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Kanch~Vol. 6 • No. 1 • October-December 2012www.aigmf.comQuarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federationwww.hngil.com

Avoiding bottlenecks inglass production Powder is our business R&D the foundation Cost-effective solutions the focusPlasma Transferred Arc (PTA) welding increases the service life of moulds in hollow glass manufacturingwith 3-10 times when properly overlaid. Moreover, it reduces the frequency of repair and the need for newreplacement parts.Höganäs has many years of experience supporting customers to achieve cost savings and productionefficiency by providing high-quality metal powders for powder welding, flame spraying, HVOF, plasma andPTA with full technical support.www.hoganasthermalspray.com | info@hoganasthermalspray.com

President S C BANSALSr. Vice President SANJAY GANJOOVice President ARUN KUMAR DHony. General Secretary AJIT JHUNJHUNWALAHony. Treasurer BHARAT SOMANYMember Editorial BoardDr. A K BandyopadhyayEx-Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, KolkataDr. Devendra KumarProfessor, Department of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)Mr. K K SharmaVice President, NIGMA and Plant Head, HNG NeemranaAiGmf Member AssociationsUP GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ SYNDICATE (UPGMS)c/o General TradersA-10, Industrial Estate, Firozabad - 283203 (UP)President - Mohan Lal Agrawal1 st Vice President - Raj Kumar Mittal2 nd Vice President - Dharmendra Mohan GuptaHon. Secretary - Sanjay AgrawalJt. Secretary - Munna Lal JainTreasurer- Deepak GuptaNORTHERN INDIAGLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA)c/o UNIVERSAL GLASS (A division of Jagatjit Industries Limited)Plot No. 17, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-201010 (UP)President - S C VishwakarmaVice President - K K SharmaSecretary & Treasurer - Jayaprakasan P K (c/o AIGMF)SOUTH INDIAGLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA)c/o AGI glaspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.)Glass Factory Road, Off Motinagar,P B No. 1930, Sanathnagar, PO Hyderabad - 500018President - Sandip SomanyVice President - Arvind NandgopalHon. Secretary - Prashant SomaniWESTERN INDIAGLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (WIGMA)c/o Pragati Glass Works (P) Ltd.111, Damji Shamji IndustrialComplex, 9, LBS Marg,Kurla (W), Mumbai - 400 070President - H R BhandariHon. Secretary - G K SardaEASTERN INDIAGLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA)c/o Ashoke Enamel & Glass Works (P) Ltd.34-A, Metcalfe Street, 1 st Floor,Kolkata - 700013President - Sushil JhunjhunwalaSecretary - Dinesh JhunjhunwalaQuarterly Journal of glass industry, published & printedby Secretary, Manohar Lal on behalf of the All India GlassManufacturers’ Federation from 812, New Delhi House,27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi – 110 001Tel: +91 11 23316507 E-mail : info@aigmf.com and printedat New United Process, A-26, Ph-II, Naraina Indl. Area, NewDelhi 110028, Tel: +91 11 25892512; nup1972@gmail.comEditor MOHAN LALVANIPrice (Excluding Bank Charges):Indian Companies : ` 125 per CopyAnnual Subscription ` 450Foreign Companies : US$ 25 per CopyAnnual Subscription US$ 80~www.aigmf.comQuarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATIONVol. 6, No. 1, October-December, 2012ContentsFrom President’s Desk 5About The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation 6Glass News India 7AIGMF Executive Committee Meet &Seminar on Burner Design, Operations, Waste HeatRecovery Solutions, Cluster Development and ExportPromotion for Glass IndustryAdvanced Burner System Innovation 14Advertise in KANCH 16AIGMF at glasstec 2012 171 st Global Container Glass Meet 24Dr. Devendra Kumar, Professor, Department of CeramicEngineering, Indian Institute of Technology, (BanarasHindu University) visit to Firozabad, UP (INDIA)GM Glass Works No. 2- A Company Profile (Hindi) 29New Members 31f |glass -Setting Industry Standards 3510 th Edition of Green Building Congress 2012 39Glasspex India 2013 44Safety Glass Experts: How to Improve Lamination ProcessPerformanceShaping Special Glass Components and the Uses of Carbon 55Trade Associations: An Antitrust Challenge 59CeraGlass India 2012 63Securing A Bright Future for Glass Packaging 67Vitreous Silica and its Various Properties 71Considering Batch Preheating for Float Furnaces 75Glass News Worldwide 79Membership of AIGMF 82List of Advertisers 82112649www.glassworldwide.co.ukKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 20123

Now Available on discount for a limited periodContact AIGMF Secretariat:The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation812, New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi - 110 001INDIAT: +91 11 2331 6507 F: +91 11 2335 0357 E: info@aigmf.com

www.aigmf.comFrom President’s DeskThrough the medium of Kanch, I willlike to convey my thanks to membersof AIGMF for electing me as Presidentof the Federation in AGM held on 29 thSeptember, 2012. I will put in my bestto lift image of the AIGMF to furtherheights, with the help and cooperationof all.This issue of Kanch contains CompanyProfile of GM Glass Works No. 2,Firozabad (Uttar Pradesh, INDIA). This is a good beginning and I hopethat it will become a regular feature in Kanch. The journal has now beenregistered as a bi-lingual (English & Hindi).AIGMF participated in glasstec, Dusseldorf GmbH, October 23-26, IndianGreen Building Congress (IGBC), Hyderabad, October 30-Nov 01 andCeraGlass India, Jaipur, December 15-18, 2012.Glass being an energy intensive industry members are always anxious toknow ways and means of conserving energy. With this in view AIGMForganized presentations on Innovations in Burner Design and Operations,by Mr. Petr Vojtech, Managing Director, Flamma Tec spolsro, Vsetin,Czech Republic and Waste Heat Recovery Solutions, by Mr. Sanjay B K,Siemens Ltd., Industrial Automation Division, India. A presentation wasalso made on Cluster Development by Mr. Pradeep Kumar, PrincipalDirector, Centre for Development of Glass Industry, Firozabad.Dr. Devendra Kumar, Professor, Department of Ceramic Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University visitedFirozabad in December, 2012 for interaction with industry representativesand to establish a relationship between academicians and entrepreneursin glass industry.My best wishes to all readers for Happy & Prosperous New Year 2013on behalf of myself as also other office bearers, members and staff of theAIGMF.S C BansalPresidentand Managing Director, Adarsh Kanch Udyog Pvt. Ltd./Advance Lamp Component & Table Wares Pvt. Ltd, Firozabad (UP)Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 20125

About The All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationThe All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation was founded in 1944. The Federation is made up offive Regional Associations viz. Western India Glass Manufacturers' Association-Mumbai, EasternIndia Glass Manufacturers' Association-Kolkata, U.P. Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate-Firozabad,Northern India Glass Manufacturers' Association-Sahibabad, Ghaziabad (UP) and South India GlassManufacturers' Association-Hyderabad. The Federation was incorporated under the Companies Act,1956 (No. 1 of 1956) as a Limited Company on 15-6-1970. The main aims & objects of the Federationare:-a) To encourage, promote and develop the manufacture of glass articles of all kinds and to safeguardand protect the interests of glass industry and glassware business in India.b) To form a common link amongst Glass Manufacturers' in India and thus develop a spirit of mutualhelp and co-operation with one another.c) To promote the study and research in Glass Technology.d) To consider all matters relating to the manufacture and marketing of glass articles in India and thequestion of export and import thereof.e) To devise ways and means for securing necessary supply of raw materials required for themanufacture of glass articles at comparatively lower prices and thus to decrease the cost ofproduction and increase the national wealth.f) To collect necessary information and data and propagate it for the benefit of Glass Industry andtrade in India.g) To make representations whenever necessary to the Union Govt. or any unit of the Union of Indiafor the removal of difficulties that might hamper the trade of glass articles or for grant of specialfacilities for the Glass Industry.h) To draw Government or public attention to the difficulties in the way of Glass Industry andto solve other problems confronting it and to solicit their help and support through concertedaction.i) To organise a united front on behalf of all glass manufacturers and thus strive to gain allthose advantages which may not be possible through individual effort.All those engaged in the manufacture of glass and glass articles are enrolled as ‘Ordinary’ membersof the AIGMF and those associated with the Glass Industry are enrolled as ‘Affiliate’ members of theFederation.Almost all glass manufacturers including many in the small Scale Sector are ‘Ordinary’ membersof the Federation. Articles of Association of the AIGMF were amended in September 1992 to enrollforeign companies as Affiliate Members of the Federation.Manohar LalSecretary AIGMF6 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comGlass NewsindiaHNG awarded with National Energy Conservation Award 2012Hindusthan National Glass (HNG) was conferred with the National Energy Conservation Award - 2012 bythe Ministry of Power on December 14, 2012.C. K. Somany, Chairman, HNG, received the prize from the Honourable President of India (PranabMukherjee), in the presence of Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, Minister of State for Power.Liquor sale in sachets banned in GoaThe state government has banned the sale of liquor-Indian made foreign liquor and country liquor-in sachetsand pouches in Goa.A recent notification by the finance department noted that the easy availability of liquor (IMFL/CL) in sachetsand pouches and their uncontrolled sale has lured students to experiment with liquor which has created anegative impact and tension in society.Transweigh India is now a full member of the FLSmidth familyFLSmidth has acquired 100% of the shareholding in the Indian company Transweigh India Limited, acompany in which FLSmidth has until now been a minority shareholder.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 20127

Hindusthan National Glass &Industries Ltd. and Siemens agreeconstruction of heat recoveryplantAt the international trade fair glasstec 2012,Hindusthan National Glass & Industries Ltd. (HNG)and the Siemens Industry Automation Divisionsigned a letter of intent on the construction of anindustrial waste heat recovery plant in the HNGGlobal GmbH glass works in Gardelegen (SaxonyAnhalt).The existing production plant has beenautomated using the Simatic PCS 7 processcontrol system. The planned new waste heatrecovery plant will be additionally integratedinto the existing PCS 7 system. The aim is tosignificantly improve the energy and plantefficiency of the container glass factory andto drive down the factory’s environmentalimpact and energy costs. Hindusthan NationalGlass & Industries Ltd., and Siemens are alsoplanning the construction of additional wasteheat recovery plants in India.GAIL’s nod for natural gas connectionfor ceramic and glass zoneRIICO’s (The Rajasthan State IndustrialDevelopment & Investment Corporation Ltd.)efforts to set up a ceramic and glass zone at Ghilotin Alwar got a fillip with the Gas Authority of IndiaLtd (GAIL) agreeing to provide natural gas linkageto the project. The announcement came duringthe CeraGlass-2012 conference, jointly organizedby RIICO, Confederation of Indian Industry andIndian Ceramic Society.Naveen Mahajan, Managing Director, RIICO,informed that “As Rajasthan is the producer ofbasic minerals for the ceramic and glass industry,the state government will build a state-of-the-artceramic and glass hub at Ghilot and would attractinvestments from both national and internationalplayers.”AIGMF and Glass Worldwidereaffirm exclusive partnershipThe All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation(AIGMF) is pleased to inform readers that GlassWorldwide, the preferred international journalin association with KANCH is now the onlyinternational journal to have this position.The Publishing and Events team at ChameleonBusiness Media, publisher of Glass Worldwide,said: “It is an honour for a prestigious organisationlike the AIGMF to confirm that Glass Worldwidewill act as their only preferred journal, in associationwith Kanch. We look forward to continuing towork closely with the AIGMF and their membersfor mutual benefit, and are very excited by theopportunities ahead.”Interested parties can subscribe to Kanch byvisiting www.aigmf.com Online subscriptionto Glass Worldwide is also available at www.glassworldwide.co.ukIn addition, Glass Worldwide has been appointedofficial international journal of the 10 th AIGMFtechnical conference that will focus on ‘ManagingSustainable Growth’. The conference will take placeduring GLASSPEX India 2013 on 20-22 March 2013in Mumbai.(Glass News Source: World Wide Web)Veteran Glass Industrialist turns 90Greetings to Mr. Balkrishan Gupta, a veteran glass industrialist fromFirozabad (UP, India) Glass city of India- President AIGMF (1983-84), oncompleting 90 years of a healthy living.8 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comWINDOW OFOPPORTUNITYRajasthan State Industrial Development & Investment Corporation Ltd.Udyog Bhawan, Tilak Marg, Jaipur - 302005, Rajasthan, INDIAPhone : 91-141-5113201 (5 lines) | Fax : 91-141-5104804 | Email : riico@riico.co.inBureau of Investment PromotionPhone : 91-141- 2227274 | Fax : 91-141 -2227506 | Email : bip.raj@nic.inKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 20129

sUp to 25%reduced operatingcost through Plant-wideIntegrated SolutionsUp to 50%shorter time to marketthanks to virtual planningand commissioningRead the QRcode with theQR code readerin your mobile!Making potentials visibleProfitability in productionwww.siemens.com/glass-solar-industryPlant-wide Integrated Solutions for theglass & solar industryIn the glass & solar industry, factories need to operate at thehighest level of productivity in order to remain profitablethroughout their entire life cycle. Products have to bebrought to market in a short time to meet the demand ofthe industry. Key to this is to identify and unleash a plant’sentire potential.Siemens’ Plant-wide Integrated Solutions contributenoticeably to sustainable business success. Standardizedhardware and software based on Totally IntegratedAutomation reduce engineering effort as well as interfaces.Advanced Process Control helps improve the output of yourplant as well as the quality of the products. TotallyIntegrated Power, energy-efficient drive technology, and therecycling of waste heat make a real difference when itcomes to minimizing energy consumption. SiemensIndustry Software supports the design of innovativeproducts and highly efficient production lines. Thecomprehensive approach of our Plant-wide IntegratedSolutions helps you shorten the time to market and improveyour plant’s productivity.For more details mail to: gs.india@siemens.com10 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012Answers for industry.

www.aigmf.comExecutive Committee Meet&Seminar on Burner Design, Operations, Waste HeatRecovery Solutions, Cluster Development and ExportPromotion for Glass IndustryDecember 15, 2012, Firozabad (Uttar Pradesh, India)Last quarterly meeting of ExecutiveCommittee of the AIGMF for the year2012 was organised at the lawns ofOm Glass Works Pvt. Ltd., Firozabadwith the support of UP GlassManufacturers’ Syndicate (UPGMS).A visit to bangle manufacturingunits was organized for AIGMFmembers before the start of day longprogramme.A Seminar on Burner Design,Operations and Waste Heat RecoverySolutions for Glass Industry precededthe Executive Committee meeting onDecember 15 at Firozabad.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201211

More than 60 participants from glass companies/consultants participated in the Seminar.Mr. Petr Vojtech, Managing Director, Flamma Tecspol sro, Vsetin, Czech Republic gave a presentationon Innovations in Burner Design and Operations.Article of Mr. Vojtech on advanced burner systemat page 14.Mr. Sanjay B K of Siemens Ltd, IndustrialAutomation Division, India spoke about WasteHeat Recovery Solutions, Innovative waste heatrecovery against rising energy costs and forenvironmental protection.12 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comA presentation on cluster development and exportpromotion for glass Industry was also given by Mr.Pradeep Kumar, Director, MSME - DevelopmentInstitute, Agra (Ministry of Micro, Small andMedium Enterprises). MSME presentation focusedon how clusters are developed, admissibleactivities for Government of India grant/support, infrastructure development,implementing agencies, etc.Complete Presentations can bedownloaded from http://www.aigmf.com/past-events.php#15A variety of glass products manufacturedin Firozabad were displayed in thelawns of Om Glass Works with Artisansworking live for manufacturing toys etc.A luncheon reception was hosted by OmGlass Works with Live Music performanceproviding soothing effect to all.Addressing the audience Mr. BalkrishanGupta and Mr. C K Somany emphasizedthe importance of mutual cooperation inrunning of the Federation and expressed the hopethat fraternity will continue to flourish. PresidentAIGMF thanked Mr. Pradeep Gupta, Om GlassWorks Pvt. Ltd., Firozabad for making excellentarrangements for the meeting and the Seminar,which were highly appreciated by all.Mr. C.K. Somany, Chairman, HNGIL talking to representatives of Messe Dusseldorf India duing Firozabad eventsIntroduction of Company Profile in KANCH~KanchA special feature – Company profile has been introduced in Kanch. This will contain an interviewof Managing Director/Proprietor of the company or their nominee by an expert and will bepublished in KANCH along with photograph of the person interviewed as also the factory.For availing this offer on first-come-first serve basis please send mail to info@aigmf.comKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201213

TECHNOLOGY > meltingAdvanced burnersystem innovationPetr Vojtech presents an advanced burner system with highly adjustableflame controls that has been proved as a successful next step in naturalgas-air combustion systems.Prevailing economic and environmental concernshave created growing interest in the use of naturalgas for glass melting furnaces. It is well-known thatthe control of flame shape, its radiation and NOxproduction requires an advanced level of furnace portdesign. Burner design, burner operation, practice andconversion from oil combustion are also important.The FlammaTec Flex advanced burner system, withhighly adjustable flame controls, has now been proved as asuccessful next step in natural gas-air combustion systems.FlammaTec was founded in 2006 as a subsidiary ofGlass Service (Czech Republic) and STG (Germany). Thereason behind the creation of this company was a growingdemand for combustion systems that are able to achievereduced energy consumption and lower NOx levels in glassmelting processes using natural gas as the primary fuel.The first burners were installed in 2007, following aperiod of development using mathematical simulationalong with previous practical knowledge, experienceand a theoretical background of combustion processesin industrial furnaces. The main difference between theFlammaTec concept and existing systems is the use oftwo totally independent gas streams into one burner body;one stream is used for an inner gas nozzle, the second fora burner outer tip.DUAL GAS INJECTOR BURNERSThe dual gas injector burner concept has been known sincethe 1960s and involves two concentric pipes, with twoseparate gas streams. The technology has been used bythe Czech glass manufacturer SkloUnion since 1970. Theconstruction was simple, without any form of optimizationand required two gas inlets with different pressures.Another generation of twin gas stream burners wasintroduced during the 1990s. These burners had only one gasinlet, with the two gas streams separated inside the burner.The common feature of all of these burners is that theExample of melting process optimisationusing of mathematical simulation for a container furnace.Previous burners FT burners Improvement %End-fired furnace, tablewareTotal energy consumption Nm3/h 648 612.3 5.51Specific energy consumption MJ/tonne 5209 4922 5.51NOx level not measured not measuredEnd-fired furnace, containerEnergy consumption Nm3/hby natural gas 1005 963 4.18Specific energy consumption MJ/tonne 3.66 3.54 3.28NOx level 920 650 29.35End fired furnace, tablewareTotal energy consumption Nm3/h 543 514 5.34Specific energy consumption MJ/tonne 5135 4861 5.34NOx level 2375 1625 31.58Table 1: Practical results following a conversion from conventional burners to FlammaTec burners.Temperature profile, longitudinal section.gas enters the burner by only onepipe, with the second gas streamseparated inside the burner.FlammaTec utilises a completetwo gas stream concept, with thefollowing advanced features:Two completely separate gasflows, control and measurement.Adjustable burner nozzle.Optimised burner tip, usingadvanced computer simulation.Precise flame control andoptimisation of the turbulence withinthe flame resulted in a highly radiativeflame, producing low NOx levels.Table 1 presents some practicalresults, achieved after hot conversionfrom conventional burners toFlammaTec burners.CONCLUSIONThe flame is easy to tune from ashort turbulent shape to a long lowturbulent shape and highly luminousflame. In addition, a highly luminousand stable flame is achieved. Batchmelting was enhanced after changingto FlammaTec burners, creatingshorter batch piles. Furthermore,bottom temperatures were visiblyincreased, allowing glass qualityimprovements and a fuel reduction.The practical results fullyconfirmed the expected benefits andalmost one hundred furnaces arenow fired with FlammaTec burnersworldwide.ABOUT THE AUTHOR:Petr Vojtech is Managing Directorof FlammaTecFURTHER INFORMATION:FlammaTec spol sro, Vsetin,Czech Republictel: +420 571 498 566email: info@flammatec.comweb: www.flammatec.comOriginally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF14 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012GW43 Sep-Oct 2012.indd 134 14/12/2012 19:13

WE ARE GLASS PEOPLEwww.aigmf.comGLOBAL ACCEPTANCEWORLD’S BIGGEST BREWERSINSIST ON HEYE PROCESS CONTROLHigh performance equipment for Hot EndIS Machines, ware handling, from feeder to stackerAssortment production for more flexibilityNNPB lightweight standard set by Heye InternationalIntegrated solutions combining equipment and forming expertisewww.heye-international.comKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201215

Kanch~Advertise in KANCHAdvertisement Tariff:is the leading choice for advertisingin the glass and related industries. Withseveral years publishing experience,unrivalled coverage for the worldwideglass manufacturing community withup-to-date news, editorial and features,as well exhibitions; KANCH is thebest medium to communicate withstakeholdersWe understand your needs as anindustry and are committed to assistyou in making your advertising mostprofitable. This also popularisesyour brand and product portfolioby establishing contacts to suit yourcompany’s requirements.Good quality advertisement material inhigh resolution along with a DemandDraft / Cheque of the requisiteamount – payable to ‘The All IndiaGlass Manufacturers’ Federation’ atNew Delhi may be sent to SecretaryAIGMF at the registered office of theFederation.It would be ideal if you could sendyour advertisement in PDF highresolution format (with auto enablede-mail ID / website address, if any)helping readers to reach you directlyon a single click in KANCH’s e-version/ AIGMF website.IndianCompanies(`)ForeignCompanies(US$)Ordinary full page 8000 450Extra Inside Cover Page 9000 500Inside Cover Page 10000 525Back Cover Page 20000 700Front Cover Page 25000 1000Centerspread (two pages) 20000 900Half Page 5000 300The print area is 21 x 30 cm for full page advertisement and21.5 x 21.5 cm for the glossy front-cover four colour advertisementJan-Mar 2013 issue ofA complimentary copy of KANCHalong with the invoice will be sent to alladvertisers. Those wanting more thanone copy are requested to send theirrequest in advance.For convenience, payment can also beremitted through wire transfer. Ourbank details are as under:Remittance from abroad to:Bank of Baroda, New York, SWIFT BIC :BARBUS33, FEDWIRE/ROUTINGNUMBER:026 005 322, giving full particulars ofBeneficiary i.e.Account No. : 05860400000062Name : The All India GlassManufacturers’FederationBank : Bank of BarodaBranch : Parliament StreetCity : New Delhi, IndiaPayment Instruction Message i.e. MT - 103is to be sent to Bank of Baroda, IBB, NewDelhi, SWIFT BIC - BARBINBBPARRemittance from India to:(deposit cash or make NEFT- onlinepayment)Account No. : 000701239715Name : The All India GlassManufacturers’FederationBank : ICICI Bank LimitedBranch : 9A, Phelps Building,Connaught Place,New DelhiIFSC Code : ICIC0000007A copy of bank advice may please be sent to AIGMFSecretariat for reconciliation.Kanch~KanchA special issue of Kanch for the quarter Jan-Mar 2013 will be widely distributed duringGlasspexIndia 2013.To know advertisement tariff and space availability send mail to info@aigmf.comlatest by Feb 15, 2013.

www.aigmf.comatglasstec 2012 exhibition, held from Oct 23-26 in Düsseldorf, Germany, was visited by about43,000 visitors to view products and services displayed by 1,162 exhibitors from 54 countriesrepresenting all segments of the glass industry in around 60,000 sq. ft. of exhibition area.AIGMF participated in the exhibition glasstec 2012 wherein stall No. 12C23 was allocated by Messe DusseldorfGmbH. A few AIGMF members also had stalls in the exhibition.Visitors from fields of mechanical engineering, industry, skilled trades, architects/ (facade) planners as wellas the solar sector were appreciative of the show and their ratings in terms of achieving visiting goals and thequality of the trade fair range were excellent. Thus glasstec, Dusseldorf becomes one of the world’s leadingtrade fairs with a constantly high number of international visitors accounting for well over half of the audience.Also continuing at the highest level is the proportion of visitors from mid to top management who account forover two-thirds of glasstec attendees.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201217

at“Exhibitors reported good activityamongst their customers. Thisshows that glasstec came at the righttime. This news does the sector goodand underlines the internationalimportance of the fair,” commentedHans Werner Reinhard, DeputyManaging Director at MesseDüsseldorf.Companies specially appreciativeof glasstec exhibition included:• Bohle AG• Bottero Glass Technologies• Bystronic Glass• Corning Incorporated• Grenzebach BSH GmbH• Guardian Industries• Lisec Maschinenbau GmbH• ZIPPE Industrieanlagen GmbHSuccessful SpecialShowsThe comprehensive supportingprogrammes at glasstec went downwell with visitors, specifically“glass technology live” which againattracted a great deal of interest. Thepractical products of the near anddistant future included a window

incorporated into glazing withoutany visible frame construction,bent but still stable glass, organic,building-integrated photovoltaicsas well as large-format façadeelements. The “glass technologylive” show was accompanied bya free symposium on a variety oftopics.The range of special shows wascomplemented by the Skilled TradesCenter “Zentrum Handwerk” –impressively demonstrating atits glass house the glass solutionsavailable from the skilled tradesfor and in the house – and by the“glass art” exhibition. Speciallydesigned for auto glass specialistswas the “Autoglass Arena” with itsinternational auto glass contest andthe German championship plus itscomprehensive, specialist plenarymeeting.Top-Flight ConferencesAimed at architects, civil engineersand related professions werethe “engineered transparency”conferences with its technical focuson glass construction technology andthe architects’ congress featuringinternationally renowned speakers.The next glasstec/solarpeq will beheld in October 2014.at

1 st Global Container Glass Meet- October 24glasstec 2012 provided an ideal platform forglobal associations to come together and work forcommon cause.AIGMF participated in the 1 st Global ContainerGlass Meeting organised by FEVE (FEVE is theassociation of European manufacturers of glasspackaging containers and machine-made glasstableware) at Deutsche Messe Board Room, MesseDusseldorf headquarters on October 24.Apart from European Container Associations (fromItaly, Austria, UK, France Belgium, Germany) themeeting was attended by ASEAN Federation ofGlass Manufacturers, Glass Packaging Institute,Brazilian Association and AIGMF to work oncommon areas, information sharing, etc.The meeting started with welcome address by FEVEPresident, Mr. Stefan Jaenecke. Mr. AlexanderMohr, Senior Public Affairs Manager of FEVEspoke on the need of global cooperation for glasspackaging industry. He invited representatives ofeach Association to briefly explain their activities.It was felt that such meets could be organisedannually/bi-annually wherein industry trends,possible cooperation and information sharingcould be discussed.24 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

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Dr. Devendra Kumar, Professor,Indian Institute of Technology,visit to Firozabad, UP (INDIA)To encourage closer interaction with academicians for promotionof research in Glass Technology with focus on development of glassindustry, AIGMF Secretariat visited Banaras Hindu University, Varanasiin July 2011.Since then fruitful discussions have been going on in the areas of GlassScience & Technology.Dr. Devendra Kumar, Professor, Department of Ceramic Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology, (Banaras Hindu University) was appointedon the editorial board of KANCH in 2011. Since then his contributionis noteworthy especially on industry articles in order to keep everyoneabreast of fast changing technological developments.As a step forward AIGMF organised Dr. Devendra Kumar’s, visit to Firozabadin December 2012 to strengthen and consolidate its academic tie up withglass industry.During his visit to Firozabad, Prof. Kumar had a meeting with AIGMFPresident, Mr. S C Bansal and Mr. Balkrishan Gupta, Chairman, AdvanceGroup of Industries, Firozabad.Dr. Kumar’s visit was organised for closer understanding of needs of theindustry. Redesigning the curriculum of the students to suit needs of theindustry were also discussed. Prof. Kumar also visited a couple of glassmanufacturing units.Discussions were held to organize suitable program involving academicians,students, industry experts at BHU, Varanasi in second half of 2013 on topicsrelating to production, quality control or any other area that the industrymay like to be looked into.Member/non-member companies who wish to develop closer linkageswith academic institutes including placement, etc., may send suggestions atinfo@aigmf.com and devendra.cer@iitbhu.ac.in

Department of Ceramic Engineering,(Banaras Hindu University)(December 2012)

28 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comGM Glass Works No. 2:(A Company Profile)vf[ky Hkkjrh; dk¡p mRiknd egkla?k ¼ The All India Glass Manufacutrer Federation½ vius la?k dks la?kfBrdjus rFkk dk¡p mRiknu o mi;ksx esa uohure izks|kSfxdh ds iz;ksx o mldh mikns;rk ds fy;s tkx#drk iSnk djus dsfy;s lrr~ iz;Ru'khy gSA AIGMF ds bl tkx#drk vfHk;ku esa mudh ^dk¡p KANCH* if=kdk vHkwriwoZ ;ksxnku nsjgh gSA bl if=kdk dk dysoj Hkh furuwru o ifjiDo gksrk tk jgk gSA AIGMF dks laxfBr djus rFkk ^dk¡p* if=kdk dksvUrjkf"Vª; ekun.M+ksa ij ykus ds lek;ksftr iz;kl Lo#i mUgksaus bl if=kdk ds izR;sd vad esa Company Profile 'kh"kZdds vUrxZr mudh lnL; dEifu;ksa ds ckjs esa lwpukRed lexzh ds izdk'ku dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSAfQjkstkckn] Hkkjr o"kZ ds mÙkj izns'k dk og fo[;kr 'kgj gS] tks 'krkfCn;ksa ls lSadM+ksa lw{e] y?kq o e/;e dk¡p m|ksxksa}kjk vfr la[; dykRed o vkS|ksfxd vkSj nSfud mi;ksx esa vkus okyh dk¡p dh cgqewY; oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj jgk gSAfQjkstkckn dk¡p m|ksxksa }kjk mRikfnr dk¡p dh oLrqvksa dk O;kikj ns'k o fons'k esa QSyk gqvk gSA blds rFkk blds iM+kslh'kgjksa ds gtkjksa ifjokj dk¡p mRiknu o O;kikj esa yxs gq, gSAfQjkstkckn ds Jh nhid xqIrk th blh i`"B Hkwfe ds ,d ;qok] deZB rFkk izxfr'khy O;fDrRo ds /kuh O;fDr gSaAbUgksaus viuh izxfr'khy fopkj/kkjk ds vuq#i AIGMF ds mijksDr fu.kZ; dk Lokxr djrs gq, loZizFke viuh dEiuh^^fxj/kkjh yky euksgj yky Xykl oDlZ u- 2** ¼ G.M. Glass Works No.2 ½ dks AIGMF dk lnL; cuk;kA rniqjkUrviuh dEiuh dk ns'k&fons'k esa uke jks'ku djus ds fy, dEiuh ds ckjs esa ^dk¡p* if=kdk ds Company Profile 'kh"kZd dsvUrxZr lwpukRed ys[k Niokus dk fu.kZ; fy;kAth ,e Xykl oDlZ ds funs'kd e.My ds lHkh lnL; ¼ Partners½ Jh nhid xqIrk] Jh euh"k caly o Jh eksfgr cUlyviuh ikfjokfjd i`"BHkwfe ls ik¡p n'kdksaa ls dk¡p m|ksx esa mRiknu o O;kikj ls tqM+s gq, gSaA budks dk¡p mRiknu o O;kikjAIGMF Team dk GM Glass Works No. 2 bZdkbZ dk Hkze.k% Mk- nsosUnz dqekj] fljkfed vfHk;kfU=kdh foHkkx izks|ksfxd laLFkku] dk'kh fgUnq fo'ofo|ky;]okjk.klh] Jh nhid xqIrk] ikVZuj GM Glass Works No. 2 ,oa Jh euksgj yky] lfpo AIGMF izeq[k lapkyd GM Glass Works No. 2 ds laxKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201229

dk izpqj vuqHko gSA ;s lHkh mu m|fe;ksa esa ls gS] tks viusdk¡p mRiknu o O;kikj ds vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij] le;dks ns[krs gq, fQjkstkckn dk¡p m|ksx dks izxfr dh vksjys tkus ds lius dks lkdkj djus ds fy;s mRlkfgr gSAbUgh ds ;g lkgfld o lg;ksxh iz;kl ds QyLo:i th,e Xykl oDlZ dk¡p dh isdsftx cksryksa ds mRiknd ds:i esa ,d uohu dysoj esa LFkkfir gks jgk gSAHkkjr ljdkj us i;kZoj.k j{kk o izkÑfrd mtkZ dsleqfpr iz;ksx ds n`f"Vdks.k ds vUrxZr fQjkstkckn dhlw{e y?kq o e/;e dk¡p mRiknd bdkb;ksa dks bZ/ku :iesa izkÑfrd xSl dks lLrs nj ij miyC/k djkus dk fu.kZ;fy;k FkkA xSl vFkkjVh vkQ bf.M;k ¼ GAIL xsy ½ budk¡p mRiknd bdkb;ksa dks yxHkx 15 o"kks± ls bZ/ku dsfy;s izkÑfrd xSl miyC/k djk jgk gSA izkÑfrd xSl dhmiyC/krk ls u dsoy i;kZoj.k dh j{kk gks jgh gS] cfYd;gk¡ ds m|fe;ksa dk eukscy c

www.aigmf.comyxkbZ tk jgh Fkh ftlesa dqN yx pqdh Fkh rFkk ijh{k.kds nkSj ls xqtj jgh Fkh] ,d e'khu yxkuk ckdh FkhAeksYM fjdojh ds fy;s odZ'kki rS;kj Fkk rFkk ,uhfyxys;j Hkh rS;kj FkhAm|ksx dks fcuk #dkoV ds lapkyu ds fy;s vck/kfo/kqr vkiwfrZ cuk;s j[kuk vko';d gksrk gSA fo/kqr vkiwfrZcuk;s j[kus ds fy, xSl vk/kkfjr vk;frr tujsVjLFkkfir gks pqdk FkkA ;g vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd GMGlass Works No.2 vius VkjxsV le; ds lehi ghviuh mRiknu izkjEHk dj nsxhAblds funs'kd eaMy ds lnL;ksa dks dk¡p mRiknurFkk O;kikj dk yEck vuqHko gSA budh vusd lg;ksxhdEifu;k¡ gS&1- gkbZykbV Xykl izk- fy-2- vks ds Xykl b.MLVªht+3- ikbfu;j Xykl oDlZ4- vkyksd Xykl oDlZ5- lh , Xykl oDlZ6- gfjvkse Xykl oDlZ7- ,l ,y Xykl oDlZ8- bEihfj;y Xykl bEiksfj;etks fofHkUu izdkj ds dk¡p mRiknksa tSls gsMykbV] VEcyj]fjfQy bR;kfn] ftudh l;qDr mRiknu {kerk yxHkx200 eh- Vu rFkk ftudk VuZ vksoj yxHkx 200 djksM+ #-gS ftlesa 20 djksM+ dk fu;kZr 'kkfey gSA buds lgdkjhiz;kl o yEcs vuqHko ls ;s vius mRiknu o O;kij {kerk esa150 Vu cksryksa ds mRiknuksa dks tksM+dj ,d Nyk¡x yxkjgs gSA ns'k esa m|ksxifr] O;kikj o vfFkZd lykgdkj]vkSj ljdkj vkS|ksfxd mRiknd {kerkvksa ds fodkl dsfy;s vR;Ur fpfUrr gSA orZeku udkjkRed ifjfLFkfr;ksarFkk izfrLi/kkZ ds le; esa yxu o esgur ls ldkjkRedlksp ls dk;Z djuk] rFkk AIGMF o ^dk¡p* if=kdk dsek/;e ls jk"Vªh; o vUrjk"Vªh; eap ij vkus dk iz;kl,d vR;Ur ljkguh; dk;Z gSAGM Xykl oDlZ ds funs'kd e.My ls xq.koÙkk ¼Quality½i;kZoj.k j{kk o LFkkf;Ro ¼Sustainability½ ij Hkh okrkZykigqvkA dEiuh dh izkFkfedrk ;k ohtu Q.C.D.D.B. gS&- Q- Quality- C- Cost- D- Delivery- D- Development- B- Behaviourxq.koÙkk o i;kZoj.kh; n`f"Vdks.k budh oSclkbV ijmiyC/k gSA bl dEiuh ds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh budhosclkbV www.gmglassindia.com ij miyC/k gSAuksV& ;g ys[k miyC/k ;k iznku dh x;h lwpukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA dEiuh ds ckjs esa vuqeku Lo;a lwpukvksa ,d=k dj yxk;s ys[kd] dk¡pif=kdk] AIGMF, fxj/kkjh yky euksgj yky Xykl oDlZ u-2 ;k mudh lg;ksxh dEifu;ksa ds dk;ksZa ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA¼Jh nhid xqIrk us AIGMF, dks lwfpr fd;k fd Glass Works No.2 dh mRiknu izfØ;k izkjEHk gks xbZ gSaA ½Welcomes its New MemberS. No. Company Name and Address Product/services Approved byOrdinary Member1. M/s Girdharilal ManoharlalGlass Works No.2Contact:Mr. Deepak GuptaAgra Road, Firozabad - 283203Uttar Pradesh, IndiaTel : +91-9837035421, 05612-203217E : gm_glass3@yahoo.in /info@gmglassindia.com/sales@gmglassindia.comContainer GlassUP GlassManufacturers’Syndicate (UPGMS)Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201231

Best Wishes to Readers &Ordinary MembersADARSH KANCH UDYOG PVT. LTD.AGI GLASPAC(AN SBU OF HINDUSTAN SANITARYWARE & INDS. LTD.)ASHOKE ENAMEL & GLASS WORKS (P) LTD.BISAZZA INDIA PVT. LTD.,DESIGNCOEMPIRE INDUSTRIES LTD.- VITRUM GLASSEXCEL GLASSES LTD.FIROZABAD CERAMICS P. LTD.,GENERAL TRADERSGOLD PLUS GLASS INDUSTRIES LIMITED,GUJARAT GURDIAN LTD.HILITE GLASS PVT. LTD.HINDUSTHAN NATIONAL GLASS & INDUSTRIES LTD.(QUALITY CERTIFICATIONS : ISO 9001-2000, ISO 22000)JAI MATA GLASS LTD.JIK INDUSTRIES LTD.KRUPA CHATON MANUFACTURING CO. PVT. LTD.LA OPALA RG LTD.MITTAL CERAMICS NEAR M/S. GEETA GLASS WORKS,MOHAN CRYSTAL GLASS WORKS,(PROP. MOHAN MEAKIN LTD.)NEUTRAL GLASS & ALLIED INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITEDOKAY GLASS INDS.OWENS - CORNING (INDIA) LTD.PIRAMAL GLASS LIMITEDPRAGATI GLASS (P) LTD.SCHOTT GLASS INDIA PVT. LTD.SUNRISE GLASS INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.,TRIVENI GLASS LTD.UNIVERSAL GLASSVIDEOCON INDUSTRIES LIMITED, VIDEOCON NARMADA GLASSDIVISIONADVANCE GLASS WORKSASAHI INDIA GLASS LTD.BDJ GLASS INDUSTRIES (P) LTD.BOROSIL GLASS WORKS LTD.DURGESH BLOCK & CHINA GLASS WORKS LTD.ENKI GLASS INDUSTRY PVT. LTD.,FARUKHI GLASS INDUSTRIESFIROZABAD GLASS SHELL INDUSTRIESGIRDHARILAL MANOHARLAL GLASS WORKS NO.2GUJARAT BOROSIL LTD.HALDYN GLASS LTD.HIND LAMPS LIMITEDHNG FLOAT GLASS LIMITEDJANTA GLASS LIMITEDKHODAY GLASS COMPANY(A DIVN. OF KHODAY INDIA LTD.)KWALITY GLASS WORKS, FIROZABADMEERA GLASS INDUSTRIESMOHAN BREWERIES & DISTILLERIES LTD.NANNUMAL GLASS WORKS(AN ISO 9001 : 2000 CERTIFIED)NIPRO GLASS INDIA LTD.(SUBSIDIARY OF NIPRO CORPORATION, JAPAN)OM GLASS WORKS PVT. LTD. UNIT OF ADVANCE GROUPOF GLASS INDUSTRIES (AN ISO 9001-2008 CERTIFIEDCOMPANY)PINO BISAZA GLASS PRIVATE LIMITEDPOOJA GLASS WORKS P. LTD.PRASHANT GLASS WORKS (P) LTD.SHERNO LIMITED (GLASS DIVISION)(FORMERLY KNOWN AS ALEMBIC GLASS IND. LTD.)SURYA ROSHNI LTD.U. P. TWIGA FIBERGLASS LTD.VAIBHAV GLASS INDUSTRIESVISHES INDUSTRIESThank you Advertisers for support in 2012AGI GLASPACAJAX FIORI ENGINEERING (I) PVT. LTD.,(AN SBU OF HINDUSTAN SANITARYWARE & INDS. LTD.)AMCET SENLI ENGINEERING CO.ANUSIKA INDUSTRIES LTD.,ASHA GLASS SERVICESCALCUTTA COMMUNICATION MEDIACAPE INDUSTRIAL SERVICES PVT. LTD.,CONTINENTAL PROFILES LTD.,COSMIC CONNECTIONCV CHALAM CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.,DUKHIRAM MAURYA ENGINEERING & REFRACTORYELEKTROMAG DEVICES PVT.LTDW (I) PVT. LTD.,ELEKTROMAG-JOEST VIBRATION PVT. LTD.EMPIRE INDUSTRIES LTD.- VITRUM GLASSGLACERA ENGINEERSMESSE DUSSELDORF INDIA PVT. LTD.,GLASSTECH ASIA 2012 GREEN BUILDING CONGRESS 2012GRENZEBACHHEAT APPLICATION INDIA PVT. LTD.,HEYE INTERNATIONALGIRDHARI LAL MANOHAR LAL GLASS WORKSHNG & INDUSTRIES LTD.,HNG FLOAT GLASS LIMITED

Happy New Year 2013affiliate MembersA.K. GLASS CONSULTANTAPEX ENGINEERING WORKSASHA GLASS SERVICESBABA MINERALSBMT MACHINES PVT. LTD.,C.V.CHALAM CONSULTANTS (P) LTD.CERACON ENGINEERS (P) LTD.DUKHIRAM MAURYA ENGINEERING & REFRACOTRY WORKS(INDIA) PVT. LTD.ELEKTROMAG DEVICESFIVES STEIN INDIA PROJECTS PVT. LTD.GLACERA ENGINEERSGUJARAT HEAVY CHEMICALS LTD.HANSALIYA ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.HEAT TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.IMKEMEX INTERNATIONL LIMITEDITALIA GLASS PVT. LTD.,KOTHARI CERAMIC & CHEMICAL INDUSTRIESLOGICON ENGINEERS (P) LTD.MAHAVIR MINERALS LTD.MASCOT ENGINEERING COMPANYMEHHNDIRTTA & ASSOCIATESMIDAS AUTOSOFT ENGINEER PVT. LTD.,MOLY COLLOIDS (P) LTD.NIRMAL GLASSTECH INDUSTRIESORIENT GLASSTECHPLANET CERAMICA PVT LTDR.D. ASHAR PVT. LTD.RCMPA POLISHING TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.SCREEN-O-GRAPHIC ARTS & CERAMICSSGS ZHENGZHOU, CHINASHREE LAXMI GLASS TECHSIBELCO ASIASMJ BUSINESS ENTERPRISES PVT. LTD.SUNIL O PARIKHTATA CHEMICALS LTD.TRANSPARENT ENERGY SYSTEM PRIVATE LIMITEDTRL KROSAKI REFRACTORIES LIMITEDV.M. CORPORATIONAMCET SANLI ENGINEERING CO.APEX INDUSTRIESASSOCIATED CERAMICS LTD.BEROA NOVOCOS GMBHBOROCHEMIE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.CARBORUMNDUM UNIVERSAL LTD.,CHEMBUR ENGINEERING WORKSELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUSTRIESFERRO INTERNATIONAL SERVICE INC.FOSBEL INDIA PVT. LTD.,GLASS EQUIPMENT (INDIA) LIMITEDHAMAD ALDRESS & PARTNERS & CO.HEAT APPLICATION INDIA PVT LTDHINDUSTAN PLATINUM (P) LIMITEDINTERCER ENGINEERING WORKSKAILASH MARKETING ASSOCIATESKRISHWORLD CONSULTING (EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY FORTHE GLASS INDUSTRY)LUBITECH ENTERPRISESMAITHAN CERAMIC LIMITEDMATRIX NATURAL RESOURCE S PVT. LTD.MESSE DUSSELDORF INDIA PVT. LTD.MOHAN MECH (INDIA)MSK VERPACKUNGS SYSTEME – GMBHOCL INDIA LIMITEDPHOOLCHAND BHAGATSINGHPYROTEK INDIA PVT. LTD.,RAFBRIX LTD.ROSS CONTROLS INDIA PVT. LTD.,SEPR REFRACTORIES INDIA LTD.SHAMVIK GLASSTECH PVT. LTDSHREE RADHA PRECISION TOOLSSIEMENS LTD.SPECIAL CERAMICS PVT. LTDT.N.H. METAL BELTS & CONVEYORSTEMPSENS INSTRUMENTS (I) PVT. LTDTRANSWEIGH (INDIA) LIMITEDUMDA ENGINEERINGWAM BOMBAY PVT. LTD.HOGANASLUBITECH ENTERPRISESMASCOT ENGINEERING COMPANYNILE TRADE FAIRSPHOOLCHAND BHAGAT SINGHR.D. ASHAR PVT.LTDSHAMVIK GLASSTECH PVT.LTDSIEMENS LTD.SMJ BUSINESS ENTERPRISESTRANSWEIGHUMDA ENGG.WAM GROUPThank you Advertisers for support in 2012LA OPALA RG LTD.,MAJAN GLASS COMPANY SAOGMYJOY GROUPNIRMAL GLASSTECH INDUSTRIESPLANET CERAMICA PVT.LTD.,SEPR INDIASHANGHAI REFINE MACHINERY CO. LTD.,SKYLINE MILLARS LTD.,T.N.H. METAL BELTS & CONVEYORSTRIVENI GLASS LTD.UP SALES

SERVICES:ConsultingProject ManagementEPC ContractsPRODUCTS:Batch PlantsGlass Melting FurnacesFore HearthsCombustion SystemsBatch ChargesReversing SystemsCullet Processing PlantsSECTORS:Container GlassFloat GlassTable Ware GlassSpecial GlassSolar GlassGlass TubingSilicate GlassIndia’s only Turnkey Project Management CompanyPlanet Ceramica is a consulting, engineering and turnkey project managementcompany along with supply of critical equipments to Glass Industry. We areunique in terms of our service model in handling the projects from conceptualstage till commissioning of the plants into commercial production with a singlepoint responsibility with high reliability and fast track implementation.Our services are backed by a strong multidisciplinary teams having many decadesof experience in Project Planning, Engineering & Integration, Procurement,Construction and Commissioning of Glass plants.Planet Ceramica also can take the role of a lead contractor for over all projectCo-ordination, Engineering, Procurement, Installation and Commissioning.COMPLETE SOLUTIONS TO GLASS INDUSTRYHead office:Planet Ceramica Pvt Ltd.502, Concourse House,Ameerpet,Hyderabad-500016.Contact:Ph: 91-40-23743954Fax: 91-40-23743954planetceramica@gmail.comwww.planetceramica.com34 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comf | glass, GermanySettingIndustryStandardsThe new f | glass plant is one of theworld’s most advanced andenergy-efficient float-glassproduction units. Siemenstechnology plays a decisive role inthe plant’s successThe exhaust gas treatment system at f | glassGmbHAfter successfully beginning production in the fall of 2009, f |glass GmbH in Oster-weddingen, Germany, now produces up to700 tons of float glass a day. The stockholders of f | glass are theDutch glass industry specialist Scheuten Group and Germany’slnterpane Industrie AG.The joint venture’s float-glass plant sets industry standards inseveral ways: not only does it lead the way in terms of processand plant technology, the production plant also stands out forproduct quality and construction time. It took only 15 monthsfrom groundbreaking to the start of production – quite anaccomplishment according to f | glass GmbH’s CEO HerbertKöhler, who was involved in project management right from thestart. “Clear objectives are decisive for that kind of project,” hesays. “That is why we set a fixed date for beginning production.And we wanted to meet the deadline while staying on budget.We managed to do both.” Dr. Ing. Wolfgang Räbiger, chieftechnology officer at f | glass, adds: “Within a very short periodof time we built a fully integrated solar-glass production unit thatallows a relatively new product – a very low-iron glass designedspecifically for the solar industry – to be manufactured at onesite: from the float-glass unit to the cutting lines and the coatingof large-format glass sheets all the way to our solar-glass center.Technology “made in Germany”There is a technological highlight right at the beginning of theprocess: the glass furnace, a regenerative cross-fired furnace withsix pairs of gas-fired burners. Räbiger played an important role inthe development of this furnace. “Our goal was to build a furnacethat is able to do just about anything. It was supposed to be ableKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201235

A true gem: the control roomto melt normal glass, white glass for construction,and solar glass, but also consume as little energyas possible and have a long service life,” saysRäbiger. The previous furnace, also co-developedby Räbiger, was in operation for 16 years. “I amcertain that the new furnace will be in service for 20years,” he predicts.Nearly all the other equipmentfor the plant was supplied by German machine andplant equipment manufacturers. For Dr. ThomasBelgardt, managing director of glass processing at f| glass, supplier quality is decisive. “In this regard,it is not just about the technology being deliveredbut also about a long-term partnership. After all,in 10 to 15 years we still want to be able to rely oncompetent support. That is why we always selectmarket-leading suppliers.”Highly advanced energy recoveryand reliable control technologyOne of the project partners was Siemens. Thecompany supplied automation technology forthe plant and the turbines for energy recovery.Osterweddingen is one of the first glass plants in theworld to recover a large part of the process wasteheat using a modern heat recovery system. Thesystem’s most important component is a compactSiemens industrial steam turbine with a ratedcapacity of 2.5 megawatts, which f | glass uses togenerate electrical energy from the waste heat inthe process exhaust air. The energy recovery systemnot only saves energy, but, according to Räbiger,“the energy recovery process also helps ensureprocess security. By producing 60percent of the electricity requiredfor the float-glass plant ourselves,we are better able to cope with apower outage, for example.”Thecontrol technology system inOsterweddingen, which is basedon the most recent version ofSimatic PCS 7, was implemented bySiemens Industry Partner STG. Thesystem is operated via five SimaticPCS 7 OS clients, an engineeringstation, and a web server. Theoperating level is connected tothe two redundant control systemservers via Industrial Ethernet.The system bus is also based onIndustrial Ethernet. The furnace, flatbath, and annealing lehrs are eachcontrolled by a dedicated PCS 7 AS 416 automationsystem. Visualization of the top rollers as well asthe electrical and control technology systems isalso integrated within PCS 7. Reversal switchingis redundant and is controlled by the furnaceautomation system and a lower-level SimaticET 200M of the automation system in the floatbath. “We are very satisfied with the technologybeing used,” says Räbiger. “The constructiveand committed approach demonstrated by theSiemens specialists as they supported us in solvingproblems was excellent, as was the professionaland successful implementation of the project.”Optimally equippedGross output at f | glass is currently 255,000 tonsof float glass per year. At the beginning of 2010 theMagnetron coating line began production and iscoating around six million square meters of glassa year – or more upon request. Around 80 percentof the production output is shipped to the buildingconstruction sector; however, in the next five yearsthe share of ultrawhite glass and solar glass is tobe increased to approximately 50 percent. Thanksto its high-performance production technology,Osterweddingen is optimally equipped for thejob.www.f-glass.de / www.siemens.com/glassAuthor: Rüdiger Kirchmann, Director Businessand Project Development36 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

info@umdaengg.com | www.umdaengg.comMr. M.D. Farooq(Founder)Manufacturer Of EnergyEfficient LehrsMr. M.D. Farooq, the founder of Umda Enginering, brings to the table more than 35 years of expertise in the manufacturingindustry. Starting from humble beginnings, today more than 350 of Mr. Farooq’s Lehr machines are successfullyinstalled around the world.Mr. Farooq is best recognised as one of the co-founders of TNF Engineering, a company known across the industry asnot only the leading manufacturers of Metallic Wire Conveyor and Lehr belts but also of Glass Plant Equipment. Thismantle of superior performance and expertise has now been passed on to Umda Enginering.BeltsAyemaaa 201201Office & WorksPlot No. A – 581, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC Mahape, Navi Mumbai – 400 710. MS. India. Tel. 022-2778 20 41/42, Fax : 022-2778 13 38

38 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comIndian Green BuildingCouncil 2012• As a Supporting Association, participated in CII’s Green Building Congress 2012 held inHyderabad from 30 Oct - 1 Nov 2012 at Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC).• 2,300 delegates attended the International conference, workshops and training programmes• 100 exhibitors showcased the latest and emerging green building trends & technologies• 8,200 footfalls for the international exhibition on green buildings• International participation from Australia, Bangladesh, Finland, Israel, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sweden,Switzerland, UAE, UK and US• Green-I Contest for school students and Green Design competition for architectural students• 75 projects felicitated with IGBC Green Building awards• Released report titled - “Constructing Change”, a report on the future of energy efficient buildings inIndia, prepared by NRDC & ASCI• Two - day advanced Training Programme on Green Building Rating Systems• Green Building Mission organised to IGBC Certified Green Building projects in Hyderabad - ThePark Hotel and Infosys, PocharamIn his address to the Congress, Dr. Prem C Jain, Chairman, Indian Green Building Council, announced, “Indiastands one amongst the top 5 countries in the world, in pursuing the Green path. Today, we have a varietyof Green Buildings coming up in the country- airports,banks, convention centres, educational institutions,factories, hospitals, hotels, IT Parks, offices, residential,schools, SEZs, townships and many other building types.All this has been possible because of the collaborativeefforts of stakeholders, government, architects, builders,developers, consultants, manufacturers etc.”The event also witnessed the launch of the Indo-SwedishCleantech Innovation Platform. The Indo- SwedishCleantech Innovation Platform is a partnership betweenSwedish Energy Agency, the representatives of theNational Innovation Council and the Confederation ofIndian Industry- Green Business Centre.On this occasion, the winners of the Green Designcontest were announced by Mr. S Raghupathy,Executive Director-CII Godrej GBC. The first prize wasawarded to two participants- Mr. Ranjith Kumar KNand Mr. Cibi. V, School of Architecture and Planning,Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201239

Anna University, Chennai and also Mr. SubhodeepMaji and Mr. Anirman Maiti, Bengal Engineeringand Science University, Howrah. The winnersreceived a prize money of Rs. 20,000 each for theirinnovative design on the theme ‘Green Cities’.Vasant Valley School from Delhi was awarded thewinning trophy and a grant of Rs. 7.5 lakhs fromCarrier Aircon at the inaugural ceremony of theGreen Building Congress 2012. The Green-I Contestfor school children is a joint national level initiativeof the IGBC and Young Indians (Yi).Green homes and cities: Animperative for better quality oflifeWhile delivering the special address at theinaugural session of the conference on “GreenCities, Green Homes and Green Data centres &CBERD” on the third day of IGBC’s Green BuildingCongress 2012 here, Mr. Arvind Jadhav, IAS,Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of Karnataka andChairman, KUIDFC, stressed the need to take upchallenging projects that push the boundaries of thegreen building movement. He added that nature isa great teacher and the fact that nothing is wastedin nature should be emulated for our green cities.During his welcome address at the inaugural sessionof the conference, Dr. Prem C Jain, Chairman,Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) said greenhomes are not just for the urban population or theaffluent, but should be accessible to all strata of thesociety.40 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comDr. Jain also pointed thatIGBC has 350,000 greenhomes in various stagesof construction. Indiahas about 1.27 Billionsq. ft. of green spacesregistered with the IGBCof which 555 Millionis from the residentialsector.In closing, Mr. S Raghupathy, Executive Director,CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre,said 30% of every city should be green spaces.According to him, thesole reason for creatinggreen homes and citiesshould be to enable abetter and healthier lifefor people.The next edition of IGBC is scheduled to beheld in Chennai at Chennai Trade Centrefrom Oct 22-26, 2013.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201241

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FOCUS ON INDIAAlmost 180 companies participated at GLASSPEX India 2011.GLASSPEX India 2013GLASSPEX India exhibition takes place for the thirdtime from 20 to 22 March 2013 in Hall V of theBombay Convention and Exhibition Centre inMumbai. At the previous event in 2011, 176 exhibitorsfrom 19 countries presented the latest products andtechnologies in glass production, finishing and applicationsto more than 4000 international trade visitors.Participating exhibitors at the last show includedA & L Rondot, AGR, Antonini, Arkema, BDF, Bottero,Car-Met, Ceracon, D Widmann, DSF, Dukhiram Maurya,Electroglass, EME, Emhart Glass, Emmeti, ERMI, FIC,Fickert + Winterling, Fives Stein, FlammaTec, Fosbel,futronic, Gedevelop, Glashuettentechnik Grob, GlassService Inc, Glass Worldwide, Graphoidal, Grenzebach,H C Starck, Heye International, Hindustan National Glass,Horn, Indotherm, IRIS, ISRA, IWG, JSJ, Lahti, Lattimer,Lizmontgens, Lubisol, Mascot, MSC & SGCC, MSK,OCMI, OGIS/glassglobal.com, Olivotto, Parkinson-SpencerRefractories, Pennekamp, Pennine, Pneumofore, Rafbrix,Ramsey, SEPR, Shamvik, Sheppee, Siemens, Sorg, Strutz,Tecno5, Tecoglas, Henry F Teichmann, Total, Vertech,Vesuvius, Z & J Technologies, Zhengzhou XinguangseRefractory and Zippe.The 2013 GLASSPEX Indiaevent will benefit from the country’sstanding as one of the world’s fastestgrowing markets and an attractiveeconomic region, especially for theglass industry. Rising populationfigures in the sub-continent, a higherstandard of living and associateddemand for consumer goods havegenerated growing demand in theconstruction sector, the automotiveindustry as well as in the packaging,electrical and pharmaceuticalindustries – areas where glass plays aprominent role as a raw material.The All India Glass Manufacturers’Federation and VDMA eV (Associationof German Machinery and PlantManufacturers) will provide theirsupport as co-operation partners.The 10th International GlassTechnology Conference of the AIGMF,themed ‘Managing SustainableGrowth’ will be held parallel tothe exhibition. In addition to beingpreferred international journal of theAIGMF in association with Kanch,Glass Worldwide has been appointedofficial international journal of the10th International Glass TechnologyConference in association with Kanch.The 3rd Glass Performance DaysIndia conference, where currenttrends from the Indian glass market,as well as glass architecture and solartechnology are discussed, rounds offthe wide range of complementaryevents planned.FURTHER INFORMATION:web: www.glasspex.comHNG Chairman, C K Somany speaking at the AIGMF Conference in 2011. The 3rd Glass Performance Days India conference has been scheduled for March 2013.Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of aigmf44 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012GW44 Nov-Dec 2012 ALt.indd 42 27/12/2012 14:52

www.aigmf.comThe All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationBHARAT SOMANYChairmanGLASSPEXINDIA 2013 International ConferenceExecutive DirectorGlass Equipment (India) Limited,The engineering unit of HNG & Inds. Ltd.,Bahadurgarh, HaryanaGLASSPEXINDIA 2013 Exhibition & ConferenceThe All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation has been endeavoring to keep members updated abouttechnological advancements in glass industry, in different parts of the globe. With this in view the federationhas been organizing International Exhibitions and Conferences since 1995. In continuation of the same AIGMFis now sponsoring GLASSPEXINDIA 2013 – International Exhibition and Conference. The Exhibition is beingorganized by Messe Dusseldorf India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 100% subsidiary of Messe Dusseldorf GmbH, atHall 5, Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre, Goregaon (East), Mumbai from 20-22 March, 2013. Concurrentwith GLASSPEXINDIA 2013 exhibition an international conference is being organized by the AIGMF on 20-21March, 2013. In order to give time to delegates to visit stalls in the exhibition conference timings are beingkept from 2:30 pm to 5:00 pm on both days.Theme of the conference has been selected as ‘Managing Sustainable Growth’Latest technological developments will be on show in the exhibition and a wide range of papers pertaining tovarious aspects of the theme will be presented in the International Conference. We hope that delegates willenrich their knowledge by participating in the conference and seeking clarifications during question answersession.Details regarding papers to be read at the Conference along with dates and timings will be circulated separately.Registration of delegates has commenced. The fee structure is as under:Indian Companies(in Rs.)Foreign Companies(in USD)1. Main Delegate 4000.00 150.002. Other delegates 2000.00 100.003. Corporate(Main delegate + 4 delegates)10000.00 500.004. Additional chargesif registered after 1 st March, 2013 500.00 50.00Delegates to the conference will be given :(i)(ii)Conference Kit which will include a complimentary copy of the special issue of KANCHcontaining papers to be presented at the Conference. Kindly note that supply of kits todelegates, registering after 1 st March, 2013 will depend on availability.Complimentary lunch on days of the conference viz., 20-21 March, 2013Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201245

th(i) Cultural evening and Cocktail/Dinner on 20 March, 2013. Delegates are welcometo bring their spouse/guests for Cocktails/Dinner (subject to a maximum of two) atan additional charge of Rs. 1000.00 per person (Indian delegates) and USD 50.00 perperson (foreign delegates).Those interested to register as delegates are requested to complete the enclosed Registration Form and sendit along with delegation fee.Delegation fee etc. can be remitted to AIGMF as indicated below :Remittance from Abroad to: Bank of Baroda, New York, SWIFT BIC: BARBUS33, FEDWIRE / ROUTING NUMBER:026 005 322, giving full particulars of Beneficiary i.e.Payment Instructions Message i.e. MT - 103 is to be sent to Bank of Baroda, IBB, New Delhi, SWIFT BIC - BARBINBBPARRemittance from India to: The amount can be remitted by way of a Cheque/DD in favour of “The All India GlassManufacturers’ Federation” payable at New Delhi. Amount can also be deposited or transferred directly to ouraccount. Details of AIGMF Bank account are as under:Account No. : 0411156983Name : The All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationBank : Kotak Mahindra BankBranch: Kashi House, A-27/8a, Connaught Place, NewDelhiIFSC Code : KKBK0000214A copy of bank advice may please be sent to us for reconciliation.Registration Form duly completed along with Cheque/D.D. of the appropriate amount may please be sent to:MANOHAR LALSECRETARYTHE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION812 NEW DELHI HOUSE, 27, BARAKHAMBA ROADNEW DELHI – 110001 (INDIA)Email : info@aigmf.comWith regards and best wishes,Yours sincerely,Account No. : 05860400000062Name: The All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationBank : Bank of BarodaBranch : Parliament Street, New Delhi 110001City: New Delhi, IndiaSd/-(Bharat Somany)Chairman – Glasspex 2013 International Conference Committee46 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comThe All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationGLASSPEXINDIA 2013TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 20-21 March, 2013Registration Form(Download Form from http://www.aigmf.com/future-events.php and e-mail to info@aigmf.com)Name/ Designation1.2.3.4.CompanyOffice AddressCity/ CountryPin CodeTel. (office)/Email(Fax)Payment Particulars Cheque/DD No.: Date :Amount (Rs./USD) :Name of Bank :Remittance from Abroad to: Bank of Baroda, New York, SWIFT BIC: BARBUS33, FEDWIRE / ROUTING NUMBER: 026 005322, giving full particulars of Beneficiary i.e.Account No. : 05860400000062Name : The All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationBank : Bank of BarodaBranch : Parliament Street, New Delhi 110001City: New Delhi, IndiaPayment Instruction Message i.e. MT - 103 is to be sent to Bank of Baroda, IBB, New Delhi, SWIFT BIC - BARBINBBPARRemittance from India to: The amount can be remitted by way of a Cheque/DD in favour of “The All India Glass Manufacturers’Federation” payable at New Delhi. Amount can also be deposited or transferred directly to our account.Details of AIGMF Bank account are as underAccount No. : 0411156983Name : The All India Glass Manufacturers’ FederationBank : Kotak Mahindra BankBranch : Kashi House, A-27/8a, Connaught Place, New DelhiIFSC Code : KKBK0000214A copy of bank advice may please be sent to us for reconciliation.• NO CREDIT/DEBIT CARDS PLEASE.Signature of Sponsoring AuthorityN.B. Registration from should reach Secretary AIGMF by 1 st March, 2013.* Names of all delegates and guests as applicable may please be given so that badges can be prepared in advance.For Use in Federation OfficeRegistration No. ________________Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201247

FLSmidth Pfister India LimitedFormerly known asTransweigh (India) Limited124, ABCD, Govt. Industrial Estate,Kandivali (West), Mumbai - 400 067, India.Tel.: 009122-6772 6275 / 6772 6000Fax: 009122-6772 6100E-mail: transweigh.marketing@flsmidthpfister.comQM 039ISO 9001:200848 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012www.transweigh-india.com

Windshieldswww.aigmf.comSafety Glass Experts:how to improvelamination processperformance53Fig. 1 - Vacuumring installationtesting with aclientLamination defects typicallyrepresent no more than 1-2per cent waste from theproduction of laminatedwindshields. These figuresare not particularly high, butthe total cost of wastecreated by lamination defectsinternally and externally issuch that lamination requiresspecial attention in processdevelopment work.The complex nature oflamination processes andlamination defects requiresprocess parameters to beindividually adjusted accordingto the raw materials used,product design andprocessing equipment.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201249

Safety Glass Experts: how to improvelamination process performanceHowever, this lamination defect is controversial:the bubbles do not seem to appear eachtime a little air is left between the laminate orwhen gapping between the glass pairs is monitored.The defect can arise when excess residualair alone remains between the laminate, buteven more so when a few contributing factorsare existent. The fact that there are various lami-With SGE I have been have beenlucky to work and study on topicsinvolving lamination using differenttransparent interlayers in addition to regularPVB products. We have learned a lot aboutThermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) andEthylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in BulletResistant Glass applications, and also workedwith sound insulating PVB interlayers appliedto windshields. In this reference I have foundthat it is easy to overlook the conditions thatcontribute in reduced lamination process performance.The lamination process has a key rolein laminated glass production line performance,and its results and quality are directly linkedwith bending and pre-processing activities. Tounderstand why lamination waste is so expensiveI will review two typical lamination defectsand thereafter describe how to improve laminationprocess performance by introducing the keyparameters to be observed.waste pieces due to lamination defects.Waste created at this stage of the productionchain is particularly expensive due to materials,processing costs, work time and disposal, and,last but not least, any re-autoclaved pieces createworkflow in an unnatural direction. All reautoclavedpieces are especially damaging forproductivity as the autoclave is generally thebottleneck in a typical laminated glass productionline, due to limited capacity and longprocess cycles taking up to 3.5 hours (dependingon equipment and production).LAMINATION DEFECTSLamination defects typically representapproximately 1.0-2.0 per cent waste from production.In addition to dirt particles/internaldefects between the glass sheets, the defectknown as “bubbles” – the name relating to itsshape and appearance – is probably the mostcommon lamination defect. Air is a key factor inthe creation of bubble defects. Bubbles, teardropsand worms all are an indication of excess residualair between the laminate [1] .Fig. 2 -ProtectiveclothingFig. 3 -Bubbledefects inwindshieldcornerTHE LAMINATION PROCESSDominating the lamination process for theproduction of windshields contains the followingprocess cycle:1. PVB preparation-> 2. PVB Assembly -> 3.Vacuum conveyor (cold and hot)-> 4. AutoclaveThere are also existing alternatives such asvacuum boxes, but the processing principlesremain. The entire process seems simple, however,following the basic guidelines of cleanenvironment work and common processingparameters alone is not enough to maintain andimprove defect rates. Without perfectly controlledprocessing parameters, the process canresult in a high number of re-autoclaved and50 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comnation and autoclaving process parameters,equal conditions of pre-processing and bendingthat affect process performance and especiallyde-airing makes complete elimination difficult.Bubble defects appear in different sizes andlocations. Typically the defect appears as bubble-areasat the very edges of the glass, whilelarger individual bubbles also appear both at theedges as well more towards to the middle section.Larger bubbles appearing at the very edgeof glass can usually be fixed by means of a reautoclavecycle, adding clips that help to sealthe glass edges.There are, however, drawbacks in this curingmethod. The re-autoclaving cycle creates a contra-currentwork flow, increases productioncosts, and some re-worked parts have the tendencyto introduce worm-like delamination awhile after re-autoclaving. Furthermore, usingclips is controversial as the pressure appliedwith the clips potentially alters the thickness ofthe laminate and introduces stresses. However,larger bubbles in the inner parts of the glass,typically between the glass corner and mouldhinge line, can be impossible to fix.Typical bubble defects are visible right afterautoclaving, but residual air can unify to createworm-like de-lamination caused by residual airleft between the glass sheets, a phenomenondescribed as super-saturation [1] .The introduction of acoustic PVB productscreated manufacturing challenges as these newproducts require more attention to process qual-Fig. 4 -Laminationprocessdefect knowas Ice-Flower orSnow FlakesFig. 5 - The laminate formulation withacoustic PVB interlayer is no different toregular PVBity than traditional PVB products. With the newacoustic PVB with trilayer structure, glass manufacturersstarted to suffer from a new kind oflamination defect, which is, today, known as‘ice flower’ or ‘snowflakes’. This is a rather fascinatingdefect, most likely because of its natureand appearance, but is especially difficult formanufacturers suffering from it. It is still a populartopic of discussion both internally andbetween glassmakers and their customers. Thisdefect is complicated, because it is a delayeddefect that will appear typically after exposureto changing climate conditions and usually noearlier than in field, therefore creating hugeexternal waste costs.The development of what is known as‘advanced laminated glazing’ introduced asound insulating PVB interlayer that allows thereduction of glass thickness without increasednoise penetrating the vehicle interior. With itstrilayer structure, this new PVB product enablesto save weight without compromising passengercomfort. The acoustic PVB interlayer applied inthe laminated glass formulation does not differfrom the traditional PVB interlayer in make-up,(see Figure 5), and, furthermore, does not havespecial requirements from the manufacturingprocess. This being said, with lamination ofacoustic PVB, the likelihood of any manufacturingprocess deficiency in lamination worksresulting in defects will be increased significantly.It is simply a less forgiving materialwhen it comes to lamination process quality.KEY PARAMETERS TO BE OBSERVEDCutting size variations will cause severe difficultiesin positioning of the glass pair duringlamination. Faults in the positioning of glasspairs in PVB assembly will cause unwantedgapping between the glass sheets. Although thetest results in relation to acceptable gapping toleranceare contradictory, it is clear that it cancontribute to the creation of bubbles and delaminations.Furthermore, gapping cured with laminationadds to the natural manufacturing stressesof the windshield and potentially decreasesfinal product quality. Gapping between the glasssheets can be caused by temperature differencebetween the glass sheets in bending or mouldissues. The in-house tolerances for acceptablegapping vary and the gapping affect is veryKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201251

Safety Glass Experts: how to improvelamination process performanceproduct dependent. Therefore recognition ofmaximum gapping tolerance used in unisonwith another shape related key parameter willgive a better indication of bubble probabilities.There are also a few finer details in preprocessingwhich can affect lamination; as anextensive amount of separating powder can causeminor surface variations in the glass pair’s innersurfaces, reducing adhesion of the PVB andglass. Furthermore, poor washing water characteristicscan also affect adhesion. Therefore, thehardness of the water should be monitored. Salts,for example, can cause large deviations whereadhesion may even drop by several pummelunits. Last but not least, tin and airside orientationof the float glass should be controlled as theycan affect adhesion levels. Therefore theaffect/relationship to PVB adhesion is importantand has to be acknowledged, and the decidedstandard orientation must be maintained.If rolls of PVB are stored open, storageshould also maintain the correct temperatureand relative humidity. After cutting, the pre-cutPVB sheets (blanks) are cured by relieving thesheets in a flat position, which enables thestresses caused by storing in the roll – and alsoshaping/stretching – to be removed from thematerial. The relieving time for blanks dependson the material used and individual processingconditions.Large numbers of pre-cut PVB blanks are notrecommended as extensive stacks can lead tocomplications in thickness and also blocking.Glass pairs are cleaned individually, withspecial attention to the inner surfaces. Cleaningactions should be conducted so that the glassand cleaning devices are not subjected to staticFig. 6 -Illustration ofthe differentconditionscaused byfaultyalignment ofthe glass pairat assemblyor due toglass cuttingsize issueselectricity generated during cleaning actions.After the glass sheets are cleaned, the glasstemperature should be at an acceptable level toenable blank lay-up.Before assembly works, it is highly importantto eliminate the processing of defected parts byinspecting the glass sheets carefully after cleaning.SGE training programmes provide furtherinformation regarding the technical aspects ofbest performing inspection stations.De-airing is the most important step of laminationand the process quality is closely linkedwith the lamination process yield [2] . First makesure that the correct vacuum ring vacuum levelis reached. After the vacuum is started the sandwichshould be subjected to sufficient cold vacuumtime to prevent premature edge seal. SeeFigure 7 for the illustration of de-airing processstages. Cold vacuum should be maintained for aperiod of time and the larger the windshields arethe longer cold vacuum time they require. It isimportant to notice that cold vacuum shouldremove the major part of the trapped air.After the sufficient cold vacuum period hasbeen passed the laminate will be subjected toheating. The most common reason for excess airin the laminate is usually processing faults at thevery beginning of the heat treatment (hot-vacuum),enabling the glass edge to seal too early.Therefore to ensure that no premature edge sealingtakes place the hot de-airing phase heatingshould be conducted gradually and uniformly torelieve all excess air from the sandwich. Vacuumis to be maintained through the entire heatingperiod. The required glass temperature and heatingtime is dependent on the raw materials and onthe processing equipment used. The key factorhere is to subject the materials to sufficient temperaturefor the PVB interlayer to soften, edges tobe sealed and to create preliminary adhesionbetween the glass and PVB. After the glass haspassed the heating section it should be cooledsufficiently before the removal of the vacuumrings, notice the cooling stage at the conveyor.Removing the vacuum rings from cooled glassprevents edge seals from opening. At this stageensure that good opacity has been reached afterthe de-airing conveyor process = glasses arealmost transparent. Cloudiness of the edges is anindication of issues in edge sealing.52 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

Fig. 7 - Vacuum ring de-airing conveyortemperature process progressionwww.aigmf.comThe autoclaving process is the final real treatmentprocess of a typical windshield that cansignificantly affect lamination and end productquality as there is a dependency on adhesivebond strength and autoclave temperature. Theprocess temperature and pressure curves can becontrolled in great detail with modern autoclaves.Correct temperature and pressure setpoints are required to gain perfect results.Process set point issues can result in bubblesappearing days after the process has taken place.SUMMARYThe importance of the lamination processexcellence is evident. Lamination experts agreethat the de-airing step is the most important onein determining yield [2] . Since air is a key-factor indefect formation, all processing parameters andconditions should aim at minimizing the amountof residual air in the laminate. Naturally we mustnot neglect the contributing factors. Processingconditions and used materials vary; therefore thefollowed process guidelines must be adapted toindividual situations. Lamination process conditionsmust be well controlled to enable adjustmentsand identification of process variationswhen defects appear.Lamination processes include various minordetails that potentially affect glass performanceand quality. Many of these details are linked withbending and pre-processing quality. Masteringlamination process parameters is essential. SGEprovides expert advisory conducted by individualswith in-depth expertise and practical experiencein solving production challenges relatedto heat-treatment processes: tempering, bending,lamination and also mould tooling.All graphics, photographs, and text appearingin this article belong to Safety Glass ExpertsInternational Oy Ltd. Redistribution or commercialuse is prohibited without express writtenpermission.1 Dr. Bert C.Wong Shattering Old Myths aboutDefect Formation in Laminated Glass. Part II2 Luc.A.Moeyersons: Edge-performance testingof automotive laminated glass THE AUTHORMika Eronen is a Finnish safety glass professional. Mika started hiscareer in the glass industry at Pilkington Finland in 1999. Workingwith the most complex bus windshields in the markets, he hasdeveloped a good knowledge on windshield manufacturing. In 2004,taken by international challenges, Mika toured globally carrying outnew hot-end machinery start-ups, customer training, andconsultation projects, still developing his skills further in the art ofsag bending process/technology and production of windshields.Today Mika has finished his professional specialization studies andis a founder and owner of Safety Glass Experts International Ltd.Mika has developed a passion to write about safety glass processingand, on top of his routine technical article publications he is soon tofinish the first ever complete technical guide book about windshieldmanufacturing called “The Secrets of Windshield Manufacturing”.Fig. 8 - Preparation oftest samples in anautoclaveSafety Glass ExpertsInternational Oy. Ltd.Palatsinraitti 1 E 92FI-33120 TampereFinlandThis article was first published inTel: +358 – 3 – 41023634Glass-Technology International 4/2012Fax: +358 – 2 – 65182539Kanch | Vol Email: 6 | No. info@sge.fiwww.glassonline.com1 | October-December 2012www.sge.fi53

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www.aigmf.comShaping Special GlassComponents and the Usesof CarbonProf (Dr.) A K BandyopadhyayTe c h n o l o g y Co n s u lta n t & Ex-Principal,Go v t. College o f En g g. & Ce r a m i c Te c h n o l o g y,We s t Be n g a l University o f Te c h n o l o g y, Ko l k ataasisbanerjee1000@gmail.comAbstractThe importance of carbon in theform graphite is described in theglass industry for fabrication ofspecial glass components. Varioustechniques have been describedin terms of process technologyas well as their advantages. Thisopens a new area of producingspecial items with high valueaddition that is considered a goodbusiness strategy.I. IntroductionCarbon is a very important material both in various industriesas well as in various scientific investigations. In particular, inglass industry, the importance of its use cannot be denied. Thereare various forms of carbon. In the form of “graphite”, carbon isused by the ‘glass blower’ for making tool material for shapingvarious products of scientific uses. However, this graphite formof carbon has several drawbacks, such as strength and durabilitythat are lower than those of cast iron, which is normally used forglass moulds. However, it does have the desirable property thatit will not stick to any fluid (hot or cold) glass, even though itmight reach the temperature of the glass at the formation point.This indicates that graphite can be used to shape glass tometallic seals and similar glass compositions that are made ina tank furnace, which requires that a non-oxidizing atmosphereprevails in the furnace in order to prevent its attack. The electricalconductivity of graphite allows it to be heated by radio frequency(RF) induction, and therefore, it could form both oven and glassmould if required.For the manufacture of ‘glass tubing’ into unconventionalshapes, graphite formers and mandrels are used. For example,a rectangular section graphite mandrel drawn through a heatedcylindrical glass tube of suitable size will make a ‘rectangular’section glass tube. In a similar manner, commercial tubing ofvariable internal diameter could be given a semi-precision bore.In this short article, some refinements to these techniques arepresented so that the readers get a quick grasp on the utility ofgraphite in the glass industry.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201255

II. Various TechniquesThere are various techniques available for the useof graphite in shaping special glass components. Inthis section, mainly three specific techniques will bedescribed, such as: 1) Use of Mouldable Graphite,2) To Form Glass Envelopes by Flowing ConicalGlass over Carbon Patterns, and 3) To Form GlassShapes in Carbon Moulds by the Use of CentrifugalForce.2.1 Use of Mouldable GraphiteSolid graphite is commercially available in thecarbon industry, particularly those manufacturinggraphite electrodes for melting various metals andalso oxides as fusion products. The solid graphitecan be usually utilized for machining graphitemoulds. For the well-known application, such as‘glass to metal seals’ fabrication, this is evidentlythe easiest method of manufacture.However, as a ‘by-product’ of other works, amethod has been developed in UK quite sometime ago to prepare solid graphite from a suitablyloaded graphite powder by pressing it with aheated moulding tool. In this process, any requiredpattern included into the ‘moulding tool’ can beformed in the graphite. A broad outline is givenas follows:A) Industrial graphite powder is mixed withphenol/formaldehyde type of resin and a specialtype of hardener. The mix is then pressed in thewarm moulding tool that is heated at 150 0 C. Thepressure varies according to the final surfacerequirements and it ranges between 100 and1500 psi. The graphite shape is then removedfrom the mould and heated at 840-850 0 C in ahydro-carbon bearing atmosphere for a fewhours to fill the pores with dense carbon. Dueto the closure of pores, the shrinkage occurs,but this could be controlled so as to make itnegligible.B) Evidently, any pattern without re-entrants thatcan itself withstand the moulding pressureand temperature could be reproduced, and theprocess is mainly used to make carbon ‘sparkeroding’ tools. Glass working applications areincreasing and some examples are listed below,which are both useful and decorative:1) Glass Reproduction of Plaques andMedallons – These are made by centrifugallycoating glass into moulded carbon,2) Mould Blown Glass Tube – These bulbs areconventionally blown in carbon moulds,which again withstand the treatmentremarkably well, and3) These are conventionally pressed by usingcarbon moulds formed from an originalpattern, instead of using cast iron moulds.The carbon moulds and the dies last quitelong enough to give sufficient faceplates forpre-production work.2.2 To Form Glass Envelopes by FlowingConical Glass over Carbon PatternsCathode-ray tubes are used in various scientificinstruments and they can be made in variousshapes. For a glass envelope, typically a cathoderaytube, if a non-standard shape is required, it isusually necessary to make a pressing or blowingmould from cast iron to the new form. This could bea time-consuming operation, and due to subsequentmodifications to the moulds are difficult, it is notpractical to experiment with the ‘envelope shape’to any great extent.At least for pre-production quantities, the mouldmaking process can be bypassed by taking a blockof graphite and sculpting it to the required internalbulb shape. A standard envelope or “cone” ofadequate wall thickness and reasonably closedimension to the new form is then heated andpushed over the graphite until it conforms to thisshape. Normally, the graphite former is held onone chunk of a ‘glass lathe’ that could be workedwith the bed either vertically, horizontally or atany intermediate position. While the flame heatingis done, the glass bulb is held in the other chunkand the two are brought together.At this stage, the bulb gets deformed and it isgradually paddled and work around the graphite.At the end of this operation, vacuum could beapplied to bring any glass not coming into fullcontact with the former. Then, the glass is removedand annealed, and finally trimmed to size. It is nowobvious that a special operational skill is requiredto keep the glass flowing in the preferred direction.It is important to maintain adequate wall thicknessand the outside dimension must be kept withinreasonable limits, although the latter is difficult tocontrol.56 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comThere is an advantage of using this technique, i.e.the ‘speed’ with which a new form is developed. Ina matter of few hours of work that is necessary tocarve the graphite block provided the shape is notdifficult, and with a few more hours of work, it ispossible to provide the sample bulb. As the removalof graphite is important, the modification is easier tomake and it has been found to be quite convenientto build blocks up from segments that are boltedtogether. Obviously, there is some graphite erosionduring glass shaping, but it is within the acceptablelimits, as the erosion-resistance of graphite isknown to be quite high.Although there are various other techniquesavailable for using graphite in shaping specialglass components, only one more technique will bementioned that could be quite useful.2.3 To Form Glass Shapes in Carbon Mouldsby the Use of Centrifugal ForceIt has been already stated that glass-to-metal sealsare often formed in carbon moulds by passing themould pre-loaded with glass and metal through aheated belt furnace. There is some kind of variationto this technique, i.e. to substitute for the beltfurnace, a closed metal annular trough typicallyabout 62 cm total diameter that could be horizontallyrotated at a speed of 300-700 rpm about its ownaxis. As this rotation takes place within a heatedfurnace, any glass inside the drum will soften andwill be thrown outwards by a ‘centrifugal force’.This effect can be utilized to force glass into anycarbon mould that is positioned outside it.Generally, the carbon moulds are arrangedvertically against the inside of the outer wall of the‘trough’ with the glass and metal wires horizontaland they are projecting radially inwards. Therotation of the ‘trough’ and heating of the furnacemake the pieces of glass to soften and it is forcedoutwards into their appropriate carbon mouldcavities. In contrast to the ‘static gravity feed’, theadvantages of this technique are as follows:The glass could be in the form of a rod or tuberather than powder or sintered pre-forms. It doesnot have to fill the mould before spinning.perhaps impossible to be formed in any othermanner, become comparatively easy to form.Nitrogen is generally used as an inert gas. Thegas passes up through the central spindle andinto the ‘trough’. In addition to the usual typeof compression soda-glass seal and matchedboro-silicate glass seal, it has been found that theseals using ‘lead-glass’ can also be made quitesuccessfully, provided care is taken, although leadis a banned item for most of the special glasses.Apart from the above advantages, there is also adisadvantage that is production-related. Althougha large number of moulds could be spun at oneloading, the process is essentially a batch techniquein contrast to the continuous operation of the beltfurnace.III. ConclusionsIn this article, it is shown that carbon is veryimportant material in the glass industry. In theform of “graphite”, carbon is used by the ‘glassblower’ for making tool material for shapingvarious products of scientific uses. However, thisgraphite form of carbon has several drawbacks,such as strength and durability of cast iron that isnormally used for glass moulds. However, it doeshave the desirable property that it will not stick toany hot or cold fluid glass, even though it mightreach the forming temperature of the glass. Apartfrom various techniques available for processesfor different difficult shapes and sizes, only a fewtechniques have been discussed here with theiradvantages for making a variety of special glasscomponents. As these glass components make ahigh value addition in a given glass company, itcould be thought of using these technique as amatter of strategy for better product-portfolio.References1) F. V. Tooley, “Handbook of Glass Manufacture” (Vol.2), Ashlee Pub. Co., New York (1984).2) J. Zarzycki, “Less Verres et Letat Vitreaux”, Mason,Paris (1982).3) G. W. Morey, “The Properties of Glass”, Reinhard,New York (1954).The plunger of the top mould is not required toforce the glass into the mould detail.Many small components, which are difficult orKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201257

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www.aigmf.comIN FOCUSTrade Associations: An Antitrust ChallengeTrade associations (also known asindustrial association or businessassociation) are unique forums, inwhich competitors from the sameindustry or sector meet to discussissues of common interest, findcommon solutions and further theircommon commercial/professionalinterests. Their activities have,however, been subject to closescrutiny by competitionjurisdictions across the world.Trade associations play animportant role in moderneconomies. There are activities andfunctions which cannot be pursuedefficiently by single firms on theirown but are better suited for acollective effort. These activities,which in many instances advanceconsumer welfare, can be pursuedcollectively by market playersthrough trade and professionalassociations. Productstandardisation and harmonisationto improve product quality andTrade associationsperform plethora oflegitimate functions thatpromote competitivenessof the industry as awhole and also enhanceconsumer welfare.Despite their many procompetitiveaspects, theyremain vulnerable tostepping outside theboundaries placed bycompetition law.safety, promotion of good businesspractices, advocacy of industryinterests before governments andpublic agencies, determination ofethical rules for professions etc. areexamples of functions that can onlybe pursued if businesses cooperateand collaborate. In addition, tradeassociations perform otherbeneficial functions such asproviding a platform to discussindustry specific issues, collectingand disseminating aggregatemarket information to helpmembers make informeddecisions, carrying out marketresearch, publishing trade journals/reports and organizing conferences/periodic meetings. Thus, tradeassociations perform plethora oflegitimate functions that promotecompetitiveness of the industry asa whole and also enhanceconsumer welfare.Despite their many procompetitiveaspects, they remainvulnerable to stepping outside theboundaries placed by competitionlaw. This is because by definition,trade associations offeropportunities for repeated contactsbetween direct competitors andinvolve cooperation amongstcompetitors in the same trade. InFair Play Volume 2 : July - September 20124Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201259

1776, Adam Smith observed inThe Wealth of Nations, “People ofthe same trade seldom meettogether, even for merriment anddiversion, but the conversationends in a conspiracy against thepublic, or in some contrivance toraise prices”. Casual discussions ofprices, quantities, customers,territories, market shares, terms ofsales and advertising restrictionsand future business strategies canlead to agreements or informalunderstanding. This could easilyspill over into illegal coordination,so called cartelisation. In addition,to the extent that the legitimateoperations of an association mayinvolve some sort of regulatoryfunction, an association maycontribute to the creation ofbarriers to entry or restrict theability of competitors to competein a given market such as throughexclusive or closed discriminativeindustry standards. At the sametime, trade association may distortthe market competition byboycotting a member or product orcolluding to raise price or limitsupply of goods and services. Inhighly concentrated markets, suchprobability is higher but even infragmented markets, tradeassociations have been found toindulge into anti-competitiveconduct.Thus, there is no doubt that tradeassociations do add value toindustry/sector where they operatebut they may also turn out to befacilitator of anti-competitiveconduct – inadvertently ordeliberately. This may be becausetrade associations significantlylower the organisation cost ofcoordinated behaviour in themarkets. They not only lower thecost of meetings and coordinationof activities among firms in amarket but also facilitateestablishment and sustenance of acartel.Trade Associations andCompetition LawCompetition law treats theactivities of trade associationsmuch like any other form ofcooperation between competitors.For competition law purposes,decisions or recommendations oftrade associations are treated asagreements between its membersand law may be breached evenwhen they are not binding on themembers. Competitionenforcement is getting increasinglyfocussed on trade associations'practices that facilitate collusionamong the members. A fairnumber of the cartel cases broughtby competition agencies aroundthe world directly or indirectlyinvolve a trade association.The Competition Commission ofIndia (CCI) has not been anexception to the global trend andthe very first case investigated byCCI related to actions of a tradeassociation. CCI imposed anominal penalty of Rs. 1 lakh eachon 27 film producers on charges ofcolluding through an association toexploit multiplex owners. Similarorders were passed by theCommission in the cases ofReliance Big Entertainment andUTV Software against FilmChambers of Commerce andMotion Picture Associationsoperating in various states in India.The first time CCI used its powersunder Section 33 of theCompetition Act, 2002(hereinafter, the Act) alsohappened to be against a tradeassociation i.e. Paper MerchantAssociation. In cases against filmassociations, CCI found that rulesregarding compulsory registrationof films before release as well asrules restricting business bymembers with non-members wereanti-competitive in nature andviolated Section 3(3) of the Act.Similarly, in the Travel AgentsAssociation case, refusal to deal byCompetition law treatsthe activities of tradeassociations much likeany other form ofcooperation betweencompetitors.way of boycott was held asviolation of Section 3(3) (b) of theAct. The Commission also imposedhefty penalty against cementmanufacturers as well as CementManufacturers Association. TheCommission has recently imposedpenalty on Chemists and DruggistsAssociations for violation of Section3(3) (a) (b) of the Act.Thus, it may be seen that in a shortspan of three years, CCI has founda number of practices andconducts of trade associations asanti-competitive. Many practices ofassociations, which they thought astheir legitimate right such ascompulsory membership, pricedetermination, commission anddiscounts, imposition of arbitraryrules etc., have been found to bein breach of the Act. These ordersof CCI are a clear message to thetrade associations that they mustuse the opportunity of comingtogether to further the legitimateinterests of their businesscommunity and consumers andnot indulge in anti-competitiveactivities.The Act does not create anyexception for trade associations.Trade associations find explicitmention in Section 19(1) of theAct. Furthermore, tradeassociations may be covered underSection 2 (k) (v) of the Act underthe heading “Association ofPersons”. Association of enterpriseas mentioned in Section 3 of theAct may also be considered astrade association. Thus, it isplausible to assume that legislativeintent has been to curb anticompetitiveconduct of tradeassociations. Since the membership60 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 20125Volume 2 : July - September 2012Fair Play

www.aigmf.comof trade associations comprises ofcompetitors, every decision,direction or recommendation of anassociation is generally required tobe arrived at by consensus amongstthe members. This meeting ofminds amongst competitors maybe construed as an 'agreement'within the meaning of the Actattracting provisions of Section 3 ofthe Act. Most of the prohibitedconduct of trade associations mayfall in the category of cartelisatonand the Act provides for stringentpenalty for cartel behaviour. Thepenalty provided is ten per cent ofthe turnover or three times theprofits, whichever is greater. Thereis also a whistle-blower typeprovision for lesser penalty on aparty to a cartel that comes cleanwith full and true disclosure thatyields vital information, andcooperates with CCI.ComplianceAs the English maxim goes,prevention is better than cure. Inview of the serious risks of violationof competition law, it becomesimperative for the tradeassociations to know theboundaries of their legitimateconduct to ensure compliance withthe competition law. Compliancewith the law not only reduces theincidence of anti-competitivepractices, but substantially reducesthe need for enforcement action,thus saving cost both for theaffected party and theCommission.Trade associations are advisedbased on the experience CCI hasgained since 2009 that often bylaws,rules and regulations framedby trade associations containclauses, which are restrictive andmarket distorting in their impact.When members of tradeassociation agree amongthemselves to enforce such clauses,they may be committing breach ofSection 3 of the Act. CCI hasTrade associations havea major responsibility inpromoting complianceto competition law anddevelop a strongcompetition culture inthe country.ordered trade associations found inbreach of Section 3 of the Act toamend such by-laws etc and theyare complying by removing anticompetitiveclauses from theirmemorandums and by-laws. Giventhe length and breadth of thecountry and thousands of tradeassociations existing in varioussectors of Indian economy,voluntary compliance is solicitedfrom trade associations to removethe anti-competitive clauses fromtheir statutes.Trade associations are not only atthe risk of violating the competitionlaw, but can also benefit from it.They need to be aware of howthey can take advantage ofopportunities offered by the Act forthe benefit of the industry. Theycan identify marketplace issues andcan often assist in resolving theseissues by acting as the liaisonbetween CCI and the industry. Forexample, trade associations of finalproducers, may furnish informationto CCI for institution of enquiry ifthey suspect cartelisation amongstmanufacturers of raw/intermediatematerials. Recent example isinformation filed by BuildersAssociation against the cementproducers. Association can alsotake class action by filingapplication with the CompetitionAppellate Tribunal for award ofcompensation to offsetloss/damages caused to itsmembers. They may drawattention of the Commission toanti-competitive practicesemanating from government laws /policies to take up withgovernment as part of advocacy. InKorea, over 150 laws have beenamended pursuant to advicerendered by Korean CompetitionBody. In addition to the variousbeneficial functions performed fortheir members, the associationscan also act as a vehicle topromote pro-competitive activitiesamongst their members. They arethe first line of defence forpreserving competition in theeconomy because advice given bythem to their members to complywith law amounts to far moreeffective law enforcement thanprosecuting violators after the fact.In line with the market friendlyapproach, CCI has been interactingwith associations on a continuousbasis right from the inception. Theassociations are encouraged to visitCommission's office, interact withthe officials and invite them tospeak to their members on ways tocomply with the law. They can alsobe a good vehicle to help CCI inthe advocacy efforts for reachingout to their members. TheCommission would encourage allassociations and their members toput in place a CompetitionCompliance Programme availableon the Commission's website.Associations may also try todevelop best practices guidelinesfor their members to createawareness of acceptable andunacceptable behaviour under theAct. Such guidelines by trade andprofessional associations arecommonplace all over the world.To sum up, trade associations havea major responsibility in promotingcompliance to competition lawand develop a strong competitionculture in the country. It is hopedthat these associations will addressthis issue with the seriousness itdeserves and help the Commissionto carry forward the agenda ofcompetition in India.“Originally published in Volume 2, July-September, 2012 issue of Fair Play, Quarterly Newsletter of Competition Commission of India”Fair Play Volume 2 : July - September 20126Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201261

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www.aigmf.comCeraGlass india 2012International B2B Trade Fair & Conference onCeramics, Glass & Allied Products(December 15 – 18, 2012)A reportAs a Supporting Association, participated in CeraGlass India 2012, an International B2B Trade Fair &Conference on Ceramics, Glass & Allied Products held in Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) from December 15 – 18, 2012.CERAGLASS was jointly organized by RIICO (Rajasthan State Industrial Development and InvestmentCorporation), CII (Confederation of Indian Industry) and the Government of India with participation from 10states and five countries-China, France, Germany, Italy and Korea.Rajasthan Minister of Industries and Mines, Honorable Shri Rajendra Pareek announced a fund ofRs 10 crore for skill development in the Ceramic and Glass sector.Rajasthan is home to 80% of the raw material used in the ceramic andglass sector and such events along with the dedicated zone inGhilot will give a fillip to this industry in the state,said Shreekant Somany, Co-Chairman,CeraGlass India 2012.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201263

The four-day CeraGlass India showcased latestin the ceramics and glass industry, be it theraw materials and finished goods or advancedmachinery and the best technology.CeraGlass India 2012 was inaugurated withRajasthani folk dances in the background.On display were Ceramics, glass and alliedproducts for building construction, interiordecorations, etc. Raw materials, finished products,technologies, machinery, etc. were also displayed.Special mention be made of display of tiles,pottery, sanitary ware, bangles and artificialjewellery.A special attraction for the visitorswas CeraHaat, which, in a rural setting showcasedthe world of rich Indian pottery, ceramics and glassheritage, all handmade.Technical conferences were organised on topicsranging from ‘Natural Gas Scenario in Rajasthan’to the ‘Role of Ceramics Tiles in SustainableDevelopment’; from ‘Green Building Movement inIndia’ to ‘Urban Planning’.75 ASEAN students visit CERAGLASS2012A contingent of 75 students under the umbrella64 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comof Association of East Asian Nations(ASEAN) who were on a study tourof the country and four studentsfrom India visited this InternationalBusiness to Business( B2B) expositionand conferences and were enthralledby the brilliant showcase of the mostmodern technologies as well as thetraditional items in the ceramics andglass sector.While addressing the valedictoryfunction of CeraGlass 2012, organizedby RIICO, CII & ICS at Sitapura ExportPromotion Industrial Park in Jaipur,Mr. Pareek said that “A major effort isneeded to train the workforce now thatthe Ceramic Hub at Ghilot would be coming upvery soon. “Once the investment comes to Ghilot,we should be ready with the skilled work force”.Mr. Pareek further added that “RIICO wouldalso provide land to institutes who want for skilldevelopment to promote such training centres inIndustrial areas”. “We will also work and comeout with a roadmap and a customized packageof incentives to attract more investments in theceramic and glass sector in Rajasthan”, he added.The Minister also said that the state will also like tofacilitate technology transfer from other countriesinto Rajasthan.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201265

Securing A BrightFuture for Glass Packagingwww.aigmf.comHöganäs has been developing and manufacturing metal powders since the company introduced the spongeiron process in 1910. Today Höganäs has production and sales offices worldwide and since more than 25 yearsthe company has manufacturing operations in India.One of the main application areas for Höganäs’ powders is thermal surfacing which offers a cost-efficientmethod to provide metal objects with high resistance to wear, corrosion and fast thermal cycling. For manyyears thermal surfacing solutions have helped companies in the glass industry to protect and repair bottlemachine tools used in the production of glass. This has opened up an opportunity for cost reduction - a keysuccess factor in the industry.Glass recyclingSome would say the glass industry is mature but it is still growing and entering a new spring. One of thereasons behind this growth is that it provides a very attractive packaging alternative. In Europe, the world’slargest producer of container glass, glass stands for 34% of the total packaging market for beverages and hasan annual growth rate of 4.2%. The use of glass packaging is motivated by two main arguments. One is healthand safety as glass transfers no substances to food. The other is the low environmental impact thanks to thepossibility to recycle glass.The glass recycling rate of many European countries is currently quite high and still increasing. In Europe, theaverage rate is 68% but in some countries such as Belgium and Sweden it exceeds 90%. In India the practice ofglass recycling is trailing a bit but trends show that it is rapidly increasing.Over the years the quality of recycled glass has increased a lot to reach a point today where new containers canbe made thinner without losing strength. This enables a reduction of the environmental impact by reducingtransportation and handling weight.Surface coating techniques help recycle glass manufacturing toolsRecycling is not limited to the actual glass products. The industrial parts used to manufacture glass, for instanceglass moulds, neck rings and bottom plates can be repaired to “as new” condition and thus be recycled. Thiscan be achieved by applying a process in which a protective layer consisting of a powder consumable isdeposited to the surface of the part. In turn, this allows glass manufacturers to save the environment andreduce costs with up to 50%. After three to four times of repairing the part, it can be scrapped and the metalrecycled.Glass mould, neck rings and bottom plateKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201267

There are a variety of different deposition techniquesavailable for protecting and repairing these parts- the best choice depends on circumstances suchas the shape of the parts and the volumes to beproduced.Traditionally, powder welding has been a widelyused deposition technique within the glassindustry. This manual method enables depositionof layer thicknesses of 0.1 mm to 12 mm with closedimensional control and is particularly suitable forbuilding up edges and corners. As it is a manualmethod, the final results depend on the skill of theoperator.One deposition technique that has steadily grownin popularity in Europe, mainly because of itstechnological advantages and cost/quality ratio,is Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) welding. PTAallows accurate control of coating, shape, thicknessand penetration and can be used for both castiron and bronze moulds. In contrast to powderwelding, this is an automated technique that, oncethe parameters are set for a part, enables the samefinal result throughout the production cycle. Glassmanufacturers that need to repair large series canthus benefit from the uniform quality provided byPTA.Cost reduction a clear argumentfor switching techniqueAs in most industries, keeping costs at a minimumis key to gain competitive advantage in the glassindustry. For this reason, many companies chooseto switch from powder welding to PTA as it, forinstance, offers superior material utilisation - 80-90% (20-10% powder scrap) compared to 60-80%(40-20% powder scrap) for powder welding.Moreover, PTA consumes about 35% less powderthan powder welding. As the following examplesillustrates, combining PTA with a suitable powderconsumable enables even further cost reductions.Powder & PTASave 960 litres of gas per day13% less gas650 kg less powder per year 15% less powder130,000 more parts per year 7% faster processChoosing the best techniqueThe best choice of deposition technique dependson each specific case. Companies manufacturinglarge volumes can benefit from techniques that canbe automated in order to produce long series fasterand with a more consistent quality. By replacingpowder welding with PTA, companies can use asmaller work force, work 24 hours a day and lowerthe number of rejects.PTA and the more recent technique laser claddingboth provide fully automated welding techniquesthat offer good bonding to the substrate whilemaintaining a low heat affected zone (HAZ).Moreover, they provide relatively good depositionrates, particularly in comparison to powderwelding. For that reason some might opt for thesetechniques despite higher initial investment costs.Each deposition technique as well as the specificdemands of an application, such as resistance towear, corrosion, thermal cycling and machininglimitations, has direct impact on the choice ofpowder consumable. Höganäs provides globaltechnical support to help customers get the mostout of their processes by finding the optimumcombination of deposition technique and powderconsumable .http://www.hoganasthermalspray.com/PTA unit and PTA weld68 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

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www.aigmf.comVitreous Silica andits Various Properties:Part IProf (Dr.) A. K. BandyopadhyayTe c h n o l o g y Co n s u lta n t & Ex-Principal,Go v t. College o f En g g. & Ce r a m i c Te c h n o l o g y,We s t Be n g a l University o f Te c h n o l o g y, Ko l k ataasisbanerjee1000@gmail.comAbstractVitreous silica is a very importantmaterial in terms of its variousproperties and different usesin scientific laboratories andindustries. Its structural propertycan be used as a benchmarkfor developing our knowledgeon other more complicatedcommercial silicate glasses.Here, a brief review is givenon vitreous silica and someinteresting properties, notably itsthermodynamic properties.I. IntroductionIn modern technology, silicate glass has been extensivelyused. There is a multitude of the specialized applications incommunications, electronics and composites, wherein traditionaluses for containers, windows, lamps, and optical componentsare being supplemented. Fibre optic waveguides, laser optics forinitiating fusion reactions and container for radioactive wastesare some of the recent developments that demonstrate theimportance, versatility, and promise of glass for additional uses.Data on silicate properties of glasses are abundantly available indifferent textbooks, journals and corporate datasheets on glasses.Considering the utility of such glasses, risk can be taken even onrepetition of certain known facts for the ready-made knowledgeof the concerned readers. The objective of this article is thus tobroaden our knowledge-base on a particularly important glassproduct, i.e. vitreous silica, to technologists and scientists, albeitthese glasses are produced in a smaller scale of operation.Compositionally speaking, it is the simplest silicate glass and hasa lot of commercial importance. It is already known that manyproperties of silica normally guide our basic understanding ofproperties of multi-component silicate glasses, as the siliconoxygennetwork is the fundamental structural component of allsilicate glasses. It also determines many properties that dependon the distribution of such SiO 4tetrahedral network.For commercial silicate glasses, the compositions are generallyexpressed as representative and not always exact, because incommercial practice, especially for large tonnage glasses suchas soda-lime-silica, wide variations in composition is toleratedfor various applications. These variations are frustrating forcontrolled studies of properties and for some applications butmust be recognized with a proper perspective. Most of propertyKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201271

values for commercial glasses should be taken fromthe datasheets of various manufacturers [1].II. Vitreous SilicaVitreous silica (SiO 2) is the simplest silicate glassand for some properties such as strength and opticalproperties can be used as a starting point for theunderstanding of other commercial silicates glasses.Other properties such as viscosity, thermal expansionand electrical conductivity are strongly dependent onglass composition. Even for these properties, thereare similarities in the behavior of vitreous silica andmulti-component silicate glasses.Vitreous silica is also called silica glass, fused glass,fused quart, or simply quart. The terms vitreoussilica and silica glass are preferred because differentmethods of manufacture and starting materials givethe same final structure, but quartz is not a suitableterm because of the confusion of the crystallinequartz. Various Properties are discussed here.2.1 Types of CompositionsAs silica is the simplest form of raw material for anyindustrial glasses, it could be thought that it is veryeasy to choose silica as a raw material. In practice, itis not so, since there are not only different forms ofsilica existing in nature, but also there are a varietyof locations with a range of different impuritiesthat are present in silica. Hence, the choice ofraw material in case of vitreous silica also needsspecial attention and consideration. Mainly, thereare various types of silica. Some types are based onnatural quartz crystals -- either chunks or sand, asraw materials. So the impurity content is variable,but it can be reduced by pretreatment, especially ofsand. There are other types that are purer, but theyare quite expensive due to the nature of processingtechniques and their cost.2.2 Types of UsesVitreous silica is one of the purest materialscommercially available. It is used for cruciblesand furnaces for high-temperature processing,especially of semiconductors, for lamp envelopes,for electrical transducers and insulators, and foroptical components such as fibre optics telescopemirror, lenses, and prisms. These uses becomepossible due to different properties of high purity,high-temperature stability, low thermal shock,low electrical conductivity and dielectric loss,high chemical durability and a wide range of highoptical transparency. Even wider use of vitreoussilica is limited by it’s high cost, that results fromthe high temperature which is needed to melt silica(nearly 2000 0 C) and the expense of the containerand power used.Two newly developing applications of vitreoussilica are of special importance and interest:Optical Waveguide of vitreous silica of veryhigh transparency, replacing metallic cables inmany communications systems. The high opticaltransparency, resistance to radiation damage andeasy formability of vitreous silica made it idealfor this application. The oxidation of silicon toform a thin layer of vitreous silica on its surfacein “electronic devices” provides a stable, highresistanceinsulator. The silica formed in this wayhas the same properties of bulk vitreous silica ofhigh purity.2.3 Method of ManufactureVitreous silica crucibles are often made by arcmelting of quartz sand that acts as a self–container.This method gives many bubbles. Ingots of vitreoussilica are made by heating quartz sand or chunks incrucibles of graphite, molybdenum, or tungsten invacuum or in an inert or reducing atmosphere. Thetemperature is usually 1800 to 2000 o C. It must begreater than the melting temperature of cristobaliteof 1740 o C. The ingot is then cut up or drawn toother shapes as tubing or rod.Very pure vitreous silica is made from vapour-phaseoxidation or hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride(SiCl 4). In one method the SiCl 4is mixed withoxygen and natural gas, fed through a burner,and deposited on a substrate of preheated sandor, on a rotating air-cooled mandrel of aluminum.The plasma can also be used. Fibres of silica canbe pulled from a pre-formed vitreous silica rod orother convenient shape.The most interesting method of fabrication ofvitreous silica crucibles and other items forlaboratory and technical uses is that due toCorning Glass Works (USA). It is called Vycor 7900glass. This is made by etching a phase-separatedboro-silicate glass to give finely porous structure– so called “thirsty glass” and then heating theporous material at ~1000 o C to form a dense andclear glass. It contains about 96%SiO 2, 4%B 2O 3, and0.03%Na 2O, K 2O and Al 2O 3. Due to the presence72 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comof boric oxide, the temperature and consequentlythe viscosity can be controlled for the purpose ofeasier fabrication of different shapes, as desired.The porosity in such compositions arises due to thepresence of phase-separated globules all over theglass matrix and these globules get etched out bya treatment with acidic solutions leaving behind afine distribution of pores that is finally removed bythe heat-treatment.2.4 The StructureThe basic structural unit of vitreous silica isobviously silicon–oxygen tetrahedron, as in allsilicate glasses or crystalline silicates. There aretwo methods of determining the tetrahedral natureas the fundamental building block of silicateglass, such as small angle X-ray diffraction andneutron diffraction through Fourier analysis of thediffraction data. The method is to calculate the radialdistribution function (RDF) from the diffractiondiagrams through Fourier Transform techniqueand then plot it against distance [2]. The first peakdue to Si-O bond is integrated by computer todetermine the co-ordination number of silicon as“4”. In vitreous silica, these tetrahedra are linked toother tetrahedra at their corners in a 3-D network.The structure has order on a “short range” of a fewArmstrong -- one or two co-ordination of sphere oftetrahedra around a central atom (i.e. silicon), butno “long range” order beyond a few tetrahedra.This structure is best described by random networktheory, as developed by Mozzi and Warren in1969 [3]. Many other research workers have alsoproposed micro-crystallite models.III. Thermodynamic PropertiesAmong all the properties studied on glasses,thermodynamic property is the most important one.It non only determines the possibility of formationof glasses within a given zone of composition, butalso it allows us to calculate thermal property,such as heat capacity or specific heat, to be ableto estimate the requirement of total energy evenfor commercial glasses that are melted in a tankfurnace. Some authors [4] have given details ofcalculation of thermodynamic properties of silicaat high temperature and experimental results formany different reactions involving silicon andoxygen. The author used heat capacity values(in kilojoule per mole per degree Kelvin) of silicacalculated from the following equation:C p=55.98+(15.40×10 -3 )T-(14.4×10 5 /T 2 ) (1)where, T is the absolute temperature in degree Kelvin.This equation follows closely the data chosen bySosman, as given in Ref. [4]. The data are questionableabove about 1100 o C. So, more reliable values shouldbe used above 1100 o C for better accuracy. Below themelting temperature of silicon (1412 o C) the formationequation isSi (solid) + O 2(gas) = SiO 2(vitreous) (2)The heat of formation ∆H fat temperatures different from25 o C can be calculated from the reaction where ∆C Pisthe difference in heat capacities at constant pressure forreaction (2):∆C P= C P(SiO 2) –C P(O 2) –C P(Si) (3)The entropy of formation ∆S fcan be calculated from therelation and finally the free energy of formation as afunction of temperature can be expressed as:∆G f= ∆H f – T∆S f(4).3.1 Melting TemperatureThe measurement of the melting temperature ofcristobalite is probably 1734 o C, although lower valuesnear 1725 0 C are often quoted. Quartz melts at 1410 o Cand is the stable phase below 870 o C. Small amounts ofimpurities stabilize tridymite from 870 to 1470 0 C, witha melting temperature of 1680 0 C. Each of these threephases have α and β modifications which representsmall structural variants. The αβ transformationoccurs at the following temperatures: a) quartz, 573 o C,b) tridymite, 163 o C, c) cristobalite ∼270 o C.3.2 Heat CapacityThe heat capacity at constant pressure (C p) for type–1(water-free) vitreous silica is quite interesting. Thevalues from –200 to 1100 o C can be taken from differentcompilations in the earlier years [5]. They agree wellwith those published recently [4] from 30 to 200 o C, butabove 200 0 C some other data are progressively lower at428 0 C. For example, at 400 0 C, it was found to be 62.8Jmole -1 K -1 .Up to 1100 0 C the heat capacities of vitreous silica andcrystalline cristobalite are nearly the same, except nearthe α-β transformation of cristobalite. Above about1100 0 C, the values chosen by Sosman for vitreous silicashow an anomalous increase above those of cristobalite.He apparently derived these anomalous values from theresult of Wietzel [5], whereas at least one other set ofKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201273

data showed no anomalous increase up to 1400 0 C. Above1100 0 C vitreous silica crystallizes, and it is possible thatthe higher values were influenced by crystallization. Inany event, it seems to be better to use the heat capacitiesof cristobalite for vitreous silica above 1100 0 C. Therehave been a number of recent measurements of heatcapacities that are higher than expected from the Debyemodel.3.3 Vapour PressureAbove about 1350 0 C vitreous silica begins tovaporize by the following reaction:SiO 2=SiO+1/2O 2(5)The SiO only exist in vapor. It forms on depositingon the solid surface. In flame working vitreoussilica, one can observe a band of haze just outsidethe intensely heated region, which results from redepositedSiO 2granules. The haze can be removedby gentle reheating in the flame. The vaporizationreaction is much enhanced in vacuum or in areducing atmosphere. An equation for the pressureof SiO in atm over vitreous silica under neutralconditions above 2000 K islnp(SiO)=18.41[1–(3160/T)] (6)with T in degree Kelvin. The total pressure is just1.5p(SiO). Below 2000 K the equation is expressedas:lnp(SiO)=19.72[1–(3075/T)] (7)In air of pressure p tthe SiO pressure over vitreoussilica is:p SiO(p t+p SiO) 1/2 =exp[28.0(1-3110/T)] (8)3.4 Rate of CrystallizationThe rate of crystallization of vitreous silica risesfrom zero at the melting point of cristobalite (about1740 0 C) to a maximum of about 2×10 7 cms -1 at about1675 0 C decreases to lower rates at lower temperatures.Nevertheless, surface crystallization or “devitrification”can be significant in practical uses of vitreous silica totemperatures as low as 1000 0 C, especially if the surfaceis in contact with some foreign substances that can actas a nucleation agent. The crystalline phase that formsis β-cristobalite, which has almost the same densityand refractive index as vitreous silica, so it may not benoticed at higher temperatures. At about 270 0 C or below,the β-cristobalite transforms to more dense α-cristobalitewith a large volume change that causes crackin aroundthe crystals, thereby reducing the strength and opticalclarity of the silica.3.5 Surface EnergyThe theoretically calculated surface energy ofvitreous silica at 25 0 C is about 5.2 J m -2 . Thecalculated value of 3.5 J m -2 for soda–lime glassagrees with the lowest fracture energies of thisglass found experimentally, as expected. Thesevalues are much higher than the surface tension ofa molten silica surface of about 0.3 J m -2 at 1800 0 C,because the later is rapidly covered with silanolgroup (SiOH) after its formation.IV. ConclusionIn conclusion, it can be said that vitreous silica,although manufactured in a relatively smaller scale,commands a lot of importance so far the industrialsilicate glasses are concerned. As the structure issimpler due to the use of the simplest raw material,i.e. silica, this glass can be used as a benchmarkfor studying the structure of more complicatedmulti-component silicate glasses. Moreover, itsproperties can also serve as a knowledge-basefor studying other commercial silicate glasses.Only thermodynamic properties have been brieflydiscussed here. In the second part other propertieswill be elaborated with some details.References1. J. E. Stanworth, “Physical Properties of Glass”,Clarendon Press, Oxford (1950).2. A. K. Bandyopadhyay, “Nano Materials”, New AgeSci, Tunbridge Wells, UK (2010).3. H. Rawson, “Inorganic Glass-Forming Systems”,Academic Press, New York (1967).4. J. Zarzycki, “Les Verres et L’etat Vitreaux”, Mason,Paris (1982).5. G. W. Morey, “The Properties of Glass”, Reinhard,New York (1954).Advertise onWebsiteAIGMF website is promoted across entire Glass fraternity bringing many visitors to the site providingexcellent exposure to your company’s products and services. Advertisement will provide direct link to yourcompany’s website.For more information on the available advertising options please send e-mail to info@aigmf.com74 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

TECHNOLOGY > batch preheatingwww.aigmf.comFigure 1: Batch preheater pilot plant.Considering batchpreheating forEgbert Wenninger discusses whether batch preheating istechnically and financially viable for the flat glass industry.Founded in 1920, EMEMaschinenfabrik Clasen GmbHhas developed into a keysupplier in the areas of batch plant,cullet return and associatedequipment. A quarter of a centuryago, EME joined the Sorg Groupwhere, together with Nikolaus SorgGmbH & Co KG and Sorg KarrenaService GmbH, it occupies aprominent position in the glassindustry.The Sorg Group can supply theentire glass melting process fromraw materials delivery throughdelivering molten glass to theforming machines. Only through the close co-operation ofbatch and melting technology was it possible to develop acomplete and optimal solution for batch preheating.CONCEPT FEASIBILITY QUESTIONSAttempts at the realisation of batch preheating go backdecades but to this day, there are few furnaces worldwideto implement this concept. This is due in part to the pastrequirement to use a high percentage of cullet to avoidand manage clumping. For that reason, the focus hasprimarily been on the glass container sector.Together with Nikolaus Sorg, EME has pioneered atechnology that makes batch preheating feasible. Theresult is the BATCH3 concept, a combination of a hotterdoghouse together with a sealed batch charger.In the flat glass sector and especially for the floatprocess, cost pressures associatedwith energy consumption areenormous. Melting and formingprocesses, together with the tin bathrequire an abundance of energy. Theprospect of saving 10% or moreenergy as is the current case withglass containers will have an evenhigher impact on float.To melt 1kg of glass, a floatfurnace typically requires 1.5kWhof energy. A common 600 tons/day float furnace consumes 328million kWh/year or the equivalentof thirty two million cubic metres ofnatural gas. A saving of 10% wouldAIGMFKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012GW43 Sep-Oct 2012 Alt.indd 92 14/12/2012 10:2075

TECHNOLOGY > batch preheatingFigure 2: Batchpreheater flow diagram.supply the complete energy needsof 1300 German households. Thiswould reduce CO 2 emissions by7500 tons per year! Still the centralquestion remains: Is batch preheatingtechnically and financially viable forthe flat glass industry?The batch preheating systemfrom Sorg and EME is the resultof multi-year development efforts.After developing a concept, a pilotplant was built over two years agothat delivered critical results. Onewas that soda ash releases waterat high temperatures, leading to thetendency to clump. An importantaspect for the next developmentstage was a batch preheater thatallowed the extraction of batchmoisture.The resulting prototype foresawthe proactive extraction of water. Allrelevant parts of the preheater werebuilt to full size and were testedunder realistic conditions (see figure1). Varying batch compositions, culletpercentages and moisture contentswere tested. The wear patterns ofcritical components were observedand improved in multiple iterations.The final batch preheater designis a modular concept (figure 2) thatcan be quickly adapted to differenttonnages and furnace sizes. This isachieved through vertical modulesthat sit on top of one another. Inthe upper segments, the moistureis extracted to the outside at lowerFigure 3: This full-scale batch preheater production unit was commissioned in October 2011.temperatures. This reduces clumpinglater on in the system. The moistureis removed in a controlled manner.In the closed system of heatexchangers, the waste gas passesthrough the batch as it heads to thecharger. Additionally, mechanicalvibrators in the heat exchangersbreak up any clumps and allow for anideal batch transport.OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCEThis system was implemented at alarge glass container manufacturerin October 2011, with the entirebatch needs of the furnace runningthrough the batch preheater (figure3). All experiences with the pilotsystem have been integrated intothis full size installation, along withsome detailed improvements. Forsafety reasons, a bypass has beenimplemented to allow batch inemergency or maintenance periodsto be fed directly to the furnace.In February 2012, a planned inspection took place todetermine wear patterns. The wear especially on the heatexchangers was significantly less than expected. Afterthis short offline testing period, the batch preheater wasrestored to full service. The energy savings measured overmonths of service for the preheater and BATCH3 systemare in double digit percentages and exceed expectations.Currently the Sorg Group is working on concepts forthe float glass industry. Talks with manufacturers havebeen very positive and the group is optimistic that thistechnology will eventually be implemented in float glassfurnaces.ABOUT THE AUTHOR:Egbert Wenninger is Managing Director at EMEMaschinenfabrik ClasenFURTHER INFORMATION:EME Maschinenfabrik Clasen GmbH, Erkelenz,Germanytel: +49 9352 507190email: Wenninger@eme.deweb: www.eme.deAIGMF76 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012GW43 Sep-Oct 2012 Alt.indd 93 14/12/2012 10:20

www.aigmf.comNOTE: WE DO FURNACE DISMANTLE WORK ALSO:Email: zulfiqar_ali_fzd@yahoo.comKanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201277

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www.aigmf.comGlass NewsWorldwideBritish Glass Announces Pablo Isasmendi as 2013 PresidentBritish Glass announced PabloIsasmendi, Managing Director ofGuardian Industries U.K. glass division,as its 2013 President. BeginningJanuary 2013, Isasmendi will focus onincreasing the presence of the flat glassmanufacturers within British Glass andto continue to work closely with theorganization to help ensure that the glassindustry is kept up to date on potentialchanges in regulations and legislation.For more information on GuardianIndustries UK Glass Division visitwww.guardianglass.co.ukGlass Focus Conference2013Pablo Isasmendi accepting the position of British Glass President 2013 fromDave Dalton Chief Executive of British GlassGlass Focus 2013 will be held on 23May 2013 at the Radisson Blu Hotel, Manchester Airport, United Kingdom. Themed “Forward thinking andinnovative dimensions for glass and the glass supply chain” the conference will feature Rt. Hon. MichaelFallon MP -Minister of State for Business and Enterprise, James Fothergill – Head of Education and Skills atCBI, and Dave Dalton – Chief Executive Officer of British Glass as well as expert speakers on key industrytopics and issues.An innovation room will showcase the verylatest in glass developments, capabilities andtechnologies for this fast-moving industryand British Glass are inviting all organisationsacross the supply-chain to submit proposalsto exhibit their latest technology ordevelopments at the event.For further information, or to book places,please contact Jackie Donoghue at BritishGlass on glassconference@britglass.co.uk orvisit at www.britglass.org.uk/Glass-Focus-2013 for the latest information about GlassFocus 2013.Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201279

Glass packaging growth helpsindustry to weather long-windedcrisisGlass packaging productionvolumes in Europe grew by 1.9%in the first half 2012. The growthis in response to the increasingdemand on the domestic andoutside EU markets. This buildson the positive trend recorded in2011. Despite the unstable economic and financialcrisis that negatively affects the whole Europeanmanufacturing sector, these records shed a positivelight on the stability and future prosperity of theEuropean container glass sector.New www.Glassfiles.com now up andrunningThe Tampere University of Technology, Finland andthe Tampere Regional Glass Cluster announced therelease of new and improved Glassfiles.com webportal. The new version has been expanded andbroadened compared to its predecessor generation.It serves its users with further developed userprofiles, more comprehensive content and newinteractive features. Around 30,000 users benefitfrom some 8,000 pages of information on glasstechnology and related subjects.Horn Glass Industries AG andglass global consulting GmbH arejoining forces to further minimiseNOx emissions at glass meltingfurnaces with additional benefitssuch as production increase,quality increase and/or energycost savingsGGC is licensing their ggENOx system, todaysuitable for regenerative end-port furnaces only, toHORN with the goal to jointly expand this systemto all type of furnaces.The developments of ggENOx, AIF project KF2579001HG0, have been finished mid 2012 withseveral industrial installations in operation.“The collaboration with HORN enables GGC tofaster develop and implement new and innovativeideas with clear commercial benefits to ourcustomers.”, Hans Mahrenholtz, MD of GGC said.LiSEC Automation enters a strategicpartnership with Smart-BuilderThanks to the newlyformed partnership,customers can automatetheir operations from sitemeasurements through toglass production. Smart-Builder software providesglass and hardwarecalculations for structuressuch as showers, splashbacks, balustrades andshopfronts. These can then be fully integrated intothe LiSEC order management software, GPS.order,and the LiSEC production control software, GPS.prod.With the integration of Smart-Builder into theLiSEC Software product range, all users will beone step ahead of future developments in the glassindustry. “This will support our customers in thedaily running of their business as well as theircustomer relations”, Schoisswohl added.To find out more about the software visitwww.smart-builder.com or email info@smartbuilder.comU.S. International Trade Commissionupholds tariffs on Chinese PVproductsIn November 2012 the U.S. International TradeCommission (ITC) unanimously confirmed theimposition of anti-dumping and countervailingduties between 24% and 255% on imports ofcrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic (PV) cells fromChina, and modules made from those cells.However, the ITC rejected the application of criticalcircumstances, meaning that tariffs will not beretroactive from the date of preliminary decisions.80 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

www.aigmf.comThe trade case, initiated through a petition filed bySolarWorld AG’s (Bonn, Germany) U.S. subsidiary,has divided the U.S. and global solar industry.Skinnygirl Vodka wins top glasspackaging award for 2012The Glass Packaging Institute (GPI) has announcedthe winners of its 2012 Clear Choice Awards. Thisyear, eight consumer product goods companieswere recognized for their achievements in creatinginnovative glass packages with shelf impact.Entries were judged on innovation, packagedesign (including container label and closure), andconsumer appeal.While there are eight specific product categories,Skinnygirl Vodka, made by Beam Global Wineand Spirits Inc., was named the overall winnerby a panel ofindependentjudges. Theglass containerfor SkinnygirlVodka ismanufacturedby Vitro.The specific category winners are:Beer CategoryProduct: Bud Light PlatinumCompany: Anheuser-Busch InBevGlass Manufacturer: Verallia North AmericaWine CategoryProduct: WindRacer 2010 Russian River ValleyPinot NoirCompany: Jackson Family WinesGlass Manufacturer: Verallia North AmericaDistilled Spirits Category (tie)Product: Fris VodkaCompany: Pernod-RicardGlass Manufacturer: Verallia North AmericaProduct: Woodford Reserve Master’s CollectionNew Cask RyeCompany: Brown-FormanGlass Manufacturer: Owens-IllinoisFlavored Alcoholic Beverage CategoryProduct: Skinnygirl Vodka with Natural FlavorsCompany: Beam Global Wine and Spirits Inc.Glass Manufacturer: Vitro North AmericaFood CategoryProduct: Grandma Hoerner’s All NaturalPecan Pie FillingCompany: Grandma Hoerner’s FoodsGlass Manufacturer: Ardagh GroupNon-Carbonated Beverage CategoryProduct: HoneydropCompany: Honeydrop BeveragesGlass Manufacturer: VitroCarbonated Beverage CategoryProduct: Boylan Premium SodaCompany: Boylan Bottling Co.Glass Manufacturer: Owens-IllinoisFragrance/Cosmetics/Other CategoryProduct: “A” is for AldoCompany: ALDO GROUPGlass Manufacturer: VitroEU rules closed loop recyclingsuperiorThe European Commission Regulation No1179/2012 sets the criteria which need to be fulfilledin order for cullet (discarded glass) to cease to bewaste and to become a product. The Regulation,which will apply from June 2013, establishes thatwhen glass (for example used bottles and jars) iscollected and processed, it ceases to be waste whendestined for remelt in a furnace for example to makenew bottles and jars. The Regulation encouragesthe closed loop recycling and ensures that culletput on the market will effectively be used.This will hopefully help to increase the quantity andthe quality of the glass which is remelted in a glassfurnace. Each year eighty per cent of the 25 billionglass containers collected in Europe are effectivelyrecycled in a bottle to bottle closed loop system,while the remainder cannot be used because of lowquality and finishes up in other lesser applicationswith little benefit to the environment. The “end ofwaste” status defined by the Regulation thereforerewards efforts made by the industry and allstakeholders along the chain to recycle glass in aclosed loop system and upgrade waste glass to aprecious resource.Because of the inherent properties of glass – 100%infinitely recyclable, reusable and refillable - thebottle to bottle process is sustainably sound.Recycling glass means less use of virgin rawmaterials (e.g. sand, soda ash, limestone), energysavings, and emissions reductions.(Glass News Source: World Wide Web)Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201281

MembershipMembers of the Federation are classified intotwo categories; manufacturers of Primary Glassarticles are enrolled as Ordinary Members ofthe Federation and suppliers to glass industryviz., suppliers of machinery, raw materials,Consultants and others connected with glassindustry are enrolled as Affiliate members.Foreign Companies supplying machineryetc., to glass industry are also enrolled as AffiliatemembersThe membership forms can be downloadedfrom http://www.aigmf.com/membership.phpMembers of the Federation are enrolled on therecommendation of Zonal Associations viz.:• Western India Glass Manufacturers’Association• Eastern India Glass Manufacturers’Association• U.P. Glass Manufacturers’ Syndicate• Northern India Glass Manufacturers’Association and• South India Glass Manufacturers’AssociationMembership ofAdmission Fee / Annual SubscriptionOrdinary Members:Admission fee ` 550/-.Annual subscription:i. Single Unit: ` 13,600/-ii. More than one Unit: ` 50,000/-Affiliate Members:The admission fee and annual subscription is` 2,000/- and ` 5,400/- respectively.Applicants for enrollment for a period offive years may pay a consolidated amount of `27,000/- (including admission fee).Affiliate members from Countriesother than Indiai. The admission fee and annual subscription isUS $ 100/- and US $ 200/- respectively.ii. Applicants for enrollment for a period of fiveyears may pay a consolidated amount of US $1000/- (including admission fee).AGI glasspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.) 2HNG FloatCentre SpreadList of AdvertisersAIGMF 25Amcet Sanli Engineering Co. 66Cosmic Connection 70Dukhiram Maurya Engineering & Refractory Works(India) Pvt. Ltd. 69Empire Industries 78Elektromag Devices Pvt. Ltd. 54Elektromag-Joest Vibration Pvt. Ltd. 54FLSmidth Pfister India Ltd. 48Glacera Engineers 28GLASSPEX INDIA 2013 84Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH 83G M Glass Works No. 2Inside (Back) CoverHeye International 15Hindusthan National Glass & Industries Ltd. Front CoverHöganäs 1Indian Glass Directory 2012 4Lubitech Enterprises 62Mascot Engineering Co.Back CoverPlanet Ceramica Pvt. Ltd. 34R D Ashar Pvt. Ltd. 70RIICO 9SMJ Business Ent. Pvt. Ltd 58Shamvik GlasstechInside (Front) CoverSiemens 10TNH Metal Belts & Conveyors 66Triveni Glass Ltd. 38U.P. Sales 77Umda Enginering 3782 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012

HIGHTECH PRODUCTION PLANTSwww.aigmf.comGrenzebach –Ready for any glass challengeGrenzebach brings you to success with:– 40 years of glass handling experience– Highest product quality– Reliability and Performance– High-tech equipment– Sustainability is our focusGrenzebach – Your Perfect Partnerfor Cold End Equipmentwww.grenzebach.comGrenzebach Maschinenbau GmbHGermany | Phone: +49 906 982-2000 | info@grenzebach.comGrenzebach CorporationUSA | Phone: +1 770 253-4980 | info.gn@grenzebach.comGrenzebach Machinery (Shanghai) Ltd.China | Phone: +86 21 6126-8000 | info.gs@grenzebach.com Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 201283

Discoverthe Worldof Glass3rd20 - 22 March 2013Hall 5, Bombay Convention& Exhibition CentreGoregaon (East), Mumbai, Indiawww.glasspex.comTechnical session 1: Technical session 2:3rd Glass Performance Days Indiaorganised by GPD Finland10th International Conferenceorganised by AIGMF“Energy Efficiency, Solar and Glass Technology in Warm Climates” “Managing Sustainable Growth”19-20 March 2013 20-21 March 2013Messe Düsseldorf India Pvt. Ltd.is ISO-certified by:84 Kanch | Vol 6 | No. 1 | October-December 2012