Pesticides and Water Quality - Texas Center for Policy Studies

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Table 3b. Comparison of Texas Surface Water Quality Program Monitoring and Criteria for Pesticides withDrinking Water Quality StandardsPesticides in TNRCCsurface water qualitymonitoring programDrinking WaterMonitoring Required?Aquatic Life WaterQuality Criteria?2,4-D Yes No Yes2,4,5-T No No No2,4,5-TP (Silvex) Yes No YesAldrin Yes Yes YesAlphahexachlorocyclohexaneBetahexachlorocyclohexaneGammahexachlorocyclohexane(Lindane)No No YesNo No YesYes Yes YesHuman Health WaterQuality Criteria?Carbaryl (Sevin) Yes Yes NoChlordane, total Yes Yes YesChlorpyrifos (Dursban) No Yes NoDDD, total No No YesDDE, total No No YesDDT,total No Yes YesDanitol No No YesDemeton No Yes NoDiazinon No No NoDicofol (Kelthane) No No YesDieldrin Yes Yes YesDiuron (Karmex) No No NoEndosulfan I and II No Yes NoEndosulfan sulfate No No NoEndrin Yes Yes YesGuthion No Yes NoHeptachlor Yes Yes YesHeptachlor epoxide Yes No YesHexachlorobenzene No No YesMalathion No Yes NoMethoxychlor Yes Yes YesMirex No Yes YesParathion No Yes NoPentachlorobenzene No No YesToxaphene Yes Yes YesTotal 32 17 21Sources: for column 2, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, The State of Texas Water QualityInventory—1996, Volume 1 (Austin: TNRCC, 1996); for columns 3 and 4: Texas Surface Water Quality Standards,30 Tex. Admin. Code Sec. 307.6, Table I.TNRCC has also developed screening levels for organics and metals in sediments and fish tissue. Thesecriteria are not enforceable standards, however, but rather are used internally by TNRCC to assist in itsevaluation of monitoring results. No aquatic life numeric criteria have been developed for toxics insediment. Instead, TNRCC determines where repeated evidence of these toxics are cause for potentialconcern (11 to 25% of values exceed screening levels) or concern (more than 25 % of values above5
screening levels) for fish tissue and sediment. The Texas Department of Health (TDH) may issue fishconsumption advisories or bans based upon measurements of toxics in fish tissue above human healthcriteria. Human health criteria for fish tissue are generally higher than the screening levels in fish tissueused by TNRCC for purposes of identifying segments of concern.In 1996, 67 stations were monitored for organics in sediments, while 48 SWQMP fixed stations weremonitored for metals and organics in fish tissue. 15 As shown in Tables 3c and 3d, however, the number offixed stations at which monitoring for pesticides in fish tissue and sediment is conducted has alsogenerally decreased. For example, in 1983, 48 stations were sampled for pesticides in sediment, while in1996 only 13 stations were sampled, and in 1997 only 20 stations were tested for pesticides in sediment.Table 3c. Pesticide Sampling (Fish Tissue) at Fixed TNRCC Monitoring Stations(1983-third quarter 1997)Year # Stations Sampled # of Samples*1983 15 251984 16 211985 18 201986 16 171987 13 151988 13 161989 33 391990 32 451991 16 171992 17 211993 30 391994 23 411995 21 471996 12 331997 (3rd quarter) 8 19* Sampling event may include analysis for up to 40 different pesticides.Source: TNRCC Storet database, from information request to TNRCC.The state also monitors water and sediment “total toxicity” at a limited number of sites. Totaltoxicity is measured in relation to the toxic effects of the water or sediment on certain indicator aquaticspecies. “Total toxicity” is a measure of the combination of toxic effects of pollutants in water orsediment. In 1996, 31 SWQMP stations were monitored for either ambient water and/or sediment totaltoxicity. 16 The TNRCC records those water bodies which have shown instream toxicity in two or moresamples. The TNRCC identified 18 water bodies between 1990 and 1994 which showed instreamtoxicity in two or more tests. This instream toxicity could be related to pesticides, among other toxics. 1715 Ibid. at 35-38.16 Ibid. at 35.17 Ibid. at 218.6
Page 1 and 2: I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARYA. Effec
Page 3 and 4: courses, parks, highway right-of-wa
Page 5: 1992, 1994 and 1996 Clean Rivers Pr
Page 8 and 9: The TNRCC has also issued “statew
Page 10 and 11: elated monitoring waivers under the
Page 12 and 13: II. PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERThis
Page 15: whether Texas water bodies are expe
Page 19 and 20: detected pesticides have been banne
Page 21 and 22: section of a segment was considered
Page 23 and 24: which examines the liver and reprod
Page 25 and 26: Water Body Year of Sample Pesticide
Page 27 and 28: Water Body Year of Sample Pesticide
Page 29 and 30: een detected in Texas public drinki
Page 31 and 32: E. Summary of Statewide DataThe fai
Page 33 and 34: The Clean Rivers Program also has a
Page 35 and 36: Brazos/Colorado Coastal BasinDuring
Page 37 and 38: mosquito control program conducted
Page 39 and 40: San Antonio River BasinThe 1994 Ass
Page 41 and 42: • Cibolo Creek Municipal Authorit
Page 43 and 44: Compound No. of Sites Detections No
Page 45 and 46: urban land use areas were the main
Page 47 and 48: These rural landowners are reported
Page 49 and 50: water include the Tulia and Friona
Page 51 and 52: IV. ENHANCING WATER QUALITY PROTECT
Page 53 and 54: 3. A determination of the public wa
Page 55 and 56: use, the source water assessments c
Page 57 and 58: V. CONCLUSION:TEXAS NEEDS A PESTICI
Page 59 and 60: DRINKING WATER MONITORING WAIVERS F
Page 61 and 62: At the time this report was being p
Page 63 and 64: Proposed CMR 162 Alternative Monito
Page 65 and 66: The need for reasonably location-sp
Page 67 and 68:
Table B-3. Pesticide Analysis Costs
Page 69 and 70:
application and treatment rates, al
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Pesticides and Water Quality - Texas Center for Policy Studies

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