

1) D
2) C
3) A
4) C
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) D
9) B
10) B
11) D
12) A
13) C
14) D
15) C
16) B
17) A
18) D
19) B
20) B
21) B
22) D
23) B
24) C
25) D
26) D
27) B
28) A
29) C
30) D
31) D
32) B
33) A
34) D
35) A
36) C
37) D
38) B
39) C
40) B
41) D
42) B
43) D
44) D
45) C
9