The right to education - Asia Pacific Knowledge Base on Open and ...

126World <strong>education</strong> reportTable 9. Tertiary <strong>education</strong>: studentsand graduates by broad field of study, 1996Percentage of students (and graduates) by field ofstudy. Enrolment in tertiary <strong>education</strong>, in the broadfield of study specified, expressed as a percentageof the <strong>to</strong>tal enrolment in tertiary <strong>education</strong>. Figuresin parentheses refer <strong>to</strong> graduates. <strong>The</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal may notadd <strong>to</strong> 100 per cent due <strong>to</strong> ‘other’ or ‘unspecified’fields. <strong>The</strong> distribution is shown only for countrieswhere the percentage of students in ‘other’ or‘unspecified’ fields is less than 25 per cent.Percentage of female students in each field of study.Number of female students in each broad field ofstudy, expressed as a percentage of the <strong>to</strong>tal (maleand female) enrolment in the field specified.Gender segregation index. This index is defined as thepercentage of all persons enrolled in tertiary <strong>education</strong>who would need <strong>to</strong> change their field of studyif the ratio of females <strong>to</strong> males were <strong>to</strong> be the samein all fields of study, assuming that in each field ofstudy there is no change in the <strong>to</strong>tal enrolment. <strong>The</strong>index shown in this table is calculated on the basisof enrolments in the five broad fields of studymentioned below, plus the residual field ‘other’.<strong>The</strong> index is calculated only for countries wherethe percentage of students in ‘other’ is less than25 per cent.For an explanation of the calculation of thisindex, see Appendix I of the World Education Report1995.ISCED fields of study are grouped in<strong>to</strong> the followingbroad fields of study:Education: <strong>education</strong> science and teacher training.Humanities: humanities; fine and applied arts; religionand theology.Law and social sciences: law; social and behaviouralsciences; commercial and business administration;home economics; mass communication and documentation;service trades.Natural sciences, engineering and agriculture: naturalsciences; engineering; mathematics and computersciences; architecture and <strong>to</strong>wn planning; transportand communications; trade, craft and industrial programmes;agriculture, forestry and fisheries.Medical sciences: medical and health-related sciences.When the symbol ♦ is shown, data refer <strong>to</strong> universitiesonly.When the symbol ./. is shown, the field considered isincluded with the humanities. For Qatar, medicalsciences are included with natural sciences.When the symbol # is shown, data do not includestudents at ISCED level 7, for which registration isnot required.Table 10. Private enrolment and publicexpenditure on <strong>education</strong>Private enrolment as percentage of <strong>to</strong>tal enrolment.Enrolment in private schools, at the level specified,expressed as a percentage of the <strong>to</strong>tal enrolment atthe same level. Government-aided schools are consideredas private if they are privately managed. Forsecondary <strong>education</strong>, data refer <strong>to</strong> general <strong>education</strong>only.Public expenditure on <strong>education</strong> as percentage of GNP.Total public expenditure on <strong>education</strong> expressed asa percentage of the Gross National Product.<strong>The</strong> symbol ♦ is shown when <strong>to</strong>tal public expenditureon <strong>education</strong> refers <strong>to</strong> expenditure of theMinistry of Education only.Public expenditure on <strong>education</strong> as percentage of governmentexpenditure. Total public expenditure on<strong>education</strong> expressed as a percentage of <strong>to</strong>tal governmentexpenditure.<strong>The</strong> symbol ♦ is shown when <strong>to</strong>tal public expenditureon <strong>education</strong> refers <strong>to</strong> expenditure of the Ministryof Education only.Average annual growth rate of public expenditure on<strong>education</strong>. <strong>The</strong> average annual growth rate between1990 and 1996 refers <strong>to</strong> the growth of <strong>to</strong>tal publicexpenditure on <strong>education</strong> in constant prices (dataare deflated by using the implicit gross domesticproduct (GDP) defla<strong>to</strong>r); it has been computedby fitting a trend line <strong>to</strong> the logarithmic values of