Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste ...

| ALR 

| AWT 

| BIO 

| CH 

| IWT 

| LFKW 

| SIA 

| SOA 

| TAL 

| WGW 

Universität Stuttgart 

Institute report 2006-2007 

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, 

Water Quality and Solid Waste 

Management

Institute report 2006-2007 


Water Quality and Solid Waste Management | ISWA 

Bandtäle 2

Content 

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality 

and Solid Waste Management 

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Quality Management 

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Waterrecycling 

Water Quality Management and Water Supply | WGW 

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology | IWT 

Wastewater Technology | AWT 

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions 

Solid Waste | SIA 

Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Sites | SOA 

Measuring in Air Pollution Control | TAL 

Biological Air Purification | ALR 

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology 

Hydrochemistry | CH 

Biology | BIO 

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education | LFKW 

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Management ISWA 



Management 

Bandtäle 2 

70569 Stuttgart 

Germany 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63711 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

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The Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management 

(ISWA) is a research and training facility of the University of Stuttgart 

(Universität Stuttgart) within the faculty of “Civil and Environmental Engineering 

Sciences”. The University’s Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Teaching, 

which is situated within the institute, is unique throughout Europe. 

Experts from various engineering and natural sciences 

work together at our institute on an interdisciplinary 

basis. Our principal areas of expertise are the classical 

engineering tasks in the environmental fields of water, 

wastewater, solid waste, soil and exhaust air. 

The continuous development of technical facilities and 

practical methods in the fields of industrial and municipal 

supply and disposal are the focus of our interest. 

Our experience is also incorporated in the monitoring 

and development of quality assurance measures and 

management systems. 

Our institute, which is known today as the Institute for 

Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste 

Management (ISWA), was founded as the “Institute 

for Sanitary Engineering and Health Technology” in the 

early 1950s. At that time it was the first educational 

establishment in Germany for civil engineers in the 

field of water and solid waste in urban development. In 

the 1970s the first chair of solid waste management at 

a German university was created. Today, our institute 

is one of the largest of its kind in the world. 

We offer a large variety of study courses 

The four chairs at the ISWA – Sanitary Engineering 

and Water Quality Management, Sanitary Engineering 

and Water Recycling, Solid Waste Management 

and Exhaust Air, Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology 

6 

in Sanitary Engineering – represent the broad spectrum 

of environmental issues that occupy us in two 

departments and seven sections. Our institute offers 

numerous courses and internships in basic and specialized 

studies as well as student research projects, 

dissertations, Bachelor- and Master’s theses for the 

following courses of study: 

• Civil Engineering 

• Environmental Engineering 

• WAREM (Water Resources Engineering and Management) 

• WASTE (Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste 

Water Process Engineering) 

• Infrastructure Planning 

• Geography 

• Technical Biology 

• real estate technic and -industry 

• EDUBRAS-MAUI 

For the first time, ISWA introduced a M. Sc. course 

under German administration at the public university 

UFBR of Curitiba, Brazil. The project named „Export of 

German universitary education“ is funded by DAAD. 

Therewith, courses of ISWA are also offered overseas. 

In addition there are courses for students of process 

engineering, real estate management, biology and chemistry. 

We also participate in the international doctoral 

candidate programme ENWAT (Environment Water) of

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management ISWA 

the University of Stuttgart (Universität Stuttgart), as 

well as in programmes for extracurricular training and 

continuing professional development. 

Scientific collaboration 

Under the auspices of the ISWA, scientific colloquia 

and congresses on current topics of national significance 

relating to sanitary engineering and solid waste 

management have been held since 1957. Our academic 

employees are represented on numerous national 

and international boards as well as on technical and 

standardization committees of various technical-scientific 

organizations. 

The ISWA facilities 

The institute currently employs around 120 people; 

five professors and about sixty academic employees, 

supported by a considerable number of academic and 

student assistants as well as technical and administrative 

staff. 

All necessary facilities, from the research treatment 

plant, laboratories and lecture rooms, to the technical 

library and computer workstations equipped with 

specialist applications, are available for university teaching 

and research. One of the special features of our 

institute is the sewage treatment plant for research 

and education, which routinely also cleans the wastewater 

from the campus in Vaihingen and the district 

Stuttgart Büsnau. 

Our laboratories are excellently equipped for extensive 

investigations in a wide variety of environmental 

fields (water, wastewater, solid waste/soil, air). We 

have a large amount of (online) measuring equipment 

available for experiments on a laboratory scale, semitechnical 

scale and technical scale. In particular, this 

includes equipment for organic trace analysis; in part, 

these are operated using special coupling techniques 

for mass spectrometry (GCMS-MS, HPLCMS- MS). We 

also utilize computer supported prediction methods. 

With the aid of specially designed computer applications, 

modelling of processes in water and wastewater 

treatment is possible; measures in the fields of rainwater 

management and waste management concepts 

can be modelled, as well as geochemical simulations 

being carried out. The continuously improved computer 

simulations serve process control or decision making 

at various levels. 

Focal points of teaching and research 

Our activities under the chairs of sanitary engineering 

and water quality management and Sanitary Engineering 

and Water Recycling are concentrated around the 

minimization of the anthropogenic influence on water 

bodies and the natural hydrologic cycle during water 

extraction, and are engaged in the optimized treatment 

and sustainable use of water resources, as well as effective, 

environmentally friendly wastewater discharge 

and treatment. Internationally, water resources management 

in particular is of increasing importance in 

the rapidly growing urban areas of the developing and 

emerging countries in different climatic zones. 

The chair of solid waste management and exhaust air 

develops solutions ranging from waste avoidance to 

routes for material recycling and energy exploitation 

of waste, and their environmentally friendly disposal, 

including controlling the resulting emissions. Waste 

management is interdisciplinarily embedded in both a 

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scientific-technical and socio-economic context. Here, 

too, international cooperation projects are highly valued, 

but also regional integration, e.g. via the Kompetenzzentrum 

Umwelttechnik – KURS e.V. (Competence 

Centre Environmental Engineering). 

The chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology in Sanitary 

Engineering addresses questions on sanitary engineering 

and solid waste management using natural 

scientific methods. In particular, the occurrence and 

behaviour of environmental chemicals (e.g. eliminatability, 

accumulation, mobility) in surface waters and 

groundwater, in water and wastewater treatment, as 

well as in soil and waste, are investigated. Moreover, 

analytical quality assurance takes a high priority. The 

close association of interdisciplinary research, teaching 

and practice in all areas of our institute is achieved by 

a constant discourse with external partners and research 

facilities as well as with clients, public and private 

facilities. Beside work on research and development 

projects, we offer external partners numerous 

services, consulting and expert’s advisory services as 

well as continuing education programmes. 

8 

The professors of ISWA together with their collegues 

from IWS founded the „Wasserforschungszentrum 

Stuttgart“ - wfz (Water Research Center Stuttgart) end 

of 2007. The wfz is an international engineering center 

for water research that supports and interdisciplinarily 

networks teaching (academic studies), instruction 

(pHD students), research and practice.

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management ISWA 

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality 

and Solid Waste Management 

Managing Director: 

o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rott 

Board of Management: 

Full professors — Department Heads 

Head of Administrativ Office — Manager of the Waste Water Treatment Plant 


Water Quality Management and Water Supply 

Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke 

Wastewater Technology 

Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe 

Biological Air Purification 

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Heinrich Engesser 

Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Sites 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Erwin Thomanetz 

Hydrochemistry 

o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil Jörg W. Metzger 

Administrative Office ISWA 

Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Mollweide 



o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert 

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology 

Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel 

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling 

o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz 

Solid Waste Management 

Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer 

Measuring and Air Pollution Control 

Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser 


o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil Jörg W. Metzger 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Biology 

Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 

Research and Teaching Wastewater Treatment 

Plant; Dr.-Ing. Manfred Roth 

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Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water 

Quality Management 


Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water 

Recycling 


Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW 


Industrial Water and Waste Water Technology IWT 


Sewage Technology AWT 


11

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management 

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Quality 

Management, Chair of Sanitary Engineering and 

Water Recycling 

Research 

The Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Quality 

Management as well as the Chair of Sanitary Engineering 

and Water Recycling are engaged in a wide range 

of activities. These include the fields of pure and applied 

research, the consulting of governmental, municipal 

and industrial partners and the completion of research 

and development contracts on behalf of private, 

industrial and public sponsors. As activities of the Field 

of „Wastewater Technology“, stormwater treatment 

and discharge, concept development for urban drainage, 

planning of sewage networks and minimisation 

of infiltration water can be mentioned. Another area of 

key activities includes the further development of biological 

and advanced wastewater treatment processes, 

in particular of anaerobic, membrane and disinfection 

processes, measurement and control technologies, 

water-recycling as well as the assessment and survey 

of planning and process engineering methods. Moreover, 

topics such as energy optimisation, employment 

of alternative energy resources in wastewater treatment 

and recycling of valuable materials and nutrients 

are encompassed. For a worldwide implementation, 

concepts and technologies for reutilization of water are 

tested and dimensioning principles for tropic climates 

are developed. Finally, neutral evaluation of performance 

of individual process stages, e.g. oxygen intake 

measurements, as well as of entire water purification 

facilities and small sewage plants according to DIN 

4262 and EN 12566-3 respectively is conducted. 

In the department Water Quality Management and 

Water Supply, as the name implies, attention is paid 

both to water quality management and water supply. 

In terms of water quality management, major focus is 

given to the analysis of water body quality and to the 

investigation of impacts of water saving measures and 

of rain water management and usage. 

Attention is also given to the precautionary protection 

of drinking water resources, e.g. in terms of research 

on the pesticides’ pathway into surface water bodies or 

on the interactions of industrial waste water pretreatment/management 

and the subsequent treatment in 

public plants. 

Competence is superabound particularly with regard to 

modelling and simulation of the transformation of indirectly 

discharged waste waters in the course of their 

transport and of their treatment along with municipal 

12 

waste waters. The development of procedurally, ecologically 

and economically optimised water recycling 

concepts for various industries such as textile finishing, 

leather, paper, milk and beverage industry, is 

also one the core competences. 

In terms of water supply, issues regarding subterranean 

water treatment like denitrification and removal 

of iron, manganese and arsenic are addressed. Significant 

focus is also given to membrane applications, 

advanced oxidation processes and anaerobic biological 

processes for the allocation of drinking and service 

waters in industry. Furthermore, the department 

deals with all issues related to transport, storage and 

distribution of drinking water, e.g. hygienic problems 

resulting due to excess retention times in the water 

distribution network. 

At the IWT department (Industrial Water and Wastewater 

Technology), we specialize in redefining plant 

internal processes and production integrated environmental 

protection, processing and cleaning wastewater 

as well as the recirculation and discharge of industrial 

wastewater. 

Due to our systematic procedures and many years of 

experience we are able to represent our customers 

from the different sectors of the industry with a considerably 

wide range of economical as well as ecological 

solutions and potentials. We emphasis mainly 

in offering our professional advice to clients from the 

textile finishing industry and paper industry, gastronomy- 

and food-industry, the cosmetic and pharmaceutical 

industry, the chemical as well as the metal and 

automobile industry. Alongside plant internal solutions 

we also create decentral as well as central solutions 

by developing extensive purification processes for the 

treatment of industrial wastewater at communal treatment 

plants. Therefore a series of aerobic and anaerobic 

biological degradation tests are carried out in 

advance. 

Further emphasis of ours is the treatment of leachate 

of landfills using biological and chemical-physical processes. 

For example we are developing adaptable modular 

processes for the aftercare operations of landfills 

at reduced leachate levels and toxic concentrations. 

Therefore the use of carbon adsorption processes and 

membrane processes play an essential role in our 

work. Here at the IWT department we also deal with 

topics such as water and waste recycling as well as saving 

resources. Exemplary is our expert’s assessment

of industrial residues as alternative fuel in the cement 

industry as well as the sludge incineration in cement 

plants. 

Further more at the IWT department we specialize in 

developing international study courses and curriculum 

exchanges at universities and academies abroad, for 

example the initiation of the Master of Science program 

“EDUBRAS-MAUI - Kommunaler und industrieller 

Umweltschutz” in Curitiba/ Brazil. 

A further research topic that is being researched here 

at the IWT department is the complex theme “Wastewater 

containing mineral oil”. Head of the department 

Dr. Menzel, was appointed as the expert for this project 

by the “Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)” 

in Berlin. As a result of being appointed as part of the 

expert-committee, the IWT department was then appointed 

as the official inspection office. The department 

is responsible for carrying out practical tests at 

different plants to ensure the reduction of hydrocarbon 

in wastewater containing mineral oil. 

Courses and Lectures 

Chair professors, assistant professors and researchers 

supervise students in the following courses: 

• In the basic course “Sanitary Engineering” and in 

the specialised courses “Water Quality and Water 

Supply” and “Wastewater Technology” for German 

graduands of the civil engineering course. 

Thereby, the following core lectures are offered: 

“Water Quality Management”, “Water Treatment”, 

Design of Water Treatment Plants”, “Construction 

and Operation of Sewer Systems”, “Highly Efficient 

Biological Wastewater Treatment”, “Industrial 

Wastewater”, “Design of Wastewater Treatment 

Plants” as well as “Sewer Systems and Stormwater 

Treatment”. Besides, the following complementary 

courses are offered: “Water Supply in Remote 

Areas”, “Practical Work on Location for Water Quality 

and Water Supply”, “Water Supply Networks”, 

“Control and Simulation of Wastewater Treatment 

Plants”, Monitoring and Operation of Wastewater 

Treatment Plants” and “Practical Work on Wastewater 

Treatment Plants”. 

• In the basic courses “Water Management I” and 

“Sanitary Engineering, Disposal Techniques I” for 

German graduands of the environmental enginee- 



ring course. The main course is divided into three 

specialised areas: “Water Supply and Water Quality 

Management”, “Wastewater Treatment” and 

“Industrial Wastewater” along with numerous core 

and complementary lectures. 

• In the Master-Program Infrastructure Planning in 

English language in the courses “Water Supply and 

Water Distribution”, “Water Quality Management”, 

“Wastewater Technology” and “Water Treatment”. 

• In the Master-Program Water Resources Engineering 

and Management (WAREM) oriented for foreign 

students with “Water Quality Management”, 

“Waste Water Technology”, Biological and Advanced 

Wastewater Treatment”, “Water Supply and 

Water Distribution” as well as “Water Treatment” 

and as optional lectures “Design of Sewer Systems 

and Stormwater Treatment”, “Treatment of 

Industrial Wastewater” as well as “Water Quality 

Measurements on Location”. 

• In the Master-Program Air Quality Control, Solid 

Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering 

(WASTE) oriented for foreign students with core 

and optional lectures in all fields of domestic and 

industrial wastewater disposal and treatment as 

well as of water quality and management. 

• In Curitiba/Brazil, the Master-Program “EDUBRAS- 

MAUI” (Meio Ambient Urbano e Rural – Domestic 

and Industrial Environment Protection” was introduced 

by the department IWT with German 

standards and co-ordination. In this new Master- 

Program, Brazilian students are qualified in the 

scope of the German Program “Study Proposals 

by German Faculties Overseas”, sponsored by the 

German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The 

title “Master of Science” shall be acknowledged in 

Brazil and Germany and its accreditation shall be 

aimed. 

Furthermore, some lectures are offered for students 

of process engineering. The proposed lectures are 

completed by various excursions of one or more days, 

practical works as well as by the periodic seminar 

“Wastewater Technology” and “Water Supply and Water 

Quality Management”. 

By means of seminars and colloquia, a high number of 

events for continuing education are offered. These are 

preferably organised in co-operation with DWA, DVGW 

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and BWK. Other events to be emphasised are the periodic 

colloquia for Wastewater Treatment and Potable 

Water, the course for Water Sampling by order of The 

Ministry for Environment of Baden-Württemberg as 

well as the lectures in the scope of the correspondence 

course “Water and Environment” at the Bauhaus Universität 

Weimar. 

The chair’s international activities continuously increase 

in importance. Apart from the Master-Programm 

“EDUBRAS-MAUI”, the department IWT offers other 

14 

courses internationally. In the scope of the Program 

“Export of German Study Proposals” of the model project 

“Study Proposals on Environmental Engineering in 

Brazil – Summer School” by DAAD, classes are offered 

during three weeks in different Federal States of Brazil. 

Last but not least, the supervision of study seminars, 

independent studies, master theses and design works 

is an important aspect for the formation of junior researchers. 

Excursion with international students to decentralized stormwater discharge and infiltration facilities; here open 

channel in a housing area

Dissertations 

Aufbereitung von Spülwässern bei der hydrau- 

lischen In-situ-Sanierung 

Birgit Memminger (2006) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott, 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse 

Development of a Knowledge Based Decicion 

Support System for Private Sector Participation 

in Water and Sanitation Utilities 

Carla Conçalves Pinheiro Böhl (2007) 


Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr.-Ing. habil. András Bárdossy 

Verfahrenstechnische Möglichkeiten zur Entfernung 

von organischen Spurenstoffen aus kommunalem 

Abwasser 

Corinna Schrader (2007) 


Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Pinnekamp 

Publications 

Antakyalı, D., Krampe, J., Steinmetz H., Hafner G., 

Kranert M.: “Turizm bölgelerinde atıksu arıtımı, katı 

atık yönetimi ve enerji kazanımına bütünleyici bakış: 

MODULAARE”. TMMOB Çevre Mühendisleri Odası, 7. 

Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi, 24-27 Ekim 2007, 

İzmir, Türkiye 

English title: “An integrated approach on the wastewater 

treatment, solid waste disposal and energy recovery 

in tourist resorts: MODULAARE” 

Gasse, J.: Keimbelastung in Fließgewässern - Quellen 

und Ansätze zur Bilanzierung. Kleines Institutstreffen, 

14./15. Februar 2006, Stuttgart 

Gasse, J., Krampe, J.: Keimbelastung in Fließgewässern 

– Untersuchungen im Einzugsgebiet des Bodensees. 

Dienstbesprechung Kommunales Abwasser und 

Gewässerschutz, Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg, 

11./12. Juli 2006, Pfedelbach 

Gasse, J., Krampe, J.: Auswirkungen von Abwassereinleitungen 

auf die hygienische Gewässerqualität. DWA 

Landesverbandstagung Baden-Württemberg, 18./19. 

Oktober 2007, Pforzheim 



Integrated Ressource Planning to Meet Future 

Demand in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia 

Hassan Shawly (2007) 



Multi-objective and Risk-based Modelling Methodology 

for Planning, Design and Operation of 

Water Supply Systems 

Aleksandar Trifkovic (2007) 



Kauffmann, H., et al.: In-situ treatment of arsenic contaminated 

groundwater in West Bengal / India. Poster, 

As 2006, Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin 

America, Mexico City, 20. – 23.06.2006 

Kauffmann, H., et al.: Groundwater use in irrigation 

in the Mature Delta of West Bengal. Poster, European 

Groundwater Conference, Vienna, 22. - 23.06.2006 

Kauffmann, H., et al.: Arsenic Removal from Groundwater 

in West-Bengal / India by Means of In-situ Treatment. 

Poster, European Groundwater Conference, Vienna, 

22. - 23. June 2006 

Krampe, J.: Vergleich verschiedener Druckbelüftungssysteme 

unter Betriebsbedingungen in kommunalen 

Kläranlagen, in: Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, 

Band 186, S. 59 – 77, Oldenbourg 

Verlag, München, 2006 

Krampe, J., Kaebert, S.: Stand der Belüftungstechnik 

in Baden-Württemberg. Jahresbesprechung der Lehrer 

des DWA-Landesverbandes Baden-Württemberg, 30. 

März 2006, Stuttgart 

15


Krampe, J., Schrader, C.: Technische Möglichkeiten zur 

Elimination organischer Spurenstoffe bei der Abwasserbeseitigung. 

Kongress des Umweltministeriums Baden-Württemberg: 

Arzneimittel – Spurenschadstoffe 

im Wasserkreislauf und Boden, 17. Mai 2006, Stuttgart 

Krampe, J., Laufer, R.: Abwasserreinigung mit Membrantechnologie 

- Die Kläranlage Schramberg-Waldmössingen. 

Dienstbesprechung kommunales Abwasser 

und Gewässerschutz des Umweltministeriums Baden- 

Württemberg, 11. Juli 2006, Pfedelbach 

Krampe, J., Waizenegger, K.: Membran-Scheibentauchkörper 

für den dezentralen Einsatz. 9. VDMA-Wasserund 

Abwassertagung, 30. November 2006, Frankfurt 

Krampe, J., Weidelener, A.: Umgang mit Fremdwasserproblemen 

- Erfahrungen in Baden-Württemberg, 

Auswirkungen auf Kanal, Kläranlage und Gewässer. 

DWA Fortbildungsveranstaltung „Umgang mit Fremdwasserproblemen“, 

14. Juni 2007, Freudenstadt 

Krampe, J., Weidelener, A.: Phosphorrückgewinnung 

auf Kläranlagen. Dienstbesprechung kommunales Abwasser 

und Gewässerschutz des Umweltministeriums 

Baden-Württemberg, 20. Juni 2007, Rastatt 

Krampe, J., Pressinotti, F.: Evaluation of Wastewater 

Treatment in Trickling Filters under High Temperatures. 

H2O Vietnam 2007 – Networking the Water Industries, 

19. Oktober 2007, Ho Chi Minh City 

Krampe, J., Pressinotti, F.: Tropfkörper bei höheren Abwassertemperaturen. 

3. DWA Workshop „Betriebserfahrungen 

von Tropfkörperanlagen“, 15. November 

2007, Markgröningen 

Lumpp, K., Rott, U.: In-situ-Arsenelimination aus 

Grundwässern - Beispiel West-Bengalen. Stuttgarter 

Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Bd. 185, 

2/2006 

Lumpp, K.: Untersuchungen zum Einsatz der In-situ- 

Aufbereitung zur Arsenelimination in West-Bengalen / 

Indien. Poster, 39. Essener Tagung für Wasser- und 

Abfallwirtschaft, Essen, 29. - 31.03.2006 

Lumpp, K., et al.: In-situ treatment of arsenic contaminated 

groundwater in West Bengal / India. Poster, 

As 2006, Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin 

America, Mexico City, 20. – 23.06.2006 

16 

Menzel, U.: Wirtschaftlich und ökologisch verantwort- 

licher Umgang mit Wasser in der Textilindustrie. Vor- 

trag bei der Veranstaltung „effiziente Wassernutzung 

in der Industrie im Rahmen des KFW-Programms „Industrial 

pollution abatement project (IPAP)“ in Kooperation 

mit der türkischen Entwicklungsbank TSKB, 

02.05.2006, Istanbul, Türkei 

Menzel, U.: Produktionsintegrierter Umweltschutz in 

der Industrie. Vortrag im Rahmen des KFW-Programms 

„Industrial pollution abatement project (IPAP) in Kooperation 

mit der türkischen Entwicklungsbank TSKB, 

03.05.2006, Adana, Türkei 

Menzel, U.: Weitergehende Textilabwasserreinigung 

am Beispiel des AFF-Verfahrens der Kläranlage Albstadt. 

Vortrag im großen Sitzungssaal der Stadt Albstadt 

im Rahmen des Programms „Projekt- und Umweltmanagement, 

Umwelttechnik anlässlich eines 

Studienaufenthaltes von Umweltexperten aus Brasilien. 

Veranstalter: Wirtschaftsministerium BW, Landestiftung 

BW und Entwicklungs GmbH (Inwent), 

17.05.2006, Albstadt 

Menzel, U.: Vorstellung und Einführung des neuen 

Umweltschutz - Masterstudienganges: Meio ambiente 

urbano e industrial (MAUI) an der Universidade Federal 

do Paraná“. Vortrag im Rahmen des 1. offiziellen 

EDUBRAS - Treffens am Nationalen Umwelttechnologiezentrum 

SENAI im Rahmen des DAAD Projektes: 

„Studienangebote deutscher Hochschulen im Ausland.“, 

26.09.2006, Curitiba / Brasilien 

Menzel, U.: Leachate Treatment, Vortrag im Rahmen 

des „International Workshop on Waste- and Leachate 

-Treatment Technologies“ bei der Fa. Faber GmbH, 

04.12.2006, Alzey 

Menzel, U.: Lançamento do Programa de Mestrado 

Profissional – EDUBRAS. Eröffnungsvortrag zur Einführung 

des Masterstudiengangs „kommunaler und 

industrieller Umweltschutz - EDUBRAS“ an der Universidade 

Federal do Paraná (UFPR) im Rahmen der 

Eröffnungsveranstaltung im Vortragssaal der Universidade 

da Indústria (UNINDUS), 14.03.2007, Curitiba, 

Brasilien 

Menzel, U., Neuffer, D.: Einführung von deutschen umweltschutztechnischen 

Studiengängen an Hochschulen 

in Brasilien - EDUBRAS“, Zwischenbericht 2006 des 

Modellprojektes „Studienangebote deutscher Hochschulen 

im Ausland des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes 

- DAAD, 25.04.2007, Stuttgart

Menzel, U.: Stuttgart teaches „Environmental Techno- 

logies (EDUBRAS)“ in Brazil. Artikel erschienen im Stu- 

dyGuide Baden-Württemberg, URL: http://www.studyguide-bw.com/events/1797/. 

09.07.2007, Stuttgart 

Menzel, U., Metzger, J.W.: Implementation of German 

environmental engineering Master of Science programmes 

at universities in Brazil under German supervision 

and at German standards – EDUBRAS. Vortrag 

im Rahmen des 3. Deutsch-Brasilianischen-Symposiums 

- Nachhaltige Entwicklung, an der Universität 

Freiburg, 23.07.2007, Freiburg 

Menzel, U.: UFPR lança mestrado em Meio Ambiente 

em parceria com Stuttgart. Artikel erschienen in 

„Deutsche Welle“, URL: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/ 

article/0,2144,2706092,00.html, 25.07.2007, Bonn 

Menzel, U.: In Brasilien lässt sich noch viel erreichen. 

Artikel erschienen in der Stuttgarter Zeitung Nr. 

213/2007, 14.09.2007, Stuttgart 

Menzel, U.: Umwelttechnologien für Megastädte. Artikel 

erschienen in Baukalender Informations-Fachportal, 

URL: http://www.baukalender.de/nachrichten_detail2.php?nr=519, 


Menzel, U.: Processos de tratamento de água e efluentes 

avançados. Pós Graduação em Gerenciamento 

de Águas e Efluentes. Vortrag an der FACULDADE DE 

TECNOLOGIA SENAI BLUMENAU. 14 e 15 de Setembro 

e 28 e 29 de Outubro 2007, Blumenau, Brasilien 

Menzel, U.: Innovation through the transfer of technology 

and knowledge between Germany and Brazil. 

German Environmental Technology Master Course at 

UFPR and SENAI-PR (EDUBRAS). Symposium of Cooperation 

Projects in the area of Innovation, Research 

and Development, German-Brazilian Innovation Forum, 

Vortrag im Rahmen der Deutsch–Brasilianischen 

Wirtschaftstage, 20.11.2007, Blumenau /Brasilien 

Menzel, U.: Umwelttechnologien für Megastädte“, Artikel 

im Stuttgarter unikurier Ausgabe Nr. 100,Dezember 

2007, S 88-89, Stuttgart 

Meyer, C., Rott U., Schmidt, S., Minke, R.: A novel and 

cost-effective approach on preventive water pollution 

control. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference 

on Environmental Science and Technology, 

Houston, Texas, August 6-9, 2007 



Meyer, C., Rott U.: Simultaneous Drinking Water Winning 

and Treatment by In-Situ Bioreactors, Proceedings 

of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental 

Science and Technology, Houston, Texas, August 6-9, 

2007 

Meyer, C.: Die gesplittete Abwassergebühr in der Praxis 

(Vortrag), Kronimus AG, Rastatt, Hotel Holiday Inn 

Garden Court, 08.11.2007 

Meyer, C.: Die gesplittete Abwassergebühr in der Praxis 

(Vortrag), Kronimus AG, Baden-Baden, Holland 

Hotel Sophienpark, 08.11.2007 

Minke, R.: Wassergefährdende Stoffe. Vortrag im Rahmen 

des DWA-Grundkurs „Der Gewässerschutzbeauftragte“, 


Minke, R.: Technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen 

im anlagenbezogenen betrieblichen Gewässerschutz. 

Vortrag im Rahmen des DWA-Grundkurs „Der 

Gewässerschutzbeauftragte“, 10.05.2006, Stuttgart 

Minke, R., Rott, U., Weireter, K.: Planung und Umsetzung 

eines innovativen Abwasserkonzepts bei der 

Firma Ploucquet Textiles Zittau. In: Preprints des Colloquium 

produktionsintegrierte Wasser-/Abwassertechnik 

„Innovative Wasseraufbereitung industrieller 

Abwässer“ vom 13.-14. September 2006, Bremen, S. 

D13 – D23 

Minke, R., Rott, U.: Planning and Application of an Innovative 

Wastewater Concept in a Textile Processing 

Company. In: Proceedings of the 7th International 

Symposium on Waste Management Problems in Agro- 

Industries, 27-29 September 2006, Amsterdam, p. 

213 – 220 

Minke, R.: Wassergefährdende Stoffe: Technische und 

organisatorische Maßnahmen im anlagenbezogenen 

betrieblichen Gewässerschutz. Vortrag im Rahmen des 

DWA-Aufbaukurs „Der Gewässerschutzbeauftragte“, 


Minke, R.: Indirekteinleiter: Anforderungen an das 

Einleiten von Abwasser aus Industriebetrieben mit 

Fallbeispielen. Vortrag im Rahmen des DWA-Aufbaukurs 

„Der Gewässerschutzbeauftragte“, 23.11.2006, 

Stuttgart 

17


Minke, R.: Farbe in der Fehla –Untersuchung der Ursachen 

und Erarbeitung von Lösungsansätzen. Vortrag 

im Rahmen der „Dienstbesprechung Industrieabwasser 

und Umgang mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen“ des 

Regierungspräsidiums Tübingen, 10.05.2007, Landratsamt 

Bodenseekreis Friedrichshafen 

Minke, R., Rott, U., Schmidt, S., Meyer, C.: A novel 

and cost-effective approach on Preventive Water Pollution 

Control. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International 

Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 

6.-9. August 2007, Houston, Texas 

Minke, R., Rott, U.: Application of a novel Concept of 

Wastewater Pre-Treatment in Textile Finishing Industry. 

In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on 

Environmental Science and Technology, 6.-9. August 

2007, Houston, Texas 

Minke, R., Rott, U.: An innovative Wastewater Concept 

including Anaerobic Fixed Bed Technology for a Textile 

Processing Company. In: Proceedings of the 11th 

World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion “Bio-Energy 

for our Future”, 23.-27. September 2007, Brisbane, 

Australien 

Minke, R., Rott, U.: Optimierung der anaeroben Vorbehandlungsstufe 

für die Teilschrittabwässer der Firma 

Ploucquet Textiles Zittau. In: Tagungshandbuch der 

DECHEMA/DWA Industrietage Wassertechnik vom 13.- 

14. November 2007, Frankfurt, S. 3 

Pressinotti, F.: Einsatz des Tropfkörperverfahrens unter 

verschiedenen länderspezifischen Einflussfaktoren. 

Vortrag auf dem kleinen Institutstreffen, 14./15. Februar 

2006, Stuttgart 



Workshop im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundprojektes 

„Exportorientierte FuE auf dem Gebiet der Wasserverund 

-entsorgung“, Teil II: „Abwasserbehandlung und 

Wasserwiederverwendung“, 5./6. Mai 2006, Darmstadt 

Pressinotti, F., Krampe, J.: Avaliação de um filtro percolador 

alemão para tratamento de esgoto doméstico 

em escala piloto sob temperaturas tropicais. I Simpósio 

Nornestino de Saneamento Ambiental da ABES, 

22.-24. November 2006, João Pessoa, Brasilien 

18 



Vortrag auf dem DWA 3. Internationalen Forum (Co- 

Referent von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Orth), 27. – 28. Februar 

2007, Braunschweig 

Pressinotti, F.: Verschiedene Aspekte eines Tropfkörpers 

unter tropischen Temperaturen. Vortrag auf dem 

„Kleinen Institutstreffen“, 5. – 6. März 2007, Dresden 

Pressinotti, F.: Untersuchungen zur Abwasserreinigung 

im Tropfkörper bei hohen Temperaturen. Vortrag und 

Diskussion vor dem Fachausschuss DWA KA 6.3, 24. 

April 2007, Frankfurt 

Rott, U., Lumpp, K.: In-situ-Arsenelimination aus 

Grundwässern - Beispiel West-Bengalen. Stuttgarter 

Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Bd. 185, 

2/2006 

Rott, U., et al.: Elimination hormonell wirksamer Substanzen 

und Arzneimittel aus dem Abwasser. 39. Essener 

Tagung für Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, Essen, 

29.03.2006 

Rott, U., et al.: In-situ treatment of arsenic contaminated 

groundwater in West Bengal / India. Poster, As 

2006, Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin America, 

Mexico City, 20. – 23.06.2006 

Rott, U., et al.: Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in 

West Bengal / India by Means of In-situ Treatment. 

Poster, European Groundwater Conference, Vienna, 

22-23 June 2006 

Rott, U., et al.: Groundwater Use in Irrigation in the 

Mature Delta of West Bengal. Poster, European Groundwater 

Conference, Vienna, 22-23 June 2006 

Rott, U., Kauffmann, H.: In-Situ Groundwater Treatment. 

Europ. Comm. TIPOT-Project Symposium, Kolkata, 

15.- 17.01.2007 

Rott, U., Kauffmann, H.: In-Situ Groundwater Treatment. 

Europ. Comm. TIPOT-Project Symposium, Jamshedpur, 

19.01.2007 

Rott, U., Minke, R.: Application of a novel concept of 

wastewater pre-treatment in Textile Finishing Industry. 

Int. Conf. Env. Sc. and Techn., Houston, Texas, USA, 

06.- 09.08.2007

Rott, U., et al.: A novel and cost-effective approach on 

preventive water pollution control. Int. Conf. Env. Sc. 

and Techn., Houston, Texas, USA, 06.- 09.08.2007 

Rott, U., Meyer, C.: Simultaneous Drinking Water 

Winning and Treatment by In-situ Bioreactors. Int. 

Conf. Env. Sc. and Techn., Houston, Texas, USA, 

06.08.2007 

Rott, U., Minke, R.: Optimierung der anaeroben Vorbehandlungsstufe 

für Teilschrittabwässer der Textilveredelung. 

Dechema Industrietage Wassertechnik, Frankfurt, 

14.- 14.11.2007 

Schmidt, S., Rott U., Meyer C., Minke R.: „A novel and 

cost-effective approach on preventive water pollution 

control“ (Poster) the 3rd International Conference on 

Environmental Science and Technology, Houston, Texas, 

August 6-9, 2007 

Steinmetz*, H., Hansen, J., Knerr, H., Engelhart, M., 

Sagawe, G., Krystkiewicz, D.: Schließung von Wasserund 

Stoffkreisläufen - BMBF - Verbundprojekt KOM- 

PLETT. Tagungsband 25 „siwawi 2030- Themen und 

Lösungsansätze für die nächsten 25 Jahre“, FG Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, 

TU Kaiserslautern, S.195-210 

Steinmetz, H., Ebert, A.: Intelligente Visualisierung zur 

Erhöhung der Prozesstransparenz von Abwasserreinigungsanlagen. 

Tagungsband 25 „siwawi 2030-Themen 

und Lösungsansätze für die nächsten 25 Jahre“, FG 

Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, TU Kaiserslautern, S.177- 

194 

Steinmetz, H.: Potential und Bedarf zur Optimierung 

von Belebungsanlagen. Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, 

Band 186, „Betriebsoptimierung 

von Belebungsanlagen“ S.19-46 

Steinmetz*, H., Wiese, J.; Stahl, A.: Application of 

Cases-Based Reasoning to predict sludge settling and 

endogenous denitrification. Congress Proceedings 5th 

World Water Congress, Peking, Paper Ref. No.594270 

Steinmetz, H., Wiese, H.: Instrumentation, control and 

Automation for full-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor 

Plants. Water Practice & Technology, Vol.1 No.4, 2006 

* Order of authors changed to facilitate tracking 



Steinmetz*, H., Wiese, J.; Simon, J.: A process-depen- 

dent real-time controller for sequencing batch reactor 

plants- Results of full scale opereration. Water Science 

and Technology, Vol.53, No. 4-5, S. 153-160, 2006 

Steinmetz*, H., Einsfeld, K., Ebert, A., Wölle, J.: Multiple 

Dynamic Perspectives to Industrial Processes 

ISBN: 0-88986-598-1 (2006) 

Steinmetz*, H., Hansen, J., Schmitt, T.G.: Notwendigkeit 

und Konzepte für eine nachhaltige Abwasserentsorgung. 

Zukunftsweisende Abwasserentsorgung - Fachtagung 

der Standtentwässerung Kaiserslautern in 

Zusammenarbeit mit dem Landesverband Hessen/ 

Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland der DWA am 7./8. September 

2006, Kaiserslautern 

Steinmetz, H.: Optimierungspotenziale auf Kläranlagen. 

21. Karlsruher Flockungstage, Schriftenreihe 

SWW - Band 127 „Die optimierte Kläranlage Vision 

oder Realität?“ S. 1-10, 2007 

Steinmetz*, H., Wölle, J., Hansen, J., Einsfeld, K., 

Ebert, A.: An Intelligent Visualization and Decision 

Support System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment 

Plants. Water Science and Technology Vol. 56 

No. 5 pp.183-191, 2007 

Steinmetz, H.: Ansätze für energieoptimierte Kläranlagen. 

Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, 

Band 191, „Innovative Energiekonzepte für 

Kläranlagen“ S.5-24, 2007 

Steinmetz, H.: Entwicklung und Perspektiven der 

kommunalen Abwasserentsorgung in Deutschland und 

weltweit. Wasser und Abfall 5, S. 10-13, 2007 

Steinmetz*, H., Wölle, J., Hansen, J., Einsfeld, K., 

Ebert, A.: An Intelligent Visualization and Decision 

Support System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment 

Plants. Advanced Sanitation Eurogress, 12./13. 

März 2007, Aachen, ISSN 0342-6068 

Steinmetz*, H., Knerr, H., Wölle, J., Hansen, J., Sagawe, 

G., Engelhart, M., Krystkiewicz, D.: Development, 

combination and implementation of innovative components 

of process engineering, information technology 

and sanitary equipment to a sustainable key technology 

for closed loop - Project ‚KOMPLETT‘ 

Advanced Sanitation Eurogress, 12./13. März 2007, 

Aachen, ISSN 0342-6068 

19


Steinmetz*, H., Knerr, H., Hansen, J., Sagawe, G., Engelhart, 

M., Krystkiewicz, D.: Development, combination 

and implementation of innovative components of 

process engineering, information technology and sanitary 

equipment to a sustainable key technology for 

closed loop - Project ‚KOMPLETT‘. Proceedings of the 

3th ZERO-M International Conference on Sustainable 

Water Management, 21.-24. March 2007, Tunis, Tunisia 

ISBN: 978-3-901425-12-7 

Steinmetz, H.: Energieeinsparpotenziale auf der Kläranlage. 

36. kommunaler Erfahrungsaustausch der des 

DWA- Landesverbandes BW, 09.05.2007, Abtsgmünd 

Steinmetz, H.: Energieeinsparpotenziale auf der Kläranlage. 

36. kommunaler Erfahrungsaustausch der des 

DWA- Landesverbandes BW, 23.05.2007, Kehl 

Steinmetz, H.: Anforderungen an die kommunale 

Abwasserentsorgung in Deutschland und weltweit. 

Münchner Kolloquium Wassergüte und Abfallwirtschaft 

am 18.07.2007, München 

Steinmetz, H., Menzel, U.: Historische Entwicklung 

biologischer Abwasserbehandlungsverfahren in kommunaler 

und industrieller Anwendung. 1. Stuttgarter 

Wassersymposium, 13.09.2007, Stuttgart 

Steinmetz, H.: Entwicklungsstand und Perspektiven 

der kommunalen Abwasserentsorgung. Forum kommunale 

Abwasserentsorgung für morgen am 04.10.2007, 

Frankfurt 

Steinmetz*, H., Knerr, H.; Hansen, J., Engelhart, M., 

Wölle, J.: Black water of different origin - characterization 

and biological treatment. 6th Conference on 

Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability, 

09.-12. October 2007, Antwerp, Belgium. 

Steinmetz*, H., Wölle, J., Schmitt, T. G.: An Intelligent 

Visualization and Decision Support System for decentralized 

Wastewater Treatment Plants. 6th Conference 

on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability, 

09-12 October 2007, Antwerp, Belgium 

20 

Steinmetz*, H., Knerr, H., Hansen, J., Engelhart, M.: 

The project KOMPLETT - A new approach for closed 

loop urban water cycles. 2nd International Conference 

SmallWat07 on Wastewater Treatment in Small Communities, 

11.-15. November 2007, Seville, Spain. 

Weidelener, A., Gutknecht, R., Böhler, A., Krampe, J., 

Rott, U.: Einsatz von nachgeschalteten Membranen 

zur Verbesserung der Ablaufqualität bei der Badischen 

Staatsbrauerei Rothaus AG. Stuttgarter Berichte zur 

Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band 186, S. 139-152, Oldenbourg, 

München, 2006 

Weidelener, A.: Fremdwasser-Messungen, Auswirkungen, 

Sanierung Fachseminar Laboranalytik und 

Prozess-Messtechnik, 12. Juli 2006, Ingolstadt, Hach 

Lange GmbH, Düsseldorf, 2006 

Weidelener, A., Krampe, J., Rott, U. 

Strategien zum Umgang mit dem Fremdwasser 

7. Kölner Kanal Kolloquium, 6./7. September 2006, 

Köln, Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft 

an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Aachen 

Weidelener, A., Maier, W., Krampe, J.: Phosphorrückgewinnung 

als Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphat (MAP) 

mittels saurer Rücklösung aus Faulschlämmen. GWF 

Wasser/Abwasser 148 (2007) Nr. 4, S. 269-272 

Weidelener, A., Antakyali, D., Krampe, J.: Tendencies 

and Overview on the Nutrient Recovery from Sewage 

Sludge in Germany. IWA Spezialist Conference „Facing 

Sludge Diversities: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities“, 

Belek-Antalya, Turkey, 28-30 March 2007 

Weidelener, A., Maier, W., Krampe, J.: Recovery of 

Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge. WEFTEC ´07, 13.- 

17. October 2007, San Diego, CA, USA



Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63711 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: ulrich.rott@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63723 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: heidrun.steinmetz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Secretary´s office 

Gabriele Glaßmann 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63711 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: gabriele.glassmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, Akad. Oberrat 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65423 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: ralf.minke@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65417 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: uwe.menzel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe, Akad. Oberrat 

Telefon: ++49 (0)711 / 685 - 65420 

Telefax: ++49 (0)711 / 685 - 67637 

E-Mail: joerg.krampe@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

21



With us, effluent is just water under the bridge 

Our field of work consists of all aspects of extraction and provision of water from surface and groundwater sour- 

ces. Most notably, this involves subterranian groundwater treatment, and all questions relating to the transport, 

storage and distribution of water. The technical, economical and hygienic aspects play the primary role in this. 

In the field of water supply, we deal with the problems shown in the margin, whereby the technology of ground- 

water treatment is increasingly applied to contaminated site remediation. For the treatment of water for industrial 

use, we employ membranes, oxidation, UV disinfection and anaerobic biological processes. The transport and 

distribution of drinking water, and the associated hygienic problems, are also subjects of our investigations. 

We have also listed the focal points of our work in water quality management. Generally, this involves anthropogenic 

influences on water quality and the protection of drinking water resources. One important example of our 

research is the investigation of the interaction between wastewater pretreatment in industry and the operation of 

municipal wastewater treatment plants, and their influence on water quality. The final aim is the optimum disposal 

of sewage from both a business management and an economical point of view. The development, optimization 

and implementation of sustainable, cost effective and ecologically sensible water treatment technologies on the 

one hand and technologically advanced procedures on the other, remains a central task in view of the global drinking 

water supply crisis. One of the main research areas for the future will therefore be the analysis and defeat of 

transfer and implementation restraints. In addition, it is also necessary, due to the limited global water resources, 

to increase research in the fields of water resource control and management in terms of safeguarding drinking 

water supplies. 

22 

Research topics: 

• Water collection and water treat 

ment 

• Removal of iron, manganese and 

arsenic by subterranian groundwater 

treatment 

• In-situ bioreactors for decentralized 

groundwater treatment and 

supply 

• Ecosystem research of rivers 

and groundwater 

• Stormwater run-off management, 

rainwater harvesting and 

water conservation 

• Protection of drinking water 

resources 

• Investigation of anaerobic 

treatability of wastewaterand 

concentrates 

• Water quality management 

and its interaction with indirect 

dischargers and operation of the 

wastewater treatment plant

Projects 

Development of a low cost technology for in-situ 

treatment of groundwater for potable and irrigation 

purposes 

In many regions of the world arsenic contaminated 

water represents a huge problem for the health and 

the environment. One of those affected regions is for 

example eastern India (West Bengal). In the course 

of the project “Development of a low cost technology 

for in-situ treatment of groundwater for potable and 

irrigation purposes” several activities concerning this 

topic took place. 

In order to remove arsenic from groundwater and to 

improve groundwater quality a low cost technology 

for in-situ (subterranean) treatment of groundwater 

was established in eastern India and a field trial was 

carried out in order to investigate the practical implementation 

of this technology on location. Beside the 

establishment of a low cost technology for subterranean 

removal of arsenic amongst others workings concerning 

the improvement of agriculture and farming 

practices to reduce arsenic contamination in the food 

chain and public relations were conducted. 

Financing institution: 

European Union (EU) 

Project partner: 

1. Queen’s University Belfast - School of Chemical 

Engineering and Queen‘s University Environmental 

Science and Technology Research Centre 

(Questor Centre), Großbritannien 

2. University of Stuttgart, Germany 

3. Miguel Hernandez University, Spain 

4. Leiden University, Netherlands 

5. National Metallurgical Laboratory, Indien 

6. Institute of Environmental Management and Studies, 

Indien 

Contact: 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott 

Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, AOR 

Dipl.-Ing. H. Kauffmann 

Co-funded by the European Union under: 

“Asia Pro Eco Programme - a programme dedicated to promote 

sustainable solutions to environmental problems in Asia”. 

„The contents of this publication is the sole responsibility of 

ISWA - WGW and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of 

the European Union“. 


Storage tank for the aerated water to be reintroduced 

Outer view of the well 

23


Subterranean Arsenic Removal: From Experiment 

to Delivery 

Together with the Indian applicant organisation Ramakrishna 

Vivekananda Mission – Institute of Advanced 

studies (RKVM-IAS) the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, 

Water Quality and Solid Waste Management 

(ISWA) of the University of Stuttgart is implementing 

the project “Subterranean Arsenic Removal: From Experiment 

to Delivery”. The objective of this project is 

to reduce in an affordable and sustainable manner the 

health consequences of arsenic contaminated water 

in rural communities of West Bengal, India by in-situ 

treatment of groundwater. Within the project six insitu 

treatment plants shall be established. The in-situ 

treatment plants shall be manufactured and distributed/serviced 

by local entrepreneurs. Further on they 

shall be managed by self-sustained community groups 

with the support of classroom and hands-on training. 


World Bank under Development Marketplace 2006 


1. Queen’s University Belfast - School of Chemical 

Engineering and Queen‘s University Environmental 

Science and Technology Research Centre 

(Questor Centre), Großbritannien 

2. University of Stuttgart, Germany 

3. Ramakrishna Vivekananda Mission – Institute of 

Advanced studies (RKVM-IAS) 

Contact: 



Dipl.-Ing. H. Kauffmann 

24 

Development of strategies for water circuit closure 

for selected industries with split flow concept 

Most industries used to treat or pre-treat the cumulative 

waste waters of a factory, targeting in some cases 

for a partial recycling. Some factories collect waste 

waters according to their origin and treat these waste 

waters independently. Nonetheless, often waste waters 

are thereby blended from individual sources, differing 

greatly in quantity and quality. 

These blend waste waters are often difficult to be purified, 

since the waste water constituents may vary 

greatly. The treatment steps needed for a purification 

of such waste waters will become complex and demanding, 

mastering all eventualities. Thus, a recycling 

of waste waters is not considered for economical 

reasons. 

Paper industry 

Main focus was given to the application of membrane 

processes, mainly ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. 

Ultrafiltration is much less costly than nanofiltration, 

but only with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis solute 

salts can be removed. Therewith, an effective sink is 

created for the removal of salts, accumulating in the 

circuits otherwise. Thus, with nanofiltration or reverse 

osmosis applied, water circuits can be concentrated or 

even closed, without deteriorating product quality. 

Research is conducted both with waste waters from 

paper mills producing white paper and mills producing 

brown paper. 

The corresponding water circuits differ significantly in 

respect to organic and inorganic waste water constituents. 

The COD-levels in the water circuits for instance 

are usually more than 10 times higher in mills producing 

brown paper as they are in mills producing white 

paper. The same applies to the concentration of soluble 

salts, expressed in terms of conductivity, with a 

factor of at least 5. 

Besides the research on finding suitable membranes 

and membrane combinations, focus is also given on 

where to apply membrane processes. Biologically treated 

water is usually easier to treat with membranes, 

yet resulting in large amounts of concentrates to be 

disposed. A membrane step close to the production, 

i.e. the direct filtration of waste waters from the water 

circuits, can result in a more cost-effective configuration 

of subsequent biological treatment steps for the 

resulting concentrates, since smaller streams with higher 

concentration levels can be applied to for example

anaerobic treatment. Thus, waste waters form diffe- 

rent places of origin are considered in the research 

project. 

Milk industry 

For the milk industry, waste waters from different 

cleaning steps were treated with different membranes. 

The concentration of constituents in these rinsing 

waters varies greatly over flushing time. With a separate 

collection of variable contaminated parts of these 

flushing waters into streams that either can be reused 

without treatment, can be fed to membranes directly 

or need a more complex treatment scheme, including 

e.g. biological reactors in combination with membranes, 

the necessary treatment schemes can be applied 

most cost-effective and purposeful. 


Apart from this research close to the production processes, 

experiments were conducted with the effluent 

of the waster water treatment plant of a milk processing 

company, whether there are opportunities to recycle 

the effluent as boiler feed water with reverse osmosis. 

The quality requirements for boiler feed water 

are demanding, an almost complete removal of inorganic 

and organic constituents is required. 


Willy-Hager-Stiftung 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft 

Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer 

Membrane pilot-plant to treat wastewater from milk processing by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration 

25


A novel and cost-effective approach on preventive 

water pollution control 

An improvement of water pollution control in the municipal 

waste water practice is either achieved long term 

by process integrated in-plant measures in order to 

reduce the waste water quantity respectively improve 

the waste water quality or near-term by cost-intensive 

advanced treatment (end-of-pipe). The generally 

fluctuating water quality and quantity results in extremely 

varying dirt load peaks the treatment plant has 

to cope with, i.e. the waste water treatment plants 

rarely work in their optimal range. Temporarily either 

the compulsory limit values are exceeded resulting in 

potential water pollution or the waste water treatment 

plants capacity is not efficiently used. A solution to 

this problem can be integrated approach to the entire 

waste water system. Often free storage or treatment 

capacity is not detected or used. 

The objective of a case study of the University of 

Stuttgart, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water 

Quality and Solid Waste Management, is to achieve 

a preventive water pollution control by setting up a 

sophisticated interaction of industrial indirect dischargers, 

municipal waste water treatment plant, sewage 

network and storm water treatment. The main idea 

Scheme of optimised cooperation of indirect discharger, sewage network and waste water treatment plant 

26 

is to establish a load controlled concept based both 

on online measurement and data from an integrated 

dynamic simulation model embracing the complete sewage 

system. A major task of the project is to design 

this simulation model. 

The sewage system consisting of a trickling filter treatment 

plant (ca. 130.000 PT), the sewage draining system, 

i.e. sewage transport network and storm water 

treatment facilities, is fed with municipal and industrial 

waste water (the latter mainly indirectly discharged by 

a paper mill). To meet the challenges of project the 

following steps have to be accomplished: 

• collection and analysis of data and samples from 

the waste water treatment plant, especially evaluation 

of the operational journals and the continuous 

online-measurement data of the biological 

treatment stage (trickling filter) 

• collection of meteorological data 

• set-up of the online measurement (e.g. COD, 

+ - NH , NO3 ) 

4 

• extensive collection and analysis of data and samples 

from the indirect discharger (paper mill), e.g. 

basic waste water flows and waste water quality 

dependent on various conditions like paper grade 

or internal process impacts)

• analysis of the existing sewage network, e.g. surveying 

hydraulic conditions of the sewers and respective 

facilities 

• calculation of relevant sewage network flow times, 

utilisation ratios of sewers, hydrostatic water levels 

and flows under dry weather and storm weather 

conditions 

• design, calibration and verification of an integrated 

dynamic simulation model 

• installation of structural measures concerning the 

control facilities of the storm water treatment, the 

indirect discharger and the sewage network 

• application of the simulation model and coupling 

with the online measurement and control facilities 

With the help of these measures the municipal waste 

water treament plant is likely to continuous operation 

in optimal range. The risk of concentration and dirt 

load peaks polluting receiving waters is avoided or minimised. 

By a sophisticated discharge control of the 

industrial waste water point sources and the control 

of the sewage system facilities based on the conti- 

Diploma- and Master Thesis 

Untersuchungen zur Aufbereitung gering belasteter 

Spülwässer aus der Joghurt- und Dessertherstellung 

mit Hilfe von Membranverfahren 

Fanch Corfmat (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. K. Lumpp; Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, 

AOR; Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott 

Untersuchungen zum Einsatz der Ultrafiltration 

bei der Aufbereitung von Flusswasser aus dem 

Neckar 

Hongtao He (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, AOR; 


Untersuchungen zum Einsatz eines anaeroben 

Festbettreaktors zur Vorbehandlung von Teilschrittabwässerntriebes 

eines Textilveredlungsbe- 

Matthias Künstel (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 




nuous model and online measurement information on 

the free storage capacity of the sewage network and 

storm water treatment facilities in dependence on the 

present hydraulic situation (dry weather flow, storm 

weather flow) as well as on the current state of the 

municipal waste water treatment plant, an optimal 

quantitative and qualitative (head parameter = chemical 

oxygen demand [COD]) feed to the treatment 

plant is achieved. Thus, long-term an improvement of 

the water quality without the necessity of expensive 

new investments in advanced treatment stages can be 

expected. 


Ministry for the environment Baden-Württemberg 


University of Stuttgart, Germany 

City of Heidenheim 

Voith Paper Technology Center (Heidenheim) 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer 

Dipl.-Ing. S. Schmidt 

Wasserverlustüberwachung mit neuer Sensortechnik 

Ana Patricia Garzón Fuentes (WAREM) (2006) 



Verfahrenstechnische Optimierung einer Wasseraufbereitungsanlage 

zur Enteisenung und 

Entsäuerung eines stark reduzierten Grundwassers 

Burkhard Obenauer (Weiterbildendes Studium Wasser 

und Umwelt, Universität Weimar) (2006) 



Present Difficulties of Monitoring the Millenium 

Development Goals for Access to Water Supply 

and Sanitation and Ideas for Improvement –discussed 

on the example of the African Region- 

Christine Laures (WAREM) (2007) 



27


Entwicklung eines einfachen Verfahrens zur 

Grauwasseraufbereitung 

Matthias Sattler (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 



Evaluation of Flux Decline in Nanofiltration of 

Paper mills Effluents 

Fedy Gusti Kostiano (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft; 


Benchmarking of Selected Yemeni Water Utilities 

Christine Laures (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft; Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott 

Dissolved oxygen prediction in aerating runners 

Johannes Etter (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft; Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott 

Untersuchungen zur Optimierung einer Entfärbungsstufe 

für Abwässer aus der Textilveredelungsindustrie 

am Beispiel der Kläranlage Burladingen 

Christof Zinßer (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 



28 

Selective Transfer of Network Monitoring Utili- 

ties into the Water Supply Systems in Lebanon 

Maguy Sadek (WAREM) (2007) 



Benchmarking of Urban Water Utilities Using the 

IWA-Performance Indicator System: Case Study 

NWSC, Uganda. 

Lutaaya Mahmood Hakimu (INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN- 

NING) (2007) 



Optimierung einer anaerob-biologischen Behandlungsstufe 

für Textilveredlungsabwässer 

Christine Dobslaw (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rott

Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65423 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: ralf.minke@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Gabriele Glaßmann 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63711 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: gabriele.glassmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Research Assistants 

Dipl.-Ing. Christine Dobslaw 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65849 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: christine.dobslaw@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

M. Sc. Kenan Güney 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65425 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: kenan.gueney@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Holger Kauffmann 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65849 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: holger.kauffmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Meyer 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63754 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: carsten.meyer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Neft 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65425 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: andreas.neft@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Schmidt 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63738 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: sabine.schmidt@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dipl.-Ing. Christof Zinßer 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-60497 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: christof.zinsser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

CTA Ellen Raith-Bausch 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65400 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: wgw.labor@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

29



It will all come out in the wash 

30 


• Process and production integrated 

environmental protection 

• Treatment and reuse of process 

water e.g. in the automobile industry 

• Adsorption processes in industrial 

water and wastewater technology, 

e.g. in the textile industry 

• Reduction of lipophilic substances 

in the food and cosmetics industries 

• Biological and chemo-physical 

treatment of industrial wastewater 

• Aerobic and anaerobic degradation 

tests 

• Testing Centre of the German 

Institute for Construction Technology 

(DIBt) 

• International Consulting and export-oriented 

research for example 

Middle and South America 

At the department IWT (Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology), we specialize in refining internal plant 

processes and aim at integrating environmental protection as well as minimizing the industrial emissions by implementing 

a water circulation and plant-internal treatment processes. 

We plan environmental moderations for customers in the industrial process as well as integrated solutions in 

the manufacturing process. The first step we take in order to make a current assessment of the situation at the 

plant is an on-site inventory survey. According to the survey we can then localize water consumption, wastewater 

amount and dirt load accruement points. In order to determine the dirt loads accumulated during the manufacturing 

process, partial wastewater flows are sampled and the relevant parameters are then analyzed. After consulting 

with the respective company, the tap water quality required for the production process can be specified, in 

order to minimize fresh water consumption. This can be done by implementing a water circuit consisting of treated 

wastewater. Production related water consumption and wastewater volumes are then determined by precise 

recording of the productions figures. This subsequent changes in the production figures allow precise projections 

of the associated parameters. Based on the survey and the formulation of goals a customer-specified procedure 

for wastewater treatment can then be agreed upon, which normally leads to further in-depth tests, such as e.g. 

determination of biodegradability. Due to our systematic procedures and many years of experience we are able 

to represent our customers with new sustainable solution and potentials.

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT 

We emphasis mainly in offering our professional advice to clients from the textile finishing industry and paper 

industry, gastronomy- and food-industry, the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, the chemical as well as the 

metal and automobile industry. Alongside plant internal solutions we also create decentral as well as central 

solutions by developing extensive purification processes for the treatment of industrial wastewater at communal 

treatment plant. Therefore a series of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation tests are carried out in 

advance. 

Further emphasis of ours is the treatment of leachate of landfills using biological and chemical-physical processes. 

For example we are developing adaptable modular processes for the aftercare operations of landfills at reduced 

leachate levels and toxic concentrations. Therefore the use of carbon adsorption processes and membrane processes 

play an essential role in our work. Here at the IWT department we also deal with topics such as water 

and waste recycling as well as saving resources. Exemplary is our expert’s assessment of industrial residues as 

alternative fuel in the cement industry as well as the sludge incineration in cement plants. 

Our department is an official control center of the “Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)” in Berlin which is 

responsible for controlling plants for the limitation of hydrocarbons in wastewater including mineral oils. 

Our department also offers lectures in the following courses: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Process 

Engineering, WAREM (Water Resources Engineering and Management) and WASTE (Air Quality Control, Solid 

Waste and Wastewater Process Engineering). 

Our department also offers its courses at different universities abroad, e.g. to Brazil and cooperates with Latin 

American facilities. Which enables such programs as the cooperation of the Universidade Federal do Parana 

(UFPR) and the national environmental protection industry Servico Nacional de Aprendizagen Industrial (SENAI/ 

PR) in Curitiba/ Brazil to create the new Masters program EDUBRAS-MAUI (communal and industrial environmental 

protection) under management of the IWT Department and under German standards. 

Furthermore our Department offers so called “Summer Schools” in the area of environmental protection in various 

Brazilian states. 

Projects 

An example of economically, flexible and su- 

stainable treatments based on the case of hazardous 

wastewater from landfill 

The treatment of leakage from landfill with active charcoal 

is state of the art technology. 

The goal of this landfill leakage treatment is to reduce 

the parameter of chemical oxygen demand (COD) 

and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX). This goal is 

easily achieved by using activated charcoal. For this 

procedure it is common to use granulated activated 

charcoal. 

At the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality 

and Solid Waste Management at the University of 

Stuttgart there was a project called ”development of a 

process for the separation and reuse of powdered activated 

charcoal (PAC) in the wastewater treatment”, 

which was sponsored by the BMBF. During the course 

of this project an extra research topic came up regarding 

a process that justifies the use of PAC in the landfill 

leakage treatment according to the variable needs 

of the landfill operators. 

After a landfill is filled and no new waste is allowed to 

be added, it is normally covered up in order to minimize 

additional rainwater from seeping in and creating 

additional leakage. From this point on the amount of 

land leakage sinks, but at the same time the structure 

of the leakage changes. Due to the low cost and short 

usage time it make sense to implement a flexible process 

that easily adapts itself to the changing amounts 

of landfill leakage and to its polluting load. 

Since the year 2005 according to the regulations of 

TA Siedlungsabfall it is only allowed to deposit waste 

containing dry organic solids less than 3 mass-% 

and 5 mass-%. This fact makes it indispensable having 

31


a process that is adaptable to decreased amounts of 

landfill leakage and to decreased pollution loads. 

After considering the latter aspects it has been proven 

that an adsorption process with PAC and then a following 

treatment of PAC in the sewage treatment plant 

is not only an affordable, but also a flexible treatment 

procedure during the period that the landfill is shut 

down. This method guarantees the necessary cleaning 

performance through the adsorption of the pollution 

load to the PAC. The treatment loaded PAC at a communal 

sewage treatment plant makes it possible to 

manage without PAC separation and therefore it isn’t 

necessary to drain the PAC-sludge, which makes this 

procedure extremely interesting from an economical 

point of view. 

Before beginning the process of loaded PAC in a communal 

sewage treatment plant with a biological treatment, 

at ISWA a number of experiments were carried 

out on a laboratory scale to ensure that the substance 

leading to COD and AOX adsorbed in the PAC do not 

dissolve from the loaded PAC. Despite these results 

there is still great need for further research in order to 

ensure such a process that is risk free for the environment 

and the operator. 

The purpose of this research is to find out what the 

results are of initiating the use of loaded PAC from 

the landfill leakage treatment in a communal sewage 

treatment plant. Simultaneously we are also looking 

into the matter of transporting the PAC-suspension to 

the sewage treatment plant by means of the communal 

sewer system, and comparing this with alternative 

transport methods such as a truck. The latter described 

adsorption process without separated the loaded 

PAC should be compared with the more conventional 

methods of landfill leakage purification by conducting 

a cost-effectiveness analysis. 

The accumulated knowledge from the research related 

to the influence of loaded PAC in a communal sewage 

treatment plant can prove to be beneficial in many 

cases throughout different industrial branches. 


Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 

(BMBF) 


Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb Main-Tauber-Kreis (AWMT) 

Georgi Wassertechnik GmbH, Riederich 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schölpple 

32 

The execution and evaluation of the biodegradation 

test through the respiration index (Sapromat), 

interpretation of the results and an 

expert’s assessment for a plant-internal wastewater-purification-concept 

policy 

The WALA Heilmittel GmbH company is an anthropological 

philosophy. The company develops, produces and 

sells medicine and cosmetic products. The company’s 

extensive range of products include about 1.2000 drug 

products and 100 natural cosmetic compositions for 

the face, hair, body and sun-care products under the 

name “Dr. Hauschka Kosmetik”. These products are 

exported worldwide in over 30 different countries. 

The current wastewater installation consists essentially 

from a precipitation/flocculation in which wastewater 

from a container-purification system is treated. 

Especially containers containing product residues or 

raw waste material are cleaned. It usually contains 

creams, plant and mineral raw material. 

Due to an expansion of the product-line and the decision 

to use a new container purification system, the 

composition and amount of the wastewater are likely 

to in the near future. Due to a considerable increase in 

residual material from the production it can therefore 

be estimated that there will be an increase of organic 

load as well as in the daily wastewater accumulation 

at 20-30 m³/d. 

Therefore the current wastewater treatment plant 

must be modified, and a new environmental-friendly 

wastewater concept has to be developed. Therefore 

experiments with biological research through the respiration 

index (Sapromat) are being carried out at the 

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and 

Solid Waste Management at the University of Stuttgart. 

The goal of the latter experiments is to create an environmental-friendly 

plant-internal purification-concept 

that is capable of economically purifying and keeping 

to the limit for indirect discharger. 

Client: 

WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll/Eckwälden 


Wehrle Umwelt GmbH 

Contact: 

Dr. Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor

Aspects and fundamental possibilities of incineration 

of certain material groups as alternative 

fuel in the cement industry with a special consideration 

from an ecological and a legal point 

of view. 

The Holcim GmbH in Dotternhausen (southern Germany) 

is a subsidiary of the worldwide active construction 

company Holcim Ltd.. The company’s main fields of 

production are: cement, gravel and concrete. 

Alongside the cement plant in Dotternhausen, there 

are other plants such as the gravel and concrete plant 

in Offenburg, Lörrach-Brombach, Weil am Rhein, Haltingen 

and Grenzach-Wyhlen. These plants produce 

different kinds of building material for different purposes. 

The integration of new knowledge should be able reduce 

the impact of the manufacturing-process on the 

environment. And thanks to investments in new technology 

and concepts the company as well as the resources 

are spared. 

In the cement plant Dotternhausen about 470.000 tons 

of clinker, 300.000 tons of burned oil-slate 650.000 

tons of cement and 200.000 tons of special binding 

agent are produced yearly. 

Limestone and oil-slate are used as raw material. Oilslate 

is incinerated and produces most of the plant’s 

energy needs. 

Besides coal alternative raw materials and fuels are 

being used, for example: old tiers, dried sewage 

sludge, waste from paper production and plastic. 

On the one hand this reduces the usage of fossil fuels, 

for example coal and oil contribute towards sparing 

resources and on the other hand reduces the exhaust 

of carbon dioxide. 

After an extensive literature research it should be determined 

what kind of materials are possible to be incinerated 

along with common fuels used by the cement 

industry, and also take the ecological and legal aspects 

into consideration. 

When compiling the study we are looking for certain 

streams of material from industrial processes that contain 

residues and byproducts that are to certain degree 

suitable as alternative fuels for the cement production. 

Examples of such materials are: oil-emulsions, 

from the automobile and metal industry, residues from 

the paper and photograph industry, residues from the 

plastic production and used tiers are suitable. 


The goal of this study is to find the most economical 

options for the co-incineration of certain groups of materials 

that also fall under a positive ecological judgment 

and can be applied by the Holcim GmbH. 

Not only is the technical application of great importance 

to us, but the legality as well as the reflection 

of the legislator’s political standpoint from a German 

perspective and in a European context as well. 

Client: 

Holcim (Süddeutschland) GmbH, Dotternhausen 

Contact: 

Dr.- Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor 

Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schölpple 

Consultation in the form of a workshop regarding 

the options of biological elimination of carbohydrate 

from process water from car wash installations 

as well as the development of an appropriate 

process which will then be put to an test at 

the Alfred Kärcher GmbH & co company. 

Waste water from car wash installations contains organic 

compounds such as carbohydrates which, according 

to the German law must be reduced by a water 

treatment plant to levels under 20 mg/l in order to be 

used for the purpose of water recycling or discharge 

into the sewer network. 

The Alfred Kärcher GmbH have been treating such process 

water in chemo-physical treatment plants such as 

precipitation/flocculation. 

Due to the fact that biological processes are environmentally 

friendlier than chemical ones, the Alfred 

Kärcher GmbH & co. are striving to develop a practical 

and affordable biological process which should then be 

put to the test under practical conditions. 

Part 1: A workshop 

Part 2: Consultation during the development and construction 

of a prototype 

Part 3: Practical tests and research in the testing 

stage 

Client: 

Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co., Winnenden 

Contact: 


33


The accompanying and testing of a wastewater 

treatment system for the purification of mineral 

oil contaminated wastewater using a water circuit 

The Mall GmbH company has applied for a granting of 

a general construction permit at the Deutschen Institut 

fuer Bautechnik in order to build a wastewater 

treatment system for the purification of mineral oil 

contaminated wastewater using a water circuit. The 

practical test will be carried out by the Fischle GmbH 

company in Esslingen, which already has such system 

in use. The system in question concerns the use of 

a biological process with pre-separation. The system 

will then be coated with wastewater from a bus-wash 

installation as well as wastewater from a workshop of 

the Fischle GmbH company. In order to broaden the 

application fields a truck will be driven through the 

wash-installation as a test. 

Client: 

Firma Mall GmbH, Pfohren 

Contract: 

Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel, Akad. Direktor 

The official inspection office, responsible for carrying 

out practical tests at different plants to ensure 

the reduction of hydrocarbon in wastewater 

containing mineral oil. 

As a result of Dr. Menzel being appointed part of the 

expert-committees: 

“Abscheider und Mineralölhaltiges Abwasser 

-A- (428)” 

“Mineralölhaltiges Abwasser -B 3-(428c)” 

“Miniralölhaltiges –B 4-(428d)” 

by the “Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)” in 

Berlin, the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water 

Quality and Solid Waste Management at the University 

of Stuttgart (IWT department) was then appointed as 

the official inspection office. The department is responsible 

for carrying out practical tests at different plants 

to ensure the reduction of hydrocarbon in wastewater 

containing mineral oil. 

Client: 

Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), Berlin 

Contact: 


34 

A short assessment of a wastewater treatment 

concept, in which an application for an approval 

for indirectly discharging pre-purified industrial 

wastewater from the inner cleaning of a fuel installation 

into the public sewer network of the 

city of Graz 

The Grazer Waschbetriebe GmbH company is planning 

to apply for approval for indirectly discharge pre-purified 

industrial wastewater from the inner cleaning of 

a fuel installation into the public sewer network of the 

city of Graz. The wastewater treatment-concept is based 

on the proposal made by the office of Dipl.-Ing. Dr. 

Bernhard S. Mayr. The contents of this concept shall be 

examined in order to create a short assessment into 

the matter. 

Client: 

Fa. TCS, Stuttgart 

Contact: 


The development of a process for the treatment 

of process water from the separation of chlorite-sulfate 

and bypass-dust from the cement 

industry. 

The Schwenk Zement KG company was found in the 

year 1847, making it the oldest cement company in 

the European cement industry. Alongside manufacturing 

cement Schwenk Zement KG also specializes 

in dam technology, façade technology as well as the 

manufacturing of transport concrete. Further more the 

Schwenk Zement KG is the leading company in the 

German branch known for renting/leasing concretepumps. 

In the company’s 4 cement plants in Germany 

partially up to 100% of the used fuels are alternative/ 

recovered fuels. 

In each cement plant about one or two tons of bypassdust 

accumulates per hour, and therefore creating 

amounts of 10.000 tons of accumulated bypass-dust 

a year. 

This means that at a total production rate of 1 Mio. 

tons of cement a year adds up to 40.000 tons of accumulated 

bypass-dust. This bypass-dust is amongst 

other things fortified with a high concentration of chloride-sulfate 

which encourages caking and corrosion.

Therefore the Schwenk Zement KG company intends 

to gather the chlorine load from the bypass-dust. In 

order to achieve this four or five times the amount of 

heated water is added to the dust. This leads to the 

dissolving of the salts in the bypass-dust, and therefore 

enabling the dust to be used in an environmental 

friendly manner. 

The salt from the process water should be gathered 

in a suitable process-combination. This process should 

be affordable and efficient and therefore enabling the 

use of a water circuit of the process water. For this 

purpose an environmental friendly process or processcombination 

should be developed, tested and applied 

on a big scale in the industry. Here is a description of 

the research process: 

Part 1: Literature and application studies 

Part 2: The research of the conclusion from part 1 

through laboratory or technical tests 

Part 3: Suitability test in a pilot-installation 

Part 4: Consultation and monitoring of the technical 

implementation of the project 

Client: 

Schwenk Zement KG, Ulm 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Sebastian Platz 

Aspects and fundamental possible processes for 

the treatment, disposal and utilization of sewage 

sludge with a special consideration from an ecological 

and a legal point of view. 

The Holcim GmbH in Dotternhausen (southern Germany) 

is a subsidiary of the worldwide active construction 

company Holcim Ltd.. The company’s main fields of 

production are: cement, gravel and concrete. 

Alongside the cement plant in Dotternhausen, there 

are other plants such as the gravel and concrete plant 

in Offenburg, Loerrach-brombach, Weil am Rhein, Haltingen 

and Grenzach-Wyhlen. These plants produce 

different kinds of building material for different purposes. 

The integration of new knowledge should be able reduce 

the impact of the manufacturing-process on the 

environment. And thanks to investments in new technology 

and concepts the company as well as the resources 

are spared. 


In the cement plant Dotternhausen about 470.000 tons 

of clinker, 300.000 tons of burned oil-slate 650.000 

tons of cement and 200.000 tons of special binding 

agent are produced yearly. 

Limestone and oil-slate are used as raw material. Oilslate 

is incinerated and produces most of the plant’s 

energy needs. 

Besides coal alternative raw materials and fuels are 

being used, for example: old tiers, dried sewage 

sludge, waste from paper production and plastic. 

On the one hand this reduces the usage of fossil fuels, 

for example coal and oil contribute towards sparing 

resources and on the other hand reduces the exhaust 

of carbon dioxide. 

After an extensive literature research it should be 

determined fundamental possible processes for the 

treatment, disposal and utilization of sewage sludge, 

and also take the ecological and legal aspects into consideration. 

When compiling the study we are looking for certain 

materials and especially if sewage sludge is suitable as 

an alternative fuel for the cement production. The way 

the sludge is utilized should be assessed with a special 

consideration of the regulation TA Siedlungsabfall. 

The goal of this study is to find the most economical 

options for the co-incineration of certain groups of materials 

that also fall under a positive ecological judgment 

and can be applied by the Holcim GmbH. 

Client: 

Holcim (Süddeutschland) GmbH, Dotternhausen 

Contact: 


35


The execution and evaluation of the biodegradation 

test through the respiration index according 

to the OECD-guidelines such as DIN 38405, Teil 

52 (Sapromat), interpretation of the results and 

creating assessment statement 

The sewage treatment plant in Laupheim is currently 

extended to capacitate 35.000 populations equivalent 

and treats domestic as well as industrial wastewater. 

Along with other industrial plants the company CCL 

Rapid Spray GmbH & Co.KG indirectly discharge their 

wastewater into the communal treatment plant in Laupheim. 

The CCL Rapid Spray GmbH & Co.KG company 

produces deodorant sprays and other hygiene products. 

In this case wastewater is mainly created when 

the reactors, which were used for mixing the products, 

were cleaned. The wastewater accumulated during 

the production process is distinguished by a high concentration 

of lipophilics and detergents. Before being 

discharged into the sewer network, the partial flows 

of wastewater flow through a 25 cubic meter buffer 

tank. 

Sapromat-test tube 

36 

After the wastewater from CCL Rapid Spray GmbH & 

Co.KG reaches the communal treatment plant in Laupheim, 

the oxygen concentration in the aeration tank 

sink to levels under 0,5 mg/l, although the maximal 

efficiency of the blower system is being worked with. 

This condition can last for hours. 

The goal of the research is to find the reason for the 

sinking oxygen level in the aeration tank in the treatment 

plant in Laupheim, especially to test if a component 

in the wastewater of the CCL Rapid Spray GmbH 

& Co.KG company could be the course of the high oxygen 

sag. 

Client: 

Stadt Laupheim 

Contact: 


An assessment report of the situation at the 

plant and an evaluation of the current wastewater 

treatment, as well as the development of 

an efficient and secure process-concept for the 

process water treatment at the Zeller + Gmelin 

GmbH & co as well as Südöl Mineralöl-Raffinerie 

GmbH in Eislingen Germany. 

The companies Zeller + Gmelin GmbH & co as well as 

Südöl Mineralöl-Raffinerie GmbH are middle classes 

companies with more than 650 workers and with international 

connections. 

The company Zeller + Gmelin GmbH & co offer a variety 

of products for the automobile- and industrial lubricants, 

chemical and print colors where as the company 

Südöl offers the environmental service of an disposal 

concept for solid and liquid workshop waste as well as 

treatment of used oil. 

During the treatment-process about 200 cubic meter 

of wastewater from the production are produced daily. 

Characteristics of this water is high levels of organic 

components, and a COD of 50-70 mg/l. The COD load 

which is then created as a result of the high COD levels, 

creates about 50% of the COD load of the city 

of Eislingen, which is then directed to the communal 

sewage treatment plant Göppingen for further treatment. 

Alongside the high levels of organic components the 

wastewater parameter AOX and heavy metals represent 

a problem for the plant-intern purification system, 

which consists mainly at the process of precipitation/flocculation 

and flotation, and therefore is pushed

Experimental plant for the biological wastewater treatment 


to the limit. During the indirect discharge of COD, AOX The goal is to create a secure and economical plant- 

and heavy metals, the limits are not always securely intern wastewater treatment plant, particularly regar- 

kept. And besides that extra fees for strongly polluted ding the point of keeping the discharged compounds to 

wastewater up to 250.000 Euros must be paid annually. 

the set limits. The task list is split u into four parts: 

Part 1: Documentation and an on-the spot analysis of 

Further costs are caused by the chemo-physical- 

the workflow in the current wastewater treatly 

treatment of the process water with flocculation 

ment plant by evaluating the plant records 

chemicals such as FeCl and CaCl , which on the one 

2 2 and the existing wastewater cadastral regis- 

hand causes the unavoidable high salt concentration 

ter. 

in the wastewater and on the other hand causes large Part 2: The development of an efficient process-con- 

amounts of hydroxide sludge. Annually about 600 tons 

cept for the process water treatment 

of sludge is accumulated. The purchasing of the neces- Part 3: Testing the developed process from part 2 on 

sary precipitation chemicals as well as the disposal of 

a half technical scale at the plant 

the accumulated hydroxide sludge creates such high Part 4: Testing the possibilities of online-recording of 

costs so that the company had to increase their annual 

analysis and process parameters within the 

budged of 500.000 Euros for this purpose. Therefore 

this process is to be seen critically from an ecological 

wastewater treatment plant 

and economical point of view. Client: 

Zeller + Gmelin GmbH & Co sowie Südöl Mineralöl- 

Raffinerie GmbH, Eislingen 

Contact: 


37


International curriculum exchange 

Study course offers from German universities 

and academies abroad 

The initiation of German environmental Master 

of Science programs at Brazilian universities 

under German supervision and at German standards 

– EDUBRAS 

At the pace of the current booming industrialization, 

environmental pollution causes serious problems in 

emerging and developing countries. In Brazil, which 

is the most populous country in South America, this is 

particularly visible in densely populated areas. 

Due to the successful years at experience that the lectures 

from the University of Stuttgart have had in creating 

new environmental study courses such as “Umweltschutztechnik” 

and the English Master of Science 

program WAREM and WASTE, this experience should 

now be transported to Brazil through the EDUBRAS 

program which takes place in the Brazilian state Parana. 

EDUBRAS is meant to be an exemplary program, 

which can then later be implemented at other universities 

abroad. 

Signing of the cooperation treaty for the initiation of the master course EDUBRAS-MAUI in Curitiba by the director 

of the „Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR“ Carlos Augusto Moreira Junior and the EDUBRAS project director 

Dr. Uwe Menzel 

38 

The basic concept behind the planned study program 

were established based on the environmental inventory 

of Dr. Menzel during the research project “Export 

oriented research on the field of water supply and water 

disposal, part 2: wastewater treatment and water 

reuse” funded by the German “Federal Ministry for Education 

and Research (BMBF)”. 

This revealed the desperate need to import new and 

modern environmental technologies to Brazil. It also 

revealed the need and the interest in educating local 

skilled specialists in order to operate the imported 

technologies and thereby creating a sustainable environmental-protection 

system. 

After the success of the “Summer-School-courses” 

from 2002-2005 dealing with the topics of wastewater/industrial 

wastewater and waste/industrial waste, 

not only showed a great interest for environmental topics, 

but the need for such courses or similar ones to 

be given on a permanent basis as local study courses 

at Brazilian universities as well. This is crucial in order 

to train local specialized staff in order to ensure the 

sustainability and success of all environmental proce-

dures. With the help of the program “Course offers 

from German universities in foreign countries” offered 

by the DAAD, it will be possible for Brazilian universities 

to offer additional study courses in Brazil. 

In July 2007 the master program environmental engineering 

was inducted at the national university “Universidade 

Federal do Parana – UFPR” in Curitiba, Brazil. 

The goal is to create a “Master of science” program 

which is accepted in Brazil or alternatively in German 

and Brazil, and to achieve an accreditation of that program. 

The study program will be financed by tuition 

fees. 

It is intended to first link the university lectures and 

research through close cooperation with the University 

of Stuttgart and later on by building an infrastructure 

at the UFPR. The lectures will be held in German as 

well as in Portuguese. Alongside the lectures German 

language courses will be offered in order to strengthen 

the relationship with Germany. German will take part 

in creating the courses’ curriculum as well as being 

responsible for the quality control of the courses. The 

German side will be in charge of administrating and 

coordinating the overall project. The structure of the 

study program offers a wide range of courses in the 

field of environmental engineering, and the positions 

will be occupied by Germans and Brazilians. 

The coordination with the project-partner UFPR is regulated 

by a cooperation treaty. The UFPR is responsible 

for providing the infrastructure and the lecturers 

as well as for the fee and coordination on the Brazilian 

side. Due to the public relations and the contact to the 

industry, and the partnership in the industrial alliance 

SENAI it is therefore possible to guarantee practicaloriented 

programs as well. 


Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst DAAD 


Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) 

Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial 

(SENAI) 

Contact: 

Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel (IWT), Akad. Direktor 

Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer (IWT) 

Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer (SIA) 

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. J. Metzger (CH) 


Extensive treatment processes for water and 

wastewater. Post-graduation-specializing course 

at the “FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA SENAI BLU- 

MENAU”, the national environmental protection 

center of the industry (SENAI-SC) in Blumenau/ 

Santa Catarina Brazil. 

The national environmental protection center of the industry 

(SENAI-SC) in Blumenau/ Santa Catarina offers 

a post-graduate-specializing course “Gerenciamento 

de Aquas e Efluentes”. 

As part of these courses Dr. Menzel gives a series of 

lectures called “Advanced Treatment Technologies for 

Process-Water and Wastewater”. 


Nationales Umweltschutzzentrum der Industrie 

(SENAI) in Blumenau 

Contact: 


“Environmental management in the industry” 

post-graduate-specializing course at the Universidade 

Federal do Parana (UFPR) in cooperation 

with the national environmental protection center 

of the industry (SENAI) 

Over the past few years the Universidade Federal do 

Parana (UFPR) has lead the post-graduate-specializing 

course “Environmental Management in Industries” in 

cooperation with SENAI. 

As part of this course Dr. Menzel gives a series of lectures 

called “Management of Industrial Wastewater”. 


Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR) in Curitiba 


(SENAI) in Curitiba 


Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR) in Curitiba 


(SENAI) in Curitiba 

Contact: 


39


Environmental engineering study offers in Brazilian 

Summer School at Fundacentro (Fundao 

Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurance e Mediciana 

do Trabalho (research institute at the ministry 

of work) in Sao Paulo and CEFET (Centro 

Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana) in 

Curitiba, Brazil. 

Alongside political and legal conditions it is also crucial 

to obtain the know-how and qualified personal in order 

to create a sustainable environmental protection program 

and solve environmental problems. 

As part of the model-project “Umweltschutztechnische 

Studienangebote in Brasilien – Summer School” lecturers 

of the University of Stuttgart will hold a three 

week learning event in Brazil in which the field of waste-economy, 

waste technology and industrial water 

and wastewater technology will be taught. 

The participants of the summer school in Belo Horizonte during the visit of the goldmine of the Anglogold company 

40 

The participants in the Summer School should be able 

to apply their acquired knowledge in order to contribute 

to the environmental protection in Brazil. The 

Participants include professors, students from higher 

semesters and colleges, as well as professionals from 

industrial and communal branches. 

The Summer Schools are executed due to strong cooperation 

between the IWT department at the University 

of Stuttgart and Brazilian universities and academic 

institutions in Brazil. 

The experiences and contacts made during this modelproject 

should contribute to the development of new 

study events and programs in Brazil as well as create 

a bond to the University of Stuttgart. 

As far as the participating partners are concerned this 

project is an opportunity to cooperate in the fields of 

science, research, joined projects as well as student 

exchange programs etc. with the University of Stuttgart.

Teaching topics of the Summer Schools: 

„Industrial Waste Water Treatment“ 

• Intro waste water treatment technology 

• Volume, types and contents of waste water 

• Fundamentals of industrial watermanagement 

• Abstract of process technologies 

• Preparing measures 

• Mechanical-physical treatment 

• Biological treatment 

• Conditioning of sludge and sludge disposal 

• Physicochemical treatment 

• Case study: combined processes 

• Examples of practical applications 

• Exercises in groups 

• Excursion 

„Solid Waste Management and Treatment“ 

• Environmental aspects of solid waste 

• Source, composition, quantities of solid waste 

• Waste management systems 

Diploma- and Master Thesis 

Untersuchungen zur Reinigung von sulfat- und 

schwermetallhaltigen Abwässern durch kombinierte 

Membranverfahren im Vergleich zu konventionellen 

Fällungs- und Flockungsverfahren 

Angela Aray (WAREM) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel 

Master Thesis 

Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung für Prozessund 

Abwasserbehandlungsverfahren in China 

(2006) 

Yongquan Yan (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 


JZR Process for High Load Wastewater Treatment 

Zhang Yanrong (WAREM) (2006) 


Master Thesis 


• Collection and transport of solid waste 

• Sorting and recycling 

• Waste disposal – landfill, incineration 

• Composting and anaerobic digestion of separate 

collected biowaste 

• Air purification 

• Analysis of solid waste 


Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst DAAD 


Fundacentro (Fundacao Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de 

Seguranca e Medicina do Trabalho (Forschungsinstitut 

am Arbeitsministerium) in Sao Paulo; 

CEFET (Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do 

Parana) in Curitiba 

Contact: 


Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer 

Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer (SIA) 

Dipl.-Geol. D. Clauß (SIA) 

Entwicklung und Optimierung eines Prototypen 

zur biologischen Aufbereitung von Abwasser aus 

der Fahrzeugwäsche bei der Firma Alfred Kärcher 

GmbH & Co. 

Michael Eckert (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


Abwasserbehandlungsstrategie in der Industriezone 

Zekou Stadt Qianjiang Hubei, China 

Chenjie Jiang (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


Zentrale oder dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung 

in Ze Kou – Industriezone Qian Jiang, Hu Bei, 

China 

Kun Zhang (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


41


Choice and verification of a suitable process technology 

for the waste water treatment of sweetproduction 

by field tests 

Larisa Nikitina (WASTE) (2007) 


Master Thesis 

Untersuchungen zur Biomassenabtrennung an 

einen Strahlzonenschlaufenreaktor und weitergehende 

Behandlung mittels Nanofiltration bei 

einem Abwasser der Textilindustrie 

Ridong Huang (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


42 

Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Ammoniumeliminierung 

für eine bestehende Grundwasserreinigungsanlage 

Wencheng Yan (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. W.R. Müller (Biology), 

Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel


Contact 


Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-65417 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

Mobil: ++49 (0)172/7303330 

Email: uwe.menzel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Christine Schulmeister 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63742 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

Email: christine.schulmeister@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dr.-Ing. Daniela Neuffer 

Email: daniela.neuffer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Email: daniela.neuffer@gmx.net 

Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schölppe 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-65419 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

Email: stefan.schoelppe@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Sebastian Platz 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-65470 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

Email: sebastian.platz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Kay Kolata 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-65419 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

Email: kay.kolata@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Karen Amaral 

Tel: 0711/685-65470 

Fax: 0711/685-63729 

Email: karen.amaral@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

CTA Silvia Brechtel 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63731 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

43



Muddy waters? Not with us! 

Our Wastewater Technology department undertakes research primarily on municipal sewage treatment and 

discharge. 

Our activities are focused on research in current problems of sewage technology, training and continuing professional 

development of personnel for sewage treatment plants and sewer networks. Furthermore, the department 

acts as an independent consultant for plant operators and engineers in all issues related to the operation and 

planning of sewage treatment plants and sewer networks. The aim of our consulting and research activities is 

to achieve long-term protection of surface waters taking economic factors into consideration. Some of the most 

significant developments in wastewater treatment in Germany have been influenced by our department. For 

example, in 1982 the first tests involving separation of activated sludge using membranes took place here. Since 

then the importance of this process has increased. In more recent projects, we have investigated the use of 

membrane technology for the retention of pathogens and organic trace substances. Our wastewater discharge 

projects also include sewer network management. Here, monitoring systems and the control of pollution loads 

are at the forefront. Moreover, we explore the economical and ecological effects of infiltration water into sewers 

and establish systematic concepts for its recognition and reduction. We provide a number of advanced training 

opportunities for domestic and foreign wastewater professionals. The long term aim of these courses is to enable 

foreign sewage treatment works personnel to achieve the level of training common in Germany. Since the technical 

state of treatment plants in other countries is continuously improving, these plants can only be optimally 

utilized by appropriately qualified personnel. This training is also of great importance for German companies in 

terms of the development of new markets, as most of the technologies taught in such courses are principally 

German in origin. 

44 


• Membrane processes for wastewater 

treatment and reuse 

• Removal of organic trace compounds 

• Integration of fuel cells in wastewater 

treatment plants 

• Phosphorus recovery from wastewater 

and sewage sludge 

• Treatment of process water from 

sludge dewatering 

• Fixed-bed processes for biological 

wastewater treatment 

• Infiltration water in wastewater 


• Stormwater treatment in combined 

and separate systems 

• Monitoring and control of pollution 

loads in sewer networks 

• Reduction of germs in stormwater 

and wastewater

Projects 

Effects of a longer power failure on surface waters 

through wastewater treatment plants 

Energy is becoming a more important aspect for the 

analysis of waste water treatment plants (WWTP). Numerous 

research studies were carried out in the recent 

past on this topic, with the goal being predominantly 

aligned to the energy optimization and balance of wastewater 

treatment plants. In doing so, the intention 

was to find the most efficient technologies to cover 

the energy demand of wastewater treatment plants as 

well as to optimize their operation and develop alternative 

processes. Unfortunately, the effects of a long 

power failure on the operation of wastewater treatment 

plants and the resulting influence on the waterbody 

quality remain practically unexplored. In the context 

of this project two aspects should be examined; 

Firstly, assessment of secure supply of electricity and 

determination of the degree of the self-power supply 

of purification plants. Secondly, estimation of the water 

contamination loading at a longer power failure at 

wastewater treatment plants. 

In the Figure below the absolute numbers of the current 

consumption, production and the degree of the 

self-power supply for the waste water treatment plants 

Wastewater Technology AWT 

in Baden-Württemberg are plotted. In the diagram a 

clear potential for the increase of the self-power supply 

is to be recognized. However, for class 4 it must 

be marked that in the range of 10.000 P.E to 100.000 

P.E. the degree of self-power supply is unfavourable 

due to predominant economic reasons. Because of the 

dimensions in class 5, the few waste water treatment 

plants without combined heat and power plant (BHKW) 

have significant effects on the balance presented in 

Illustration 1. However, in the context of the inquiry, 

numerous waste water treatment plants foretold the 

planning and the construction of such plants. 

The following Figure shows the estimated effects of an 

insufficient self-power supply on water bodies. In the 

diagram the lower bar represents the waterbody contamination 

loading during regular operation of waste 

water treatment plants. According to the boundary 

conditions defined for the current project, the operation 

of all waste water treatment plants in Baden- 

Württemberg is ceased after four days. On this end, 

the maximum waterbody contamination loading that 

can be expected, approximately 1.500.000 kg COD 

per day, occurs. The time period after which the complete 

purification capacity of all wastewater treatment 

plants is restored following the re-establishment of 

Current consumption and production of waste water treatment plants, degrees of the self-power supply 

45


power supply, was not a subject in this investigation. 

The restoration to regular operation is therefore only 

qualitatively to be considered. 

In the context of the current investigation it can be 

perceived, that optimal waste water treatment plant 

operation is tightly associated to self-power and security-power 

supply, which both require substantial improvement. 

This prerequisite, aiming at an improved 

waterbody protection even during long power failures, 

necessitates common efforts on diverse levels. 

46 


Ministry of Environment, Baden-Württemberg 

Duration: 

02/2005 - 01/2007 

Contact: 

Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Keicher 


Internet: 

http:// www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research. 

html 

Estimated waterbody contamination due to the operation of waste water treatment plants

Examinations to improve the hygienic river qua- 

lity of the Körsch 

The determination of significant anthropogenic pollutions 

and the evaluation of their effects on the ecological 

current state of the surface water are an important 

part of the European Union water framework directive 

(2000/690/EG). The causes of poor quality (hygienic) 

of river water are mainly the anthropogenic loads, especially 

sewage discharges. These degrade river water 

not only hygienic-biologically, but optically as well 

(e.g. foam formation, sanitary products etc.). 

Koersch is a small river south of the Stuttgart metropolitan 

area and an important inflow into the Neckar. 

It is significantly affected by anthropogenic sources, 

2 wastewater treatment plants and 52 stormwater 

overflow tanks (only within the boarders of Stuttgart 

City). Under the scope of the current research 

project, microbiological examinations of the river Koersch, 

the discharges from certain stormwater overflow 

tanks and the two wastewater treatment plants 

Stuttgart-Möhringen and Stuttgart-Plieningen were to 

be carried out. After the first period of examination 

the impact of the sewage became conspicuous during 

dry weather periods (discharges from the wastewater 

treatment plants) as well as by rainy weather periods 

(discharges from the sewage overflow tanks). The 

concentrations of the pathogens in the river were higher 

at rainy weather than that at dry weather by 1 to 2 


orders of magnitude. The limit values according to the 

EU Directive on Bathing Water Quality were exceeded 

permanently. 

The aim of the research project is to develop measures 

for improving the river water quality. The project contains 

an integrated management of sewer system, 

wastewater treatment plant and surface water. The 

wastewater treatment plant Stuttgart-Plieningen is 

ideal for simulating sewage network control because 

of seasonal reserves in summer time due to absence 

of water quantities originating from de-icing process at 

the airport in Echterdingen during winter. Especially at 

rainy weather conditions there are possibilities to optimize 

the sewage network control, e.g. by increasing 

inflow to the wastewater treatment plant. Measures to 

reduce the negative impact on the river Koersch are 

prioritized depending on feasibility and effectiveness. 


Stadtentwässerung Stuttgart (SES) 

Duration: 

10/2006 – 04/2009 

Contact: 

Dipl.-Ing. Juliane Gasse 

Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research.html 

Escherichia coli concentrations of the river Körsch as well as the confluence Ramsbach and the discharges of 

municipal wastewater during dry and rain weather conditions 

47


Comparative examinations of innovative processes 

for disinfection of Stuttgart’s wastewater 


The City Drainage of Stuttgart (SES) operates four 

wastewater treatment plants (1,6 Mio. PE) and a sewer 

system 1.700 km long. Besides the stormwater 

overflow and the agricultural effluents, wastewater 

treatment plant effluents are in general the main emission 

source of pathogens into the rivers in spite of the 

high degree of purification. Different pathogens and 

germs have a significant influence on the utilisation of 

surface water as bathing water. Therefore innovative 

disinfection systems (UV and membrane facilities) for 

improving the hygienic quality of effluents were operated 

in parallel and were evaluated technically and 

economically. The examinations were carried out at 

the Sewage treatment plant for Research and Education 

of the Universität Stuttgart. 

The disinfection systems were operated at the same 

time and with the same wastewater (effluent of microsieves 

or effluent of secondary sedimentation tank). 

For the investigation constant (Q and Q ) and 

max/2 max 

proportional to the inflow of the LFKW loading rates 

(Qinflow-proportional) were implemented. The expected 

degree of disinfection was not given at the outset. 

The first experimental period (influent pilot plants 

= effluent microsieves) was affected by optimizing 

measures on the part of the manufacturing compa- 

Faecal coliforms in the influent and effluent of the pilot plants (influent = second clarifier effluent) 

48 

nies. In the second experimental period the degree of 

disinfection in all pilot plants was excellent. The concentration 

of total coliforms and faecal coliforms dropped 

far below the guide values of the EU Directive on 

Bathing Water Quality. Hence, the disinfection capability 

of these technologies has been acknowledged. 

Considering large-scale utilisation, UV disinfection is 

the most economical process. Membrane systems exhibit 

very high operational costs due to energy consumption 

and chemical cleaning requirements. They 

could be recommended only for wastewater treatment 

plants that require an improvement concerning other 

parameters (e.g. suspended solids, total phosphorous) 

and that do not yet have sand filters or similar systems 

in operation. This would be conceivable in the wastewater 

treatment plant in Stuttgart-Möhringen. 


Stadtentwässerung Stuttgart (SES) 

Duration: 

03/2006 – 11/2006 

Contact: 

Dipl.-Ing. Corinna Schrader 


Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research.html

Recovery of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge 

The production of industrial fertilizer containing phosphorus 

requires the exploitation of geological sources 

which leads to a reduction of decomposable rock 

and therefore contradicts the rule of sustainability. To 

preserve the natural resources, a process was developed 

to recover phosphorus from municipal sewage 

sludge. 

Phosphorus is leached out of digested sludge at pH=2 

by the use of sulphuric acid. In this step, amongst 

phosphorus, metals contained in the sludge are dissolved. 

The phosphorus-enriched liquid phase is then 

separated from the remaining solid phase by a chamber 

filter press. In the liquid phase, interfering metal 

ions are complexed with citric acid to exclude them 

from further chemical reactions (e.g. precipitation of 

phosphorus as metal-phosphates). For the following 

MAP-precipitation, pH has to be adjusted to 8,5 by 

adding NaOH. The phosphorus in the liquid phase is 

then precipitated by the addition of MgCl . 2 

MAP-precipitation container 

Dissolution container 


49


The produced MAP can be directly used as fertilizer. 

The latest research (Römer, 2006; Simon and Clemens, 

2006; Goto, 2001) showed that the fertilizer 

value of MAP is comparable to that of commercial fertilizers. 

The quality of the produced MAP is comparable 

to that of commercial mineral fertilizers in terms of 

heavy metal concentration. 

Facility diagram 

50 




iat-Ingenieurberatung GmbH, Stuttgart 

Duration: 

04/2006 – 12/2007 

Contact: 

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Weidelener 

Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research.html

Investigations of the Use of Sediment Traps in 

Combined Sewer Systems in Municipalities in Baden-Württemberg 

Combined sewer systems are traditionally widespread 

in Baden-Württemberg. Thereby, it became obvious 

that sewer sediments in local drainage systems may 

cause operational problems. Mineral solids entering 

machinery and mechanical installations in sewer networks 

can lead to damaging of pumps, pressure pipes, 

fine-meshed sieves and rakes. This increases maintenance 

requirements and operational costs. The installation 

of sediment traps in combined sewer systems 

is an alternative method, serving as protection device 

and bringing significant financial advantages. 

Within the scope of the current project, a survey on 

species and domain inventory of sediment trap facilities 

in Baden-Württemberg has been carried out. The 

systems under consideration were evaluated in respect 

to their efficiency and functionality. 


DWA Landesverband Baden-Württemberg 

Duration: 

03/2006 – 01/2007 

Contact: 

Dr.-Ing. Gebhard Stotz 

Internet: 

http:// www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research. 

html 


Export-oriented Research and Development in 

the Field of the Wastewater Treatment 

Subproject: Use of the Trickling Filter Process 

under Different Country-Specific Influence Factors 

The European and American dimensioning standards 

for trickling filters do not sufficiently comprehend influence 

of high temperatures. As biological activity is 

directly influenced by temperature, the non-critical 

use of these standards in warm climate countries can 

theoretically lead to oversized plants. Aiming the adjustment/adaptation 

of the trickling filter technology 

for the international market in warm climate countries, 

a semi-scale trickling filter was operated and investigated 

in a climate chamber under high temperatures 

on the premises of the wastewater treatment plant of 

the Universität Stuttgart. Air temperature was kept at 

30°C with help of an air conditioning system. Water 

Trickling filter 

Climate chamber 

51


temperature was adjusted to 25 °C by means of heat 

exchangers. To make a comparison of packing media 

possible, the trickling filter was vertically filled with 

two packing materials: lava slag and plastic packing 

medium (cross-flow). The volumetric organic loading 

was gradually increased up to approximately 1.2 kg 

BOD /(m 5 3•d). In order to estimate enhancement of performance due 

to high temperatures, performance curves for different 

volumetric organic loadings were obtained and compared 

with curves from literature. The results indicate 

correlation between enhancement of performance and 

volumetric organic loading. For small volumetric organic 

loadings enhancement of performance was not 

observed. On the other hand, for high volumetric or- 

BOD 5 removal rates of the semi-scale TF (25 °C) and of TFs in Germany (temperate temperatures (Imhoff, 

1979)) 

52 

ganic loadings performance is remarkably increased. 

The operation of a high-loaded trickling filter for sole 

carbon removal with high temperatures leads to a volume 

saving of approximately 60%. 


German Ferderal Ministry of Education and Research 

(BMBF) 

Duration: 

02/2005 – 01/2007 

Contact: 

Fabio Pressinotti, M.Sc. 

Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research_current.html#weidelener2

Biological hydrogen production from organic 

substrates in the biological wastewater treatment 

Worldwide, the energy demand is still predominantly 

supplied from fossil fuels. Increasing energy consumption 

and limited natural resources require the development 

of alternative methods for energy production. 

Fuel cells that use hydrogen as fuel present a promising 

alternative for energy production. Reforming of 

hydrogen-rich hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas, for hydrogen 

production is considered to be technically and 

economically the most suitable process until to date. 

However, for a sustainable energy production transition 

to alternative energy resources is required. 

Within the scope of the current project the possibility 

of hydrogen production from organic substrates 

in the biological wastewater treatment is investigated. 

During anaerobic sludge digestion, hydrogen is produced 

as an intermediate product, which is subsequent- 


ly converted to methane in the methanogenic phase. 

This hydrogen can be utilised with the help of fuel cells 

for an almost emission-free energy production. 

Several different types of sewage sludge shall be tested 

for their suitability with regard to hydrogen production. 

Initially, optimum boundary conditions (such 

as ph value, partial pressure of hydrogen, nutrient 

supply, retention time in the reactor, inhibition of methanogenic 

bacteria) in lab-scale experiments are to 

be assessed. Aim is the maximisation of gas yield and 

hydrogen content. 

Preliminary results of lab-scale batch experiments with 

sucrose as substrate for hydrogen yield optimisation 

demonstrate that the optimum pH lies between pH = 6 

and pH = 6,5. Substrate concentration exhibits also an 

optimum range. In this case, hydrogen yield is higher 

when the pH is continuously adjusted than when it is 

just set to an initial value. 

Investigation of the optimum pH for hydrogen production (in respect to sucrose consumption) 

53


In the remaining time the following aspects are to be 

investigated: 

• Suitability of different types of sewage sludge for 

biological hydrogen production. The possibility of 

co-fermentation of biological waste will be investigated 

as well. 

• Enrichment in hydrogen with the help of a selective 

membrane. 

• Testing of a two-stage continuous process for sludge 

stabilisation and complete utilisation of the sludge’s 

energy content. Accordingly, hydrogen and methane 

will be produced during the first and second 

stage respectively. 

• Evaluation of the process energetically 

Investigation of the optimum substrate concentration for hydrogen production (sucrose as substrate) 

54 



Duration: 

03/2007 - 03/2009 

Contact: 

Iosif Mariakakis, M.Sc. 


Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research_current.html#hydrogen

MODULAARE: Integrated Modules for Efficient 

Wastewater Treatment, Solid Waste Disposal 

and Regenerative Energy Recovery in Tourist 

Resorts 

Tourism is a rapidly growing sector and sustainability 

in tourism requires an environmentally conscious management. 

Particularly in arid provinces, large amounts 

of water required for the irrigation may constitute a 

problem. Preferred regions often include naturally vulnerable 

areas in which hotels or holiday villages are 

located far from central infrastructure, such as wastewater 

treatment plants and landfills. The transport of 

wastes to central systems is a costly process. On one 

hand’s side, large amounts of wastewater and solid 

waste are produced due to increased needs on holiday, 

on the other side wastewater, even though polluted, 

constitutes an important water resource and can be 

reused if properly treated. 

In this context, an innovative, decentralised and modular 

concept for wastewater treatment, solid waste 

disposal and energy production was developed. 

The concept was applied within the framework of a 

research project (MODULAARE) and conducted by a 

consortium including University of Stuttgart. The emphasis 

of the project was placed on the practical and 

the economical feasibility of the concept. Thus for the 

implementation of the project a Turkish tourist resort 

Separate analyses of different wastewater streams 


connected to a municipal waste water treatment plant 

has been selected as pilot hotel. A pilot plant combining 

wastewater treatment and solid waste processing 

were installed and operated. A simple laboratory was 

established in the hotel grounds. 

The modular pilot plant combined a membrane bioreactor 

for wastewater recycling with a digester unit for 

energy recovery out of organic waste from the kitchen 

and green areas as well as the excess sludge of the 

membrane bioreactor. 

The wastewater module was constructed in a cargo 

container in Germany and then transported to the hotel 

at the beginning of the summer season 2005. The 

process was based on a low loaded membrane bioreactor 

consisting of several steps to remove nitrogen and 

carbonaceous substances and ending with membrane 

filtration. Wastewater produced in the hotel is collected 

in a central shaft and only a small part of it is brought 

to the plant (7 m³/d - 10 m³/d). After being stored in 

a mass balancing tank, wastewater was pumped into a 

primary sedimentation unit. This was followed by separate 

anoxic and aerobic zones, interconnected by a 

recirculation line. Treated wastewater was then permeated 

through submerged ultrafiltration membranes 

placed in the aerobic tank and stored in a separate 

chamber connected to the irrigation pond. 

55


The membrane bioreactor was operated during 3 sum- 

mer seasons from 2005 to 2007 in the large tourist. 

Treatment efficiency was monitored through chemical 

and microbiological analyses. Data related to water 

use was collected. Specific user values were calculated. 

Wastewater was analysed in different production 

points. Acceptance of guests about environmental applications 

on holiday was investigated. 

According to the results, the water consumption in 

Iberotel remained in average range compared to other 

given literature. Kitchen and laundry together constituted 

the largest potable water use station after the 

garden. A considerably higher water use per guest 

was observed in low occupancy. Regarding the water 

use points in the hotel, the most concentrated pollution 

loads originated from the kitchen, laundry and 

the rooms. Figure below presents the pollution loads 

in wastewater from the kitchen, laundry and rooms 

comparatively. The wastewater of Iberotel in general 

represented a very concentrated wastewater, differing 

from common domestic wastewater also with its extremely 

high solid matter content. Therefore an extra 

sieve had to be constructed after the first operation 

season. An efficient wastewater treatment was achieved 

in membrane bioreactor. COD removal rates were 

mostly above 98 % where nitrogen removal varied in a 

wider range between 90 % and 98 %. Besides operational 

parameters, the heavy metal content was investigated 

in some permeate samples. All of the measured 

values remained far below the critical threshold levels 

of FAO (1992). During microbiological investigations t. 

coli and e. coli were analysed in 20 permeate samples. 

All of the measured values remained far below the limit 

values of EU-directive for bathing and recreational 

purposes (76/160/EEC), most were smaller than the 

recommended values. Also according to the WHO guidelines 

for the use of treated wastewater in agriculture 

the treated wastewater from the wastewater module 

was within the acceptable range. Both chemical and 

microbiological analyses proved the treated wastewater 

to be “safe to use” for recreational purposes. 

56 

The acceptance study presented surprisingly positive 

results. A significant majority of the participants gave 

opinions in favour of decentralised processes in holiday 

resorts and wastewater reuse. 

This modular and decentralised system is expected to 

be suitable for applications in sensitive regions such 

as tourism regions, coral reefs, islands, coasts, natural 

parks etc. as well as remote settlements which experience 

difficulties to get connected to the central systems. 

Such applications can also help minimising the 

environmental pollution in naturally valuable regions 

that do not have the required infrastructure. Due to 

the modular concept, an adaptation to various places 

and climatic zones seems to be easily realisable. 

The practical phase of the project has been completed 

in October 2007. Data evaluation is being conducted. 

The results will show whether such decentralised plants 

can be operated optimally in terms of both economical 

issues and quality of secondary products. 



(BMBF) 


• AT-Verband (Verband zur Förderung angepasster, 

sozial- und umweltverträglicher Technologien 

e.V.) 

• Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, 

Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft, Abteilung 

Siedlungsabfall 

• Memos Membranes Modules Systems GmbH 

• Bio-Sytem Selecta GmbH 

• Iberotel Sarigerme Park, TUI AG - Umweltmanagement 

Duration: 

10/2003 – 03/2007 

Contact: 

Demet Antakyalı, M.Sc. 


Internet: 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/awt/en/research_current.html#modulaare

Independent Studies, Master- and Diploma Thesis 

Untersuchung und vergleichende Bewertung der 

Leistungsfähigkeit von radikalisch initiierten 

oxidativen Verfahren zum Abbau persistenter 

organischer Wasserschadstoffe aus Konzentraten 

der Nanofiltration 

Katrin Frey (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe, 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kh. Krauth 

Weiterentwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Phosphorrückgewinnung 

aus Klärschlämmen mit hohem 

Anteil an Aluminiumphospaten 

Mara Steinhilber (Hochschule Reutlingen) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Weidelener, 

Prof. Dr. Siegfried Blösl, Hochschule Reutlingen 

Untersuchungen zum Verblockungsverhalten 

verschiedener Druckbelüftungssysteme 

Lara Cifre Magraner (Uni Barcelona) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe, Prof. 

Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rott 

Entwicklung und Probebetrieb einer halbtechnischen 

Versuchsanlage für die Festo Didactic 

GmbH & Co. KG 

Shanfeng Sun (Bauingeniuerwesen) (2006) 


Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rott 

Betriebsoptimierung einer rotierenden Ultrafiltrationsmembran 

zur Biomassenabtrennung 

Kai Wu (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 



Betriebsprobleme mit feinblasigen Druckbelüftungssystemen 

auf kommunalen Kläranlagen in 

Baden-Württemberg 

Sabine Kaebert (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 




Einsatz von Ultrafiltrationsmembranen zur Auf- 

bereitung von Druckgussabwässern 

Sebastian Tews (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 


Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz 

Clogging and Fouling of Membrane Diffuses in 

Activated Sludge Processes 

Seth Agbottah (WASTE) (2006) 



Application of Membrane Bioreactors in the Paper 

Industry 

Jenny Maria Rojas (WASTE) (2007) 



A Lab-Scale Investigation for the Effects of a 

Power Failure on Biological Wastewater Treatment 

Processes 

Ghulam Mursid (WASTE) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Keicher, 


Modeling of a Trickling Filter with Focus on Biofilm 

Processes 

Iosif Mariakakis (WASTE) (2007) 

Supervisor: Fabio Chui Pressinotti, M.Sc., 

Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe, 


Corrosion of Pipes in Water Supply and Waste 

Water Disposal Systems 

Odusami Adedapo (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Gebhard Stotz, 


Assessment of Wastewater and its Impact on Environment 

in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, 

Prabin K.C.(MIP) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. Giselher Kaule, ILPÖ 

57


Möglichkeiten zur Ertüchtigung der Abwas- 

serentsorung im ländlichen Raum – Modell- 

vorhaben in 2 chinesischen Dörfern der Stadt 

Hangzhou 

Yalin Fan (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 



The Influence of Particle Settling Velocity on Sizing 

Stormwater Sedimentation Tanks 

Omodara Olakunle (WAREM) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dr. Gebhard Stotz, Prof. Dr. Silke Wieprecht 

Sustainable Urban Drainage System; Assessment 

of a Combined Filtration and Below Ground 

Stormwater Detention and Utilisation System 

Dipl. Biol. Birgit Fabritius (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dr. Miklas Scholz (University of Edinburgh), 


Variantenbetrachtung mit Hilfe der dynamischen 

Simulation am Beispiel der Kläranlage Hirsau 

Christian Locher (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz 

58 

Recovery of Phosphorous as MAP (Struvite) from 

Digested Sewage Sludge by Using Metal Separation 

with a Nafion Ion Exchange Membrane 

Kenan Güney (WAREM) (2007) 



Economical and Procedural Comparison of Different 

Combined Heat and Power Units (CHP) fort 

he Use on Wastewater Treatment Plants 

Maria M. Medellín Govea (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Keicher, 


A Case Study; Water Balance in Iberotel Sarigerme 

Park, Turkey and Evaluation of Wastewater 

reuse Opportunities Using MEMOS Membrane Bioreactor 

A. Baran Özcan (WAREM) (2007) 

Supervisor: Demet Antakyali, 


Potential and restrictions for sustainable sanitation 

concepts 

Imelda Leiwakabessy (WASTE) (2007) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz

Contact 

Dr.-Ing. Jörg Krampe (Akad. Oberrat) 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 65420 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 67637 

E-Mail: joerg.krampe@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 



Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 65439 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: gebhard.stotz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Tel.: 0711 / 685 - 65410 

Fax: 0711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: juliane.gasse@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Weidelener 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63740 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: alex.weidelener@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Demet Antakyalı, M.Sc. 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63895 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: demet.antakyali@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Fabio Chui Pressinotti, M.Sc. 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 65445 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: fabio.pressinotti@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Christian Locher 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 65422 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: christian.locher@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Iosif Mariakakis, M.Sc. 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 65405 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711 / 685 - 63729 

E-Mail: iosif.mariakakis@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

Chief: 

Siegfried Schmitz 


E-Mail: siegfried.schmitz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Chemical technical employee 

Harald Duvinage 

Bärbel Huber 

Harald Müller 

59


o. Prof. Dr. -Ing. Martin Kranert 


Dr. -Ing. K. Fischer 

SIA 


Prof. Dr. -Ing. E. Thomanetz 

Measuring in Air Pollution Control TAL 

Dr. -Ing. M. Reiser 

Biological Air Purification ALR 

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. K.-H. Engesser 

SOA 

61



The aim of research and education at the Chair of Waste 

Management and Emissions is to assure resource 

conservation and climate protection in a sustainable 

manner. Within this context, material flows that become 

waste as result of the use of resources, their 

treatment processes, along with the emissions from 

waste treatment plants, are considered. The topic 

of biological waste air purification is dealt in a special 

department within the chair. Considering that sustainable 

waste management gives priority to actions 

that counteract the generation of waste, fundamental 

waste management processes, which serve as cornerstones 

for sustainable resource management, span 

from the generation of waste and its avoidance, over 

the recovery of materials and energy from waste, up 

to the environmentally sound disposal of wastes and 

the control of the associated emissions. 

Education and research encompass a holistic approach 

to waste management, from waste avoidance, to the 

valorisation of wastes, up to the environmentally 

sound disposal of residual waste. Beside the lectures 

offered for Civil Engineering students, courses are specially 

tailored for the German taught Environmental 

Engineering program, and the international Master of 

Science program „Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and 

Waste Water Process Engineering – WASTE”. 

Research is focused on the following fields: 

• Modelling, simulation and evaluation of waste management 

systems and concepts taking into consideration 

resource conservation and climate protection. 

• Biotechnological waste treatment processes (composting, 

anaerobic digestion), concentrating specially 

on process modelling and simulation of anaerobic 

systems, and regenerative energy recovery 

from organic waste and renewable resources. 

• Examination and evaluation of decentralized disposal 

systems for the joint treatment of solid 

waste and wastewater, as well as energy recovery 

(zero waste and wastewater processes e.g. tourist 

areas, islands). 

• Infrastructure development for future megacities, 

particularly in developing and emerging economies. 

Scientific accompaniment of the implementation 

of sustainable material management systems 

and waste treatment technologies. 

• Analysis of wastes and emissions, including contactless 

measurement of methane emissions from 

surfaces. 

62 

The Chair of Waste Management and Emissions is a 

member of several competence networks e.g. Competence 

Centre Environmental Engineering (Kompetenzzentrum 

für Umweltschutz Region Stuttgart (KURS 

e.V.)) and several standardization committees and scientific 

advisory boards, and a result has established 

numerous contacts and cooperation agreements with 

several research institutions, public waste management 

authorities and private enterprises. Cooperation 

with foreign universities and research institutions have 

been established through international research projects. 

Activities in Education 

The Chair’s staff, including lecturers, researchers and 

external readers, holds lectures covering several study 

courses, and supervises students from different academic 

programmes: 

German taught Diploma “Civil Engineering” and “Environmental 

Engineering”: 

• Core course “Sanitary Engineering (and Waste 

Disposal)”, Subarea: Solid Waste Management 

• Specialization field “Solid Waste Management” (including 

13 spezialized lectures, laboratory work, 

seminars) 

International Master Programme „Infrastructure Planning“: 

• Solid waste Management 

• Ecology III 

International Master Programme „WAREM“: 

• Waste Disposal 

International Master Programme „WASTE“ (Established 

in 2002): 

• Solid Waste Management 

• Biological Waste Treatment 

• Landfill 

• Waste (Practical Work) 

• Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Sites 

• Waste Management in Low and Middle Income 

Countries 

• Design of Solid Waste Treatment Plants 

• Chemistry of Solid Waste 

• Emissions from Solid Waste Treatment Plants 

Seminars, laboratory work, design exercises, and excursions 

supplement the lectures.

In order to comply with the new Bachelor / Master 

scheme, all study programmes have been restructured 

and modularized, and these changes will be introduced 

from the winter semester 2008/09 onwards. 

International 

Cooperation agreements in research and education 

have established with the Institute of Environmental 

Engineering and Biotechnology at the Tampere University 

of Technology (Finland) as well as the Dokuz Eylül 

University at Izmir (Turkey), the University of Salerno 

(Italy), the University of Thessaloniki (Greece) and the 

Technical University of Temesvar (Romania). 

Furthermore, several staff members of the Chair are 

active as associated lecturers at other institutions 

worldwide. 

Conferences 

Beyond research and academic activities, the Chair 

is involved in the continuing education and advanced 

training of professionals. Conferences organized by 

the Chair include the “Baden-Wuerttembergischen 

Waste Days”, hosted together with the Environmental 

Ministry of the federal state of Baden-Wuerrtemberg; 

the waste management colloquia; the landfill seminars, 

in association with the Environmental Protection 

Agency of the federal state of Baden-Wuerrtemberg; 

continuing education courses in cooperation with the 

Society of Engineers for Water Management, Waste 

Management and Agricultural Infrastructure (Bund der 

Ingenieure für Wasserwirtschaft, Abfallwirtschaft und 

Kulturbau (BWK)); as well as lectures in the field of 

Dissertations 

Agricultural Waste Products as Filter Media an 

as Cover Materials in Biofilters for Mediterranean 

Countries, 2006 

Doctoral candidate: Emine Bolcu Özcan 

Principal examiner: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert 

Secondary examiner: Prof. Dr. rer.nat. Johannes Jager 

Secondary examiner: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oktay Tabasaran 


waste management within the scope of the distance 

education programme “Water and Environment” offered 

by the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. Finally, in 

collaboration with the Turkish Environmental Ministry, 

the tradition of the German-Turkish Conferences has 

been revived. 

Committees 

Beside their academic activities, staff members are 

also involved in several committees, including academic 

councils, professional associations and advisory 

boards. These include the German Institute of Stadardization 

(DIN), the Association of German Engineers 

(VDI e.V.), the Society of Engineers for Water Management, 

Waste Management and Agricultural Infrastructure 

(Bund der Ingenieure für Wasserwirtschaft, Abfallwirtschaft 

und Kulturbau (BWK)), Working Group 

for the Valorization of Municipal Solid Waste (Arbeitskreis 

zur Nutzbarmachung von Siedlungsabfällen (ANS 

e.V.)), German Association for Water, Wastewater and 

Waste (DWA e.V.), Association for Quality Control of 

Compost derived from Sewage Sludge (Vereinigung 

zur Gütesicherung von Abwasserschlammkomposten 

(VGVA e.V.)), the ORBIT Association, the European 

Compost Network (ECN), and the Federal Compost 

Quality Association (Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost 

(BGK)). 

Additionally, the chairholder serves as referee for several 

research funding institutions, scholarship foundations 

and accreditation agencies. Furthermore, several 

staff members play a leading role in the Competence 

Centre “Environmental Engineering” (Kompetenzzentrum 

für Umweltschutz Region Stuttgart (KURS e.V.)). 

Title: Agricultural Waste Products as Filter Media and 

as Cover Materials in Biofilters for Mediterranean 

Countries, 2006 Forschungs- und Entwicklungssinstitut 

für Industrie- und Siedlungswasserwirtschaft sowie 

Abfallwirtschaft e.V. Stuttgart (FEI). München: Oldenbourg 

Industrieverlag GmbH, 2005. (Stuttgarter Berichte 

zur Abfallwirtschaft; Bd.88) 242 S., 66 Abb., 47 

Tab., ISBN 3-8356-3113-6 

63


Co-Supervision of Dissertations and Habilitations 

Aussagefähigkeiten von Ökobilanzen - Sensitivitätsanalyse 

der Wirkungsabschätzung im Rahmen 

der ökologischen Bewertung an Beispielen 

der Klärschlammentsorgung in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 

Jochen Schubert 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Renatus Widmann, Universität 

Duisburg-Essen (2006) 

Dissertation 

Regelungsverfahren für die anaerobe Behandlung 

von organischen Abfällen. 

Jan Liebetrau 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Werner Bidlingmaier, 

Bauhaus Universität Weimar (2006) 

Dissertation 

Development and application of a method to calculate 

optimal recycling rates with the help of 

cost-benefit scenarios 

Markus Hiebel 



Dissertation 

Methanisierung stapelbarer Biomasse in diskontinuierlich 

betriebenen Feststofffermentationsanlagen 

Sigrid Kusch 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Thomas Jungbluth, Universität 

Hohenheim 

Dissertation 

64 

Sickerkreislauf zur Behandlung von Sickerwäs- 

sern der aerob-biologischen Restabfallbehand- 

lung 

Peter Degener 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Spillmann, Universität 

Rostock (2007) 

Dissertation 

Solare Konvektionstrocknung wasserreicher 

organischer Reststoffe am Beispiel von Klärschlamm 

Dr. sc. agr. Markus Bux 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. J. Müller, Universität Hohenheim 

(2006) 

Habilitation 

Neue Ansätze zur Beschreibung biologischer 

Systeme in Abwasser- und Abfallbehandlungsanlagen: 

Methoden und Anwendung 

Dr. rer.nat. Martin Denecke 



Habilitation

Publications 

Bidlingmaier, W., Fricke, K., Kranert, M. (Hrsg.) (2007): 

Getrennte Erfassung von Bioabfall und Wertstoffen. 

CD. ORBIT e.V. Weimar 2007. 

Cimatoribus C. (2006): Capitolo 7. Scelta dello schema 

di controllo: il processo Tennesse-Eastman. In: 

Trotta A., Sistemi di controllo nei processi chimici, Ed. 

Progetto, Padova, 2006. 

Cimatoribus, C., Kranert, M. (2006): Parameter estimation 

for ADM 1: Application to a full scale plant for 

sewage sludge treatment ORBIT Kongress 2006, 13. 

- 15. September 2006, Weimar, in: Kraft et al (Hrsg.) 

Proceedings of ORBIT, , S. 809 – 814, Weimar 2006. 

Cimatoribus, C., Kranert, M. (2007): A parameter estimation 

protocol for anaerobic digestion. Fortschritt 

beim Biogas - Progress in Biogas, September 19-21, 

2007, Hohenheim, Germany, Proceedings S. 141-146, 

2007. 

Doedens, H., Kranert, M. et al. (2007): Status der MBA 

in Deutschland, Müll und Abfall, 12/2007, S. 576-579, 

2007. 

Esacalante, N., Kranert, M., Hafner, G. (2007): Environmental 

evaluation of household waste management 

systems in Southern Germany. Sardinia 2007, 11. International 

Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 

Cagliari, 1.-5.10.2007. In: Cossu et al (Hrsg.), 

Proceedings and executive summaries, CISA, S. 739- 

740 und 12 S. (CD), 2007. 

Faiella M., Cimatoribus C. (2007): Trockenfermentation 

in Boxenfermentern. Substratmischung und Gasausbeute. 

Wasser und Abfall 9: S.30-33, 2007. 

Fischer, K. (2006): Sustainable Solid waste Management, 

Int. Tagung 4 Motoren Europas zur Nachhaltigen 

Entwicklung, Skhirat, Marokko, 16.-17.01.2006. 

Hafner, G., Kranert, M. et al. (2007): MODULAARE, 

integrated modules for high efficient waste water purification, 

waste treatment and regenerative energy 

recovery in tourism resorts. Sardinia 2007, 11. International 

Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 

Cagliari, 1.-5.10.2007. In: Cossu et al (Hrsg.), Proceedings 

and executive summaries, CISA, S. 875-876 und 

11 S. (CD), 2007. 

Kranert, M., Fischer, K., Hafner, G., Esacalante, N. 

(2006): Neue Ansätze zur Umgestaltung der Hausmüllentsorgung. 

In: Hrgs.: Universität Stuttgart Wechselwirkungen, 

Jahrbuch aus Lehre und Forschung, Stuttgart 

2006 S. 22-35, 2006. 


Kranert, M., Clauß, D. (2006): Abfallmanagement. 

In: Bullinger (Hrsg.): Technologieführer, S. 518-521, 

Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 2006. 

Kranert, M., Clauß, D. (2006): Abfallströme seit Juni 

2005 - Übersicht und Entwicklungen, 76. Darmstädter 

Seminar Abfalltechnik an der TU Darmstadt, veröffentlicht 

im Tagungsband Schriftenreihe WAR Nr. 173, , S. 

13-22, Darmstadt 2006. 

Kranert, M. et al (2006): „Abfallentsorgung mit geringeren 

Lasten für Haushalte, weitgehender Abfallverwertung 

und dauerhaft umwltverträglicher Abfallbeseitigung 

- Konzepte zur langfristigen Umgestaltung der 

heutigen Hausmüllentsorgung“, Forschungsbericht, 

Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg, Reihe Abfall 

Band 78, Stuttgart 2006. 

Kranert, M., Fischer, K., Esacalante, N. (2006): Ökologische 

Bewertung der Sammelsysteme für Haushaltsabfälle. 

6. Sächsischer Kreislaufwirtschaftstag 

des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Umwelt und 

Landwirtschaft, Freiberg 6. April 2006, veröffentlicht 

in den Tagungsunterlagen, Freiberg 2006. 

Kranert, M. (2006): Technologies for aerobic and anaerobic 

management of organic and residual waste 

1. Baltische Bioabfallkonferenz des ECN, Tallin, 23.- 

24.05.2006, Tallin (Estonia) Tagungsunterlagen ECN 

Weimar 2006. 

Kranert, M. (2006): Strategies for the reduction of 

environmental impacts of organic waste treatment 

plants, 1. Baltische Bioabfallkonferenz des ECN, 23.- 

24.05.2006, Tallin (Estonia). Veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen, 

ECN Weimar 2006. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Esacalante, N. (2006): New 

Strategies and evaluation of waste management systems 

- the example of Baden-Wuerttemberg, ECOBAL- 

TICA 2006 St. Petersburg 21.-23. Juni 2006, veröffentlicht 

in den Tagungsunterlagen, St. Petersburg 2006. 

Kranert, M. (2006): Ways towards sustainable waste 

management systems. 2nd International Waste Management 

and Recycling Fair and Conference, Recycling-Istanbul-Konferenz, 

22. - 25. Juni 2006, veröffentlicht 

in den Tagungsunterlagen, Istanbul 2006 


(2006): Zukunft der getrennten Erfassung von Abfällen. 

67. Landesgruppen- und Fachtagung des VKS im 

VKU, 20.-21.07.06 Heidelberg, veröffentlicht im Tagungsband, 

V9 S. 1-S.19, Heidelberg 2006 

Kranert, M., Kusch, S., Oechsner, H., Jungbluth, T. 

65


(2006): Aufkonzentrierung des Prozesswassers bei der 

Feststoffvergärung in Boxenfermentern. Korrespondenz 

Abwasser, Heft 8, S. 804-811, 2006. 

Kranert, M., BERKNER (2006): Compost from Sewage 

- Status and results of quality assurance in Germany 

ORBIT 2006, International Conference, Weimar 

12.-15. September 2006, veröffentlicht in: Kraft et.al 

(Hrsg.): Proceedings ORBIT 2006, Verlag ORBIT e.V, 

S. 571-578., Weimar 2006 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Esacalante, N. (2006): Role 

and evalation of biological waste treatment in the frame 

of new waste management strategies ORBIT 2006, 

International Conference, Proceedings, ORBIT-Verlag, 

Weimar (2006), Seite 2047-1056 (reviewed article) 


(2006): Neue konzeptionelle Ansätze zur Hausabfallentsorgung. 

Wasser und Abfall 10-2006, S. 20 – 25; 

2006. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Schultheis, A., Steinbach, D., 

Krampe, J., Antakyali, D., (2006): Projekt Modulaare 

- integrierte Module zur hocheffizienten Abwasserreinigung, 

Abfallbehandlung und regenerativen Energiegewinnung 

in Tourismusressorts. Vortrag auf: 1. 

Aachener Kongress Dezentrale Infrastruktur 17. - 18. 

Oktober 2006, Aachen veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen, 

2006. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Esacalante, N. (2006): Abfallentsorgung 

mit geringen Lasten für Haushalte. Regionales 

Abfallforum des EVS, Otzenhausen (November 

2006) veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen, Saarbrücken 

2006. 


(2006): Neue strategische Ansätze zur Hausabfallentsorgung 

- Situation und Bewertung - Depotech 

2006, Montanuniversität Leoben (A), 22.-24. November 

2006, In: Lorber et al. (Hrsg.) Abfall und Deponietechnik, 

Abfallwirtschaft, Altlasten, VGE-Verlag Essen 

S. 137 – 144, 2006. 

Kranert, M., Steinbach, D., Schultheis, A., Krampe, J., 

Antakyali, D., Hafner, G. (2006): Integrierte Module 

zur hocheffizienten Abwasserreinigung, Abfallbehandlung 

und regenerativen Energiegewinnung in Tourismusressorts. 

Vortrag auf der Türkisch-deutschen Abfalltagung 

2006 - Biologische Abfallbehandlung, Izmir 

(TR), 14. - 16. Dezember 2006, veröffentlicht im Tagungsband, 

Hrsg.: Erdin et al. Dokuz Eylül Universitesi, 

Izmir, S. 147-162, 2006. 

66 

Kranert, M., Gottschall, R. et al. (2007): Vergleich 

der energetischen Verwertung und Kompostierung 

mit stofflicher Verwertung von Grünabfällen unter 

den Aspekten des Primärressouceneinsatzes und der 

CO -Bilanz.- In: Flamme et al (Hrsg.): Münsteraner 

2 

Schriften zur Abfallwirtschaft, 10. Münsteraner Abfallwirtschaftstage 

, 5.-7. Februar 2007, Münster, S. 162 

– 168, 2007. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Gottschall, R., Bruns, C. 

(2007): Greenwaste treatment options; impacts on 

soil and climate change. International conference sustainable 

use of biomass, Dublin (Ireland), 19.-21. 

February 2007, veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen 

ECN Weimar 2007. 

Kranert, M. (2007): Composting-status, trend and 

marketing. FICCI Environment Conclave 2007, 20.- 

21. Februar/New Delhi, India. Veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen, 

12 Seiten, New Delhi: 2007 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Steinbach, D., Schultheis, A., 

Krampe, J., Antakyali, D. (2007): Modulaare - Integrated 

modules for high efficient wastewater purification, 

waste treatment and regenorative energy recovery in 

tourism ressorts. GeTUnivation German-Turkish University 

Conference der HRK Yök BMBF, Braunschweig 

26.-28.02.2007. Veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen. 

Braunschweig 2007. 

Kranert, M., Clauß, D. (2007): Entwicklung der Gewerbeabfallströme 

und Kapazitäten 40. Essener Tagung 

für Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, 14.-16. März 2007 

in Aachen, In: Pinnekamp (Hrsg.): Gewässerschutz, 

Wasser, Abwasser Band 207, S. 50/1 - 50/6, Aachen 

2007. 

Kranert, M., Berkner, I., Erdin, E. (2007): Compost 

from sewage sludge - a product with quality assurance 

system. IWA-Conference Facing Sludge Diversities 

28.-30. March 2007. Antalya. In: Filibeli et al. Facing 

Sludge diversities. Proceedings Antalya (Turkey) S. 

681-688, 2007. 


(2007): Comparison of the energy recovery and usage 

of compost from green waste under aspects of primary 

ressources, 2nd BOKU Waste Conference, Vienna 16.- 

19. April 2007. Veröffentlicht im Tagungsband Wien 

2007. 

Kranert, M. (2007): Ziele 2020 - Abfallwirtschaft im 

Umbruch. Deutsch-Französisches Statusseminar EU- 

Life-Projekt OPTIGEDE. 29.06.2007 in Böblingen, 

veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen (12 Seiten), 

2007

Kranert, M., Fischer, K. (2007): Export von Know-how 

im Bereich Umwelttechnik nach Lateinamerika, Asien 

und Afrika. In: Stuttgart Wissenschaften - Lösungen 

für die „Eine Welt“ Tagung am 03.07.2007, Stuttgart- 

Hohenheim, veröffentlicht im Tagungsband, 2007. 

Kranert, M. (2007): Assessment of new strategic 

approaches for the treatment of household waste. 

Deutsch-Brasilianisches Symposium „Nachhaltige Entwicklung“, 

Freiburg 22.-27.07.2007. In: Hildebrand et 

al, Tagungsband - Book of Abstracts, Brasilien-Zentrum 

Tübingen, S. 66, 2007. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G. (2007): Möglichkeiten der Ausschleusung 

von Ersatzbrennstoffen aus Restabfällen. 

Berliner Abfallwirtschafts- und Energiekonferenz 24.- 

25.09.2007, Berlin. In: Thomé-Kozmiensky (Hrsg.): 

Energie aus Abfall, TK-Verlag, Berlin S. 115-123, 

2007. 


(2007): Comparison of the energy recovery and usage 

of compost from green waste: What is the effect on 

primary resources? Sardinia 2007, 11. International 

Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, 

1.-5.10.2007. In: Cossu et al (Hrsg.), Proceedings 

and executive summaries, CISA, S. 55 und 10 S. 

(CD),2007. 

Kranert, M. (2007): Bewertung neuer Konzepte zur 

Hausabfallentsorgung. In: Bilitweski et al (Hrsg.): 

Müll-Handbuch, KZ 510, E. Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 

10/2007, S. 1-20 

Kranert, M. (2007): Strategische Ansätze zur Abfallwirtschaft 

in Deutschland. Deutsch-Französisches Kolloquium, 

OPTIGEDE, 25.-26.10.2007, Compiegne (F). 

Veröffentlicht im Tagungsband, 10 Seiten, 2007. 

Kranert, M. (2007): Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten im Modulaare-Konzept. 

Modulaare Workshop 30.-31.10.2007 

in Sarigerme Park (TR), veröffentlicht in den Tagungsunterlagen 

(15 S.), 2007. 

Kranert, M., Clauß, D. (2007): Collection and Recycling 

of packaging from households - separate or mixed with 

other waste? 5th International Packaging Congress, 

Izmir (TR), 22.-24.11.2007. In: Chamber of Chemical 

Engineers Ege Branch, Izmir (TR), Proceedings S. 936- 

944, 2007. 

Kranert, M., Hafner, G. (2007): Beurteilung neuer strategischer 

Ansätze zur Hausabfallentsorgung unter den 

Aspekten der Ressourceneffizienz und Klimarelevanz. 

68. Informationsgespräche des ANS, 5.-6.12.2007, 

Bonn In: Fricke, Bergs et al (Hrsg.): Kosten- und Res- 


sourceneffizienz in der Abfallwirtschaft ORBIT e.V., 

Weimar, S. 65-74, 2007. 

Pokryvalio, A., Wald, S., Veldhuizen, E.M.van, Reiser, 

M., et. al. (2006): High-Power Pulsed Corona for 

Treatment of Pollutants in Heterogeneous Media. IEEE 

Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 34, No.5, 1731, 

New York 2006. 

Reiser, M. (2006): Einsatz von Niedertemperaturplasma-Verfahren 

zur Abluftreinigung, Vortrag bei „Fachgespräche 

Gerüche erfassen – bewerten – vermeiden“, 

HLUG, 10.10.2006, Wiesbaden. (http://www.hlug.de/ 

medien/abfall/bioabfall/fachgespraeche.htm) 

Reiser, M., Zarra, T. (2007) Geruchsmessung mit allen 

Mitteln – wie aufwendig muss die Analytik von Geruchsemissionen 

sein? VDI-Berichte Nr. 1995, VDI-Verlag, 

Düsseldorf, S.277 – 280, 2007. 

Reiser, M. (2007): TDLAS zur Bestimmung von Methan-Emissionen 

bei Mülldeponien. Vortrag im umwelttechnischen 

Seminar am PCI, Universität Heidelberg, 

2.02.2007. 

Reiser, M.; Homans, W.J. (2007): Die Problematik von 

Geruchsmessungen in der Luftreinhaltung. In: Baumbach, 

G. et. al. (Hrsg.), ALS-Kolloqium (Arbeitsgruppe 

Luftreinhaltung der Universität Stuttgart), Oktober 

2007, S. 63 – 72, 2007. 

Thomanetz, E.:„Entsorgung von Sonderabfällen nach 

dem Stand der Technik“. Vortrag und Veröffentlichung 

auf dem 30. Deutsch-Türkischen Abfallseminar, Konak 

Izmir, Türkei 25.-27. Mai 2005 

Thomanetz, E.:„Modern Aspects of Hazardous Waste 

Management in Europe“ Vortrag und Veröffentlichung 

auf der Recycling Istanbul 2005. 01.07.2005 

Thomanetz, E.:„Mechanismen der Selbsterhitzung und 

Selbstentzündung organischer Materialien“ Vortrag 

und Veröffentlichung auf der Tagung: Ersatzbrennstoffe 

- Herstellung und Verwertung. 22./23.Nov.2005, TK 

Verlag Berlin. 

Thomanetz, E.:„Underground Storage of Hazardous 

Waste – a Sustainable Pathway on Waste Management“. 

Vortrag und Veröffentlichung auf dem DAAD- 

Symposium: Landfill Technique – Presence and Future, 

Universität von Sarajewo. 22.-23. Mai 2006. Sammelband 

der Manuskripte 

Thomanetz, E.:„Principles and Guidelines of Solid Waste 

Management in Germany“. Vortrag und Veröffentlichung 

auf dem DAAD-Symposium: Landfill Technique 

67


– Presence and Future, Universität von Sarajewo. 22.- 

23. Mai 2006 

Thomanetz, E.:„Salt Preservation of High-TOC-Waste 

for Underground Storage“. Im Tagungsband zur 8. 

Depotech Konferenz, Montanuniversität Leoben/Österreich, 

22.-24. Nov. 2006. VGE-Verlag GmbH Essen 

(2006) 

Thomanetz, E., Rapf, M. and Karapanagiotis, L.: „TOCbio 

as a new parameter in the decision making process 

in waste management“. Vortrag und Veröffentlichung 

auf dem 31. Deutsch-Türkischen Abfallseminar, Izmir, 

Türkei 14.-15. Dezember 2006. Sammelband der Manuskripte 

Thomanetz, E.:„Problems on Sampling for Solid Waste 

Analysis and Solutions“. Vortrag und Veröffentlichung 

auf dem 31. Deutsch-Türkischen Abfallseminar, Izmir, 

Türkei 14.-15. Dezember 2006. Sammelband der Manuskripte 

Thomanetz, E.:„Modern Hazardous Waste Management 

for Columbia“, Presentation and Publication, 

Special Lecture in the Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 

22.November 2007 

Steinbach, D., Schultheis, A., Kranert, M., Krampe, J., 

Antakyali, D., Hafner, G. (2006): Modulaare - an innovative 

technology for waste and wastewater treatment 

in decentralized operations as a part of sustainable 

development in resort hotels and tourism centres OR- 

BIT 2006, International Conference, Weimar 12.-15. 

September 2006, veröffentlicht in: Kraft et.al (Hrsg.): 

Proceedings ORBIT 2006, Verlag ORBIT e.V., S. 721- 

728, Weimar 2006. 

Terrel-Gutierrez, M., Kranert, M., Reiser, M. (2006): 

Methane Emissions Monitoring in the Environment 

using a Portable TDLAS. In: Anwendungen und Trends 

in der Optischen Analysenmesstechnik, 5. Konferenz 

über Optische Analysenmesstechnik, 26. – 27.09.2006, 

Mannheim, VDI-Berichte 1959, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 

2006. 

Zarra, T., Naddeo, V., Belgiorno, V., Reiser, M., Kranert, 

M. (2007) Odour monitoring of small wastewater 

treatment plant located in sensitive environment, 

angenommen für 8th IWA Conference on Small Water 

and Wastewater Systems and 2nd specialized Conference 

on Decentralized Water and Wastewater International 

Network in Coimbatore, India, from February 

6th - 9th 2008. 

68


Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65500 oder 65495 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: kranert@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Gudrun Heinl 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65495 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: gudrun.heinl@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Solid Waste 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65427 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: klaus.fischer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 



Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63709 

Fax:++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: erwin.thomanetz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Measuring in Air Pollution Control 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65416 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: martin.reiser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Karl-Heinrich Engesser 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63734 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63785 

E-Mail: karl-h.engesser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

69



In our job, we’re on top of the pile 

Waste is a potentially valuable material in the wrong place. This statement is the central principle of many activities 

of our municipal solid waste section. Focal points are avoidance, utilisation and environmentally friendly 

treatment of municipal and commercial waste. 

Both ecological and economical aspects are dealt with. It has been shown, e.g., that avoidance of waste in 

commercial operations can be financially interesting for the companies concerned. We are intensively busy with 

the question of how waste management of the future may look. Some questions here are: which waste types 

should continue to be collected separately? Which mixtures of substances can be separated using new technical 

methods? Can part of the waste be economically transported by rail? Several research projects are occupied 

with the treatment of biological waste, among others with the questions: do pollutants exist in organic wastes? 

Are these pollutants reduced during composting? What energy potential is concealed in organic waste, if they 

are used in fermentation plants to generate biogas or employed in biomass power stations? For the creation of 

waste management concepts for communities or counties, the simulation and modelling of waste streams and 

utilisation techniques play a major role. Because even humans can become a waste problem from an ecological 

point of view, we have carried out investigations on the ecological effects of burials and cremations. For a number 

of communities, our investigations on decentral concepts for waste treatment in tourist regions are of particular 

interest. These island solutions allow processes for waste and sewage treatment to be combined with the generation 

of service water and power. Decentral and adapted technology is of prime importance for the sustainable 

development of third-world and fast-developing countries. This is why we have established cooperation and joint 

projects with institutions in Brazil, Costa Rica, Egypt, Turkey, China and other countries. 

70 


• Waste avoidance 

• Development of new waste management 

strategies 

• Simulation of solid waste management 

systems 

• Collection and transport of solid 

waste 

• Recycling of valuable materials 

• Biological treatment: composting 

and fermentation 

• New measurement methods for 

the analysis of odour, dust and 

germs 

• Environmental impact assessment 

of earth burial and cremation 

• Decentralized waste management 

systems in tourist regions 

• Physical and chemical analysis of 

solid waste

Projects 

Waste disposal with smaller loads 

The objective of the large-scale study was the development 

of concepts for long-term optimisation and 

reformation of present domestic waste disposal. In 

this connection existing environmental standards were 

to be maintained on the one hand and waste management 

was to be simplified especially for households 

on the other hand. The achievements are based on 

data concerning the waste management systems in 

ten selected counties in Baden-Württemberg. The particular 

actual state as well as typical waste management 

concepts, which usually exist in the regions of 

Baden-Württemberg, were implied as different versions 

in the examination. Further versions, which were 

inspected, include the alternative collection systems 

which are presently discussed in professional circles, 

for example the Yellow-in-Grey-Concepts (German: 

Gelb-in-Grau–Konzepte GiG) as well as the dry bin for 

recyclable materials. They are to be considered seeing 

that today there are technical systems for the separation 

of materials available on the market which 

could partly dispense with the separate collection of 

materials. Furthermore observations were made to 

find out to what extent complete material recycling 

is to be aspired or whether energy recovery, e.g. of 

parts of light packaging, might make sense in economical 

as well as in ecological respect. In this context 

versions were investigated which partly aim at energy 

recovery of light packaging. As an example the use 

District Type C 

Costs per inhabitant [€/a] 

Solid Waste Management SIA 

of energy recovery as derived fuel in cement works 

was inspected. Against the background of the waste 

management aim for 2020 formulated by the Federal 

Environment Ministry in 1999, waste is no longer to be 

deposited aboveground and so, by this time, all municipal 

waste in Germany is to be utilised completely 

and sustainably. The intensified quantitative and qualitative 

avoidance of the amount and the harmfulness of 

the waste that is to be treated is a significant measure 

for the achievement of these aims and is especially to 

be guaranteed by the area of production. In this context 

the instrument of responsibility for products is to 

be developed further whereby the closing of cycles of 

matter and the introduction of new recycling technologies 

can also be forwarded. To achieve this objective 

waste recycling has be extended even more. Especially 

reutilisation and material recycling of the substances 

mentioned above is to be given the preference. However 

the enlargement of energy recovery of non-recyclable 

products is not be enforced. This also involves 

the advancement of treatment methods in order to 

attain preferably completely and high-grade recycled 

waste or substances. In future, waste management 

measures in Germany will increasingly be coupled with 

economical criteria, yet maintaining a high standard 

in environmental compatibility. Seen from a higher level, 

future waste management will be dominated by 

two significant trends. One can reckon that resources 

(materials and energy) will increasingly run short due 

to the economic revival of developing countries, e.g. 

71


in Asia. Therefore waste management will become 

essentially important in the future as a measure for 

the preservation of resources. Another major aspect is 

climate change. Waste management can make a contribution 

here as well by avoiding gases relevant to the 

climate during processes of treatment and disposal of 

waste and by simultaneously using the energy within 

the waste including regenerative shares. In the long 

run waste management measures will be evaluated in 

how far they can cover these two aims. 

72 

Results of LCA related to MSW 

Value per inhabitant per tonne MSW 


Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg 

Fachtechnische Begleitung: Landesanstalt für Umwelt, 

Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg 

(LUBW) 


Lkr. Böblingen, Enzkreis, Hohenlohekreis, Lkr. Lörrach, 

Lkr. Ludwigsburg, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, 

Ortenaukreis, Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, 

Sigmaringen, Zollernalbkreis 

Duration: 

2004-2006 

Contact: 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert 


Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner

FORWAST: Project full title: Overall mapping of 

physical flows and stocks of resources to forecast 

waste quantities in Europe and identify lifecycle 

environmental stakes of waste prevention 

and recycling. 

Project summary: 

The FORWAST project intends to provide: 

• an inventory of the historically cumulated physical 

stock of materials in EU-27 (EU-25 plus Romania 

and Bulgaria), and to forecast the expected 

amounts of waste generated, per resource category, 

in the next 25 years. 

• an assessment of the life-cycle wide environmental 

impacts from different scenarios of waste prevention, 

recycling and waste treatment in the EU- 

27. 

The work programme is designed to favour the synergy 

between these objectives, by applying a generic 

model for material flows, stocks and emissions. 

The proposed model is an environmentally extended, 

physical, quasi-dynamic input-output model. This model 

combined with a robust method of Material Flow 

Analysis will guide the mining of new data, which is 

the main focus of the project. It will take place as a 

combination of “in-depth” studies in selected countries 

where high-quality statistics are available, and an EUwide 

effort consolidating and calibrating different statistical 

and technical data sources. 

The model will be applied to historical time series of 

resource inflows into the economy, and calibrated to 

known quantities of waste generation, the core question 

being to estimate coefficients for stocks life time 

for the different materials (sand/gravel, wood, metals, 

paper, etc.) and interpret dynamically the causes of 

the variation of stocks (accumulation versus waste generation 

or dispersive losses). 

The policy relevance of the project will be strengthened 

by the definition of 25 years horizon scenarios of 

waste generation combined with technological options 

for waste prevention and recycling. The waste with the 

higher stakes to reduce environmental pressures will 

be assessed trough simulations. 

It is expected that the FORWAST project will bring a 

new insight into Life Cycle Thinking, and above all, 

more confidence in the use of environmental indicators 

in natural resources and waste management policies. 

Project objective(s): 


The FORWAST project intends to provide comprehensive 

and validated data on the material flows, stocks 

and environmental pressures coming from the different 

sectors of the life cycle of resources to waste. 

In the wider context of sustainable development and 

environment protection, the connections between the 

use of natural resources, their accumulation in economy 

and waste generation and management need to be 

more clearly understood. Waste management policies 

may affect potentially all sectors. Their influence on 

the use of natural resources must also account for the 

potential recovery of these resources from stocks, the 

technical and economical constraints of recycling, the 

side effects on the by-products associated with natural 

resources, and at the end, the global balance of the 

environmental costs and benefits. 

The current uncertainties on the environmental stakes 

of waste policies are pre-dominantly due to a lack of 

real physical data on the quantities and qualities of 

flows of resources, either natural or coming from waste 

recovery. Particularly important for the latter is to 

account for the actual stocks of these resources that 

will end-up in the waste flows in the future. 

The objectives of the proposed FORWAST project are 

therefore to: 

• Provide an inventory of the historically cumulated 

physical stock of materials in EU-27 (EU-25 plus 

Romania and Bulgaria), and to forecast the expected 

amounts of waste generated, per resource 

category, in the next 25 years. 

• Provide an assessment of the life-cycle wide environmental 

impacts from different scenarios of 

waste prevention, recycling and waste treatment 

in the EU-27. 

With this STREP proposal, sound experiences on resources 

and waste management are combined in order 

to give direct decision and policy support. The partnership 

experience is mainly characterised by: 

• European and National experience in policy support; 

• The access to data from various countries (particularly 

East and South); 

• Availability of a successfully applied assessment 

tool (NAMEA, MFA), along with more insight in 

processes for various waste streams (AWAST simulator); 

73


• An extensive network in resources and waste ma- 

74 

nagement. 

The project aims at accounting for all sectors in the 

economy (the figure below shows a possible conceptual 

organisation of the system) the flows, stocks and 

linked environmental pressures to increase the reliability 

of source data used in “Life Cycle Approaches” to 

waste management issues. 

Waste policies influence the „primary production“ due 

to recycling and prevention, the „manufacturing and 

consumption“ stages due to recycling, reuse and prevention 

and the „waste management“ sector. The input/output 

(I/O) balance of each stage is (dynamically) 

linked to the others. 

As an example, the following figure shows the situation 

of sand and gravels in Austria. The net balance 

between the consumption and the stock (104-10 Tg/ 

year) represent the net balance of the primary sector 

(105-9 Tg/year), which means that the evolution of 

this stock (age) is of primary importance for a policy 

aiming at resources saving. 

The difficulties of establishing that type of figure for 

resources saving in Europe are at two levels: 

Conceptual system description 

• Data quality: considering the disparity of I/O country 

data quality in the EU, it is anticipated to set 

out a global mapping of materials cycles in three 

steps: 1) elaboration of a global model for matter 

balance applicable in all countries, 2) calculation 

of the so-called “transfer coefficients” with “reliable 

and complete” country data (four countries), 

and 3) extension to EU-27 macro-economic data. 

• Completeness: considering the variety of resources, 

and eventually associated secondary resources 

(as in ores), and their mixed occurrence in the 

products, it will be necessary to combine the “materials 

flows and stocks setting” approach with a 

more global Input/output modelling for individual 

countries and for EU. 

Further, the objective is to forecast the waste generation 

in the next 25 years. The need is to establish 

a relation between stocks quantities and qualities and 

waste generation, the core question being to estimate 

stocks life time for the different materials (sand/gravel, 

wood, metals, paper, etc.), products and waste 

types, and interpret dynamically the causes of the variation 

of stocks (accumulation versus waste generation 

or dispersive losses). 

As a result, the following support can be given directly 

to policy and decision makers:

• Estimation of the material stock of the EU-27. 

• Overall mapping of environmental pressures of 

waste, enabling an understanding of the environmental 

issues of waste; 

• As a result of scenarios simulations, links between 

the stocks and waste generation in terms of 

quantities and quality/composition in the next 25 

years. 

• The identification of the costs and benefits associated 

with: 

• Prevention of the wastes has the highest potential 

to reduce the environmental pressures on 

the use of resources; 

• Recovery or recycling of the waste has the 

highest potential to reduce the environmental 

pressures on the use of resources; and 

• Treatment of the wastes is the most polluting. 

Additionally, the “leaks” of materials in the system 

above mentioned as “uncontrolled waste disposal” 

point out the difficulties in making reliable balances 

on materials life-cycle. These quantified data anyhow 

allow the drawing of tracks of interpretation. These will 

be explored providing the knowledge gaps to be filled 

for assessing the environmental impacts over the enti- 

Materials balance for sand and Gravel in Austria 2001 


re life cycle including dispersive losses of the physical 

stocks to the environment (e.g. corrosion and weathering) 

and losses of materials as a result of materials 

management (e.g. transport and processing), including 

energy use of recycling. 


EU DG Research 


• Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 

Orléans 

• 2.-0 LCA consultants ApS, Copenhagen 

• Resource Management Agency, Vienna 

• University of Technology - Institute for Water 

Quality and Waste Management, Vienna 

• University of Stuttgart – Institute of Sanitary, 

Water Quality and Solid Waste Management 

• Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 

• Central Mining Institute, Katowice 

Duration: 

2007 - 2009 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner 

Internet: 

http://forwast.brgm.fr/ 

75


Comparison of the energy recovery and usage of 

compost from green waste: What is the impact 

on primary resources? 

Introduction: 

According to §2 and §3 of the Biomass Regulation 

(2001), the use of green waste (from yards and parks) 

for power generation is allowed. The generated electricity 

is subject to the regulations of EEG (regulation 

for renewable energy), which means a monetary support 

of 4 – 7 € Cent/kWh. 

The aim of the governmental promotion is to substitute 

primary resources by using renewable primary 

products - particularly to generate a positive effect on 

the greenhouse gas situation with regard to power generation. 

Unlike energy recovery, material recovery of green 

waste is currently not supported in Germany. 

Humic material in compost, though, assures a partial 

storage of carbon, achievable even more efficiently 

when compost substitutes turf (garden earths and 

substrate). Turf is in fact a primary resource connected 

to greenhouse gas emissions through the excavation 

from moors (moors are sinks of carbon dioxide). 

More arguments for the employ of turf substitutes result 

from economic considerations and partially from 

business management considerations in earth industries 

as well. In this context we have to consider the 

annual need of turf: ca. 10 Mio m³ p.a., generating an 

actual annual import up to ca. 3 Mio. m³ p. a. (2003). 

The German turf reserves will last another 20 years. 

Currently ca. 300.000 m³ compost from green waste 

are used as turf substitutes. The medium term potential 

capacity is ca. 1,2-1,8 Mio. m³ p.a., the long term 

potential capacity is ca. 2,5-3 Mio. m³ p.a. 

Although there is a want for data regarding energy recovery, 

it is estimated that ca. 0,5-2 Mio. t/a of green 

waste are treated to recover energy. 

Evaluations of the two competing alternatives (energy 

or material use of green waste) are not possible due 

to the lack of basic data. Although existing studies and 

reports do not give a clear preference to one of the 

two alternatives, no governmental support of material 

usage is available, whereas the energy use of green 

waste is promoted (ca. 85-160 €/t green waste). 

This current practice needs revision, especially considering 

the relevance of these benefits. 

76 

Objectives of the research project: 

Objectives of the Investigation Project: 

a) Verifying relative preferences of the two mentioned 

recovery scenarios for green waste, esp. 

regarding primary resources and CO -balances Bi- 

2 

lanz and to develop 

b) Instructions / Recommendations for stake holders 

in waste management and legislation. 

Working Packages: 

a) Data mining and analyses concerning calorific values 

of green waste (different types of materials, 

different seasons, different types of output from 

plants). 

b) Data mining concerning power requirement of 

technical systems and substitution of primary ressources 

through both recovery scenarios (energy 

and material recovery). 

c) Calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, including 

secondary effects. 

d) Comparison of the results from c) with other woody 

energy sources (esp. old timber, wood chip 

etc.). 

e) Valuation of the investigated systems in c) and d), 

esp. in relation to primary resources and greenhouse 

gases. 

f) Estimation of potential masses/quantities and elaboration 

of recommendations for future waste management 

concerning recovery systems for green 

waste. 

Data mining for green waste: 

Samples of different types of green waste and secondary 

fuel are analyzed in the Laboratory of the 

University of Stuttgart to create a database with chemical-physical 

characterization (Calorific value, water 

content etc.), for different seasons and different types 

of plants. 

Balances: 

Process balances will be arranged for the following 

process units: 

Bio-/Green Waste, old timber, wood chips:

Recovery of green waste: relevant processes 

Garden waste composting: material flows 

Transport and 

storage (where 

required) 


77


Collection, Transport 1, Treatment 1, Composting, 

Treatment 2, Transport 2, Utilisation 

Peat: 

Coverage, excavation, supply, raw material transport, 

treatment including packaging, transport of products 

(wholesale), transport of products (consumer). 

Evaluation criteria and borders of balances: 

The evaluation criteria of the investigated processes 

are mass flows, energy- and CO -balances. The re- 

2 

spective borders of the balances result from the concept 

of „completed recovery“. 

The first Figure shows the main processes which have 

to be considered related to the recovery of green waste. 

A part of the material is more suitable for an energy 

recovery whereas another part should be used for 

composting. A third fraction of green waste is suitable 

for both recovery scenarios. 

First results: 

The following figures show examples of results from 

CO -calculations related to different scenarios of green 

2 

waste recovery. Two time frames are considered: 2 

years and 50 years. After 50 years the biomass used 

for the recovery is renewed (growing of plants). It is 

illustrated a positive balance for the energy recovery 

of raw green waste from spring. The energy recovery 

for conditioned green waste (screening) is much more 

efficient and has a similar dimension as the CO -balan- 

2 

ce for the substitution of german peat by substrates 

from green waste compost. 

Conclusion: 

Both scenarios for the recovery of green waste lead 

to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, although 

with varying efficiency. Significant savings result from 

energy recovery as well as from material recovery (similar 

dimension). Therefore a similar or even equal 

political treatment – e.g. basing on saved greenhouse 

gases - is reasonable. The investigation project will 

also deliver a database and the parameters to provide 

a basis for future political decisions. 

78 


Entsorgungsgemeinschaft der deutschen Entsorgungswirtschaft 

(EdDE e. V.), Köln 


Arbeitsgemeinschaft Universität Stuttgart (Institut 

für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- u. Abfallwirtschaft 

– ISWA); Humus & Erden Kontor GmbH 

Project direction : 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert (ISWA), 

Dipl.-Ing. R. Gottschall (Humus & Erden Kontor 

GmbH) 

Duration: 

12/2007 

Contact: 

Dr. Dipl.-Ing. agr. C. Bruns 

Dipl.-Ing. R. Gottschall 

Dipl.-Ing. G. Hafner 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert 

Dipl.-Ing. O. Schiere 

Dipl.-Forsting., Dipl.-Ing. C. Seibel

WasteNet – A new international network for research 

activities in the area of sustainable solid 

waste management 

WasteNet brings together 12 partners from 3 continents 

committed to action for conflict transformation 

through sharing of skills, knowledge, experiences and 

resources in the area of sustainable solid waste management. 

WasteNet members from universities and 

institutions participating in the programme are as follows. 

Latin America: Costa Rica, Bolivia, Columbia, Brazil, 

Chile 

Asia: China, Malaysia und Thailand 

Europe: Finland, Turkey und Germany. 

Aim of WasteNet? 

Developing countries have sometimes restricted access 

to information sources concerning solid and hazardous 

waste management which has led to a generalised 

lack of knowledge about the problem, resulting 

in nonexistent, inappropriate or incomplete technical, 

political and operational measures. On the other hand, 

Recyclable Waste Seperation in Bogota 


countries with advanced know-how about waste management 

and treatment technologies are unaware of 

the research and policy needs in developing countries, 

being unable to access these potential markets. 

Through the establishment of an international knowledge 

network for the advancement of sustainable and 

appropriate waste management both issues can be 

addressed. In this sense, WasteNet strengthens the 

international research in sustainable and appropriate 

waste management strategies and technologies. 

WasteNet can thereby act as a platform for communication 

with its highly qualified scientists from Latin 

America, Asia and Europe to intensify multilateral exchange 

of experiences and knowledge in the field of 

waste management. 

The first meeting of Latin America Partner took place 

in October 2007 in Bogota, Columbia. Despite some 

differences between individual partner countries, the 

evaluation of solid waste management in urban and 

rural areas has shown a surprisingly high compliance. 

One important insight gained through this meeting is: 

79


Whereas almost all big cities in each partner country 

can ensure a relatively good collection and treatment 

of waste, the situation in the rural areas is yet completely 

unsatisfying. In many cases only a minor part 

of the waste collected, the disposal happens in illegal 

dump sites, in rivers or anywhere in the landscape. 

Even that the situation in the partner countries is not 

entirely comparable, our estimations still show that 

more than 50% of waste appearance occurs in rural 

areas and therefore is treated inadequately. The environmental 

impact on soil, ground and surface water 

and on the atmosphere is without any doubts profound. 

A further critical point has been elaborated: Waste 

from hospitals and hazardous waste (industrial as 

well as household waste, e.g. batteries or fluorescent 

tubes). As one of the first Latin-American countries, 

Columbia compiles a cadastral register of hazardous 

waste. The next step will be the development of waste 

treatment and disposal facility plants. 

Results, examples and other useful information including 

dictionary for solid waste management in German, 

English, Spanish can be found in our website 

www.wastenet.de . 

Photo of Participants - WasteNet Meeting at Los Andes University in Bogota /Columbia 

80 


EU, DG International Cooperation INCO 


• Costa Rica; Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro 

de Montes de Oca, San Jose 

• Brazil; Centro Integrado de Tecnologia e Educação 

Profissional da Cidade Industrial de Curitiba 

• Bolivia; Catholic Bolivian University „San Pablo“, 

La Paz 

• Chile; Technical University Federico Santa María, 

Valparaiso 

• Colombia; Los Andes University, Bogota 

• Thailand; King Mongkut‘s Institute of Technology 

North Bangkok 

• Malaysia; University Sains Malaysia, Penang 

Duration: 

2007 - 2008 

Contact: 


M.Sc. Anghana Klongkarn 

M.Sc. Maria Espinoza

MODULAARE – Integrated modules for high efficient 

wastewater purification, waste treatment 

and regenerative energy recovery in tourism resorts 

Modules for wastewater purification with membranes 

and for fermentation of sewage sludge and organic 

wastes: an integrated concept for recovery of process 

water, production of hygiene fertiliser and regenerative 

energy and for waste minimisation 

Introduction: 

Background Information: 

Germany, as one of the large travel nations, has a special 

responsibility for a sustainable and environmentally 

aware tourism. Therefore, one of the main targets 

of this investigation project is to verify the operation 

of an innovative, decentralized and modular system 

for waste water purification, waste treatment and production 

of energy from biogas in a large Tourists Resort 

located in Turkey. This modular system combines 

a membrane system for the purification of wastewater 

with a fermentation/biogas system for the recovery of 

relevant quantities of organic wastes. 

The advantages of both treatment procedures 

strengthen themselves and remove disadvantages of 

the respective procedures, so that the two systems 

can be operated with a high efficiency regarding economic 

and environmental aspects. 

In the context of this research and demonstration 

project, a low loaded membrane facility has been installed 

in a representative Tourists Resort (approx. 

900 beds). Efficiency and possible applications for the 

purified wastewater are determined and examined. 

Remaining excess sludge is fed directly into the biogas 

facility where it is co-fermented with organic solid 

waste (waste from kitchen, restaurant and garden). 

The analysis program of the fermentation module covers 

both the technical adjustment to the input material 

and the optimisation and simplification of the 

handling. 

Substrates, processing, fermenter, residues and biogas 

are investigated regarding optimisation. Wastewater 

resulting from the fermentation process can be 

supplied to the membrane module. An additional important 

aspect is the option to realize an energy concept 

for the optimal use of the biogas and the combination 

with other regenerative sources of energy (e.g. 

solar, wind). 


This modular, decentralised system is especially suitable 

for the application in sensitive areas, e.g. tourism 

regions, corral reefs, islands, coasts, nature parks, 

etc.. The demonstration project MODULAARE should 

assess whether this modular concept can be operated 

economically and routinely. Therefore the tests in the 

practical use and the integration into the processes 

within the tourists resort are of special interest. 

Innovative Character: 

The innovative character of the MODULAARE concept 

can be outlined by the following key points: 

• Combination of waste recycling + wastewater 

treatment + energy concept 

• Modular units can be adapted to extensions of the 

hotel 

• Decentralised use is possible (bays, little villages 

without regular wastewater treatment and waste 

disposal) 

81


• Development of a sustainable, recycling manage- 

82 

ment resulting in an nearly waste- and wastewater-free 

tourists resort. 

• By modifying the solid content and switching on/ 

off individual membrane modules the membrane 

facility can be adapted very easily to seasonal 

fluctuations (guest numbers) 

• Advanced development to self-sufficient systems 

(e.g. by including other regenerative energy sources) 

• Membrane and sanitation stage (fermentation) 

enable short cycles (no germs, exciter, etc.) 

• Altogether, the membrane system will demand low 

attention during operation because the settling of 

the activated sludge plays a role no more 

• Difficulties with wastewater in fermentation facilities 

are solved by means of the membrane facility 

• Excess sludge problems are solved by fermentation 

system 

Advantages: 

MODULAARE promotes substantially the sustainable 

management of both the hotel system and the environment. 

The largest advantage which can be expected is 

the use of the benefits (high-efficient cleaning, recycling 

of waste, regenerative energy) of both systems. 

Simultaneous the problems determined by the system 

(power requirement of the membrane, excess sludge, 

fermentation wastewater) will be neutralised. Further 

advantages are: 

• Avoidance of pollution of high-sensitive ecological 

systems (e.g. corral reefs, mud flats, etc.) by insufficiently 

treated wastewater 

• Discharge to dumps which often indicate insufficient 

standards in tourism regions (methane production 

leachate, setting, hygiene aspects) will be 

minimised 

• Regenerative energy can be used to save fossil 

sources of energy 

• The modular system makes extensions simple and 

economically possible (construction, integration 

into existing modules etc.)

• Direct water utilisation as process water or for irrigation 

(substitution of drinking water and water 

for domestic use) 

• Depending upon the respective local situation, fermentation 

residues can be used directly in agriculture 

or be made applicable in hotel gardens by 

drainage and maturing to compost 

• Water retention capacity of soils and content of 

humic substances will be increased by application 

of compost 

• Preservation of resources (water, artificial fertiliser, 

etc.) 

• Production of valuable soil-conditioner; saving of 

artificial fertiliser (costs), compost contributes to 

improve humus generation and to increase CO fi- 2 

xation in the soils (Kyoto Protocol) 

• No problems with organically highly loaded fermentation 

residues 

• Enrichment of ground-water by spray irrigation of 

green belts and infiltration of the purified waste 

• Reduction of environmental pollution as chlorinated 

water will not be utilised any more 

• Cost saving within the area of water supply and 

wastewater disposal 

Description of the demonstration plant: 

The demonstration plant, located in Iberotel Sarigerme 

Park (Sarigerme, Turkey), consists of the waste 

water treatment module (container on the right) and 

the biogas module. This article describes the anaerobic 

digestion module. 

In this module, organic waste and sludge from the 

membrane wastewater purification are digested under 

anaerobic conditions, while producing biogas and anaerobic 

digestion residues. The digestate can be used 

as an organic fertilizer if tested suitable. 


The biogas module comprises the following technical 

components: 

• Delivery storage tank 

• Digester 

• Gas storage 

• Gas flare 

• Storage tank for the fermentation output 

• Digester input 

• Digester Output 

• Fermentation residues 

Results and conclusions: 

The demonstration plant, located at a large tourism 

resort in Turkey shows the feasibility of the MODU- 

LAARE-concept under technical and economical aspects. 

Results from scientific analyses and measurements 

show a high efficiency of both components - the 

waste water treatment module and the biogas module. 

The two components complement each other. Excess 

sludge from waste water treatment is utilized within 

the fermentation process. Biogas of high quality substitutes 

primary energy resources. The digestate can be 

used (and sold) as fertilizer or – if more suitable – can 

be treated within the wastewater treatment module. 


Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 

BMBF 


• AT-Verband (Verband zur Förderung angepasster, 

sozial- und umweltverträglicher Technologien 

e.V.) 

• Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, 

Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft, Abteilung 

Abwassertechnik 

• Memos Membranes Modules Systems GmbH 

• Bio-Sytem Selecta GmbH 

• Iberotel Sarigerme Park, TUI AG - Umweltmanagement 

Duration: 

10/2003 - 01/2007 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Geogr. Dieter Steinbach 

Dipl.-Geogr. Andrea Schultheis 



83



Environmental impacts of sugar cane cultivation 

and sugar production, example Brazil 

Solange Da Castro Menezes (WASTE) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer 

Prof. Dr. E. Thomanetz 

Solid waste management in Bhutan 

Ngawang Gyaltshen (Infrastructure Planning) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. G. Kaule 

Recyclingverfahren für Farbstoffsolarzellen 

Jingjing Huang (UMW) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. M. Kranert 

Konzepte zur Senkung von CO2-Emissionen in 

Entwicklungsländern, Bereich Abfallwirtschaft 

Diana Heitzmann (Geographie) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. W.D. Blümel 

Stoffstromanalyse ausgewählten Abfallrelevanten 

Rohstoff für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 

Nataliya Kurz (UMW) (2007) 



Management system and feasibility study for an 

integrated treatment of organic wastes and wastewater 

in a Tourism Centre 

Tatiana Medon (WASTE) (2007) 



Experimental investigation of soot permeability 

in catalyzed Diesel particulate filter 

Kavitha Pathmanathan (WASTE) (2007) 


Dr. D. Schmidt 

Vergleich der Umweltrechtlichen Anforderungen 

an Betriebe der Automobilherstellung in USA, 

Brasilien, Südafrika und Deutschland 

Kristy Pena Munoz (WASTE) (2007) 



84 

Verfahrensentwicklung zur Aufarbeitung von 

Gärresten 

Lorena Piles Tortajada (Environment protection and 

food production) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. M. Kranert, Prof. Dr. J. Jungbluth 

Carbon Emission Reduction Certificates recovery 

from Leachate Treatment 

Daniela Prado (WASTE) (2007) 


Dr. W.R. Müller 

Integrated Solid Waste Management: A sustainable 

to reduce load on landfill site in Pokhara 

city, Nepal 

Purna Prasad Bhandari (Infrastructure Planning) 

(2007) 



Prof. Dr. G. Kaule 

Packaging from Hospitals – collection and recycling 

Samuel Sasu (WASTE) (2007) 



Qualitative and quantitive Vermeidung, Pfand- 

systeme in EU and China 

Wei Wei Wang (UMW) (2007) 



Recycling von PET, Textilherstellung 

Yuming Wang (UMW) (2007) 


Co-Vergärung am Beispiel einer Hotelanlage 

Dieter Werkle (Bauing.) (2007) 



Hospital Waste and Landfill management in India 

Shamaila Zia Zia (Infrastructure Planning) (2007) 


Prof. Dr. G. Kaule

Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65427 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-67634 

E-Mail: klaus.fischer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Gudrun Heinl 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65495 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 



Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65502 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: detlef.clauss@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

MSc. Maria Alejandra Espinoza 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65477 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: maria.espinoza@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-67636 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: gerold.hafner@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

MSc. Angkhana Klongkarn 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65477 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: angkhana.klongkarn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Oliver Schiere 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65506 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: oliver.schiere@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Biol. Andreas Sihler 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65498 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: andreas.sihler@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

CTA Catharina Le Huray-Horel 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65436 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-67634 

E-Mail: r.catharina.horel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

CTA Jürgen Wolf 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65503 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-67634 

E-Mail: juergen.wolf@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Doctoral Candidates 

Dipl.-Ing. Carla Cimatoribus 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-62567 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: carla.cimatoribus@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

MSc. Sebnem Bastan Yilman 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-62567 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: sebnem.bastan-yilman@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

MSc. Nicolas Escalante 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-62567 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: nicolas.escalante@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

85



Nothing is too dangerous for us 

Special procedures for the treatment of hazardous industrial waste as well as investigation and remediation 

methods for contaminated sites form the focal point of the teaching and research activities within our work area 

“Hazardous waste and contaminated sites”. We are also widely experienced in sampling and analysis of solid, 

liquid and paste-like waste. 

Our research covers the following subjects, e. g.: • Backfilling of mines (stowing): we have developed and introduced 

methods to industrial routine to quantify the generation of hydrogen in industrial waste and thus to enable 

avoidance of the hazards presented by hydrogen in the subsurface. Of particular importance for underground 

waste sites are the methods developed for a new waste parameter: TOCbio – that is the microbially reducible 

TOC. This parameter has already found its way into the new edition of the Ordinance on Underground Waste Stowage. 

• Intermediate storage of special spontaneous-ignition industrial waste: here, procedures were developed 

that help to understand the spontaneous combustion mechanism and thus to avoid this hazard. • Development 

of practical UV wet oxidation reactors for industrial sewage or hazardous liquid waste: not only are UV treatment 

reactors in disposal scale available for this purpose (the largest has a capacity of 1 cubic metre and 40 kilowatts), 

but also laboratory reactors of 10 litres capacity for initial investigations. Further activities in brief: The development 

of “chemical noses” for rapid investigation of waste spoil tips and contaminated sites by means of CPT technology; 

development of methods for returning reverse osmosis leachate concentrate to the body of the landfill; 

testing of suitable indicator parameters for determination of the influence of a landfill on its surroundings (tritium, 

boron and others); development of bespoke industrial solutions with regard to waste and wastewater. 

86 


• UV wet oxidation of liquid hazardous 

waste and industrial 

wastewater 

• Development of microsensors for 

rapid investigation of contaminated 

sites using the cone penetration 

test 

• Development of adequate waste 

sampling methods 

• Development of adequate (large 

scale) waste analysis methods 

• Pyrolysis of hazardous waste 

• Fire inquest investigations of hazardous 

waste for rock filling and 

underground storage 

• Long term waste investigations 

within large lysimeter units 

• Determination of the spontaneous 

combustion properties of hazardous 

waste

Projects 

“Elimination of hardly degradable Substances 

from Effluents with a Biologically Regenerating 

Adsorptive Rotary Disc Reactor” 

In receiving water courses of biological purifying plants 

damage on aquatic organisms due to traces of hard to 

degrade organic industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical 

products can be observed. The Baden-Württemberg 

Ministry of Environment considered the removal 

of these substances currently one of the vital topics in 

environmental research. 

The project firstly, by means of experiments with an 

appropriate laboratory scale setup, aims at proving 

that microorganisms settling on activated carbon can 

degrade the endocrine substances primarily adsorbed 

hereon. Based on the thus gained data, the design of 

a technical process is to be investigated with which an 

industrial scale pilot plant can be erected. 

Hollow Discs filled with Adsorbent Granulate 

Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Sites SOA 

The project will be carried out in cooperation with the 

Department of Chemistry (CH) of our institute and with 

the company Stengelin-Specker Kläranlagen GmbH, 

who invented the Rotating Disc Reactor for the Biological 

Purification of Waste Water in the 1950es. Furthermore, 

the departments Biology (BIO), Waste Water 

Technology (AWT) and Industrial Water and Waste 

Water Technology (IWT) of our institute can provide 

their comprehensive experience on the field. 



Duration: 

10/2007 - 09/2009 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Geoökol. M. Borchers 

CTA Brigitte Bergfort 

87


“Solar Photocatalytic Hygienisation and Detoxi- 

fication of Water” 

The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) used for water 

purification in this project, is based on the semi-conductor 

properties of Titanium Dioxide when irradiated 

with ultraviolet light. 

Experiments are carried out in laboratory scale to investigate 

how specially modified and immobilised Titanium 

Dioxide can act as photocatalyst even in diffuse 

daylight, and thus generate oxidative radicals. 

The University of Hohenheim Institute of Environmental 

and Animal Hygiene is our partner concerning the 

microbiological aspects. 

Reaction Equations Titanium Dioxide 

88 


AiF 


Firma Stengelin-Specker Kläranlagen GmbH, 

Dürbheim 

Duration: 

01/2007 - 03/2009 

Contact: 


Dipl.-Ing. M. Rapf 

CTA Brigitte Bergfort

“Development of a Compact Air Stripper for 

Ground Water Remediation” 

Volatile organic substances in Ground Water, mostly 

BTEX-aromates and halogenated hydrocarbons, are 

commonly removed by Air Stripping with vertical packed 

columns. Because of the height of the columns (6 

up to 12 metres), and also because of technical problems 

like scaling of the packing material with iron and 

manganese salts, vertical column strippers can not be 

used in many practical cases. 

Therefore a compact air stripper, that can be built into 

mobile construction site containers, has been designed. 

A pilot plant has been built up and tested under 

practical conditions. Concerning substance removal as 

well as energy consumption, the new stripper is as 

efficient as or even better than the classical column 

stripper. 

Horizontally operating Brush Air Stripper 


After the successful pilot experiments the previous 

knowledge will be used to construct a industrial scale 

compact stripper. 


ZÜBLIN Umwelttechnik GmbH, Stuttgart 

Duration: 

since 06/2006 

Contact: 



89


“Basic Investigations on Salt Preservation of 

Waste for Underground Storage” 

Microbial activity is completely stopped in a saturated 

solution of Sodium Chloride (common salt). Therefore 

it is possible to mix solid wastes high in organics thoroughly 

with Waste Salt, to prevent the biogenic generation 

of gas and odour, which are disgusting and 

dangerous for the staff underground. However, odours 

already contained in the waste cannot be removed by 

the conditioning procedure. 

Hence experiments have been performed to find out 

with what kinds and amounts of additives selected 

waste samples can be biologically inactivated and deodorised 

completely. 

Relation: Microbial Growth and Water Activity 

90 

Client: 

Firma UEV Umwelt, Entsorgung und Verwertung 

GmbH, Heilbronn 

Duration: 

06/2006 - 02/2007 

Contact: 


CTA Brigitte Bergfort

“Planning and Realisation of a Large Scale Test 

for the Zollernalbkreis concerning the Substitution 

of Fossil Fuels at Holcim Cement Company 

by a Mix of Bio Waste and Low-Quality Waste 

Paper” 

The District of Zollernalb is planning to collect bio-waste 

and low quality waste paper together in one bin and 

to subsequently produce from the thus gained waste 

mix a secondary fuel low in pollutants. The background 

is the intent to reduce the number of bins in front of 

the citizens’ houses, to lessen the hygiene problems 

with bio waste in the warm season and also to become 

independent from the usual price fluctuations on the 

recycling market. 

For that purpose about 60 tons of a Mix out of bio-waste 

and waste paper have been shredded, sieved, dried 

in solar and conventional driers. Finally the thermal 

utilisation of the mix in a cement kiln, as well as in a 

novel fluidized bed gasifier have been tested. 

Based on the results of these experiments, further attempts 

are planned to co-incinerate more dried Mix in 

a Biomass Power Station. 

Client: 

Landratsamt des Zollernalbkreises, Balingen 

Duration: 

07/2005 - 01/2007, 09/2007 - to date 

Contact: 



Dipl.-Ing. G. Hafner 

Rotary Cement Kiln, injection side 


Ball Mill for Municipal Waste 

Single-shafted Rotary Shear Shredder 

Solar Dryer 

91



“Acceleration of the BET-Surface Measurement 

for Activated Carbon by Variation of Pressure 

and Temperature” 

Yaoyao Yuan (2008 to date) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Thomanetz 

Master Thesis 

„Aufbereitung von organisch hochbelastetem 

Prozessabwasser am Beispiel eines Betriebes der 

Erfrischungsgetränke-Grundstoffproduktion“ 

Chen Yang (UMW) (2007) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.- Ing. E. Thomanetz 

Diploma Thesis 

„Optimierung und großtechnische Umsetzung einer 

Kompaktstrippanlage“ 

Steffen Vogel (UMW) (2007) 



“Conditioning of Hazardous Wastes for Incineration“ 

Gloria Patricia Galindo Vanegas (2007 to date) 


Independent Study 

“Aftercare of Landfill Sites Using Hydrogen Peroxide 

as Oxygen Supply for Microbial Processes” 

Piyathida Baingern (2007 to date) 


Master Thesis 

Dissertations 

“Optimisation of AOP-Treatment for Industrial 

Waste Water and Toxicological Characterisation 

of the Effluent” 

M.Sc. Ibrahim Abdel Fattah (2007 to 2010) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Thomanetz 

Doctoral Thesis 

92 

“Pyrolysis of Plant Waste in order to Produce 

Coke Fuel ” 

Parik Sabungan Sirumapea (2007 to date) 


Master Thesis 

„Testmethode für die biologische Abbaubarkeit 

des TOC (TOCbio) von Industrieabfallproben: 

Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Leitfähigkeitsmessung“ 

Ying Zhu (UMW) (2007) 



„Untersuchungen zur Funktionsweise einer Kompaktstrippanlage“ 

Timo Pittmann (UMW) (2007) 



“Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Luftstrippung 

für Grundwassersanierung“ 

Gangyi Luo (UMW) (2007) 



“Development of a Test Method to Determine the 

Biodegradable Part of the TOC (TOCbio) of Solid 

Waste” 

Leonidas Karapanagiotis (2006) 


Master Thesis 

“Entropy Production as Measure for the Environmental 

Impact of Technical Processes with Examples 

from Waste Management” 

Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rapf 

Duration from (2007 to 2010) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Weigand 

Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Thomanetz 

Doctoral Thesis


Contact 


Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63709 

Fax:++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: erwin.thomanetz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Gudrun Heinl 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-65495 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 



Dipl.-Geoökol. M. Borchers 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-60495 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-65460 

E-Mail: marco.borchers@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rapf 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63709 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-67634 

E-Mail:matthias.rapf@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

CTA Brigitte Bergfort 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63709 

Fax:++49 (0)711/685-67634 

93


Measuring and Air Pollution Control 

And sometimes, the job just stinks 

If it stinks, the people in this section are in their element. To find out what, when and why it stinks, exactly where 

and how strongly it stinks, is part of the research focus of this group. 

Exhaust gases of all kinds are investigated with the aid of modern gas analysis equipment. The spectrum of 

available methods covers classical methods such as gas chromatography with mass spectrometers and flame 

ionisation detectors, to more unusual methods such as olfactometry and “sniffing port“. But the analysis doesn’t 

stop there. Those services availed upon by both the municipal authorities and industry go as far as practical solutions 

for the construction and operation of emission reduction facilities. It was possible, for example, to improve 

the biological exhaust air purification of a slaughter house, or to determine the reasons for the strong odours 

emanating from a cardboard plant, causing nuisance to local residents. In practice, the purification of odour intensive 

exhaust gases presents a number of difficulties: the malodorous components often remain unrecognized. 

Measures are therefore aimed at simply reducing the principal components of the exhaust gases determined 

using standard analysis methods, while the stinking trace substances remain unregarded. However, employing a 

combination of the analytical methods available to us, exhaust gases can be investigated for their specific odour 

relevant components. It is then possible to optimise exhaust gas purification (for odour emissions these are often 

biological methods). Our work is embedded in both a scientific-technical and economics context. Currently, national 

and international research projects are underway, the aim of which is to develop effective and economically 

viable exhaust gas purification methods by a combination of a variety of processes. Our experience flows into 

national and international regulations. 

94 


• Analysis of emissions from waste 


• On site clearing of olfactory disturbance 

and air pollution 

• Development and optimization of 

waste gas purification plants 

• Gas chromatographic analysis of 

olfactory compounds using an 

“olfactory detection port” (ODP) 

• Analysis of volatile organic compounds 

(VOC)

Projects 

„VOCleanplas“: Procedural basis for VOC loaded 

flue gas cleaning with a microwave plasma source 

for low or medium flue gas volume flows under 

atmospheric pressure. 

Motive of this research project was to develop a technical 

flue gas cleaning method in critical gas flows 

with the help of a microwave plasma source under atmospheric 

pressure. 

The method should be a compact facility, which can 

be used not only for low but critical flue gas flow rates 

from the thin-film deposition, but also for the typical 

VOC-loaded flue gas streams from low and medium 

production plants. A higher demand for these flue gas 

streams is expected, for which no satisfying solution 

is found until now. 

The most used VOC-loaded flue gas cleaning method 

is thermal after-treatment. The loaded flue gas is conducted 

to a combustion chamber, where a gas- or oilincinerator, 

supplemented with appropriate catalysts, 

leads to decomposition and combustion of the VOCs. 

Since the total gas volume is heated, heat recovery 

becomes an important component of such a facility. 

During heat production flue gas is generated by the 

incinerator. Therefore such facilities are only equitable 

for flue gas volume flow, which is considerably higher 

than the flue gas volume flow generated by the facility 

itself. Hence the facilities for thermal after-treatment 

have large-volume structures. Facilities for low and 

medium flue gas flow rates (< 10 m3 /h is already a 

micro-unit) - which are called Scrubber - are so far 

only cost-effectively replaceable for special critical flue 

gas in low volume flows, as they are generated in the 

production of semi-conductor or thin-film deposition. 

A rapidly increasing trade demand of low and medium 

VOC-loaded flue gas cleaning facilities appears due to 

the growing market. 

In the frame of this project, several test facilities were 

built up with microwave plasma technique; experiments 

of VOC-loaded and fluorinated gas were carried 

out with the same technique. In ISWA, experiments of 

VOC-elimination and corresponding gas analysis were 

performed. Moreover, gas components were analysed 

on the test facility of the project partner by means of 

FT-IR technique. 

It is shown by the project that, due to different aspects 

the thermal microwave plasma technique is only 

limitedly appropriate for VOC-elimination. For the application 

in fluorinated carbohydrates from thin-film 

deposition the test facility turned out to be successful 

and effective. 

Measuring and Air Pollution Control TAL 


AIF Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen, 

Köln 


Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, 

Pfinztal 

Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Plasmaforschung 

(IPF) 

Duration: 

07/2005 - 06/2007 

Contact: 


Microwave plasma test facility 

95


Minimization of odour emission in foundry sec- 

tions – Part II 

The odour emissions from foundries remains a severe 

problem. In the surrounding area of foundries odour 

immission occurs, which causes affliction to the already 

highly critical neighbourhood. To make sure the 

public acceptance of the foundries on their traditional 

locations, or due to public pressure, the plants are 

forced to find a remedy. 

During recent years the foundries have made some 

progress in odour reduction. However it appears that 

the progress is quite little, and most relevant people 

are only satisfied when the odour in foundries is completely 

gone. Besides the technologies of foundries are 

so manifold and the odour sources so complex, that to 

use a new binder or to modify some technologies can 

achieve only little progress in a group of foundries. 

Therefore in some aspects further improvements is 

needed. 

Purpose of the project is to find out further solution 

of reduction on odour emission in iron foundries, especially 

in foundry sections. That means information 

about odour emission from form auxiliary materials 

and additives for both foundry industry and chemical 

supply industry should be provided. Foundry industries 

should obtain details of process control, while supply 

industries obtain details about formation and origination 

of odorous substances. 

„Olfactory-detection-port (ODP) “for identification of 

odorous components in mixed gas 

96 

With further development of measuring technique, 

it is possible to evaluate and optimize the variety of 

molding materials and forming auxiliary materials in 

the odour technical aspect. Furthermore, the results 

of olfactory – with respect to reproducibility and prediction 

accuracy – should be improved by optimizing 

basic conditions of measuring technology. 

Besides, the research methods which are developed in 

former project should be further developed. The analytical 

methods for detection of odorous substances 

are expanded in detail: 

• Through variation of adsoption as well as desorption 

conditions the odorous substances with lower 

molecular weight (such as hydrogen sulphide, formic 

acid, formaldehyde, propylene,…) should be 

detected by analysis. 

• By expansion of the detector system. With an additional 

Flame ionization detector it should result 

in a more detailed quantification of the relevant 

odorous compounds. The GC/MS/FID-System connected 

with the Olfactory-Detection-Port (ODP), 

which is also called Sniffing-Detector, has proved 

itself effective. 

• By extension of the spectrum library and literature 

research about substance-specific odor thresholds, 

the proportion in identified flue gas components 

should be enhanced. 


AIF Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen, 

Köln 


IfG – Institut für Gießereitechnik GmbH, Abteilung 

Arbeits- und Umweltschutz, Düsseldorf 

Duration: 

10/2005 - 03/2008 

Contact: 

Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser

Preliminary exploration of construction stage 

IV on Landfill Dorfweiher for project measures 

planning to shorten the aftercare period 

Im Rahmen dieses Vorprojekts wurden Messungen und 

Arbeiten zur Probenahme und Belüftung des Deponieabschnitts 

durchgeführt. Das Ziel war, Daten über die 

Zusammensetzung und Beschaffenheit des Mülls sowie 

von Deponiegas und Sickerwasser zu sammeln, 

um sich ein möglichst genaues Bild über diesen Teil 

der Deponie machen zu können. Anhand der Erkenntnisse 

aus diesem Pilotprojekt soll eine Sanierungsmaßnahme 

„Aerobisierung der Deponie“ geplant und 

beantragt werden, die dann im Rahmen eines Folgeprojekts 

durchgeführt werden soll 

In frame of the technical pre-project, measurements, 

sampling and air ventilation into the landfill section 

were carried out. The aim was collecting data on the 

composition and character of the waste, landfill gas 

and leachate, in order to make a sketch of this part of 

the landfill as accurately as possible. With the knowledge 

from this pilot project, a remediation measure 

“Aeration of the Landfill” should be planned and applied 

for, which should be conducted in the frame of a 

follow-up project later on. 

Independent Studies 

and Diploma Thesis 

Odour Measurements in Solid Waste Transfer 

Station located in Dußlingen 

Marta Eugenia Escoto de Tejada (WASTE) (2007) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser 


Elimination von VOC’s und Gerüchen aus Abgasen 

durch nichtthermisches Plasma 

Thomas Eckhardt (Umweltschutztechnik) (2006) 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser 


Measuring and Air Pollution Control TAL 

Emission measurements with a tunable diode laser for 

methane measurement over long distances 


Landkreis Konstanz 


Fa. Lhotzky & Partner, Braunschweig 

Duration: 

10/2007 - 12/2007 

Contact: 


M.Sc. Han Zhu 

Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65416 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

E-Mail: martin.reiser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Hans-Jürgen Heiden (CTA) 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63712 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

E-Mail: hans-juergen.heiden@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Axel Goschnick (CTA) 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63712 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

E-Mail: axel.goschnick@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

97



It’s not just hot air to us 

The biological cleaning of exhaust air and the biodegradation of xenobiotics (i.e. non-biodegradable substances) 

by bacteria represent the focal point of our work. 

In addition, the department provides assistance in the planning and dimensioning of biofiltration apparatus of various 

types (biofilter, biotrickling filter and biowasher). Moreover, it is possible to provide scientific supervision of 

these apparatus and equipment during normal operations and in case of faults. This is in the interest of research 

in a real practical context, because the weaknesses revealed in any of the functions can be drawn upon to develop 

new or optimised concepts. A further field of research is the degradation of xenobiotics: exposing degradation 

potential, isolating xenobiotic degrading bacteria strains and fungi, investigating bacterial degradation paths and, 

as a spinoff, the biosynthesis of materials. Using the example of the metabolism of styrene (vinyl benzene), it is 

possible to demonstrate the effects of our research: we have applied our knowledge concerning the degradability 

of chemicals and the microorganisms involved in diverse environmental engineering industry contracts. In the 

case of styrene, we have participated in the construction and operation of biofilter plants for the purification of 

exhaust air from the manufacture of glass-fibre reinforced plastic tubes. Further focal points in this context are 

the metabolism of halobenzene derivates, on their own and in admixtures with toluene, as well as the degradation 

of aromatic and non-aromatic ethers. In the waste air field, we are involved in the investigation of the problematic 

metabolism of substance mixtures and with the “clogging“ of filter materials (i.e. the blockage of filters as 

the result of excessive biomass production). One approach to the solution here is the development of filters with 

moving beds, as already implemented in the rotorfilter, but now continued using a different direction. 

98 


• Detection of degradative potentials 

• Isolation of xenobiotics degrating 

bacteria and fungi 

• Elucidation of bacterial degradative 

pathways by use of genetical, 

chemical and biochemical 

techniques 

• Development of new waste air 

purification concepts 

• Design, dimensioning and operation 

of Biological Waste Air Purification 

(BWAP) plants 

• Biosynthesis of fine chemicals 

with high value

Projects 

Preparation of a continuation proposal with the title: 

Halogenated and alkylated benzenes mineralizing 

bacteria: characterization of degradation pathways for 

fluoromuconate and methylsubstiuted lactones / to be 

Evaluations and Industry Contracts 

Optimization of industrial biofilter for treatment 

of benzylic alcohol and benzaldehyde containing 

waste air 

Company: Plasma Air AG and G-Elit GmbH 

An industrial waste air cleaning plant was optimized, 

the running conditions were determined and special 

rules were set for the critical phase of start-up. Espaecially 

important were the optimization of the scrubber 

unit, the control of pH-value and the monitoring of 

the biomass. The work is not yet finished and will be 

continued in 2008. 

Investigations on industrial biofilter material 

Company: Firma Handte GmbH Umwelttechnik 


submitted to the DFG in 2008; envisaged funding institution: 

DFG; Contents: see PhD work of Dipl.-Ing. N. 

Strunk and Dipl.-Ing. D. Dobslaw. 

Process Optimization in reclaim waters of the 

chip industries 

In collaboration with a `Clean Water`-Supplying Company 

a biotrickling filter device was constructed purifying 

production water streams in order to reuse them 

instead of introducing fresh water (product integrated 

approach). Special bacteria were isolated, characterized 

and tested with respect to their degradative behaviour, 

their growth potentials and stability. The work 

will be applied in industry, the results will be patented. 

Optimization of a ammonium treatment plant in 

the milk industries 

In a milk treating industrial plant operating according 

to the sequencing batch procedure destillates are to 

be treated with rather high loads of ammonium. The 

operating conditions for ammonium degradation have 

to be optimized under the specific conditions of sludge 

separation in a UF-unit. 


Biological treatment of chromate containing 

waste waters- Introductive steps to a clean-up 

strategy 

Diego Salamanca (2007) 


Anreicherung von acetonabbauenden Bakterienstämmen 

- Isopropanolabbau in einer Tropfkörperanlage 

– Enrichment of acetone degrading 

microorganisms in a trickling filter device 

Natalia Neumann (UMW) (2007) 

Independent Studiy 

Investigations on a biofilter in a benzyl-alcohol 

utilizing company 

Ms. Sc Oktay Karas (WAREM) (2007) 

Master Thesis 

„Abreinigung von Isophoron in einem Biotricklingfilter 

– Untersuchungen zur Genetik des 

Hauptleistungsträgers Iph200“/ Characterization 

of a isophorone degrading strain, IPH200 as 

the active component in a biotrickling filter 

Nina Gaissert 


99


Biologische Behandlung von mit Toluol und 

Chlorbenzol belasteten Grundwasser durch die 

Bakterienstämme Burkholderia fungorum FLU 

100 sowie Pseudomonas putida GJ 31 – Biological 

treatment of ground water contaminated 

with chlorobenzene and toluene by strains of 

Burkholderia fungorum FLU100 and Pseudomonas 

putida GJ 31 

Roland Kurz (2007) 


Doctoral Thesis 

Investigation on the bacterial degradation of 

halogenated aromatics by strain Burkholderia 

fungorum FLU 100 and its application in pilot biofilters 

Dipl. Ing. N. Strunk (2007) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. K.-H. Engesser 

PhD Thesis 

Meetings and Talks 

The regulation of the degradation pathways for alkanes 

degradation in bacteria 

Workshop in Osnabrück during the annual meeting of 

the German VAAM (`Society of general and applied 

Microbiology) 

Strunk, N; Dobslaw, D; Pieper, D and Engesser, KH 

Isolation and characterization of strain FLU100, a 

bacterium with the rare capability to simultaneously 

degrade toluene and all monohalosubstituted benzenes 

including fluorobenzene. BIOSPECTRUM Tagungsband 

Jena, (2006), KC 13 

Kim, YH; Kang, I; Bergeron, H; Lau, PCK; Engesser, 

KH and Kim, SJ 

Physiological, biochemical, and genetic characterization 

of an alicyclic amine-degrading Mycobacterium 

sp strain THO100 isolated from a morpholine-containing 

culture of activated sewage sludge. ARCHIVES OF 

MICROBIOLOGY, 186 (2006) Nr. 5, S. 425-434 

100 

Technology, microbial physiology and genetics 

of degradational pathways for chlorosubstituted 

and methylsubstituted aromatics in biological 

waste air purification plants 

Dipl. Ing. D. Dobslaw (to be finished yet) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. K.-H. Engesser 

PhD Thesis 

Dobslaw, D; Dobslaw, C; Fütterer, N and Engesser, 

KH. 

Optimization of a bioscrubber in printing industry for 

treatment of crude air containing alcohols and ethers. 

BIOSPECTRUM Tagungsband Osnabrück, (2007), KE 

001, S. 56 

Onaca, C; Kieninger, M; Engesser, KH and Altenbuchner, 

J 

Degradation of alkyl methyl ketones by Pseudomonas 

veronii MEK700. JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, 189 

(2007) Nr. 10, S. 3759-3767 

Dobslaw, D; Dobslaw, C.; Fütterer, N. and Engesser, 

KH 

Biologische Abluftreinigung von Druckereiablüften: 

Optimierung eines Biowäscher. CIT - Chemie 

Ingenieur Technik, (2007) Heft 10, DOI: 10.1002/ 

cite.200700069

Contact 


Prof. Dr.-rer. nat. habil. K.-H. Engesser 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63734 

Fax:++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

Email: karl-h.engesser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dipl.-Ing. Strunk 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63730 

Fax:++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

Email: niko.strunk@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Dobslaw 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65406 

Fax:++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

Email: daniel.dobslaw@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

101

102


o. Prof. rer. nat. habil Jörg W. Metzger 

Hydrochemistry CH 

o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger 

Hydrobiology BIO 

Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller, Akad. Oberrat 

103



At the chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology actu- 

al practice-oriented topics are investigated and natural 

science based solutions are developed in interdisciplinary 

co-operation with engineers. A basic knowledge in 

natural sciences is required to understand interdisciplinary 

contexts concerning all areas of Environmental 

Engineering. Biological and chemical processes are of 

high importance for the treatment processes of drinking 

water and wastewater as well as for composting 

of solid and green waste or for the decontamination 

of groundwater. The quality of water, no matter if it 

is wastewater, surface water, groundwater or drinking 

water, is defined by chemical and microbiological parameters, 

for which the legislator has set limits (e.g. in 

the Drinking Water Ordinance). Since it is not allowed 

to exceed these limits, it is important to reiterate the 

analytical monitoring process at regular intervals. 

The task of the Environmental Analysis is to develop 

and to apply methods which allow to identify and 

quantify inorganic and organic compounds, either as 

single substances or in total (as so called summary 

parameter) in various environmental compartments, 

such as water, waste water, landfill leachate, soil, sediment, 

sewage sludge etc. The high toxicity of some 

substances and the problematic ecotoxicological properties, 

e.g. the tendency to undergo geo- or bioaccumulation, 

demands a specific and selective determination 

of substances in very low concentrations despite 

possible interferences with other matrix components. 

Therefore the methods have to be constantly optimised 

and interpretation of analytical data has always to 

consider measurement uncertainty. 

New technologies in the wastewater treatment or drinking 

water purification are most effectively developed 

by a close co-operation at the interface between the 

Engineering and Natural Sciences, e.g. the determination 

of the efficiency of a water purification method. 

Effect-related analysis, in which the concentrations of 

a pollutant in a sample are correlated with its biological 

effects as basis for a risk-assessment is one of the 

numerous interdisciplinary networking areas of biology 

and chemistry. 

Suitable biological test systems (bioassays), preferably 

as simply as possible, represent the basis for the 

practicable application of this concept. Also formation 

of the investigation of the environmental behaviour of 

native and anthropogenic substances, e.g. degradation 

pathways and metabolites as well as the identification 

of microorganisms participating in the degradation 

reaction, requires that chemists and biologists 

work hand in hand. 

104 

The Chair for Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology at the 

ISWA has been supervised by Prof. Dr. rer. nat Jörg 

W. Metzger since 1996, being also the Head of the 

Department of Hydrochemistry. The division of Applied 

Biology is managed by Dr.-Ing. Wolf Rüdiger Müller. 

Teaching Activities 

The Department of Hydrochemistry offers a broad range 

of basic and advanced courses for the students of 

the Bachelor and Master programs Civil Engineering 

and Environmental Engineering and the master programs 

WAREM and WASTE at the Universität Stuttgart. 

The lectures cover all important topics of Chemistry 

of Water and Waste Water, Water- and Soil Protection 

and Environmental Analysis. A deeper insight to these 

issues is given by practical courses, e.g. for sampling 

or chemical analysis in the chemical and microbiological 

laboratories of the department. 

Courses for Environmental Engineering 

• Umweltchemie mit Praktikum; Environmental 

Chemistry (lecture and practical laboratory work) 

• Umweltanalytik II mit Praktikum; Environmental 

Analysis (lecture and practical laboratory work) 

• Chemische Grundlagen des Gewässerschutzes; 

Chemical Basis for Water Resource Protection 

• Ökotoxikologie und Bewertung von Schadstoffen; 

Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment of Pollutants 

• Wasser- und Abwasserchemie mit Praktikum; 

Chemistry of Water and Waste Water (lecture and 

practical laboratory work) 

• Praktikum chemische Wassertechnologie; Chemical 

Water Technology (practical laboratory work) 

• Qualitätssicherung in der chemischen Analytik; 

Quality Assurance in Chemical Analysis 

• Messen und Analysieren von Gewässerverunreinigungen 

mit Praktikum; Measurement and Analysis 

of Water Pollution (lecture and practical laboratory 

work) 

• Schadstoffanalytik mit Praktikum; Analysis of Pollutants 

(lecture and practical laboratory work) 

Courses for Civil Engineering 

• Chemie für Bauingenieure; Chemistry for Civil Engineers 

• Wasser- und Abwasserchemie; Chemistry of Water 

and Waste Water 

• Biologie und Chemie von Wasser und Abwasser 

mit Praktikum; Biology and Chemistry of Water 

and Waste Water (lecture and practical laboratory 

work)

Courses for WASTE 

• Introductory course Bioorganic Chemistry 

• Chemistry and Microbiology of Potable and Waste 

Water 

• Water Analysis and Analytical Quality Control (lecture 

and practical laboratory work) 

Courses for WAREM 

• Introductory course Bioorganic Chemistry 

• Chemistry and Microbiology of Potable and Waste 

Water 

• Water Analysis and Analytical Quality Control 

• Chemische Grundlagen des Gewässerschutzes; 

Chemical Fundamentals of Water Resource Protection 

• Umweltanalytik II mit Praktikum¸Environmental 

Analysis (lecture and practical laboratory work) 

Ph.D. Thesis 

Développement de nouvelles techniques de détermination 

des pesticides et contribution à la 

réduction de leur impact sur les eaux par utilisation 

des Substances Organiques Naturelles 

(S.O.N.) 

Hicham EL BAKOURI, Thèse de Doctorat, 21.01.2006 

Département de Génie Chimique de la Faculté des Sciences 

et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, 

Tanger (Maroc). 

Président de Jury: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 


International 

In co-operation with the Universidade Federal do Paraná, 

Curitiba (Brasil) and the Brazilian industry association 

SENAI, a postgraduate master program in Environmental 

Engineering EDUBRAS (Educação Brasil) 

was launched supported by DAAD. Within the scope 

of this program the lectures Environmental Chemistry, 

Environmental Analysis, Chemistry of Water and 

Waste Water and Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment 

of Pollutants are offered by Prof. Jörg Metzger from 

March 2008 on. This master program conclude after 

four semester with a master of science degree. 

Within the activities of proficiency testing in analytical 

chemistry (AQS Baden-Württemberg) the institute has 

co-operations with the following organisations: 

• Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, 

Germany 

• International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 

• Southern African Development Community Cooperation 

in Measurement Traceability, Pretoria, 

South Africa 

Final Reports of the Chair 

Metzger, J. und Scholz-Muramatsu, H. (2007): Mikrobiologische 

Charakterisierung der reduktiven Dechlorierung 

von chlorierten Ethenen und Ermittlung 

der Bedingungen für den vollständigen Abbau in-situ. 

Verbundprojekt: Untersuchungen zur Indikation von 

mikrobiellem LCKW-Abbau am Beispiel des Standortes 

Perleberg. Schlussbericht Forschungsvorhaben im Förderschwerpunkt 

KORA, BMBF 02WN0372 

Kuch, Bertram; Rupp, Silke; Fischer, Klaus; Kranert, 

Martin; Metzger, Jörg W. (2007): Untersuchungen von 

Komposten und Gärsubstraten auf organische Schadstoffe 

in Baden-Württemberg. Schlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens 

FZKA-BWPLUS, BWR 24026. 

105


Publications 

Boley, Angela; Unger, Beatriz; Müller, Wolf-Rüdiger; 

Kuch, Bertram; Deger, Ayse (2006): Biological drinking 

water treatment for nitrate and pesticide (endosulfan) 

elimination. Wat.Sci.Technol., Water Supply 6, 

123-127. 

Boley, Angela; Frommert, Irene; Müller, Wolf-Rüdiger 

(2006): A biological filtration process for denitrification 

with polycaprolactone as solid substrate in a rotating 

reactor. In: Gimbel, R., Graham, J.D. and Collins, M.R. 

(ed.): Recent progress in slow sand and alternative 

biofiltration processes. IWA Publishing, London. 

Koch, Michael (2006): Messunsicherheit in der Trinkwasseranalytik.Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz 

10 49, 1027-1033. 

König, Andreas; Baumeister, Frank (2006): A microbial 

sensor for measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand 

of nitrification and nitrification inhibitors. Biosensors 

and Bioassays Based on Microorganisms. K. Riedel, G. 

Kunze and K.H.R. Baronian. Kerala, India, Research 

Signpost: 87-104. 

Metzger, Jörg W. (2006): Organische Spurenstoffe im 

Wasserkreislauf - (K)ein Problem für das Trinkwasser? 

Begleitband der Vortragsreihe Stiftung für Lebensmittelsicherheit 

und Verbraucherschutz, 26-29. 

Metzger, J. und Scholz-Muramatsu, H. (2007): Mikrobiologische 

Charakterisierung der reduktiven Dechlorierung 

von chlorierten Ethenen und Ermittlung 

der Bedingungen für den vollständigen Abbau in-situ. 

Verbundprojekt: Untersuchungen zur Indikation von 

mikrobiellem LCKW-Abbau am Beispiel des Standortes 

Perleberg. Schlussbericht Forschungsvorhaben im Forschwerpunkt 

KORA, BMBF 02WN0372. 

Rienitz, Olaf; Schiel, Detlef; Güttler, Bernd; Koch, 

Michael; Borchers, Ulrich (2007): A convenient and 

economic approach to achieve SI-traceable reference 

values to be used in drinking-water interlaboratory 

comparisons. Accred Qual Assur - Springer Verlag 12, 

615-622. 

Tebbe, Ch. C.; Freygang, M.; Scholz-Muramatsu, H. 

(2007): Untersuchungen zur Indikation von mikrobiellem 

LCKW-Abbau am Beispiel des Standortes Perleberg. 

Standortbeschreibung, Schadstoffspektrum 

und -Verteilung (Ausgangssituation). 3. BMBF-Statusseminar 

KORA, 27.09.2007, Stuttgart. 

106 

Tebbe, Ch. C.; Scholz-Muramatsu, H. (2007): Untersuchungen 

zur Indikation von mikrobiellem LCKW-Abbau 

am Beispiel des Standortes Perleberg. Molekulare 

und mikrobiologische Analysen zur Untersuchung des 

reduktiven LCKW Abbaus. 3. BMBF-Statusseminar 


Tebbe, Ch. C.; Scholz-Muramatsu, H.; Vigelahn, L. 

(2007): Untersuchungen zur Indikation von mikrobiellem 

LCKW-Abbau am Beispiel des Standortes Perleberg. 

Stimulierung des reduktiven LCKW-Abbaus 

durch Melasse-Infiltration. 3. BMBF-Statusseminar 


Tebbe Ch. C.; Dowideit K.; Miethling-Graff R.; Vigelahn 

L.; Freygang M.; Scholz-Muramatsu H. (2007): Untersuchungen 

zur Indikation von mikrobiellem LCKW-Abbau 

am Beispiel des Standortes Perleberg 

(1) Standortbeschreibung, 

(2) Molekulare und mikrobiologische Analysen zur Untersuchung 

des reduktiven LCKW Abbaus, 

(3) Stimulierung des reduktiven LCKW Abbaus durch 

Melasse-Infiltration. 

Poster 3. BMBF-Statusseminar KORA, 27.09.2007, 

Stuttgart. 

Vigelahn L.; Freygang M.; Scholz-Muramatsu H. (2006): 

Säulenversuche zur Bestimmung der Dechlorierungsrate 

in Bodenproben. In: DECHEMA, Forschungs- und 

Projektkoordination, Frankfurt-Main (Hrsg.), Kontrollierter 

natürlicher Rückhalt und Abbau von Schadstoffen 

bei der Sanierung kontaminierter Grundwässer 

und Böden (KORA), Statusseminar 2006. 

Zulian, Alessandra; Petronilli, Valeria; Bova, Sergio; 

Dabbeni-Sala, Federica; Cargnelli, Gabriella; Cavalli, 

Maurizio; Rennison, David; Stäb, Jessica; Laita, Olivia; 

Lee, Dong Jun; Brimble, Margaret A.; Hopkins, Brian; 

Bernardi, Paolo; Ricchelli, Fernanda (2007): Assessing 

the molecular basis for rat-selective induction of the 

mitochondrial permeability transition by norbormide. 

Biochimica est biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 

1767(7), 980-988.


Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63721 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: joerg.metzger@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dörte Hahn 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63721 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 

E-Mail: doerte.hahn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 



Tel.: ++49 (0)711/685-63721 

Fax: ++49 (0)711/685-63729 


Biology 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711 685-65411 

Fax: ++49 (0)711 685-63729 

E-Mail: w-r.mueller@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

107



We have a nose for it 

In the hydrochemistry department the main subjects dealt with are environmental chemistry and, in particular, 

environmental analyses. 

Some of the research work here deals with the question of the volume of medicines entering domestic wastewater, 

how these are degraded in a treatment plant and the influence they have on aquatic communities. We are especially 

interested in the volume of such chemicals retained in treatment plants, either by degradation processes 

in the various purification stages or by enrichment in the sewage sludge. As a consequence, we also investigate 

water bodies, above all with the question of whether and to what extent chemicals in the water are ingested by 

aquatic organisms (e.g. fish), are enriched within their bodies, or degraded or altered by their metabolism. A 

whole series of trace analysis methods are available for these investigations; these methods were, in part, specially 

developed in the hydrochemistry department. We are also engaged in the monitoring of treatment plants 

with regard to substances in the water that can interfere with components of the biological purification stages. 

A specially developed bio-sensor test system can be implemented for this purpose; it is suitable for recognition 

of nitrification-inhibiting compounds. Moreover, we also deal with external quality assurance in water chemistry 

laboratories and competence assessments. In the fields of drinking water, wastewater and groundwater analysis, 

this involves proficiency tests for laboratories, which are in part obligatory for state recognition of the laboratories. 

In addition, further water chemistry problems in the fields mentioned are investigated. 

108 


• Environmental analysis 

• Examination of occurence and 

fate as well as risk assessment 

of environmentally relevant chemicals 

• Biosensors for the determination 

of inhibition of nitrification 

• Biological in-vitro test systems, 

for the determination of hormonal 

activity of environmental 

samples, i.e. E-SCREENAssay 

and YES-Assay 

• Quality Assurance in Analytical 

Chemistry

Projects 

Elimination of pharmaceuticals and bacteria from 

hospital waste water in a membrane bioreactor 

Pathogens, resistant bacteria, pharmaceutical active 

substances and endocrine disrupting substances 

(EDS) may enter municipal WWTPs via wastewater of 

hospitals. Some of these substances which are hardly 

removable in the WWTPs are discharged in the receiving 

water. 

A rotation disk filter, which treats directly the hospital 

waste water, was developed at the Instítute for Interfacial 

Engineering (university of Stuttgart, IGVT) and 

the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and 

Biotechnology IGB. The system improves the removal 

of pathogens and pharmaceuticals using the technology 

of a membrane bio reactor. The cooperation of 

IGVT, IGB and the Institute of Sanitary Engineering, 

Water Quality and Solid Waste Management will investigate 

the fate of pharmaceuticals in the filter system 

which will be installed in the “Robert-Bosch”-hospital 

in Stuttgart. 




Fraunhofer Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik 

(IGB), Stuttgart 

Duration: 

2005/2006 

Contact: 

Dr. Bertram Kuch 

Determination of organic contaminants in composts 

and digestates in the state of Baden-Württemberg, 

South-West-Germany 

Numerous investigations prove the occurrence of 

organic pollutants in sewage sludge. Therefore the 

agricultural use of sewage sludge is controversially 

discussed. For the final assessment of possible risks 

connected to the agricultural use of compost and digestate 

the current knowledge is not sufficient. 

In this monitoring study the output material of 16 

composting plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg was analysed 

for various organic trace pollutants such as polychlorinated 

biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

(PAH), polybrominated flame retardants 

and nonylphenols, which are a class of endocrine disrupting 

compounds. The concentrations of PAH were in 


the range of 1200 - 3500 µg/kg d.w., PCB were found 

in concentrations between 20 and 35 µg/kg d.w.. For 

both classes of substances as a tendency lower concentrations 

were found in green compost. Seasonal 

variations were observed for PAH, nonylphenols and 

DDE, a stable degradation product of DDT. 


Programm Lebensgrundlage Umwelt und ihre Sicherung 

(BWPLUS), Förderkennzeichen BWR 24026, 

Duration: 

10/2005 – 09/2006 

Contact: 

Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger, Prof. Dr. Martin Kranert 

(Lehrstuhl Abfallwirtschaft und Abluft), Dr. Klaus Fischer 

(Abt. SIA), Dr. Bertram Kuch. 

Comparison of the cleaning efficiency of sand 

filtration and ultrafiltration by the example of a 

municipal wastewater treatment plant located 

on the “Schwäbische Alb” 

The small WWTP (2300 p.e) investigated in this project 

discharges its purificated waste water directly into 

the soil. The location near a water protection zone requires 

advanced wastewater treatment steps. To compare 

the effiency of different techniques the purificated 

wastewater is treated parallel with large-scaled sand 

filtration units and ultrafiltration membranes. Downstream 

the UF effluent additionally two activated carbon 

filtration units (granulated AC) are installed. The 

results for some of the examined parameters available 

up to now show an efficient reduction (COD, N , P , 

tot tot 

organic micropollutants, hygienic parameters). 


Gemeinde Merklingen, Regierungspräsidium Tübingen, 

Ministerium für Umwelt und Verkehr Baden- 

Württemberg 


Gemeinde Merklingen, Ingenieurbüro Dr.-Ing. Jedele 

und Partner GmbH, Stuttgart 

Contact: 

Dr. Bertram Kuch 

109


AQS Baden-Württemberg (analytical quality control 

Baden-Württemberg) 

The Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality 

and Solid Waste Management is one of the largest proficiency 

test (PT) provider for chemical water analysis 

in Europe. These Pts are organized on behalf of the 

ministry of environment and the ministry of nutrition 

and rural affairs in Baden-Württemberg. 

Three PT rounds for the analysis drinking water and 

usually two rounds for analysis of waste water are 

conducted per year for officially notified laboratories 

in Germany. Besides that one PT round for rapid test 

analysis in waster treatment plants and one round in 

the framework of a large groundwater monitoring programme 

are organized. 

The actual programme can be found on http://www. 

aqsbw.de. 

Chemicals used for the production of PT samples 

110 

Client: 

Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg, Ministerium 

für Ernährung und Ländlichen Raum Baden- 

Württemberg 

Project manager: 


Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch 

PT manager: 


Secretary´s office: 

Heidemarie Sanwald 

Further informations: 

http://www.aqsbw.de 

High-precision balances for the net weight of chemicals 

and solutions

Sample preparation for the proficiency test (PT) 

High-grade steel vessel (2,1 m3) for pasteurisation of waste water, drinking 

water and ground water 

Stock solutions for the preparation of PT samples 


111


Master- and Diploma Thesis 

Study on a new way to realize a solid substrate 

framework for denitrification 

Pongtawat Wattana (2007) 

Master Thesis 

Long-term stability and management of iron treated 

soil contaminated with chromated c o p p e r 

arsenate (CCA) 

Eva Staudigl (2007) 

Master Thesis 

Untersuchung der Belastung von Böden mit persistenten 

organischen Spurenstoffen / Analyses 

of persistent organic pollutants in soil 

Jessica Stäb (2007) 


Untersuchung zur Bestimmung von polycyclischen 

aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen 

(PAK) mittels GC/MS / Investigations on the 

determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

(PAH) using GC/MS 

Susanne Görgens (2007) 


Ermittlung des Vorkommens und der Elimination 

von estrogen aktiven Substanzen im Lehr- und 

Forschungsklärwerk Stuttgart-Büsnau - Bewertung 

des E-Screen-Assays als in vitro-Testverfahren 

/ Determination of occurance and elimination 

of estrogenic substances in the research 

treatment plant Stuttgart-Büsnau – evaluation 

of the E-screen-assay as in-vitro-test 

Cornelia Klaus (2007) 


112 

Untersuchung zur Extraktion von Arsenspezies 

aus Algen / Investigations of the extraction of 

arsenic species from algae 

Ludger Schrempf (2006) 


Die Testung mikrobieller Biosensoren für die Bestimmung 

nitrikationshemmender Substanzen 

und Abwasserproben einer Industriekläranlage 

im Vergleich zu dem Verfahren nach DIN EN ISO 

9509 / Testing of microbial biosensors for the determination 

of nitrification inhibiting substances 

and waste water samples from an industrial waste 

water treatment plant in comparison with the 

methods according to DIN EN ISO 9509 

Bin Huang (2006) 


Eintrag und Abbauverhalten bisher wenig untersuchter 

Pharmazeutika in der aquatischen- 

Umwelt / Input and biodegradability of less 

investigated pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment 

Christoph Trautwein (2006) 


Bestimmung von Moschusduftstoffen in Körperpflegeprodukten 

und Bedarfsgegenständen mittels 

Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie 

(GC-MS) / Determination of musks in body care 

products and articles of daily use using gas chromatography 

– mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 

Thilo Kunst (2006) 

Diploma Thesis

Contact 


Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63721 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 



Dörte Hahn (Hydrochemie) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63721 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

E-Mail: doerte.hahn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Heidemarie Sanwald (AQS) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65446 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: heidi.sanwald@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Lab- and Project Management AQS 


Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65444 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: michael.koch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dr.-Ing. Frank Baumeister 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65442 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: frank.baumeister@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65443 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: bertram.kuch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Biol. Biljana Maric 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65447 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: biljana.maric@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Ing. Jörg Alexander Pfeiffer 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63720 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: joerg.pfeiffer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dipl.-Chem. Jessica Stäb 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63727 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: jessica.staeb@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Christina Weber 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63720 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-67809 

E-Mail: christina.weber@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Laboratory 

Chemical technical employee 

Michael Braun (Chemo technician) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65446 

Maria Gebauer (CTA) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65454 

Gertrud Joas (CTA) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65453 

Andrea Kern (LTA) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-63727 

Cornelia Orth (Dipl.-Ing., FH) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65454 

Ellen Raith-Bausch (Chemo technician) 

Tel: ++49 (0) 711/685-65454 


113


Biology 

The biology section deals with methods for investigation of the biological degradation of pollutants, chemicals, 

solid organic substances and polymers in water and the soil. The focal points of our work include remediation 

methods and measuring and verification methods. 

In many cases of biological degradation, a thorough verification of the fate of substances and their intermediate 

products is required, in order to address the hazard of accumulation in the environment. To be able to classify a 

substance as “completely degradable“, its conversion to mineralization products must be proven. This is why the 

Sapromat, designed at the institute, was enhanced to facilitate the verification of complete, aerobic, biological 

degradation of an organic substance to carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Further inhouse developments, the 

“Denimat“ and the “Methanomat“, allow automated degradation investigations under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. 

Typical problems involved with drinking water supplies in rural areas include the high nitrate and pesticide content 

in groundwater. Using our invention, which utilizes biodegradable polymers as carrier substances and as a 

source of carbon for a single-stage process in water treatment, it is possible to achieve simultaneous biological 

nitrate and pollutant elimination in drinking water treatment, in wastewater treatment, and in fish production and 

aquariums. 

Numerous groundwater reservoirs in Germany are polluted by industrial pollutants. Chlorinated solvents are 

among the most widespread substances. Investigations aimed at the remediation of contaminated areas are carried 

out within the context of a programme sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The aim 

of this project is to gain an understanding of the fundamentals involved in the participation of microorganisms in 

the conversion of volatile organic hydrocarbons. 

114 


• Biological degradation and risk 

assessment of pollutants, chemicals, 

and organic solid substrates 

as well as polymers 

• Development of specific test 

equipments 

• Low-tech effective biological water 

treatment with biodegradable 

polymers 

• Biological remediation of organic 

pollutants from contaminated 

aquifers

Projects 

Microbiological characterization of the reductive 

dechlorination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons 

and investigation of optimum conditions 

for complete in-situ attenuation, within the 

BMBF funding priority “KORA, Retention and degradation 

processes to reduce contaminants in 

groundwater and soil” thematic network 3, chemical 

industry, metal processing. 

The volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated 

site “Perleberg”, Northern Germany is considered as 

example to identify the processes and the environmental 

conditions, which control and limit a complete 

reductive dechlorination of the chlorinated ethenes 

in the aquifer. In laboratory experiments (microcosm 

studies, column experiments with undisturbed aquifer 

samples under conditions close to those in-situ) 

as well as in the field the spreading of the dechlorinating 

bacteria and the dechlorinating processes are to 

be determined in association with the environmental 

conditions. 

Dechlororespiration for remediation of groundwater 

Biology BIO 



(BMBF) 


1. Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Institut 

für Agrarökologie, „FAL”, Projektleiter Dr. C. 

Tebbe 

2. Brandenburgische Bodengesellschaft für Grundstücksverwaltung 

und –verwertung mbH, Projektleiterin 

Dipl.-Ing. M. Freygang 

Duration: 

07/2002 - 10/2006 

Contact: 

Dr. rer.nat. Heidrun Scholz-Muramatsu 

Schema of reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorethene 

115


In-situ ultrasound cleaning for small membrane 

systems in drinking water treatment 

The objective of this study was the development of a 

new process for the in-situ cleaning of fouled membranes 

in drinking water treatment systems with the help 

of ultrasound. The application of this method could reduce 

chemical cleaning and be suitable for small decentralized 

drinking water treatment units. 

Occurrence of membrane fouling due to organic and 

inorganic pollutants generally results in decreasing 

membrane performance combined with increasing 

resistance. For conventional cleaning processes the 

membrane operation has to be interrupted, chemicals 

are added and large amounts of water are used for 

backwashing. This is not acceptable for small decentralized 

treatment units. 

In this study different combinations of ultrasound 

cleaning and membrane filtration were examined. Flat 

membranes as well as tubular membranes were applied. 

The system, which appeared to be best suitable 

for upscaling, was used for the development of an 

ultrafiltration module with ultrasound in a „functional 

model“ and tested in long-term experiments in comparison 

with a reference module without ultrasound. 

This concept was realized and tested both with ceramic 

and polymer membranes. These experiments resulted 

in an ultrasound enhanced backwashing ultrafiltration 

process. However in all experiments with ceramic 

membranes damages on the membrane surfaces were 

observed, which were due to the effect of ultrasonic 

cavitation. 

An automated membrane cleaning by means of ultrasound 

appears feasible and could be used in an autarkic 

operating, decentralized small membrane system. 

However the destructive cavitation effects of the ultrasound 

have to be avoided. 

To overcome these problems different possibilities 

were examined theoretically and practically, e.g. higher 

fre-quencies of the ultrasound and protection of the 

ceramic layers by coatings. However such solutions 

would not be marketable due to high costs, despite 

partial successful results. 

With this study a basis for optimization approaches is 

available for future product developments. 

116 

Semi-technical pilot plant for long-term experiments 

with the ultrasound membrane module 


German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology 

(“InnoNet”) 


1.Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energie Systeme, 

Freiburg 

2.Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH, Höchstädt/ 

Donau 

3.Dr. Hielscher GmbH, Berlin 

4.ItN Nanovation GmbH, Saarbrücken 

5.Biofilm Center Universität Duisburg-Essen 

Duration: 

07/2003 – 12/2006 

Contact: 

Dr. Angela Boley 

Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller

Joint project: Development of Novel Processes 

for Simultaneous Elimination of Organic Pollutants 

and Nitrate from Drinking Water by Means 

of Biodegradable Solid Substrates 

Even with many legislative regulations not everywhere 

efforts have been successful to diminish concentrations 

of Nitrate and Pesticides in groundwater. The aim 

of this project is the development of a simple and costeffective 

combined process which allows not only the 

biological removal of Nitrate but also Pesticides. In this 

technology we use biodegradable polymers (BDP) as 

substrates for the heterotrophic denitrification process, 

e.g. PHB (Poly-Hydroxy-Butyric Acid) or PCL (Poly-ε- 

Caprolactone). The water insoluble polymer granules 

act as growth surface for microorganisms and at the 

same time as organic substrate which can be activated 

via bacterial exoenzymes and on this way being used 

for denitrification. In addition the polymers perform as 

sorbents for the dissolved organic contaminants, e.g. 

pesticides. 

In the scope of the project different technical realizations 

in form of reactor configurations and reactor types 

are being examined. The performance of different 

available biodegradable polymers is tested in advance 

with long term biological test processes thus complementing 

the pilot testing with semi-technical reactors. 

As this process is aimed to be applied in drinking water 

treatment all aspects of the use of BDPs shall be examined. 

This means between others the examination 

of the „leachate“ products of the biodegradable polymers, 

the products which occur during the anoxic bi- 

Pilot plant for the denitrification and pesticide removal with biodegradable polymers 

„Dynasand-Reactor“ (Nordic Water) 

Biology BIO 

odegradation step and of course also the examination 

of the biocenosis in the reactors. A check of potentially 

pathogenic bacteria will be carried out. 

A long-term objective of the project is the authorization 

of polymers according to the „List of Treatment 

Substances and Disinfection Processes“ as per § 11 of 

the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV 2001) 

and the treatment processes connected with. This List 

is maintained at the Federal Environment Agency on 

behalf of the Federal Ministry of Health, Berlin. 


Projektträger: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe - Bereich 

Wassertechnologie und Entsorgung 

Representing the German Ministry of Education and 

Research (BMBF) 


1. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZKA) 

2. Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe (TZW) 

3. Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Institut, 

Lehrstuhl für Wasserchemie(UKA) 

4. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 

(MLU) 

5. Firma Nordic Water GmbH 

6. Firma Formtechnik in Südbaden GmbH & Co. KG 

7. Tsinghua University, Institute for Nuclear Energy 

Technology Beijing 

Duration: 

10/2006 - 09/2009 

Contact: 



Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kieninger 

„Roto-Bio-Reactor“ (Formtechnik in Südbaden) 

117


Woche der Umwelt 2007, Schloss Bellevue, 

Berlin 

The „Woche der Umwelt“ („Week of Environment“) has 

been organized for the third time by the German Foundation 

Environment DBU (Deutsche Bundesstiftung 

Umwelt) under the patronage of the German President 

Horst Köhler. 

A steering committee selected promising projects in 

the area Environmental Technology, Climate Protection, 

Water Pollution Control and Soil Conservation to 

be presented. 

Our exhibit was particular in that sense that we presented 

a biologically fully active pilot, in which we demonstrated 

the use of a biodegradable polymer PCL 

(= Poly-ε-Caprolactone) for denitrification purposes 

(biological Nitrate Elimination) in water treatment, see 

Scheme. 

The water is pumped from the complete mixed tank 

via a UV-spectrometer unit into the fixed bed reactor 

with PCL-granules. Nitrate is reduced via Nitrite to Nitrogen 

gas. In addition carbon dioxide and biomass is 

formed, the pH will increase. 

Scheme of a Pilot „ISWA-Denitrification Unit” in Batch Operation Mode 

118 

The effluent of the fixed bed reactor is conducted 

through a 2nd spectrometer back to the complete 

mixed tank. With the flow rate and the difference of 

concentrations measured by the spectrometers the 

volumetric denitrification performance of the reactor 

can be determined. 

In order to provide the Nitrate consumed, a HNO - 3 

solution is dosed via a pH-control unit. The complete 

mixed tank has to be aerated to remove the CO pro- 2 

duced. 


Financial means of the Institute, within the project 

of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research 

(BMBF, Berlin), see above 

Contact: 



Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller


An overview of the techniques to clean membranes 

used in micro- and ultrafiltration for drinking 

and wastewater treatment. 

Kenan Güney (WAREM) (2006) 

Tutor: Dr. Angela Boley 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 


Comparative study of ultrasonic cleaning method 

on microfiltration / ultrafiltration membranes. 

Kumar Narasimhan (WASTE) (2006) 




Theoretical and experimental simulation of the 

production of NO -, N O and N in the denitrifica- 

2 2 2 

tion process with the use of a new device for the 

determination of N O and CO . 

2 2 

Ghulam Murshid (WASTE) (2007) 

Tutors: Dr. Angela Boley, Irene Frommert 



Aspects of the use of the zeolite clinoptilolite for 

ammonia removal in the treatment of polluted 

groundwater recovery. 

Ceren Balkanay (WASTE) (2007) 

Tutor: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller, Irene Frommert 



Aspects of PHB-production in a WWTP with raw 

WW and activated sludge. 

Iosif Mariakakis (WASTE) (2007) 

Tutors: Irene Frommert, Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 



Study on a new approach for denitrification with 

solid substrates. 

Eva Mia Siska, (WAREM) (2006) 


Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger, 


Master Thesis 

Biology BIO 

Study on a new process with a solid substrate as 

a carbon source for denitrification. 

Pongtawat Wattana (WASTE) (2007) 




Master Thesis 

A general research on ultrasonic cleaning of ceramic 

and polymer membranes. 

Kumar Narasimhan (WASTE) (2007) 


Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller, 


Master Thesis 

Analytical determination and characterization of 

potential metabolites generated by the biodegradation 

of Poly(ε-caprolactone) under denitrifying 

conditions. 

Jennifer Schmeier, (WASTE) ( 2007) 

Tutors: Dr. Angela Boley, Dr. Bertram Kuch 



Master Thesis 

Remediation of an existing groundwater purification 

plant to guarantee the ammonia-elimination 

Wengchen Yan (Umweltschutztechnik) (2007) 

Tutor: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 

Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel, 



119


Co-Supervision Diploma- und Master Thesis 

An evaluation into the performance of an anaerobic 

reactor from a wastewater treatment plant 

in Knittlingen. 

Erika Lothes (WAREM) (2007) 

Tutors: Dipl.-Ing. Marius Mohr, Dr.-Ing. Werner Sternad, 

Fraunhofer Institut für Grenzflaechen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Herwig Brunner, Dr.-Ing. 

Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 

Master Thesis 

An evaluation of high load anaerobic digestion 

of primary sludge produced in a semi-centralized 

wastewater treatment plant in relation with the 

concept DEUS 21. 

Ceren Balkanay (WASTE) (2007) 

Tutors: Dipl.-Ing. Marius Mohr, Dr.-Ing. Werner Sternad, 

Fraunhofer Institut für Grenzflaechen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Herwig Brunner, 


Master Thesis 

Co-Report Ph.D. Thesis 

Développement de nouvelles techniques de détermination 

des pesticides et contribution à la 

réduction de leur impact sur les eaux par utilisation 

des Substances Organiques Naturelles 

(S.O.N.) 

Hicham EL BAKOURI, Thèse de Doctorat, 21.01.2006 

Département de Génie Chimique de la Faculté des Sciences 

et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, 

Tanger (Maroc). 

Président de Jury: Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 

Co-Report Ph.D. Thesis 

120 

The influence of microbial processes on the H2content 

and the highly volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon 

compounds in Fe0-Reaction sheet pile 

walls. 

Christina Melanie Haberer (Umweltschutztechnik) 

(2007) 

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Karl-Heinrich Engesser, 

Dr. Andreas Tiehm, DVGW Technologiezentrum 

Wasser, Karlsruhe, Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller 

Diploma Thesis

Contact 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711 685 65411 

Fax: ++49 (0)711 685 63729 

E-Mail: W-R.Mueller@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Dr. rer. nat. Angela Boley 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711 685 65441 

Fax: ++49 (0)711 685 63729 

E-Mail: Angela.Boley@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Dr. rer. nat. Heidrun Scholz-Muramatsu 

Tel.: ++49 (0)711 685 65474 

Fax: ++49 (0)711 685 63729 

E-Mail: Scholz-Muramatsu@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 


Tel.: ++49 (0)711 685 63733 

Fax: ++49 (0)711 685 63729 

E-Mail: Martin.Kieninger@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

Biology BIO 

121


Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and 

Education 

The facilities of the LFKW play an important part in the traditionally practice-oriented education at our institute. 

Within the scope of practical training measures, the assistance in research projects and working on Master’s theses, 

the students are provided with plenty of opportunities to become familiar with the details of the equipment 

and the operation of a highly mechanized sewage treatment plant. 

The LFKW is operated under real conditions: its primary task is the purification of the wastewater from the univer- 

sity campus in Stuttgart-Vaihingen and from the nearby Büsnau district of which the total daily volume is about 

2.000 cubic metres. In order to comply with the strong official discharge regulations and to provide opportunities 

for research at the same time, the LFKW has a multitrack purification system: all process steps required for advanced 

wastewater treatment consist of at least two parallel units. In this way separate plant components can 

be used at any time for fullscale research, independent of the other units and without any adverse effects on 

the quality of the final effluent. Additional experimental areas inside and outside of a large two-storey hall offer 

a wide variety of options for research work and individually contracted investigations on a semi-technical scale. 

The LFKW also offers its services to technical companies, operators of municipal environmental facilities and 

engineer’s offices: from the testing of measuring devices, chemical aids etc. under practical conditions through 

the manufacturing of laboratory test equipment to the leasing of complete pilot plants for the treatment of wastewater, 

sludge and exhaust air. 

122

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW 

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Contact 

Dr.-Ing. Manfred Roth 

Tel: ++49 (0)711/685-63724 

Fax:++49 (0)711/685-67637 

E-Mail: manfred.roth@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de 

137

Imprint 

Publisher: 

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and 




Germany 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/index.en.html 

Cover: 

Solutioncube GmbH 

Conception: 

Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß 

M.A. Constanze Sanwald 

© 2008 

138

Chair of Sanitary Engineering 

and Water Quality Management 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63711 

Water Quality Management and 

Water Supply | WGW 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65423 

Industrial Water and Wastewater 

Technology | IWT 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65417 

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and 

Waterrecycling 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63723 

Wastewater Technology | AWT 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65420 

Chair of Waste Management and 

Emissions 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65500 


Biological Air Purification | ALR 

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Heinrich 

Engesser . Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63734 

Solid Waste | SIA 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65427 

Hazardous Waste and 

Contaminated Sites | SOA 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65438 

Measuring in Air Pollution 

Control | TAL 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65416 

Chair of Hydrochemistry and 

Hydrobiology 

Hydrochemistry | CH 

o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. 

Metzger . Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63721 

Biology | BIO 


Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-65411 

Sewage Treatment Plant for 

Research and Education | LFKW 

Dr.-Ing. Manfred Roth 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63724 

Administrative Office 

Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Mollweide 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63713 



Germany 

Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-63711 

Fax: ++49 (0) 711/685-63729 

www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste ...

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