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Electronic commerce is a field in which agents can typically prove useful by reducinginformation overload and saving time for users. Autonomy and personalization allow agentsto act efficiently at the stages of product brokering, merchant brokering and negotiation [50].Agents can contact other agents or explore the Web to select relevant products within thescope of interest of the user, then select interesting offers for a given product and possiblydetermine the terms of the transaction.However agents are not limited to the role of the buyer: they can be the seller or anintermediary (mediator, facilitator that maps consumers and producers, information provider)[51]. Thus many business tasks involved in e-commerce can be automated. Among others,examples of agents dedicated to e-commerce are MIT Media Lab’s Firefly and Kasbah [52].2.3.4 Industrial systems and logisticsCentralized, hierarchically-organized manufacturing planning and control is a model that isoften considered as being too rigid for dealing with today’s dynamically changingenvironments [53]. Instead, more sophisticated systems are needed for more flexibility andfault tolerance. MASs are thus a useful approach thanks to their ability to handle complex,distributed systems. A big number of such systems are referenced in [53].For similar reasons MASs have been applied to logistics, for example air traffic managementor military operations (MokSAF [54]).2.3.5 GamesA big number of different kinds of games involve computer AI. A category that reallyinvolves agents is 3D action “Quake-like” games, in which agents are virtual characters. Suchautonomous characters have well-defined goals, typically seek for enemies to destroy. Theysense their environment through their “range of sight” or by “hearing” noises. Then they reactto such signals, for example they protect the leader if he is in danger. They also takeinitiatives to reach their objective, for instance deciding which path to take to reach the enemybase.2.4 Existing toolsThere exists a big number of tools that aim at facilitating the development of agent-basedsystems. They range from specific programming languages ([55]) and component libraries toagent development frameworks ([56]). Frameworks for building MASs are interesting in thecontext of this project because they do not provide only facilities for building agents but alsoa generic design for agents and a basic implementation, easing rapid prototyping.Besides, this project can involve a big number of agents, which may require to distribute themon several machines for correct performance. Agent platforms provide the infrastructure forallowing agents to interoperate and they sometimes handle distribution. Such platforms arethus interesting. In addition to handling distribution and inter-machine agent communication,MSc EMOOSE Thesis – http://www.emn.fr/EMOOSE 19
they often provide implementation of middleware agents like FIPA’s DF and AMS for agentmanagement. Furthermore, most of agent platforms also provide agent frameworks.Another interesting feature is the compliance of platforms with FIPA specifications. FIPA hasdefined experimental specifications that are to evolve to become a standard. FIPA hasreleased three sets of experimental specifications until now: FIPA 97, FIPA 98 and FIPA2000, the last one making the others obsolete. Specification domains include the abstractarchitecture, agent management, agent message transport system, communication languageand content language.The following software is non-commercial platforms for developing MASs.2.4.1 JADEJADE, the Java Agent DEvelopment Framework [57], was developed by Telecom Italia andthe University of Parma. It requires a Java 2 Runtime Environment and has been tested onmany platforms. The last version, 2.5, was released in February 2002. It complies with FIPA2000 specifications.JADE implements an agent platform and a development framework. The platform can bedistributed over several hosts regardless of the OS. It also supports agent migration andcloning. Agents lifecycle can be controlled via a GUI that also supports debugging.It is a complete, rather mature tool that has been successful. It can be extended with manyadd-ons. For example, JESS allows for the development of rule-based behaviours. It alsosupports the Protégé ontology editor. Furthermore, many research prototypes have been basedon JADE.Lastly, JADE has been integrated with the LEAP project (Lightweight Extensible AgentPlatform) [58]. This project targets mobile enterprises and ensures compatibility with mobileJava environments down to J2ME-CLDC. Thus it aims at providing FIPA-compliant agentson PDAs and mobile phones.2.4.2 FIPA-OSFIPA-OS (FIPA Open Source) is an Open Source implementation of the FIPA standardoriginating from a research lab of Nortel Networks [Networks, #41][Forge, #42]. It providesimplementation for agent platforms and a component-based toolkit for developing domaindependentagents. It is thus intended to enable rapid prototyping. FIPA-OS supports most ofthe recent FIPA experimental including the agent management and communication systems.Since its first release in 1999, it has been continuously improved as a managed Open Sourcecommunity project, leading to more than 10 formal new releases. Upgrades, bug fixes andextensions have been provided. In particular, a version of FIPA-OS aimed at PDAs andmobile phones, µFIPA-OS, has been developed by the University of Helsinki. In addition,useful tutorials are proposed as well as an active newsgroup.MSc EMOOSE Thesis – http://www.emn.fr/EMOOSE 20
Page 1: Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Belgiu
Page 4 and 5: ContentsAbstract 1Acknowledgements
Page 6 and 7: (4) Table UP_SUP (matches User Prof
Page 9 and 10: content providers’ interpretation
Page 11 and 12: - Active profiling consists in aski
Page 13 and 14: 2 Agents2.1 Overview2.1.1 Definitio
Page 15 and 16: (1) each agent has incomplete infor
Page 17 and 18: MASs need an organization for speci
Page 19: However, the usefulness of personal
Page 23 and 24: 2.5 Design2.5.1 The DIMA designIn [
Page 25 and 26: 3 MetadataDuring the earlier invest
Page 27 and 28: This requires some agreement and st
Page 29 and 30: 4 PerspectivesRecommender systems m
Page 31 and 32: way Lego blocks should be assembled
Page 33 and 34: usiness intelligence is generated.
Page 35 and 36: important than memory space optimiz
Page 37 and 38: The graph is then formatted to be v
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4: Implementation1 Implemen
Page 41 and 42: (1) A Name Server (NS) maps every a
Page 43 and 44: the agent terminates, the thread is
Page 45 and 46: 4 Application level4.1 OverviewThe
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 User Agent MakerThis agent has
Page 49 and 50: Thus the profile, node and link cla
Page 51 and 52: BIProviderR : Provide_Business_Inte
Page 53 and 54: to enable users to explicitly speci
Page 55 and 56: ConclusionA “minimalist” approa
Page 57 and 58: Appendix A: Addendum onIndustrial I
Page 59 and 60: Appendix B: SQL Tables Design1 Tabl
Page 61 and 62: Appendix C: Conference PaperA paper
Page 63 and 64: very large repositories of learning
Page 65 and 66: popularity of the link (the bigger
Page 67 and 68: Appendix D: Source Code1 Agent infr
Page 69 and 70: public static bool ProcessIsMainHos
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string path = MakePath(".", Middlew
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System.Messaging.MessageQueue queue
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public static NameServer GetNS(){if
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}}}table[agentId] = address;}}/// /
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****** NON-STATIC PART ******// Tab
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}}}return (AgentId) first;using Sys
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{}return Subject.GetHashCode() + Na
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name in order to allow for the retr
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}// Start agent's main Thread.Threa
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}DirectoryFacilitator.GetDF().Unreg
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{/// /// Allows for specific conver
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}Monitor.Exit(aLock);public overrid
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Allows for synchronized Message exc
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esource./// /// public string GetMa
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}}private void RunTerminationExamin
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}private Message RequestUACreation(
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}msgQueue.AddFilters(new MessageCat
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Message received: interrupt preterm
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19. Class Architecture.DBManagerAg
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}}connection.Close();/// /// For sa
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using System.Collections;namespace
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namespace Architecture.Profiles{usi
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private UP(DataRow row) : this(newU
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}DataRow[] rows = Row.GetChildRows(
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}adapter.Update(Data);//***********
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internal static readonly string LAS
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}}Row[OCCURRENCES] = Occurrences +
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}get{}return Data.Rows.Find(_name);
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private static SqlDataAdapter adapt
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}foreach (ILink link in links){if (
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}}}private DataRow Row{get{return D
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18. N. Good, et al. Combining colla
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49. D. Derbyshire, et al., Agent-Ba
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83. Council for Higher Education Ac
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