Nicola Dickmann: - LIS

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children and uses the options provided by the long parental leave. A parental wagewould foster these long absences from work even more and hence prevent anadaptation of the income situation of families to childless couples. It is thereforequestionable if this would be a good way to help families and fertility in the long run, aswell trained women might anticipate their individual losses through the long absence andchoose a life without children.A better conciliation of working life and family could instead ease the natural trade offsbetween time at work and time for the family. Better child care facilities, flexible workinghours and a more equal distribution of the work in the household between husband andwife could improve the economic situation of families and meet the desires of youngwomen to work and have a family at the same time. The decision to have childrenshould of course remain with the couple. Backed by labour market arguments the state,however, could set the right frames to give most young women incentives to work andhave children at the same time.REFERENCESAbramovici, Gérard, 2003, Social protection: Cash family benefits in Europe. In: Eurostat(Editor): Statistics in focus. Population and social conditions, Theme 3 – 19/2003.LuxembourgBecker, Gary S., 1960, An economic analyses of fertility, in: National Bureau ofEconomic Research (Editor): Demographic and economic change in developedcountries, Princeton, p. 209-231.Birg, Herwig, 2001, Die demographische Zeitenwende. Der Bevölkerungsrückgang inDeutschland und Europa. München.Blau, David M., 2002, The child care problem. An economic analysis. New York.Bradshaw, Jonathan / Finch, Naomi, 2003, Child benefit packages in 22 countries.Paper presented at the 4 th international research Conference on Social Security.Internet: http://www.issa.int/pdf/anvers03/topic2/2bradshaw.pdfDickmann, Nicola, 2003, Demographischer Wandel – Geburtenraten im internationalenVergleich, in: iw-trends, Vierteljahreszeitschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung,30. Jg., No. 1. p. 45-5613
Eggen, Bernd, 1997, Einkommenslagen und wirtschaftlich schwierige Situation vonEhepaaren ohne Kinder und mit Kindern in Ost- und Westdeutschland. In: SozialerFortschritt No. 3. p. 68-74.European Union, 2001, Europäische Sozialstatistik Bevölkerung. Luxembourg.Forssén, Katja, 1998, Child poverty and family policy in OECD countries. LIS workingpaper No. 178. Luxembourg.Grünheid, Evelyn, 2003, Junge Frauen in Deutschland – Hohe Ausbildung contraKinder?, in: Mitteilungen des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 24. Jg., No.1, p. 9-15.Harkness, Susan / Waldfogel, Jane, 1999, The Family Gap in pay: evidence from sevenindustrialised countries. LIS working paper No. 219. Luxembourg.Kirner, Ellen / Schwarze, Johannes, 1996, Zur Einkommenssituation undEinkommensverwendung von Familien mit jüngeren Kindern. In: DIW Vierteljahresheftezur Wirtschaftsforschung, p. 190-208.Klein, Thomas, 1989, Bildungsexpansion und Geburtenrückgang. Einekohortenbezogene Analyse zum Einfluss veränderter bildungsbeteiligung auf die Geburtvon Kindern im Lebensverlauf. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für soziologie und sozialpsychologie,Jg. 41. p. 483-503.Middendorff, Elke, 2003, Kinder eingeplant? Lebensentwürfe Studierender und ihreEinstellung zum Studium mit Kind. Befunde einer Begragung des HISBUS-Online-Panels im November/Dezember 2002. HIS-Kurzinformationen April 2003, Hannover.OECD, 2003, Labour Market Statistics. Online data.http://www1.oecd.org/scripts/cde/default.aspOffice for national Statistics, 2003, Online data. http://www.statistics.gov.ukSchwarz, Karl, 1999, Bedeutung des Haushaltseinkommens für die Zahl der Kinder derEhen mit abgeschlossener Familienbildung in den alten Bundesländern 1997. In:Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Jg. 24, No. 3, p. 365-371.Schwarz, Karl, 2000, Aufforderung an die Demographen zum Einstieg in dieBevölkerungspolitik. In: Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft Jg. 25, No. 3-4, p. 431-440.Smeeding, Timothy / Ross, Katherin / England, Paula / Christopher, Karen / McLanahan,Sara, 1999, Poverty and parenthood across modern nations: Finding from theLuxembourg Income Study. LIS working paper No. 194. Luxembourg.14
Page 1 and 2: Luxembourg Income StudyWorking Pape
Page 3 and 4: The paper is organised as follows:
Page 5 and 6: question, the level of childless wo
Page 8 and 9: childless couples in any income cla
Page 10 and 11: incomes in the United States in com
Page 12 and 13: Germany. The comparatively very hig
Page 16 and 17: Stutzer, Erich, 2000, Einkommensver
Page 18 and 19: Table 2. Income and Fertility aroun
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2. Income of families and ch
Page 22 and 23: Figure 3. Personal income of wives
Page 24: Table 4: Work force participation o

Nicola Dickmann: - LIS

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