Edgeworth Renewal Corridor Project - Lake Macquarie City Council

Table 1: Soil characteristics..................................................................................................... 16Table 2: Acid Sulfate Soil – Classes of Land .......................................................................... 18Table 3 - Conversion of Land Use Zones - Draft LEP 2013.................................................... 26Table 4: Age Profile ................................................................................................................. 45Table 5: Family Composition ................................................................................................... 45Table 6: Dwelling Composition................................................................................................ 47Table 7: Dwelling tenure.......................................................................................................... 48Table 8: Household income..................................................................................................... 49Table 9: Highest Level of Schooling........................................................................................ 51Table 10: Household motor vehicle ownership ....................................................................... 53Table 11: Estimated employment in “employment” zones ...................................................... 57Table 12: Estimated Residential Capacity – Draft LEP 2013 Zones...................................... 67Table 13: Estimated Commercial and Industrial Capacity – Current Zones ........................... 68Table 14: Projected Urban Development in and around the Corridor..................................... 70Table 15: Estimated Residential Capacity............................................................................... 79Table 16: Summary of Land Use Evaluation Matrix................................................................ 80Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 5 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Executive SummaryEdgeworth Renewal Corridor is the western section of one of five corridors identified inthe Lower Hunter Regional Strategy and was also identified in the Newcastle – LakeMacquarie Western corridor Planning Strategy. According to the Lower Hunter RegionalStrategy, a renewal corridor is a place that provides “opportunities for economic renewaland /or housing renewal and intensification” and which links “strategic centres situatedalong strategic transport routes”.The Edgeworth Corridor is positioned on a principal access route to the F3 and LinkRoad. It also connects the emerging regional centre of Glendale to the major fringeurban growth areas in the north west of the Lake Macquarie Local Government Area(LGA).This Review recognises the importance of the dual roles of this Corridor, as an urbanplace with various land uses and needs, and as a main road corridor that connects majordestinations in the Region and beyond. The Review aims to recommend a strategy thatwill assist in meeting future needs arising from the dual role of the Corridor.A major consideration throughout this process is ensuring that the Corridor offers a highquality of life for those living and working there.The Review:• Documents the investigations undertaken to determine the land use needs of thearea• Provides an analysis of the issues involved in meeting likely future land use needs(e.g. housing, employment, commercial etc) and infrastructure requirements andoptions to address these• Identifies significant sites, opportunities and constraints of the Corridor, and• Recommends a strategy for enabling the growth of the Corridor in a way thatrecognises its dual role• Recommends a strategy to facilitate the future desired character of the Precinctscomprising the Corridor.The Land Use Review is a companion document to the Edgeworth Transport Study, andthese documents will in turn inform the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor Report. TheReview uses a combination of population and demographic information, along with thedata collected during field investigations and a SWOT analysis to propose strategic landuse options.The predominant land use on Main Road remains residential despite the gradual loss ofamenity due to higher traffic volumes and the associated noise levels. The nature ofresidential development is largely single storey detached housing with scattered mediumdensity dwellings in the form of duplex, villa and townhouse development.The increasing traffic along the Corridor is a potential barrier to connectivity between thecommunities located either side of the Corridor, and the resultant increase in noise andpollution levels generated by traffic will reduce the attractiveness of increased residentialdensities along Main Road. The opportunities for future land use options are outlined inSection 0 of this Review and will be investigated further in the Transport Study andStakeholders Report.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 6 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

1.2 ObjectivesThe Land Use Review documents and analyses the main issues affecting the futuredevelopment of the Study Area.The Review:• Documents the investigations undertaken to determine the land uses of the area;• Provides an analysis of the issues involved in meeting likely future land use needs(e.g. housing, employment, commercial etc), and the available options;• Identifies significant sites, opportunities and constraints of the Corridor;• Recommends a strategy for enabling the growth of the Study Area in a way thatrecognises the dual role of the Corridor (living and working community, andtransport corridor), and• Recommends a strategy to facilitate the future desired character of the Precinctscomprising the Corridor.1.3 Approach for the ReviewThis Review draws from a range of existing data, studies, resource material and severalsite inspections of the Study Area. Documented information has been mapped whererelevant. Appendix 1 lists the relevant studies reviewed. A number of these studies wereundertaken in support of a specific rezoning or development proposal, and consequentlyrequired interpretation and integration with other studies because of their focus on aspecific site.Discussions were held with Council officers from a number of professional areas toidentify available information and to assist in “ground truthing” data and strategies as theywere developed. Much of the information available does not specifically relate to theRenewal Corridor area but to parts of the Study Area and/or the surrounding lands.Consequently, information was interpreted, analysed, and integrated to provide aconsistent Corridor wide approach.1.4 Consultation ProcessThe Review has drawn together and analysed available information and fieldinvestigation to prepare this document. Several of the studies used for base information,such as Lake Macquarie Lifestyle 2020 and the Glendale Regional Centre Master Plan,included public consultation in their preparation.The Review involved consultation with relevant Council staff, including Council DeveloperContributions officers, transport engineers, and strategic planners.The Review will be placed on public exhibition for community comment as one of thesuite of documents comprising the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor Project Report.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 8 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

1.5 Report StructureThe Report structure is as follows:Context provides background information on the Edgeworth CorridorLand Use and Character of the Corridor provides information about the area’s socialeconomic and environmental characteristics as well as the nature of its constituentprecincts, and identifies the significant sites such as land mark locations, catalyst sitesetc within the Corridor.Land Use Analysis assesses the ability of the land to meet the likely future land useneeds. This includes consideration of the options to address projected needs.SWOT Analysis discusses options for addressing identified needs and ways ofimproving the land use planning for the CorridorRecommended Strategy describes the recommended actions arising from this ReportDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 9 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

2 ContextThe context and role of the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor are important fundamentalaspects to guide the strategic planning for the land use and the transport network. Thissection looks at the location of the Corridor, its history and the physical attributes andconstraints of the Study Area.2.1 Location of the Edgeworth Renewal CorridorThe Edgeworth Renewal Corridor is in the north of the Lake Macquarie area, fivekilometres west of Cardiff. It runs in an east west direction along Main Road (MR 128)between Lake Road (MR133) and Northville Drive, and flanks either side of Main Roadfor a variable distance of approximately several hundred metres to the north and south. Itis the western section of the Renewal Corridor that extends along Main Road from Cardiffto Northville Drive, as defined in the Lower Hunter Regional Strategy.Figure 1: Location of the Glendale Renewal CorridorDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 10 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 2: Local context of the Glendale Renewal CorridorDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 11 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

To the east of the Corridor lies the existing urban area of Glendale, including theGlendale Regional Centre, and beyond that, Cardiff. To the south generally lie theriparian areas of Brush and Cockle Creeks. To the west lies the urban areas of Barnsleyand West Wallsend and the rapidly developing urban fringe area of Cameron Park. Tothe north lies a narrow strip of suburban development and beyond that land that issubject to either investigation or rezoning for urban development. Figure 1 shows thelocation of the Corridor relative to Lake Macquarie, Newcastle, Charlestown, Glendale,and other major centres.Figure 2 shows the Corridor in relation to the Glendale Regional Centre, Lake Road,Main Road, Glendale TAFE and Winding Creek.2.2 Historic Context of the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor2.2.1 Indigenous HeritageThe Corridor is within the traditional country of the Awabakal people. The LakeMacquarie Aboriginal Heritage Management Strategy identified that low lying and riparianareas, Brush Creek and Winding Creek in particular, could contain areas of indigenousarchaeological and cultural sensitivity.Council’s Local Environmental Plan lists no known Aboriginal Heritage items forprotection in the Corridor. However, early studies along Winding Creek found Aboriginalmiddens and artefacts, and accordingly, development in the area needs to be managedcautiously. Based on existing knowledge indigenous heritage of the area is unlikely tosignificantly impact on the development potential of the Corridor.2.2.2 European HeritageEdgeworth was called Cocked Hat Creek from the 1870's to the mid 1880's. By 1885 itwas referred to as Young Wallsend. In December 1960 it was named Edgeworth afterWilliam Tannatt Edgeworth David the geologist who pioneered geological surveying ofthe Hunter Valley coal seams in the late 1880’s.The Young Wallsend Colliery began producing in the 1890's but the town did not growbeyond a line of scattered homes along five kilometres or so of dusty road until the postwar years. The area showed early promise and large tracts of land were subdivided,sold, with homes built; prosperity and confidence faded when the mine worked onlyintermittently, and finally closed.The Young Wallsend Colliery Company owned 950 ha near the intersection of MinmiRoad. Although they sank shafts over 160 m deep in 1887-8, the colliery closed in 1915due to technical difficulties with gas, flooding and the seam itself. The shopping centre isnow located on what was part of Portion 91, owned by the Young Wallsend Coal Co.A post office opened early 1891 as “Young Wallsend”. The then Young Wallsend was onthe passenger steam tram route between Wallsend and West Wallsend until it ceasedoperation in 1930. A cycleway now exists on part of this route. Near what is nowFrederick Street this route intersected with the steam tram route to Speers Point. Aprivate coal railway line ran from Young Wallsend mine to join the Great NorthernRailway near the Glendale railway workshops and operated between 1889 and 1917.The intersection of Main Road and Lake Road known as the “Crossroads” has been afocus for the area since early European settlement. When horses were the main form oftransport, there was a large horse trough in the middle of the Crossroads in recognition ofits importance as a transport junction and “landmark” for the community. This continuedwith a rotunda used as a bus interchange in this location also being an important featureof the Crossroads from 1932 until 1969. Similarly, a wine bar was built in 1911 whichwas demolished at the same time as the rotunda, to make way for road widening.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 12 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Early land grants and subdivisions began in the late 1800’s when the town was still“Young Wallsend”. This began on the land to the east of the intersection of Main andMinmi Roads and to the south of Main Road. Street names of Fletcher (the Miners’Union leader), Croudace and Turnbull (mine managers) express the strong links with thecoal industry. These roads form a relatively well connected rectilinear grid pattern ,unlike the more disconnected recent subdivision pattern evident to the north of MainRoad that includes cul-de-sacs. The Teralba Parish Map of 1950 at Figure 3 belowshows early subdivision patterns forming the more regular block patterns in clusters tothe east and west of the current Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre.Figure 3: Parish of Teralba 1950– Map shows early subdivisions and portionsSource: Land Titles Office website 2012)The Hawkins Masonic Aged Persons Village is a well known landmark located to thewest of the Corridor on Northville Drive. It commenced operations in 1972. It is a majorlocal employer and community service. It was built on land donated by well known localbusinessman Mr. Hawkins by the Freemasons Benevolent Institution, with assistancefrom the then Department of Social Services. It includes a 131 high and low care bedsand 215 independent living units, as well as associated facilities.The Corridor has evolved over a number of decades. Slow growth of the area is evidentin the number of homes built in the first half of the 20 th century.1911- 58 homes and 268 persons1921- 81 homes and 384 persons1933- 111 homes and 461 persons1947- 153 homes and 557 personsSmall pockets of urban settlement developed along the Corridor during the early part oflast century. Over time, these settlements coalesced to form a continuous urban area.Initially urban development was almost exclusively residential, and over time, residentialdevelopment has been displaced by commercial uses in select locations, particularly atmajor road intersections. Lake Macquarie Local Environmental Plan 2004 (LMLEP 2004)lists no European Heritage items occurring in the Corridor; similarly, the Draft LakeDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 13 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Macquarie Local Environmental Plan 2013 (Draft LMLEP 2013) lists no items in this area.There is a notable attachment to the “Crossroads” as a local place.2.3 TopographyThe Corridor is mainly flat and low lying with some gentle undulations at the western end(towards Northville Drive) and north of Main Road. Lower lying land located along thecreeks is generally used for a mix of passive and active recreation, environmentalprotection, drainage and detention of water and water quality management.The gently undulating terrain forms part of the lower end of the Cockle Creek Catchment,and includes the watercourses of Brush Creek, Cocked Hat Creek, and Cockle Creek.Variations in the elevation of Main Road above sea level are gradual along its length withslightly greater undulations at the western end of the Corridor. The Crossroads is at theeastern end of the Corridor, where Main Road intersects Lake Road. From theCrossroads, Lake Road rises steeply to the north towards Newcastle, similarly MinmiRoad rises to the north. There is higher land in the form of a ridge system generally tothe northeast of the Corridor.The slope of the Corridor is not anticipated to have a significant limiting impact on futuredevelopment.Figure 4: Slopes in the Edgeworth AreaDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 14 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 5: Elevations for the Edgeworth Area2.4 Hydrology and DrainageThe Corridor drains into Lake Macquarie via Cockle Creek. Brush Creek and Cocked HatCreek flow north-south across the Study Area to join, then form a confluence with CockleCreek south of the Study area. Parts of the Corridor, particularly to the south, areaffected by inundation and flood, because of its lower lying nature.Main Road is generally lined with kerb and gutter. A significant increase of hard surfacesover time has led to creeks and natural drainage channels having extensive scouring andreduced water quality partly due to the presence of highly erodible soils. Futuredevelopment of the Corridor is anticipated to result in more hard surfaces and morestructured stormwater management.2.4.1 FloodingFlooding affects localised areas along the watercourses, and larger areas to the south ofMain Road. Figure 6 below, shows the extent of the Flood Planning Area, which is landaffected by the 1 in 100 year flood extent in 2100, plus 0.5 m freeboard. It also includesareas historically recorded as flood affected but where no flood study is available. Forsuch lands, the mapping follows cadastre rather than contours until more detailedinformation is available.Flood affected areas follow Cocked Hat Creek and Brush Creek as they run north souththrough the Corridor to join Cockle Creek which flows further south and into LakeMacquarie. Winding Creek flows into Brush Creek at the eastern end of the Corridor.There is likely to be more detailed flooding information available with the finalisation ofthe Winding Creek Flood Study. This study includes the Brush Creek sub catchment,and will be finalised later 2012.Flooding levels are anticipated to affect the future development of the area within the inthe Flood Planning Area shown in Figure 6 above. This is generally in the south of theCorridor and along the watercourses of Cocked Hat Creek, Brush Creek, and CockleCreek. More intensive development in these areas would need to consider the level offlood risk.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 15 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 6: Flood Planning Area for Edgeworth2.5 Geology and SoilsThe Corridor has three soil landscapes, Warners Bay (Wa) residual landscapes, CockleCreek (CC) alluvial landscapes, and Killingworth (Ki) hilly landscapes, whosecharacteristics are shown in Table 1.Main Road generally follows the boundary between the Cockle Creek soil landscape andthe Warners Bay soil landscapes. The CC soils are south of Main Road from theCrossroads to Cocked Hat Creek including the Neighbourhood Centre and the playingfields to the south of the town Neighbourhood Centre. The Wa soils occur on thenorthern side of Main Road roughly from Brush Creek west to Cocked Hat Creek, furtherwest of here the Wa soils occur on both sides of the road. Killingworth soil landscapesoccur on the northern side of Main Road from Brush Creek east to the Crossroads (andbeyond).Table 1: Soil characteristicsSoil LandscapeLimitationsKi - Killingworth(Hilly Landscapes)Wa – Warners Bay(ResidualLandscapes)CC – Cockle Creek(Alluvial Landscapes)ErosionLow Foundation HazardSteep slopes (localised)ErosionModerate to High Foundation HazardSteep slopes (localised)ErosionHigh Foundation HazardGenerally flood liable landUnderground coal mining undertaken in the area for many decades has left a legacy ofpotential geological instability which may limit intensive development in certain locations.Further details can be found in the Section 2.5.2 on Mine Subsidence.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 16 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

In the Corridor to the north of Main Road, soil stability is not anticipated to be a significantlimiting factor for development. The Warners Bay soils have a moderate to highfoundation hazard that requires precautions to be taken but is not considered to belimiting. South of Main Road, the Cockle Creek soils are considered hazardous partlybecause they are generally located within the flood-affected areas. However, as theseareas are affected by flood, they would generally not be considered appropriate toaccommodate future residential growth.2.5.1 ContaminationPast land uses include industrial uses, sanitation depots, petrol stations, farming, coalmining, tram and rail lines, road, and rail building depots and other workshops that mayhave left some sites contaminated. The Caltex Service Station at 662 Main Rd is on thelist of contaminated sites notified to the Environment Protection Authority (EPA).Future development in these areas will need to be assessed on a site by site basis,using Councils Policy for Managing Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Land inLake Macquarie, and the requirements of State Environmental Planning Policy 55 –Remediation of Land. Pending on the nature of the previous land use a PreliminaryContamination Assessment will need to be undertaken to ascertain whether remediationis required.2.5.2 Mine SubsidenceThe Corridor is within the Lake Macquarie Mine Subsidence District and pastunderground coal mining has left some areas of geological instability and developmentlimitations. The Mine Subsidence Board must approve of new buildings in the area.The potential for mine subsidence in the area affects the development capacity for theCorridor. Information and advice from the Mine Subsidence Board informs the followingdescription of mine subsidence constraints (note: any specific proposals should be basedon specific enquiries and not this generalised information).The corner sites at the intersection of Lake Road and Main Road – the Crossroads, havebeen undermined by miniwall panels with varying tilt and strain implications, shouldsubsidence occur. Detailed geotechnical assessment is required for any development ofsmall footprint structures of more than 2-3 storeys.Along Main Road west of the Crossroads, 3- 4 storey development may be possible inareas outside the 35° angle of draw from the mine workings as these areas are not withinthe zone of influence of mining.There is an area containing main underground mine roadways on the Corridor closer tothe Edgeworth Town Neighbourhood Centre. This may have implications for whethermedium density residential development of 3-4 storeys is possible in this area andwould thus be subject to geotechnical assessment.The remaining areas are generally within the zone of influence of partial pillarextraction, miniwall extraction and minimum sized pillars. These areas require detailedgeotechnical investigation. Three to four storey medium residential structures wouldnot be considered in areas where there was a risk of future mine subsidence, unlessthe structure is designed so as not to be damaged will should such an event occur.Figure 7: Mine SubsidenceFigure yet to be supplied by MSB and insertedDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 17 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Mine subsidence is likely to be limiting to some degree along much of the Corridor.Future development at the “Crossroads” will require geotechnical assessment forbuildings higher than 2-3 storeys. Due to the high visibility of this intersection, theGlendale Master Plan recommends up to five storeys on these corners.Other areas along the corridor affected by mine subsidence will require geotechnicalassessment depending on the scale of development.2.5.3 Acid Sulfate SoilsThe potential for the occurrence of acid sulfate soils (PASS) is shown in Figure 8. Theprobability of acid sulfate soils occurring is higher closer to watercourses, and the mostseverely affected areas in this Corridor (Class 2) are affected by flood. The classes ofacid sulphate soils are shown in Table 2.Under the provisions of the LMLEP 2004, particular care is necessary for developmentsouth of Main Road, as there are extensive areas affected by Class 2 PASS. For theseareas, precautions need to be taken for works below natural ground surface or which thewatertable is likely to be lowered.Class 2 PASS are located just east of the intersection of Impala Street and Main Road(near McDonalds), connecting with the sporting fields south of Main Road. Class 3 soilsare worth noting just south of and along Main Road generally from the Crossroads to justbeyond the Neighbourhood Centre Precinct. Provided precautions are taken, acid sulfatesoils are unlikely to significantly limit development intensity in the area.Figure 8: Map of Potential Acid Sulfate SoilsTable 2: Acid Sulfate Soil – Classes of LandClass of landWorks1 Any works.2 Works below the natural ground surface.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 18 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Works by which the watertable is likely to be lowered.3 Works beyond 1 metre below the natural ground surface.Works by which the watertable is likely to be lowered beyond 1 metrebelow natural ground surface.4 Works beyond 2 metres below the natural ground surface.Works by which the watertable is likely to be lowered beyond 2 metresbelow natural ground surface.5 Works within 500 metres of adjacent Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 lands that arelikely to lower the watertable below 1 metre AHD on adjacent Class 1,2, 3 or 4 lands.2.6 Vegetation and Scenic QualityThe natural environment is one of the key influencing factors on the urban structure of aneighbourhood, and the remnant vegetation and views are important elements shapingthe identify of that place. The Corridor includes areas of remnant vegetation and openspace. Although this area is generally flat with limited opportunities for view corridors,there are some areas of existing or potential scenic quality.2.6.1 Native Vegetation and CorridorsThe Lake Macquarie Flora and Fauna Survey Guidelines 2001 and associated NativeVegetation and Corridors Map, (Figure 9), identify a number of areas of native vegetationwithin the Corridor. The northern side of Cocked Hat Creek is identified as a rehabilitationcorridor, defined as partly cleared native vegetation with wildlife crossing points that couldbe rehabilitated to enhance fauna movement.Figure 9: Native Vegetation and Corridors MapThroughout the corridor are a number of areas of remnant native vegetation, some ofwhich are partially cleared. This occurs generally on the land zoned 6(1) Open Space(LMLEP 2004) or RE1 Public Recreation (Draft LMLEP 2013). The 2001 Guidelinerecognises environmental attributes in this area. There may be a need to:• Retain and protect remnant vegetation on site e.g. control access, prevent rubbishdumping, prevent weed invasion.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 19 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• Regenerate native vegetation. Where there is site resilience and native vegetationremains but is degraded, regeneration should be the main goal eg remove andsuppress weeds, remove rubbish, re-stabilise degraded areas.• Revegetate. Where natural processes or assisted regeneration techniques are notappropriate, or where there is no potential, then revegetation is an option eg activelyresurface and replant areas. This is relevant to Cocked Hat Creek on the northernside of Main Road.A number of bird and bat species occur within the Corridor and depending on thelocation; these could be impacted on by future development. Similarly, the corridors fornative vegetation and flora and fauna within the Study Area could limit futuredevelopment. The areas with remnant and partially cleared remnant native vegetationare predominantly in public open space zones and therefore will not effect futuredevelopment potential. Limitations on the total area of land available for futuredevelopment will be affected by decisions on what vegetation should be retained, andwhat areas will be re-vegetated to protect and support the existing flora and faunaspecies and communities in the area.2.6.2 Scenic QualityEdgeworth has a Low Rating for Landscape Setting Units according to Council’s ScenicQuality Guidelines 2004. This considers naturalness, built form and identity, water –presence, extent and character, and the diversity and contrast of Foreshore, Landformand Vegetation. Roadsides and residential urban streetscapes can lack landscapeamenity and/or are unattractive due to the signage and built character. There is littlecontrast or diversity in the landform or vegetation.The Scenic Quality Guideline does not identify any significant features, viewing points orridgelines in the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor. It is identified as having a moderateVisual Accessibility given it is a main route for vehicle movement.The above attributes place the corridor in the Scenic Management Zone C, based on theLandscape Setting Unit rating and the Visual Accessibility level. Zone C has moderate tolow Scenic Quality and Visual Accessibility. These landscape values do not detract fromthe amenity of the City, but nor do they contribute significantly.Future development should consider and enhance the existing desirable character of thearea. Development should maximise opportunities to enhance the streetscape andlandscape setting of the area.The Guidelines aim to improve the landscape by establishing a network of “green” routesand open spaces with a focus on:• Rehabilitating degraded landscapes and,• Screening unsightly development, and streetscapes.• Enhancing the signage and built components in the landscape.2.7 Summation of Land Use ConstraintsThis review provides a high-level assessment of the physical land use attributes andconstraints, without offering a site specific analysis. It aims to record known physical landuse attributes and constraints with a limiting effect on future development. The followingbriefly list the physical attributes areas that may have a limiting factor on futuredevelopment of the area:Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 20 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• Flooding/drainage is evident in the low lying areas along Brush Creek andCocked Hat Creeks• Soils are also unstable in parts particularly on the flatter areas and close to thewater courses; and• Mine subsidence is a land use issue that may limit some development decisions.This is particularly the case for any development over 2-3 storeys. This isparticularly for the Crossroads and Neighbourhood Centre Precincts; and• Native vegetation should be retained and re-vegetated where appropriate, toprotect and support the existing flora and fauna species and communities withinthe corridor, particular attention is necessary near Cocked Hat Creek and muchof the public open space.3 Planning Policy and StrategyThe planning regime and the existing strategic directions influence the current landcapacity and the options available to accommodate future growth options. The followingsections outline the planning regime and strategy likely to affect for future growth anddevelopment.3.1 Regional Strategy3.1.1 Lower Hunter Regional StrategyThe Lower Hunter Regional Strategy (LHRS) provides a regional framework within whichlocal strategic planning is undertaken. The LHRS identifies the Glendale Cardiff RenewalCorridor as a place that provides “opportunities for economic renewal and /or housingrenewal and intensification” and which links “strategic centres and situated alongstrategic transport routes”. The Renewal Corridor nominated by the LHRS extends fromthe western edge of the Cardiff Town Centre to the intersection of Minmi Road andNorthville Drive. The Edgeworth Renewal Corridor Project is concerned with the westernpart of this area, from the Crossroads to the intersection of Minmi Road and NorthvilleDrive.The LHRS emphasises the role of the renewal corridors in providing for "additionaldwellings through the intensification of development and for supporting public transportnetworks linking the larger centres of the Region”. The LHRS advocates that renewalcorridors have “strong public domain and urban design themes to drive the renewal andrevitalisation of centres so that they are vibrant places accepted by communities.”The LHRS provides for a significant area of potential Greenfield urban development tothe north and west of the Corridor, as well as a major mixed use housing andemployment node at the Glendale Regional Centre to the southeast of the Corridor.3.1.2 Newcastle Lake Macquarie Western Corridor Planning StrategyThe Newcastle Lake Macquarie Western Lands Planning Strategy (2010) elaborates onthe broad neighbourhood planning principles outlined in the LHRS. It sets outdevelopment criteria in the form of outcomes and actions to implement those principles.Of particular note for the Land Use Review are the following:• Outcome – Land uses shall be located to minimise land use conflict, createefficient transport and access networks to jobs and activity nodes and providesafe living environments.- Action – Future land use shall be generally in accordance with Map 4 ofthe Strategy – Indicative preferred land uses. This Map is not detailed, itDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 21 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

shows the Corridor as a conceptual area labelled “renewal corridor” andsurrounded by “existing urban land”.• Outcome – Future residential development shall be located and designedconsidering the corridor contains infrastructure and land uses that have thepotential to create odour, noise, and vibration issues.• Outcome – the renewal corridor along Main Road Edgeworth is to be developedto accommodate additional employment opportunities and higher densityresidential development.- Action –Councils shall introduce planning controls that encourage theredevelopment /renewal of this area along Main Road, Edgeworth toPambulong, consistent with the provisions of the LHRS.The use of incentives such as floor space ratios, height increases, and financialmeasures is encouraged by the Strategy. However, it does not provide guidance inrelation to how such incentives would encourage redevelopment when almost all newdevelopment is not reaching the limits imposed by existing controls.The Strategy notes that the Hunter New England Health Service identified furtherexpansion of existing community health facilities at Edgeworth to cater for the additionalpopulation. The Strategy also affirmed that potential greenfield urban development islikely to the north and west of Edgeworth Renewal Corridor.3.2 Local Strategy3.2.1 Lifestyle 2030Lifestyle 2030 (LS2030) provides the long term direction for the future urban and ruralland use pattern for the City of Lake Macquarie, based on achieving the principles ofecological sustainability. Of particular relevance to the Edgeworth Corridor are aims to:• Reinforce and strengthen centres;• Guide the development of urban communities that are compact, distinct, anddiverse with a range of housing types and densities, and• Integrate land use with the efficient provision of public and private movementsystemsThe Strategy also seeks to:• Maximise redevelopment and infill opportunities for medium density housingwithin a 5 and 10 minute walk of Centres and public transport nodes or stops;• Provide active street frontages, especially to Centres that front public places orroads;• Relate proposed land uses to the road on which it is located, to establish asuitable relationship between the two;• Safeguard the capacity and function of the arterial and subarterial roads byavoiding pedestrian-traffic conflicts;• Encouraging the provision of pedestrian paths and cycleways in open spaces tointegrate neighbourhoods rather than by roads, and• Providing dedicated cycleways along arterial, subarterial and collector roads toprovide an alternative and safe means of movement.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 22 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The LS2030 Workshops identified visual improvements for the EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre and Main Road generally and intensification of developmentaround the Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre.3.2.2 Lake Macquarie Local Environmental Plan 2004Lake Macquarie Local Environmental Plan 2004 (LMLEP 2004) allocates land use zonesand a range of development controls and requirements. The land use zoning of theCorridor is shown in Figure 10.The north-western side of the Crossroads intersection is zoned 3(1) Urban Centre (Core),from Lake Road west to Fairleigh Street. Further west the land on the northern side ofMain Road is zoned (2(2) Residential (Urban Living) as far as an area zoned 3(1) UrbanCentre (Core) on the northeast side of the intersection of Main Road and FrederickStreet.The land from the south-western side of the intersection along Main Road is zoned 6(1)Open Space from Lake Road to Frederick Street, with the exception of a strip of 17residential lots zoned 2(2) Residential (Urban Living) extending east along Main Roadfrom Frederick Street. A 2(2) zoning continues on both sides of Main Road until thebridge over Brush Creek just west of Hill Street.On the northern side of the road is an area of 3(2) zoned land east of Impala Street.Further west, the northern side of Main Road is zoned 2(1) Residential until theEdgeworth Neighbourhood. On the southern side of Main Road, land is zoned 2(1) as farwest as Thomas Street.The Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre has a 3(1) zoning. To the south of the Centre isan area zoned 4(2) Industrial (General). To the south and west of the 4(2) zoned land isan extensive area of land zoned 6(1) Open Space.West of the Neighbourhood Centre and west of Park Street on the southern side of MainRoad is a small area of land zoned 3(2). The land further to the west as far as GarthStreet is zoned 2(2) for medium density residential development. This includes only asmall area to the south.There is an area of 2(2) to the north and west of the land zoned 3(1), on the northwesternside of the intersection of Main Road and Minmi Road. Further west, the land iszoned 2(1) on both sides of Minmi Road as far west as Northville Drive.In summary, the land use zones focus more intense development around the Crossroadsand the Frederick Street area in the east, and the intersection of Main Road and MinmiRoad in the west. This recognises the concentration of commercial activity in theseareas, and in the case of the Crossroads its high transport accessibility and proximity tothe Glendale Regional Centre.3.2.3 Proposed zones under the Draft LMLEP 2013Draft LMLEP 2013 is a conversion of LMLEP 2004 to the Department of Planning andInfrastructure standard instrument. The Draft was on public exhibition from September toDecember 2012. The land use zones as proposed by Draft LMLEP 2013 are shown inTable 11Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 23 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 10: Lake Macquarie Local Environmental LMLEP 2004- Land Use zonesDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 24 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 11: Draft LMLEP 2013 Land Use ZonesDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 25 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The aim of the conversion is to provide a “like for like” conversion of the existing zonesunder LMLEP 2004 to the new standard zones and associated development controls,shown in Table 3 . The conversion of land use zones in the Corridor to the new standardzones is relatively straightforward. The process of converting every property to the newstandard zones is complex and where direct conversion is not possible there arealternative standard zones that could be applied, such as shown in Table 3 for Edgeworth.Determining whether the land use conversion is the most appropriate in some instancesrequires consideration of the permissible land uses in each alternative zone to assesswhether those uses support the desired character for the precinct and function of theCorridor.The alternative zones would be most relevant for the industrial land at Superior Avenue.This land is proposed to be zoned IN2 – Light Industrial Zone. However, it couldconceivably be zoned to the B7 Business Park Zone. The B7 zone allows offices andlight industry generally. Other permissible uses in this zone are bulky goods premises,child care centres; filming; garden centres; hardware/ building supplies; industrial trainingfacilities; neighbourhood shops; passenger transport facilities; plant nurseries; warehouse/ distribution centres etc The B7 zone may be an appropriate alternative conversion,depending on the desired character of this precinct That is the type of industry andbusiness envisaged for the area needs to be supported by the land uses permissible forthat zone. This is discussed further in the section on the precinct character.Table 3 - Conversion of Land Use Zones - Draft LMLEP 2013Location LMLEP 2004 Draft LMLEP 2013 Alternative - DraftLMLEP 2013Crossroads3(1) Urban Centre (Core)B4 Mixed UseB4 Mixed Use-IN2 Light Industrial4(2) Industrial GeneralFrederick Street 3(1) Urban Centre (Core) B4 Mixed Use -Impala Street 3(2) Urban Centre (Support) B4 Mixed Use B2Neighbourhood 3(1) Urban Centre (Core) B1 NeighbourhoodCentrePark Street 3(2) Urban Centre (Support) B1 NeighbourhoodCentreB2 Local CentreB4Superior Ave. 4(2) Industrial (General) IN2 Light Industrial B7The north-western side of the Crossroads intersection is proposed to be zoned B4 MixedUse, from Lake Road west to Fairleigh Street. Further west the land on the northern sideof Main Road is proposed to be zoned R3 Medium Density Residential as far as an areazoned B4 Mixed Use on the northeast side of the intersection of Main Road andFrederick Street.The land from the south-western side of the intersection along Main Road is to be zonedRE1 Public Recreation from Lake Road to Frederick Street with the exception of a strip of17 residential lots zoned R3 Medium Density Residential, extending east along MainRoad from Frederick Street.The R3 zone continues on both sides of Main Road until the bridge over creek just westof Hill Street.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 26 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

On the northern side of the road is an area of B4 zoned land east of Impala Street.Further west, the northern side of Main Road is zoned R2 Low Density Residential untilthe Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre.On the southern side of Main Road land is zoned R2 as far west as Thomas Street.The Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre has a B1 Neighbourhood Centre zoning thatextends east, west and along Main Road and north along Minmi Road from theintersection of these roads.South of Arnott Street, and adjacent to the Corridor Centre is an area zoned IN2 LightIndustrial. To the south and west of the IN2 zoned area is an extensive area of landzoned RE1 Public Recreation.To the west of Park Street on the southern side of Main Road is a small area of land alsothat adjoins the land zoned B1, with land zoned R3 further to the west as far as GarthStreet and a small area to the south. An area of R3 land is also present to the north andwest of the land zoned B1, on the north-western side of the intersection of Main Roadand Minmi Road.Further west, the land is zoned R2 on both sides of Main Road as far west as NorthvilleDrive.3.2.4 Lake Macquarie Development Control Plan No1.Lake Macquarie Development Control Plan No.1 (DCP No. 1) provides more detaileddevelopment controls and guidelines to complement those of the LMLEP 2004. Nospecific provisions apply to the Edgeworth Corridor. The controls that apply across theLGA to relevant zones and land use types are applicable to the Corridor. Whereappropriate Council develops locality specific Town Centre DCPs across the LGA, andspecific controls are intended for Glendale and Edgeworth.3.2.5 Glendale Regional Centre Master PlanThe Glendale Regional Centre Master Plan provides broad direction to guide thedevelopment of Glendale as a Regional Centre, as identified in the LHRS. As a RegionalCentre, Glendale will be the major concentration of retail, services, and employment forthe surrounding area, including the Edgeworth Corridor.The Master Plan applies to a large area of land, including the Glendale shopping centreand it stretches along the Lake Road and Main Road Corridors. For practical purposesthe area has been divided into various precincts, two of which fall within the boundariesof the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor. Those Precincts are Precinct 3 – The Crossroadsand Precinct 1.1 - Main Road West. See Figure 12 below.The Master Plan recognises Main Road west of the Crossroads as a major publictransport corridor to the expanding northwest suburbs of Lake Macquarie. TheCrossroads has significant “landmark” properties, providing a gateway to Glendale.Connectivity is a theme of the master plan, especially in the movements of publictransport, pedestrians, and cyclists. Further connectivity through an open space systemis advocated to connect nearby destinations such as to the Edgeworth Sporting Complex.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 27 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 12: Precincts Outlined in the Glendale Regional Centre Master PlanThe proposed Lake Macquarie Transport Interchange (bus/rail) is an important facilitythat will have a major influence on the quality of public transport services to the Corridor.The Master Plan aims to achieve efficient access and movement systems while reducingthe impact of through traffic. The Master Plan identified critical improvements to the westacross Lake Road for pedestrians and cyclists to improve pedestrian and cyclist accessto the Corridor.3.2.6 Glendale Corridors Landscape and Urban Design GuidelinesThe Glendale Corridors Guidelines were produced for LMCC to provide a framework forurban design and public domain improvements along the Lake Road and Main RoadCorridors. It aims to address the entry to the Glendale Regional Centre. Main RoadEdgeworth was included in the Study Area as far west as the Edgeworth NeighbourhoodCentre. The following were identified as important issues:• There is limited scope to improve the aesthetic appeal of Main Road due to thepublic utilities above and below the footpaths;• Restricted footpath and median widths limits opportunities for plantings;• East of Frederick Street there appears to be greater potential for footpath plantingsdue of the wider road verge, and higher priority for median plantings;• The Crossroads is a significant nodal point in the road network and there is a needfor “landmark buildings” to define this intersection;• The Crossroads needs improved pedestrian crossing arrangements and improvedconnectivity; and• The intersection of Main Road and Frederick Street provides an opportunity toachieve a “western gateway” to the Glendale Regional Centre with new cornerbuildings to address the street.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 28 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

4 Edgeworth Corridor - Character PrecinctsThis Section provides an analysis of the precincts that comprise the Edgeworth Corridor.The elements assessed include the grouping of buildings and settings, streets, parks,shops, natural areas, community buildings, and notable landmarks.The predominant land use on Main Road remains residential despite the gradual loss ofamenity due to increased traffic volumes and associated increase in noise levels. Thenature of residential development is largely single storey detached housing with scatteredmedium density dwellings in the form of duplex, villa and townhouse development.The likely increase in noise and pollution levels emitted by increasing traffic along MainRoad is a potential barrier to the communities located along Main Road and to anydensification of residential development. This issue, and the opportunities for future landuse planning are outlined in Section 9 of this Review and are discussed in further detail inthe Transport Study and Stakeholders Report.Figure 13: Edgeworth Character PrecinctsThe analysis identified the following precinct/character areas:• The Crossroads• Education• Frederick Street Commercial• Main Road Corridor West - Residential• Neighbourhood CentreThe aim of this Section is to describe the precinct character and attributes and to identifyany sites that may require precinct and/or site specific guidance for future development.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 29 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

4.1 The Crossroads Precinct 3.0The Crossroads precinct centres on the intersection of the two main roads of this area,Lake Road and Main Road (the road Edgeworth Corridor runs along), as shown in Figure14. This intersection has been a focus for the area since early European settlement.The Crossroads has an open appearance due to a combination of the low intensity ofdevelopment on the north-eastern, south-eastern, and south-western corners combinedwith the relatively flat topography in the vicinity. This belies its importance as the focus ofa number of important transport routes.Each of the corners of the Crossroads has a different character. The northeast corner isvacant awaiting likely development of medium density public housing. The northwestcorner is commercial development built to a variety of setbacks, although the majority areto the property boundary. This corner is characterised by both smaller and larger lots.However, the smaller lots are being progressively amalgamated, and this will permitgreater development flexibility. Access to the commercial centre is constrained by thestormwater channel and residential development to the north/ northwest.The small commercial centre consists of a series of separate shops built to the frontproperty boundary in a “main street” format facing Lake and Main Roads. The shopsgenerally appear to service a local market and passing trade from beyond the local area(e.g. takeaway food).Figure 14 The Crossroads PrecinctFigure 15: The Crossroads in Early Years - Edgeworth Corridor (East)Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 30 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The south eastern corner is occupied by a car yard, adjoining to the east, vacant landowned by the State Government. On the south western corner is William Bower oval,named after Bill Bower, including playing fields, a car parking area and scatteredvegetation.Recent development has included an Allied Health Centre with current approvals for 18General Practice consulting rooms, seven physiotherapy-consulting rooms and apharmacy of 200m 2 . There is also a Boating Fishing and Camping Retail establishmentwith retail floor space of approximately 800m 2 with an additional 160m 2 of warehouse andoffice space.Figure 16 The Crossroads - Intersection of Lake and Main RoadsGenerally, this area has little streetscape enhancement and only basic facilities. There islittle to no street planting or street furniture in the road reserve. This corner is a wellknown,recognisable place, but is busy and noisy due to high vehicular use. It would bedifficult to create a pleasant public place here. Lake Road has no street planting withinthe road reserve, although some is provided adjacent on private property.4.1.1 Crossroads Precinct AttributesAttributes of the Crossroads Precinct are:• This intersection handles high volumes of traffic with varying turning movementsand therefore has high visibility and value as a landmark;• Main and Lake Roads are wide busy roads with little street planting or furniture;• There is little sense of activity or focus because of the low intensity (or absence) ofdevelopment on the corners of the Crossroads;Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 31 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• The current development does not define this urban space as a significant entrypoint to Edgeworth and to the Glendale Regional Centre – this is lost in the busytraffic, the built form, the traffic signals and the directional signage;• Each corner has a different land use, contributing to an ambiguous identity, and• The large trees and remnant bushland on the southern side of Main Road give arural/outer urban feel to the place.Figure 17: The Streetscape at the Crossroads - Lake and Main Roads4.1.2 Significant Sites – CrossroadsThe Crossroads has potential to develop its role as an identifiable “node” in the transportsystem. The built form and streetscape could provide a gateway to both the Corridor andthe Glendale Regional Centre. However, existing development falls short of achievingthis outcome. The four corner sites of the Lake Road Main Road intersection aresignificant sites of the Crossroads Precinct. They are:• NW corner as a landmark building site for a mixed use development;• NE corner as a landmark building site for a residential development (mixed use?);• SE corner as a landmark mixed use and /or commercial development, and• SW corner as a landmark building to support the sporting fields or consider a zonechange.4.1.3 Crossroads Precinct OpportunitiesThe opportunities for this precinct include the following:• Entry statement as a gateway to Glendale;• Landmark buildings due to the prominence of this corner;• Improved signage and streetscape to reduce clutter, and• The recent development of a medical centre and approval of an outdoorrecreational goods store will help revitalise the area.4.2 Education Precinct 3.1The Education Precinct is at the eastern end of the Corridor, on its outer northern edge.This precinct is characterised by large buildings, set back a long way from frontboundaries. Large spaces between individual buildings are generally used for carparking, drainage, and lawn areas. This precinct rises in gentle north eastern slopes, justnorth of the Crossroads, as shown in Figure 18.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 32 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The cluster of education related land uses includes the Hunter Institute of Technical andFurther Education (TAFE) – Glendale Campus, Glendale Technology High School, theHoly Cross Catholic Primary School, and child care centre, and nearby are the MacquarieCollege (north) and the Hunter Regional Sports Centre (southeast of the other facilities).The education related land uses are a major employer and destination for people fromwithin and outside the Corridor. The Precinct generates and attracts considerablevehicular and pedestrian traffic with distinct morning and afternoon peaks. In addition, thePrecinct is located on the Glendale-Wallsend regional cycleway that also provides arelatively direct connection to Newcastle University.Figure 18 Education Precinct 3.14.2.1 Education Precinct AttributesAttributes for the Education Precinct are:• Unclear and poorly defined connections between the Education Precinct, theGlendale Regional Centre and the other precincts including poor signage,pedestrian and cycling links, and• Large buildings, set back a long way from front boundaries within grassed areasare the predominant built form. There is little relationship or engagement of thebuildings with each other or the surrounding buildings.4.2.2 Significant Sites – Education PrecinctNo significant sites were identified as needing site-specific development controls in thisprecinct.4.2.3 Education Precinct OpportunitiesThere is scope to further develop educational institutions in the area. The TAFE site hasconsiderable undeveloped land. It is also very important to provide better links (whetherthis is by signposting and/or by improved connections) between the Education Precinctand other destinations in the area such as the Glendale Regional Centre, the proposedLake Macquarie Transport Interchange (LMTI) and the Hunter Sports Centre.These destinations are within walking distance for the young users of the EducationPrecinct and within easy cycling distance if safe and convenient cycle access is provided.The adjacent residential area is zoned for medium density development, andredevelopment of this area would complement the education institutions and capitalisethe high accessibility of the Crossroads for bus services.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 33 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 19 The Education Precinct – Edgeworth Corridor4.3 Frederick Street Intersection Precinct 2.1The intersection of Frederick Street and Main Road is identified as a precinct due to itsimportance to the transport network. The north-eastern corner of this intersection is asmall grouping of newer commercial buildings that has developed to replace a formertimber yard. It is vehicle oriented and serves a wider spatial market than the local area. Itincludes a large dental clinic, service station, automobile parts retailer, and fast foodoutlet. The buildings are generally arranged around a car park. The built form of thecommercial development is slightly elevated above the road and opposite a busyintersection, and as a result its visual prominence making it an important site for a“gateway” building.The other three corners of this busy intersection are characterised by single storeydomestic scale detached development, one of which is occupied by a dental businessand the others are occupied as dwellings.It should be noted that the possible future upgrade to the intersection would involveacquisition of land from the corner sites.4.3.1 Frederick Street Commercial Precinct Attributes• High visibility gateway to the Corridor• Major entry to the TAFE and the Education Precinct• Large site with multiple businesses on the north eastern corner• Car based developmentDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 34 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• Buildings built back from the street and access from rear or side entry• Small lots on all corners of the intersection except the NE corner – These corners arelikely to be affected by any intersection upgrade if required in the future.4.3.2 Significant Sites – Frederick Street PrecinctThe corners of this intersection are considered significant sites because they areprominent and form a “gateway” to the Glendale Regional Centre as well as to theCorridor. The eastern side of Frederick Street (on both sides of Main Road) wasidentified in the Draft Glendale Corridors: Landscape and Urban Design Guidelines.Figure 20 The Frederick Street Intersection PrecinctFigure 21 Frederick Street Intersection – Edgeworth Corridor4.3.3 Frederick Street Commercial Precinct OpportunitiesThe Frederick Street Commercial Precinct offers an opportunity to develop gatewaybuildings that signify an entry into the Corridor and to the Education Precinct.Improvements to the footpath on Frederick Street north of Main Road could enable theGlendale-Wallsend cycleway to be extended to Main Road as a shared pathway.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 35 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

4.4 Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre Precinct 3.2The Neighbourhood Centre located at the intersection of Main Road and Mimi Road isthe largest concentration of commercial uses within the Corridor. There is no sense ofarrival at the Centre other than a change of land use. Because the Centre meets a rangeof community needs from weekly shopping, to the local library, and hotel, it has thepotential to be a hub of community activity. Instead the buildings and activities tend tooperate independently and the opportunities for synergy are not well developed.Figure 22 The Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre PrecinctThe Neighbourhood Centre consists of:• An “enclosed mall” style development on the southern side of Main Roadcontaining a supermarket and a number of specialty shops. This developmentdoes not address the three streets that surround it- Main Road, Arnott Street andCallan Street; it presents as a big box and addresses an internal car park.• Separate buildings west of, and adjacent to, the enclosed mall containing afitness centre, take away food outlet, a number of offices and a number ofseparate shops. These two storey buildings are built to the property streetboundary and address Main Road.• A two storey hotel, post office, open car yard, small offices/professional suites informer single storey dwellings and a three storey mixed use development on thenorth eastern side of the intersection. These developments generally address thestreet, but because they are spread out, they do not provide an impression ofintensive activity.• A single storey community centre, library, child and family health centre, outlet onthe north western side of the intersection. Together with the adjacent school,these buildings lead to considerable community activity. However they do notform a coherent group or exhibit quality urban design and do not contributepositively to the streetscape.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 36 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• A number of freestanding commercial uses on Main Road to the east of CallanStreet. Vehicle related business such as tyre shops tend to dominate, although italso contains a substantial bottle shop and take away food outlet. The buildingsare mainly single storey and strongly relate to the street. The appearance ofmany of the buildings is similar to that found in a light industrial area and are ofpoor urban design.Figure 23 The Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre Commercial PrecinctThe Corridor adjoins significant open space and recreation areas that are generallyrelated to waterways or riparian areas. To the south of the Corridor is the EdgeworthSporting complex which is accessed via Park Street . This Complex includes a numberof playing fields, amenities blocks, and the Edgeworth Bowling Club.4.4.1 Neighbourhood Centre Commercial Precinct Attributes• Most of the shopping area is on one lot in single ownership;• Car based development with the main shopping centre addressing the internalcar park rather than the street;• Many buildings are constructed to the street property boundary, however there isfrequently access from the rear or side entry, andDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 37 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• The larger scale of the “big box” shopping centre dominates the NeighbourhoodCentre. It does not address the street and exhibits poor urban design.4.4.2 Significant Sites – Neighbourhood Centre Commercial PrecinctThe buildings surrounding the intersection of Minmi Road and Main Road occupy highvisibility sites that could contribute to the development of a strong sense of place andidentity for the Centre.4.4.3 Neighbourhood Centre Precinct Commercial OpportunitiesThe Neighbourhood Centre lacks a sense of place; this could be delivered by a clear“entry” and the shopping centre addressing Main Road to a greater extent. The land usemix of the Neighbourhood Centre contains a very good range of services for a localcentre. The location of the school adjacent to the Centre, together with other communityfacilities, such as the library, provides an opportunity to build the Centre into a focal pointfor the community. The location of the Sports Complex to the south further reinforces theCentre as a community focal point.4.4.4 Neighbourhood Centre Industrial Precinct AttributesAdjacent and southeast of the Edgeworth Corridor Commercial Centre is a light industrialarea. This Precinct is characterised by large warehouse type buildings typical of amodern light industrial area that generally do not address the street and are set somedistance back from the road. Transport and freight logistics are the land uses thatdominate the Precinct, such as a bus depot, several courier depots, and an AustraliaPost Distribution Centre. The bus depot and truck depot occupy large sites with largeopen areas to permit vehicle manoeuvring.The light industrial area did not include many vacant properties at the time of the Studyand only one undeveloped site. However, it is not developed to its maximum capacity,and a number of more intensive unit style premises have been recently developed,demonstrating an emerging more intensive use of the land.Buildings are large and industrial in scale and do not address street with buildingssetback from the building property boundary.• Wide streets with no streetscape works, limited footpaths, cycleway or planting;• Buildings and access from rear or side entry, and• Access to Main Road via Callan Street (shared with the shopping centre) andThomas Street (shared with the adjacent residential area).4.4.5 Light Industrial Precinct OpportunitiesThe light industrial area would benefit from improved pedestrian and cycle connections tothe adjacent shopping centre and the community facilities of the Neighbourhood Centre.In order to achieve this, a number of missing links in the paved footpath system wouldneed to be constructed. The Transport Study will consider such links in more detail.The introduction of the State mandated standard zones in the Draft LMLEP 2013provides an opportunity to consider alternative zones to the Industrial IN2 Zone, which isthat closest equivalent to the existing Industrial 4(2) under LMLEP 2004. Alternativescould includeB7 Business Park Zone. The main differences between these two zonesare:• In the Draft LMLEP 2013, permissible uses in the B7 Zone include light industry,office premises, garden centres, and plant nurseries are permissible amongstother things. However, the following uses (this is not a conclusive list) would notbe permissible: transport depots, truck depots, freight transport facilities, depots,and vehicle body repair workshop. A number of current land uses fall within thelist of uses that are not permissible in the Draft LMLEP 2013, and this could beDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 38 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

problematic. Nothing in this Review suggests a change is necessary in thepermissible uses. The current uses are considered appropriate and should bepermissible in the zone, and not rely on existing use rights.• In the IN2 Zone the Draft LMLEP 2013 shows permissible uses including lightindustry, hardware and buildings supplies, landscaping material supplies, plantnurseries, warehouses and distribution centres amongst other uses. However,the following uses that are proposed to be permissible in the B7 zone would notbe permissible in the IN2 zone: office premises, research station, publicadministration building, community facility, schools, education establishment,health services, medical centres, health consulting rooms, and passengertransport facility. This is not a conclusive list.The existing and desired precinct character is important to the decision about whether theconversion should be to IN2 or B7. Uses such as transport, truck, and freight transportdepots appear to operate at the current time and these uses are generally notpermissible in the B7 Zone. The B7 zone does allow health and education related useswhich may be considered appropriate and potentially supportive of the adjacent towncentre and open space area.4.4.6 Significant Industrial Sites – Neighbourhood Centre PrecinctThere are a number of large sites developed to a low intensity that could be redevelopedto a high intensity employment use. However, it is recognised that several of these sitesare associated with transport related uses that require large areas for vehicle storage andmanoeuvring, and that the industrial area has a strong transport and logisticsspecialisation.Figure 24 The Light Industrial PrecinctDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 39 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

4.4.7 Opportunities for Industry in the Neighbourhood Centre PrecinctThe light industrial area is adjacent to the Town Centre, and has the potential to developmore intensive “urban services” type uses to complement the commercial and retail usesof the Neighbourhood Centre. On the other hand, its high transport accessibility(particularly to the Freeway) reinforces the relevance of its current transport and logisticsorientation. The industrial area has few vacant sites, and new development would bealmost entirely dependent on the redevelopment of existing sites. A number of existingsites are developed to a low intensity of use, and if these are redeveloped they are likelyto be more intensively occupied.4.5 Main Road Corridor - Residential Precinct 1.1This precinct is characterised by single storey detached residential development set onwide streets that generally form rectilinear blocks of 70m x 280m with the shorter widthfronting Main Road. There is scattered medium density redevelopment, usually in theform of single storey “villa” system homes. The size of lots varies throughout the areawith some streets containing larger lots suitable for small scale medium densityredevelopment without lot amalgamation. Lots in most streets require amalgamation tobe suitable for medium density redevelopment. See Figure 25 below.The subdivision of the area has occurred over several decades, and unfortunately thishas led to discontinuities in the connectivity of the street system. The streets aregenerally wide with grass footpaths and paved footpaths only in some locations.The section of Main Road from the Crossroads to Frederick Street is characterised by ahigh volume of vehicle movements and a strong commercial presence at the mainintersections. Whereas much of Main Road is characterised by through vehiclemovement, this section of Main Road features a large number of vehicles making turningmovements to other destinations such as the Glendale Regional Centre or the EducationPrecinct.Figure 25 Main Road West Residential PrecinctIn common with most of the Corridor, development is single storey. A small park locatedon Johnson Street provides a neighbourhood focus on the southern side of Main Road..A number of small commercial uses are scattered along Main Road, often located onformer neighbourhood general stores. In addition, a McDonalds fast away food outlet islocated on the northern side on Main Road at its intersection with Impala Street.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 40 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The residential area to the west of the Neighbourhood Centre is characterised by singlestorey detached residences. The streets are generally wide with grass footpaths andpaved footpaths only in some locations. There are limited medium density developments,usually constructed by social or public housing providers. The area to the south of MainRoad contains areas of public housing, which being in single ownership offersopportunities for comprehensive redevelopment. Given the age of much of this housing itis likely that redevelopment will occur over the next 5-10 years. The relatively small lotsize and fragmented ownership of the private housing will significantly limit the speed andscale of private sector driven redevelopment.Not withstanding this, the relatively flat land, high connectivity of the street system,walking distance to schools, a general store and a bus route makes this land attractive formedium density redevelopment.At the intersection of Main Road and Garth Street is a small commercial centre with aconvenience shop/take away food outlet, veterinary clinic, and service station.At the western end of the Corridor on the south-eastern side of the intersection ofNorthville Drive and Main Road is Edgeworth Heights Primary School. Just to the east,on the northern side of Main Road is St Benedict’s Catholic Primary School.Figure 26 Residential Precinct4.5.1 Residential Precinct Attributes• Dominance by single storey detached houses;• Variable lot size, with some lots sufficiently large for medium densityredevelopment without amalgamation with adjacent lots;• Scattered medium density redevelopment of mainly single storey villa styledevelopment;• Public housing located at the eastern and western ends of the Corridor, and• Generally wide roads with grassed footpaths, few paved footpaths.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 41 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

4.5.2 Residential Precinct OpportunitiesAlmost all the residential precinct is within easy walking distance of a bus route overrelatively flat terrain. Some housing is reaching the end of its economic life, however inmany locations medium density redevelopment is not possible without amalgamatingadjacent lots. Areas of public housing provide opportunities for redevelopment becauseof the age of the housing and the single ownership of adjacent lots.Figure 27 Main Road CorridorThe high volume of traffic on Main Road results in relatively poor amenity for propertiesalong the road. If properties are developed to greater residential densities it may exposea larger number of people to a relatively poor amenity environment.Further development of small businesses along Main Road may be a suitable option toprovide a buffer to residential properties on the lots further from the Road. This mayprovide an opportunity to improve the appearance of the area and provide for both homebased and small businesses in a high profile location. Building design (such as placing ahome workplace at the street frontage), double glazing and other acoustic devises canimprove the amenity of living and working along Main Road. The risk of pursuing thisoption is that it might result in visually unattractive “strip” development along Main Road.Mixed use development may be appropriate at a small scale using a B4 Mixed Use zone.This could enable a larger range of commercial uses than currently exist and besupportive of local business opportunity.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 42 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

5 PopulationAn analysis of the demographics of the corridor was undertaken based on the 2011 ABSCensus. A map of the collector districts that most closely approximate the Corridor isshown in Figure 28. Although a best fit, there are some differences in the spatial areaused in this Census analysis compared to the Corridor boundary. To acknowledge thisslight difference, the term “Corridor CDs” is used to describe the collector districtboundaries used that best approximate the Study Area.Figure 28: Map of Collectors Districts Used for Corridor PopulationDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 43 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

5.1 Age ProfileBased on the Corridor CD defined above, there were approximately 4,800 people living inthe Edgeworth Corridor at the time of the 2011 census period. Figure 29 below shows theproportion of the population in each age group as well as for Lake Macquarie LGA andAustralia.Figure 29: Age ProfileSource: 2011 ABS CensusFigure 29 and Table 4 show that the population of the Corridor CDs has a more youthfulprofile than that of Lake Macquarie LGA or Australia overall. Of particular interest is theoverrepresentation of children aged 0-4 years and of 20-29 years olds in the CorridorCDs relative to the LGA and Australia. 30-39 year olds and 60-64 year olds are alsooverrepresented relative to the LGA. These figures combined with an underrepresentation of 40-49 year olds indicate that the Corridor CDs contains many youngerfamily groups who are probably first home owners. The Corridor appears to have acontinually role as a first home owner staging point, with some residents moving out asthey become more affluent and providing an ongoing stream of homes for purchase. Theoverrepresentation of 60-64 year olds is likely to reflect long term residents where movedinto the area during the 1960’s and 1970’s as first home owners and have stayed. Manyof these residents are likely to “age in place” and remain in the suburb.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 44 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Table 4: Age ProfileCorridor CDsLakeMacquarieLGAAustralia5.2 FamiliesAge No. % % %0-4 years 366 7.6 6.0 6.65-9 years 312 6.5 6.0 6.310-14 years 264 5.5 6.6 6.415-19 years 321 6.6 6.9 6.520-24 years 340 7.0 5.7 6.825-29 years 371 7.7 5.2 730-34 years 291 6.0 5.2 6.835-39 years 345 7.1 6.2 7.140-44 years 277 5.7 6.6 7.245-49 years 278 5.7 6.8 750-54 years 328 6.8 7.1 6.755-59 years 304 6.3 6.7 660-64 years 339 7.0 6.5 5.665-69 years 223 4.6 5.4 4.370-74 years 150 3.1 4.2 3.375-79 years 151 3.1 3.4 2.580-84 years 98 2.0 2.8 285 years + 78 1.6 2.5 1.9Total 4,826Source: 2011 ABS censusTable 5 and Figure 30 show the composition of families in the Corridor CDs. Couplefamilies with and without children are underrepresented relative to the LGA and Australia.However, one parent families are overrepresented, comprising 22.8% of all families,compared 17.3% and 15.9% for the LGA and Australia respectively. The high proportionof one parent families appears to be due to the presence of public housing in some areasas well as lower cost housing throughout the Corridor CDs.Because of the demands on parents in one parent families, local and part time work,and/or the availability of child care and out of school hours care, is very important toensuring they have access to employment opportunities.One parent families often do not have a high disposal income with the result that localshopping needs to reflect an emphasis on the purchase of essential basic goods ratherthan discretionary expenditure.Table 5: Family CompositionCorridor CDs Lake Mac LGA AustraliaAge No. % No. % No. %Couple familywithout children 501 37.2 21,127 39.7 2,150,299 37.8Couple family withchildren 520 38.6 22,259 41.8 2,534,397 44.6One parent family 307 22.8 9,201 17.3 901,634 15.9Other family 19 1.4 674 1.3 97,721 1.7Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 45 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 30: Family CompositionSource: 2011 ABS census5.3 DwellingsThe Corridor CDs are dominated by detached dwellings, as shown in Figure 31 and Table6, with a higher proportion of this dwelling type compared with Lake Macquarie LGA andAustralia. Conversely, medium density dwellings comprise a small proportion of dwellingstock in the Corridor CDs.The Occupancy Ratio (the number of people resident per private dwelling) of the CorridorCDs is 2.46, which is lower than that of Lake Macquarie LGA (2.52) and Australia (2.56).The lower occupancy ratio is surprising because of the presence of younger familyhouseholds, which often have a high occupancy ratio. However, the higher proportion ofone parent families in the Corridor CDs relative the LGA and Australia is probably themain contributor to the lower occupancy ratio, and also possibly couples with only onechild.Figure 31: Dwelling compositionSource: 2011 ABS censusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 46 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Table 6: Dwelling CompositionOccupied private dwellings:DwellingsCorridors CD% of totaldwellingsPeopleLakeMacquarieLGA% of totaldwellingsAustralia% of totaldwellingsSeparate house 1,701 85.82% 4,337 79.22% 67.45%Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouseetc. with:One storey 35 1.77% 62 4.97% 5.28%Two or more storeys 10 0.50% 23 1.68% 3.53%Total 45 2.27% 85 6.65% 8.81%Flat, unit or apartment:In a one or two storey block 127 6.41% 206 4.07% 5.89%In a three storey block 20 1.01% 34 0.29% 2.92%In a four or more storey block 0 0.00% 0 0.37% 3.23%Attached to a house 0 0.00% 0 0.13% 0.10%Total 147 7.42% 240 4.86% 12.15%Other dwelling:Caravan, cabin, houseboat 0 0.00% 0 0.76% 0.54%Improvised home, tent, sleepers out 0 0.00% 0 0.01% 0.04%House or flat attached to shop, office, etc. 6 0.30% 10 0.14% 0.18%Total 6 0.30% 10 0.91% 0.77%Dwelling structure not stated 0 0.00% 3 0.04% 0.08%Total occupied private dwellings 1,899 95.81% 4,675 91.68% 89.25%0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00%Unoccupied private dwellings 83 4.19% 8.32% 10.75%0.00% 0.00% 0.00%Total private dwellings 1,982 100.00% 4,675 100.00% 100.00%Source: 2011 ABS census5.4 Dwelling TenureFigure 32 and Table 6 show that around 67% of dwellings are owned or being paid off inthe Corridor CDs which is the same as the average proportion for Australia overall. TheCorridor however, has a lower than average proportion of homes owned outright in theCorridor CDs. In the Lake Macquarie LGA, around 74% of dwellings are owned or beingpaid off. Conversely, the Corridor CDs overall have a similar proportion of rental housingas Australia (around 305 dwellings) relative to 23% for Lake Macquarie LGA. Publichousing is around 13% of dwellings, considerably higher than Lake Macquarie LGA andAustralia with 4.9% and 4.1% respectively. Public housing is concentrated at the easternand western ends of the Corridor. There is a small amount of other social housing/community housing (1.1% of dwellings) in the Corridor CDs as well.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 47 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 32: Dwelling TenureTable 7: Dwelling tenureCorridors CDLakeMacquarieLGA AustraliaNo. % % %Owned outright 474 30.6 38.3 32.1Owned with a mortgage 561 36.2 35.3 34.9All rental categories(subcategories follow) 466 30.1 23.0 29.6Real estate agent rental 161 10.4 11.4 16.1State or territoryhousing authority rental 207 13.4 4.9 4.1Person not in samehousehold rental 68 4.4 5.0 6.7Housing cooperative/community/church group rental 17 1.1 0.6 0.7Other landlord typerental 3 0.2 0.8 1.4Landlord type notstated rental 10 0.6 0.4 0.6Other tenure type 4 0.3 0.9 0.9Tenure type not stated 45 2.9 2.5 2.5Source: 2011 ABS census1,5505.5 Household IncomesTable 8 and Figure 33, household incomes in the Corridor CDs are generally lower thanthose in Lake Macquarie LGA, or Australia. This is particularly evident with a significantlygreater proportion of household incomes below $600 per week in the corridor CDs. Themedian weekly income range is $1000-$1249 in the Corridor CDs relative to $1250-$1499 in Lake Macquarie LGA and Australia. The income structure of the population isDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 48 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

skewed towards lower income levels, and income groups with an income of over $2,500per week comprise a very low proportion of the population of the Corridor CDs comparedwith Lake Macquarie LGA and Australia, as can be seen in Figure 33.Figure 33: Household incomeSource: 2011 ABS CensusTable 8: Household incomeCorridor CDsLakeMacquarieLGAAustraliaNo. % % %Negative/Nil income 28 1.5% 0.8% 1.4%$1-$199 23 1.2% 1.3% 1.5%$200-$299 85 4.5% 2.7% 2.7%$300-$399 195 10.3% 7.9% 6.3%$400-$599 241 12.7% 11.2% 9.3%$600-$799 194 10.2% 9.4% 8.4%$800-$999 168 8.9% 8.0% 7.8%$1,000-$1,249 179 9.5% 7.5% 7.8%$1,250-$1,499 134 7.1% 6.7% 7.2%$1,500-$1,999 235 12.4% 11.0% 11.2%$2,000-$2,499 136 7.2% 7.9% 8.1%$2,500-$2,999 58 3.1% 6.6% 7.7%$3,000-$3,499 29 1.5% 4.4% 4.5%$3,500-$3,999 11 0.6% 1.8% 2.1%$4,000 or more 3 0.2% 2.3% 3.4%Partial income stated(c) 122 6.4% 7.6% 8.0%All incomes not stated(d) 52 2.7% 2.8% 2.7%Source: 2011 ABS CensusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 49 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

5.6 Country of BirthThe Corridor CDs have a very high proportion of their population born in Australia,relative to those born overseas.89% of the Corridor CDs’ population was born in Australia, compared with 86.2% forLake Macquarie LGA and 69.8% for Australia. The largest overseas born population isfrom the United Kingdom (2.8%).5.7 Indigenous PeopleThere is a significantly higher proportion of Indigenous people in the Corridors CDscompared with Lake Macquarie LGA and Australia.6.43% of the Corridors CDs population is Indigenous, compared with 2.96% in LakeMacquarie LGA and 2.55% in Australia.5.8 Level of EducationResidents of the Corridor CDs generally ceased schooling earlier than those of LakeMacquarie LGA and Australia. 61.4% of residents did not continue schooling beyondYear 10, compared with 51.7% in Lake Macquarie and 33.3% for Australia. See Table 9and Figure 34 below.Figure 34: Highest Level of SchoolingSource: 2011 ABS CensusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 50 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Table 9: Highest Level of SchoolingCorridor CDsTotal %LakeMacquarieLGAAustraliaYear 12 or equivalent 945 25.23% 35.37% 49.23%Year 11 or equivalent 241 6.43% 5.84% 8.90%Year 10 or equivalent 1,495 39.91% 34.73% 20.89%Year 9 or equivalent 498 13.29% 10.82% 5.68%Year 8 or below 308 8.22% 5.85% 5.92%Did not go to school 9 0.24% 0.32% 0.85%0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%Highest year of schoolnot stated 250 6.67% 7.07% 8.53%Total 3,746 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%*People aged 15 years not attending a school or equivalentSource: 2011 ABS Census5.9 Industry of EmploymentAs shown in Figure 35, the highest proportion of employed residents in the Corridor CDswork in health care and social assistance industry (15.1%), closely followed by retailtrade (15.0%). and manufacturing (14.2%). Compared with Lake Macquarie LGA andAustralia, a considerably higher proportion of employees resident in the Corridors CDswork in the manufacturing and retail sectors, and a lower proportion work in professional,technical and technical services, public administration and safety and education andtraining industries. These statistics are reflective of the lower education levels of CorridorCDs residents in general. In addition, retail trade and manufacturing tend to be moreexposed to fluctuations in the economy relative to other sectors, such as publicadministration.Figure 35: Proportion of employed by industrySource: 2011 ABS CensusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 51 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

5.10 Occupation breakdown20% of employed residents of the Corridor CDs work as technicians and trades workers,15.8% as labourers and 14% as clerical and administration workers, followed by salesworkers (12.3%), machinery operators and drivers (10.9%) and community and personalservice workers (11.0%), as shown in Figure 36. Of these occupational groupings,labourers, technicians and trades workers, and machine operators and drivers comprisea higher proportion of the employed amongst the Corridor CDs residents than LakeMacquarie LGA and Australia. Managers and professional comprise a considerablylower proportion of employed Corridors CDs residents than those in Lake Macquarie andAustralia. These statistics are indicative of the lower formal education and qualificationlevels of Corridor CDs residents, and also contribute to the lower income levelsexperienced by Corridor CDs households.Figure 36: Occupation groups of residentsSource: 2011 ABS CensusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 52 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

5.11 Core Need Assistance6.5% of Corridor CDs residents need assistance with a core activity. This is a similarproportion to the 6.12% Lake Macquarie residents that need assistance, but is 40%higher than the 4.64% of Australian residents that require assistance, as shown in Figure37. Core need assistance refers to those needing help or assistance in one or more ofthe three core activity areas of self-care, mobility, and communication, because of adisability, long term health condition (lasting six months or more) or old age.Figure 37: Core Need Assistance5.12 Core Need AssistanceSource: 2011 ABS CensusTable 10 and Figure 38 show that households in the Corridor CDs own less motorvehicles on average than Lake Macquarie LGA or Australia generally. Notwithstandingthis, motor vehicle ownerships are relatively high in absolute terms. Over 10% ofhouseholds do not own a motor vehicle, and this is more evident in collectors’ districts atthe eastern and western ends of the Corridor (which corresponds to the distribution ofpublic housing). This has important implications for the provision of infrastructure fortransport alternatives to the motor vehicle- such as footpaths, cycleways, and publictransport.Table 10: Household motor vehicle ownershipCorridor CDsLakeMacquarieLGAAustraliaNone 10.6 7.1 8.61 motor vehicle 36.6 35 35.82 motor vehicles 34.6 37.3 36.13 or more vehicles 14.6 17.5 16.5Number of motorvehicles not stated 3.6 3 3Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 53 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 38: Household motor vehicle ownershipSource: 2011 ABS Census5.13 Journey to WorkThe transport modes used by Corridor CDs residents in order to travel to and from workare almost the same as for Lake Macquarie LGA, as shown inDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 54 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 39. There is a high dependence on motor vehicles for the journey to work witharound 70% travelling by car as a driver and between 5-6% as a passenger. Publictransport usages by Corridor CD residents is slightly higher than Lake Macquarie (1.7%compared with 1.1%), but around half that of Australia overall (3.1%). Most publictransport journeys to work are by bus. Walking and cycling combined comprised lessthan 2% of journey to work by Corridor CDs or Lake Macquarie residents, which is lessthan half that for Australia overall (4.7%).If the public transport services to the Corridor was improved (particularly frequency andco-ordination) there is potential to increase public transport usage because of the highaccessibility of most residences to the Main Road public transport spine.1.9% of Corridor CD’s residents worked at home, less than Lake Macquarie LGA (3.3%)or Australia overall (4.4%).Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 55 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 39: Journey to work transport modesSource: 2011 ABS censusDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 56 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

6 EmploymentThe Corridor has a relatively diverse range of employers located within or near the StudyArea. There is a total of 18.1 ha of land zoned for employment purposes- comprising 8.4ha of land zoned 3(1), 1.3 ha of land zoned 3(2) and 8.5 ha of land zoned 4(2).6.1 Main Employers - Edgeworth Corridor and Surrounding AreaThe following table shows the area of land zoned within each employment zone, thegrass floor area of the buildings and the estimated employment. A number of largeemployers, particularly the educational institutions, are not located in “employmentzones”, and are not included in the table below. This is also the case for a number of“standalone” uses, often offering professional services, such as health related services,along Main Road which are also not included in the Table, and are minor employers.Table 11: Estimated employment in “employment” zonesZone Area of Zone m 2excluding roadsGross floorspace m 2Estimatedemployment3(1) Urban Centre (Core) 83,626 21,916 6283(2) Urban Centre (Support) 13,195 1,065 294(2) Industrial (Support) 84,581 19,512 208Total 181,402 42,493 865Source: LMCC 2012Table 11 provides an estimation of the number of persons employed within theEdgeworth Corridor and in localities close to the Corridor that are likely to be employmentareas for the residents of the Corridor. This data is an estimation based on ABS dataand area of the zones listed above.Each building was categorised according to its primary use and number of employeesestimated by using benchmark figures derived from the (then) Department of Planningreport “Employment Monitoring of Commercial Centres and Industrial Areas”. Theresultant figures were then aggregated for each zone.Figure 40: Employment Areas in and Around Edgeworth CorridorFigure 40 shows the main employment areas in, and around the Corridor. The majoremployment node of the Corridor is adjacent to the intersection of Main Road and MinmiDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 57 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Road. This includes light industrial, retail, and industries related to education andcommunity services.The second most important employment node is at the eastern end of the corridor,around the Crossroads, and includes the Crossroads retail area and Education Precinct.6.2 Employment Areas in the CorridorThe main employment areas in the Corridor are listed below.The Crossroads - a number of generally small enterprises servicing a catchment beyondthe neighbourhood and/or dependent on passing trade. The largest employer is thecaryard located on the south-eastern corner of the intersection of Main Road and LakeRoad.To the north of the Crossroads lies a significant education precinct, not included in theTable above, comprising the• Glendale TAFE which serves a subregional catchment and delivers a range ofspecialist courses. It had an enrolment of 4780 students in 2010;• Glendale Technology High which is the area’s high school, but which alsoprovides specialisation in technology education and VET courses. It employs 62people;• Holy Cross Catholic School (Primary) employs 10 teachers and support staff, and• 2 child care centres.The commercial area at the Main Road/ Frederick Street intersection comprises a dentalclinic, fast food outlets, service station, and paint supplies outlet. This area services acatchment beyond the neighbourhood and/or is dependent on passing tradeMcDonalds fast food is located at the intersection of Main Road and Impala StreetEdgeworth Neighbourhood Centre at the T-intersection of Minmi and Main Road, on thesouthern side of Main Road. It includes the following employers:• A commercial strip servicing a catchment beyond the neighbourhood and/ordependent on passing trade, between Thomas and Callan Streets. Thiscommercial area focuses on automotive services;• An enclosed shopping centre with a Coles supermarket and speciality shopsserving local needs;• Several freestanding buildings adjacent to the enclosed shopping centrecontaining a fitness centre, fast food outlet, commercial offices and governmentoffices, most serving local needs;• A small complex of shops and services mostly serving local needs, fronting ArnottStreet;• A hotel and bottle shop serving local needs, on the north-eastern side of theintersection of Main Road and Minmi Road;• A post office serving local needs, and adjacent medical centre on the easternside of Main Road between Callan and Park Streets;• A library with a wider than local catchment, on the western side of Minmi Road;Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 58 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• A baby and family health centre serving a wider than local catchment, on thewestern side of Minmi Road;• A service station and fast food outlet adjacent to the Edgeworth Community Hall,to the west on the northern side of Main Road;• A medium sized licensed club- Edgeworth Bowling Club- servicing local needs,located at the southern end of Park Street, to the southwest of the Edgeworthneighbourhood centre, and• Edgeworth Primary School serving local needs is located on the western side ofMinmi Road, with the Hunter Life Education Centre, adjacent. It employs 34people.The Edgeworth Industrial Area is located to the south of Main Road with access viaArnott and Thomas Streets. The industries located here generally appear to serve awider catchment than the local area. A number of the industries occupy sites that aredeveloped to a relatively low intensity- including a bus depot- and as a result employfewer people than their site area would otherwise infer.Two service stations are located on the southern side of Main Road to the west of theNeighbourhood CentreA neighbourhood general store/take way with a veterinary clinic adjacent serving localneeds and passing trade, is located at the intersection of Main Road and Garth Street.St Benedicts Catholic Primary School is located to the west of the intersection of DurhamDrive and Main Road, on the southern side of Main Road, and services local needs. StBenedicts employs 17 teachers and support staff.Edgeworth Heights Primary School is located at the intersection of Minmi Road andNorthville Drive, and services local needs. The school employs 15.9 people.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 59 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

7 InfrastructureTo gauge the opportunities for growth in the Edgeworth Corridor it is important to assessthe capacity of existing infrastructure and the potential for expansion, as the frameworksupporting the economic and social activity for the community.7.1 Social Infrastructure7.1.1 Community FacilitiesFacilities for community use within the Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre include thecommunity centre, library, child and family health centre on the north-western side of theintersection of Minmi Road and Main Road. These facilities are adjacent to theEdgeworth Primary School, opposite the Post Office and the Edgeworth hotel. Facilitieshave an added importance in this area as there are limited public gathering placeselsewhere in the Corridor.The future of the community facilities in this area will be assessed as part of a citywideCommunity Facilities Study to be undertaken in 2013/14. The Study will assess futureneeds of the projected population and will advise on whether existing facilities are to berelocated, or demolished and replaced with a new or expanded facility. This review ofcommunity facilities in the LGA is noted, and the potential impact it may have on theEdgeworth Neighbourhood Centre.Figure 41 Community Facilities within the Edgeworth Renewal CorridorThere is a childcare centre located on Durham Drive as well, to the west of theneighbour-hood centre. Just beyond the western end of the Corridor, the HawkinsMasonic Village provides a range of aged person’s accommodation from independentliving units to high care nursing home facilities. A similar facility is located at CameronPark.At the far eastern end of the Corridor at Lake Road just north of the Crossroads on thewestern side of Lake Road, a large health centre is under construction. The developmentDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 60 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

includes approval for 18 General Practice consulting rooms, seven physiotherapyconsultingrooms and a pharmacy of 200m 2 .7.2 Green Network - Recreation and Open SpaceThe Corridor includes large areas of open space land owned by Council, and some otheropen space land that is privately owned as shown in Figure 42. This use of this landvaries and includes sport, recreation, and environmental uses. There is approximately 90hectares categorised for community use. Uses include passive recreation, soccer, rugbyleague, a remote control car course, athletics fields, netball courts, cricket fields, localplaygrounds, a model train course (just south of the corridor), a half court for basketballand a hit wall. This land also includes large and small parcels of land and easements,areas used for access, drainage, cycleway and pedestrian links, and power lines.Figure 42 Recreation and Open Space Areas at Edgeworth7.2.1 Land Uses in Open Space AreasA significant proportion of land zoned for public recreation and open space is locatedalong the watercourses of Cocked Hat Creek, Brush Creek, and Cockle Creek, and onboth sides of Main Road. These low-lying areas are generally within the Flood PlanningArea. Significant open space areas are listed below:1. Area 1 consists of approximately 3 ha of land zoned for public open space locatedalong Cocked Hat Creek at the north of Main Road. This area is primarily used asa drainage reserve. It also includes some important pedestrian links and a smallplay area. Further along the Creek to the north west is the Edgeworth Child carecentre and a small playground.2. Area 2 is about 1.5 ha of land zoned for public open space. This area includesKane Bruce Memorial Park on the northern side of Main Road and located justwest of Edgeworth Primary School (where Cocked Hat Creek passes under MainRoad). The Park includes a half court for basketball and a hit wallKane Bruce Park is at the bend in Main Road as the road rises from the flood plainup to the main shopping centre or Neighbourhood Centre. This Park could form anentry statement to Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre. See Map – No. 2.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 61 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

This park stretches north west along Cocked Hat Creek and beyond the Corridorinto Cameron Park. Within the Corridor, this Park has an area of approximately3.55 ha. Beyond the Corridor is a further 3.2 ha that links to additional areas in theCameron Park Estate.3. Area 3 is approximately 13ha and includes the Edgeworth Sports Complex that islocated south of Main Road, wrapping around Edgeworth Bowling Club. It has anarea of approximately 9.3ha and includes facilities on both sides Cocked HatCreek. There are athletics fields and netball courts on the western side of theCreek and on its eastern side are soccer fields and the remote control car course.Just south of this area Council leases land for the model train facility.4. Area 4 is located just south of the industrial area in Edgeworth and stretches to theCreek in the south. This area has been earmarked as having potential for futuresporting fields that could cater for the needs of the residential growth at CameronPark. It has an area of approximately 14.6ha.5. Area 5 is approximately 5ha located east of Area No. 4. It comprises two parcelsof privately owned land. This land is planned for future acquisition by Council.6. Area 6 is approximately 4.6ha and is just east of Area 5. This is public land that iscurrently not formally used for recreation but should Area 5 be acquired these twoareas of land may be useful to meet future recreation needs in combination withArea 4.7. Area 7 is approximately 7 ha of land north of Main Road, near the centre of theCorridor is an area of approximately five hectares used as parkland. It is low lying,and a relatively flat, grassed area that is mown. It links to the power line easementfurther north, stretching east. .8. Area 8 is the Johnson Street local park, which has an area of about 0.2 ha9. Area 9 includes two pedestrian paths located either side of the Impala RoadReserve with a combined area of just over one hectare. These areas formimportant pedestrian links for local use10. Area 10 is comprised of two lots, located along the Brush Creek and each ofapproximately 0.5 ha in area. One of these lots is privately owned and houses theBrush Creek Boat Club. The other is public open space.11. Area 11 is a strip of land approximately 1.3 ha that runs along Frederick Drive tothe Glendale shopping complex owned currently by Stocklands. It is landscapedand has a shared pedestrian bike path.12. Area 12 is approximately 11 ha located on the south western corner of theCrossroads. This area includes Bill Bower Oval and is an open space area ofapproximately 7.5 ha used for cricket and rugby league. Two smaller fields and aplayground and car park are grouped with the oval. These smaller fields are justunder competition size for all sporting grades, but could be upgraded to standard.At this stage there is no plan to upgrade these fields.Bill Bower Oval has community attachments and any changes to this use wouldneed to be carefully and sensitively managed. The Glendale Master Plan identifiesthis site as having significant potential for rezoning to permit more intense urbanuse of this gateway site. To change the land use from open space would requirerezoning and reclassification, and most importantly relocation of the facilities to anadequately sized site in the local area.13. Area 13 is approximately 9.6ha. It is located outside the Corridor, however thisarea is important to the overall green infrastructure of the area as it includes theHunter Regional Sports Centre. It includes a multi-functional track and field facility.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 62 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The significant amount of land zoned for open space use south of theneighbourhood centre connects to land zoned Environmental; Conservation 7(2)running along both sides of Brush Creek, and Cocked Hat Creek and WindingCreek to the east. These areas form a riparian zone, as illustrated in Figure 9,which exhibit varying levels of human impact and environmental quality.Figure 43 Informal and Formal public and private open space7.2.2 Potential Areas for Future Recreation NeedsCouncil is considering the potential expansion of the Edgeworth Sports Grounds intolands to the south east and at the junction of Cocked Hat Creek and Brush Creek (justsouth of the Corridor), labelled as areas 4, 5 and 6 in Figure 42.Area 4 is located immediately south and adjacent to the Corridor. With an area ofapproximately 14.6 ha, this could cater for future growth anticipated for the CameronPark area and this area is currently under investigations by Council for that purpose. It iswithin the Flood Planning Area, and includes habitat identified as having ecological value.It is noted that east of the site under investigation are two parcels of privately owned landzoned for public recreation (approximately 5 ha) which could potentially link to the publicrecreation land to the east off Patterson Street/Laurel Avenue. This would not only addto the amount of open space area possibly needed for any urban intensification within theCorridor area, but could also potentially offer a valuable link along Brush Creek.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 63 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

7.3 Transport InfrastructureThis land use review is to provide information to assist in the preparation of a TransportStudy. Current land use and projected needs will be used to analyse the transportsystem. This section gives a brief description of the current movement network. Greaterdetail can be found in the companion Transport Study of the Corridor.7.3.1 Pedestrian NetworkThe pedestrian network is shown in Figure 44. There is limited paved footpath coveragein some areas of the Corridor, and there are limited crossings for Main Road. Highvolumes of vehicular traffic on Main Road and the divided carriageway form a significantbarrier to pedestrian connectivity between the residential areas and other developmentson the north and south sides of the road. This affects the way the Edgeworth andGlendale communities operate and move. There are safe signalised crossings provided,however the spacing of these is greater than optimum for good connectivity.The complexity of vehicle movements at the Crossroads also represents issues forpedestrians who may be forced to take a more circuitous route to cross the intersectionas a result. It may be that an overhead bridge(s) may be a long term solution in thislocation.Figure 44 Transport Infrastructure – Pedestrian7.3.2 Cycle NetworkOffroad and on road cycleway paths are provided in areas of the Corridor as shown inFigure 45. The cycleway network is not comprehensive and the heavy reliance on roadcycleways is hazardous and inconvenient to many cyclists, particularly those who areyounger or inexperienced. This limits the use of cycling as a transport option. Theparallel road network to the south of Main Road and the open space areas provide thepotential to provide an improved cycleway network.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 64 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 45 Transport Infrastructure – Cycle network7.3.3 Access to Public transportThe Edgeworth Corridor is served by both public and privately owned bus services buthas no rail service. The nearest railway stations are Cardiff and Cockle Creek Stationslocated approximately five kilometres from the Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre. Adirect bus service connects the Edgeworth Corridor, the Glendale Regional Centre, andthe Cardiff Town Centre including the railway station and locations beyond. At the time ofthe Study, bus connecting services were reasonably frequent and regular, but notnecessarily well co-ordinated with other public transport services. To the east of MinmiRoad most bus routes travel along Main Road providing a relatively high frequency publictransport spine. To the west of Minmi Road, a number of bus routes also share acommon path along Main Road before dispersing.A major public transport hub, the Lake Macquarie Transport Interchange, is planned forthe Glendale Regional Centre. This Interchange is to include a railway station, businterchange and commuter parking, however the State Government has yet to fund itsconstruction. The Glendale Regional Centre has an existing bus interchange locatedadjacent to the Cinema.7.3.4 RoadsThe major road network is shown in Figure 46. Main Road is the most heavily traffickedroad in the Corridor, and the most important for transportation accessibility. It isconstructed as two travel lanes in each direction, separated by a centre median.Frederick Street provides a bypass of the Crossroads by linking Lake Road to MainRoad. It provides a direct access to the Glendale Regional Centre. Its intersection withMain Road is controlled by traffic signals, while its intersection with Lake Road (justbeyond the corridor boundary) is a roundabout.It is noted that there are unclear and poor connections for cyclists and pedestrians tosignificant destinations such as the Glendale Regional Centre and the TAFE. These willbe investigated more thoroughly in the Transport Study using the information collected inthis review. See below.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 65 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 46 Transport Infrastructure - Roads7.3.5 TelecommunicationsThe Corridor receives fixed line and mobile telephone services to 3G standard from anumber of providers.Fixed line broadband internet is available to the Corridor. West of Impala Street theCorridor is Boolaroo exchange. Because of the distance from Boolaroo to the Corridor itis likely that ADSL2 internet speeds will be relatively low. East of Impala Street thecorridor is served by the Cardiff exchange, while it is also some distance from theexchange and as a result it is likely that ADSL2 internet speeds will be relatively low. TheNational Broadband Services (NBN) is scheduled to be constructed to serve the areawest of Impala Street in the next three years (2015). This will increase internet speedsdramatically in this area.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 66 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

8 Growth and Development Opportunities for the CorridorChapter 5 provided an overview of the population and likely residential land use needs inthe future for the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor. This section assesses the capacity of theland to accommodate future residential growth for this area. Low, medium, and highgrowth scenarios are included to recognise the maximum and the most likely options.This considers growth as continuation of current rates, and two other options thatrecognise the identification of this area as a potential Renewal Corridor with an increasein the current rate of growth.The capacity within current land use zones is assessed and then also other potentialoptions that could be available to meet the various scenarios for future land use needs.Whilst recognising the important role of the Corridor, it provides a SWOT analysis toidentify the area’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and constraints. This aims toimprove and provide guidance for the future growth and development of the Corridor.8.1 Current Land Use Capacity8.1.1 ResidentialTable 12 presents the capacity for residential development for the Edgeworth Corridor. Itgives the area in square metres in each zone where dwellings are permissible, that isresidential land and commercial land where dwellings are permissible in conjunction withother commercial development. Estimated 2011 population assumes an average of 2.5people per detached house and 2.0 per detached dwelling.Projections assume 2.5 persons /dwelling in the R2 zone, 2 persons/dwelling in the B1,B4 and R3 zones, 50% of B1 floorspace is residential and 70% of B4 floorspace isresidential. Average site coverage, number of storeys and dwelling size were used toassess the total number of people potentially accommodated within these current landuse zones. This general estimate does not take into account the physical constrains thatmay be limiting factors such as lot size, fragmented ownership and site specific limits.Table 12: Estimated Residential Capacity – Draft LMLEP 2013 ZonesDraftLMLEP2013Areain ha% Sitecover-ageAv. No.storeysAv.DwellingSize (sqm)Lot sizefor R2Nodwellings maxyieldEst. pop(2011)Pop. atmax.res.yieldLow(5%)Med.(10%)High(15%)R2 77.6 1 450 1210 3061 4311 3061 3061 3061R3 28.4 0.5 2 77 6292 315 629 944B1 56.8 0.8 2 77 20100 1005 2010 3015B4 32.5 0.8 1.5 77 8610 431 861 1292Source: LMCC 2013114.9 - - - 39313 4812 6561 8312Assumptions: 2.5 people per detached dwelling, 2.0 people per medium densitydwelling. An average of 450 sq m of land per dwelling in the R2 zone. An averagedwelling size of 77 sq metres in the R3, B1 and B4 zones. An average of 2 storeys ofresidential development in the R3 and B1 zones, and a1.5 storeys in the B4 zone.Assumes all zones are developed “evenly”, ie. lot size and existing development are notconsidered as constraints to maximum potential yield.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 67 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

The low, medium, and high scenarios of 5%, 10% and 15% represent proportions of thetotal number of people that could be accommodated within these zones that allowresidential development and are based on the likely capacity achieved. Thus, whilst theland could potentially accommodate over 39,313 residents, the growth scenariosanticipated would be more likely to attract from 1751 to 5897 additional people.The low scenario appears the more likely result, because of a range of factors includinglot size, fragmented ownership, land values and the prospect of greater investmentreturns elsewhere.8.1.2 CommercialThere is approximately 5.7 ha of land proposed to be zoned B1 under the Draft LMLEP2013. This land is currently zoned either 3(1) or 3(2). A comparison of the theoreticalmaximum floorspace that could be developed on the land with the existing floorspaceshows that there is capacity for an additional 23,500 square metres of commercialfloorspace. The commercial floorspace yield may increase if a greater proportion ofpotential floorspace is used for commercial, relative to residential, purposes. A limitationon commercial yield is the discontinuous nature of the 3(1) and #92) zone land which isspread over a number of locations separated by roads. The light industrial area appearsto have capacity for an additional 28,322 square metres of floorspace.Table 13: Estimated Commercial and Industrial Capacity – Current ZonesLMLEP2004Zone3(1) +3(2)Draft2011Area inha% sitecoverAv. No.storeysResidentialproportionExistingfloorspaceSq mTheoreticalmax floorspaceyieldSq mUnusedcapacitySq mB1 5.7 0.8 2 0.7 28419 38687 235103(2) B4 3.2 0.8 2 0.7Combinedwith above13242Combinedwith above4(2) IN2 10.2 0.5 1 0 21780 50102 28322Source: LMCC 20128.2 External Development Influencing Development in CorridorThe land use needs of the Corridor are largely driven by external factors, a trendanticipated to continue. The Edgeworth Renewal Corridor services a number ofdeveloping areas located nearby. The significant amount of development proposed forresidential growth in the vicinity is likely to influence activity in the Edgeworth Corridorand will lead to significant increase in traffic volumes on Main Road, as may the openingof the Hunter Expressway in 2013. The following summarises development proposed atthe time of this review, thought to impact development (and transport) within the Corridor:1. Cameron Park Residential Subdivision and Pambulong Shopping Centre –this land is just north west of the Corridor and provides for residential and retailgrowth. The subdivision is anticipated to provide 3,000 dwellings in total (approx.2000 lots not yet released).2. Holmesville–- West of the Corridor and just south east of Holmesville is an area ofover 95 ha of land identified originally for industrial /residential growth but nowearmarked for residential development is proposed to accommodate approximately400 dwellings.3. West Wallsend – Adjoining West Wallsend is over 60 ha of land zoned forresidential development. This land known as the ‘Hammersmith land’ is on thesouth and south-western side of George Booth Drive. This land couldaccommodate 400 -500 dwellingsDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 68 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Figure 47: Residential Development near Edgeworth Renewal Corridor4. Neilson Street – this land is adjacent to, and just north of the Edgeworth Corridor.Neilson Street runs through the Study Area. It is zoned for residential developmentand is anticipated to accommodate approximately 100 dwellings (including 30medium density dwellings).5. The Transfield Avenue – The site known as Transfield Avenue is an area ofalmost 38 ha, currently within the Investigation 10 Zone – Urban Conservation.This land is the subject of a request to rezone for residential land use. Issuesrelating to ecological attributes need to be resolved prior to development; however,the site could potentially accommodate 390 additional dwellings.6. The Coal & Allied lands – The Coal & Allied lands are 2km north of the Corridorand comprise approximately 580 ha in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie LGAs.Approximately 500 dwellings could be accommodated in the Lake Macquarie Areaand in total approximately 2,000 dwellings in the two LGAs.7. Xstrata Lands – the site known as the Xstrata land is located on Frederick Streetapproximately 1 km north of the Corridor. This is approximately 75 ha in area thatcould accommodate approximately 500 dwellings.An estimate of the number of additional people that could be accommodated within theareas above is shown in Table 12 and Table 13 above. Table 14 below provides asummary of the residential development anticipated to occur near the EdgeworthCorridor. It includes land already rezoned for residential development as well as land thatis included in the Department of Infrastructure and Planning Urban DevelopmentProgram for investigation for future residential development. It provides an indication ofthe capacity for future growth on land in the area around the Corridor.There is considerable land available for residential development in close proximity toEdgeworth. While the availability of this land will limit the pressure for redevelopment ofthe existing residential areas in the short term, it will provide pressure for redevelopmentin the medium to long term. Particularly as public transport improves (most publictransport servicing the new areas passes through the Corridor), and importantly as landvalues increase in locations closer to services and employment.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 69 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Table 14: Projected Urban Development in and around the CorridorLocation/Area Name Area ha Dev.Area ha.Med DenDwgsTotal DwgsRemainingDwgsHammersmith – West WallsendRobertson StreetWither Street NorthWither St South24.9 124.9 1100 1 100 112.1 1 12.1 1 151 1 15126.5 126.5 1205 1 205George Booth Dr South Hammersmith 2 95.7 1 50 6 500 6 500Northlakes 3 Cameron Park Precinct1,2Northlakes Cameron Park Precincts 3,4 456.2 139.3 1948 1 299 127.76 1 27.76 1 195 1 182 147.1 147.1 1583 1 461 1Minmi RoadCameron Par 1 k - Pambulong Forest 5 95.6 95.6 1559 972 1Transfield Avenue, Edgeworth 6 37.77 1 37.77 1 90 1 390 1 390Frederick Street Xstrata Det 7 35 1 35 1 200 1 500 1 500Newcastle Link Road - Coal & Allied – 270 - - 500 1 500excludes land in NCC LGA 8Total Dwellings 5631 1914Data Source:1 – Data taken from Council’s Urban Development Program (UDP)2 – UDP 2010 identifies this as Residential / Industrial – now considered for residential only. Mines objected todevelopment, leading to delays ( may halt it); other limits include the transmission lines3 – Cameron Park and Minmi Rd have a combined development of approximately 100 lots per year due todevelopers method of release3Site Master Plan4– Precinct 4 is constrained due the identification of an owl buffer within the area5 – D.A approval for retail centre of 17428sq.m of retail space including a D.D.S (7360sq.m),Supermarket(4241sq.m) and 6 speciality stores (5091sq.m)46– Issues to do with the need for offsets is preventing development from proceeding7 – Investigation Zone- Urban. Steep terrain and concern for Flora and Fauna58-- These lands could accommodate 2000 dwellings across Lake Macquarie and Newcastle areas. The landis the subject of a Part 3A ApplicationThere is considerable land available for residential development in close proximity toEdgeworth. While the availability of this land will limit the pressure for redevelopment ofthe existing residential areas in the short term, it will provide pressure for redevelopmentin the medium to long term. Particularly as public transport improves (most publictransport servicing the new areas passes through the Corridor), and importantly as landvalues increase in locations closer to services and employment.8.2.1 CommercialThe Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre is a small shopping and service centre providingconvenience shopping and basic services. Within a short five-minute drive, the growth ofthe following two commercial areas will compete with Edgeworth.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 70 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

8. Cameron Park/ Pambulong Shopping Centre – this land is north west of theCorridor and is zoned for commercial and residential development as part of amixed use development. The proposed development includes a discountdepartment store (7,360 m 2 ), a supermarket (4,241m 2 ), and six specialty stores(over 5,000 m 2 ), totalling almost 17,500 m 2 of retail space.9. The Glendale Regional Centre – this area includes over 30 ha of undevelopedland zoned for commercial development to be zoned B4 mixed use under DraftLMLEP 2013 having long term effects on commercial and residential activity in theEdgeworth Corridor. This area may support an additional 100,000 m 2 retail and.100,000 m 2 office space, depending on market demand and the impact ofconstraints such as mine subsidence. It is difficult to estimate the number ofadditional dwellings as part of mixed-use developments, which could be substantialwhen the Transport Interchange is operational, and over the longer term.Figure 48: Commercial Development near Edgeworth Renewal Corridor8.2.2 IndustrialThe Lake Macquarie Employment Land Study, Dec. 2010 recommends the protection ofindustrial land for local services, noting the importance to maintain the existing industrialprecincts that allow residents easy access to services such as auto repairers. This studyfound the biggest threat to local service employment land to be the creep of bulky goodsretailing into areas such as Edgeworth and Glendale (amongst others).10. Cardiff/ Glendale Industrial area at 112 ha the Cardiff Industrial Estate is thelargest employment precinct in the LGA. It has limited vacant land.11. Pasminco Development Site (Bunderra) This area is 34 ha and is to be releasedwith the Pasminco Development Control Plan finalisation. The Pasminco site iszoned for a variety of land uses including Residential, Commercial, and Industrial.12. Killingworth – the 1,000 ha site just north of Killingworth is long term strategicemployment land located 4.3 km from the Corridor. Within the Lake MacquarieEmployment Lands Study 2010, SGS suggests demand may be insufficient tosupport a large increase in industrial land, but notes, given the size and freewayconnections, it could create its own market. The land requires rezoning and furtherinvestigation including environmental analysis, and thus it is unlikely for thedevelopment to include the entire 1,000 ha identified.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 71 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Discussions with Council’s Economic Development Officer for this Review indicated thatuntil recently, there has been a significant decrease in enquiries for commercial andindustrial land since the onset of the global financial crisis from 2008. This is consistentwith trends in other areas.Figure 49: Industrial Development near Edgeworth Renewal CorridorDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 72 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

9 Edgeworth Renewal Corridor Opportunities and OptionsThis section documents attributes of the Corridor that lead to identifying how they can beused to provide opportunities for improvement. It aims to identify options that areavailable to improve the environment and to assist in the provision of guidance of futuregrowth and development of the Corridor.9.1 Land Use Review - SWOT AnalysisThe SWOT looks at the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of theEdgeworth Renewal Corridor in relation to the review of land uses. The analysis aims toidentify the areas attributes to emphasise or keep and those that may provide opportunityfor improvement.9.1.1 Strengths• The close proximity of important utilities/ services eg the TAFE, Sports centre, F3, Edgeworthand Glendale shopping centres and employment land• The streets are generally wide, relatively flat and have the potential for good pedestrianamenity• The regular grid patterns of the residential areas provide good orientation, legibility, andpermeability.• Slow growth in the area enables incremental change and minimises neighbourhood disruption.• The Corridor forms a strong spine with high transport capacity and accessibility• The Corridor has excellent access to arterial roads, the F3 and the Hunter Expressway.• Considerable passing trade on Main Road for local businesses.• Diversity of businesses and services in the Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre.9.1.2 Weaknesses• Whilst there are a range of commercial and retail facilities there are not many meeting places– it is predominantly take-away or short stop facilities• High volume of traffic on Main Road• Main Road acts as a “divider” of the communities to the north and south.• Limited sense of place with no “gateways”• Most of the local roads in the Corridor are generally not tree lined, frequently without footpathsor cycleway• There is a lack of coherence to the place including a lack of logical connections forpedestrians and cyclists• Strong car dependency limits the feeling of activity and intensity.• Limited sites available for seniors housing complexes, other than small unit developments.• The Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre is divided by Main Road and Minmi Road.• The industrial area is unable to expand.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 73 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

9.1.3 Opportunities• Opportunity to create a gateway with a distinctive entry point to the neighbourhood at theCrossroads and at the Western entry point at Cocked Hat Creek• Due to the closeness of the TAFE and schools, people living in the neighbourhood could walkor cycle to these facilities if the paths were safe, clear and well connected• Maintain low density character of single family homes in the area with well integrated mediumdensity options for a variety of housing choice compatible with the neighbourhood characterand mindful of the potential conflict between different land use zones• Increase pedestrian paths in a variety of settings• Improved external design of streetscape and buildings to increase community identity andaesthetics• Develop seniors housing to provide neighbourhood options as residents grow older.• Provide flexible land use zoning along Main Road that could support and strengthen a rangeof small businesses along the Corridor and a range of housing types just off the corridor inpreferred locations close to public transport• The growth of Cameron Park will provide a potential growing market• Create opportunities for an area that provides the community with a meeting place, possibly inconjunction with a community facility• Create opportunities for more small businesses to serve the area such as a meeting place,e.g., café, eateries, and small commercial operations to provide well priced convenient goodsand services.• Opportunities to enhance the green spaces and street trees throughout the Corridor.• Potential major open space complex to the south, including creek side parklands.9.1.4 Threats• The 70 km /hour speed limit, sparse planting and pedestrian links limit easy pedestrian usealong and across Main Road creates somewhat of a physical barrier for the neighbourhood• Noise and air pollution along the corridor limit the enjoyment of the place (and this is likely toincrease with the anticipated increase in traffic)• Congestion of vehicular traffic where Main Road intersects with Frederick Street, Lake Roadand Minmi Road• The young population means a lack of a mix of ages• In places aging housing stock gives a feeling of a place not progressive or well cared for.• Wide roads encourage higher speeds and many of the local roads are wide• Commercial development at Pambulong and the Glendale Regional Centre may limit growth atthe Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre, and may reduce trade.• Low land values will lead to develop that does not capitalise fully on the area’s potential.• Small strata developments will inhibit land amalgamation and more comprehensive mediumdensity development.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 74 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

9.2 Opportunities / Options for Residential GrowthUnder the existing land use zones the Corridor could potentially provide accommodationfor over 15,500 people compared with an existing population of approximately 4,800people (these figures are not directly comparable because of the differences in censuscollection boundaries and zone boundaries). However, for the most part, the EdgeworthRenewal Corridor has been developed at a low density rate and redevelopment is likelyto be slow because of low land values, a substantial supply of greenfield land supplynearby, small lot sizes making redevelopment difficult in same areas, and more attractiveredevelopment prospects elsewhere, such as Cardiff, and lakeside suburbs. As a resultit is considered that it is realistic to expect around a maximum 5-15% of the potentialredevelopment yield to occur by 2031. This scenario would mean the current zonescould accommodate approximately 600 – 1900 additional people by 2031, with 5%growth being the most likely scenario.A number of options are discussed below in order to explore possible redevelopmentwithin the Corridor. These options consider the major opportunities and constraintsdiscussed in the preceding sections of this Report, and well as those factors summarisedbelow.9.2.1 Outside InfluencesThe major influence on redevelopment in the Edgeworth Renewal Corridor is theproposed and existing development near the Corridor, as described in Section 8.2. Thisincludes:• Residential development at Cameron Park, West Wallsend, Holmesville, TransfieldAvenue, and the Coal and Allied and the Xstrata lands;• Commercial development at Pambulong and Glendale Regional Centre;• Industrial development at Cardiff /Glendale industrial area and Killingworth, and• The relative ease of development on greenfield or brownfield sites compared toland already developed at a low density in the Corridor.Other important influences include:• Traffic growth on Main Road• Land ownership, and• Lot sizes, particularly noting due to the relatively small lot sizes, most residentiallots would require amalgamation with other lots to enable redevelopment formedium density housing.Further investigation could look at ways of strengthening the commercial core of theEdgeworth corridor through appropriate built form that reinforce the neighbourhoodcentre and integrates it better into the surrounding area, such as mixed use developmentalong selected parts of Main Road..9.2.2 Other FactorsFactors to consider when looking at options for the Renewal Corridor include:• The potential for improved views to green space areas through building orientation;Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 75 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

• The need for links and connectivity to important destinations and open space;• Active frontages at ground level and maintain a pedestrian scale to building form;• The existing scale and fine grain subdivision pattern along Main Road, and• The gateway role of the Crossroads and entry point at Cocked Hat Creek asdistinctive entry points.9.2.3 Option 1 – No change (Business as Usual)Option 1 considers no change to current land use zones. It proposes the continuation of“business as usual”, recognising the capacity of the Corridor to take up growth withoutchange to these current residential and commercial areas.Option 1 may unduly constrain development. It could also potentially put pressure on thedevelopment areas in and around the Corridor by limiting redevelopment opportunities.Current land ownership and lot sizes do not facilitate a more dense land use pattern.9.2.4 Option 2 – Limited Medium Density in Small pocketsOption 2 provides for medium density development in limited areas within the Corridor. Itproposes to increase permissible residential density in selected areas, located just offMain Road, but within easy access to it, as a transport spine. By locating mediumdensity areas off Main Road, Option 2 aims to ensure good amenity to these areas ofincreased density.This Option would increase residential capacity of the Corridor. Other permissibledensity levels and zones would be unchanged.The areas proposed for selective medium density development could include thefollowing areas:• Adjacent and surrounding the small park in Johnson Street; between Croudace andThomas Streets• Extend the Medium Density Zone west of Garth Street – to Bonarius Street• Medium density at Mowbray AvenueOption 2 is shown in Figure 50.Figure 50: Indicative Location of Option 2 - Opportunities to ExpandDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 76 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

9.2.5 Option 3 – Medium Density Land Use Zone Along CorridorOption 3 proposes to increase the area where medium density development is permittedresidential land use density along Main Road with no other density or land use zonechanges. This Option would provide a more intensity built form along Main Road withmultistorey buildings. It is likely that such development will not be viable for many years.The Increasing residential densities in an area of low amenity (due to traffic noise, etc.) isa concern. A general indication of Option 3 is shown in Figure 51 below. This Optionwould increase residential capacity of the Corridor.Figure 51 Indicative Location of Option 3 - Opportunities to Expand9.2.6 Option 4 – Medium Density in Small Pockets and Along CorridorOption 4 proposes a combination of Options 2 and 3. That is, a combination of discretepockets of medium density developments within the Corridor and a medium density zonefor the full length of the Corridor. This Option would increase residential capacity of theCorridor more than Options 2 and 3.Option 4 is shown in Figure 52 below.Figure 52: Indicative Location of Option 4 - Opportunities to ExpandDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 77 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

9.2.7 Option 5 Medium Density in Select Locations and Small Business AlongMain RoadOption 5 is a combination of Option 2, with select areas along Main Road zoned mixeduse, albeit with a commercial floorspace limit. This limit is to facilitate small businessgrowth and maintain the function of the Corridor, but to constraint the intrusion for largercommercial uses beyond the B1 and B4 zoned areas proposed in the Draft LMLEP 2013.Option 5 seeks to encourage medium density residential development in suitablelocations with higher amenity and good proximity to Main Road. This option reinforcesthe existing growth of small businesses and professional suites along Main Road. It takesadvantage of the high visibility for business located along Main Road, in an environmentthat presents amenity issues for residences. Option 5 is shown in Figure 53 below.Figure 53 Option 5 Select medium density and small business development9.2.8 Options Analysis – Residential CapacityThe five land use options discussed above provide a combination of changes to land usezones. This included increasing some of the densities possible for some residentialareas, and additional mixed use land that would enable a combination of commercial andresidential land use. Each option provides various combinations of these changes whilstOption 1 is a ‘business as usual’ scenario.Table 15 provides a comparative analysis of the potential development yield and theresultant population for each of the five options. Option 1 reflects the proposed zoningunder the draft LMLEP 2013. The area is currently occupied by 1487 dwellings, howeverits maximum yield is 19226 dwellings. The main reason for the difference is that the B1and B4 zones have a collective potential of over 14,000 dwellings under the planningguidelines, however they contain only 29 dwellings. Furthermore, there are 248 dwellingsin the B3 zoned area which has a development potential of 3146 dwellings. Land values,development viability and market demand all contribute to the land being developedbelow its ultimate potential.The additional development potential for each Option is shown in Table 12. It can beseen that each of the Options progressively contains greater development potential, up to11.3% additional dwellings in Option 5 relative to Option 1 (the base case).In practice, the B3 zoned areas are likely to be more conducive to incremental mediumdensity development, while the B1 and B4 areas tend to be a comprised larger sites, andDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 78 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

in the case of the Edgeworth Neighbourhood Centre occupied by a internalised shoppingmall that would require a large scale redevelopment to accommodate multistorey mixeduse residential development. It can be concluded that the 2337 additional dwellings or4425 people possible under the most intensive option , Option 5, are unlikely to lead to“overdevelopment” relative to the what is possible under the Draft LMLEP 2013 (or theexisting LMLEP 2004).Table 15: Estimated Residential CapacityProportion of max yieldOptionNo.dwellingsmax yieldNo.peoplemax.res.yieldLow Medium HighActualdwellings2011ExistingPeople2011Additionaldwellingcapacityrelative toOption 15% 10% 15%1DraftLMLEP201319226 39313 1966 3931 5897 1487 3936 0.0%2 Additional 1058 1983 99 198 297 5.0%3 Additional 1737 3255 163 325 488 8.3%4 Additional 2072 3883 194 388 582 9.9%5 Additional 2337 4425 221 443 664 11.3%Assumptions: 2.5 people per detached dwelling, 2.0 people per medium densitydwelling. An average of 450 sq m of land per dwelling in the R2 zone. An averagedwelling size of 77 sq metres in the R3, B1 and B4 zones. An average of 2 storeys ofresidential development in the R3 and B1 zones, and a1.5 storeys in the B4 zone.Assumes all zones are developed “evenly”, ie. lot size and existing development are notconsidered as constraints to maximum potential yield.Keeping the principles of utilising the corridor as a transport spine but recognising theimportance of residential amenity and the function of the corridor, Option 5 is thepreferred option. The principles of this option can be summarised as follows:• Option 5 increases residential areas where residential amenity is good and goodproximity to the Corridor as a transport spine;• Option 5 increases the flexibility of land use options along the corridor to enable a mixof uses that could benefit from the high visibility exposure.• Option 5 includes a commercial floor space limit is proposed to facilitate smallbusiness and maintain the function of the Corridor as a major transport spine.• Option 5 supports commercial flexibility whilst avoiding competition with theEdgeworth neighbourhood centre.9.2.9 Options Analysis – Evaluation MatrixThe evaluation matrix is provided in full as Appendix 1 and Table 16 below provides asummary. Each option has been given a score (1-10) representing the extent to whichthat option met particular attributes for land use. The attributes considered includedDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 79 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

housing choice, affordability, the centres hierarchy, the character of the area, naturalenvironment and proximity to services and infrastructure available.This is a comparison of the options through a rough measurement of these variousaspects of the development options.Table 16: Summary of Land Use Evaluation MatrixScore for Each OptionAttribute Measured for Each Option 1 2 3 4 5Housing affordability is maintained or improved 5 6 6 6 6Housing Choice 5 6 6 7 7Residential amenity is maintained or improved 5 6 6 6 7Facilitates active transport (cycling andwalking)5 6 6 7 6Facilitates public transport usage 5 6 7 7 6Encourages economic activity 5 6 6 6 7Diversifies economic activity 5 6 6 6 7Supports existing or planned activity centres 5 6 6 6 6Land capability (physical) is suitable for theproposed development5 5 5 5 5Biodiversity impacts are minimal or positive 5 5 5 5 5Water management impacts are acceptable 5 5 5 5 5Existing infrastructure capacity is adequate 5 5 5 5 5Achieves an improved sense of place 5 6 5 6 6Good access to open space 5 5 5 5 5Good access to community facilities 5 6 6 6 6Consistent with Lifestyle 2030 5 5 5 5 5Consistent with LHRS 5 5 5 5 5Total 85 95 95 98 999.2.10 Preferred Option for Urban Growth within the CorridorThis analysis has found Option 5 to be the preferred option for the future of theEdgeworth Renewal Corridor.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 80 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

10 Strategy Development and Assessment10.1 Strategy ObjectivesThis Report has found that:• Planning needs to minimise the conflict between the amenity of the communitiesalong the Corridor and the role of the Corridor as a free flowing arterial road• The Corridor offers a wide range of housing types for different needs, howeverthere are economic and practical constraints to more intensive redevelopment inthe short to medium term.• There may be value in locating any additional housing away from Main Road onresidential streets, or using business premises as “buffers”, on amenity grounds• It is important to maintain a pedestrian scale to building form• There is a need provide support for the anticipated growth of the Corridor througha safe continuous pedestrian and cycleway network to important destinations• Redevelopment of the Corridor provides opportunities for growth in a way thattakes advantage of the public transport network but only if improvements aremade to the public transport system.• The Corridor has little sense of place, and streetscape improvements ,including“gateways” at entries to the Corridor and to the Neighbourhood Centre, areneeded.These objectives are used as the basis for the improvement options outlined below.10.2 Land Use StrategyThe foregoing suggests the following land use strategy conclusions:• There is potential to increase residential densities within the Corridor. However,there is unlikely to be a rapid take up of these opportunities because of economicviability- land values are insufficient to encourage development, particular whenlot amalgamations are necessary.• The land use zoning of light industrial area is appropriate – it provides a usefulrole in providing a diverse economic base for the Corridor• There is sufficient commercially zoned land. The biggest challenge for theNeighbourhood Centre will be to meet the completion provided by the proposedPambulong shopping centre and the Glendale Regional Centre.• There is a steady growth of small professional suites and home businesses alongMain Road. This could be nurtured by providing a mixed use zoning over the areato permit business development up to a given floorspace limit- for example, 150sq metres maximum.The above strategies can play a role in an integrated approach to meeting thecommunity’s land use needs whilst recognising the importance of the performance of theroad network.The outcomes of this study will be used for further investigation into the transportnetwork, which will be considering the circulation of vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclewaytraffic.Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 81 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Appendix 1: Land Use Options Evaluation MatrixOption1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5Housingaffordabilityis maintainedor improvedEnables moderatelypricedhousing.Rating 5Enables moderatelypricedhousingsupplementedby an increaseof options tosupply smallerdwellings(lower cost)mediumdensity.Rating 6Enables moderatelypricedhousing. Increasedsupplyof smaller(lower cost)medium densitydwellings.Mild increasein land valuespossible dueto greater redevelopmentpotential.Enables moderatelypricedhousing. Increasedsupplyof smaller(lower cost)medium densitydwellings.Mild increasein land valuespossible dueto greater redevelopmentpotential.Enables moderatelypricedhousing. Increasedsupplyof smaller(lower cost)medium densitydwellings.Mild increasein land valuespossible dueto greater redevelopmentpotential.Rating 6Rating 6Rating 6Housingchoice isimprovedProvides forlimited mediumdensitydevelopmentRating 5Provides formediumdensitydevelopmentRating 6Provides formediumdensitydevelopmentRating 6Provides formediumdensitydevelopmentRating 7Provides formedium densitydevelopmentand live/work housingRating 7Residentialamenity ismaintainedor improvedNo changeRating 5Increase inoptions formediumdensity developmentandstreetscapeimprovementsIncreasedmedium densitydevelopmentalongbusy Main Rd.Rating 6Increase inoptions formediumdensity developmentandstreetscapeimprovementsIncreasedmedium densitydevelopmentalongbusy Main Rd.Rating 6Increase inoptions formediumdensity developmentandstreetscapeimprovements. Increasedmedium densitydevelopmentalongbusy Main Rd.Rating 6Increasedoptions formedium densitydevelopmentandstreetscapeimprovement.Focusses onmedium densitydevelopmentoff MainRd, with smallscale workplaces onbusy Main Rda “buffer” toresidences.Rating 7Facilitatesactivetransport(cycling andwalking)Area needsimprovedpedestrianand cyclenetwork.Area needsimprovedpedestrianand cyclenetwork.Area needsimprovedpedestrianand cyclenetwork.Area needsimprovedpedestrianand cyclenetwork.Area needsimprovedpedestrianand cyclenetwork.Redevelopments94contributionshelp financepedestrianand cyclenetworkimprovementsIncreased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance pedestrianandcycle networkimprovementsIncreased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance pedestrianandcycle networkimprovementsIncreased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance pedestrianandcycle networkimprovementsIncreased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance pedestrianandcycle networkimprovementsFocuses redevelopmentnear servicecentres andFocuses increasedredevelopmentnear serviceFocusesincreasedredevelopment near serviceFocuses furtherincreasedredevelopment near serviceFocusesincreasedredevelopment near serviceDraft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 82 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

along transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 5centres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 6centres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 6centres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 7centres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 6FacilitatespublictransportusageArea needsimproved busservices.Focuses newdevelopmentnear servicecentres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Area needsimproved busservices.Focuses newdevelopmentnear servicecentres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Area needsimproved busservices.Focuses newdevelopmentnear servicecentres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Area needsimproved busservices.Focuses newdevelopmentnear servicecentres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Area needsimproved busservices.Focuses newdevelopmentnear servicecentres andalong transportspine(Main Rd).Rating 5Supports increasedpopulationmaking publictransport moreviable.Supportsincreasedpopulationmaking publictransport moreviable.Supports furtherincreasedpopulationmaking publictransport moreviable.Supportsincreasedpopulationmaking publictransport moreviable.Rating 6Rating 7Rating 7Rating 6EncourageseconomicactivityIncreasedpopulation willsupport localservices andshops.Increasedpopulation willsupport localservices andshops.Increasedpopulation willsupport localservices andshops.Increasedpopulation willsupport localservices andshops.Increasedpopulation willsupport localservices andshops.Rating 5Rating 6Rating 6Rating 6Enables moresmall scalebusiness a-long Main Rd.Rating 7DiversifieseconomicactivityIncreasedpopulation willsupport agreater rangeof local servicesand shopsIncreasedpopulation willsupport agreater rangeof local servicesand shopsIncreasedpopulation willsupport agreater rangeof local servicesand shopsIncreasedpopulation willsupport agreater rangeof local servicesand shopsIncreasedpopulation willsupport agreater rangeof local servicesand shops.Rating 5Rating 6Rating 6Rating 6Enables moresmall scalebusiness a-long Main Rd.Rating 7Supportsexisting orplannedactivitycentresPotential redevelopmenttosupport existingservicecentres.Rating 5Potential increasedredevelopmentfocused onexisting servicecentres.Rating 6Potential increasedredevelopmentfocused onexisting servicecentres.Rating 6Potential increasedredevelopmentfocused onexisting servicecentres.Rating 6Potential increasedredevelopmentfocused onexisting servicecentres.Rating 6Physical landcapability issuitable forthe proposeddevelopmentFlood affectssome redevelopmentareas.Rating 5Flood affectssome redevelopmentareas.Rating 5Flood affectssome redevelopmentareas.Rating 5Flood affectssome redevelopmentareas.Rating 5Flood affectssome redevelopmentareas.Rating 5Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 83 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Biodiversityimpacts areminimal orpositiveMinimalimpact.The Strategyrecommendsrestoration ofriparian areas.Minimalimpact.The Strategyrecommendsrestoration ofriparian areasMinimalimpact.The Strategyrecommendsrestoration ofriparian areasMinimalimpact.The Strategyrecommendsrestoration ofriparian areasMinimalimpact.The Strategyrecommendsrestoration ofriparian areasRating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Watermanagementimpacts areacceptableRedevelopment will improveonsite stormwatermanagement.Redevelopment will improveonsite stormwatermanagement.Redevelopment will improveonsite stormwatermanagement.Redevelopment will improveonsite stormwatermanagement.Redevelopment will improveonsite stormwatermanagement.The Strategyrecommendsimprovementsto the stormwatersystemusing WSUDThe Strategyrecommendsimprovementsto the stormwatersystemusing WSUDThe Strategyrecommendsimprovementsto the stormwatersystemusing WSUDThe Strategyrecommendsimprovementsto the stormwatersystemusing WSUDThe Strategyrecommendsimprovementsto the stormwatersystemusing WSUDRating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Existinginfrastructurecapacity isadequateRoad capacityis adequate.Reticulatedsewerage andwater servicesare adequateRoad capacityis adequate.Reticulatedsewerage andwater servicesare adequateRoad capacityis adequate.Reticulatedsewerage andwater servicesare adequateRoad capacityis adequate.Reticulatedsewerage andwater servicesare adequateRoad capacityis adequate.Reticulatedsewerage andwater servicesare adequateElectricitysupply isadequate.Electricitysupply isadequate.Electricitysupply isadequate.Electricitysupply isadequate.Electricitysupply isadequate.Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Achieves animprovedsense ofplaceIncreasesresidentialdensitiesaround theCrossroadsand EdgeworthNeighbourhood centre,accordinglyincreases thedistinctivenessof theseplaces relativeto the balanceof theCorridor.Rating 5Provides additionalmediumdensitydevelopmentnear Edgeworthneighbourhoodcentre whichwill furtherreinforce itscharacterrelative to thebalance of theCorridor.Plans for distinctivemediumdensitydevelopmentsurroundingthe EdgeworthNeighbourhoodCentre.Rating 6Provides formedium densitydevelopmentalongmuch of MainRd. thus distinctiveactivitynodes will notbe highlightedby theincreasing developmentintensitythatresults frommedium densitydevelopment.Rating 5Provides higherconcentrationof mediumdensitydevelopmentclose to theEdgeworthNeighbourhood centre, butintensificationwill not be apparentfromMain Rd,which will besubject to mediumdensitydevelopmentfor much of itslength.Enables distinctivemediumdensitydevelopmentsupporting theEdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Creates a distinctivecharacteralongMain Roadbetween theCrossroads /EdgeworthNeighbourhoodcentre,in the form ofmixed uselive/workdevelopments.Provides additionalmediumdensity developmentnearthe EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Rating 6Rating 6Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 84 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013

Good accessto openspaceOpen Spaceis within 400mof the RenewalCorridor.The activeand passiveopen spacearea associatedwith Edgeworthwill beincreased inthe mediumterm.Open Spaceis within 400mof the RenewalCorridor.The activeand passiveopen spacearea associatedwith Edgeworthwill beincreased inthe mediumterm.Open Spaceis within 400mof the RenewalCorridor.The activeand passiveopen spacearea associatedwith Edgeworthwill beincreased inthe mediumterm.Open Spaceis within 400mof the RenewalCorridor.The activeand passiveopen spacearea associatedwith Edgeworthwill beincreased inthe mediumterm.Open Spaceis within 400mof the RenewalCorridor.The activeand passiveopen spacearea associatedwith Edgeworthwill beincreased inthe mediumterm.Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Rating 5Good accesstocommunityfacilitiesEdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Includes acommunitycentre, libraryand school.Additionalschools arelocated eitherend of theCorridor.EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Includes acommunitycentre, libraryand school.Additionalschools arelocated eitherend of theCorridor.A communitycentre, libraryand schoolare located atthe EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Additionalschools arelocated at theends of theCorridor.A communitycentre, libraryand schoolare located atthe EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Additionalschools arelocated at theends of theCorridor.A communitycentre, libraryand schoolare located atthe EdgeworthNeighbourhood Centre.Additionalschools arelocated at theends of theCorridor.Redevelopment s94 contributionshelpfinance communityfacilityimprovementsRating 5Increased redevelopments94 contribubutionshelpfinance communityfacilityimprovementsRating 6Increased redevelopments94 contribubutionshelpfinance communityfacilityimprovementsRating 6Increased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance communityfacilityimprovementsRating 6Increased redevelopments94 contributionshelpfinance communityfacilityimprovementsRating 6Consistentwith Lifestyle2030YesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5Consistentwith LHRSYesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5YesRating 5Draft Land Use Review – Edgeworth Renewal Corridor – Version 2 Page 85 of 85F2011/00577/06/08 – May 2013