Thesis title: âThe development of community-based ecotourism - lumes

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37tourism, and hence, they should not be viewed as such. They rather constitute a toolthat, if used appropriately and combined with other mechanisms such as regulations,education and proper land-use planning, may benefit the natural environment, the hostcommunities as well as the tourism businesses. Nevertheless, this means that the valueof ecolabelled products and services in contradistinction to the non-labelled onesshould be made clear both within the tourism industry and among consumers. In thecase of Greece, in particular, further studies that investigate and highlight thedifferences between certified and non-certified tourism products and services are animperative. Without them, both the meaning and the success of certification schemesand ecolabels would be very limited. Another field that requires extensive study inGreece is the one concerning public attitudes for tourism certification and demand.This type of research can help reveal important information useful for outlining theprofile of the Greek consumer and for clarifying public opinions towards tourismecolabels. This knowledge is necessary in order to investigate actual tourism trendsand identify the potential response of the Greek consumers to certification schemesand other issues related to sustainable tourism planning and management.Further research is also needed in developing indicators concerning tourismsustainability in national parks and other protected areas in Greece. So far, theexisting research on issues such as carrying capacity of national parks and protectedareas in Greece is insufficient. However, it is impossible even to discuss tourismsustainability if the boundaries of what is or is not sustainable are not accuratelydetermined and set in practice. The difficulty, in this case, lies in the fact that there isnot one single answer of what is sustainable tourism that could be true for all areasand ecosystems, therefore, special research should be conducted in order to come upwith indicators of sustainability for every area separately. This kind of study shouldbe as comprehensive as possible and not only examine the physical and ecologicalparameters of the ecosystem’s carrying capacity, but take into consideration its socioeconomicand cultural aspects as well.Finally, the results and conclusions derived from the case study presented inchapter 6 indicate that there are, indeed, efficient and sustainable ways of preservingthe natural environment and cultural heritage of sensitive areas such as Zagori, whileat the same time, stimulating their economic development and social well-being. Thechallenge lies in convincing all the stakeholders to work together in this direction.
388. LIST OF REFERENCESBendell, J. & Font, X. (2004). Which Tourism Rules? Green Standards and GATS.Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 139–156.Blamey, R. K. (2001). Principles of Ecotourism. In D. B. Weaver (Ed.), TheEncyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 5-22). Oxon and Cambridge: CABI.Bramwell, B. (2004). Mass Tourism, Diversification and Sustainability in SouthernEurope’s Coastal Regions. In B. Bramwell (Ed.), Coastal Mass Tourism –Diversification and Sustainable Development in Southern Europe (pp. 1-31).Clevedon: Channel View.Brandon, K. & Margoluis, R. (1996). Structuring Ecotourism Success: Framework forAnalysis. Unpublished Paper Presented at “The Ecotourism Equation:Measuring the Impacts”, International Society of Tropical Foresters YaleUniversity, April 12-14, 1996 New Haven, Connecticut.Buckley, R. C. (2001) Major Issues in Tourism Ecolabelling (pp. 19-26) / Turnoverand Trends in Tourism Ecolabels (pp.189-212). In X. Font and R. C. Buckley(Eds.), Tourism Ecolabelling – Certification and Promotion of SustainableManagement. Oxon and New York: CABI.Buckley, R. C. (2002). Tourism Ecolabels. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 29, No.1, pp. 183–208.Buckley, R. C. (2004). Impacts Positive and Negative: Links Between Ecotourismand Environment. In R. C. Buckley (Ed.), Environmental Impacts ofEcotourism (pp. 5-14). Oxfordshire and Cambridge: CABI.Buhalis, D. (2001). Tourism in Greece: Strategic Analysis and Challenges. CurrentIssues in Tourism, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 440-480.Buhalis, D. & Diamantis, D. (2001). Tourism Development and Sustainability in theGreek Archipelagos. In D. Ioannides, Y. Apostolopoulos and S. Sonmez(Eds.), Mediterranean Islands and Sustainable Tourism Development –Practices, Management and Policies (pp. 143-170). London and New York:Continuum.Ceballos – Lascuráin, H. (1993). Ecotourism as a Worldwide Phenomenon. In K.Lindberg and D. Hawkins (Eds.), Ecotourism – A Guide for Planners andManagers Vol. 1 (pp. 12-14). Vermont: The Ecotourism Society.Ceballos-Lascuráin, H. (1996). Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas.Switzerland and UK: IUCN.Chatziathanassiou et al. (2004). Environmental Initiatives in the Hotel Sector inGreece: Case Study of the “Green Flags” Project. In B. Bramwell (Ed.),Coastal Mass Tourism – Diversification and Sustainable Development inSouthern Europe (pp. 249-268). Clevedon: Channel View.Chester, G. & Crabtree, A. (2002). Australia: the Nature and EcotourismAccreditation Programme. In M. Honey (Ed.), Ecotourism & Certification –Setting Standards in Practice (pp. 161-185). Washington-Covelo-London:Island Press.Dawson, C. P. (2001). Ecotourism and Nature-based Tourism: One End of theTourism Opportunity Spectrum? In S. F. McCool and R. N. Moisey (Eds.),Tourism, Recreation and Sustainability – Linking Culture and theEnvironment (pp. 41-54). Oxon and New York: CABI.Diamantis, D. (1998). Consumer Behavior and Ecotourism Products, Annals ofTourism Research, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 515-528
Page 1 and 2: Tourism Certification and Community
Page 3 and 4: 2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to ta
Page 5 and 6: 41. INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHO
Page 7 and 8: 6operate for six months every year
Page 9 and 10: 8and tackled immediately, the futur
Page 11 and 12: 10Many scholars have also attempted
Page 13 and 14: In addition, sustainable tourism co
Page 15 and 16: 14creating a stronger brand that is
Page 17 and 18: 16In an attempt to acquire a deeper
Page 19 and 20: 18such as land use and biodiversity
Page 21 and 22: 20The CST is mainly a performance-b
Page 23 and 24: 22in Costa Rica. As tourism experts
Page 25 and 26: 24Tourist SpendingDirectImpactsTour
Page 27 and 28: 26economic well-being constitutes a
Page 29 and 30: 28policies and oversee the general
Page 31 and 32: scientific research regarding topic
Page 33 and 34: 32economic benefits will be generat
Page 35 and 36: 34This task is far from simple; it
Page 37: 36mechanisms such as tourism certif
Page 41 and 42: Issaverdis, J. P. (2001). The Pursu
Page 43 and 44: 42and Sustainability - Linking Cult
Page 45 and 46: 44IIA. MAP OF EPIRUS(Source: www.al
Page 47 and 48: 46III. CHECKLIST FOR ECOTOURISM PRO
Page 49: 48Part III. Economicopportunities f

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