2007 Issue 3 - Raytheon

Technology 

Today 

HIGHLIGHTING RAYTHEON’S TECHNOLOGY 

2007 Issue 3 

Raytheon’s Command, Control, 

Communications and Intelligence Core Market 

Delivering Operational Advantages for Our Customers

A Message From Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence 

Do you have an idea for an article? 

We are always looking for ways to connect 

with you — our engineering, technology and 

Mission Assurance professionals. If you have 

an article or an idea for an article regarding 

technical achievements, customer solutions, 

relationships, Mission Assurance, etc., send it 

along. If your topic aligns with a future issue 

of Technology Today or is appropriate for an 

online article, we will be happy to consider it 

and will contact you for more information. 

Send your article ideas to 

techtodayeditor@raytheon.com. 

2 2007 ISSUE 3 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 

Vice President of Engineering, Technology and Mission Assurance 

As one of Raytheon’s core markets, Command, Control, Communications and 

Intelligence (C3I) is central to our strategy of developing innovative technologies to 

drive growth and ensure Mission Assurance for our customers. 

We are on target. We are leveraging our C3I expertise in exciting ways and are 

developing a rich array of architectural constructs to look at command and control 

across the spectrum of requirements, from real-time fire control to large-scale logistics 

management of joint forces. 

We are increasing our footprint in the market with our Joint Fires (JFires) 

Demonstration program for multi-theater, multi-service Single Integrated Air 

Picture (SIAP) capability, and we are winning business with recent successes such as 

the Navy Multiband Terminal contract to provide the U.S. Navy with its next generation 

of satellite communications systems. 

This installment of Technology Today takes a closer look at C3I and highlights other 

ways we are increasing our C3I footprint, from the Perimeter Intrusion Detection 

System to protect New York City-area airports for the Port Authority of New York 

and New Jersey, to the Centaur automated handheld technical fire direction system. 

In this issue’s Leaders Corner, Peter Boland, vice president of corporate 

Engineering, discusses the role of Engineering at Raytheon and the challenges it 

faces in driving growth in C3I, MSI and all of our core market areas. 

While I’m on the subject of ET&MA leaders, I would once again like to extend my 

welcome to Greg Alston, our new vice president of Mission Assurance. Greg has hit 

the ground running since joining us in June, and has been busy developing an 

enterprisewide Mission Assurance vision, strategy and process, which we’ll begin 

introducing this winter. 

Finally, I would like to congratulate our Excellence in Operations and Quality 

Award winners. Ninety-five award recipients were recognized in June at the Mission 

Assurance Forum with one of the company’s highest honors. The efforts of these 

award recipients have made significant contributions to the success of our company 

and our customers. They all deserve our thanks. 

Until next time … 

Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence

Technology Today is published 

quarterly by the Office of Engineering, 

Technology and Mission Assurance 

Vice President 

Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence 

Managing Editor 

Lee Ann Sousa 

Senior Editors 

John Cacciatore 

Kevin Wynn 

Art Director 

Debra Graham 

Photography 

Don Bernstein 

Rob Carlson 

Alain Ekmalain 

Dan Plumpton 

Charlie Riniker 

Bob Tures 

Jane Tucker 

Ken Ulbrich 

Publication Coordinator 

Carol Danner 

Contributors 

Len Brown 

Doc Daugherty 

Roberta Gotfried 

Jaclyn Gutmann 

Terry Hastings 

David Peter 

Barry Peterson 

Marcilene Pribonic 

Ralston Robertson 

Sharon Stein 

INSIDE THIS ISSUE 

C3I Systems: Critical Building Blocks to Delivering 

Net-Centric Solutions 4 

Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 6 

The Next Generation of Troposcatter Systems 9 

Leveraging Technology to Realize Service-Oriented Architectures 11 

Centaur Program Rapidly Calculates Weapon-Firing Data 14 

Leaders Corner: Q&A With Peter Boland 15 

Eye on Technology 

Processing 17 

Materials and Structures 18 

Rollout of Architecting Methods Course 20 

Getting to Know Your Raytheon Certified Architects 21 

CFM Profiles: Outstanding Achievements That Help Ensure 

Our Customers’ Mission Success 22 

2006 Excellence in Operations and Quality Awards 23 

Raytheon’s 2007 Mission Assurance Forum 24 

Spring Technology Network Symposia 25 

New MathMovesU Website 28 

Raytheon Homeland Security Radio Station 29 

U.S. and International Patents 30 

EDITOR’S NOTE 

Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence, or C3I — we all know what it 

stands for, but what does it really mean? 

Just think of your car. Commands are sent to the control portion of your car to increase 

temperature, send heated air to the windshield, add fuel to the engine, apply pressure 

to the brakes, or change the frequency band on your radio. These controls and numerous 

sensors are then communicated throughout the car. The dashboard becomes a situation 

awareness display to advise us of certain conditions (e.g., low oil pressure, washer 

fluid, gas, etc.). Similarly, communications provide navigation via your car’s GPS system. 

We also receive intelligence via our radios to advise us of inclement weather, road construction 

and rush hour conditions — all part of the C3I systems that we use every day. 

Raytheon uses these same principles to develop sophisticated C3I systems for our 

customers to provide safe, efficient air travel, to navigate ships and aircraft, to provide 

defensive capabilities to protect our military and civilians, and to provide homeland security. 

Essentially, by converting raw data into actionable information, these systems provide 

our customers on and off the battlefield with integrated multi-dimensional support. 

In this issue, you’ll read about some of these integrated systems, as well as what our 

Engineering leadership says about the vital role our engineers and technologists play in 

Raytheon’s success — and ultimately our customers’ success. 

Enjoy! 

Lee Ann Sousa 

RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2007 ISSUE 3 3

Feature 

C3I Systems: 

Critical Building Blocks to Delivering 

Net-Centric Solutions 


Command, Control, 

Communications and 

Intelligence (C3I) 

capabilities are an 

essential ingredient to 

solving our customers’ 

problems. Raytheon must 

be able to deliver these 

solutions in a context of 

systems-of-systems that 

are embedded in a netcentric 

operations (NCO) 

environment. This will 

demand seamless 

interaction and 

interoperability between 

communications systems, 

Command and Control 

(C2) systems and 

intelligence systems. 

In turn, this means that 

Raytheon will need to 

provide the associated 

systems engineering and 

architecture in order to 

deliver NCO-compatible 

solutions to our 

customers in the areas 

of homeland security, 

transportation 

management, urban 

warfare and defense.

Raytheon is developing enterprise 

architectures, reference architectures 

and systems engineering 

approaches that will provide a jump start 

for the rapid development and deployment 

of these C3I solutions. For example, in the 

last two years, Raytheon has been investing 

in developing reference architectures for 

communications, C2, netted sensors and 

homeland security. These tools will allow 

us to design and develop near-term solutions 

for our customers in the context of 

a long-term C3I vision. 

Dr. David Alberts, director of Research for 

the Department of Defense Networks and 

Information Integration, points out in a 

recent article 1 that C3I demands agility, 

focus and convergence. Agility requires that 

we address complexity and uncertainty. 

Focus provides the necessary concept and 

purpose, and convergence provides the 

goal-seeking process that guides actions 

and effects. These three fundamental 

principles are driving the solutions presented 

in this C3I issue of Technology Today. 

The first article is an example of how 

Raytheon is combining communications 

with C2 and intelligence, to address a 

homeland security problem for the Port 

Authority of New York and New Jersey, 

which serves almost 90 million annual 

passengers. Perimeter Intrusion Detection 

System (PIDS) uses C2 to detect, assess and 

track intrusions, and provides the necessary 

communications for the wireless mobile 

users and sensors to operate effectively in a 

cluttered, complex environment and in all 

weather conditions. The PIDS system also 

provides intelligence on activities in areas 

surrounding the airport boundaries. Longrange 

surveillance sensors are used to 

detect and track suspicious targets, and 

long-range cameras are used to monitor 

suspicious activities. Repeated activities can 

be noted and analyzed using PIDS recording 

and playback functions to look for behavioral 

patterns. This project is extendable for 

homeland security and defense applications, 

such as the defeat of improvised 

explosive devices (IED). 

The second article discusses how to leverage 

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in 

NCO system solutions. It describes how a 

C2 system, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical 

Data System (AFATDS), uses C3I technology 

tools and our Raytheon C2 reference architecture 

to update an existing capability and 

expand it to a more generic, longer term 

solution. It allows the user to use the 

Global Information Grid (GIG) to achieve 

information superiority. The warfighter can 

discover, view and act on information that 

was previously hidden from the user. 

Intelligence information is provided by the 

Distributed Common Ground System 

(DCGS) Integration Backbone (DIB). The DIB 

is also used to integrate AFATDS and the 

Joint Target Manager (JTM). This results in 

the integration of Fires with ISR (Intelligence, 

Surveillance and Reconnaissance). The use 

of SOA has allowed Raytheon to spiral-in 

new technology capabilities to achieve an 

effects-based solution within a long-term 

NCO vision. 

The third article addresses a communications 

systems approach to C3I. The next 

generation of troposcatter systems will provide 

over-the-horizon high-capacity military 

communications as an alternative to satellite 

communications. Raytheon has developed 

a next-generation troposcatter terminal 

that is no larger than a satellite terminal, 

is quickly set up, requires no special 

operator skills and provides data rates in 

excess of 20 Mbps. This capability will 

support the interconnectivity of present 

and future C3I systems. 

The last article describes the use of a 

commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) personal 

digital assistant (PDA) as a key component 

to provide decision support solutions to 

C3I systems. This system, Centaur, is a 

modern lightweight solution that can 

provide accurate firing solutions for rapid 

deployment units. 

These articles provide a quick overview of 

how Raytheon is using architecture and systems 

engineering solutions in a NCO environment. 

We are also paying special attention 

to ensure that these C3I solutions are 

agile, focused and convergent — and 

consistent with the direction of Dr. Alberts. 

This will allow us to address future customer 

needs by adding new technology- 

Jude Franklin, Ph.D. 

Director, Raytheon IED Defeat 

Enterprise Campaign 

Feature 

related, operational capabilities within a 

future context of NCO. 

In the last four years, I have been the technical 

director for NCS C2 systems, a member 

of the Raytheon Architecture Review 

Board and the technical leader on the Net 

Centric Operations Enterprise Campaign. 

I will bring this experience, coupled with 

Raytheon C3I systems capabilities, to my 

next Raytheon assignment. To that end, I 

have recently been appointed director of 

the Raytheon IED Defeat Enterprise 

Campaign. I look forward to working with 

all of you in Raytheon as we address this 

critical problem and provide solutions to 

our military personnel and civilians. 

Please check out our IED Defeat URL on 

the Raytheon home page and send us your 

proposed solutions. 

Jude E. Franklin, Ph. D. 

jude_e_franklin@raytheon.com 

1 David S. Alberts, “Agility, Focus, and Convergence: 

The Future of Command and Control” International C2 

Journal, Volume 1, Number 1, 2007, Command and 

Control Research Program, OASD, NII. 


Feature 

The Perimeter Intrusion Detection System ... 


assisting the Port Authority of 

New York and New Jersey 

Intrusion detection, 

tracking and assessment

Raytheon was awarded a $100 

million contract in January 2006 

to develop the Perimeter Intrusion 

Detection System (PIDS) for the Port 

Authority of New York and New Jersey 

(PANYNJ). PANYNJ operates the world’s premier 

airport system serving almost 90 million 

passengers annually. These airports — 

John F. Kennedy International (JFK), Newark 

Liberty International, LaGuardia (LGA), and 

Teterboro — employ close to 70,000 people 

and represent a combined annual economic 

contribution to the region of $48 billion. 

The PIDS mission is to detect, assess and 

track intruders attempting to gain access 

into exterior secure areas, and to aid 

PANYNJ in determining and dispatching the 

appropriate response forces to counter 

intrusions. Threats include landside intrusions 

at all four airports and waterside 

intrusions at JFK and LGA. 

PIDS provides a layered, multi-sensor 

defense against intrusions by employing 

intrusion detection, tracking and assessment 

throughout all required secure areas 

in good and adverse weather. Various sensors 

— ground surveillance radars (GSR), 

video motion detection-equipped cameras 

and smart fencing — combined with overlapping 

coverage provide a minimum 95 

percent probability of detection (P d ), a low 

probability of false alarm (P fa ), a low nuisance 

alarm rate (NAR), and a 99.9 percent 

operational availability (A o ). Target locations 

are displayed in real-time on an airport 

facility map at the operator’s control and 

display workstation (CDW). 

Upon detection of an intrusion event, PIDS 

provides an assessment capability based on 

infrared (IR), low light level, and daylight 

video cameras in good and adverse weather. 

Assessment cameras are automatically 

slaved to the intruder location, and surveillance 

sensor feedback maintains the camera(s) 

on the target track. Users may also 

manually control any assessment camera. 

Video is displayed to the PIDS users on the 

CDW and on large screen (46”diagonal) 

ceiling- or wall-mounted monitors at selected 

facility locations. 

There are several components to the user 

interface presented on the CDW: (1) the 

facility map with intruder and police vehicle 

locations; (2) multiple video windows displaying 

live or recorded video; (3) an event 

queue, with standard operating procedures 

automatically displayed based on the 

selected event’s type; and (4) system 

administration tools. The PIDS operator is 

able to control all aspects of the system 

from this single user interface. 

Wireless mobile communications with Port 

Authority Police Department officers in the 

field is also provided. Target locations are 

displayed on vehicle mounted computers. 

In addition, officers may view assessment 

video. Police vehicle locations are also 

tracked and displayed. These capabilities 

greatly improve the situational awareness 

of response forces. 

PIDS also interfaces with two legacy 

systems: (1) an Access Control System 

(ACS); and (2) existing Closed Circuit 

Television (CCTV) systems. 

System Requirements 

Key requirements that drove the system 

design are: 

Target Characteristics: These include the 

target types — person, vehicle, watercraft 

— and their cross-sectional area. In general, 

only the smallest target type needs to be 

specified, as the system is designed to 

detect and track such targets. This is typically 

a person, usually with a cross-sectional 

area of 0.5 m 2 to 1 m 2 . The target speed 

range should also be specified; a typical 

range is 0.1 m/s to 30 m/s. 

Operational Availability: This is expressed 

as the percentage of time the system is fully 

available to perform its mission. An A o of 

99.9 percent corresponds to a downtime of 

8.76 hours/year. The allowed downtime 

encompasses both total system failure and 

degraded mode operations, as well as periods 

of reduced system performance caused 

by extreme weather. Achieving a specified 

A o typically involves providing redundancy 

among system components, and providing 

overlapping sensor coverage. 

Feature 

Environmental Factors: Maximum rain 

rate is a key parameter impacting sensor 

performance and consequently A o . 

A selected rain rate is used in modeling 

sensor performance. Similar considerations 

apply to snow, fog and wind. 

Probability of Detection: The system is 

designed to detect targets with the specified 

characteristics under specified adverse 

weather conditions. Target detection zones 

are identified, usually around the facility 

perimeter. Within these zones, a minimum 

P d of 95 percent is maintained. 

Probability of False Alarm: False alarms 

are associated with sensor noise. P fa is 

specified on a sensor basis. A typical 

GSR P fa is 10 -6 . 

Nuisance Alarm Rate: Nuisance alarms are 

generated by the system detecting targets 

that do not satisfy the target characteristics. 

For example, a small dog or bird may be 

detected and tracked, even though it may 

not satisfy the required target characteristics. 

The NAR is usually expressed as an 

allowable number of nuisance alarms per 

detection zone, per specified time period. 

The achievable NAR is highly dependent on 

the facility environment. 

System Architecture and Design 

The PIDS implementation effort is dominated 

by the design and construction of the 

civil infrastructure necessary to support 

both the sensor network and the mobile 

communications. Raytheon’s approach to 

designing the physical system architecture 

begins with facility drawings augmented by 

site surveys. The drawings show where 

existing power and fixed communications 

nodes are located. These existing nodes are 

employed wherever possible to reduce 

implementation time and effort. 

Accurate sensor models for both radars and 

cameras (visible and infrared), expressed as 

P d versus range curves, are developed. 

These curves incorporate weather effects 

and target characteristics, along with 

Continued on page 8 


Feature 

Continued from page 7 

specific sensor characteristics. This modeling 

results in a maximum usable sensor range. 

The power and communications locations 

contained in the facility drawings are used 

with the sensor models to develop a sensor 

network layout. Raytheon’s Sensor Terrain 

Analysis Tool (STAT), which utilizes the P d 

versus range curves, terrain data including 

buildings, height restrictions and other 

topographic constraints, is employed for 

this purpose. STAT produces a color coded 

P d map of the entire facility. Low P d areas 

are corrected by adding additional sensors. 

The PIDS program was generalized to develop 

a system concept called the Integrated 

Security System for Airports (ISSA). Each 

subsystem is COTS-based, modular in design, 

with well defined interfaces. This supports 

future upgrades and expansions as new and 

improved products become available. The 

components and functions of each subsystem 

are described in the following. 

Intrusion Detection and Tracking 

Subsystem (IDTS): The IDTS functions as the 

surveillance sensor front end. Any type of surveillance 

sensor can be integrated, however, 

three principal sensor types are usually 

employed. (1) GSRs are employed in unobstructed 

areas as the principal means of 

detecting and tracking targets due to their 

excellent all-weather capabilities and low 

cost/m 2 surveillance and tracking capabilities; 

(2) Video motion detection–equipped CCTV 

and IR cameras are employed in areas with 

obstructions, typically near facility buildings 

and other types of structures; and (3) smart 

fence sensors are employed in low traffic 

areas as a supplementary means of intrusion 

detection. Surveillance sensor inputs are collected, 

processed and fused, and alarms are 

generated and transmitted to the command 

and control subsystem. ACS events are also 

processed within the IDTS and passed to the 

command and control subsystem. 

Intrusion Assessment Subsystem (IAS): 

The IAS provides video to assess intrusion 

events 24/7 in good and adverse weather 

conditions, thereby assisting users in determining 

the appropriate response. A combi- 


Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 

Block diagram of integrated security system for airports 

nation of visible light and IR cameras are 

employed to allow assessment in the full 

range of lighting and weather conditions. 

The cameras can be operated manually, 

automatically and in touring mode. In 

automatic mode, IDTS-generated position 

data automatically slave a camera to a 

moving target. 

Command and Control Subsystem 

(C2S): The C2S provides the operator interface 

and event management functions. 

Both a geographical map and a tabular list 

representation are displayed to the operator. 

Alarms from different sources are 

processed: access control system alarms, 

perimeter intrusion alarms, loss of communications 

alarms, low power alarms, tampering 

alarms, etc. Alarms are prioritized 

based on user defined rules. The highest 

priority alarm is always presented to the 

operator for action. The operator employs 

video from assessment cameras and standard 

operating procedures to validate the 

alarm and react appropriately in concert 

with security force personnel. The C2S also 

logs all operator actions and incident data. 

Communications Subsystem (CS): The CS 

connects all field components including 

sensors to computer resources located in 

server rooms. A high speed (1 Gbps or 

greater) Ethernet fiber optic network is 

employed, combining high bandwidth 

communications necessary for video transport 

with low communications latency. 

Mobile data and video communications 

with response forces are also provided. 

Power Subsystem (PS): The PS provides 

the power distribution system and 

Uninterruptible Power Supplies for all system 

components — interior and exterior. 

Video Management Subsystem (VMS): 

The VMS manages all video, including realtime 

display, replay, storage and archiving. 

The number of cameras, the video resolution 

and frame rate, and the video retention 

period are significant parameters that 

drive the required video storage capacity. 

Legacy CCTV systems are accessed through 

the VMS. 

In conclusion, Raytheon provides a total 

solution to our PANYNJ customer, including 

technology, civil infrastructure design and 

construction, and maintenance. In addition, 

the PIDS design, as generalized by the ISSA 

concept, is also applicable to protecting 

other critical transportation infrastructure, 

such as seaports and rail yards. 

Guy Germana 

guy_t_germana@raytheon.com 

Simon Hennin 

simon_j_hennin@raytheon.com 

Len Garcia 

leonard_garcia@raytheon.com

ENGINEERING PROFILE 

Guy Germana 

Senior Principal 

Engineer; NCS 

Airspace Management 

and Homeland 

Security 

Years with Raytheon: 10 

Q: Which programs 

are you working on? 

A: I’m working on 

several programs 

related to perimeter 

security. The 

LaGuardia Airport 

CCTV System will provide the airport police 

with a video surveillance capability. The Safe 

Haven program is a study contract to develop 

a security concept for rail yards. And I’m also 

writing a perimeter security section for the 

RTCA Airport Security guidelines. 

Q: How did you become involved with 

perimeter security? 

A: I worked on most major air traffic control 

systems — oceanic, en-route, and airport — 

for 20 years. I was ready for something new! 

Q: What are some of the challenges 

you’re facing? 

A: Raytheon is still expanding our Mission 

Systems Integration positions, so there are 

challenges there. Moving from the defense 

world to the commercial/civil world is also 

a big challenge. 

Q: Did anything in particular prepare you for 

your present role? 

A: My engineering educational background 

has helped me tremendously — thank you 

University of Maryland! The opportunity to 

manage several engineering projects has also 

helped tremendously. 

Q: What’s the secret to individual success 

at Raytheon? 

A: It’s really the basics — understanding what 

the customer wants, ensuring the customer 

understands and agrees to what Raytheon is 

providing, and managing change. 

Q: What about your job keeps you up at night? 

A: Figuring out how to deliver value to the 

customer, given their budget constraints. 

Q: What excites you about your job? 

A: I’m excited to have the opportunity to 

participate in a new and growing business 

area, and I enjoy working with the people 

involved. I’ve met quite a few smart people 

throughout the company. 

In the 30 years since Raytheon developed 

the AN/TRC-170 family of tactical 

troposcatter systems — and produced 

over 800 systems for the U.S. Army, Air 

Force and Marine Corps — little attention 

was given to the next generation. 

During the 1970s, troposcatter was the 

only means to convey megabit data at overthe-horizon 

distances up to several hundred 

kilometers since tactical SATCOM capacity 

was limited to critical C2. Over the last 25 

years, the focus on over-the-horizon highcapacity 

military communications shifted to 

SATCOM with continuous upgrades 

planned for the foreseeable future. Despite 

this rapid growth in SATCOM capability, the 

growth in information need-lines has been 

even greater, resulting in the need to lease 

expensive commercial SATCOM resources. 

While many of these high-capacity SAT- 

COM need-lines span ranges that are compatible 

with troposcatter operation, the 

AN/TRC-170 is often not used because it’s 

considered too large, too slow to setup, 

limited in data rate, and it requires specially 

trained operators. 

To exploit this opportunity, Raytheon 

undertook an IRAD project starting in 

2005 to develop a prototype next generation 

troposcatter terminal. Ideally this new 

terminal would have many advantages over 

its predecessors: It would be no larger than 

a SATCOM terminal; it could be quickly set 

up; it required no special skills to operate; 

and it would provide data rates in excess 

of 20 Mbps. 

That next-generation terminal is the DART-T, 

or Dual-mode, All-band, Relocatable, 

Tactical–Terminal (DART-T). It has been produced 

in HMMWV-mounted, trailer-mounted 

and transit case (Flyaway) versions. To 

combine small size and ease of use with 

high performance, DART-T has achieved a 

number of technological firsts, including 

single antenna quad-diversity, Ku-band 

propagation, software definable advanced 

Feature 

The Next Generation of 

Troposcatter Systems 

An HMMWV-mounted DART-T is tested at 

Camp Pendleton. 

modulation, automatic antenna alignment 

and adaptive data rate. 

The DART-T Design 

To keep DART-T competitive in cost, it was 

decided to use proven components from 

rugged commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) 

SATCOM terminals where possible. Hence, 

the terminal antenna is based on a single 

COTS 2.4m High-Wind Vertex/RSI antenna 

which has previously been adapted to 

HMMWV, trailer, and transit case transport. 

While high-performance tropo links often 

use larger antennas, going to higher RF 

frequency also gives a smaller antenna 

higher gain. Thus, a Ku-band capability 

was incorporated and a new angle diversity 

feed was developed, which provides two 

independent beams in elevation spaced by 

a little over one beamwidth. The use of 

angle diversity and dual transmitters (frequency 

diversity) allows DART-T to achieve 

quad-diversity with only a single antenna, 

while TRC-170 needs dual antennas for 

this performance — a large reduction in 

terminal “footprint.” 

Ku-band was previously rejected for 

troposcatter operation due to potential rain 

attenuation, but USAF/MITRE-sponsored 



Feature Troposcatter Systems 


testing in the 1990s showed that rain also 

enhanced the forward scatter, so the net 

effect was often neutralized. Since the 

COTS 2.4m antenna is motorized in elevation 

and azimuth pointing, algorithms were 

developed to allow the antenna to automatically 

search and acquire the signal from 

the distant terminal. This feature, combined 

with software that allows operators to 

estimate link performance before setup, 

nearly eliminates the special skill needed 

by an operator in the areas that are unique 

to troposcatter. 

Another innovation is a new state-of-theart 

modem developed at Radyne, which 

allows data rates up to 20 Mbps compared 

with the 4 Mbps maximum for TRC-170. 

This new modem also incorporates forward 

error correction coding and provides several 

dBs of system advantage even at TRC-170 

data rates. This software-definable modem 

allows any data rate in 1 bps increments 

rather than the handful of fixed rates 

previously available. 

Another major first for DART-T is the incorporation 

of Adaptive Data Rate, which 

allows the DART-T terminals to automatically 

adapt the data rate to the prevailing troposcatter 

path conditions. Previously, tropo 

data rates were set based on the maximum 

that could be supported 90 to 99 percent 

of the time, despite the fact that most of 

the time signal levels could be as much as 

20 dB higher. With Adaptive Data Rate, the 

DART-T always provides maximum throughput 

— an ideal solution to an IP-based network 

(all military nets are migrating to IP). 

DART-T Testing 

During 2006, DART-T Ku-band prototypes 

were successfully tested on an 83-mile troposcatter 

path at Otis Air Force Base, a 45mile 

diffraction/tropo path at Ft. Huachuca, 

and a 5-mile triple-diffraction path at Camp 

Pendleton. At Otis AFB, side-by-side testing 

was conducted against the TRC-170 V2 

(largest family member) on the same path, 

and performance was comparable on both 

systems at the same data rates. This was a 


Side-by-side DART-T and AN/TRC-170V2 

testing at Otis AFB 

A transit case DART-T at Ft. Huachuca 

Trailer Mounted DART-T at Ft. Monmouth 

clear indication that a viable tactical troposcatter 

system could be implemented at 

Ku-band, and that a much smaller terminal 

could exceed TRC-170 capabilities. 

Testing at Ft. Huachuca and Camp 

Pendleton demonstrated data rates to 20 

Mbps, which were error-free for long periods. 

Most of the time, performance was 

such that two parallel 20 Mbps streams, or 

40 Mbps total, could be transferred. 

Fred Unkauf 

manfred_g_unkauf@raytheon.com 


Douglas Johnson 

Program Manager; 

NCS Effects/Battle 

Management 

Systems Group 


Q: What program 

are you working on 

these days? 

A: I’ve been working 

with AFATDS 

(Advanced Field 

Artillery Tactical Data 

System) programs for 16 years. During that 

time, I’ve held various positions; it usually 

changes every three years. The program is 

always evolving, so the work has never gotten 

monotonous. 

Q: How did you arrive at your current position? 

A: I started my career as a digital circuit designer. 

Then when digital design became less needed 

due to microelectronic design advances, I 

transitioned into system engineering. From 

there I got into program team leadership, project 

management, project engineering and finally 

program management. 

Q: What are some of the things that have allowed 

you to excel at Raytheon? 

A: There are a few. One is working for very 

supportive leaders who help guide my career 

and give me greater responsibility going forward. 

It’s also important to work with a very 

dedicated team. Another key is not being 

removed from my responsibilities when things 

don’t go as well as planned. I think it’s really 

important to have the opportunity to make 

decisions and then learn from your mistakes — 

that’s how you grow. 

Q: What part of your job concerns you the most? 

A: I’d say worrying about making all of our 

commitments. Maintaining a healthy work/life 

balance for me and everyone on the team is 

also a challenge. 

Q: What’s the most rewarding aspect of your job? 

A: Providing products the meet or exceed the 

users needs. And of course seeing soldiers get 

excited about the product — and really want to 

use it!

Leveraging Technology to Realize 

Service-Oriented Architectures 

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is 

a well-established strategy within the 

Department of Defense for meeting 

the transformational goals of net-centric 

warfare (NCW). By exposing capabilities to 

the Global Information Grid (GIG), the 

warfighter achieves information superiority 

through his ability to discover, view and act 

on information and capabilities previously 

hidden within systems, effectively breaking 

traditional stovepipes. 

This transformational goal can be realized 

without impacting functionality in the field 

through a phased migration strategy combining 

current technology with key technology 

insertions. Raytheon Effects/Battle 

Management Systems (E/BMS) has been 

migrating C2 systems of record and related 

products toward NCW SOA goals over the 

last 10 years. 

Migrating a Current Force System Into 

an SOA Environment 

Current force systems can be migrated into 

an SOA using several approaches ranging 

from exposing or adapting interfaces to 

refactoring the system architecture. On the 

Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data 

System (AFATDS), we are using multiple 

approaches to achieve this migration. 

AFATDS is the Fire Support Command and 

Control (C2) system employed by the U.S. 

Army and U.S. Marine Corps units to provide 

automated support for planning, coordinating, 

controlling and executing fires and 

effects. It prioritizes targets received from 

various sensors and performs attack analysis 

using situational data combined with commander’s 

guidance. The result is timely, 

accurate and coordinated fire support 

options to engage targets using Army, 

Marine, Navy and Air Force weapon systems. 

Enhanced by an SOA, these capabilities 

will enable an expanded warfighter 

audience to make timely decisions for joint 

target engagement and synchronization. 

Figure 1. Web services that support the Joint Time Sensitive Targeting Thread 

Shortly after AFATDS was fielded in 1996, 

Raytheon and the Army product manager 

for the Fire Support Command and Control 

(PdM FSC2) office collaborated to develop 

the Effects Management Tool (EMT) to provide 

AFATDS capabilities to remote users. At 

that time, a client-server architecture using 

Common Object Request Broker 

Architecture (CORBA) Interface Definition 

Language (IDL) was created, establishing 

the foundation for our subsequent SOA 

migration strategy. 

As NCW concepts emerged, Advanced 

Concept Technology Demonstrations 

(ACTD) exercises and experiments focused 

on realizing the tenets of NCW and SOA 

primarily through Web-service technology. 

In 2004, AFATDS began transitioning the 

CORBA IDL interface to Web services, as 

well as defining new Web services as part 

of the Family of Interoperable Operational 

Pictures (FIOP) initiative and the Joint Forces 

Feature 

Command (JFCOM), J9 Joint Fires Initiative 

(JFI) Limited Objective Experiment (LOE). 

These services were further refined through 

participation in various other activities and 

experiments that focused primarily on the 

Joint Time Sensitive Targeting (TST) Thread. 

The relationship of the AFATDS Web services 

to the TST thread is depicted in Figure 1. 

By leveraging these experimental results, 

the AFATDS program has already fielded 

selected Web services. Moreover, it will field 

enough Web services in its next major 

release (early 2008) to completely replace 

the original CORBA IDL. 

Incremental Migration Strategy to 

Realize SOA Goals 

The creation of Web services by itself does 

not fully realize an SOA. Additional aspects 

include defining meta-data for search and 



Feature 


discovery, integration with infrastructure 

services, scaling up to support many users, 

and the eventual retiring of the system in 

lieu of services on high-performance 

servers. The AFATDS program has addressed 

these aspects through a multiphase migration 

strategy that’s currently in progress. 

Our migration strategy consists of several 

architectural changes implemented over 

several discrete phases. One of the first 

changes created a remote Java 2 Enterprise 

Edition (J2EE)-compliant Web application 

server. This remote server provides all 

AFATDS Web services and can be deployed 


on a separate high-performance Windows 

server, thus off-loading the Web service 

processing burden from the AFATDS C2 

platform. 

The next change makes AFATDS itself capable 

of being deployed on a high-performance 

Windows server. To accomplish this, 

AFATDS is being modified to run on a server 

without a local operator. This step 

requires additional Web services to provide 

the data and functionality needed for the 

Graphical User Interface (GUI). A single 

Java-based thick client — combining the 

GUI with EMT — will be created that can 

Figure 2. Integration of Fires and Targeting capabilities within the DIB 

Service-Oriented Architectures 

be configured based on user role and skill 

level. A related change adds a thin-client 

capability to support edge users. Any user 

with appropriate privileges will be able to 

access fires and effects services via a Fires 

Portal using a standard commercial browser. 

The final phase of our migration strategy 

transforms AFATDS into a collection of 

services that can be separately shared or 

replaced within a total net-centric environment. 

During this phase, selected components 

are separated and designed to meet a 

well defined and publicized interface. 

Eventually, all capabilities will be available

as separate services (or be replaced by 

equivalent services) to provide a Networked 

Fires C2 capability. 

Using Technology Insertion to Bring New 

Capabilities Into an SOA Environment 

In addition to transforming current force 

systems, additional SOA capabilities can be 

created by combining current technologies 

with new product development. In one 

case, we developed an SOA-based product 

that presents critical warfighter information 

by combining data from multiple current 

force systems. The Joint Target Manager 

(JTM) was created to provide net-centric 

Web service and role-based GUI access to 

tactical targeting information collected from 

current force systems such as AFATDS, 

Theater Battle Management Core System 

(TBMCS), and Cursor on Target (CoT). As 

part of its SOA adaptation, JTM also provides 

a Web service interface for access by 

other warfighter applications, a browser 

interface for remote warfighters, and a GUI 

for local warfighters. 

In another case, we added new capabilities 

taken from current applications into a 

developing SOA environment. The 

Distributed Common Ground System 

(DCGS) program recognized the need for a 

new architecture to address warfighter 

intelligence collection gaps and to support 

system-of-systems integration within a distributed 

enterprise environment. The resulting 

network-centric architecture is based on 

SOA and J2EE technologies. The centerpiece 

of this architecture is the DCGS 

Integration Backbone (DIB) and the DIB’s 

Meta-Data Framework (MDF). Multiple DIBs 

can be federated, thus providing an enterprise-wide 

environment where producers 

and consumers can publish data and subscribe 

to and receive data appropriately. 

The DCGS-Navy program office also recognized 

the need to integrate ISR and Fires C2 

capabilities. This resulted in both customerfunded 

and enterprise campaign efforts 

that brought Fires C2 and related capabilities 

into the DIB enterprise to reduce 

sensor-to-effects timelines and increase 

situational understanding. 

After analyzing DIB integration levels and 

the AFATDS interface, we selected Level 2 

Resource Adapters as the most appropriate 

integration level. Level 2 Resource Adapters 

provide a facade between the DIB and an 

existing system. The Resource Adapter uses 

existing system interfaces, performs data 

translations, and uses the MDF interfaces 

for data insertion and extraction to/from 

the DIB. This path was selected because 

AFATDS already provided Web services, supplying 

exposed operations via Web Services 

Description Language (WSDL) and XML 

schemas. JTM was also integrated into the 

DIB using a similar approach, thus bringing 

Fires C2 and Targeting capabilities into the 

DIB (see Figure 2). 

In other cases, we brought new capabilities 

to the DIB by including an Enterprise 

Service Bus (ESB) to provide messaging and 

mediation services between the DIB and the 

Advanced Communications Service (ACS). 

The tactical message/XML transformations 

provided by ACS facilitated the integration 

of existing systems with key Meta-Data 

Catalogue (MDC) Web-based objects. 

Summary 

Because SOA capabilities greatly increase 

the warfighter’s effectiveness, they are a 

key factor in Department of Defense procurements 

today. C2 systems require SOA 

compatibility to stay relevant to today’s 

defense strategies. AFATDS is an important 

multi-service current force program actively 

migrating toward the net-centric environment, 

and JTM is an example of a new 

warfighter capability made possible by 

leveraging SOA access. 

Strategies to migrate current force systems 

to SOA through technology insertion not 

only preserve the government’s investment 

in current systems, but also offer a clear 

path for new tools that benefit the 

net-centric warfighter using the 

unprecedented data and capability 

access allowed by SOA. 

John Schlundt 

john_a_schlundt@raytheon.com 

Dale Anglin 

dale_e_anglin @raytheon.com 

John Lindquist 

john_t_lindquist @raytheon.com 


Leonard Brown 

Manager of 

Prototype Capabilities 

Development for C2 

Solutions Team; NCS 

Effects/Battle Management 

Systems Group 


Q: Which programs are 

you working on? 

A: I’ve been doing 

command and controlrelated 

business development 

for the last two 

years. Previously, I worked with the AFATDS 

program, doing advanced technology development 

for 10 years. 

Q: What inspired you to work with this program? 

A desire to apply state-of-the-art technologies 

to existing capabilities to enhance warfighter 

C2 effectiveness. This spans improving 

communications, user interfaces and overall 

ease-of-use, to making broader application 

of C2 capabilities and transitioning them 

more rapidly to the users. 

Q: What makes the AFATDS program successful? 

A: The AFATDS program is a rare example 

of a successful collaboration among the user, 

customer and contractor that has enabled the 

product to evolve to meet the user’s needs. 

The AFATDS development team continues to 

apply disciplined system, software and test 

engineering to all functionality enhancements. 

As a consequence, they’ve created a firm 

technology base that can be applied to solve 

problems in many other capability areas. 

Q: Why have you excelled in your present role? 

A: I have always enjoyed seeing ideas turn into 

reality. I experienced this as a young engineer 

developing robotics, and continued to enjoy it 

through the varied communications, IFF and 

C2 tools to which I have contributed. 

Q: What’s your primary goal as a manager? 

A: We have many bright people here with great 

ideas. My personal goal in my role as a manager 

has always been to enable those people to apply 

their ideas to our development opportunities. 

Q: How can Raytheon maximize the potential 

of individual employees? 

A: Ensure that everyone understands our 

business road map and how their efforts fit into 

that road map. Also ensure that individuals 

with good ideas that don’t obviously fit the 

road map still have the opportunity to bring 

those ideas to the forefront — because they 

may very well help evolve the road map. 


Feature 

Centaur Program Rapidly Calculates 

Weapon-Firing Data 

The Centaur 

Program 

answers 

critical multi-service 

(U.S. Army, U.S. 

Marine Corps) requirements 

to rapidly calculate 

cannon and mortar weaponfiring 

solutions in training and combat. This 

is possible because of the development, 

acceptance and deployment of its Centaur 

Technical Fire Direction (TFD) System. 

Using a commercial-off-the-shelf personal 

digital assistant (PDA), the Centaur program is 

a modern, lightweight handheld product that 

safely and accurately calculates firing data 

for rapid deployment units (airborne, airmobile, 

light infantry and amphibious forces) 

during the early phases of forced entry 

operations and during split-unit operations 

such as artillery raids or leap-frog movement. 

Centaur is also used as an independent 

means of validating the primary tactical/ 

technical fire control system, TFD solutions. 

The primary system is Raytheon Advanced 

Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS). 

It calculates weapon and munition-specific 

aiming information, allowing fire missions 

to be rapidly and safely fired en route and/ 

or immediately upon occupation of a firing 

position, prior to the arrival and setup of 

AFATDS. This additional capability allowed 

Centaur to replace the 20+ year-old backup 

computer system (BUCS), which had not 

been supported for more than a decade. 

Centaur is the first and only fielded system 

to ever calculate both combat and training 

safety data, then compare individual 

weapon firing solutions to the safety constraints 

to identify potential safety violations. 

Centaur automates the previously 

manual method of calculating safety information 

during live-fire training exercise to 

prevent training accidents. It is unique in its 

ability to consider nonstandard conditions 

in all its safety calculations. Further, working 

closely with customer subject matter experts, 

Raytheon developed the Digital Safety 

Computation Rules, which are now being 

extended and used to evolve published military 

doctrine and/or unit procedures. 


The Next-Generation Centaur 

The Centaur contract was initiated in April 

2002. Version 1.0 began fielding in 

February 2004 and is now in use during 

combat operations by U.S. Army and 

Marine Corps warfighters in both Iraq and 

Afghanistan. Version 1.1 is currently being 

fielded to new and retrofit units, and has 

become a part of the joint artillery school 

curriculum. A third version (Version 2.0), 

which has completed development, has a 

targeted materiel release of October 2007. 

Enhanced capability in Version 2.0 includes 

digital communications (when using a 

Rugidized PDA with a Raytheon TacLink 

3000 modem), the latest Digital Safety 

Computation Rules, and incorporation of 

additional munitions and the 120 mm 

Rifled Towed Mortar weapon system. 

Digital communications includes the reception 

of the Meteorological MIL-STD-6017 

message over a MIL-STD-188-220c network 

and also TACFIRE communications to the 

Gun Display Unit (GDU) located on the cannons. 

Reception of the Centaur system by 

military units can best be described as 

“enthusiastic adoption” with some units 

purchasing their own hardware to get 

ahead of the official fielding schedule. 

Centaur is a model acquisition program 

that reflects a true government-industry 

partnership. The “user” representative 

(TCM FSC3, Fort Sill, Okla.) is responsible 

for articulating and validating all system 

requirements. The product manager’s office 

(PM Battle Command, Ft. Monmouth, N.J.) 

executes the contract options and manages 

the cradle-to-grave life cycle. 

Recognizing Outstanding Performance 

During initial Centaur development, all 

three elements (TCM, PM and Raytheon) 

collaborated to clearly define the requirements 

and expectations. As such, the TCM 

assigned an artillery officer, as part of training 

with industry, to work for a year on 

Centaur. This foundation was leveraged 

into solid control of work scope, cost and 

schedule. Additionally, active duty soldiers 

and Marines were brought in to directly 

influence functionality and test Centaur 

capabilities during program development. 

Jeffrey Weiss (left), U.S. Army product director, 

Handheld Systems, and Douglas Johnson, 

Raytheon NCS E/BMS program manager, 

Handheld Products, accept the DoD Top 5 

Program Award for the Centaur Program at 

the NDIA Systems Engineering Conference. 

The end result is a highly regarded and 

user-friendly product delivered below cost 

and ahead of schedule. In fact, the government’s 

Customer Performance Assessment 

Report (CPARS) rated Raytheon’s work performance 

on Centaur (on AFATDS Contract) 

for 2004 and 2005 as “Exceptional” — a 

perfect score. 

The Centaur Handheld Technical Fire 

Direction system also received a DoD Top 5 

Program Award for 2005. This award 

recognizes the successful implementation 

of systems engineering best practices 

resulting in program success. 

The Centaur artillery fire direction system is 

a valuable addition to the fires and effects 

capabilities of U.S. forces. It ensures that 

cannon and mortar delivery systems have 

available attack options immediately upon 

insertion into the combat area by land, sea 

or air. Further, even if the primary tactical 

and technical computing system is unavailable, 

cannon and mortar delivery systems 

remain a viable attack option. 

Centaur technology (small form factor, 

easy-to-use functionality) opens up several 

opportunities for Raytheon, including direct 

or foreign military sales of Centaur. 

Specifically, the adaptation of Centaur technology 

by Raytheon should enable the capture 

of adjacent markets (for small form 

factor computer/communications) such as 

gun control system, logistics personnel 

communications, others needing situational 

awareness/communication on the battlefield, 

and commercial first responder 

type applications. 

Douglas Johnson 

douglas_a_johnson@raytheon.com

LEADERS CORNER 

Dr. Peter Boland 

Vice President 

Corporate Engineering 

Recently Technology Today talked 

with Peter Boland, vice president of 

corporate Engineering, about the 

role of Engineering at Raytheon and the 

challenges it faces in driving growth. 

He also discussed his career at Raytheon, 

the value of diversity, and what earlycareer 

engineers can do to advance in 

the company. 

TT: What role do Raytheon’s engineers 

play in the success of the company? 

PB: Raytheon’s engineers contribute to 

the company in two main areas. The first 

is innovation. Raytheon is known as a 

technology company. It’s expected that 

Raytheon is always on the leading edge of 

technologies in our markets. We depend 

on our engineering staff and our technology 

staff to keep Raytheon at the forefront 

of technology and innovation. 

The other major category, especially in 

today’s environment, is program performance. 

If Raytheon is going to continue to 

grow, and if our customers are going to 

become an advocate of Raytheon on various 

programs, especially the area of 

Mission Systems Integration, Raytheon has 

to perform very well on its programs. In 

addition, we have to make sure that we 

keep all of our promises to our customers. 

In doing so, it is critical for the engineering 

staff, who is the engine of the success 

of these programs, to understand precisely 

what responsibilities they have, as well as 

being accountable for the work they do. 

TT: Why is accountability so important? 

PB: I firmly believe that Raytheon has 

world-class people in Engineering. Where 

we sometimes fall short is in the area of 

accountability. The challenge for leadership, 

management and supervisors is to continually 

hone this great talent by providing clear 

processes, standards and expectations. 

That discipline will enable us to serve our 

customers to our fullest potential. 

One of the ways to do that is by focusing 

more on Performance Excellence. We need 

to make sure we understand things like 

contractual requirements, and better manage 

our subs and suppliers. We really need 

to treat our subs, suppliers and partners as 

just another Raytheon IPT. As a result, many 

of our key goals in Engineering address the 

need for accountability, continuous learning 

and process discipline. If we can excel in 

these areas, I believe we will be unbeatable. 

TT: So will engineers also have to 

become Performance Excellence or 

Quality professionals? 

PB: No, not exactly, but they need to help 

drive these processes. At the end of the 

day, program leadership and leadership 

teams aren’t the only ones responsible for 

Performance Excellence, Engineering is 

too. If we don’t do get behind it, it’s not 

going to get done the way it should. 

TT: What other challenges does 

Engineering face? 

PB: An upcoming challenge for Raytheon 

is going to be maintaining growth during 

the inevitable decline in U.S. defense 

spending. When this happens, a potential 

area of growth is in the Mission Systems 

Integration or the MSI arena. 

This will require Engineering to do several 

things. One, it requires that we do systems 

engineering to a much higher level than 

we have done in the past. And, [it 

requires] that we develop requirements 

from the systems level, from the mission 

systems level, all the way down to components 

and parts that we supply. 

Increased MSI work will also require that 

Raytheon have a larger number of partners 

— meaning we’ll be dealing with a 

larger number of subcontractors and 

suppliers. We are going to need to learn 

how to manage such organizations outside 

of our own environment, much better 

than we do today, if we’re really going to 

grow in that arena. 

That will necessitate better program management 

skills, better technical skills, more 

discipline and following our own processes, 

as well as ensuring that our detailed 

processes get flowed down to all of our 

partners and contractors, etc. 

That’s going to be a significant challenge 

for our engineers, and we’re working very 

hard in that direction right now with the 

Engineering staff, program management, 

Supply Chain and Performance Excellence 

organizations. 

It requires a slightly different skill set than 

most of our engineers have today. They 

need to understand how to adapt to it. In 

fact, we’ve been training engineers in 

those areas. They’ve been very willing and 

excited about moving forward in that area. 

TT: Can you provide some examples of 

how Engineering is working to improve 

our MSI capability and skills? 

PB: Systems engineering is essential to 

our growth. To emphasize that, I have 

brought one of the company’s most senior 

and experienced systems engineers onto 

my staff, Brian H. Wells. Although Brian is 

Raytheon’s chief systems engineer, a key 

responsibility he has is to grow our systems 

engineering capabilities through people, 

learning, accountability and mentoring. 

Brian is working closely with the Systems 

Engineering Council to develop common 

competency models, improve our processes 

and develop people at all levels. He is 

working with the corporate learning 

organization and local universities to 

improve systems engineering learning. At 

every opportunity, as Brian traverses our 

businesses, he makes sure to visit with 

systems engineering leadership to instill 

the merits of process discipline and both 

functional and individual accountability. 



LEADERS CORNER 


Once Brian has his arms around making 

Raytheon a world-class systems engineering 

house, he will expand those efforts to other 

engineering disciplines. 

For Raytheon to truly be an MSI, we need 

our businesses to be able to work as one 

company. That means that in addition to a 

common core process — IPDS — we need to 

have as many common tools as is rational. 

Engineering is pursuing an initiative to move 

toward a common Product Life Management 

(PLM) suite of tools to make “design anywhere, 

build anywhere, support anywhere” 

a reality. The foundation of this suite is a 

common Product Data Management (PDM) 

system. Today, Raytheon has almost 30 different 

PDM tools as an artifact of the legacy 

companies. Many of these are archaic and no 

longer supported. We have selected a common 

tool and are in the process of planning a 

strategy to implement it across the company. 

Other initiatives that will help include developing 

a common approach to Health 

Management Systems — loosely defined as 

prognostics, a common strategy for RF 

spectrum management; working with 

Performance Excellence to improve our 

Supplier Rating System; and working with 

the Raytheon Six Sigma community, supporting 

the implementation of a Green Belt 

Program, to name just a few. 

TT: There have been some exciting CMMI ® 

milestones in the businesses. Is that also 

part of this strategy? 

PB: Absolutely. CMMI is a very powerful 

tool to help ensure efficiency, reduce variability 

and ensure the same excellent standards 

of quality from project to project and 

location to location. The businesses have 

done a commendable job of achieving 

higher appraisal levels, which have enormous 

benefits for the company — giving 

us the ability and agility to design anywhere 

and build anywhere. This year, NCS 

achieved Level 5 across all of its business’ 

sites for systems, software and hardware 

engineering — an astonishing achievement. 

Most other businesses have been appraised 

at level 3 or 4. We’re well on our way to 

our future goal of reaching CMMI Level 5 

across the entire Engineering function. 

TT: Switching gears, you have had quite a 

varied career at Raytheon. What do you 

attribute your success to? 


PB: Well, it started with a solid foundation. 

The reason I became an engineer is that I 

was fortunate in that my father was an 

educator. He taught math and science, and 

he instilled in me an interest in these subjects. 

We always had puzzles when I was a 

kid. We were always fixing things around 

the house. And I just became very interested 

and curious about those kinds of things. 

He encouraged me to become an engineer 

and to continue my education in that direction, 

by being very supportive. I was lucky 

in that regard, because I had parents who 

had the ability to encourage me and coach 

me, if you will, in becoming an engineer. 

Earlier this year, I celebrated my 38th 

anniversary with Raytheon. I’ve enjoyed 

working here all these years, because 

Raytheon has provided an encouraging and 

exciting environment for me to operate in. 

Yes, I’ve had a varied career at Raytheon. 

When I first joined the company, I worked 

in several different organizations and programs. 

I saw various forms of engineering, 

test engineering, analysis, and did design 

work. I got to see those designs actually 

built and tested and come to fruition. I was 

also able to work with customers to ensure 

that we met their requirements. 

Through the years, Raytheon also encouraged 

me to further my education. I went to 

graduate school under Raytheon’s 

advanced studies program, and I was able 

to get my master’s degree and eventually, 

my Ph.D. through that program. 

Raytheon has been great to me. I’ve gotten 

to see many different businesses and many 

different functions. Although I was a 

mechanical engineer when I first came to 

Raytheon, I’ve done electrical engineering 

work, and I’ve done some systems engineering 

work. So, over the years Raytheon 

has provided the environment where engineers 

are encouraged to be the best they can. 

TT: As you know, the Raytheon environment 

values diversity of all kinds. How does 

diversity relate to Engineering? 

PB: In many ways, but let me highlight 

two. The first is in diversity of thought. As I 

mentioned, we have great, smart people at 

Raytheon. But sometimes that confidence 

and ability could be perceived as arrogance. 

We are not as open as we need to be to 

other people’s ideas, perspectives and 

input. As a result, programs can get dis- 

Q&A With Peter Boland 

jointed, team health suffers, and we might 

not be effectively collaborating to come up 

with the best solution for the customer. 

The second reason an inclusive environment 

is important to Engineering is that 

our workforce is becoming more and more 

diverse. If Raytheon wants to retain and 

attract the best people, we need to be able 

to tap into every available talent pool. If 

you’re a talented individual, we want you 

to feel like you can make a contribution to 

Raytheon, and that you’re welcome here as 

an important part of the company. 

I believe we are a leader in our industry in 

this area, illustrated by the recognition and 

numerous awards Raytheon has received 

for its work in diversity and inclusion. 

TT: So, what advice would you give to 

early-career engineers at Raytheon? 

PB: First, I would recommend continuing 

your education. This could be done formally 

through Raytheon with a master’s degree, a 

Ph.D. or even an MBA; or informally, by 

taking in-house courses or courses on your 

own. It’s a lifelong learning process. Most of 

our engineers, I believe, really understand 

that, and, in fact, are pleased with the 

opportunities that Raytheon provides them. 

Another recommendation would be to make 

your career as varied as possible. Don’t get 

cornered into doing the same thing for several 

years. There’s certainly nothing wrong 

with learning a trade or a specific aspect of 

engineering over a few years. But every few 

years, you should be asking yourself, 

“What do I need to do next?” 

Look for variety — not only in the engineering 

and technical skills, but also in 

leadership skills. Whether it be a line manager, 

a section manager or a department 

manager; whether it be a program leader, 

an IPT leader or a project leader; whether it 

be a subcontract manager working with 

suppliers to ensure that they’re providing 

Raytheon the best that they can. 

They need to understand that they have to 

plan their careers and not expect things to 

just happen to them. They need to be 

proactive with either their local management, 

or I really encourage them to get a 

mentor and discuss their career path with 

that person. 

Careers aren’t cast in concrete — every few 

years they should be reevaluated. Develop 

a plan, but don’t be afraid to change it.

onTechnology 

The Many Benefits of 

Collaboration and Reuse 

A new hire needs to convert vast 

amounts of data from ECR to LLA in 

Matlab, but she doesn’t know what ECR 

refers to. Is it the same as ECF? ECI? 

Her mentor wants to pass on his expertise 

before retiring, but hasn’t met others who 

need it presently. Where can he record his 

knowledge for later use? 

A systems engineer who has to present at a 

conference is unsure of security and proprietary 

issues and has forgotten travel rules. 

Where does he find this information? 

An engineer needs to prepare a unique proposal. 

Where can she find examples and 

guidelines? Has someone down the hall or 

at another Raytheon facility ever written a 

similar proposal? 

Have you ever spent hours or days unsuccessfully 

researching something, only to 

later discover that the answer was well 

known within Raytheon? How often have 

you rewritten code because you didn’t trust 

what was available? Have you ever run into 

a problem that you know must have already 

been solved, but you still spend precious 

time recreating the mousetrap? 

These and similar stories of wasted time 

and missed communication are played out 

daily in a large company like Raytheon. 

Well, just imagine the gains we could make 

with well-used collaboration and reuse. 

CART: Dedicated to Reducing Wasted Time 

The Collaboration and Reuse Technology 

Interest Group (TIG), or CART, as it’s known, 

is working to address these issues. The 

effort began last fall at an impromptu 

“Birds of a Feather” meeting at the 

Processing Systems Technology Network 

(PSTN) Symposium. Many employees and at 

least one customer representative agreed 

that we need more collaboration and more 

reuse to keep pace with competitors and 

increase our efficiency. Many stories were 

told describing experiences of wasting time 

repeating efforts. 

One concern with the development of these 

tools was how the government may limit 

them. However, Mission Systems Integration 

requires massive integration and reuse of 

components and software. The Department 

of Defense (DoD) intends to establish a 

GForge-type installation, and at the PSTN 

Symposium the customer strongly encouraged 

collaboration and reuse. CART will 

help Raytheon move ahead of the curve in 

this regard, by providing the tools, culture and 

understanding to help with the DoD’s goals. 

Since the 2007 PSTN Symposium, CART has 

searched out similar efforts around the 

company, partnering with these activities 

whenever possible. To start the process, 

CART has developed three tools — all of 

which can be accessed through SSO by anyone 

with ITAR approval. Export Controlled 

Regulated Data is permitted, but not classified 

information. 

1. Raytheon Wiki (http://openwiki.app. 

ray.com/Main_Page) Wikis are articles 

that may be edited by anyone. Using this 

model, Wikipedia.com has rapidly built 

the largest, most complete and accurate 

encyclopedia in the world. If you’re 

knowledgeable about a certain topic, you 

can submit articles, edit other articles, or 

provide comments supporting or challenging 

the accuracy of the information. 

The wiki home page has a “Related 

Links” section which will lead you to 

several more collaboration and reuse 

projects across the company. 

2. Raytheon Forum (http://openforum. 

app.ray.com) Forums allow you to collaborate 

with people across the company. 

It’s a place to hold discussions, find 

experts and exchange knowledge. New 

groups can be formed around specific 

topics of interest. 

3. Raytheon GForge (http://gforge.rms. 

ray.com) Based upon the SourceForge 

model familiar to many young engineers, 

this site allows software project management, 

storage of code and the search for 

code snippets in a variety of languages. 

A wiki-based software repository may 

soon allow for rating of scripts. 

YESTERDAY…TODAY…TOMORROW 

PROCESSING 

Having these tools available to every 

branch, department and division of 

Raytheon naturally creates communication 

across our boundaries. You can share anything 

from instructions for synthesizing the 

new Lattice soft processor to a list of the 

best lunch restaurants in McKinney, Texas. 

People at every level can contribute. 

Younger engineers in particular are already 

familiar with the many tools and habits of 

reuse, like Wikipedia, blogs, SourceForge 

and MySpace. Managers can encourage 

broader communication and reuse. Senior 

engineers could make their valuable knowledge 

available across the company through 

wikis or forums. Each person who solves a 

problem can record their solution as code or 

an article. Your contribution can help 

Raytheon do more — more quickly and 

more reliably. 

Collaboration and reuse tools are a great 

framework, but the usefulness will grow as 

people record what they have learned. 

Readers can immediately edit or filter information 

on the pages to make sure that they 

are both accurate and helpful. As a result, the 

quality of the knowledge and code will grow 

as users add their knowledge and opinions. 

Imagine that our young engineer finds wikis 

on the two coordinate systems and an article 

explaining the different methods for calculating 

latitude. She follows links to repositories 

of coordinate transformations, sorted 

by language (maybe even by program), if 

that information is not classified. Finally, 

someone on the forum gives her tips speeding 

up Matlab. The same research which may 

have taken her a week to complete, only 

takes a day thanks to collaboration and reuse! 

In turn, she can now help her mentor write 

wikis so that his knowledge is available to 

everyone in Raytheon for years to come. 

Our presenter reads his department’s wiki 

on external conferences and suggests a 

proposal library for his boss, where she 

learns of examples and tools from a similar 

project on the other side of the country. 

How can you save time today? 

Michael Bajema 

michael_l_bajema@raytheon.com 


onTechnology 

Ultra Low-Power 

Flexible Electrophoretic Displays 

Whether it uses flashing LEDs or a 

60-inch plasma TV, every electronic device 

needs a way to present information. Today, 

most interactive devices (including laptops, 

cell phones and PDAs) use a liquid crystal 

display (LCD) to display information. While 

LCDs have many advantages over their 

predecessor, cathode ray tubes, they still 

leave much to be desired for many applications 

— especially the dismounted soldier. 

LCDs require a power-hungry backlight, 

have poor outdoor viewing characteristics, 

and have a form factor that limits portability. 

With soldiers already heavily loaded with 

existing equipment, adding batteries to the 

load is not a popular option. 

On the contrary, electrophoretic displays 

(EPDs), sometimes called electronic paper, 

have enhanced readability and operate at 

up to 100X lower power levels. In addition, 

EPDs can be made in a flexible form factor, 

allowing for tighter integration with the 

soldier’s uniform. This article describes the 

technology behind EPDs and discusses why 

Raytheon is leading the integration of 

soldier applications in this industry. 

If you’ve ever used your cell phone or PDA 

in direct sunlight, you know an LCD’s readability 

limitations — poor contrast ratio in 

bright conditions. Since EPDs are reflective 

and operate without a backlight, they 

behave just like paper; that is, they maintain 


MATERIALS & STRUCTURES 

the same contrast ratio over all viewing 

conditions, including direct sunlight at 170degree 

viewing angle. It’s just like reading 

the newspaper. This is critical for the dismounted 

solder who often works outdoors. 

In addition to helping readability, removing 

the backlight also eliminates a large percentage 

of the display’s power usage. 

Furthermore, the “ink” used in EPDs is 

bistable, meaning that power can be completely 

removed from the system, and the 

display will retain its state. Power is only 

consumed when changing the display’s 

state. This allows systems to use far fewer 

batteries, and as such, removes unnecessary 

weight from the soldier. 

Electronic paper was first developed in the 

1970s at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center, 

but was not widely commercialized until 

Joseph Jacobson, a professor in the MIT 

Media Lab, founded E Ink in 1997. Since 

then, E Ink has begun integration of their 

proprietary imaging film, or ink, into watches, 

cell phones, smart cards and large signs. 

E Ink’s imaging film utilizes millions of tiny 

microcapsules, each about 50µm in diameter, 

filled with electrically charged white and 

black pigments suspended in a clear fluid. 

The black pigment is negatively charged, 

while the white pigment is positively 

charged. Thus, when an electric field is 

applied across the microcapsules, the 

Courtesy of U.S. Army Natick 

Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center 

pigments separate and are forced against 

the top and bottom walls of the microcapsule. 

Depending on the polarity of the 

applied field, the viewer will see the display 

turn white or black. 

To render a pixilated image on an EPD, the 

microcapsules must be sandwiched 

between two electrodes. The top electrode 

is a uniformly charged, optically transparent, 

conducting material, and the bottom electrode 

(called the backplane) contains an 

array of electrodes to form the pixel array. 

Much like LCDs, EPDs can utilize thin film 

transistors (TFT) to form the active matrix of 

pixels. The backplane is then connected to 

display circuitry, which switches the “ink” 

on and off at specific pixels by applying the 

correct voltage patterns. 

To achieve a full color EPD, a color filter 

array (CFA) is placed above the microcapsules. 

The CFA typically consists of a 

regular pattern of three or four colors 

(one assigned to each pixel) spread across 

the surface of the display. For example, a 

2x2 grid of red, green, blue and white 

pixels may be repeated across the entire 

surface of the CFA. To reproduce color, the 

driving circuitry must control each subpixel 

according to the desired color of the pixel. 

More than 4,000 colors are possible with 

this approach. 

YESTERDAY…TODAY…TOMORROW

There are currently limitations to the 

technology as it stands today. While lowresolution 

flexible displays presently exist, 

high-resolution flexible displays still represent 

a manufacturing challenge. For a 

high-resolution flexible EPD (>80ppi), a TFT 

backplane must be made on a flexible substrate, 

such as polymer film or thin steel. 

This is a significant challenge, and it will 

require continued research over the next 

few years from the industry. 

An additional challenge remaining with 

EPDs is to increase the update rate. 

Currently, the image update time ranges 

from 260ms (black and white mode) to 

740ms (grayscale mode). To attain the 

maximum power advantage by utilizing 

bistability, it is actually desired that the 

average update rate be slow. For certain 

applications, such as electronic books, this 

is the exact intended use. 

Raytheon has partnered with E Ink and the 

Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona 

State University to accelerate the road map 

of flexible display technology. We are 

leveraging commercial products from E Ink 

to produce militarized prototype units to 

be tested by the dismounted soldier. This 

promotes customer interest and helps 

identify the first generation market space 

for this new technology. 

To achieve true Network Centric 

Operations, we must extend the network 

down to the individual soldier. EPDs are a 

key enabling technology to achieve a userfriendly, 

ultra low-power network at this 

level. Raytheon’s expertise in communications 

systems and flexible displays enables 

potential MSI roles for future C2 and 

situational awareness systems. In addition, 

there are multiple opportunities for new 

applications, such as wearable displays and 

rollable, tileable large situation displays. 

Ben Howe 

bmhowe@raytheon.com 

Supporting Math and Science Education 

When you help a student master the Pythagorean theorem, 

you could be supporting a future engineer who will master 

nanotechnology. That’s why Raytheon created MathMovesUTM , a national initiative 

designed to show middle school students that they can master math, and that it will 

take them to lots of cool places. Raytheon is also proud to support MATHCOUNTS ® , 

which motivates more than 500,000 middle school students to sharpen their math 

skills each year. By working to improve our children’s proficiency in math and science 

today, we’re giving them what they need to improve our world tomorrow. 

www.MathMovesU.com 

© 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. 

“Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company. 

MathMovesU is a trademark of Raytheon Company. 

MATHCOUNTS is a registered trademark of the MATHCOUNTS Foundation.

Upcoming Engineering and 

Technology External Events 

CMMI® Technology Conference 

and User Group 

Nov. 12–15, 2007 

Hyatt Regency Tech Center 

Denver, Colorado 

http://www.ndia.org/Template.cfm? 

Section=8110&Template=/ContentM 

anagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&Co 

ntentID=15079 

8th International Conference 

on Cooperative Control 

and Optimization 

Jan. 30–Feb. 15, 2008 

University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida 

http://www.ise.ufl.edu/cao/cco2008 

/index.html 


Resources 

Raytheon Rolls Out a New Element 

in its Architecting Curriculum 

In June 2007, instructors from Raytheon 

Integrated Defense Systems (IDS) and 

Leadership and Innovative Learning teamed 

at Global Headquarters to begin the rollout 

of the Architecting Methods course for 

engineers and others with a desire to architect. 

A group of eight students and six 

instructor candidates spent a week exploring 

the fundamental thought processes and 

decision-making activities of architecting 

using current Raytheon examples. 

“Architecting Methods is an exciting 

course,” said Mark Munkacsy, senior 

Architecting Methods instructor for IDS. 

“It recognizes that a system’s architecture 

is the result of a whole series of decisions 

that address how the system will be used 

and how the system will be built. We’ve 

divided the course into roughly equal time 

in workshops and in classroom presentations, 

with the focus on the underlying 

decisions that are being made. For example, 

one of the course’s modules explores the 

related processes of aggregation and 

decomposition, and introduces the notion 

that there are some rules that have to be 

followed to keep a decomposition from 

simply being broken.” 

Architecting Methods does not focus on 

any particular frameworks or standards and 

requires no previous knowledge of DoDAF 

(DoD Architecture Framework), TOGAF (The 

Open Group Architecture Framework) or the 

Raytheon Enterprise Architecture Process 

(REAP). “Architecting Methods is the result 

of discussing how senior architects think 

through the problem of architecting,” said 

Randy Case, Raytheon Certified Architect 

and member of Raytheon’s Architecture 

Review Board. “It is a simplification of the 

architect’s thought process.” 

The Architecting Methods course material is 

designed to be useful to people with many 

levels of architecting knowledge, from basic 

to fairly advanced. “It fills an important 

need between introduction and expertise,” 

said Brian Wells, Raytheon chief systems 

engineer. The mix of labs and lecture should 

provide a nice balance.” 

Architecting Methods is designed to be 

flexible, in that the material will all be 

delivered within a single week, or spread 

out in blocks of four or eight hours. The lab 

case can also be varied to match particular 

student needs. The course is planned for 

local instructors, with oversight from a designated 

senior instructor in each business. 

For more information about Architecting 

Methods, or to discuss roll out to your site 

or business, contact Larri Rosser at 

larri_rosser@raytheon.com.

Getting to Know Your Raytheon Certified Architects 

Mike Beauford 

Senior Principal Systems 

Engineer, NCS IRAD 

While working a proposal 

in 1999, Mike 

Beauford ran across a 

requirement in the 

Statement of Work to 

produce an architecture 

using the C4ISR 

Architecture Framework. This led to research 

into architecture, frameworks, tools and notations. 

Eventually Mike supported John 

McDonald and Rolf Seigers in developing the 

Raytheon Enterprise Architecture Process 

(REAP). He was then assigned to the architecture 

development team for a large data management 

program, which used System 

Architect to develop their architecture. 

Rolf, who was presenting REAP across the 

company, would often receive phone calls for 

support. Sometimes the teams would request 

tool support and Rolf would refer them to 

Mike, who supported the Next Generation Air 

Transportation System (NGATS) and helped 

them select tools and methods. The C4ISR 

Architecture Framework was adopted across the 

Department of Defense (DoD) and became the 

DoDAF (DoD Architecture Framework). A funded 

study required DoDAF and specified using 

System Architect. During this activity, Mike needed 

additional training and was certified by the 

Federal Enterprise Architecture Certification 

Institute as an enterprise architect in 2004. 

In 2005, Mike participated in the Network 

Centric Systems (NCS) Architecture Tool Trade 

Study. He has formal training (or significant 

on-the-job training) with several architecture 

tools, including System Architect, TAU, 

Provision, METIS and Rhapsody. Also in 2005, 

he joined the Future Combat System (FCS) 

Ground Sensor Developer Architecture Team 

for the Multi-Function RF System (MFRFS), 

and became the NCS North Texas Common 

Process Architecture (CPA) subject matter 

expert for “Architecture & System Design.” 

In 2006, Mike completed his RCAP courses 

and passed the RCAP certification board in 

2007. He has taught architecture in the Systems 

Engineering Technical Development Program 

and worked on the development of RLI courses 

for Architecture Methods and DoDAF. 

He is now a senior principal systems engineer 

working on architecture activities at the Spring 

Creek campus in Plano, Texas. He is currently 

developing an Information Management 

Reference Architecture (IMRA) with a focus on 

information fusion, knowledge management 

and knowledge discovery. The IMRA is being 

used as the foundation for the Common 

Reference Architecture Model, which includes 

reference architectures for Command and 

Control, Information Assurance, 

Communications and Netted Sensors. 

Mike is an active member in the Net Centric 

Operations Industry Consortium (NCOIC) 

and is the vice chair for the Net Centric 

Assessment Functional Team. 

In his 26 years as a Raytheon systems engineer, 

Mike’s most enjoyable assignment was spending 

eight years in Alice Springs, Australia. 

Prior to joining the company in 1981, Mike 

served six years as a U.S. Army Signal Officer. 

Mike holds a master’s degree in systems management 

from U.S.C. and a bachelor’s degree in 

electronics engineering technology from 

Northwestern State University. 

Mark Munkacsy 

Sr. Engineering 

Fellow, Advanced 

FNC Programs 

While serving on a 

submarine in the 

Navy years ago, Mark 

Munkacsy experienced 

a complete failure 

of the sub’s command 

and control computers during a particularly 

sensitive moment of a submerged tactical 

operation. “I can still taste the mixture of fear 

and frustration I felt as we realized it was unsafe 

to continue and had to abort the operation.” 

People 

The Raytheon Certified Architect Program (RCAP) is the culmination of Raytheon’s systems architecting 

learning curriculum. RCAP focuses on providing our customers with the expertise needed to support their 

long-term transformational goals. In recognition of their certification, we continue to highlight our 

Raytheon certified architects. 

That event continues to influence Mark’s work 

even today — as a certified architect at 

Raytheon’s Integrated Defense Systems (IDS). 

“As I develop the architectures of the Navy’s 

next generation of systems, I keep playing 

devil’s advocate, searching for things that could 

trip up tomorrow’s warfighter. We have an 

obligation to never let ourselves be satisfied, to 

keep searching for deeper understandings of 

how our systems will behave when presented 

with situations we’ve never dreamed of.” 

Mark entered the RCAP after four years as the 

chief system architect on the Zumwalt program. 

RCAP uses a number of outside experts 

to teach many of its key classroom modules. “It 

was really exciting to compare notes with these 

folks. They brought experience with architectural 

development for both government and 

private industry. Add to that the diverse backgrounds 

of the RCAP students from all across 

Raytheon and we had the perfect environment 

for learning from each other.” 

Since then, Mark has been involved in the 

development of training materials for a new 

offering in Raytheon’s training pipeline for 

architects: the Architecting Methods course. By 

his own admission, he’s learned as much teaching 

that course as he did as a student in RCAP. 

Mark believes there’s much left to discover 

about the process of architecting. “We haven’t 

really figured out the right relationships among 

architecting, systems engineering and top-level 

design,” said Mark. “They aren’t distinctly separate, 

nor are they the same thing. We’ve been 

doing all three for centuries, but not necessarily 

calling them by today’s popular names. 

Some people see design and architecting as 

subsets of systems engineering; others argue 

vehemently that systems engineers shouldn’t be 

‘doing design.’ Some see a role for creativity 

and artistry in all three; others see only engineering 

and numbers instead. Once we figure 

this out, our project teams’ efficiencies will 

improve and we’ll be even more confident in 

the level of Mission Assurance architected into 

our systems.” 


People 

ET&MA 

Professionals 

Exemplify 

Raytheon’s 

CFM Strategy 

Military Think Tank Team 

Jeffery T. Jacoby, IIS; Sou C. Wong-Lee, SAS; 

Craig Korth, IIS; William J. Farmer, NCS; 

Steven R. Shelton, IIS 

The Military Think Tank (MTT) Team took a new 

approach in identifying mission capability gaps 

for Phase -1 and Phase 0 activities. The team discovered 

that 96 percent of Raytheon’s customer 

contact points were within the community of brokers 

(acquisition agencies). Only 5 percent of contacts 

involved mid-stream users — and no contacts 

existed with end-users, making our understanding 

of mission context incomplete. 

To close this gap, the MTT team conducted two 

think tank sessions involving 113 employees 

from across Raytheon businesses whose military 

service might yield insights into end-user needs. 

The team orchestrated dialogues between these 

end-user groups and members of Business 

Development and Engineering, focusing on two 

cornerstones of Mission Assurance and Quality: 

being a customer advocate and understanding 

the customer’s mission. 

These dialogues generated 57 ideas for new business 

— four of which were later booked. Because 

the team took the initiative to understand our 

customer’s customer, $2M in firm bookings were 

gained, with another $14M forecasted, and 

Raytheon’s standing as a Mission Systems 

Integrator was reinforced. This cross-functional 


Ensuring Our Customers’ Mission Success 

Highlighted below are three of the 19 teams which captured awards at Raytheon’s Excellence in Operations 

and Quality Awards, held in June 2007. These awards honor teams across the company whose outstanding 

achievements have contributed to Raytheon’s growth and helped ensure our customers’ mission success. 

Each award winner’s story brings to life our Vision, Strategy, Goals and Values — and showcases the 

quality and operational leadership that drives our company forward. 

and cross-business effort broadened our collective 

grasp of mission context, allowing Raytheon 

to offer more complete, integrated solutions that 

meet both contract and end-user needs. 

Single Integrated Air Picture Software Team 

Tam Vo, Stephanie K. Delzer, Wendy H. Kuo, 

Thomas V. Nguyen, 

Mark A. Engebretson (not pictured) 

The U.S. Air Force chose ThalesRaytheonSystems 

(TRS) Fullerton to integrate and evaluate the government’s 

new joint services Single Integrated Air 

Picture (SIAP) command and control (C2) systemof-systems. 

Though awarded the SIAP program 18 

months later than other pathfinder programs, the 

TRS Battle Control System (BCS) SIAP Software 

Team emerged as the clear front runner by integrating 

major releases of government-furnished 

software in less than three weeks, which the 

competition took six to 10 months to complete. 

Based on this team’s rapid integration results, the 

government designated TRS as the pathfinder-ofpathfinders 

for their system-of-systems. The 

team’s exceptional performance provided the Air 

Force its most advanced SIAP test bed and 

earned praise from the government PMO, which 

described TRS as being “second to none.” By consistently 

exceeding customer expectations while 

maintaining cost and schedule, this team has 

positioned Raytheon favorably with every branch 

of U.S. Armed Forces and with the Office of the 

Secretary of Defense. TRS is currently preparing a 

presentation and demonstration for the Defense 

Acquisition Board at the Pentagon. 

Enterprise Process Team 

Bill B. Billingsley, J. Michael Hanavan, 

Carolyn B. Hickey, Kathryn H. Kirby, 

John B. Miller 

In 2006, the Intelligence and Information Systems 

(IIS) Enterprise Process Team (EPT) led the design, 

development and implementation of a set of 

common business processes across the enterprise, 

enabling 8,200 employees at six separate work 

sites to use a single set of policies and procedures. 

This team significantly streamlined organizational 

process guidance and successfully completed 

a Capability Maturity Model Integration 

(CMMI ® ) Level 3 appraisal across the full scope of 

the CMMI model — an unprecedented accomplishment 

for an Operations team. 

Driving process performance through Operations 

enabled IIS to become the first Raytheon organization 

to achieve both the Integrated Product 

and Process Development (IPPD) and Supplier 

Sourcing (SS) portions of the CMMI, which fewer 

than 3.5 percent of companies appraised by the 

Software Engineering Institute (SEI) achieve. 

The CMMI credential was a requirement for 

Raytheon to be able to bid on the BAMS contract. 

By establishing a single set of business 

processes and conducting a businesswide CMMI 

appraisal, the EPT eliminated nearly $8M in 

redundant appraisal costs and reduced process 

management cost by nearly $3.5M per year. 

The resulting $15M projected overhead savings 

through 2012 represents significant savings 

for our customers.

The National Air and Space Museum’s 

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center outside of 

Washington, D.C., was the perfect setting 

for a dinner and ceremony honoring 19 

Raytheon teams with the 2006 Excellence 

in Operations and Quality Award. 

The award is one of Raytheon’s highest 

honors and recognizes outstanding 

achievements that contribute to Raytheon’s 

growth and help ensure our customers’ 

mission success. 

Ninety-five award recipients were lauded at 

the June 28, 2007 event by Taylor W. 

Lawrence, vice president of Corporate 

Engineering, Technology and Mission 

Assurance, for their commitment to the 

Events 

2006 Excellence in 

Operations and Quality Awards 

innovation, creativity and quality that drive 

Raytheon forward. The recipients represented 

all six businesses, Raytheon Systems 

Limited and several collaborative efforts 

among multiple businesses. 

The awards celebration was a part of the 

2007 Mission Assurance Forum, and appropriately, 

Mission Assurance was a common 

thread among the award-winning teams. 

With the competitive nature of today’s marketplace, 

delivering a product on time and 

within budget is expected. The process 

excellence exemplified by the award recipients 

continues to set Raytheon apart – leaving 

customers with no doubt that our products 

will work the first time, every time, 

whenever and wherever needed. 

During his keynote remarks in the Udvar- 

Hazy Center’s IMAX ® Theater, Dr. Lawrence 

noted, “We must provide Mission 

Assurance and improve performance continually 

to build and maintain customer 

confidence. The teams we honor tonight 

have done that, and are an example to all of 

Raytheon’s employees. We recognize them 

for their pursuit of excellence, for meeting 

customer needs, and for their leadership.” 

Raytheon congratulates and applauds this 

year’s winners. To learn more about the 

winning teams and their achievements, visit 

the Raytheon Excellence in Operations and 

Quality Awards intranet spotlight feature at 

http://home.ray.com/feature/maf07/maf07_ 

award_story. 


Events 

Everyone Plays a Part 

2007 Mission Assurance Forum 

M ore than 400 people from across 

Raytheon gathered at the 2007 Mission 

Assurance Forum, held June 27–29 in 

Reston, Va., to increase their understanding 

of and reinforce their commitment to 

Mission Assurance. 

Sponsored jointly by Raytheon’s Operations 

and Performance Excellence Councils, the 

forum united Raytheon business leaders, 

employees, customers and industry partners. 

The group focused not only on what 

the company is doing right, but where we 

can improve on our mission of ensuring 

customer success. 

The forum’s theme, “Everyone Plays a 

Part,” was chosen to emphasize just how 

many different roles and functions are 

required to provide NoDoubt solutions 

to our customers. 

Taylor W. Lawrence, vice president of 

Engineering, Technology and Mission 

Assurance, kicked off the forum by introducing 

Raytheon’s new vice president of 

Mission Assurance, Greg Alston, who is 

developing an integrated Mission Assurance 


vision and strategy for Raytheon. 

Lawrence also challenged attendees to 

gain a better understanding of their 

connection to Mission Assurance. “From 

the factory floor to senior leadership, 

Mission Assurance requires a continual 

commitment from everyone across 

the enterprise.” 

Attendees also heard about the 

importance of Mission Assurance from 

the following key customers: 

Dr. Donald M. Kerr, Director, National 

Reconnaissance Office 

Lt. Gen. Michael A. Hamel, Commander, 

Space and Missile Systems Center, Air 

Force Space Command 

Bryan D. O’Connor, Chief Safety and 

Mission Assurance Officer, National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Randolph R. Stone, Director for Safety, 

Quality and Mission Assurance, Missile 

Defense Agency 

Detailed track sessions gave participants 

firsthand accounts and actionable 

information about the role Mission 

Assurance plays in Raytheon businesses 

and for our key customers. They represented 

an enterprisewide dedication and commitment 

to educating Raytheon employees 

on their role in process excellence. 

Two informative panel discussions highlighted 

the last day’s agenda. Six warfighters 

back from recent tours of duty told personal 

stories about the role Mission Assurance 

plays when they are in the field. 

Additionally, a leadership panel featuring 

Raytheon Senior Vice President and CFO 

David Wajsgras, Technical Services President 

Rick Yuse, Intelligence and Information 

Systems President Mike Keebaugh and 

Integrated Defense Systems President Dan 

Smith addressed what Mission Assurance 

means at the highest levels at Raytheon.

Raytheon 

Technology Network Spring Symposia: 

If you really want to know 

what’s happening in the realm 

of engineering at Raytheon, 

just attend one of the 

Raytheon Technology Network 

(TN) annual symposia. You’ll 

find the most enlightening 

technology collaboration activities 

available today. Each year, 

the six TNs host discipline-specific 

forums to share current 

technology trends, customer 

imperatives and strategic 

road maps. The forums also 

provide essential networking 

opportunities for engineers 

and technologists to foster 

knowledge sharing. 

Software Systems Symposium 

Nearly 500 participants gathered in Dallas 

on April 30 for the Software Systems 

Symposium, titled “Technical Excellence via 

Innovation and Revolution.” Topics included 

the changing global marketplace, enabling 

technologies and disruptive innovation. 

Raytheon recognizes that remaining competitive 

in today’s global climate requires an 

understanding of sustaining vs. disruptive 

innovation. We must anticipate the 

customer’s real needs in order to develop 

a specific, out-of-the-box solution to the 

customer’s job at hand, while maintaining 

our ongoing business objectives. 

In his presentation, “Refreshing the 

Engineering Spirit Through Innovation,” 

Mike Vahey, Processing Technology Network 

lead and an Innovation Champion, noted 

the importance of targeting products at 

specific circumstances, rather than the 

customers themselves. 

“While there are many technical challenges, 

we are currently focusing our disruptive 

innovation efforts toward solutions for 

Persistent Tracking/Assured ID and Novel 

Effects,” added Dave Breuer, formerly both 

the director of Technology and leader of the 

Raytheon Technology Networks. “To succeed, 

we must identify and implement 

disruptive innovation methodologies that 

will work for us and which can coexist with 

our ongoing sustaining business activities. 

It’s very encouraging to see the level of 

interest on the part of the technical and 

business communities.” 

www://home.ray.com/technetworks 

Electro Optical Systems 

Symposium 

Events 

Using Collaboration to Drive Innovation 

Now in its ninth year, the 2007 Electro 

Optical Systems Symposium united nearly 

300 engineers and technologists in Dallas 

on May 15. The event’s theme was 

“Innovative EO Technology for Integrated 

Mission System Solutions.” 

During one session, Raytheon was praised 

for leading the world in thermal optic and 

sensing solutions for the ground warfighter. 



Events 


But with success comes the added responsibility 

of warding off complacency. In 

essence, because “everyone else is catching 

up,” the company must continue to drive 

innovation at all times. 

The event was bittersweet for Alan Silver, 

who will be retiring as EO Technology 

Network chair this year. One of the challenges 

currently facing the EO network, in 

Silver’s view, is continuing to grow their 

technology base. Raytheon continues to 

expand its outreach by looking at small 

businesses and universities to help fuel the 

pipeline of innovative technologies. Silver 

sees an opportunity for the Technology 

Networks to serve as the focal point for 

collecting and implementing innovative 

ideas from diverse sources. 

Silver also contends that the EO Technology 

Network must evolve as Raytheon evolves 

in the Mission Systems Integration arena. 

“Standalone sensors have limited utility, 


and many sensors are becoming more of a 

commodity,” said Silver. “The challenge is 

to figure out how to integrate our sensors 

into larger mission systems, thereby helping 

us evolve from an EO sensors supplier into 

a systems solutions provider where EO is 

part of the solution.” 

Regarding the value of the Technology 

Networks, Silver believes it’s virtually limitless. 

“My motivation from a personal standpoint 

has always been to avoid taking pain 

for money. There are plenty of innovative 

thinkers within the networks. If you can get 

enough of those people coordinated 

around working the difficult or ‘painful’ 

technical problems, I don’t think there’s any 

problem Raytheon can’t solve.” 

Spring Symposia 

Processing Systems Symposium 

Innovation, technology of the future, road 

maps and vision were some of the key 

words heard throughout the eleventh 

annual Process Systems Technology 

Network (PSTN) Processing Systems 

Symposium, held at the Space and Airborne 

Systems facility in El Segundo, Calif. on 

May 21. More than 280 people attended 

this year’s PSTN Symposium, dubbed “Road 

Maps: Flight Path to the Future.” 

The event focused on the new technologies 

and processes that are beginning to shape 

our company. According to symposium 

Chair Louis Entin, the TN leadership team 

wanted to do something a little different. 

“Instead of looking at the past and presenting 

on what we accomplished back then, 

let’s begin looking forward. Let’s define the 

technology path we’d like to go down for 

each one of our Technology Interest Groups 

and then build a road map. We’re promoting 

forward-looking thinking and setting the 

technical direction, in this case, for processing 

technology within the company. That’s 

the purpose of this year’s symposium.” 

Heidi Shyu, vice president of corporate 

Technology and Research for Raytheon, 

started things rolling with a discussion on

corporate technology goals for 2007. “We 

need to push innovation, which will provide 

superior customer solutions,” said Shyu. 

“We also need to come up with designs 

that are truly producible. For growth, we 

need to align our tech road maps to emerging 

opportunities, looking at where our 

opportunities are growing in the next five 

to 10 years. We need to leverage our innovation 

and disruptive technologies to enter 

new adjacent markets and we need to 

expand our intellectual property or IP portfolio. 

Our goal, through Technology and 

Research, is to provide Raytheon’s enterprise-wide 

technology vision and direction 

and nurture our disruptive technology 

efforts, to make sure that our company’s on 

the leading edge of innovation, helping our 

customer to achieve mission success.” 

Another memorable presentation focusing 

on the need for sustained innovation was 

delivered by Mike Vahey, principal engineering 

fellow. “Our corporation has some of 

the best engineers in the world,” said 

Vahey. “We’re extremely innovative and we 

have really creative ideas, but we don’t 

always carry them across the goal line. 

Innovation is a critical part to growing the 

future. Innovation is not guaranteed success, 

so you have to weigh in the failures. 

But the opposite of pursuing innovation is 

never achieving. We have to strive to 

ensure that our products and processes can 

bring the future to the present — accelerating 

the discovery and adoption of technology 

that meets customer capability needs 

and Mission Assurance.” 

RF Systems Symposium 

The ninth annual All-Raytheon RF Systems 

Symposium was held June 18–21 in 

Tucson, Ariz. Hosted by Raytheon Missile 

Systems (MS), the event was called 

“Sustaining and Disruptive RF Systems 

Leading the Way for Today and Tomorrow.” 

The symposium featured one day of 

keynote speakers and three days of presentations, 

workshops and exhibits chock full 

of pertinent information for RF engineers 

and technologists. 

Don Targoff, vice president of Technology at 

MS, kicked off the activities with his 

keynote speech. Targoff discussed the current 

products, disruptive technologies, 

future trends and innovative activities such 

as “Bike Shop.” Named in honor of the 

Wright Brothers, Bike Shop is a more radical, 

high-speed prototyping facility in 

Tucson that’s internally funded. The workload 

has increased significantly in recent 

years: from a few million dollars three years 

ago to roughly $90 million in 2007. 

Richard Taylor, a senior fellow and the project’s 

chief engineer, gave a presentation on 

a project called “Sheriff,” a non-lethal, 

Events 

directed energy weapon and short-range 

active denial system that safely repels people. 

Taylor discussed the rapid prototyping 

involved with Sheriff, which was developed 

and deployed to warfighters in just six 

months. Sheriff will be used for crowd control 

purposes in Iraq. 

“The idea was to have an active denial system 

to discriminate between who’s coming 

toward you to do harm and who’s actually 

just there to protest,” said Taylor. “This is 

a millimeter wave-beam that heats up or 

penetrates down through the layers of 

skin, warms up the moisture in the skin 

and creates a burning sensation that repels 

the aggressor.” 

From the 15-year returnee to the six-month 

junior engineer, the message was the same 

— the symposium was educational, interesting 

and above all, useful. It was an 

opportunity to display work in front of new 

eyes, and obtain fresh perspectives which 

might lead to further breakthroughs. 

www://home.ray.com/technetworks 


Special Interest 

After nearly two years of hosting competitions 

and awarding grants and prizes, the 

MathMovesU website is getting an overhaul. 

Launched in 2005, Raytheon’s 

MathMovesU initiative engages middle 

school students by illustrating the connection 

between math and “cool” careers. National 

studies show that students lose interest in 

math during their middle school years. 

“Hold onto your seat because the new site 

moves at a high rate of speed with animation, 

graphics and sounds that these kids 

are use to,” said Kristin Hilf, Raytheon’s vice 

president of Community Relations. “During 

focus group sessions, students told us they 

would be more interested in an educational 

site if it was more immersive, included community 

aspects and was customizable.” 

To beef up MathMovesU.com, Raytheon 

enlisted the help of Arc Worldwide, a 

Chicago-based multimedia firm. Arc is populating 

the site with math activities that 

focus on music, sports and fashion — the 

top three areas kids are most passionate 

about. In these new online worlds, kids can 

play games that showcase the math behind 

their favorite activities. 

The new improved MathMovesU.com will 

go live later this fall. “This is an ongoing 

process,” said Hilf. “After the site relaunch, 

we will continue to adjust to trends 

in interactive media.” 

Much Progress Has Been Made 

Since November 2005, MathMovesU has 

awarded more than $2 million in grants 

and scholarships and registered 25,000 

online users. More than 500,000 people 

have visited the site since its initial launch. 

In 2007, Web content has centered around 

monthly contests and promotions, including 

Math Match, Engineers Week, Camp MMU 

and Back to School. Kids answered a series 


Captivates Kids With New, Improved Website 

of math questions to enter drawings for 

video game systems, computers, MP3 players 

and more. CampMMU was the largest 

competition with virtual summer activities 

such as horseback riding, rock climbing 

and kayaking. 

Over the summer, Raytheon volunteers 

worked with students in McKinney, Texas, 

where Dallas Cowboys star Bradie James 

described how he uses math on the football 

field. After James pumped up the 

crowd, Raytheon volunteers helped students 

create and operate small hovercrafts. 

Employees Encouraged to Spread Word 

A huge vacancy in science and engineering 

jobs over the next 20 years is expected, due 

to continued growth in technology and science, 

and the increasing retirement of baby 

boomers. In fact, according to business and 

labor statistics, employment in science and 

engineering will increase about 70 percent 

faster than the rate for all occupations. To 

make matters more challenging, math scores 

among American students are declining. 

As a result, the time to help our budding 

engineers is right now. That’s why Raytheon 

employees are encouraged to spread the 

word about the new site and the program 

in general. “Employee involvement is critical 

to our success,” said Jennifer Chan, 

Raytheon’s manager of Community 

Relations. “Our engineers help kids with 

their math and science projects so they can 

see how math formulas come to life.” 

Visit www.MathMovesU.com today and 

spread the word. 

Rick Ramirez 

rramirez@raytheon.com

Raytheon Acquires Percy Spencer’s Call Sign 

for Homeland Security Radio Station 

The Raytheon facility in Marlborough, 

Mass., is currently installing an amateur 

radio station to support Emergency 

Operations communications. The station 

will support emergency net traffic between 

Raytheon facilities and also support emergency 

communications with the surrounding 

community. Each station will communicate 

with all other Raytheon plants and/or 

other amateur radio stations when the normal 

lines of communication are lost — for 

example, in the event of an emergency or 

severe weather. The Marlborough station 

will have an HF capability for long-distance 

communication and a VHF capability for tieins 

to local emergency management personnel 

and facilities. 

A call sign for the Marlborough station was 

initially obtained from the FCC. Later, it was 

discovered that the call sign of Raytheon’s 

founder, Percy Spencer (W1GBE), was available. 

It was immediately obtained as the 

vanity call for the station. 

Who is Percy Spencer? 

Percy Spencer was an extremely competent 

tube engineer and one of the company’s 

founders. He was a fellow of the American 

Academy of the Arts and Sciences, a member 

of the Institute of Radio Engineers and 

a holder of an honorary Doctor of Science 

degree from the University of Massachusetts. 

Above all, he was a practical engineer with 

a great thirst for knowledge. 

Percy Spencer, W1GBE 

Percy Spencer is best remembered in 

Raytheon circles for discovering a better 

way to make the magnetron tube and for 

inventing the microwave oven. 

The Magnetron 

During WWII, the British had developed an 

important tube for radar called the magnetron 

— a high-power S-band transmitting 

tube. It was initially machined from a solid 

block of copper. This was a difficult process, 

and the amount of tubes made in a given 

time was insufficient to keep up with 

Early WWII magnatron: UX6652-13 

LWWII aminated magnatron anode and 

cooling fins 

wartime demands. Spencer looked at the 

construction of the tube and determined 

that he could make the same unit by 

stamping out copper sheets with the tube 

cavity pattern and braze them all into 

one unit in an oven. This stamped-metal 

construction technique increased the 

quantity of tubes made in a day from 

hundreds to thousands. 

Microwave Popcorn 

Spencer determined that microwaves could 

be used for cooking food. One day while 

visiting a laboratory where magnetron 

tubes were being tested, he leaned too 

Special Interest 

close to an open waveguide. The candy bar 

in his coat pocket melted. Other scientists 

had noticed this phenomenon, but Spencer 

recognized its importance. Soon after, he 

sent a boy out for a package of popcorn. 

When the popcorn was held near a magnetron, 

the popcorn exploded all around 

the laboratory. Check out the artwork for 

the patent application. Notice the popcorn 

detailed as “food to be cooked.” Who said 

engineers don’t have fun? The patent number 

for this invention is 2,495,429. 

The Call Sign 

Percy Spencer’s grandson, Rod Spencer, was 

contacted for permission to acquire and use 

Percy’s call sign. He gratefully granted the 

request, expressing great excitement that 

his grandfather’s call sign soon would be on 

the air again. 

Station Status 

The equipment for the radio station in 

Marlborough has already been purchased. 

The station will have a portable HF capability, 

using a tripod-mounted HF antenna and 

a fixed-station capability, using a beam 

antenna. Plans are also underway to mount 

the beam antenna on the facility’s roof. In 

the meantime, the portable equipment may 

be set up for a mock emergency. 

Lou Tramontozzi, KA1HIH 

Raytheon Company 

Marlborough, Mass. 

508.490.1236 


U.S. Patents 

Issued to Raytheon 

At Raytheon, we encourage people to 

work on technological challenges that keep 

America strong and develop innovative 

commercial products. Part of that process is 

identifying and protecting our intellectual 

property. Once again, the U.S. Patent Office 

has recognized our engineers and technologists 

for their contributions in their fields of 

interest. We compliment our inventors who 

were awarded patents from May through 

August 2007. 

JAMES FLORENCE 

CLAY E TOWERY 

7210262 Method and apparatus for safe 

operation of an electronic firearm sight 

depending upon detected ambient illumination 

MICHAEL K HOLZ 

IRL W SMITH 

7215472 Wide-angle beam steering system 

RICHARD J LAPALME 

7216119 Method and apparatus for intelligent 

information retrieval 

HANS W BRUESSELBACH 

AUTHI A NARAYANAN 

DAVID S SUMIDA 

7217585 Method for fabricating and using a 

light waveguide 

JAMES A FINCH 

KENNETH KOSAI 

SCOTT M TAYLOR 

7217982 Photodiode having voltage tunable 

spectral response 

DAVID L STEINBAUER 

7218272 Reducing antenna boresight error 

LACY G COOK 

7218444 Dual-band, dual-focal length, relayed, 

refractive imager 

DARIN S WILLIAMS 

7219853 Systems and methods for tracking targets 

with aimpoint offset 

MATTHEW JONAS 

7223063 Method and system for adjusting a 

position of an object 

YUEH-CHI CHANG 

MARIO DAMICO 

BRIAN D LAMONT 

ANGELO M PUZELLA 

THOMAS C SMITH 

NORVAL L WARDLE 

7226328 Extendable spar buoy for sea-based 

communication system 

WILLIAM E HOKE 

JOHN J MOSCA 

7226850 Gallium nitride high electron mobility 

transistor structure 

GEORGE F BARSON 

MICHAEL D KOEHLER 

RICHARD M WEBER 

7227753 Method and apparatus for cooling 

heat-generating structure 

JOHN R STALEY 

FRANK C SULZBACH 

7230684 Method and apparatus for range 

finding with a single aperture 

PAUL F KUEBER 

JOHN R STOWELL 

7233083 Reduced component power converter with 

independent regulated outputs and method 

CECILIA A CANADA 

STEPHEN R DAVIS 

MICHAEL K SPEYRER 

7234131 Peer review evaluation tool 


TIMOTHY E CABER 

7236121 Pattern classifier and method for 

associating tracks from different sensors 

ROBERT J ADAMS 

VINH N ADAMS 

WESLEY H DWELLY 

7236124 Radar system and method for reducing clutter 

in a high-clutter environment 

JEAN-MARIE R DAUTELLE 

7236165 System and method for asynchronous 

recording of a system state 

THEODORE B BAILEY 

7238957 Methods and apparatus for presenting images 

CHRISTINA L ADAIR 

TIM B BONBRAKE 

CHRISTOPHER J RUTZ 

7240617 Weapon arming system and method 

MATTHEW JONAS 

7241103 Method and system for adjusting a position 

of an object 

JEROME H POZGAY 

7242350 Estimating an angle-of-arrival of signal by 

determining polarization 

IAN B KERFOOT 

JAMES G KOSALOS 

7242638 Method and system for synthetic aperture sonar 

ROGER BALL 

ANDREW J GABURA 

BLAISE ROBITAILLE 

7244937 Optical measurement apparatus with 

laser light source 

GABOR DEVENYI 

7246537 Wire-wound leadscrew assembly with a 

preloaded leadscrew wire nut and its fabrication 

JIM L HAWS 

WILLIAM G WYATT 


7246658 Method and apparatus for efficient heat 

exchange in an aircraft or other vehicle 

DAVID G JENKINS 

7247852 Methods and apparatus for sensor systems 

SILVIO A CARDERO 

ROBERT E MAJEWSKI 

7248343 Amplitude weighted spatial coherent 

processing for ladar system 

James H Lougheed 

7248540 Delay sensing circuit 

GABOR DEVENYI 

7249534 Leadscrew mechanical drive with differential 

leadscrew follower structure 

JOHN CANGEME 

DAVID V MANOOGIAN 

GERALD M PITSTICK 

7250902 A method of generating accurate estimates 

of azimuth and elevation angles of a target for a 

phased-phased array rotating radar 

JOHN G HESTON 

7253517 Method and apparatus for combining multiple 

integrated circuits 

FREDERICK R DINAPOLI 

7254092 Method and system for swimmer denial 


WILLIAM G WYATT 

7254957 Method and apparatus for cooling with coolant 

at a subambient pressure 

HANSFORD H CUTLIP 

7256390 Inflatable spherical integrating source 

for spaceflight applications having a reflective 

interior surface 

JOHN G HESTON 

SCOTT M HESTON 

MIKEL J WHITE 

7256654 Amplifying a signal using a current shared 

power amplifier 

JAMES G SMALL 

7257327 Wireless communication system with high 

efficiency/high power optical source 

DELMAR L BARKER 

WILLIAM R OWENS 

ROSS D ROSENWALD 

NITESH N SHAH 

HAO XIN 

7257333 Dynamic control of PLANCK radiation in 

photonic crystals 

International 

Patents Issued to Raytheon 

Congratulations to Raytheon technologists 

from all over the world. We would like to 

acknowledge international patents issued 

from mid-April through August 2007. These 

inventors are responsible for keeping the 

company on the cutting edge, and we salute 

their innovation and contributions. 

Titles are those on the U.S.-filed patents; 

actual titles on foreign counterparts are 

sometimes modified and not recorded. While 

we strive to list current international 

patents, many foreign patents issue much 

later than the corresponding U.S. patents 

and may not yet be reflected. 

AUSTRALIA 

GEORGE P BORTNYK 

2002300531 Combining signal images in accordance 

with signal-to-noise ratios 

PETER F BARBELLA 

TAMARA L FRANZ 

BARBARA E PAUPLIS 

2004209407 Technique for non-coherent integration of 

targets with ambiguous velocities 

MICHAEL J DELCHECCOLO 

DELBERT E LIPPERT 

MARK E RUSSELL 

HBARTELD B VANREES 

WALTER G WOODINGTON 

2002365263 Docking information system for boats 

DEANNA K HARDEN 

SHERIE M JOHNSON 

THOMAS E STAYONOFF 

GREG S WOLFF 

2005202535 Distributed communications effects module 

AUSTRIA, DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANY, 

GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, ITALY, LIECHT- 

ENSTEIN, SPAIN, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND 

JOEL N HARRIS 

1310013 Satellite communication antenna pointing system 

CANADA 

THOMAS M BOTTOMLEY 

DAVID N GREEN 

JAMES H LOUGHEED 

STEPHEN D SHAW 

2280647 Aiming system for weapon capable 

of superelevation 

OSCAR J BEDIGIAN JR 

JACK J SCHUSS 

THOMAS V SIKINA 

2324273 Phased array antenna calibration system and 

method using array clusters 

CHINA 

GARY G DEEL 

02817974.9 Solar array concentrator system and method

CHINA, SOUTH KOREA 

JAMES FLORENCE 

PAUL KLOCEK 

DAVID H RESTER 

JOHN A TEJADA 

02800216.4 Apparatus for separating and/or combining 

optical signals, and methods of making and 

operating it 

DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANY, 

GREAT BRITAIN, ITALY, NETHERLANDS, 

SINGAPORE, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN 

STEPHEN R KERNER 

CLIFTON QUAN 

RAQUEL Z ROKOSKY 

1661207 Embedded RF vertical interconnect for 

flexible conformal antenna 

DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANY 

NETHERLANDS, SPAIN, SWEDEN 

ROBERT C ALLISON 

RON K NAKAHIRA 

JOON PARK 

1560787 Micro electro-mechanical system device 

with piezoelectric thin film actuator 

FINLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, 

ITALY, SPAIN 

MICHAEL Y JIN 

MICHAEL E LAWRENCE 

1410066 System and method for processing squint 

mapped synthetic aperture radar data 

FRANCE 

CHARLES A COCKRUM 

DAVID R RHIGER 

ERIC F SCHULTE 

8905964 Graded layer passivation of group II-VI 

infrared photodetectors 

ARTHUR A ENEIM 

STEPHEN R GIBBS 

ADAM M KENNEDY 

JANINE F LAMBE 

KENNETH L MCALLISTER 

FARHAD I MIRBOD 

MONESH S PATEL 

0101801 Sensor/support system having a 

stabilization structure affixed to a side of a platform 

oppositely disposed from a sensor assembly 

FRANCE, GERMANY 

DAVID I FOREHAND 

BRANDON W PILLANS 

1502273 Micro-electro-mechanical switch, and 

methods of making and using it 

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN 

CHUNGTE W CHEN 

CHENG-CHIH TSAI 

1332612 Radiometry calibration system and method 

for electro-optical sensors 

ALEXANDER A BETIN 

WILLIAM S GRIFFIN 

1371116 Multi-jet impingement cooled slab laser 

pumphead and method 

JAY P CHARTERS 

GERALD L EHLERS 

1459247 Semiconductor article harmonic 

indentification 

MAURICE J HALMOS 

1463960 Dual mode adaptive threshold architecture 

for 3-D ladar FPA 

ALBERT E COSAND 

1522145 Multi-bit delta-sigma analog-to-digital 

converter with error shaping 

ROBERT W BYREN 

DAVID FILGAS 

1556929 Phase conjugate relay mirror apparatus for 

high energy laser system and method 

MARWAN KRUNZ 

PHILLIP I ROSENGARD 

1573975 Method and system for encapsulating 

variable-size packets 

DANIEL P BROWN 

JOHN D ISKER 

MICHAEL L WELLS 

1625073 Fixture for mounting weapons, and 

method of using 

PHILIP C THERIAULT 

1654571 Print through elimination in fiber 

reinforced matrix composite mirrors and method 

of construction 

ANDREW B FACCIANO 

ROBERT T MOORE 

JAMES E PARRY 

JOHN T WHITE 

1685362 Missile with multiple nosecones 

FRANCE, GERMANY, 

GREAT BRITAIN, ITALY 

JOSEPH M CROWDER 

PATRICIA S DUPUIS 

GARY P KINGSTON 

KENNETH S KOMISAREK 

ANGELO M PUZELLA 

1495512 Embedded planar circulator 

KWANG M CHO 

1367409 Focusing SAR images formed by RMA 

with arbitrary orientation 

MARY D ONEILL 

WILLIAM H WELLMAN 

1360450 A system and method for time-to-intercept 

determination 

GERMANY 

GABOR DEVENYI 

10001939 Anti-jam linear leadscrew drive and 

devices utilizing the drive 

ISRAEL 

RODERICK G BERGSTEDT 

LEE A MCMILLAN 

ROBERT D STREETER 

150969 Microelectromechanical micro-relay with 

liquid metal contacts 


RONALD G HEGG 

WILLIAM B KING 

152365 Light-weight head-mounted display 


DAVID F ROCK 

CHENG-CHIH TSAI 

153302 System and method for pumping a slab laser 

KENNETH W BROWN 

DAVID D CROUCH 

WILLIAM E DOLASH 

153348 Transparent metallic millimeter-wave window 

DAVID A ANSLEY 



154714 Apparatus and method to distort an optical 

beam to avoid ionization at an intermediate focus 

STEPHEN H BLACK 

JAMES A FINCH 

ROGER W GRAHAM 

JERRY A WILSON 

RICHARD H WYLES 

155541 IRFPA ROIC with dual TDM reset integrators 

and sub-frame averaging functions per unit cell 


ALVIN F TRAFTON 

156279 System and method for effecting 

high-power beam control with adaptive optics 

in low power beam path 

ADAM M KENNEDY 

WILLIAM A RADFORD 

MICHAEL RAY 

JESSICA K WYLES 

RICHARD H WYLES 

159121 Method and apparatus providing focal 

plane array active thermal control elements 

JAPAN 

MILES E GOFF 

3950853 Microstrip to circular waveguide transition 

with a stripline portion 

ROBERT S ROEDER 

MATTHEW C SMITH 

3951063 Microwave active solid state cold/warm 

noise source 

PHILLIP I ROSENGARD 

3972038 Compressing cell headers for data 

communication 

DAN VARON 

3973905 Air Traffic Control System 

SINGAPORE 

WILLIAM W CHENG 

DON C DEVENDORF 

KENNETH A ESSENWANGER 

ERICK M HIRATA 

LLOYD F LINDER 

CLIFFORD W MEYERS 

105943 Advanced digital antenna module 

ROBERT C ALLISON 

BRIAN M PIERCE 

CLIFTON QUAN 

87387 Multi-bit phase shifters using MEM RF 

switches 

ROBERTO BEREZDIVIN 

ROBERT J BREINIG 

MARK D LEVEDAHL 

CHANDRASHEKAR A RAO 

ALLAN R TOPP 

107346 Dynamic wireless resource utilization 

SINGAPORE, SOUTH KOREA 

KHIEM V CAI 

SAMUEL D KENT III 

LLOYD F LINDER 

113356 Mixed technology MEMS/SIGE BICMOS 

digitizing analog front end with direct RF sampling 

SOUTH KOREA 

THOMAS K DOUGHERTY 

JOHN J DRAB 

KATHLEEN A KEHLE 

699397 Improved electrode for thin film capacitor 

devices 

JERRY R CRIPE 

LE T PHAM 

ANDREW G TOTH 

709645 Radiation hardened visible P-I-N detector 

MICHAEL J DELCHECCOLO 

JOHN M FIRDA 

DELBERT E LIPPERT 

MARK E RUSSELL 

HBARTELD B VANREES 

WALTER G WOODINGTON 

713387 Safe distance algorithm for adaptive cruise 

control (automotive) 

LAWRENCE DALCONZO 

DAVID J DRAPEAU 

RON K NAKAHIRA 

REZA TAYRANI 

719422 Miniature RF stripline linear phase filters 

TAIWAN 

JAMES G SMALL 

1280751 Phased array source of electromagnetic 

radiation 

BRUCE W CHIGNOLA 

GARO K DAKESSIAN 

BORIS S JACOBSON 

DENNIS R KLING 

KEVIN E MARTIN 

EBERHARD P PRAEGER 

WILLIAM E WESOLOWSKI 

I282562 Electrical transformer 

Raytheon’s Intellectual Property is 

valuable. If you become aware of any 

entity that may be using any of 

Raytheon’s patented inventions or would 

like to license our patented inventions, 

please contact your Raytheon IP counsel: 

Leonard A. Alkov (SAS) , Horace St. Julian 

(MS & RTSC) , Robin R. Loporchio (NCS) 

Edward S. Roman (IDS), John J. Snyder (IIS). 


Copyright © 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. 

Approved for public release. Printed in the USA. 

Customer Success Is Our Mission is a trademark of Raytheon Company. 

Raytheon Six Sigma, MathMovesU and NoDoubt are trademarks of Raytheon Company. 

Capability Maturity Model,CMM and CMMI are registered in the U.S. Patent and 

Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.

2007 Issue 3 - Raytheon

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?