A Preliminary Wildlife and Habitat Survey of the Proposed Northern ...

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4.3.3 Threats to ReptilesReptiles in Lao are collected for food and medicine. There is a growing trade in reptilesbetween Lao and Viet Nam. Harvest should be limited and all trade should be strictlymonitored, if it is to be allowed at all.5. DiscussionThe area surveyed contains populations of 28 Key Species of birds and 15 Key Species ofmammals, the most important of which are Crested Argus and Saola. NTX and NGA togethermay harbor the largest population in the world of Saola, one of the least known and mostendangered large mammals. NTX has the highest density yet found in Lao of Crested Argus,one of the world’s rarest and least known large pheasants. In addition, NTX harbors arestricted forest type, Wet Evergreen, and a highly restricted and economically-valuable treespecies, Fokienia cypress.Wildlife in these areas are currently under threat from hunting, shifting cultivation, logging,road building, and possibly the proposed Nam Theun 3 hydropower project. Consequently,NTX should be added to NNT as currently proposed. Doing so would also link four protectedareas along the Lao/Viet Nam border and provide the potential to create a globally importanttransboundary reserve. In addition, all other Saola habitat outside of NTX between NNT andNCN, i.e., the area encompassed by NGA, should be managed specifically for the protectionof Saola. This area includes many villages and large areas of disturbed land, and so theprotected area will need a different set of guidelines regarding hunting, cultivation etc. thando the NBCAs. It is imperative that the entire area be set aside because of the tiny worldrange of Saola and the animal’s rarity. It should also be managed as a whole instead of assmall reserves for the disjunct Saola populations that are thought to remain. In the future thereversion of cultivated land into areas suitable for the Saola would be desirable.The Crested Argus population is probably not in such immediate danger as long as itspreferred habitat of Evergreen Forest on hill slopes remains intact and relatively undisturbed.Immediate restrictions on the hunting and capture for the wildlife trade of Saola, CrestedArgus, and other Key Species should be imposed.The cutting of Fokienia trees needs investigation into means of making the harvestsustainable, if this has not been done already. The species is rare, of high economic value,and may be at risk of being lost from Lao if logging is not carefully planned.Due to restrictions placed on this survey, further studies of the fauna and flora of NTX andNGA are strongly recommended. Furthermore, management of NGA for the conservation ofSaola should be planned and implemented as quickly as possible. This may bear on theprospect for global survival of the species.34
ReferencesBerkmüller, K., Southammakoth, S. and Vene Vongphet. 1995. Protected Area System Planning andManagement in Lao PDR: Status Report to mid-1995. Vientiane: unpubl. report to Lao-SwedishForestry Cooperation Programme.Collar, N. J., Crosby, M. J. and Stattersfield, A. J. 1994. Birds to Watch 2: The World List ofThreatened Birds. Cambridge, U.K.: BirdLife International (Conservation Series No. 4).Duckworth, J. W. 1994. Field sightings of the Pygmy Loris, Nycticebus pygmaeus, inLaos. Folia Primatol. 63: 99-101.Duckworth, J. W. 1996. Conservation Concerns in the Vientiane Forestry CollegeTraining and Model Forest, Sang Thong District, Vientiane Municipality, Laos. DongDok, Laos: unpublished report to the Lao-German Forestry Team.Duckworth, J. W., Timmins, R. J., Thewlis, R. M., Evans, T. D. and Anderson, G. Q. A. 1994.Field observations of mammals in Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 42: 25-53.Duckworth, J. W., Evans, T. D., Robichaud, W. G., Thewlis, R. M., Timmins, R. J. and Tizard, R. J.in prep. Ornithological records from Laos, 1994-1995. Forktail.Ernst, C. H. and Barbour, R. W. 1989. The Turtles of The World. Washington D.C. and London.Smithsonian Institution Press.Francis, C. M., Khounboline, K., Aspey, N. 1996. Report on 1996 survey of bats and small mammalsin the Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA and nearby areas. unpublished report to the WCS Lao Program.Groombridge, B. 1993. The 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland, Switzerland andCambridge, UK: IUCN.King, B. F., Woodcock, M. and Dickinson, E. C. 1975. A Field Guide to the Birds of South-EastAsia. London: Collins.Lambert, F. R., Eames, J. C. and Nguyen Cu 1994. Surveys for Endemic Pheasants in the AnnameseLowlands of Viet Nam, June-July, 1994: Status of and Conservation Recommendations forVietnamese Pheasant Lophura hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis. IUCN SpeciesSurvival Commission. IUCN, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.Lekagul, B. and Round, P. D. 1991. A Guide to the Birds of Thailand. Bangkok: Saha Karn Bhaet.Nowak, R. M. and Paradiso, J. L. 1991. Walker’s Mammals of The World. 5th ed. Baltimore. TheJohns Hopkins University Press.Osgood, W. H. 1932. Mammals of the Kelley-Roosevelts and Delacour Asiatic Expeditions. Chicago.Field museum of Natural History.Salter, R. E. 1993. Wildlife in Lao PDR. A Status Report. Vientiane: IUCN.Schaller, G. and Rabinowitz, A. 1994. The saola or spindlehorn bovid Pseudoryx nghetinhensis inLaos. Oryx 29: 107-114.Schaller, G. 1995. A Wildlife Survey in the Annamite Mountains of Laos. Vientiane: unpublishedtrip report to The Wildlife Conservation Society.Thewlis, R. C. M., Duckworth, J. W., Evans T. D. and Timmins, R. J. in prep. The status andconservation of threatened birds in Laos: a preliminary assessment based upon recent surveys.Timmins, R. J. and Evans, T. D. 1994. Wildlife and habitat survey of the Nam Theun NationalBiodiversity Conservation Area. Vientiane: draft report to the National Office for NatureConservation and Watershed Management.Treesucon, U. and Round, P. D. 1990. Report on threatened birds in Thailand. Tigerpaper 17: 1-9.Wildlife Conservation Society. 1995a. A preliminary wildlife and habitat assessment of the NamTheun 2 hydropower project area. Vientiane: unpublished report to the Committee for Planningand Cooperation of the Government of the Lao P.D.R. and the Project Development Group of theNam Theun 2 Hydropower project.Wildlife Conservation Society. 1995b. A survey of terrestrial wildlife in the area to be affected bythe proposed Xe Nam Noy - Xe Pian Hydroelectric Project. Vientiane: unpublished report to theCommittee for Planning and Cooperation of the Government of the Lao P.D.R. and ElectrowattEngineering Services.35
Page 1 and 2: A Preliminary Wildlife and Habitat
Page 3: 5. DiscussionReferencesAnnexes4.2.3
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