ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS
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Slovak University of Technology<br />
Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava<br />
<strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong><br />
<strong>AND</strong> <strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Unit 1 - Electromagnetism
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Power system<br />
protection
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
• Electric charge<br />
• Electric potential<br />
• Electric current<br />
• Electric power<br />
• Magnetic properties<br />
+ −<br />
B<br />
Power system<br />
protection<br />
H
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
• DC<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
•AC<br />
• Alternating Voltages and Currents<br />
• Three phase Circuits<br />
• Impedance<br />
•RLC circuits<br />
U an<br />
U cn<br />
n<br />
U ab<br />
U bn<br />
I b<br />
U ca<br />
Power system<br />
protection<br />
U bc<br />
I c
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Power system<br />
protection<br />
classification of instruments<br />
Analog<br />
- Permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) instruments<br />
- Moving iron (Iron-vane) instruments<br />
- Electrodynamic instruments<br />
- Vibrating reed frequency meter<br />
Digital<br />
- principle of sampling and quantization<br />
- D-A conversion - basic principle<br />
- integrating ADCs<br />
- block schematic diagram of digital instr.
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Electrical machines:<br />
transformers<br />
induction machines<br />
DC machines<br />
synchronous machines<br />
special machines<br />
Power system<br />
protection
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Electronics<br />
passive elements<br />
diodes<br />
transistors (BJT, FET)<br />
technology IC<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Power system<br />
protection
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Converters and sensors<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Power system<br />
protection<br />
Converters<br />
sensors<br />
P<br />
N<br />
P<br />
N
Course <strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> <strong>AND</strong><br />
<strong>ELECTRONICS</strong><br />
Electromagnetics<br />
Power system protection<br />
Circuit theory<br />
Electrical<br />
measurements<br />
Electrical<br />
machines<br />
• Fuses<br />
• Circuit Breaker<br />
• Safety<br />
Electronics<br />
Converters<br />
and sensors<br />
Power system<br />
protection
Unit 1 - Electromagnetism<br />
• Electricity<br />
From the word “Elektron”<br />
Greek for “amber”<br />
(Demo)
Where do we find electrical circuits?<br />
• Communications<br />
Radio, internet, telephone, television<br />
• Data Processing<br />
Desktop computers, servers<br />
• Automobiles<br />
displays, sensors, motors<br />
• Home<br />
lighting, heating, appliances<br />
• Weather Stations<br />
wind speed, precipitation, temperature<br />
• Power Plants<br />
moving magnets, transformers
Types of Electricity<br />
• Static Electricity - no motion of free<br />
charges<br />
• Current Electricity - motion of free<br />
charges<br />
Direct Current (DC)<br />
Alternating Current (AC)
Voltage<br />
• Voltage is the measure of the potential<br />
to move electrons.<br />
• Sources of Voltage<br />
Batteries (DC)<br />
v ( t ) =<br />
9V<br />
Wall Outlets (AC)<br />
v( t<br />
)<br />
=<br />
110V sin(120πt<br />
)
Power and Energy<br />
• Power - the rate of energy conversion<br />
• Units: Watts<br />
• Equation: p=iv<br />
• Resistors convert electrical energy into<br />
heat energy.<br />
p = iv<br />
p = -iv<br />
Power delivered by a battery<br />
Power dissipated by a resistor
Kirchhoff’s Current Law<br />
• “The net current in a node is zero.”<br />
• For example…
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law<br />
• “The sum of the voltages in any<br />
closed loop is zero.”
More Circuit Symbols<br />
• DC Voltage Supply<br />
• AC Voltage Supply<br />
• Open Circuit<br />
• Closed Circuit<br />
• Short Circuit<br />
• DC Current Supply<br />
• AC Current Supply
Resistor Equations<br />
• Ohm’s Law: v = iR<br />
• Resistance:<br />
R =<br />
ρL<br />
A<br />
Length in<br />
Meters (m)<br />
Resistance in<br />
Ohms (Ω)<br />
Resistivity in<br />
Ohms-meters (Ω m)<br />
Cross-sectional Area<br />
In square meters (m 2 )
<strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> SYMBOLS
<strong>ELECTRICAL</strong> SYMBOLS
Electromagnetic Spectrum<br />
Visible Spectrum<br />
700 nm 400 nm
Introduction to Electromagnetic<br />
Fields<br />
• Electromagnetics is the study of the effect of<br />
charges at rest and charges in motion.<br />
• Some special cases of electromagnetics:<br />
Electrostatics: charges at rest<br />
Magnetostatics: charges in steady motion (DC)<br />
Electromagnetic waves: waves excited by charges<br />
in time-varying motion
Introduction to Electromagnetic<br />
Fields<br />
Fundamental laws of<br />
classical electromagnetics<br />
Maxwell’s<br />
equations<br />
Special<br />
cases<br />
Electrostatics<br />
Magnetostatics<br />
Electromagnetic<br />
waves<br />
Geometric<br />
Opticscs<br />
Input from<br />
other<br />
disciplines<br />
Statics:<br />
∂<br />
∂t<br />
≡ 0<br />
Circuit<br />
Theory<br />
Transmission<br />
Line<br />
Theory<br />
Kirchoff’s<br />
Laws<br />
d
Introduction to Electromagnetic<br />
Fields<br />
• Fundamental vector field quantities in<br />
electromagnetics:<br />
( E)<br />
Electric field intensity<br />
units = volts per meter (V/m = kg m/A/s 3 )<br />
Electric flux density (electric displacement)<br />
units = coulombs per square meter (C/m 2 = A s /m 2 )<br />
Magnetic field intensity<br />
units = amps per meter (A/m)<br />
Magnetic flux density<br />
( B)<br />
( H )<br />
units = teslas = webers per square meter (T =<br />
Wb/ m 2 = kg/A/s 3 )<br />
( D)
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