Biennial Report 2005-2007 - Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsBiennial Report2005-2007Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsTel: (33)- 2337-5345-49 (5 lines)1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064 Fax: (33)-2337-4637Indiahttp://www.saha.ac.in

Editorial TeamANS IyengarPalash Baran PalNikhil ChakrabartiDebasish MajumdarDalia NayakKausik DasAmit Kumar SahaCover Design: Corridors of knowledgeTechnical EditorAmit Kumar SahaPublished byVV Mallikarjuna Rao, Registrar, SINPon behalf ofPublication and Documentation Unit,Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics8 September 2008

ContentsForewordEditorialAbbreviationsviiviiiix1 Theoretical Physics 11.1 General, Mathematical & Statistical Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 High Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1 Quantum Field Theory, Gravity & Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.2 Phenomenology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2.3 Astrophysics & Cosmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 Nuclear Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.3.1 Nuclear Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.3.2 Nuclear Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.4 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions, Quantum Chromodynamics, Hadrodynamics andQuark-Gluon Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5.1 Volumes Edited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5.2 Publications in Edited Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5.3 Papers in Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5.4 Publications in News Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.5.5 Papers in Conference Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &c . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.7 Ph D Awards & Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.8 Honours and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.9 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.10 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.11 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.12 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Nuclear Sciences 372.1 Nuclear Scattering and Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1.1 Experimental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1.2 Phenomenology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.2 Nuclear Spectroscopy & Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.2.1 Experimental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.2.2 Phenomenology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47iii

2.3 Atomic Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.3.1 Sub-shell Ionisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.3.2 Life Time Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.4 Applied Nuclear Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522.4.1 Impact Phenomena, Irradiation Effects and Positron Annihilation Studies . . 522.4.2 Perturbed Angular Correlation Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.4.3 Other Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.5 Simulation of Nuclear Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.6 Developmental Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.7 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.7.1 Publication in Edited Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.7.2 Papers in Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.8 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshop/Schools &c . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.9 Ph D Awards & Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.10 Honours and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.11 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772.12 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772.13 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782.14 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 853.1 High Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.1.1 Muon Arm Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.1.2 Quark-Gluon Plasma Phenomenology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.1.3 Spectroscopy in Mass-100 region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923.2 Medical Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923.3 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.3.1 Papers in Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.4 Participation in Conference/Symposia/Workshop/Schools &c . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983.5 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013.6 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013.7 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023.8 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024 Condensed Matter Physics 1034.1 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044.1.1 Experimental Studies of Electrical, Magnetic, Thermal and Structural Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044.1.2 Molecular Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244.2 Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254.2.1 Strongly Correlated Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254.2.2 Studies in Statistical Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1284.3 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314.3.1 Publications in Edited Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314.3.2 Papers in Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1324.3.3 Publications in Computer Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1364.4 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &c . . . . . . . . . . . . 1364.5 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

4.6 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394.7 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394.8 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405 Material Physics 1435.1 Surface Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.1.1 Low-dimensional Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.1.2 Soft Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.1.3 Metallic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575.1.4 Semiconductor Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1655.1.5 Developmental Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1685.1.6 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695.1.7 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &c . . . . . . . . 1745.1.8 Ph D Awards & Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785.1.9 Honours and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.1.10 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.1.11 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.1.12 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815.1.13 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815.2 Plasma Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835.2.1 Experimental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835.2.2 Theoretical Studies in Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1865.2.3 Developmental work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1895.2.4 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925.2.5 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &c . . . . . . . . 1935.2.6 Ph D Awards & Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955.2.7 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955.2.8 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955.2.9 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965.2.10 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1966 Biophysical Sciences 1976.1 Research Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986.1.1 Structural Genomics and Proteomics in Human Genetic Disease . . . . . . . 1986.1.2 Macromolecular Crystallography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2056.1.3 Theoretical Biophysics, Molecular Modelling and Bioinformatics . . . . . . . 2096.1.4 Chemical Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2136.1.5 Cellular & Molecular Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2146.1.6 Toxicology & Related Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2186.1.7 Photochemistry, Photophysics & Biomolecular Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . 2196.1.8 Conducting Polymer/Nanocomposite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2246.1.9 Radioanlytical & Nuclear Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2266.1.10 Green Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2286.1.11 Radiation Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2346.2 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2366.2.1 Volumes Edited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2366.2.2 Publications in Edited Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2366.2.3 Papers in Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

6.3 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Schools &c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436.4 Ph D Awards & Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2556.5 Honours and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2566.6 Teaching elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2566.7 Seminars given elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2576.8 Seminars held in the Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2596.9 Miscellany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2606.10 External Collaborators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2617 Teaching 2657.1 The Post-M Sc Associateship Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657.1.1 Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657.1.2 Biophysical Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2687.2 Undergraduate Associateship Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717.3 Summer Students’ Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2727.4 Centre for Advanced Research & Education (CARE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2738 Facilities 2758.1 Electronics Workshop Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2758.2 Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2778.3 Radiological Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2788.4 Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2788.5 Publication & Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2818.6 Central Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2818.7 Medical Benefit Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2829 Institute Colloquia 28310 Saha Memorial Lecture 28711 Administration 28911.1 Governing Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28911.2 Internal Committees & Chairpersons [As on March 31, 2007] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29011.3 Purchase Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29811.4 Members of the Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

viiForewordWhile traversing the corridors of knowledge, I was thrilled on two accounts i) what a huge amountof high quality research output our institute has produced ii) what a varied panorama of fields ofresearch.I take this opportunity to congratulate the editorial team and a very special compliment to ProfessorA.N.S. Iyenger and to Sri Amit Saha, special thanks for bringing out such a splendid volume,undoubtedly the best so far, in my experience.The compilation has been exhaustive and a brilliant tapestry of the best of our institute.The first three areas Theoretical Physics, Nuclear Sciences and High Energy Physics have commonlinkages, first time the editors rather subtly demonstrated the role of microelectronics in modernexperiments. Clearly, a lot of high quality work has been done in almost all these arrears. Some ofthe highlights, among others, are to do with neutrino physics, string, gravity, quark gluon plasma,both experimental and theoretical nuclear science. Interestingly, the topics mentioned enjoy a fairlyhigh profile world over.Material Science, as a whole is very significant in our institute. Great strides have been made innew directions, in some cases, such as surface physics to cite one area, work done is internationallyacclaimed and recognised.It is quite evident that research done in most of the areas have achieved a certain degree of excellence.In the process new areas have also emerged such as Centre for Applied Mathematics andComputational Sciences.Biological Sciences always have been a very important area and recent progress, or, shall we sayhigh tide in some areas have been truly outstanding. The work on Human Genetic diseases shouldfind more recognition and application than it enjoys now.With all of the above in the background, we must consolidate and go forward to do our best forthe XIth five year plan projects in the new campus of Rajarhat.There is always a danger of closing the windows and go into a shell - no society, no human endeavouris completely immuned from the danger always lurking around. We thus have to keep our mindsopen, always ready to embrace the fresh and sometimes unconventional ideas. Only then can wecreate an ambience for nurturing the best and the significant. Let’s just do that.Bikash SinhaDirector8 September 2008

viii Biennial Report 2005-07EditorialAnnual Report is viewed by many as a mundane task which nobody even looks at. In these days ofInformation Techmology, people usually think that writing and editing a report is very easy. Butit is not so, since quite a few contributors had “cut & paste” and mailed to us their document allat the click of a single button. Though we could not fully automate the entire process of compilingthis report, we plan & hope to get it done for the next one, which will mean that contributors cansubmit, view and correct online all through the year.We (the editorial team) would like to thank Prof Bikash Sinha, Director, SINP for the constantencouragement the preparation of this Biennial Report. Mr. A Saha’s wholehearted solitary effortin bringing this Biennial Report to its final form is realy commendable. We would like toacknowledge the support and help from all the faculty members and the various departments ofthe administration and Central Facilities for providing us with all the data on time, inspite of theirheavy schedule, since this period overlapped with the culmination of the X th five year plan.AN Sekar Iyengar8 September 2008

October 16, 2008 Biennial Report 2005-07 ixAbbreviationsused for Divisions/Sections/FacilitiesDivisions/Sections/FacilitiesTheoryNuclear & Atomic PhysicsIndia-based Neutrino ObservatoryHigh Energy PhysicsMicroelectronicsExperimental Condensed MatterTheoretical Condensed MatterSurface PhysicsPlasma PhysicsBiophysicsChemical ScienceCrystallography & Molecular BiologyStructural GeneomicsElectronic Workshop FacilityAbbreviationsTheoNAPINOHEPMEDECMPTCMPSPPPBPCSDC&MBSGEWF

1 Theoretical PhysicsThe research areas of theoretical physics were diverse in nature from quantum gravity tonuclear reactions and nuclear structure, from particle phenomenology and quark-gluonplasma to problems in mathematical physics were covered. In mathematical physicsproperties of generalised Calogero model and generalised nonlinear Schrödinger modelwere studied. In black hole physics counting of microscopic states in loop quantumgravity, Hawking temperature from tunnelling formalism and quasinormal modes ofstringy black holes were some of the areas studied. A comparative study of dark matterevolution from Type I supernovae and gamma ray bursts was done. In string theoryadvances were made in the problem of supersymmetric p-brane and in the study oftachyon condensation. Different aspects of models of supersymmetry, flavour physics inorbifold GUT models, physics issues of Drell-Yan process at hadron colliders were someof the areas studied in particle phenomenology.The effects of hyperon matter in rotating compact stars, the possible common origin ofthe highest energy cosmic rays and baryon asymmetry, dynamics of dwarf spheroidalsand the dark matter halo of galaxies were probed in the area of astroparticle physics.Detailed studies of eta meson and hyperon productions in nucleon-nucleon collisionwere studied using the effective Lagrangian picture. Low energy pion in nuclear matterand photo-induced pi pi production and beta decay rates for supernova and r-processevolution were also investigated. The aspects of energy loss of charm quarks, the problemof dynamic screening and the wake structure associated with it were studied for theQuark-Gluon Plasma. The thermodynamical aspects for the strongly interacting matterin the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model were studied and estimates of susceptibilityobtained.1.1 General, Mathematical & Statistical Physics1.1.1.1 Generation and prediction of self-similar processes by surrogatesA self-similar process has power spectrum with power law depending on its self-similarity parameterH and we use this property for its generation by the method of surrogate data. The surrogates area set of random data with the same distribution as that of the increments of the process. These areiteratively rearranged according to the rank order of a time series obtained with the same powerlaw spectrum. The method is fast, and reliable as shown by the characteristics reproduced. It isalso possible to extend this method to prediction of a self-similar process, the success of which will1

2 Biennial Report 2005-07depend on the volume of available data.Debashis Chakraborty†, TK RoyTheo1.1.1.2 Quantum bound states of a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger modelWe study the quantum bound states of a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger model with two couplingconstants c and η. Bound states of this model can be constructed by applying the method ofcoordinate Bethe ansatz. We find that such bound states exist for all values of c, but only withincertain non-overlapping ranges of η. These ranges of η are completely determined by employingthe idea of Farey sequences in number theory.Bireswar Basu-Mallick, Tanaya Bhattacharyya, Diptiman Sen†Theo1.1.1.3 Quantization and conformal properties of a generalized Calogero modelWe propose an extension of the quantum Calogero model which preserves the conformal symmetry,and analyze this model with paying special attention to the two-body case. Utilizing the underlyingSU(1,1) symmetry, we find exact solutions of this two-body model. We also study the self-adjointextensions of the radial Hamiltonian of the two-body problem and find out the region in theparameter space where the system admits a one-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions.Stjepan Meljanac†, Andjelo Samsarov†, Bireswar Basu-Mallick, Kumar S GuptaTheo1.2 High Energy Physics1.2.1 Quantum Field Theory, Gravity & Strings1.2.1.1 Nonperturbative renormalization in 1+1 dimensional lattice φ 4 theoryWe study scaling behaviour and renormalization of the theory around the phase transition frombroken symmetry to the symmetric theory. Properties of renormalization around this phase transitioninvetigated by nonperturbative lattice techniques are found to be novel and different fromthose of the perturbative analysis (perturbatively the theory is a superrenormalizable theory). Thescaling behavior of the field renormalization constant Z has the interesting consequence that therenormalized field < φ R > does not scale in 1+1 dimensions. We also calculate the renormalizedcoupling constant λ R in the broken symmetry phase. The ratio λ R /m 2 R does not scale and appearsto reach a value independent of the bare parameters in the critical region in the infinite volumelimit.Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy Maiti, Tilak SinhaTheo

Theoretical Physics 31.2.1.2 Topological charge in the broken phase of the renormalized 1+1 dimensionallattice φ 4 theoryWe identify kink configurations in the broken phase using a lattice regulator with antiperiodicboundary conditions. With a suitable definition of the topological charge in the renormalizedtheory we demonstrate invariance of the charge of the renormalized theory in the broken symmetryphase.Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy Maiti, Tilak SinhaTheo1.2.1.3 Study of Lattice QCD with 2 Flavors of Wilson Quarks using Gaussian SmearingA detailed study has been initiated involving the pion and the rho mass and their decay constantsas functions of quark mass (determined from PCAC) using PP, AA, AP and PA operators withboth smeared sources and sinks (P and A stand respectively for the pseudoscalar and the axialvector densities). This will prove very useful for the study of the chiral regime where accuratevalues of quantities are required to make any conclusion.Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy MaitiTheo1.2.1.4 Study of Static Quark Potential and the Scale therefrom in Lattice QCD withDynamical QuarksProperties of QCD with dynamical light quarks are yet to be understood fully. Determination ofthe lattice scale from the study of static interquark potentials when the sea quarks are light is madecomplicated by the fact that the potential itself and the scale determined seem to depend on thevalue of the sea quark mass in lattice units. We have initiated a study to possibly disentangle thescale-violating (cut-off dependent) part from the scaling part. If this is possible, then only one cantalk about a mass-independent renormalization scheme for the lattice theory and this would alsomake matching to continuum schemes like MS ¯ simple.Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy MaitiTheo1.2.1.5 Quasinormal Modes, Gravity Waves and Black HolesThe study of quasinormal modes (a type of gravity waves) are of great importance in understandingthe properties of black holes. The BTZ black hole provides us with an opportunity to analyze manyproperties of the qnm’s in an analytical fashion. In this work we provide a systematic way of derivingthe qnm frequencies of BTZ black hole based on the underlying symmetry principles. Our methodutilizes the various geometric and topological aspects of the BTZ black hole and provides a novelmethod to analyze the associated qnm’s.Kumar S Gupta, S Sen†Theo

4 Biennial Report 2005-071.2.1.6 Quasinormal Modes of Stringy Black HolesIn this work we are studying the quasinormal modes (qnm) of stringy black holes. We are analyzingthe ADS/CFT correspondence for these extremal black holes using the qnm’s. We are alsoinvestigating the nature of the area law for the corresponding black hole entropy. This project hasbeen initiated in 2004 and is a part of the thesis work of Mr. Sayan Chakrabarti. One part of theproject has been completed where the relation between Scwarzschild geometry and the area lawquantization as proposed by Bekenstein has been clarified.Kumar S Gupta, Sayan ChakrabartiTheo1.2.1.7 Black Holes, Holography and Moduli Space MetricString theory can accommodate black holes with the black hole parameters related to string moduli.It is a well known but remarkable feature that the near horizon geometry of a large class of blackholes arising from string theory contains a BTZ part. A mathematical theorem (Sullivan’s Theorem)relates the three dimensional geometry of the BTZ metric to the conformal structures of a twodimensional space, thus providing a precise kinematic statement of holography. Using this theoremwe have shown that the string moduli space in this region has to have negative curvature from theBTZ part of the associated spacetime. This is consistent with a recent conjecture of Ooguri andVafa on string moduli space. This work was initiated and completed in 2006.Kumar S Gupta, S Sen†Theo1.2.1.8 Fundamental strings and NS5-branes from unstable D-branes in supergravityBy using the non-supersymmetric p-brane solutions delocalized in arbitrary number of transversedirections in type II supergravities, we show how they can be regarded as interpolating solutionsbetween unstable Dp-branes (a non-BPS D-brane or a pair of coincident D-brane-antiD-brane) andfundamental strings and also between unstable Dp-branes and NS5-branes. We also show that someof these solutions can be regarded as interpolating solutions between NS5/ NS5 ¯ and Dp-branes (forp ≤ 5). This gives a closed string description of the tachyon condensation and lends support to theconjecture that the open string theory on unstable D-branes at the tachyonic vacuum has solitonsolutions describing not only the lower dimensional BPS D-branes, but also the fundamental stringsas well as the NS5-branes.Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji RoyTheo1.2.1.9 Tachyon condensation on the intersecting brane-antibrane systemWe here generalize our study of the tachyon condensation on the brane-antibrane system to theintersecting brane-antibrane system. The supergravity solutions of the intersecting brane-antibranesystem are characterized by five parameters. We relate these parameters to the microscopic physicalparameters, namely, the number of Dp-branes (N 1 ), the number of ¯Dp-branes ( ¯N 1 ), the number of

Theoretical Physics 5D(p − 4)-branes (N 2 ), the number of ¯D(p − 4)-branese ( ¯N 2 ) and the tachyon vev T. We show thatthe solution and the ADM mass capture all the required properties and give a correct descriptionof the tachyon condensation for the intersecting brane-antibrane system.Hua Bai†, Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji RoyTheo1.2.1.10 Non-SUSY p-branes delocalized in two directions, tachyon condensation andT-dualityWe here give the construction of non-supersymmetric p-branes delocalized in two transverse spatialdirections in supergravities in arbitrary dimensions (d). These solutions are characterized by fiveparameters. We show how these solutions in d = 10 interpolate between D(p+2)-anti-D(p+2) branesystem, non-BPS D(p + 1)-branes (delocalized in one direction) and BPS Dp-branes by adjustingand scaling the parameters in suitable ways. This picture is very similar to the descent relationsobtained by Sen in the open string effective description of non-BPS D(p + 1) brane and BPS Dpbraneas the respective tachyonic kink and vortex solutions on the D(p + 2)-anti-D(p + 2) branesystem (with some differences). We compare this process with the T-duality transformation.Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji RoyTheo1.2.1.11 Intersecting non-SUSY p-brane with chargeless 0-brane as black p-braneUnlike BPS p-brane, non-supersymmetric (non-susy) p-brane could be either charged or chargeless.Here we construct an intersecting non-susy p-brane with chargeless non-susy q-brane by takingT-dualities along the delocalized directions of the non-susy q-brane solution delocalized in (p − q)transverse directions (where p ≥ q). We show that when q = 0 the intersecting charged as well aschargeless non-susy p-brane with chargeless 0-brane can be mapped by a coordinate transformationto black p-brane when two of the four parameters characterizing the solution take some specialvalues. We observe that parameters characterizing the black brane and the related dynamics arein general in a different branch of the parameter space from those describing the brane-antibraneannihilation process.Hua Bai†, Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji RoyTheo1.2.1.12 Hawking temperature from tunnelling formalismIt has recently been suggested that the attempt to understand Hawking radiation as tunnellingacross black hole horizons produces a Hawking temperature double the standard value. It is explainedhere how one can obtain the standard value in the same tunnelling approach.Parthasarathi MitraTheo

6 Biennial Report 2005-071.2.1.13 Counting black hole microscopic states in loop quantum gravityCounting of microscopic states of black holes is performed within the framework of loop quantumgravity. This is the first calculation of the pure horizon states using statistical methods, whichreveals the possibility of additional states missed in the earlier calculations, leading to an increaseof entropy. Also for the first time a microcanonical temperature is introduced within the framework.Amit Ghosh, Parthasarathi MitraTheo1.2.1.14 Dark Energy Reconstruction from SNIa and GRB data and their comparisonDistance measurement of Supernova Ia (SNIa, standard candle) suggest that the universe is acceleratingand this acceleration is supported by a mysterious energy or Dark Energy that constitutes73% of the total content of the universe. The Dark Energy parameters are and the subsequentreconstruction uses the observational data (such as from SNIa) like the luminosity distance or distancemodulii, coordinate distance etc. While the supernova Ia are more accurate standard candlesin respect of such measurements, the data obtained from SNIa span a smaller range of redshift z(mostly z ≤ 1). While the observations from GRB span wider range of redshift (∼ 6). Thus GRBmeasurements open up the possibility of more detailed study of the nature of variation of DarkEnergy. In the present work a comparative study is made for the Dark Energy evolution both fromSNIa and GRB data.Debasish MajumdarINO1.2.2 Phenomenology1.2.2.1 Possible violation of the spin-statistics relation for neutrinos: detectingthrough future galactic supernovaThe detection of neutrinos from a future galactic type II supernova event in a water Cerenkovdetector like Super-Kamiokande is used to constrain the possible violation of spin-statistics relationfor neutrinos resulting in their obeying a mixed statistics instead of Fermi-Dirac.Sandhya Choubey†, Kamales KarTheo1.2.2.2 A GEANT-based study of atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters atINOThe dependence of the allowed space of the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters on thetime of exposure for a magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based NeutrinoObservatory (INO) has been studied. We have performed a Monte Carlo simulation for a 50kTonICAL detector generating events by the neutrino generator NUANCE and simulating the detectorresponse by GEANT. A chi-square analysis for the ratio of the up-going and down-going neutrinos

Theoretical Physics 7as a function of L/E is performed and the allowed regions with the 90% and 99% CL are displayed.Abhijit Samanta, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Ambar Ghosal, Kamales Kar, Debasish Majumdar, AmitavaRaychaudhuri†INO, Theo1.2.2.3 Flavour Physics in Orbifold GUT modelsWe have considered 5d SU(5) GUT models based on the orbifold S 1 /(Z 2 × Z 2 ′ ), and studied thedifferent possibilities of placing the SU(5) matter multiplets in three possible locations, namely, thetwo branes at the two orbifold fixed points and SU(5) bulk. We have demonstrated that if flavourhierarchies originate solely from geometrical suppressions due to wavefunction normalisation offields propagating in the bulk, then it is not possible to satisfy even the gross qualitative behaviourof the CKM and MNS matrices regardless of where we place the matter multiplets.G Bhattacharyya, A Raychaudhuri†Theo1.2.2.4 TeV Scale leptogenesis in Little Higgs modelsWe have studied how the little Higgs scenario might provide an interesting framework to accommodateTeV scale leptogenesis because a TeV Majorana mass of the right-handed neutrino that wehave employed for the latter might find a natural place near the ultraviolet cutoff of the former.In this work we have studied how a light neutrino spectrum, generated radiatively, and TeV scaleleptogenesis could be embedded in the simplest little Higgs framework. Alternatively, we havehighlighted how the neutrino Yukawa textures of the latter are constrained.G Bhattacharyya, A Abada†, M Losada†Theo1.2.2.5 A Study of Minimal Length scenario in Hadron CollidersWe have studied the effects of minimal length in large extra dimensional models in the jet +missing energy channels at hadron colliders. We know that theories of quantum gravity suggest theexistence of a minimal length scale. We implement the idea of a minimal length scale in the modelof large extra dimensions, the ADD model. To do this we have looked at real graviton productionin association with a jet at hadron colliders. In the minimal length scenario, the bounds on theeffective string scale are significantly less stringent than those derived in the conventional ADDmodel, both at the upgraded Tevatron and at the Large Hadron Collider.G Bhattacharyya, K Rao†, K Sridhar†Theo

8 Biennial Report 2005-071.2.2.6 R-parity violation in NMSSMWe have studied a novel mechanism of neutrino mass generation in the Next-to-Minimal supersymmetricmodel. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with bilinear R-parity violation,only one neutrino eigenstate acquires a mass at tree level, consequently experimental data on neutrinoscannot be accommodated at tree level. We show that in the Next-to-Minimal extension,where a gauge singlet superfield is added to primarily address the so-called µ-problem, it is possibleto generate two massive neutrino states at tree level. Hence, the global three-flavour neutrinodata can be reproduced at tree level, without appealing to loop dynamics which is vulnerable tomodel-dependent uncertainties. We give analytical expressions for the neutrino mass eigenvaluesand present examples of realistic parameter choices.G Bhattacharyya, A Abada†, G Moreau†Theo1.2.2.7 Radiactive neutrino decay and CP violation in R-parity violating SupersymmetryWe have calculated the radiative decay amplitude for Majorana neutrinos in trilinear R-parityviolating supersymmetric framework. Our results make no assumption regarding the masses andmixings of fermions and sfermions. The results obtained are exemplary for generic models withloop-generated neutrino masses. Comparison of this amplitude with the neutrino mass matrixshows that the two provide independent probes of CP-violating phases.G Bhattacharyya, PB Pal, H Päs†, TJ Weiler†Theo1.2.2.8 PDF and scale uncertainties of various DY distributions in ADD and RSmodels at hadron collidersIn the extra dimension models of ADD and RS we study the dependence of the various partondistribution functions on observables of DrellYan processes to NLO in QCD at LHC and Tevatronenergies. Uncertainties at LHC due to factorisation scales in going from leading to next-to-leadingorder in QCD for the various distributions get reduced by about 2.75 times for a µ F range 0.5Q< µ F

Theoretical Physics 9LHC and Tevatron. Inclusion of QCD corrections to NLO stabilises the cross section with respectto scale variations.Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†Theo1.2.2.10 NLO-QCD corrections to dilepton production in the Randall-SundrummodelThe dilepton production process at hadron colliders in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model is studiedat next-to-leading order in QCD. The NLO-QCD corrections have been computed for the virtualgraviton exchange process in the RS model, in addition to the usual Z-mediated processes ofstandard Drell-Yan. K-factors for the cross-sections at the LHC and Tevatron for differential inthe invariant mass, Q, and the rapidity, Y, of the lepton pair are presented. We find the K-factorsare large over substantial regions of the phase space.Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, K Sridhar†Theo1.2.2.11 Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the Drell-Yan cross section inmodels of TeV-scale gravityThe first results on next-to-leading order QCD corrections to graviton-induced processes in hadroncollisions in models of TeV-scale gravity are presented focusing on the case of dilepton pair productionand pp collisions. Distributions in the invariant mass Q, the longitudinal fraction x F , therapidity Y and the forward-backward asymmetry of the lepton pair are studied. The quantitativeimpact of the QCD corrections for searches of extra dimensions at hadron colliders is investigated.It turns out that at the LHC the K-factor is rather large (K = 1.6) for large invariant mass Q of thelepton pair, indicating the importance of accounting for these QCD corrections in the experimentalsearch for TeV-scale gravity. At the Tevatron, the K-factor does not substantially deviate from theStandard Model value. However, its inclusion is necessitated to make the cross section stable withrespect to scale variations.Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, K Sridhar†, WL van Neerven†Theo1.2.3 Astrophysics & Cosmology1.2.3.1 Hyperon bulk viscosity and its influence on r-modes of neutron starsWe studied the effect of hyperon matter on bulk viscosity. In this connection, we have constructedequations of state within the framework of a relativistic field theoretical model. As large numberof hyperons may be produced in dense matter, hyperon-hyperon interaction becomes importantand have been included in our calculation. We computed the bulk viscosity coefficient due to thenon-leptonic weak process n + p ⇀↽ p + Λ. It was found that the gravitational radiation drivenr-mode instability was suppressed due to large hyperon bulk viscosity coefficient.Debarati Chatterjee, Debades BandyopadhyayTheo

10 Biennial Report 2005-071.2.3.2 Exotica in rotating compact starsWe constructed models of static and uniformly rotating compact stars using equation of state(EoS) including hyperons, first order nuclear to K − condensed matter phase transition and alsoK − condensed matter to quark matter phase transition. Our results are consistent with the massand radius of EXO 0748-676. This, in turn, showed that exotic matter such as hyperon and Bose-Einstein condensed matter might exist in this star. Also, we estimated the moment of inertiafor pulsar A of double pulsar binary PSR J0737-3039. It was found that the values of moment ofinertia and radius obtained with our relativistic EoS were quite different from those of nonrelativisticmodels. Therefore, it would be possible to rule out some EoS with the help of the measured valueof moment of inertia.Debarati Chatterjee, Sarmistha Banik, Debades BandyopadhyayTheo1.2.3.3 Possible Common Origin of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays and BaryonAsymmetry of the UniverseIt is well-known that the small (sub-eV) neutrino masses inferred from neutrino oscillation experimentscan be explained most naturally through the see-saw mechanism involving a heavy righthandedmajorana neutrino, N R , for every generation. This can be done most simply by extendingthe Standard Model by an extra U(1) B−L gauge symmetry which is spontaneously broken at a sufficientlyhigh energy scale η B−L thereby giving large mass to the N R and consequently small massto the usual left-handed neutrinos through the see-saw mechanism. In this work it is shown that thedecay of the massive gauge bosons, higgs bosons as well as the heavy N R ’s (collectively X particleshereafter) released from rapidly collapsing closed loops of “B − L” cosmic strings arising from theU(1) B−L symmetry-breaking phase transition can provide, for X particle masses ≥ 10 11 GeV, a“top-down” mechanism of production of the observed extremely high energy cosmic ray particleswith energies above 10 11 GeV which are otherwise difficult to produce by means of the standardacceleration mechanisms operating in known astrophysical objects. At the same time the decay ofthe N R ’s released from the B − L cosmic string loops can give a non-thermal contribution to theobserved Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe through the leptogenesis route, ameliorating some ofthe problems of the purely thermal leptogenesis scenario. Thus, the observed baryon asymmetry ofthe Universe, the extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECR) above 10 11 GeV and small neutrinomasses inferred from neutrino oscillation experiments, all may have a common origin in a U(1) B−Lsymmetry-breaking phase transition in the early Universe.Pijushpani BhattacharjeeTheo1.2.3.4 Baryogenesis via leptogenesis in presence of cosmic stringsThe effect of B −L cosmic strings (in a U(1) B−L extension of the Standard Model) on leptogenesisis studied in detail. The disappearance of closed loops of B − L cosmic strings can produce heavyright handed neutrinos, N R ’s, whose CP-asymmetric decay in out-of-thermal equilibrium conditioncan give rise to a net lepton (L) asymmetry which is then converted, due to sphaleron transitions,to a Baryon (B) asymmetry. This is studied by using the relevant Boltzmann equations andincluding the effects of both thermal and string generated non-thermal N R ’s. The parameter space

Theoretical Physics 11spanned by the effective light neutrino mass parameter ˜m 1 , the mass M 1 of the lightest of the heavyright-handed neutrinos (or equivalently the Yukawa coupling h 1 ) and the scale of B − L symmetrybreaking, η B−L , is examined, and it is shown that there exist ranges of values of these parameters,in particular with η B−L > 10 11 ∼ GeV and h 1>∼ 0.01, for which the cosmic string generatednon-thermal N R ’s can give the dominant contribution to, and even produce, the observed BaryonAsymmetry of the Universe when the purely thermal leptogenesis mechanism is not sufficient. Wealso discuss how, depending on the values of η B−L , ˜m 1 and h 1 , our results lead to upper boundson sin δ, where δ is the the CP violating phase that determines the CP asymmetry in the decay ofthe heavy right handed neutrino responsible for generating the L-asymmetry.N Sahu†, Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, U Yajnik†Theo1.2.3.5 Probing neutrino mixing angles with ultrahigh energy neutrino telescopesIt is pointed out that detecting ¯ν e ’s from distant astrophysical sources with the up-coming andfuture neutrino telescopes using the Glashow resonance channel ¯ν e e − → W − → anything, whichoccurs over a small energy window around the ¯ν e energy of ∼ 6.3 × 10 15 eV, offers a new way ofmeasuring or setting limits on neutrino mixing angles, in particular the angle θ 12 , thereby providingan independent probe of neutrino mixing angles which are currently inferred primarily from solar-,atmospheric-, reactor-, and accelerator neutrino experiments.Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Nayantara Gupta†Theo1.2.3.6 Dynamics of dwarf-spheroidals and the dark matter halo of the GalaxyThe dynamics of the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxies in the gravitational field of the(Milky Way) Galaxy is studied with particular reference to their susceptibility to tidal break-up.The phase space distribution of the dSphs and that of the dark matter (DM) halo of the Galaxyare studied within the context of a self-consistent model in which the functional form of the phasespace distribution of DM particles follows the King model i.e. the ‘lowered isothermal’ distributionand the potential of the Galaxy is determined self-consistently by including the gravitational crosscouplingbetween visible matter and DM particles. This analysis, coupled with virial arguments,yields an estimate of > 270 km/s for the circular velocity of any test object at galactocentricdistances of ∼ 100 kpc, the typical distances of the dSphs. The corresponding self-consistentvalues of the relevant DM halo model parameters, namely, the local (i.e., the solar neighbourhood)values of the DM density and velocity dispersion in the King model and its truncation radius,are estimated to be ∼ 0.3 GeV/cm 3 , > 350 km/s and ∼ 150kpc, respectively. These results haveimportant implications for the laboratory experiments for the direct detection of DM particles.R Cowsik†, Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Subhabrata Majumdar†Theo

12 Biennial Report 2005-071.2.3.7 High energy diffuse neutrino background as a probe of Supernova - GammaRay Burst connectionDetection of supernova (SN) features in the afterglow spectra of several long duration (typically> 2 sec) Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the past one decade has provided strong support to thehypothesis that a significant fraction, if not all, of the long duration GRBs arise from collapseof massive stars and are thus associated with supernova explosions. In this work we explore thepossibility of using the experimental upper limit on the diffuse high energy (TeV – PeV) neutrinobackground to place an upper limit on the ratio of GRB rate to supernova rate in the universe.Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Sovan Chakraborty, Srirupa Das Gupta, Kamales KarTheo1.3 Nuclear Theory1.3.1 Nuclear Reactions1.3.1.1 η meson production in nucleon-nucleon collisions within an effective LagrangianmodelWe investigate the pp → ppη and pn → pnη reactions within an effective Lagrangian model forlaboratory kinetic energies ranging from very close to η meson production threshold to about 10GeV. Production amplitudes include contributions from the mechanism of excitation, propagationand decay of N*(1535), N*(1650), and N*(1710) baryonic resonances. The initial interaction betweentwo incoming nucleons is modeled by the exchange of π, ρ, ω and σ mesons where the vertexparameters are taken to be the same as those used in the previous applications of this model.Parameters of the resonance vertices also have been taken from our earlier studies wherever applicable.Calculations have been done for total as well as differential η production cross sections. Todescribe the data for energies closer to the production threshold final state interactions among theout-going particles have been included by means of a generalized Watson-Migdal method. Termscorresponding to the excitation of N*(1535) resonance and pion exchange process dominate thecross sections. With a single set of vertex parameters our model is able to describe the availabledata well on total cross sections for beam energies ranging from close to threshold to upto 10 GeV.R ShyamTheo1.3.1.2 A fully relativistic description of Hypernuclear production in proton- andpion-Nucleus CollisionsExclusive A(p,K + ) Λ B and A(π,K + ) Λ B ′ reactions leading to two body final states, have beeninvestigated in a fully covariant model based on an effective Lagrangian picture. The explicitkaon production vertex is described via creation, propagation and decay into relevant channel ofN*(1650), N*(1710) and N*(1720) intermediate baryonic resonance states, in the initial collisionof the projectile with one of the target nucleons. The bound state wave functions are obtainedby solving the Dirac equation with appropriate scalar and vector potentials. The calculated crosssections show strong sensitivity to the final hypernuclear state excited in the reaction. Cross sections

Theoretical Physics 13of 1 - 2 nb/sr are obtained at peak positions of favored transitions in case of the A(p,K + ) Λ B reactionon heavier targets.R ShyamTheo1.3.1.3 Hyperon production in near threshold nucleon-nucleon collisionsWe study the mechanism of the associated ΛK and ΣK production in nucleon-nucleon collisionsover an extended range of near threshold beam energies within an effective Lagrangian model, tounderstand of the new data on pp → pΛK + and pp → pΣ 0 K + reactions published recently bythe COSY-11 collaboration. In this theory, the hyperon production proceeds via the excitationof N*(1650), N*(1710), and N*(1720) baryonic resonances. Interplay of the relative contributionsof various resonances to the cross sections, is discussed as a function of the beam energy over alarger energy domain. Predictions of our model are given for the total cross sections of pp →pΣ + K 0 ,pp → nΣ + K + , and pn → nΛK + reactions.R ShyamTheo1.3.1.4 A relativistic two-nucleon model for A(p,K + ) Λ B reactionWe investigate the A(p,K + ) Λ B reaction within a covariant two nucleon model. We focus on amplitudeswhich are described by creation, propagation and decay into relevant channel of N ∗ (1650),N ∗ (1710), and N ∗ (1720) intermediate baryonic resonance states in the initial collision of the projectilenucleon with one of its target counterparts. This collision is modeled by the exchange ofπ as well as ρ and ω mesons. The bound state nucleon and hyperon wave functions are obtainedby solving the Dirac equation with appropriate scalar and vector potentials. Expressions for thereaction amplitudes are derived taking continuum particle wave functions in both distorted waveand plane wave approximations. Detailed numerical results are presented in the plane wave approximation;estimates of the effects of the initial and final state interactions are given in the eikonalapproximation.R Shyam, H Lenske†, U Mosel†Theo1.3.1.5 Low-energy pions in nuclear matter and pi pi photoproduction within a BUUtransport modelIn the present paper we investigate a method to describe low-energy scattering events of pions andnuclei within a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport model. Implementing differentscenarios of medium modifications, we studied the mean free path of pions in nuclear matter atlow momenta and compared pion absorption simulations to data. Pursuing these studies we haveshown, that also in a regime of a long pionic wave length the semi-classical BUU model still generatesreasonable results. We present results on pi-induced events in the regime of 10 MeV < Tkin < 130

14 Biennial Report 2005-07MeV and photo-induced pi pi production at incident beam energies of 400-460 MeV.Oliver Buss†, Luis Alvarez-Rusox†, Pascal Muehlich†, Ulrich Mosel†, Radhey ShyamTheo1.3.1.6 Astrophysical S 17 (0) factor from a measurement of d(7Be,8B)n reaction atE c.m. = 4.5 MeVAngular distribution measurements of 2 H( 7 Be, 7 Be) 2 H and 2 H( 7 Be, 8 B)n reactions at E c.m. ∼ 4.5MeV were performed to extract the astrophysical S 17 (0) factor using the asymptotic normalizationcoefficient (ANC) method. For this purpose a pure, low emittance 7 Be beam was separated from theprimary 7 Li beam by a recoil mass spectrometer operated in a novel mode. A beam stopper at 0 ◦allowed the use of a higher 7 Be beam intensity. Measurement of the elastic scattering in the entrancechannel using kinematic coincidence, facilitated the determination of the optical model parametersneeded for the analysis of the transfer data. The present measurement significantly reduces errors inthe extracted 7 Be(p,γ) cross section using the ANC method. We get S 17 ∼ (0) ∼=∼20.7∼ ± ∼2.4eV ∼ b.JJ Das†, VM Datar†, P Sugathan†, N Madhavan†, PV Madhusudhana Rao†, A Jhingan†, A Navin†,SK Dhiman†, S Barua†, S Nath†, T Varughese†, AK Sinha†, R Singh†, A Ray†, DL Sastry†, RGKulkarni†, R ShyamTheo1.3.2 Nuclear Structure1.3.2.1 Beta decay rates of nuclei with 65

Theoretical Physics 151.4 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions, Quantum Chromodynamics,Hadrodynamics and Quark-Gluon Plasma1.4.1.1 Energy Loss of Charm Quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma: Collisional vsRadiativeConsidering the collisional energy loss rates of heavy quarks from hard light parton interactions thetotal energy loss of a charm quark for a static medium has been computed. For the energy range E ∼(5−10) GeV of charm quark, it is found to be almost same order as that of radiative ones estimatedto a first order opacity expansion. The collisional energy loss will become much more important forlower energy charm quarks and this feature could be very interesting for phenomenology of hadronsspectra.Munshi Golam MustafaTheo1.4.1.2 Dynamical Screening in a Quark-Gluon PlasmaWe calculate the wake potential of a fast parton moving through a quark gluon plasma usingthe framework of the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation. We found an anisotropic potential showing aminimum in the direction of the parton velocity. Possible consequences of this potential on binarystates in a quark-gluon plasma are discussed.Purnendu Chakraborty, Munshi Golam Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†Theo1.4.1.3 Some Applications of Thermal Field Theory to Quark-Gluon PlasmaIn this review we briefly introduce the thermal field theory within imaginary time formalism, thehard thermal loop perturbation theory and some of its applications to the physics of the quarkgluonplasma, possibly created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.Munshi Golam MustafaTheo1.4.1.4 Susceptibilities and Speed of Sound from the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-LasinioModelWe present the Taylor expansion coefficients of the pressure in quark number chemical potentialµ 0 = µ B /3 = µ u = µ d , for the strongly interacting matter as described by the PNJL model for twolight degenerate flavours of quarks u and d. The expansion has been done upto eighth order in µ 0 ,and the results are consistent with recent estimates from Lattice. We have further obtained thespecific heat C V , squared speed of sound v 2 s and the conformal measure ∆ C.Sanjay K Ghosh†, Tamal K Mukherjee†, Rajarshi Ray, Munshi G MustafaTheo

16 Biennial Report 2005-071.4.1.5 Wakes in the Quark-Gluon PlasmaUsing the high temperature approximation we study, within the linear response theory, the wakein the quark-gluon plasma by a fast parton owing to dynamical screening in the space like region.When the parton moves with a speed less than the average speed of the plasmon, we find that thewake structure corresponds to a screening charge cloud traveling with the parton with one signflip in the induced charge density resulting in a Lennard-Jones type potential in the outward flowwith a short range repulsive and a long range attractive part. On the other hand if the partonmoves with a speed higher than that of plasmon, the wake structure in the induced charge densityis found to have alternate sign flips and the wake potential in the outward flow oscillates analogousto Cerenkov like wave generation with a Mach cone structure trailing the moving parton. Thepotential normal to the motion of the parton indicates a transverse flow in the system. We alsocalculate the potential due to a color dipole and discuss consequences of possible new bound statesand J/ψ suppression in the quark-gluon plasma.Purnendu Chakraborty, Munshi G Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†Theo1.4.1.6 Working Group Report: Heavy-Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon PlasmaThis is the report of Heavy Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma at WHEPP-09 which was part ofWorking Group-4. Discussion and work on some aspects of Quark-Gluon Plasma believed to havecreated in heavy-ion collisions and in early universe are reported.Munshi Golam Mustafa, Sudhir Raniwala†Theo1.4.1.7 Thermodynamics of the PNJL Model with Nonzero Baryon and IsospinChemical PotentialsWe have extende the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model for two degenerate flavours toinclude the isospin chemical potential (µ I ). All the diagonal and mixed derivatives of pressurewith respect to the quark number (proportional to baryon number) chemical potential (µ 0 ) andisospin chemical potential upto sixth order have been extracted at µ 0 = µ I = 0. These derivativesgive the generalized susceptibilities with respect to quark and isospin numbers. Similar estimatesfor the flavour diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities are also presented. Comparison to LatticeQCD (LQCD) data of some of these susceptibilities for which LQCD data are available, showsimilar temperature dependence, though there are some quantitative deviations above the crossovertemperature. We have also looked at the effects of instanton induced flavour-mixing coming fromthe U A (1) chiral symmetry breaking.Swagato Mukherjee†, Rajarshi Ray, Munshi G MustafaTheo

Theoretical Physics 171.4.1.8 Energy gain of heavy quarks by fluctuations in the QGPThe collisional energy gain of a heavy quark due to chromo-electromagnetic field fluctuations ina quark-gluon plasma is investigated. The field fluctuations lead to an energy gain of the quarkfor all temperatures and velocities. The net effect is a reduction of the collisional energy loss by15-40% for parameters relevant at RHIC energiesPurnendu Chakraborty, Munshi G Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†Theo1.5 Publications1.5.1 Volumes EditedBikash Sinha (Ed), Journal of Physics: Conference Series 50, Proc of the 5th InternationalConference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark Gluon Plasma, (IoP, Bristol, 2006)1.5.2 Publications in Edited VolumesAmit Ghosh, Parthasarathi Mitra, Counting of black hole microstates, in Special Issue of IJP (Vol80) on Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, Ed(s) JK Bhattacharjee (IACS, Kolkata, 2006) p8671.5.3 Papers in Journals2005MM Aggarwal†, Bikash Sinha, et al, Centrality and Transverse Momentum Dependence of CollectiveFlow in 158-A-GEV PB+PB Collision measured via inclusive photons, Nucl Phys A762(2005) 129Hua Bai†, Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Tachyon condensation on the intersecting brane-antibranesystem, JHEP 08 (2005) 068Shibaji Banerjee†, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Sanjay K Ghosh†, Ernst-Michael Ilgenfritz†, SibajiRaha†, Bikash Sinha, Eiichi Takasugi†, Hiroshi Toki†, Cosmological dark energy from the cosmicQCD phase transition and colour entanglement, Phys Letts B611 (2005) 27Bireswar Basu-Mallick, Tanaya Bhattacharyya, Bhabani Prasad Mandal†, Phase shift analysis ofPT-symmetric nonhermitian extension of A N−1 Calogero model without confining interaction, ModPhys Lett A20 (2005) 543Bireswar Basu-Mallick, Tanaya Bhattacharyya, Diptiman Sen†, Multi-band structure of a couplingconstant for quantum bound states of a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger model, Phys LettA341 (2005) 371

18 Biennial Report 2005-07Dipankar Chakrabarti†, A Harindranath, Lubomir Martinovic†, Grigorii B Pivovarov†, James PVary†, Ab initio results for the broken phase of scalar light front field theory, Phys Lett B617(2005) 92Dipankar Chakrabarti†, A Harindranath, James P Vary†, A transition in the spectrum of thetopological sector of φ 4 2 the at strong coupling, Phys Rev D71 (2005) 125012Purnendu Chakraborty, Munshi G Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†, Screening of a Moving Partonin the Quark-Gluon Plasma, Phys Rev C71 (2005) 017901NK Das, RK Bhandari†, P Sen, B Sinha, The Helium potential of India, Current Science 88(2005) 1883Nisith K Das, Rakesh K Bhandari†, Debasis Ghose, Prasanta Sen, Bikash Sinha, Anomalous Fluctuationof radon, gamma dose and helium emanating from thermal spring prior to earthquake,Current Science 89 (2005) 1399Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy Maiti, Tilak Sinha, Investigations in 1+1 dimensionallattice φ 4 theory, Phys Rev D72 (2005) 094503Asit K De, A Harindranath, Jyotirmoy Maiti, Tilak Sinha, Topological charge in 1+1 dimensionallattice φ 4 theory, Phys Rev D72 (2005) 094504SK Dhiman†, R Shyam, Structure of 8 B and astrophysical S 17 factor, J Phys G31 (2005) S1531Abhee K Dutt-Mazumder, Jane Alam†, Pradip Roy, Bikash Sinha, Stopping Power of Hot QCDPlasma, Phys Rev D71 (2005) 094016Amit Ghosh, Parthasarathi Mitra, An improved estimate of black hole entropy in the quantumgeometry approach, Phys Lett B616 (2005) 114Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Non-SUSY p-branes delocalized in two directions, tachyon condensationand T-duality, JHEP 06 (2005) 026Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, K Sridhar†, NLO-QCD corrections to Dilepton Production inthe Randall-Sundrum Model, JHEP 10 (2005) 031Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, K Sridhar†, WL van Neerven†, Next-to-Leading Order QCDcorrections to the Drell-Yan Cross section in models of TEV-Scale Graviy, Nucl Phys B713 (2005)333Munshi G Mustafa, Energy Loss of Charm Quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma: Collisional vsRadiative, Phys Rev C72 (2005) 014905JF Nieves†, PB Pal, Gravitational decay of the Z-boson, Phys Rev D72 (2005) 093006Sibaji Raha†, Shibaji Banerjee, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Sanjay K Ghosh†, Ernst-Michael Ilgen-

Theoretical Physics 19fritz†, Bikash Sinha, Eiichi Takasugi†, Hiroshi Toki†, Strangeness, cosmological cold dark matterand dark energy, J Phys G31 (2005) S857Munshi G Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†, Quenching of Hadron Spectra due to Collisional EnergyLoss of Partons in the Quark-Gluon Plasma, Acta Phys Hung A22 (2005) 93Harvendra Singh, de-Sitter space, (D)pp waves and star-matrix model, JHEP 06 (2005) 0612006A Abada†, G Bhattacharyya, M Losada†, Neutrinos in the simplest little Higgs scenario and TeVleptogenesis, Phys Rev D73 (2006) 033006 [hep-ph/0511275]A Abada†, G Bhattacharyya, G Moreau†, A new mechanism of neutrino mass generation in theNMSSM with broken lepton number, Phys Lett B642 (2006) 503 [hep-ph/0606179]Biswajit Adhikary, Biswajoy Brahmachari†, Ambar Ghosal, Ernest Ma†, MK Parida†, A(4) symmetryand prediction of U(e3) in a modified Altarelli-Feruglio model, Phys Lett B638 (2006) 345MM Aggarwal†, Bikash Sinha, et al, Pion Freeze-out Time in Pb + Pb Collisions at 158-A-GeV/cStudied via π − π + and K − /K + Ratios, WA98 Collaboration, E-Print: nucl-ex/0607018 July (2006)9AP Balachandra, TR Govindarajan†, Kumar S Gupta, S Kurkcuoglu†, Noncommutative Two DimensionalGravities, Class Quantum Grav 23 (2006) 5799Debades Bandyopadhyay, Hadrons in compact stars, Pramana 66 (2006) 817Shibaji Banerjee†, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Sanjay K Ghosh†, Bikash Sinha, et el, Coloured entangledorphan quarks and dark energy from cosmic QCD phase transition, Nucl Phys A774 (2006)769Bireswar Basu-Mallick, Nilanjan Bondyopadhaya, Exact partition function of SU(m|n) supersymmetricHaldane-Shastry spin chain, Nucl Phys B757 (2006) 280G Bhattacharyya, PB Pal, H Päs†, TJ Weiler†, Radiative neutrino decay and CP-violation inR-parity violating supersymmetry, Phys Rev D74 (2006) 053006G Bhattacharyya, K Rao†, K Sridhar†, Studying the effects of minimal length in large extra dimensionalmodels in the jet + missing energy channels at hadron colliders, Eur Phys J C47 (2006)839 [hep-ph/0512050]G Bhattacharyya, A Raychaudhuri†, Remarks on flavour mixings from orbifold compactification, JPhys G32 (2006) B1 [hep-ph/0511276]SJ Brodsky†, D Chakrabarti†, A Harindranath, A Mukherjee†, JP Vary†, Hadron optics: diffractionpatterns in deeply virtual Compton scattering, Phys Lett B641 (2006) 440

20 Biennial Report 2005-07Oliver Buss†, Luis Alvarez-Rusox†, Pascal Muehlich†, Ulrich Mosel†, Radhey Shyam, Low-energypions in nuclear matter and pi pi photoproduction within a BUU transport model, Acta Phys Hung26/1 (2006) 167D Chakraborty†, TK Roy, Generation and prediction of self-similar processes by surrogates, Fractals14 (2006) 17Purnendu Chakraborty, Munshi G Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†, Wakes in the quark-gluon plasma,Phys Rev D74 (2006) 0940 02Sayan K Chakrabarti, Kumar S Gupta, Asymptotic Quasinormal Modes of Gauss-Bonnet BlackHole in String Derived Gravity, Int J Mod Phys A21 3565 (2006)K Chandrasekar†, M Senthilvelan†, Anjan Kundu, M Lakshmanan†, A nonlocal connection betweencertain linear and nonlinea differential equations/oscillators, J Phys A39 (2006) 9743 (10945-Erratum)Debarati Chatterjee, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Effect of hyperon-hyperon interaction on bulk viscosityand r-mode instability in neutron stars, Phys Rev D74 (2006) 023003Sandhya Choubey†, Kamales Kar, Possible violation of the spin-statistics relation for neutrinos:checking through future galactic supernova, Phys Lett B364 (2006)14JJ Das†, VM Datar†, P Sugathan†, N Madhavan†, PV Madhusudhana Rao†, A Jhingan†, A Navin†,SK Dhiman†, S Barua†, S Nath†, T Varughese†, AK Sinha†, R Singh†, A Ray†, DL Sastry†, RGKulkarni†, R Shyam, Astrophysical S 17 (0) factor from a measurement of d(7Be,8B)n reaction atE c.m. = 4.5 MeV, Phys Rev C73 (2006) 015808Nisith K Das, Rakesh K Bhandari†, Debasis Ghose, Prasanta Sen, Bikash Sinha, Explosive Burstin Thermal Spring Emanation, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 64 (2006) 144Nisith K Das, Hirok Choudhury, RK Bhandari, Debasis Ghose, Prasanta Sen, Bikash Sinha, Continuousmonitoring of 222 Rn and its progeny at a remote station for seismic hazard surveillance,Radiation Measurements 41 (2006) 634Amit Ghosh, Parthasarathi Mitra, Counting black hole microscopic states in loop quantum gravity,Phys Rev D74 (2006) 064026Sanjay K Ghosh†, Tamal K Mukherjee†, Munshi G Mustafa, Rajarshi Ray, Susceptibilities andspeed of sound from PNJL model, Phys Rev D73 (2006) 114007Ambar Ghosal, Debasish Majumdar, MK Parida†, et al, Working group report: Flavor physicsand model building, Pramana 67 (2006) 849Kamales Kar, Soumya Chakravarti†, VR Manfredi†, Beta decay rates for nuclei with 115

Theoretical Physics 21657Anjan Kundu, Integrable multi atom matter-radiation models without rotating wave approximation,Phys Lett A350 (2006) 210Anjan Kundu, Integrable hierarchy of higher nonlinear Schrödinger type equations, SIGMA 2(2006), 078, 12Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Fundamental strings and NS5-branes from unstable D-branes in supergravity,Phys Lett B637 (2006) 326Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, Angular distribution of Drell-Yan process at hadron collidersto NLO-QCD in models of TeV scale gravity, Nucl Phys B753 (2006) 1Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, NLO QCD corrections to Drell-Yan in TeV-scale gravity models,Nucl Phys (Proc Suppl) B157 (2006) 251Munshi G Mustafa, Some Applications of Thermal Field Theory to Quark-Gluon Plasma, Pramana66 (2006) 669Munshi G Mustafa, Purnendu Chakraborty, Markus H Thoma†, Dynamical Screening in a QuarkGluon Plasma, J Phys Conf Ser 50 (2006) 438Munshi G Mustafa, Sudhir Raniwala†, Working Group Report: Heavy-Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma, Pramana D67 (2006) 961KK Nandi†, Y-Z Zhang†, A Bhadra†, Parthasarathi Mitra, Scalar field entropy in brane worldblack holes, Int J Mod Phys A21 (2006) 2519Shibaji Roy, Harvendra Singh, Space-like branes, accelerating cosmologies and the near ‘horizon,JHEP 0608 (2006) 24N Sahu†, Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, UA Yajnik†, Baryogenesis via Leptogenesis in presence ofcosmic strings, Nucl Phys B752 (2006) 280R Shyam, Hyperon production in near threshold nucleon-nucleon collisions, Phys Rev C73 (2006)035211R Shyam, Strangeness production in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, Pramana 66(2006) 765R Shyam, H Lenske†, U Mosel†, A relativistic two-nucleon model for A(p,K + ) Λ B reaction, NuclPhys A764 (2006) 313Harvendra Singh, More on Tachyon Cosmology in deSitter Gravity, JHEP 0601 (2006) 071Harvendra Singh, (A)symmetric tachyon rolling in de-Sitter spacetime: A universe devoid of Planckdensity, Nucl Phys B734 (2006) 169

22 Biennial Report 2005-072007Biswajit Adhikary, Ambar Ghosal, Constraining CP violation in a softly broken A(4) symmetricModel, Phys Rev D75 (2007) 073020Hua Bai†, Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Intersecting non-SUSY p-brane with chargeless 0-braneas black p-brane, JHEP 01 (2007) 094SJ Brodsky†, D Chakrabarti†, A Harindranath, A Mukherjee†, JP Vary†, Hadron optics in threedimensionalinvariant coordinate space from deeply virtual Compton scattering, Phys Rev D75(2007) 014003Purnendu Chakraborty, Munshi Golam Mustafa, Markus H Thoma†, Energy gain of heavy quarksby fluctuations in the QGPch emical potentials, Phys Rev C75 (2007) 064908Debarati Chatterjee, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Exotic bulk viscosity and its influence on neutronstar r-modes, Astrophysics and Space Science 308 (2007) 451R Cowsik†, Charu Ratnam†, Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, S Majumdar†, Dynamics of dwarfspheroidalsand the dark matter halo of the Galaxy, New Astronomy 12 (2007) 507Kumar S Gupta, Siddhartha Sen†, Black Holes, Holography and Moduli Space Metric, Phys LettB646 (2007) 265MC Kumar, Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran†, PDF and scale uncertainties of various DY distributionsin ADD and RS models at hadron colliders, Eur Phys J C49 (2007) 599Anjan Kundu, q-boson in quantum integrable systems, SIGMA 3 (2007) 040, 14 (Vadim Kuznetsovmemorial volume)Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Non-SUSY p-branes, bubbles and tubular branes, Nucl Phys B763(2007) 170Debasish Majumdar, Ambar Ghosal, Probing deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing through ultrahigh energy neutrino signals, Phys Rev D75 (2007) 113004Debasish Majumdar, Kamales Kar, Beta decay rates of nuclei with 65

Theoretical Physics 23Harvendra Singh, 3-branes on Eguchi-Hanson 6D instantons, General Relativity and Gravitation39 (2007) 839JF Nieves, PB Pal, Comment on “Can gravity distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos?”,Phys Rev Lett 98 (2007) 0690011.5.4 Publications in News PaperBikash Sinha, Nijer Pith Nijei..., Annyara Ki Bolchhe, Shunun, Ananda Bazar Patrika, March 16,20061.5.5 Papers in Conference ProceedingsDebasish Majumdar, Probing Tribimaximal mixing using GRB Neutrinos, in Proc of XVII DAE-BRNS Symposium on High Energy Physics, Ed PK Raina, (BRNS, DAE, Mumbai, 2007) p139Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, A common origin of the highest energy cosmic rays and baryon asymmetryof the Universe?, Proc of 29th ICRC 9 (2005) p207Prakash Mathews, V Ravindran, NLO QCD corrections to Drell-Yan in TeV-scale gravity models,in Nucl Phys: Proc Suppl B157, 7th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applicationof Quantum, Field Theory to Phenomenology (RADCOR 2005), Eds J Fujimoto, J Kodaria,T Uematsu, (Elsevier, Japan, 2006) p251Debarati Chatterjee, Sarmistha Banik, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Exotica in rotating compact stars,in J Phys Conf Ser 50, Proc 5th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of QuarkGluon Plasma, Eds B Sinha, J Alam and TK Nayak, (IoP, Bristol, 2006) p2161.6 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools&c100 Years of Relativity, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, April 21,2005•PB Pal, Geometry of the universe (Invited)NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Trends in particle detection of experimentsat the future European facilities, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine, May 16-20, 2005•Bikash Sinha, The Changing Panorama of Physical Sciences - The Indian Kaleidoscope1st Meeting of Indo-Brazil Science Council meeting to be held at Rio de Janeiro,June 22-23, 2005

24 Biennial Report 2005-07•Bikash Sinha, Attended as a member of the Indian Delegation made by the Department of Science& Technology, Govt of IndiaSattelite Meeting on Neutrino Physics, IIT, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, August1-2, 2005•Debasish Majumdar, Oscillation Physics at INO (Invited)18th International Conference on Ultra Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QuarkMatter 2005), Budapest, Hungary, August 4-9, 2005•Bikash Sinha, Cosmological Dark Energy from the Cosmic QCD Phase Transition•Bikash Sinha, Chaired a session on Astrophysics and Interdisciplinary Aspects of Quark MatterAspects of Grammar and Language (Paschim Banga Bangla Akademi), Kolkata, India,August 17-19, 2005•PB Pal, Bhasha-shikkhon o projukti (Language teaching and technology) (Invited) [Prosongo:Bangla byakaran (2), (Paschim Banga Bangla Akademi, Kolkata, 2006)]Workshop on New Physics of Compact Stars (European Centre for Theoretical Studiesin Nuclear Physics and Related Areas), Trento, Italy, September 12-17, 2005•Debades Bandyopadhyay, Cold and dense matter in compact stars and laboratory (Invited)International Scoping Study Meeting on Neutrino Factory (CERN, Geneva), CERN,Geneva, Switzerland, September 22-24, 2005•Debasish Majumdar, Neutrinos from Neutrino Factory and INOInternational Workshop on Analysis, Synthesis and Perspective of Music, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India, September 26-29, 2005•Bikash Sinha, The Music of Physics (Invited)National Workshop on String Theory, Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur, UP, India,October 9-16, 2005•H Singh, Tachyon cosmology: A universe without Planck density (Invited)•Jian-Xin Lu†, Shibaji Roy, Analogy of open string tachyon condensation in supergravity (Invited)Conference on India’s Competitiveness and Preparedness in Science & Technologyfor the Coming Decades (Issues, Challenges and Strategies), National Institute of AdvancedStudies, Bangalore, October 26-27, 2005•Bikash Sinha, Transnational Collaboration (Invited)The international year of Physics (Bengal Engineering and Science University),Howrah, West Bengal, India, November 30-December 2, 2005•PB Pal, Geometry of the universe (Invited)DAE-BRNS 50th Symposium on Nuclear Physics at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Mumbai, December 12-17, 2005•Bikash Sinha, The Changing Scenario of Nuclear Physics - An Indian Kaleidoscope(Invited)•Radhey Shyam, Strangeness production in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions (Invited)

Theoretical Physics 25Topical Conference on Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, Indian Association forthe Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, December 14-12, 2005•Bikash Sinha, Light from the Micro & the Macro Cosmos (Invited)International Workshop on Einstein’s Legacy in the New Millenium, (IUCAA andUtkal University, Bhubaneswar), Toshali Sands, Puri, December 15-22, 2005•H Singh, Inflation from tachyon rolling: Universe without Planck density(Invited)IXth Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP-9) (DAE), Instituteof Physics, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, January 3-14, 2006•Ambar Ghosal, Working group report: Flavor physics and model building (Invited) [Pramana 67(2006) p849]•V Ravindran, A Tripathi, P Agrawal, R Basu, S Bhattacharya, J Blumlein, V Del Duca, R Harlander,D Kosower, P Mathews, Working group report: Quantum chromodynamics [Pramana, EdP Agrawal, Bhubaneswar, India, 67 (2006) p983]•Debasish MajumdarSchool-cum-Workshop on Low Energy Nuclear Astrophysics, SINP, Kolkata, WB,India, January 15-20, 2006•Kamales Kar, The INO proposal and neutrino astrophysics (Invited)•INO Training School, INO Collaboration, India, Harish-Chandra Research Institute,Allahabad, UP, India, January 18-19, 2006•Kamales Kar, Neutrinos from supernovae (Invited)BRNS Workhop on Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP-Meet’06), Variable Energy CyclotronCentre, Kolkata, India, February 5-7, 2006•Bikash Sinha, The Changing Panorama of Nuclear Physics - The Indian Kaleidoscope (Invited)Ramanujan Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics, Madras Univ, February 6-8, 2006•Anjan KunduINO Meeting, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, February22-24, 2006•Debasish MajumdarInternational Workshop on Tsunami and Non-linear Waves, Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, India, March 6-10, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Implication of Geochemical Precursory Signals Vis-as-Vis EarthquakeLinear Collider Workshop (LCWS06), Bangalore, Indian, March 9-13, 2006•Prakash Mathews, Extra dimensions search at hadroncolliders to next-to-leading order QCD (Invited)[Pramana: J of Phys 69 (2007) p871]34th Symposium for Research Awardees (Alexzander von Humboldt Research Award),Bamberg, Germany, March 23-26, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Phase Transition - Big Bang & Mini Bang (Invited)

26 Biennial Report 2005-07One Day Symposium on Vistas of the Present-day Physics Research (Indian PhysicalSociety), SINP, Kolkata, India, March 30, 2006•Kamales Kar, Neutrinos in nuclear and particle astrophysics(Invited)International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics 2006 (ISHIP 2006), Frankfurt Instituteof Advanced Studies, Frnakfurt, Germany, April 3-6, 2006•Bikash Sinha, QCD Phase Transition - mini bang and big bangINO School I (INO Collaboration), Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh, India, April 24-25, 2006•Debasish Majumdar, Ultra High Energy Neutrinos (Invited)Isolated Neutron Stars: from the Surface to the Interior (University College of London),London, UK, April 24-28, 2006•Debarati Chatterjee, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Exotic bulk viscosity and its influence on neutronstar r-modes (Invited) [Ed(s) S Zane, R Turolla, D Page (Astrophysics and Space Science 308(2007) p451]INO School II (INO Collaboration), VECC, SINP, Kolkata, West Bangal, India, May1-13, 2006•Debasish Majumdar, Simulation of ICAL detector for atmospheric neutrinos (Invited)Workshop on String Vacua and the Landscape, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, May 29-June03, 2006•H SinghInternational Colloquium on Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries, Prague,June 15-17, 2006•Anjan KunduInternational Workshop on Nonlinear Physics: Theory and experiment II, Gallipoli,Italy, June 22-July 1, 2006•Anjan KunduSchool on chaos in classical and quantum systems, Universidad Complutense deMadrid, El Escorial, Spain, July 17-21, 2006•Kamales Kar, Nuclei, chaos and spectral distribution methods (Invited)Third Asia-Pacific Conference on Few Body Problems in Physics, Nakhon RatchasimaUniversity, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, July 26-30, 2006•Debades Bandyopadhyay, Bose-Einstein condensation in neutron stars (Invited) [Few Body Problemsin Physics, Proc of Third Asia-Pacific Conference, Ed(s) Y Yan, C Kobdaj, P Suebka (WorldScientific, Singapore, 2007), p197]Seminar on Emergency Trends in Physics (SGTB Khalsa College), University of Delhi,Delhi, India, September 10, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Key Note address

Theoretical Physics 27Flavour in the era of the LHC- 4th meeting, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, October9-11, 2006•Prakash MathewsIX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (JohannesGutenberg Universitaet) Institute fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet Mainz, Mainz,Rheinland Pfalz, Germany, October 10-14, 2006•Radhey Shyam, Fully relativistic description of Hypernuclear production in proton- and pion-Nucleus Collisions (Invited)Physics and Astrophysics of Hadrons and Hadronic Matter (DAE-BRNS), Departmentof Physics, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bangal, India, November6-11, 2006•Debarati Chatterjee, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Role of antikaon condensation in r-mode instability(Invited)•Debasish Majumdar, Dark Matter - Possible Candidates and Direct Detection (Invited)•Asit K De, Hadrons from Lattice QCD (Invited)Refresher Course, University of Calcutta, Department of Pure Physics, Kolkata, India,November 16-22, 2006•Kamales Kar, Neutrino physics(Invited)19th International Conference on Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions (QuarkMatter 2006), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, November 20, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Chaired the Last SessionWorkshop on Selected Topics on Heavy Flavour Production in High Energy Collisions,Tsinghua University, Beijing, November 22-23, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Session ChairSonderforschungsbereich/Transreggio Meeting on Hadron Physics, UniversitaetBochum, Villa Bommerholz, Bochum, Rheinland WestFalia, Germany, November 27-28, 2006•Radhey Shyam, Hadrons in Nuclear Matter (Invited)XXIII Texas symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics (Melbourne University), Melbourne,Australia, December 11-15, 2006•Debarati Chatterjee, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Exotic bulk viscosity and neutron star r-modesXVII DAE BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium, Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, December 11-15, 2006•Ambar Ghosal, Recent models of Neutrino Masses and Mixing (Invited)•Prakash Mathews, QCD prerequisities for extra dimension searches (Invited) [Proc XVII DAEBRNS High Energy Physics Symposium, Mumbai, p25]•Debasish Majumdar, Ambar Ghosal, Probing Deviation from Tri-bimaximal with GRB neutrinos•Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Session Chair

28 Biennial Report 2005-07International Workshop on String Theory-ISM06, (IOP, Bhubaneswar) Toshali Sands,Puri, Orissa, India December 12-19, 2006•H Singh, Session ChairTopical Meeting on Physics at the Large Hadron Collider, Harish-Chandra ResearchInstitute, Allahabad, India, December 16-21, 2006•Prakash MathewsThe Golden Jubilee Workshop on Astroparticle Physic (TIFR, Mumbai), Ooty, India,December 18-19, 2006•Bikash Sinha, Collaboration Research in India (Invited)Workshop on Field Theoretic Aspects of Gravity V (BITS-Pilani at Goa Campus),Goa, December 18-23, 2006•Parthasarathi Mitra, Hawking temperature from tunnelling formalism (Invited)TIFR Golden Jubilee Symposium and Winter School, Ooty, India, December 18-28,2006•Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Probing cosmic ray origin with diffuse gamma rays (Invited)37th Mid Term Symposium on Information Communication Technology Initiative forRural Development (ICTRID-06), International Tower Salt Lake Electronics Complex,Kolkata, India, 2006•Bikash Sinha, The Changing Panorama of Nuclear Physics - Indian Kaleidoscope (Invited)21st International Workshop on Weak Interactions and Neutrinos (WIN07), SahaInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, January 15-20, 2007•Debasish Majumdar, Dark Matter in Inert Doublet Model - Direct Detection Rates•PB Pal, Issues in neutrino astrophysics and cosmology (Invited)Joint Indo-German School and Workshop (JIGSAW-07) on Neutrinos in Physics, Astrophysicsand Cosmology, TIFR, Mumbai, India, February 12 - 23, 2007•Pijushpani Bhattacharjee, Neutrino mass, cosmic strings, leptogenesis and UHECR (Invited)Science Day Celebration (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), Kolkata, India, February28, 2007•Debades Bandyopadhyay, Supernova Explosions (Invited)Workshop on Nuclear and Atomic Technique based Inter Disciplinary Research,Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, March 29, 2007•Bikash Sinha (Invited)

Theoretical Physics 291.7 Ph D Awards & SubmissionsParamita Dey [Gautam Bhattacharyya], Some phenomenological aspects of extra dimensional models,Jadavpur University, Submitted October 2005, Awarded December 2006Tilak Sinha [Asit K De], Nonperturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theories using Lattice Regularization,Jadavpur University, Submitted July 2005, Awarded August 20061.8 Honours and DistinctionsBikash Sinha•Honorius Doctorate from National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2005•Humbolt Research Award of the Alexander von Humbolt Foundation in November 2005Gautam Bhattacharyya•BM Birla Science Prize in Physics for the year 2005Debades Bandyopadhyay•Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, May-July, 2006Radhey Shyam•Senior Associate, Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy (2003-2008)Anjan Kundu•Senior Associate Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy (2006-2011)Prakash Mathews•Associate Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy, (2002-2009)1.9 Teaching elsewhereGautam BhattacharyyaScenarios of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (9), January-February 2007,) SERC main school inTheoretical High Energy Physics, Hyderabad University, Hyderabad, AP, IndiaPrakash MathewsPerturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (9), January 18-27, 2007, Guest Faculty at the XXII SERCMain School in High Energy Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, IndiaPijushpani BhattacharjeeHigh energy neutrino astrophysics (3) , February 21-23, 2007, JIGSAW-School, TIFR, Mumbai,IndiaDiffusive shock acceleration mechanism (2), December 19-20, 2006, Cosmic Ray Laboratory, Ooty

30 Biennial Report 2005-07(TIFR)Anjan KunduNonlinear Dynamics (10), January, 2006, SERC Schools, Pondichery Univ, Pondichery, India1.10 Seminars given elsewhereAsit K De•Nonperturbative properties of U(1) gauge theory in 3+1 dimensions and φ 4 theory in 1+1 dimensions,Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, January 10, 2006Bikash Sinha•Changing Panorama of Research and Developments in India and Kolkata in particular, FoundationDay Lecture of Central Mechanical Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, February26, 2006•Emergence of Modern Physics (Invited), Teacher Training Programme for Kendriya Vidyalaya,Kolkata, India, February 10-12, 2006•“India’s involvement in various accelerator oriented activities” in Theory room, GSI, Darmstadt,March 27, 2006•“Past and Future linkages between BARC & VECC” at the Golden Jubilee Year of BARC, BARC,April 25, 2006•“Story of Cyclotron in the Cyclotron City, Kolkata” on the auspices of Kishore Vaigyanik ProtshanYojona, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, May 18, 2006•Indian Nuclear Energy Programme, Humboldt Club Kolkata, May 18, 2006•VECC - Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, VEC Centre, Kolkata, May 30, 2006•Colloquium on Phase Transition - Big Bang & Mini Bang, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,Kolkata, May 31, 2006•VECC Past, Present and Future, on the occasion of VECC Foundation Day Ceremony, MeghnadSaha Auditorium, VECC Campus, Kolkata, June 16, 2006•The Changing Panorama of Nuclear Physics - Indian Kaleidoscope, Inter-University Centre forAstronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, October 05, 2006•Universality of Fundamental Science (Invited), Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata,October 31, 2006•Convocation Address at National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, November 04, 2006•The Aesthetics and Beauty of Art and Science (Convocation lecture), Tagore Society, RabindraBhavan, Jamshedpur, December 24, 2006•The Changing Panorama of Physical Sciences - The India Kaleidoscope (UGC sponsore State LevelSeminar on Mechanics from Micro to Macro Region), Bethune College, Kolkata, India, February06, 2007•The Changing Panorama of Nuclear Physics - Indian Kaleidoscope, Jadavpur University underthe aegis of Swami Vivekanand Centre for Technical Manpower Development, March 15, 2007•A Colloquium on “AND THAT WAS NO ORDINARY Light”, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,Kolkata, November 9, 2005•Physics in Twentieth Century - A Perspective (Invited), Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture,Kolkata, December 13, 2005

Theoretical Physics 31Pijushpani Bhattacharjee•Spots on the Cosmic Blackbody: 2006 Physics Nobel Prize, VECC, Kolkata, India, January 2,2007Radhey Shyam•Hidden and Open strangeness production in nuclear Collisons, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar,Orissa, India, May 14, 2006•Hypernuclear Production in proton and pion induced reactions on nuclei, Institute fuer Theo.Physics, Univ. Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany, December 12, 2006Shibaji Roy•Non-supersymmetric branes and tachyon condensation, Interdisciplinary Center for TheoreticalStudy, Hefei, Anhui, China, June 4, 2005•A tour through strings and branes, Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study, Hefei, Anhui,China, June 9, 2005•Time-dependent solutions in M/string theory and accelerating cosmology, Interdisciplinary Centerfor Theoretical Study, Hefei, Anhui, China, July 4, 2006•Features of non-supersymmetric branes, Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study, Hefei, Anhui,China, July 14, 2006Palash Baran Pal•The life story of a typical star, Refresher Course organized by Physics Department, Calcutta University,Kolkata, India, September 11, 2005•Schwinger propagator and its limitations, Physics Department, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India,July 4, 2006•Level-crossing phenomena in astrophysics, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, Karnatake,India, October 31, 2006•Measuring lengths, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India,November 2, 2006•Level-crossing phenomena in astrophysics, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,Karnataka, India, November 3, 2006•Einstein and the corpuscular view of the universe, Dumdum Motijhil College, Kolkata, India,April 1, 2005•Apekkhikotar prasongikota (The relevance of relativity), organized by PashchimBanga BigyanMancha, held at Ballygunj Science College, Kolkata, India, April 29, 2005•Geometry of the universe, Bidhan-Nagar College, Kolkata, India, July 29, 2005•Moulik podarther utpotti (Origin of the elements), Jogmaya Devi College, Kolkata, India, September12, 2005•Elementary particles, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata, India, September 19, 2005•Unification of forces, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India, September 27, 2005•Einstein o amra (Einstein and us), Baruipur Book Fair, Kolkata, India, December 15, 2005•Bol somporkito dharona (The concept of Force), Institute of Physics, Basirhat, Basirhat, WestBengal, India, December 22, 2005•Forces: from Newton to Einstein, Ballyganj Shiksha Sadan, Kolkata, India, December 23, 2005•Jyotirbider jontropati (The instruments of astronomy), Sky Watchers (Venue ?? Date ???)•Doirghyer porimap (Measurements of length), Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India, November

32 Biennial Report 2005-0729, 2006•Doirghyer porimap (Measurements of length), Visva-Bharati University, Shantiniketan, West Bengal,India, March 1, 2007Debades Bandyopadhyay•Neutron stars as dense matter laboratories, Department of Physics, Auckland University, Auckland,New Zealand, August 3, 2005•Exotic bulk viscosity and r-mode instability in neutron stars, Department of Physics, Pisa University,Pisa, Italy, October 6, 2005•Supernova explosion and the birth of a neutron star, Department of Physics, Presidency College,Kolkata, India, January 7, 2006Debarati Chatterjee•Exotic bulk viscosity and its effect on neutron star r-modes, Institute for Theoretical Physics,Frankfurt University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, June 26, 2006Prakash Mathews•Extra dimension searches at hadron colliders to NLO-QCD, Centre for High Energy Physics, IISc,Bangalore, India, May 28, 2007•Extra dimension searches at hadron collider to NLO QCD ICTP, Trieste, Italy, September 25,2006•QCD Prerequisites for Extra Dimension Searches, IIT Kanpur, November 16. 2006•Expecting LHC: SM and Beyond, Colloquium, IIT Kanpur, November 15, 2006•QCD Prerequisites for Extra Dimension Searches, University of Hyderabad, February 2006 TheoreticalPhysics Seminar Circuit•QCD Prerequisites for Extra Dimension Searches, Department of Physics, Cochin University ofScience and Technology, August 30 2005, Theoretical Physics Seminar Circuit•Large Extra dimension @ LHC, Study Group on extra dimensions at LHC, Harish-Chandra ResearchInstitute, Allahabad, June 9 2005Kumar S Gupta•BTZ Black Hole and Holography, Field Theoretic Aspects of Gravity - V (FTAG - V), BITS-PilaniGoa, December 18-23, 2006•Quasinormal Modes of Black Holes, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland, 20April, 2006Harvendra Singh•Tachyon Rolling and Cosmoloy in de-Sitter Spacetime, Max-Planck Institute, Munich, Germany,June 07 , 2006•Some Aspects of Cosmology from Rolling Tachyon, IInd Institute at DESY, University of Hamburg,Hamburg, Germany, June 14 , 2006•Rolling Tachyon and Cosmoloy in de-Sitter Spacetime, Department of Physics, University ofPadova, Padova, Italy, June 22, 2006Gautam Bhattacharyya•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, PLANCK05 Conference, ICTP, Trieste,Italy, May 2005 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, CERN-TH (Phenclub), CERN, Geneva,

Theoretical Physics 33Switzerland, Sep 2005 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, GDR extra-dimension meeting, Lyon,France, Oct 2005 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, High Energy Physics Group, Saclay,France, Nov 2005 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, International workshop on ‘Symmetries,Extra Dimensions, and Unified Theories’, IIT Bombay, Mar 2006 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, International Linear Collider Workshop2006, Bangalore, Mar 2006 (Invited)•Probing KK leptons at the International Linear Collider, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal,Apr 2006 (Invited)•Phenomenology of Universal Extra-dimensional models (Review), International workshop on Symmetries,Extra Dimensions, and Unified Theories, IIT Bombay, Mar 2006•Phenomenology of Universal Extra-dimensional models (Review), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon,Apr 2006 (3 lectures)•Power law running in Universal Extra-dimensional models, International Centre for TheoreticalPhysics, Trieste, Italy, Augugust 2006•Power law running in Universal Extra-dimensional models, Physics Department, University ofPadova, Italy, September 2006•Power law running in Universal Extra-dimensional models, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki,Finland, October 2006•Power law running in Universal Extra-dimensional models, School of Physics, Hyderabad CentralUniversity, India, December 2006•Summary of ‘Alternate Scenarios’ Working Group, International Conference ‘From Strings toLHC’, Goa, India, January 2007•Summary of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Scenarios (Theory), Summary talk at the InternationalWIN07 Conference, SINP, Kolkata, India, January 2007•Theoretical Overview of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Scenarios, Plenary talk at the InternationalWIN07 Conference, SINP, Kolkata, India, January 2007Kamales Kar•The theory of type II supernova explosions, St Xavier’s College, Kolkata, India, November 23,2005•Supernovae, nuclear physics and neutrinos, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, November 29,2005•Future detection of supernova and atmospheric neutrinos and the physics issues, Frankfurt Institutefor Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany, July 24, 2006A Harindranath•Investigations in 1+1 dimensional Euclidean lattice φ 4 theory, Physics Department, Iowa StateUniversity, Ames, IA, USA, April 28, 2005•Topological sector of two dimensional φ 4 theory in Discrete Light Cone Quantization, SLAC,Stanford University, CA, USA, June 8, 2005•Lattice QCD with dynamical Wilson fermions, International Workshop on Theoretical High EnergyPhysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India, March 15-20, 2007Debasish Majumdar•Gamma Ray Bursts and Ultra High Energy Neutrinos, VECC, Kolkata, India, March 7, 2007

34 Biennial Report 2005-07Anjan Kundu•Construct of quantum integrable systems, Physics Dept, Univ Connecticut, USA, April 12, 2005•Nonlinear Phenomena Soliton & Tsunami, Statistics Dept, Univ Connecticut, USA, April 16, 2005•Unifying Yang-Baxter Algebra and its application, Physics Dept, Rochester Univ, USA, April 19,2005•Novel operator deformed quantum Hopf algebra as Yang-Baxter algebra, Math Dept, Ohio StateUniv, USA, April 24, 2005•New Yang-baxter algebra, Bergisches Univ, Wuppertal, Germany, May 20, 2006•Integrable inhomogeneous system and their quantization, Theor Physics Dept, Hannover Univ,Germany, June 2, 2006•Operator deformed quantum Hopf algebra for generating integrable systems, Theor Phys Dept,Frei Univ, Berlin, Germany, June 15, 2006•Integrable mixed systems, Phys Dept, Rome Univ, La Sapienza, Italy•Shape changing and accelerating solitons in integrable variable mass sine-Gordon model, CTS,IISc, Bangalore, February 27, 20071.11 MiscellanyBikash SinhaMember, Scientific Advisory Committee of the Prime Minister of India, New DelhiMember, Council of Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, IndiaChairman, Local Committee of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)Chairman, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, WB, IndiaPijushpani BhattacharjeeCurrently Serving as a member of the DST’s Programme Advisory Committee (PAC) on ”Plasma,High Energy, Nuclear Physics, Astronomy & Astrophysics and Nonlinear Dynamics”Prakash MathewsVisitedCERN, Switzerland (September 27-October 27 2006)Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy (August 31-September 26, 2006)Gautam BhattacharyyaVisitedCERN Theory Division, Geneva, Switzerland (August 2-September 11, 2005)LPT, Univ. de Paris XI, Orsay, France (September 11-November 11, 2005)Saclay, France (November 11-December 11, 2005)Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal (March 22-April 28, 2006)International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (March 16-May 31, 2005; August 16-October 14, 2006)

Theoretical Physics 35Radhey ShyamVisitedDepartment of Radiation Science, Univ UPPSALA, September 2005Inst fur Theo Physics, Univ of Giessen (October-December 2006)Anjan KunduVisitedPhysics and Statistics Dept, Univ Connecticut, USA (April, 2005)Physics Dept, Rochester Univ, USA (April, 2005)Math Dept, Ohio State Univ, USA (April-May, 2005)As a Member of Planning Committee for SERC Schools for Nonlinear Dynamics attented meetingat Pondichery Univ, January 7, 2005As a Member of Magaement Advisory Committee for DST project at The Centre for NonlinearStudies attended meeting at Trichy, January 8, 2005Visited Under Humbold-FoundationBergisches Univ Wuppertal (May 2006)Theor Physics Dept, Hannover Univ (June 2006)Theor Phys Dept, Frei Univ, Berlin (June, 2006)Visited Phys Dept, Rome Univ, La Sapienza, Italy (July 2006)As a Member of planning Committee for SERC School on nonlinear Dynamics attended meetingat Kolkata, August 2006As a memeber of the DST project Advisory Committee attended the meeting at Centre for NonlinearDynamice, Trichy, 25 Feb 20071.12 External CollaboratorsAbada, A, Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, FranceAlvarez-Rusox, Luis, Univ Giessen, GermanyBarua, S, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaBasu, DN, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaBhadra, A, North Bengal University, West Bengal,IndiaBrodsky, SJ, SLAC, Stanford University, CA,USABuss, Oliver, Univ Giessen, GermanyChakraborty, Debashis, RIEC, Tohoku University,Sendai, JapanChakrabarti, Dipankar, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL, USACowsik, R, Washington Univ, St Louis, USADas, JJ, Inter Univ Accelerator Centre, Delhi,IndiaDatar, VM, BARC, Mumbai, IndiaDhiman, SK, Univ of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla,IndiaGhosh, Sanjay K, Department of Physics, BoseInstitute, Kolkata, IndiaGupta, Nayantara, IIT, Mumbai, IndiaJhingan, A, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaKulkarni, RG, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaLenske, H, Univ Giessen, GermanyLosada, M, Antonio Narino Univ, ColombiaMadhavan, N, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaMajumdar, Subhabrata, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaMandal, Bhabani Prasad, Benaras Hindu University,Varanasi, IndiaMartinovic, Lubomir, Institute of Physics,Bratislava, SlovakiaMeljanac, Stjepan, Rudjer Boskovic Institute,Zagreb, CroatiaMoreau, G, Insituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon,PortugalMosel, U, Univ Giessen, Germany

36 Biennial Report 2005-07Muehlich, Pascal, Univ Giessen, GermanyMukherjee, A, Indian Institute of Technology,Mumbai, IndiaMukherjee, Sagwato, Department of TheoreticalPhysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai 400 005, IndiaMukherjee, Tamal K, Department of Physics,Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaNandi, KK, North Bengal University, West BengalNath, S, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaNavin, A GANIL, FranceNieves, JF, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan,Puerto RicoPäs, H, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii,USAPivovarov, Grigorii B, Institute of Nuclear Research,Moscow, RussiaRavindran, V, Harish-Chandra Research Institute,Allahabad, UP, IndiaRaniwala, Sudhir, University of Rajasthan,Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaRay, A, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaRaychaudhuri, Amitava, Harish-Chandra ResearchInstitute, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaRao, K, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaRao, PV Madhusudhana, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaSahu, N, PRL, Ahmedabad, IndiaSamsarov, Andjelo, Rudjer Boskovic Institute,Zagreb, CroatiaSastry, DL, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaSen, Diptiman, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,IndiaSen, S, Trinity College, Dublin, IrelandSinha, AK, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaSingh, R, Delhi University, Delhi, IndiaSridhar, K, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaSugathan, P, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaThoma, Markus H, Centre for InterdisciplinaryPlasma Science, Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrischePhysik, PO Box 1312, Garching,Bavaria, GermanyVarughese, T, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaVary, James P, Iowa State University, Ames,IA, USAWeiler, TJ, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,Tennessee, USAvan Neerven, WL, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden,NetherlandsYajnik, U, IIT, Mumbai, IndiaZhang, Y-Z, Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

2 Nuclear SciencesDuring this period most of the work carried out under the Nuclear Sciences utilized thein-house facilities developed over the couple of years and the accelerator facilities of thecountry. Members of the group also participated in a number of experiments involvinginternational collaboration. The INGA facilities installed at VECC and the 20Ne beamfrom VECC were extensively utilized to study structure properties of nuclei in differentmass regions and interesting results have been obtained. Different phenomenologicalmodels have been employed to explore the dynamics of nuclear structure and reactionin several cases. A significant amount of work was initiated for the simulation of differenttype of nuclear detectors. For this purpose, a “nearly exact Boundary Element Method(neBEM)” solver was developed. In the field of Atomic Physics, a clear signature ofmultiple ionization on L subshell ionization of Gold and Uranium has been obtained fromthe heavy-ion induced reaction. Lifetimes of several levels of singly ionized KrII, XeIIand ArII have been measured for the first time utilizing the in-house facilities. In thedomain of Applied Nuclear Sciences the study of defects and morphological features ofdifferent nanostructures as revealed from positron annihilation studies was undertaken.In addition, this group continued the study of irradiation induced defects in differentmaterials and their temperature evolution. The perturbed angular correlation (PAC)studies have been performed in Hf-Zr alloy. Developmental work related to differentdetector systems have been undertaken.2.1 Nuclear Scattering and Reactions2.1.1 Experimental Studies2.1.1.1 Indirect measurement of 14 C(n,γ) 15 C capture cross-section in AstrophysicalscenariosRadiative capture cross sections play significant role in many cosmic phenomena, i.e, galactic evolution,star formation and planet formation etc. A number of indirect methods are being exploredby experimental nuclear physicists to avoid radioactive targets and other difficulties of direct measurementsof radiative capture cross sections. Coulomb dissociation (CD) of radioactive ion beamsat intermediate energy is one of the most powerful indirect methods for measuring capture crosssection. To establish the indirect measurement of neutron capture cross sections in astrophysicalscenarios it is more essential because a neutron target is not available and targets of short-livedunstable nuclei are also not possible. We have shown for the first time that the CD method isalso very successful in measuring neutron capture cross sections by using of 14 C(n,γ) 15 C reactionand the measured cross-section is in agreement with direct measurement which has been repeated37

38 Biennial Report 2005-07several times due to problem of radioactive target. A. Hoverth et al. also measured the samereaction indirectly at NSCL, MSU but the beam energy was much lower (35 MeV/nucleon) andthe shape of the curve is different from our measurement at GSI, Darmstadt.U Datta Pramanik, T Aumann†, K Boretzky†, H Emling†, H Geissel†, G Muenzenberg†, H Simon†,K Suemmerer† et alNAP2.1.1.2 Identification of reaction channel of 20 Ne on 58 Ni through γ-ray spectroscopyafter β-decay or electron captureTo investigate the competition between various reactions mechanisms, self-supporting enriched 58 Ni(7mg/cm 2 ) target, mounted on a flange was bombarded with 145 MeV 20 Ne beam for around 12hours at the VECC (Variable Energy Cyclotron Center). Several nuclei were populated throughdifferent reaction mechanisms which were identified by characteristic γ-rays of the respective nuclei.For identification we took the irradiated target to SINP and put it front of the HPGe Detector fordetection of γ-rays. The data was taken upto 41 days for different time intervals. We observed onlythose de-excited γ-rays which were populated after electron capture or β-decay. The reaction channelswere, compound nuclear, transfer, charge exchange and deep-inelastic reactions. 72 Kr, 72 Br,72 As, 65 Ge, 64 Cu etc were populated through compound nuclear reaction. 57,59 Ni were most probablyproduct of transfer reaction where as 58 Co was populated by charge exchange reaction. 48 Vand 48 Sc were obtained through deep-inelastic channel. More detail analysis is in progress.U Datta Pramanik, Rajendra Giri†, I Ray, Sujib ChatterjeeNAP2.1.1.3 Fusion of 6 Li+ 159 TbNear and above barrier fusion cross-sections were measured for the systems 6 Li+ 159 Tb. The measurementswere carried out using beams from the 14UD Pelletron Accelerator at TIFR, Mumbai.The γ-rays emitted by the evaporation residues were detected in a Compton suppressed clover detectorplaced at 55 o w.r.t. the beam direction. Both complete and incomplete fusion products havebeen identified. The corresponding complete and incomplete fusion cross sections obtained for thissystem, in conjunction with those in our earlier published work on 7 Li+ 159 Tb and 10,11 B+ 159 Tb,will give us a clear picture of the effect of α-separation energies of the projectiles on complete fusioncross sections. Data analysis is in progress.MK Pradhan, A Mukherjee, R Kshetri, M Ray, P Basu, S Roy, M Saha Sarkar, VV Parkar†, SSantra†, S Kailas†, R Palit†, I Mazumdar†NAP2.1.1.4 Angular distribution studies of elastic scattering and inclusive α-yield of6 Li+ 159 TbAngular distribution of elastic scattering yields and inclusive α-yields were measured at energiesaround the Coulomb barrier for the system 6 Li+ 159 Tb, using beams from the 14UD BARC-TIFRPelletron Accelerator, at Mumbai. Four ∆E-E telescopes were used to detect the reaction productsof interest. The measurements were taken in the angular range 30 o -165 o . Data analysis for elastic

Nuclear Sciences 39scattering has been done. Presently, coupled channels calculations are being carried out to explainthe data. Data analysis for inclusive α-yield is in progress.MK Pradhan, A Mukherjee, S Roy, M Saha Sarkar, VV Parkar†, S Santra†, K Ramachandran†,A Chatterjee†, S Kailas†NAP2.1.1.5 Fusion cross sections measurement of 10,11 B+ 209 BiPrecise fusion cross sections measurement has been carried out at near and above barrier energiesfor the systems 10,11 B+ 209 Bi. Both evaporation residues and fission fragments were detected at eachincident energy, using pulsed beams from the 14UD Pelletron accelerator at ANU, Australia. Fissionfragments were detected in the CUBE detector array, using a large area position sensitive multiwireproportional counter, covering laboratory angles from 95 o -170 o . However, the measurementswere restricted to the angular range 95 o -165 o , since an annular silicon surface barrier detector wasplaced 8 cm from the target, at a mean angle of 174 ◦ , to detect α-particles from the evaporationresidues. For the evaporation residue measurements, a target backed by an Al catcher foil wasused. The catcher foil thickness was chosen so as to stop the recoiling heavy residues well withinthe foil. The reaction products were identified by their distinctive α-energies and half lives. Thismeasurement has been done to study the effect of breakup of 10 B on the fusion cross sections. Dataanalysis is in progress.A Mukherjee, LR Gasques†, M Dasgupta†, DJ Hinde†, RG Thomas†NAP2.1.1.6 Study of reaction mechanisms of 16 O+ 40 Ca reactions at E ( 16 O)=86 MeVthrough measurement of light charged particlesIn continuation of the work with 28 Si + nat Si system published in the previous report we took upthe work on the 16 O+ 40 Ca using the Pelletron facility of IUAC, New Delhi. The present systemproduces the same compound nucleus 56 Ni at the same excitation energy by an appropriate choiceof beam energy. Light charged particles produced in the reaction were measured over a wide angularrange (54 0 to 138 0 ). The analysis of the spectra were carried out using the statistical model codesboth in terms of an average evaporation phenomena and an event by event build up of the angulardistributions. The latter description is able to explain the spectra and angular distributions in amuch better way than the evaporation mechanism. No entrance channel dependence was observedfrom our analysis as reported by some recently published works.Chinmay Basu, S Adhikari, SK Ghosh, S Roy, S Ray†, BR Behera†, SK Datta†NAP2.1.1.7 Reaction mechanisms with loosely bound nuclei 7 Li+ 6 Li at extreme forwardangles in the low energy regionReaction mechanisms with loosely bound nuclei 7 Li+ 6 Li were investigated in the incident energyrange E( 7 Li)=14-20 MeV at forward angles (0 ◦ , 3 ◦ , 5 ◦ , 10 ◦ , 20 ◦ , 30 ◦ ). Thick target technique wasutilized for 0 ◦ and other extreme forward angle measurements in order to avoid the beam interference.The normalized yields important for angular distributions were obtained from published

40 Biennial Report 2005-07ground state alpha cross-sections for the same system. The analysis of the spectra show a resemblanceto that predicted by evaporation models rather than from projectile breakup mechanism.Target breakup was also studied by modifying the standard formalism due to Serber. Excitationfunctions for the different channels were also investigated.S Adhikari, C Samanta, C Basu, BJ Roy†, S Ray†, A Srivastava†, K Ramachandran†, V Tripathi†,K Mahata†, V Jha†, P Sukla†, S Rathi, M Biswas, P Roychowdhury, A Chatterjee†, S Kailas† NAP2.1.1.8 Experimental investigation of scattering and fusion of 6,7 Li+ 28 Si at abovebarrier energiesNuclear reactions involving weakly bound nuclei that have low breakup thresholds and exoticstructures display features remarkably different from those of well-bound stable nuclei. Besides thesub-barrier and near barrier fusion and the associated controversies, the scenario of fusion reactionsinvolving weakly bound projectiles at above barrier energies is also not clear and conclusive. Thegeneral finding in these investigations point towards an overall inhibition of fusion cross-sectionat above barrier energies, especially for light mass targets. The total fusion excitation function ofthe 6,7 Li+ 28 Si system was measured using two methods (1) characteristic γ-ray method, (2)evaporationα-measurement at above the Coulomb barrier energies. The γ-measurement using Cloverdetector was carried out at BARC-TIFR (Mumbai) Pelletron at energies E lab =11.5-26 MeV. Theα-measurement and elastic scattering at above barrier energies (16-26MeV) was done at IUAC(New Delhi). Evaporation α cross-sections were measured from the α spectra at different anglesand were analyzed with the statistical model code PACE2. Fusion cross-section was estimatedfrom the evaporation α-contributions at the backward angles and the result shows good agreementwith the measured fusion data by γ-ray method. The one-dimensional barrier penetration modelpredictions describe the experimental results well up to 2V b but it overestimates the data above 2V benergy regime. The reaction cross-section was deduced from elastic scattering data with coupledchannel code ECIS94 using phenomenological optical model potential parameters.H Majumdar, Mandira Sinha, P Basu, R Bhattacharya†, Subinit Roy, M Biswas, VV Parkar†, SSantra†, BR Behera†, KS Golda†, SK Datta†, S Kailas†, R Palit†, I Mazumdar† NAP2.1.1.9 Sub-barrier fusion of 6,7 Li+ 28 SiSome of the novel experimental informations involving weakly bound nuclei are fusion enhancementor suppression compared to tightly bound stable projectiles, weakening of threshold anomaly in theneighbourhood of barrier, etc. There are well documented experimental and theoretical studiesto explore these aspects at sub-barrier energies for medium and high mass targets. There areonly a few experimental attempts in the light mass region and picture is not at all clear as tothe fusion behaviour. No data exist for the sub-barrier fusion for the systems 6,7 Li+ 28 Si. Wecarried out the sub-barrier fusion of the above systems at energies 6-10 MeV, using γ-ray methodat IOP (Bhubaneswar) Pelletron facility. The γ-rays were detected by HPGe detector and the totalfusion of 7 Li+ 28 Si was estimated using statistical model calculation CASCADE. We observe someenhancement of fusion at sub-barrier energies compared to one dimensional barrier penetrationestimation.H Majumdar, Mandira Sinha, P Basu, R Bhattacharya†, Subinit Roy, M Biswas, MK PradhanNAP

Nuclear Sciences 412.1.1.10 The study of threshold behaviour of effective potential for 6 Li+ 58,64 NiThe elastic scattering for 6 Li+ 64 Ni system was measured in the bombarding energy range of 13 MeV≤ E lab ≤ 26 MeV. A phenomenological optical model analysis was performed and the behaviourof the surface strengths of the potential components with decreasing energy was extracted. Afurther analysis of the measured angular distributions, along with the existing data for 6 Li+ 58 Ni,was performed with two different model potentials - one with the folded potential normalized witha complex factor and the other with a hybrid potential composed of a renormalized folded realand a phenomenological imaginary potential components. All the model potentials predict similarenergy dependent behaviour for the interaction potential around the barrier. The observed energydependence of the strengths of the real and imaginary potentials corroborate with the dispersionrelation prediction for both the 6 Li+ 64 Ni and 6 Li+ 58 Ni systems. Though the evidence of breakupis distinct in the energy variation of the potential strengths, close to the barrier the variation ismore in the line of conventional threshold anomaly. Also the threshold behaviour of the interactionpotential does not indicate any distinct isotopic dependence.M Biswas, Subinit Roy, M Sinha, MK Pradhan, A Mukherjee, P Basu, H Majumdar, K Ramachandran†,A Shrivastava†NAP2.1.2 Phenomenology2.1.2.1 Unified description for the nuclear equation of state and radioactivityA mean field calculation for obtaining the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter from a densitydependent M3Y interaction (DDM3Y) is performed. The energy per nucleon is minimized toobtain ground state of the symmetric nuclear matter (SNM). The constants of density dependenceof the effective interaction are obtained by reproducing the saturation energy per nucleon andthe saturation density of SNM. The EOS of SNM, thus obtained, provides excellent estimate ofnuclear incompressibility. The microscopic proton-nucleus and alpha-nucleus interaction potentialsare obtained by single folding the density of the daughter nucleus and double folding the densitiesof alpha and the daughter nuclei, respectively, with DDM3Y effective interaction whose densitydependence is determined from nuclear matter calculations. The quantum mechanical tunnelingprobability is calculated within the WKB approximation using these nuclear potentials. Thesecalculations provide reasonable estimates for the observed proton radioactivity lifetimes, alphadecay lifetimes including those of new superheavy elements like 112, 114, 116, 294 118 etc. TheEOS for asymmetric nuclear matter is calculated by adding to the isoscalar part, the isovectorcomponent of M3Y interaction. The SNM and pure neutron matter EOS are used to calculatethe nuclear symmetry energy which is consistent with that extracted from the isospin diffusionin heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies. Thus, the present calculations using a densitydependent effective interaction provide a unified description of radioactivity and nuclear matter.P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, DN Basu†NAP2.1.2.2 Radius and density in neutron rich He nucleiRelativistic mean field approach is a standard tool in low energy nuclear structure studies. Recently,a new Lagrangian density and parameter set, known as FSUGold, has been proposed for the RMF

42 Biennial Report 2005-07approach. In the present work we apply the new force FSUGold to study the neutron rich nuclei6,8 He. The primary interest was to obtain the neutron radius and density for He nuclei. We haveused the co-ordinate space RMF+BCS approach to study these nuclei. The calculated densities wereused to describe the avilable elastic scattering data of p( 6 He, 6 He)p and p( 8 He, 8 He)p at 71MeV/Aand 72MeV/A respectively. We are using both the DDM3Y interaction and the JLM interactionin local density approximation to generate the required potentials in the folding model approach.Very good reproduction of the experimental data indicate that the new interaction in the RMFapproach determines the variation of neutron density and radius over the He isotopes quite well.G Gangopadhyay†, Madhubrata Bhattacharya†, Subinit RoyNAP2.1.2.3 A comparative study of the radius of sensitivity of the optical model potentialsfor 6 Li+ 58,64 Ni and 16 O+ 58,64 NiRadii of sensitivity were estimated for the 6 Li+ 58,64 Ni system at energies near the Coulomb barrier.For comparison purposes, such radii were also estimated for stable 16 O scattered from same targetisotopes. The elastic scattering data were analysed with folded real potential generated fromDDM3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction and an imaginary potential of volume Woods-Saxon form.The most sensitive radii for 16 O+ 58,64 Ni system are found to be energy independent and close tothe strong absorption radius. For 6 Li projectile, unlike its strongly bound counterpart, the crossingradius increases with decreasing energy. However, no two crossing situation has been observed forboth 6 Li+ 58,64 Ni and 16 O+ 58,64 Ni systems at the top of the barrier.Mili BiswasNAP2.1.2.4 Generalized mass formula for non-strange and hypernuclei with SU(6) symmetrybreakingA simultaneous description of nonstrange nuclei and hypernuclei is provided by a single massformula inspired by the spin flavour SU(6) symmetry breaking. This formula is used to estimatethe hyperon binding energies of lambda, double lambda, sigma, cascade and theta hypernuclei. Theresults are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data on bound nucleiand relativistic as well as quark mean-field calculations. This mass formula is useful to estimatebinding energies over a wide range of masses including the light mass nuclei. It is not applicableto a repulsive potential.C Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu†NAP2.1.2.5 Effect of modification of mass on the spectra of alpha particles emitted inheavy ion reactionsThe alpha spectra emitted in heavy ion reactions show deviations from the statistical model predictions.This observation is normally interpreted as due to the deformation of the emitter nucleus

Nuclear Sciences 43at high angular momentum that is usually ignored in the evaporation formalism. A common prescriptionis to modify the moment of inertia in terms of two arbitrary parameters. In order to avoidthis arbitrariness, we instead modify the mass at high angular momentum in terms of the rotatingliquid drop model. The shortcoming in the calculated spectra can be satisfactorily removed in thismethod.Chinmay BasuNAP2.2 Nuclear Spectroscopy & Structure2.2.1 Experimental Studies2.2.1.1 Study of the nuclei around A∼120 near proton-drip line at (IUAC), NewDelhiOne of the most exciting subjects in contemporary nuclear physics is the study of nuclei at thelimits of stability. Using stable beam, through fusion evaporation reaction, it is possible to studynuclei near proton-drip line. The main aim of this project is to understand the role of np residualinteraction near proton drip line. For this purpose, high spin states of very neutron-deficient nuclei118 Xe(S p =4.6 MeV), 120 Cs(S p =2.5 MeV), 121 Ba(S p =3.7 MeV) and 121 La(S p = 0.8 MeV) (wherevalence protons are loosely bound) were populated through fusion evaporation reaction 92 Mo( 32 S,xpyn). The 32 S beam at an energy of 140 MeV was obtained from 15UD Pelletron machine at NSC,New Delhi. The de-excited gamma-rays of the populated nuclei were detected in coincidence mode(γ − γ − t) with GDA (gamma detector array). The data analysis shows that the channels withmajor cross-sections are in agreement with PACE and CASCADE prediction with 10 MeV lowerbeam energy. Detail analysis is in progress.U Datta Pramanik, I Ray, S Basu†, S Bhattacharya, R Bhowmik†, R Kshetri, R Kumar†, AMukherjee, S Mandal†, S Muralithar†, Ranjeet†, M Saha Sarkar, RP Singh†NAP2.2.1.2 Structure of the Ge and Zn neutron-rich nuclei around N=50 using Clara-Prisma array at LNL, INFN, ItalyDoubly-magic nuclei located in very exotic region of the nuclear chart are key elements in thepresent day nuclear-structure studies. The appearance or disappearance of shell gaps associatedto “magic” character allows the determination of the single-particle energies and of the residualinteractions between valence nucleons. Particularly, isotones of the N=50 shell are interesting wherea systematic drop of the excitation energy of the 2 + states has been taken as an indication of theonset of shell-gap quenching. A eleven days experiment were performed using the ( 82 Se + 238 U)deep-inelastic and multi-nucleon transfer reaction at 515 MeV of beam energy, at the CLARA-PRISMA setup to populate the excited states in neutron-rich nuclei Ge, Ga and Zn isotopes withN=50. The analysis seems to indicate the existence of still sizable N=50 gap close to 78 Ni.T Faul†, G Duchen†, G de Angelis†, N Marginean†, F Nowacki†, E Sahin†, A Algora†, S Aydin†, FAzaiez†, G Beghini†, G Benzoni†, M Bostan†, A Brondi†, T Byrski†, I Celikovic†, R Chapman†, LCorradi†, S Courtin†, D Curien†, U Datta Pramanik, F Della Vedova†, O Dorvaux†, N Erduran†,S Erturk†, E Farnea†, E Fioretto†, G De France†, S Franchoo†, A Gadea†, et al NAP

44 Biennial Report 2005-072.2.1.3 Sub-Barrier Coulomb Excitation of 110 Sn and its implications for the 100 Snshell closureWe had performed an experiment at CERN, REX-ISOLDE to measure B(E2; 0 + → 2 + ) of unstable106,108,110 Sn isotopes by ‘safe’ Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The γ-rays were detectedby MINIBALL detector array in coincidence with 110 Sn detected in very forward angle (for safeCoulomb excitation) by double sided silicon strip detector. The B(E2; 0 + → 2 + ) of 110 Sn, obtainedfrom detailed data analysis is 0.22(0.022)e 2 b 2 . This strengthens the observation of the evoluationof the B(E2) values of neutron deficient Sn isotopes that has been observed recently in intermediateenergy Coulomb excitation of 108 Sn. It implies that the trend of these reduced transition probabilitiesin the even-even Sn isotopes is not symmetric with respect to midshell mass number A=116as 100 Sn (N=Z) is approached.J Cederkaell†, A Ekstrom†, C Fahlander†, A Hurst†, M Hjorth-Jensen†, F Ames†, A Banu†, PButler†, T Davinson†, U Datta Pramanik, J Eberth†, S Franchoo†, G Georgiev†, M Gorka† etalNAP2.2.1.4 Dipole strength measurements in the 130,132 Sn at GSI, Darmstadt, GermanyProperties of the Giant Dipole Resonance in the nuclei far off stability provide information on theisospin dependence of effective nuclear interaction. However, as theoretically predicted for neutronrichnuclei, a low-lying dipole strength is expected below normal GDR region. The existence ofsuch low-lying strength would have pronounced consequences for astrophysical r-process scenarios.Measurements of the dipole strength functions in neutron-rich nuclei around doubly magic nucleus130,132 Sn were performed with LAND-FRS facility at GSI. The beam of 132 Sn and about 20 otherisotopes of similar A/Z ratio were produced by in flight fission of 238 U primary beam. The secondarybeams with energies around 500 MeV/A were separated by FRS and transfer to cave-B whereprojectiles were excited by means of Coulomb excitation in a secondary lead target. The momentaof the neutrons and fragments after dissociation were measured by LAND-setup detectors. Inaddition to the giant dipole resonance, a resonance-like structure (pigmy resonance) is observed atlower excitation energy around 10 MeV which can be new dipole mode due to oscillation betweenexcess neutrons and core.P Adrich†, A Klimkiewicz†, M Fallot†, T Aumann†, K Boretzky†, U Datta Pramanik, H Emling†,H Geissel†, M Hellstroem†, KL Jones†, JV Kratz†, R Kulessa†, Y Leifels†, C Nociforo†, R Palit†,H Simon†, K Suemmerer†, W Walus†NAP2.2.1.5 Study of room background at the laboratory of SINP through γ-ray spectroscopyWe have studied the room background through γ-ray spectroscopy. The characteristic γ-rays ofthe nuclei were detected using semiconductor (HPGe) and scintillator (CsI, NaI) detectors. Wehave observed members of Thorium, Uranium series of natural background. In addition to thenaturally occurring activities, background also consists of some fission products activities whichoriginated with atmospheric fallout from past weapons testing; 137 Cs, 125 Sb, 95 Zr, 95 Nb etc. Weobserved that passive Pb shielding was not useful for low energy background reduction in gamma-

Nuclear Sciences 45ray spectroscopy.U Datta Pramanik, Somnath Chakraborty†, Rajendra Giri†, I Ray, Sujib ChatterjeeNAP2.2.1.6 Gamma spectroscopy in A ∼ 40 region(1) An experiment was performed with the array of eight Clover detectors (Indian National GammaArray or INGA) at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata. Moderate spin states of34,35,36,37 Cl and other nuclei in A∼ 40 have been populated using 27 Al( 16 O,xαynzpγ) at a projectileenergy of 115 MeV. (2)An experiment was performed using an array of 7 Compton suppressed Cloverdetectors placed in a horizontal plane at TIFR, Mumbai. The reaction was 27 Al( 14 N,xαynzpγ) ata projectile energy of 66 MeV.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the structure of nucleiin the sd-fp interface with a special focus on the estimation of level lifetimes using Doppler Shiftattenuation technique.Ritesh Kshetri, R Raut, S Ganguly, MK Pradhan, D Kanjilal, M Saha Sarkar, Indrani Roy,Moumita Ray Basu†, Gautam De†, Krishichayan†, A Chakraborty†, M Ray†, A Goswami, P Banerjee,A Mukherjee, U Datta Pramanik, SS Ghugre†, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra, S Sarkar†,R Palit†, HC Jain†, I Mazumdar†, A Deo†, S Kumar†NAP2.2.1.7 Gamma spectroscopy in A ∼ 160-170 regionHigh-spin states in 169 Ta have been populated through 159 Tb( 16 O,6nγ) reaction at a projectileenergy of 115 MeV. The γ − γ coincidence measurement has been done using the INGA setupat VECC, Kolkata. A number of nuclei like 167,168 Lu, 168−170 Hf, 169−171 Ta were populated. Thelifetimes of the isomeric levels of these nuclei have been re-measured using the centroid shift methodof electronic timing technique. Preliminary results are in good agreement with the adopted valuesfor 169,171 Ta. Theoretical calculations using the Particle-Rotor Model have been done. The resultsshow very good agreement with the experimental data.Ritesh Kshetri, Indrani Roy, Moumita Ray Basu†, Gautam De†, S Ganguly, MK Pradhan, RRaut, Krishichayan†, A Chakraborty†, M Ray†, A Goswami, P Banerjee, A Mukherjee, U DattaPramanik, SS Ghugre†, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra, S Sarkar†, M Saha Sarkar NAP2.2.1.8 Spectroscopy of few-valence particle nuclei around 146 Gd CoreHigh-spin states in 153 Ho have been populated through 13957 La(20 Ne,6nγ) reaction at a projectileenergy of 139 MeV. The γ -γ coincidence measurement has been done using the INGA setup atVECC, Kolkata. A number of nuclei like 153,152 Ho, 145 Eu, 151−153 Dy were populated. 153 Ho hasbeen populated most strongly. States up to previously reported 77/2 + are observed in the presentexperiment . The theoretical studies within Particle Rotor Model indicate a shape coexistence init. For lower spins the nucleus is prolate, which changes to an oblate structure at higher spins.Gautam Dey†, A Chakraborty†, Krishichayan†, Ritesh Kshetri, I Ray, S Ganguly, MK Pradhan, RRaut, Moumita Ray Basu†, M Ray†, G Ganguly†, SS Ghugre†, AK Sinha†, SK Basu†, A Goswami,P Banerjee, A Mukherjee, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, S Sarkar†NAP

46 Biennial Report 2005-072.2.1.9 Band Structure in 83 Rb from lifetime measurementsExcited states of 83 Rb, populated in the 76 Ge( 11 B, 4n ) reaction at a beam energy of 50 MeV, havebeen studied. The unfavoured signature partner (α =-1/2) of the πg 9/2 yrast band is proposed upto an excitation energy of 6669.4 keV and spin (31/2 + ). Lifetimes have been estimated for threestates belonging to the favoured α =+1/2 band. The B(E2) values deduced from these lifetimesindicate a moderate quadrupole deformation of β 2 = 0.20. Theoretical calculations within theframework of the particle-rotor model suggest that low energy states before the onset of the νg 9/2alignment at a rotational frequency of ∼0.5 MeV are prolate while those above this frequency havean oblate shape. The excited ∆I = 1 band has been extended up to 5422.7 keV and spin 25/2 − .The B(M1) rates derived from the measured lifetimes decrease with spin. The results are in generalagreement with an earlier TAC calculation, suggesting the interpretation of these states as arisingfrom magnetic rotation.S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, S Bhattacharya, M Saha-Sarkar, A Goswami, S Muralithar,RP Singh, R Kumar, RK BhowmikNAP2.2.1.10 Study of Intruder band in 112 SnExcited states of the positive-parity intruder band in 112 Sn, populated in the 100 Mo( 20 Ne, α4n)reaction at a beam energy of 136 MeV, have been studied. The band has been observed upto 11570.0 keV with spin (24 + ). Mean lifetimes have been measured for six states up to the22 + , 10335.1 keV level and an upper limit of the lifetime has been estimated for the 11570.0 keV(24 + ) state. The B(E2) values, derived from the present lifetime results correspond to a moderatequadrupole deformation of β 2 ∼ 0.18 for states with spin ≥12 + , and the decrease in B(E2) forthe 14 + →12 + transition is consistent with a ν(h 2 11/2) alignment at ¯hω= 0.35 MeV, predicted bya cranked shell-model calculation. Total Routhian surface calculations predict a triaxial shapefollowing the alignment.S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, R Raut, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, A Goswami,S Mukherjee, G Mukherjee, A Mukherjee, SK BasuNAP2.2.1.11 Study of Rotational Band in 113 SbThe πh 11/2 band in 113 Sb has been observed up to spin parity of 59/2 − and excitation energy ofabout 12.79 MeV in the same experiment. Mean lifetimes have been measured for the 4 statesbelonging to this band up to 39/2 − with excitation energy of 7012.7 keV. An upper limit of lifetimehas been assigned to the 43/2 − state at 7997.7 keV. The present lifetime results lead to a largeaverage quadrupole deformation of β 2 =0.32 and transition quadrupole moment Q t = 4.76±0.97eb. The plot of dynamic moment of inertia J 2 with rotational frequency (¯hω), indicates alignmentsat (¯hω)= 0.46 MeV and 0.69 MeV, associated with increase in aligned angular momenta (i x ) of7.5¯h and 4.5¯h, respectively. These band crossings have been interpreted as due to the rotationalalignments of h 11/2 neutrons and g 7/2 protons with large interaction strengths of about 360 keV and210 keV. A strong residual interaction between valance high-j neutrons and protons is attributed tothis alignment behaviour. Cranked shell model calculations, performed in the present work, usinga modified harmonic oscillator potential, reproduce the two alignments. The present B(E2) rates

48 Biennial Report 2005-072.2.2.3 Changing spin-orbit interaction and evolution of shell gaps with neutron richnessacross the periodic tableRecently, experimental information about nuclei away from the valley of stability have suggestedthat the shell structure changes and nuclear spin-orbit interaction weakens as a function of neutronexcess. So far no consistent effort has been taken to study the nuclear spin-orbit interaction overthe whole periodic table across the valley of stability. The objective of the present work is to studyand interpret the spin-orbit splitting near all magic numbers as well as near a few subshell closuresfor protons as well as neutrons from the available data on both sides of the line of stability.Moumita Ray Basu†, Ritesh Kshetri, Indrani Ray, S Sarkar†, M Saha SarkarNAP2.2.2.4 Shell model studies of nuclei near 208 PbBeing a doubly magic nucleus near the nuclear stability line, lot of accurate information aboutthe single particle energy levels and two-body matrix element are available near 208 Pb. We haveemployed OXBASH code for shell model calculation to get ground state binding energy and energylevels for 206 Pb, 204 Pb and 202 Pb having 2, 4, 6 valence neutron holes respectively, with respectto 208 Pb. The single neutron-hole levels outside the core are 1h 9/2 , 2f 7/2 , 2f 5/2 , 2p 3/2 , 2p 1/2 and1i 13/2 . Only positive parity states are studied. Calculations are carried out for J ∼ 0-20. Theoccupation probabilities of different single hole states are calculated.Rakhi Mukherjee†, S Sarkar†, M Saha SarkarNAP2.2.2.5 Particle Rotor Model Studies of 103 CdThe experimental results corresponding to both the positive and negative parity sequences in 103 Cdhave been theoretically interpreted in the framework of the core particle coupling model. Thereis evidence for the shape change from collective prolate to non-collective oblate and a smoothtermination of the negative parity band.A Chakraborty†, S Sarkar†, M Saha SarkarNAP2.2.2.6 Magic numbers from new systematicsThe study of magic numbers away from the line of stability can be studied more directly if themass of these nuclei are know with good accuracy. This is becoming possible with the availability ofradioactive beams. As measurements are difficult and not available at various regions of the massislands, a numbers of systematics have been used to study well-known and new magic numbers.Most of these systematics are based on the calculation of neutron or proton separation energies orbeta decay Q values. In this work we develop a systematics using the deuteron separation energywith new results.Chinmay BasuNAP

Nuclear Sciences 492.3 Atomic Physics2.3.1 Sub-shell Ionisation2.3.1.1 The effect of multiple ionization on L subshell ionization of Au and U by 5-10 MeV C and Si ionsC +q and Si +q (q = 3, 4) ions in the energy range 5 10 MeV obtained from the Pelletron Accelerator,IOP, Bhubaneswar, were used to bombard thin W, Au and U targets to excite L X-rays. A Si(Li)detector having an energy resolution of 160 eV at 5.9 keV were used to detect these X-rays. Tomeasure the efficiency of the Si(Li) detector and to calibrate the system very accurately, thintargets of KBr, Ni, Zn, Sr, Mo, Ag and Sn targets were bombarded with 3 MeV proton beam.Back scattered particles were measured with a Si surface barrier detector simultaneously with theX-rays so as to avoid the error in target thickness measurements. Energy resolved peaks of L α , L β, L γ etc. lines excited by C and Si ions can be easily observed. When these spectra are comparedwith those induced by protons, shifting of the peak position towards the higher energy side andwidening of the peaks are observed. This is a clear signature of the multiple ionization. Evaluationof the subshell ionization cross sections and the extent of multiple ionization are in progress.D Mitra, S Santra, AC Mandal, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, G LapickiNAP2.3.1.2 Measurements of the angular distribution of L X-rays of Au and U in photoionisationLast year, a set of data was taken on the angular distribution of L X-rays of Au and U excited by a109 Cd source. When these data were thoroughly analysed, it was observed that at some points thedata had to be re-measured. In order to have a fresh set of data, we decided to repeat the wholeexperiment. Before going into the main experiment, an 241 Am source of 1 µCi was placed on anAl frame fixed at the centre of the angular distribution Table. With a Si(Li) detector, the L lines (which are isotropic in nature) emitted from the source were detected over the angular range from40 o to 140 o . The anisotropy of these lines are found to be 2% due to the misalignment of the table.Au and U foils were held vertical to the table with the help of the Al frame. The 109 Cd sourcewith the graded collimator was placed near the centre of the table so that the emerging X-raysfrom the source make an angle of 60 o with the normal to the foils. Keeping the source and thetarget positions fixed, the detector was moved to scan the whole angular range. Data were thenanalysed. It was observed that for Au, the angular anisotropy of the emitted L lines are within5% while for U it is within the experimental error. Our observation contradict the results of thegroups of Patiala, India and that of Turkey but are in agreement with the findings of the groupsof Chandigarh and Japan.S Santra, D Mitra, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, PK DasNAP2.3.1.3 Numismatic StudyIn collaboration with the Centre for Archaeological Studies and Training (CAST) Kolkata, 15 silvercoins have been analysed with our EDXRF system. These coins were from the period of 1200 AD.

50 Biennial Report 2005-07During our analysis, it appeared that apart from Ag, there are some traces of other elements likePb present in almost all samples. Detailed analysis is in progress. The 3 MeV proton beam fromPelletron at the the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar has also been used to analyse these 15 silvercoins using the principle of PIXE. In 30 minutes, clear spectrum from each of the coins could beFig.2.3.1.3collected. PIXE spectrum from coin no. 1 bombarded with 3 MeV proton is shown in figure(Fig.2.3.1.4). Presence of trace elements like Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb etc, are confirmed. Analysis of thecoins using the standard GUPIX program is in progress.D Mitra, AC Mandal, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, PK DasNAP2.3.1.4 Analysis of earlier data(a)Data collected from the experiment carried out at IOP, Bhubaneswar in Feb, 2005 are beinganalysed. To isolate the projectile K X-rays from the M X-rays of the targets are the majorproblem in the data analysis. Utmost care was taken in deconvoluting such spectra. Analysis ofthe data are now in the last stage. (b) Spectra containing the satellite and hypersatellites lines frompure elements like Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe, taken last year with our WDXRF system are analysed.Deconvolution of RAE peak is the most difficult part of this fitting. Theoretical predictions of Prof.Natarajan of Mumbai University are compared with the experimental results and the agreement isfound to be quite good.D Mitra, AC Mandal, M Sarkar, D BhattacharyaNAP

Nuclear Sciences 512.3.2 Life Time Measurements2.3.2.1 Experimental lifetimes (ns) of some levels belonging to the 4p 5 5d configurationof KrIILifetimes of eight levels belonging to the 4p55d (n=6,7) configuration of singly ionized krypton(KrII) have been measured as there is a shortage of experimental information about the lifetimeof those levels. We used the high frequency deflection technique in which a pulsed high energyelectron beam excited the molecules of different ionic states and the corresponding decay had beenfollowed by a delayed coincidence method with a single photon counting arrangement. Lifetimes ofthe 5d 4 P 1/2 , 5d ′2 D 3/2 , 5d ′2 F 3/2 , 5d 4 P 3/2 and 5d 4 P 1/2 levels have been measured for the first time.MB Das, S Karmakar†NAP2.3.2.2 Experimental lifetimes (ns) of some levels of XeIIRadiative lifetimes of eight levels belonging to the 5p 5 6d configuration of singly ionized xenon(XeII) have been measured with the apparatus we developed using the high frequency deflectiontechnique with a delayed coincidence single photon counting arrangement. The measurements wereperformed under conditions where pressure dependent effect is negligible. Lifetimes of the 6d 2 F 3/2and 6d 4 F 3/2 levels have been measured for the first timeMB Das, S Karmakar†NAP2.3.2.3 Experimental lifetimes(ns) of some levels belonging to the 3p 4 nd(n=4-6) configurationof ArIILifetimes of eight levels belonging to the 3p 4 nd (n=4,5,6) configuration of singly ionized Argon(ArII) have been measured by high frequency deflection technique as there are only few experimentaldata on lifetimes concerning states belonging to this configuration. Lifetimes of the 4d 4 P 3/2 and6d 4 D 7/2 levels have been measured for the first time.MB Das, S Karmakar†NAP2.3.2.4 Experimental lifetimes (ns) of some levels of ArII and KrII using the cascadephoton-coincidencetechniqueLifetimes of some levels of singly ionized argon and krypton were measured by cascade-photoncoincidencetechnique in which electronic bombardment excites a state which decay by emittingphotons of wavelengths occurring in cascades. These photons are used to start and stop of a timeto amplitude converter and the resulting spectrum was obtained in a multi-channel pulse heightanalyzer. The levels studied with the lifetime values in the parentheses (in ns) are as follows:Ar II: 4p 4 P 3/2 (7.38±0.15), 4p 4 P 5/2 (8.23±0.16), 4p 2 D 5/2 (9.14±0.19)

52 Biennial Report 2005-07Kr II: 5p 4 P 3/2 (6.85±0.13), 5p 4 D 7/2 (7.01±0.14)MB Das, S Karmakar†NAP2.4 Applied Nuclear Science2.4.1 Impact Phenomena, Irradiation Effects and Positron Annihilation Studies2.4.1.1 Theoretical assay: Application of positron annihilation study towards molecularimaging modalityA detailed review work was organized as an application of the positron annihilation study, towardsPositron Emission Tomography (PET) which is an imaging modality for medical diagnoses thatcan determine biochemical and physiological processes in vivo in a quantitative way by, using radiopharmaceuticals labeled with positron emitting radio nuclides. This concise report was broughtabout (publishable) that describes the various aspects of its basic physics, critical design and instrumentationalong with the modalities of the application of radiotracers and the radiologicalprotections involved in the processes. It further suggests critically, the future scope of improvementsin terms of better sensitivity, local and kinetic resolution, specific tracer targeting, includingchemical speciation and better spatial resolution of the PET image. Some theoretical inputs andcritical judgment is added. Some of the emphasis was on the following aspects, such as : new experimentsrelating to PET, Radiotracers in use, Imaging modalities, Scintillation detectors (specialdesign), Time of flight (TOF) measurements, Radiological protection etc.Bichitra Ganguly, Nagendra Nath Mondal, Maitrayee NandyNAP2.4.1.2 Experimental work: Temperature Dependent Positron Annihilation Study ofCinnamic Acid, a view of its structural aspectsCinnamic acid is an essential constituent of cinnamon extract (oil), well known for its medicinal values.Most significantly, it is an important pathway for useful pharmaceuticals. Its main structuralfeature, which is basically phenyl acrylic acid: is strong hydrogen bonding between the carboxylicgroups. The dimers are also interconnected by CH...O intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with C-Hunit mostly originating from aromatic ring. These bonds keep the dimers and higher oligomerstogether and thus the compound exists in a crystalline form. Its crystal structure depict stackedarrangement of parallel layers of molecules with intermittent inter/intra molecular hydrogen bonding(viz, CH...O and OH...O) within a layer. A temperature (higher than the ambient temperature)dependent positron annihilation study (both the life time and Doppler broadening of annihilationresults) on the above molecular configuration was performed. Results show intriguing variationsascribable to the subtle changes in molecular configurations. The supportive evidences are soughtthrough independent investigations using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results. Further,TEM investigation of the dispersed cinnamic acid powder in n- hexane to study the stacked structurewas also done with repetitive reproducibility of the results.Bichitra Ganguly, Nagendra Nath Mondal, SK Bandopadhyay†, Pintu Sen†NAP

Nuclear Sciences 532.4.1.3 Defects and morphological features of ZnS nanostructures as revealed frompositron annihilation studiesNanostructures of ZnS, both particles and rods, were synthesized through solvothermal processesand characterized by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscope. Further,positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements were made to study the featuresrelated to the defect nanostructures present in the samples. The nanocrystalline grain surfacesand interfaces, which trapped significant fractions of positrons, gradually disappeared during graingrowth, as indicated by the decreasing fraction of orthopositronium atoms. The crystal vacanciespresent within the grains also trapped positrons. The positron lifetime within these vacancieswas estimated from model analysis and the lifetime increased with increasing sizes of the particles.This was due to the agglomeration of the small vacancies into clusters during the thermal treatmentgiven to effect grain growth. The positron lifetime was remarkably large at very small grain sizes( 1.5 nm) and was attributed to quantum confinement effects, as verified through optical absorptionmeasurements. Positron lifetimes in ZnS nanorods increased with increasing content of cubic phaseand this observation is assigned to the annihilation of positrons in sites with increased cubic unitcell volume. The Doppler broadened spectra also indicated qualitative changes consistent withthese observations.Soumitra Kar†, Subhajit Biswas†, PMG Nambissan, Subhadra Chaudhuri†NAP2.4.1.4 Defects-related aspects of Mn x Zn 1−x S nanorods: Results from positron annihilationstudiesPositron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements were carried out on Mn-doped ZnSnanorods and the change in the defects and morphologies were studied with complementary evidencesfrom other spectroscopic studies like optical absorption. Doping by Mn ions transforms thehexagonal lattice to a cubic one, perhaps to minimize the strain created by the Mn ions of slightlylarger radius. Beyond a dopant concentration of 20 atomic%, the nanostructure collapses and Mn-Mn clustering starts dominating, leading to the formation of pyramid-like MnS crystals. Theseare verified from transmission electron microscopy. Positron lifetimes and the Doppler broadenedlineshape parameters indicated these changes vividly and the results are reasonably interpreted.Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, PMG Nambissan, Subhadra Chaudhuri†NAP2.4.1.5 Thermal evolution of boron irradiation induced defects in pre-doped Si revealedby positron annihilation experimentsThe isochronal annealing behaviour of high energy (25 to 72 MeV) boron ion irradiation induceddefects in boron-doped silicon was monitored through measurements of positron lifetimes and threedistinct defect-evolution stages were identified. The initial boron doping created a defect environmentwhere positrons could sensitively annihilate with the boron electrons, suggesting borondecoratedSi monovacancies as potential trapping sites. The irradiation resulted in the dissolutionof boron from these sites and positrons were then trapped by the empty divacancies of Si. Chargeneutralization of divacancies through interaction with boron atoms led to enhanced positron trappingin the initial stages of isochronal annealing. The divacancies started annealing above 673K.

54 Biennial Report 2005-07A remarkable defect evolution stage due to the diffusion of the boron atoms beyond their initialdepths of penetration was seen above 873K and it leaves the sample with defects still present evenat the highest annealing temperature 1273K used in this work.PMG Nambissan, PV Bhagwat†, MB Kurup†NAP2.4.1.6 Experiments on neon-irradiated MgB 2 superconductorsPositron annihilation spectroscopy and specific heat studies under magnetic field were carried outon 160 MeV Ne ion irradiated polycrystalline MgB 2 samples. There is an unusual decrease inpositron lifetime in the irradiated sample which may be due to neon ion implantation. This was alsoindicated by change in cell volume. Coincidence Doppler broadening spectra of Mg, B, irradiatedand unirradiated MgB 2 show that positrons primarily annihilate in boron sublattice in unirradiatedsample whereas there is some similarity of the spectrum of the irradiated sample with that of Mg.There is Mg deficiency in the unirradiated sample whereas predominantly boron vacancies exist inNe ion irradiated MgB 2 samples. Specific heat measurements show that there is a small increasein electronic part of the specific heat and electron-phonon coupling constant.A Talapatra†, SK Bandyopadhyay†, PMG Nambissan, Pintu Sen†, V Ganesan†NAP2.4.1.7 Positron lifetime and CDBS experiments on scandium-incorporated Al-6Mgalloy after isothermal and isochronal annealing treatmentsPositron lifetime studies were conducted on as-cast and isothermally annealed Al-6Mg-xSc alloys(x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.%) to gain insight into the mechanism of phase decomposition. The valuesof the measured lifetimes confirmed the presence of trapping sites larger than monovacancies andruled out the formation of GP zones. The positron lifetimes further increased on annealing thesamples, indicating different types of traps being formed. When scandium (Sc) is added, positronlifetimes are seen to decrease initially and then increase marginally after 0.2 wt.%. The latter is dueto the segregation of vacancy-Sc complexes over heterogeneous environments. Beyond 0.2 wt.% ofSc, Al 3 Sc also starts precipitating. Isothermal annealing of Sc-doped alloys led to precipitation andthen to particle coarsening. The precipitation takes place fast when annealed at larger temperaturesand overbalances the effect of defect annealing.R Sen†, PMG Nambissan, MK Mitra†, MK Banerjee†NAP2.4.1.8 Positron lifetime studies to assess the influence of zirconium in the phasedecomposition of Al-6Mg-0.4Sc alloyPositron lifetime measurements were carried out on Al-6Mg-0.4Sc (Zr-free) and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr(Zr-rich) alloys after isothermal annealing at different temperatures to study the role of zirconiumas a partial substitute of scandium in the phase decomposition behavior. It is observed that theaddition of Zr lowers the positron lifetimes. This is attributed to the increased electron densityat the positron trapping sites due to the Zr atoms and is supported by a concurrent increase

Nuclear Sciences 55in the relative intensity of the corresponding annihilation events. When isothermal annealing iscarried out, the positron lifetimes decreased initially due to the annealing of lower order crystaldefects. The lifetimes, however, increased thereafter and became constant in the Zr-rich alloy. Thenear-constancy of lifetimes was absent in the Zr-free alloy. Zr thus confers greater stability to theprecipitates.R Sen†, PMG Nambissan, MK Mitra†, MK Banerjee†NAP2.4.1.9 Structural defects in Mn 2+ incorporated ZnS nanoparticles as observed bypositron annihilationZinc sulfide nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) weresynthesized at various temperatures to look into the effects of substitution and the associateddefect evolution. Positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements were used as probes. Theinitial stage of defect recovery was dominated by the recombination of the Zn 2+ vacancies by Mn 2+ions, bringing in characteristic changes in the positron lifetimes, intensities and Doppler broadenedlineshape parameters. Detailed analysis taking into consideration the presence of one and two typesof defects indicated that some of the vacancies have agglomerated. Electron paramagnetic resonancestudies indicated increased Mn-Mn interaction and formation of Mn clusters with further doping.The results are in striking contrast to those in the case of nanorods where vacancy recombinationtransformed their interior free of defects.Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, PMG Nambissan, Subhadra Chaudhuri†NAP2.4.1.10 Positron annihilation spectroscopy of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbonnanofiberembedded with different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubesand heat-treated at different temperaturesWe have extended our previous study to include the evolution of defects during the transformation ofPAN-based polymer fibre into carbon and subsequently into graphite fibre through heat treatmentsat different temperatures. Below 1500 ◦ C, polymer fibres transformed into carbon fibres, consistingmostly of disordered turbostatic structure. Above 2000 ◦ C, the carbon fibres transformed intographite fibres. The trapping of positrons at the specific sites in the nanotube embedded fibresindicated the exact regions of open volume defects, which may be topics of further research infuture. The processes of carbonisation and graphitisation are enhanced by embedding the carbonfibres with nanotubes and could be an effective way of tailoring the properties of these systems.K Chakrabarti, PMG Nambissan, CD Mukherjee, KK Bardhan, C Kim†, KS Yang†NAP2.4.1.11 Positron lifetime studies of the dose dependence of nanohole free volumesin ion-irradiated conducting poly-(ethylene-oxide)-salt polymersSince the discovery of ionic conductivity in polymer-alkali salt systems in the mid-seventies, researchand development activities into ion conductive polymers have become increasingly interesting from

56 Biennial Report 2005-07applied and theoretical aspects. Solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries are one of thebest applications. A polymer-salt electrolyte like one involving poly(ethylene oxide) or PEO iscomposed of a low lattice energy salt, here NH 4 ClO 4 , dissolved in polymers with electronegativeatoms in the polymer chains. But the relatively free cations of the salt need suitably sized holes orfree volumes in the polymer to carry electricity. The irradiation of polymeric materials with SwiftHeavy Ions results into the change of their free volume properties which have strong correlationwith their macroscopic properties. The change depends on the polymer as well as on ion, its energy,mass, charge and fluence used. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy or PALS has recentlyemerged as an excellent non-destructive and non-interfering nano-probe, capable of measuring thefree volume hole size (of nm order radius) in polymers with high detection efficiency. Nanohole freevolume parameters in poly-(ethylene-oxide)-salt polymer have been studied by PALS and DopplerBroadening Spectroscopy(DBS). Poly-(ethylene-oxide)-salt polymer was prepared using solutioncast method. Solution-cast films of poly-(ethylene-oxide) (BDH, England, MW = 610 5 ) complexedwith ammonium perchlorate (Fluka AG, 99.5% purity) were prepared in salt concentration of 17wt.%. Irradiation of the films with 95 MeV oxygen(O 6+ ) ions from the pelletron accelerator atIUAC, New Delhi, India, to different fluences up to 10 13 ions/cm 2 was carried out under highvacuum of the order of 4x10 −6 Torr . From o-Ps lifetime, free volume hole radius, free volumeof micro voids and fractional free volume are computed. Free volume changes with the fluence.With the increase in the fluence, scissioned segments crosslink randomly, resulting in overlappingof tracks and decrease of average free volume. Detailed results will be available later.Rajesh Kumar†, PMG Nambissan, Udayan De†, Minakshi Maitra†, S Asad Ali†, TR Middya†, STarafdar†, F Singh†, DK Awasthi†, Rajendra Prasad†NAP2.4.1.12 Coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy (CDBS) experimental set-upWith the addition of one more HPGe detector, the CDBS experimental arrangement is madeoperational in the laboratory. The CDBS measurements are nowadays used globally for the identificationof elemental-specific positron annihilation signals from complex materials. This is doneby generating a two-parameter coincidence spectrum of the sum and difference of energies of thetwo annihilation gamma rays and analyzing the projection of the total energy axis correspondingto 2m 0 c 2 , which is the total rest mass energy of the electron and positron. This helps in getting abackground-free spectrum of Doppler broadened gamma rays and analyzing its wing representingthe momentum distribution of core electrons. A number of experiments have been already done.PMG NambissanNAP2.4.1.13 Positron annihilation studies of ZnO nanocones and nanoparticlesZinc oxide (ZnO) samples in the form of cones and particles of nanometer dimensions were synthesizedthrough solvothermal route and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electronmicroscopy. Further, positron annihilation experiments were performed to study the defects withinand at the surfaces of these nanosystems. From coincidence Doppler broadening measurements,the positron trapping sites were first identified as Zn vacancies or Zn-S-Zn trivacancy clusters.The positron lifetimes, their relative intensities and the Doppler broadened lineshape parameter Sall showed characteristic changes across the nanocone size corresponding to the thermal diffusion

Nuclear Sciences 57length of positrons. In large nanocones, crystal vacancies within the cones also trapped positronsand the effects of agglomeration of such vacancy clusters due to increased temperatures of synthesiswere reflected in the variation of the annihilation parameters with cone sizes. The sizes of thenanoparticles used were all in the limit of thermal diffusion length of positrons and the annihilationcharacteristics were in accordance with the decreasing contribution from surfaces with increasingparticle size. Photoluminescence studies were also carried out and characteristic emission bandscorresponding to Zn vacancies acting as luminescence centers were identified.Tandra Ghoshal†, Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, PMG Nambissan, Subhadra Chaudhuri† NAP2.4.2 Perturbed Angular Correlation Studies2.4.2.1 Perturbed angular correlation (PAC) studies in Hf-Zr alloyPAC studies have been performed in Hf-Zr alloy with 3 at% Zr using the PAC spectrometer with fourBaF 2 detectors. PAC measurements were performed at 77K and from RT to 700 ◦ . Two quadrupoleinteraction frequencies have been found at all temperatures. At RT, the parameters were found tobe ω Q = 49.6(3) Mrad/s, η = 0.24(2), δ = 6.9(7) and ω Q = 70(1) Mrad/s, η = 0.25(8), δ = 3(4)forthe strong (90%) and weak component (10%), respectively. Assuming a random distribution ofZr atoms following Poission statistics, populations of 70, 25 and 5 % for 12, 11 and 10 nearestneighbours (NN) of Hf in the first coordination shell are expected for the above Zr concentration.If we consider the two components to be due to 12 and 11 NN Hf, the experimental results showhigher percentages than the probabilities obtained by statistical distributions. At 600 ◦ , the sitepopulations for both the components have been found to be almost equal (50%).CC DeyNAP2.4.2.2 Temperature dependence of quadrupole interactions in HfO 2 studied by perturbedangular correlation (PAC)Temperature dependence of electric field gradient (efg) in HfO 2 has been studied by PAC wherethe sample has been produced for the first time from Hf metal by heating in air at 900 ◦ . Startingwith Hf metal and heating it in a resistive furnace up to 600 ◦ , no indication of HfO 2 was observedfrom the PAC spectrum. At 700 ◦ , only a small frcation (17%) was identified as due to HfO 2 . Afterheating at 900 ◦ for 24 hrs. and annealing at 600 ◦ , a complete conversion of HfO 2 from Hf metalwas obtained as characterised by PAC spectroscopy. PAC measurements in this sample were carriedout in the temperature range from 77K to 873K. A T 3/2 relation with temperature for the efg wasobtained.CC DeyNAP

58 Biennial Report 2005-072.4.3 Other Areas2.4.3.1 A study of elemental uptake in Radish grown near a Municipal Waste dumpingsite by EDXRF methodA Radish plant meant for human consumption along with the soil around root was collected fromnearby of a Municipal Solid Waste dumping site of a metropolitan city of Kolkata and analyzedfor a wide range of elements using an EDXRF system comprising a 109Cd source and a Si (Li)detector. To check the reliability of the system, first of all, a standard sample (Urban ParticulateMatter with SRM No. 1648) from NIST has been analyzed and it was found that results agreewithin 12% with the certified values. The three samples of soil, root and leaves were subsequentlyanalyzed using same procedure. Concentrations of elements with X-ray energies in the range of3-20 keV in the soil around the root and their uptake pattern by the root and the leaves wereestimated. It was found that the soil being contaminated the root and leaves had also taken uphigher concentrations of a few elements than normal, which is of grave concern for public health.D Gupta, JM Chatterjee, R Ghosh, AK Mitra, Subinit Roy, M SarkarNAP2.5 Simulation of Nuclear Detectors2.5.1.1 Development of neBEM solver using the ISLES libraryThe Poisson’s equation may be solved following Boundary Element Method (BEM) which can beviewed as numerical implementation of boundary integral equation based on Green’s formula. Incontrast to the Finite Element / Finite Difference Methods (FEM / FDM) where the completedomain needs to be discretized, in the BEM approach only the domain boundaries need to bediscretized. The resulting boundary elements are endowed with singularity distributions whosestrengths are obtained by satisfying given boundary conditions. A library of C function basedon exact closed-form integration of free-space Green’s function and its derivative due to uniformsingularity distribution on flat rectangular element was developed. This library was named as theInverse Square Law Exact Solutions (ISLES) library. Based on this library, a nearly exact BEM(neBEM) solver was also developed. To validate the solver, capacitances of unit square plate andcube, considered to be among major unsolved problems (in the sense that there are no analyticalsolutions available) in electrostatics, were computed to high precision and compared to availablenumerical results.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana MajumdarINO2.5.1.2 Improvement of the ISLES library to allow use of triangular elementsTriangular elements are known to be very efficient in modelling arbitrary geometries. In order toallow the use of such boundary elements in the neBEM solver, exact solutions of uniform singularitydistribution on triangular element was worked out. However, while the rectangular elements canbe of arbitrary size, triangular elements are restricted to be a right angled triangle of arbitrary size.It should be noted that this restriction does in no way limit the modelling capabilities of the solverbecause of the fact that any triangle can be split into two right-angled triangles. The validation of

Nuclear Sciences 59the closed-form expressions was made by comparing the potential and fields evaluated for a unittriangular element using ISLES library functions with that produced by numerical quadrature ofhigh accuracy. A classic benchmark problem in electrostatics of estimating the capacitance of aunit square plate with unit volt was solved and compared with accurate results available in theliterature. The variation of the charge density close to the corner of the plate with various degreesof discretization was examined and found to be smooth and accurate (difficult to be estimatedusing BEM).Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana MajumdarINO2.5.1.3 Simulation of electrostatic field configuration of cylindrical proportionalcounterFEM and BEM are two numerical methods used for electrostatic field simulation of gaseous detectors.FEM can treat any arbitrary geometry endowed with dielectrics, but suffers from severallimitations like interpolation of potential with low order polynomial at non-nodal points and estimationof the field by numerical differentiation of potential which is inadequate in the regionswith steep field gradient. BEM avoids such errors since it employs Greens function to estimate thepotential and field anywhere inside the detector. A solver based on the zero-th order BEM wherethe charge distributions were assumed to be uniform and equivalent to point charges located at thecentroid of the boundary elements was developed. The results using the solver was found to agreesatisfactorily with analytical values available for the 2D version of the problem. Deviations fromthe analytic values due to 3D effects of a realistic finite detector for a wide range of aspect ratio(ratio of length to radius) were studied.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana MajumdarINO2.5.1.4 Simulation of electrostatic configuration of wire chambersA detailed study of 3D electrostatic field in several wire chambers like Iarocci Tube and MultiWireProportional Chamber (MWPC) were carried out invoking real life geometry using theneBEM solver providing precise estimates which were different from the available analytical values(calculated with simplified 2D geometry) when the finite bound of the geometry was concerned.Significant amount of deviation was observed in the avalanche region (close to the anode wire) incase of Iarocci Tube. It was the edge effect which changed the field near the anode wires placednear the edges in the MWPC. In fact, the study made clear why the use of field shaping wires arenecessary in a MWPC. Effects of wire modeling on the precision of result was also studied.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik MukhopadhyayINO2.5.1.5 Simulation of electrostatic configuration of RPCThe presence of closely spaced surfaces in gaseous detectors with multiple dielectrics like ResistivePlate Chamber (RPC) is known to give rise to numerical complexities in conventional BEM calculation.The efficacy of the neBEM solver was validated by comparing its results for a multiple

60 Biennial Report 2005-07dielectric geometry to that produced by several specialised BEM formulations. The detailed geometryof a trigger glass RPC with close resemblance to the detection module of INO (India-basedNeutrino Observatory) CALorimeter (ICAL) was studied for its potential and field configurationsconsidering multiple dielectric and conducting layers including readout strips.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Sudeb BhattacharyaINO2.5.1.6 Simulation of electrostatic configuration of MPGDsThe neBEM solver was used to simulate the field configuration in several MicroPattern Gas Detectors(MPGDs) which are quite complicated in their geometry. MicroWire Detector (MWD),MicroStrip Gas Chamber (MSGC) and microMEsh GAs Structure (microMEGAS) were severalcases where the electric field and its variation with geometrical parameters in the detector volumewere simulated with the neBEM. The results showed overall close agreement to the availableFEM results. However, owing to the fundamental difference in two formulations, disagreement wasobserved in several regions where the neBEM seemed to yield more accurate results with comparativelyless computational expense due to the nature of its foundation formulations. The questionof improved accuracy is, however, still under detailed study.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik MukhopadhyayINO2.5.1.7 Simulation of weighting potential and field in TPCThe weighting field calculation turns out to be important when signal generation in a gaseousdetector is studied. The 3D weighting potential and field distributions were studied using theneBEM solver in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) consisting of multiwire configuration. Analyticsolution for a simplified 2D strip detector with no anode wires or set of expressions used for padchambers obtained using conformal mapping method and semiempirical techniques are used asestimates for weighting field in TPC. While they turn out to be useful, they are limited by certainpresumed geometrical requirements which are unlikely to be met in real experimental situations.TheneBEM results with realistic geometrical aspects like presence of anode wires, cathode wire planeand closed geometry showed significant deviation from the analytical values in the avalanche region.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana Majumdar, Rob Veenhof†INO2.5.1.8 Simulation of weighting potential and field in RPCThe neBEM solver was employed to study the weighting potential and field distributions in a RPC.The solver was validated by estimating weighting potential for a single dielectric geometry for whichanalytic representations of the same could be calculated. Finally the neBEM results for a tripledielectric geometry were compared to the analytical integral representations of the potential andfield, carried out by using gaussian quadrature method. The weighting field computation for a RPCwith similar configuration of the detection module of ICAL detector was done with inclusion of finegraphite coating. The inclusion of thin surfaces like this usually generate numerical instability in

Nuclear Sciences 61conventional methods which the present solver is expected to handle gracefully.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Sudeb BhattacharyaINO2.5.1.9 Computation of wire sag in a MWPCIn a large MultiWire Proportional Counter (MWPC), the sag of the long wires caused by theelectrostatic force acting among the closely spaced wires necessitates critical design optimization.For computation of electrostatic force acting on the wires, electric field and charge distribution onthe wires were estimated precisely using neBEM. The differential equation of the wire dynamicswas solved using three point Finite Difference Method (FDM) which led to a tri-diagonal matrixequation relating the wire deflection to the acting force. It was solved using a tri-diagonal matrixsolver to determine the wire deflection in anode and cathode planes as a function of voltage. Thenumerical method was validated by comparing the calculated gravitational deflection with theanalytical values.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik MukhopadhyayINO2.5.1.10 Implementation of RPC geometry in GEANT4GEANT4 version 4.8.2, patch 01 was installed and tested successfully on a Pentium IV machinewith 512 MB RAM running Fedora Core 7. The proper environment variables were set along withthe visual platform for necessary graphics. The detailed geometry of the RPC modules to be usedin INO CALorimeter (ICAL) detector was introduced in GEANT4 to simulate the experiment.Three dielectric layers representing a gas volume bound by two glass layers and readout strips oneither sides outside the glass layers were considered in the geometry. The readout strip geometrywas generated in a parametric way in order to enhance the efficiency of the computation.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana Majumdar, Sudeb BhattacharyaINO2.5.1.11 Simulation of electrostatic properties of MEMSThe application of ISLES library in simulating the electrostatic properties of Micro-Electro MechanicalSystem (MEMS) yielded precise results as observed in different geometric variations of aset of parallel plates or beam structures. In contrary to the requirement of special formulations inBEM to treat structures with micron order dimensions, the neBEM solver could seamlessly producethe normalized capacitance values matching closely with that yielded by other methods. The chargedensities on all the surfaces of the plates were computed. The effect of three dimensionality andfringe field effect were studied in detail when two narrow beams were considered. The capacitancesestimated by neBEM were compared to the available parametric results. The latter were found tobe inadequate to cover the wide geometrical parameter range.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana MajumdarINO

62 Biennial Report 2005-072.5.1.12 Simulation of electrostatic properties in nano-devicesNano-gap devices are potential candidates for label-free bio-sensors for their ability to influencecellular dynamics including DNA translocation and detect single strand DNA. Since the electrostaticconfiguration of nano-devices strongly influences the process, a detailed study of the same isnecessary. Owing to the use of analytic solution in the neBEM, it is possible to model easily theextremely small dimensions of nano-devices and estimate the charge distribution and the electricfield precisely throughout the device. A model problem of a nano-channel with potential differenceacross was studied with a uniformly charged or a conducting nano-particle within. The variationin potential distribution within the channel for horizontal and vertical displacements of the nanoparticlewas determined.Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana MajumdarINO2.5.1.13 Simulation of electrostatic field near 3D corners and edgesTheoretically the electric field becomes infinite at singular locations like corners and edges in ageometry. Special mesh refinement schemes or the form of local asymptotic expansions in FEMand BEM are used to handle them. The neBEM solver was used to solve the classical problem oftwo planes with finite potential intersecting at various angles enclosed by a cylinder. The exacttheoretical solution of the configuration is available in 2D while the neBEM computed a 3D versionyielding result as close as a micron to the corner or edge. It was also possible to reproduce thedependence of the strength of the electric field as a function of the distance from the geometricsingularity.Nayana Majumdar, Supratik MukhopadhyayINO2.6 Developmental Work2.6.1.1 Detection of fast neutron for R3B of FAIR facilityR3B project at the FAIR facility at Darmstadt aims for investigations of unstable nuclei usinghigh energy radioactive beam in inverse kinematics. In order to perform kinematically completemeasurements, high energy neutron detector is required. For this purpose high energy neutron(TOF) detector with good time resolution (∼100 ps) and position resolution (∼2/3 cm) and highefficiency is being developed. With better time resolution and position resolution, the excitationenergy resolution will go down to approximately another order of magnitude (200KeV to 40 KeV)above neutron threshold. This will be helpful not only in indirect measurement of capture crosssectionwhich is important in Astrophysical scenario, but also helpful in studying excitation spectraof unbound nuclei, angular distribution etc. which will be essential information for structure physics.In a first step, we explore Resistive plate chamber as a detector component. To increase theefficiency of detection of high energy neutron, it is being planned to use Iron as a converter and thesecondary charged particles produce which will be detected by scintillator or RPC. Since protonsare main secondary charged particle produced by neutron with high energy (several hundreds ofMeV) on Fe (converter). To test response of multi gap RPC, we have bombarded proton with

Nuclear Sciences 63energy of 55 to 180 MeV on RPC (developed by FOPI, HADES collaboration) at KVI, Groningen.Excellent time resolution (45ps) has been obtained. These results demonstrate feasibility of theneutron detection concept using converter plus RPCs for charged particle detection.K Boretzky†, U Datta Pramanik†, D Rossi†, K Mahata†, KD Hildenbrand†, N Kalantar-Nayestanaki†, M Kis†, L Popescu†, C Rogollet du Toit†, A Schuttauf†, H Simon†, M Vencelj†,H Wortche† for the R3B CollborationNAP2.6.1.2 Development and performance test of an axial gas ionization detectorThe axial gas ionization detector fabricated and tested in the previous report period has beenstudied more thoroughly through electrostatic calculations of induced charges and potentials. TheShockley-Ramo theorem was used to study the weighting potential so as to investigate the utilityof the Frisch grid in the design. The limitations on the proportionality of the induced charge tothe energy loss have been also studied. The detector has been upgraded for in-beam experiments.S Adhikari, C Basu, C Samanta, SS Brahmachari, BP Das, P BasuNAP2.6.1.3 Development on the PAC spectrometer for high and low temperature measurementsDevelopment on the existing four detector perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectrometer hasbeen made for measurements at high and low temperatures. For high temperatures, a small resistivefurnace has been made which is suitable for PAC measurements up to 700 ◦ C with a temperaturestability of 1 ◦ C. In the low temperature side, a refrigerated liquid circulator has been installedwhich can go down to -88 ◦ C. An arrangement has been made to flow the liquid through the samplein the PAC set up. Now, with the present set up, it is possible to vary the sample temperaturefrom 77K up to 973K for PAC measurements.CC DeyNAP2.6.1.4 Development of an annular parallel grid avalanche counter for spectroscopyof heavy nucleiThe difficulty involved in the spectroscopic studies of the proton rich heavy trans-lead nuclei isthat the only pathway to produce these nuclei and populate the high spin states is the fusionevaporation reaction. However, more than 60% of fusion cross section goes into fission resultingin a large background of unwanted gamma rays. In order to do an exclusive measurement, it isnecessary to tag on the evaporation residues of interest. An annular, highly segmented parallel gridavalanche counter was developed for this purpose. The detector, fabricated entirely using the SINPmachine shop and the Electronics Workshop facility (EWF), was successfully tested offline withspontaneous fission source. For the fission fragments emitted from the 252 Cf spontaneous fissionsource, anode pulses of 15 - 40 mV amplitude and 1-3 ns rise time were obtained. The noise levelinside the test set up was less than 10 mV. The cross talk between the adjacent anode segments wasless than 3%. This detector will be used for spectroscopic studies of heavy proton rich trans-lead

64 Biennial Report 2005-07nuclei as a tagging device with a Clover detector array.Mala Das, Debasmita Kanjilal, Chandranath Marick, S SahaNAP2.6.1.5 Development of a low-cost microcontroller based data acquisition system formeasurement of drop nucleation in superheated emulsion detectorAn ATMEL 89C51 microcontroller based data acquisition system with multichannel scalar wasdeveloped for measurement of drop nucleation rate in a superheated drop emulsion detector. Thedata acquisition programme was based on the machine language of the 89C51 microcontroller forthe real time device interface. Communication to a PC through a serial port, GUI for control anddisplay, and data storage in ASCII format for further analysis were done using VISUAL C++ bysummer trainees from the College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat (CEMK). Stabilityof operation of the acoustic pulse processing electronics, and the data acquisition system wereobserved to be better that 0.25% over prolonged operation for a few days at a stretch.S Bose, Dwijendranath Das, S Saha, Mala Das, Shantanu Guha, Somenath MitraNAP2.6.1.6 Active device development for measurement of drop nucleation in superheatedemulsion detectorAn active device for the measurement of nucleation of drops in superheated drop emulsion detectoris developed. The acoustic pulse produced due to the evaporation of the drops is converted to theelectrical signal using a low-cost microphone (capacitive diaphragm sensor). The successive stagesare the amplification, rectification and peak detection, discrimination from the noise & productionof the TTL output. The performance of the circuit has been tested using superheated drops of R12(CCl2F2 : b.p. −29.79 ◦ C) and 252 Cf neutron source.Mala Das, AS Arya, S SahaNAP2.6.1.7 Development of a UHV scattering chamberFor our electron scattering experiment a UHV chamber has been designed. The chamber wouldmaintain a vacuum of 10 −8 to 10 −9 torr. A gas flow system and an electron analyzer will be placedinside the chamber. After consulting with several manufacturing companies the final offer went toFillunger & Co, Pune. Fabrication of the chamber is now in progress.D Mitra, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, PK DasNAP

Nuclear Sciences 652.7 Publications2.7.1 Publication in Edited VolumesC Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu, Modified Bethe-Weizsacker Mass Formula with IsotonicShift, New Driplines and Hypernuclei, in American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings802 (2005) p1422.7.2 Papers in Journals2005P Adrich†, A Klimkiewicz†, M Fallot†, T Aumann†, K Boretzky†, U Datta Pramanik, H Emling†,H Geissel†, M Hellstroem†, KL Jones†, JV Kratz†, R Kulessa†, Y Leifels†, C Nociforo†, RPalit†, H Simon†, K Suemmerer†, W Walus†, the LAND-FRS Collaboration Evidence for Pygmyand Giant Dipole Resonances in 130 Sn and 132 Sn, Phys Rev Lett 95 (2005) 132501DN Basu†, P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, Folding model analysis of proton radioactivity of sphericalproton emitters, Phys Rev C72 (2005) 051601 (R)C Bhattacharya†, A Dey†, S Kundu†, K Banerjee†, S Bhattacharya†, S Mukhopadhyay†, D Gupta†,T Bhattacharjee†, SR Banerjee†, S Bhattacharya†, T Rana†, SK Basu†, R Saha†, S Bhattacharjee†,K Krishan†, A Mukherjee, D Bandopadhyay†, C Beck†, Survival of orbiting in 20 Ne (7-10MeV/nucleon) + 12 C reactions, Phys Rev C72 (2005) 021601(R)A Chakraborty†, Krishichayan†, SS Ghugre†, R Goswami†, S Mukhopadhyay†, NS Pattabiraman†,S Ray†, AK Sinha†, S Sarkar†, PV Madhusudhana Rao†, U Garg†, SK Basu†, MB Chatterjee,M Saha Sarkar, L Chaturvedi†, A Dhal†, RK Sinha†, IM Govil†, RK Bhowmik†, A Jhingan†, NMadhavan†, S Muralithar†, S Nath†, RP Singh†, P Sugathan†, Spectroscopy of 90 Nb at high spin,Phys Rev C72 (2005) 054309MB Das, S Karmakar†, Radiative lifetime of some excited states of neutral Xenon, Eur PhysJ D32 (2005) 285MB Das, D Mitra, S Karmakar†, Lifetime measurement of some excited states, Phys Scr 71 (2005)599MB Das, S Karmakar†, Lifetime measurement of excited atomic and ionic, Pramana 65 (2005)1061U Datta Pramanik, T Aumann†, K Boretzky†, D Cortina†, Th W Elze†, H Emling† , H Geissel†,M Hellstrom†, KL Jones†, LH Khiem†, JV Kratz†, R Kulessa†, Y Leifels†, G Munzenberg†, CNociforo†, R Palit†, H Scheit†, H Simon†, K Summerer†, S Typel†, W Walus†, H Weick†, Studiesof light neutron-rich nuclei near the drip line, Eur Phys J A25 (2005) 339U Datta Pramanik, T Aumann†, K Boretzky†, D Cortina†, Th W Elze†, H Emling†, H Geissel†,M Hellstrom†, KL Jones†, LH Khiem†, JV Kratz†, R Kulessa†, Y Leifels†, G Munzenberg†, C

66 Biennial Report 2005-07Nociforo†, R Palit†, H Scheit†, H Simon†, K Summerer†, S Typel†, W Walus†, H Weick†, Coulombbreakup of psd-shell neutron-rich nuclei, J Phys G31 (2005) S1583Dhanadeep Dutta, S Chatterjee, KT Pillai†, BN Ganguly, Subtleties in Structural Aspects of SyntheticZeolite Material: a comparative assay through PALS and BET methods, J Applied Physics98 (2005) 033509CC Dey, Nuclear spin relaxation in some non-viscous media using the 181 Hf probe, HyperfineInteract 163 (2005) 121G Gangopadhyay†, Subinit Roy, Relativistic Mean Field Study of Neutron-rich Even-even C andBe Isotopes, J Phys G: Nucl Part Phys G31 (2005) 1111R Kanungo†, M Chiba†, B Abu-Ibrahim†, S Adhikari†, DQ Fang†, N Iwasa†, K Kimura†, KMaeda†, S Nishimura†, T Ohnishi†, A Ozawa†, C Samanta, T Suda†, T Suzuki†, Q Wang†, CWu†, Y Yamaguchi†, K Yamada†, A Yoshida†, T Zheng†, I Tanihata†, New view to the structureof C-19, Eur Phys J A25 (2005) 261 Suppl. 1R Kanungo†, M Chiba†, B Abu-Ibrahim†, S Adhikari†, DQ Fang†, N Iwasa†, K Kimura†, KMaeda†, S Nishimura†, T Ohnishi†, A Ozawa†, C Samanta, T Suda†, T Suzuki†, Q Wang†, CWu†, Y Yamaguchi†, K Yamada†, A Yoshida†, T Zheng†, I Tanihata†, Observation of a twoprotonhalo in Ne-17, Eur Phys J A25 (2005) 327 Suppl. 1Soumitra Kar†, Subhajit Biswas†, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, PMG Nambissan, Finite-size effects onband structure of CdS nanocrystallites studied by positron annihilation, Phys Rev B72 (2005)0753382006S Adhikari, C Basu, C Samanta, SS Brahmachari, BP Das, P Basu, Performance of an axialgas ionization detector, IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 53 (2006) 2270S Adhikari, C Samanta, C Basu, BJ Roy, S Ray, A Srivastava, K Ramachandran, V Tripathi,K Mahata, V Jha, P Sukla, S Rathi, M Biswas, P Roy Chowdhury, A Chatterjee, S Kailas, Reactionmechanisms with loosely bound nuclei 7 Li + 6 Li at forward angles in the incident energy region14-20 MeV, Phys Rev C74 (2006) 024602Chinmay Basu, Magic numbers from new systematics, Int J Mod Phys 15 (2006) 747DN Basu†, P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, Equation of state for isospin asymmetric nuclear matterusing Lane potential, Acta Phys Pol B37 (2006) 2869Sudeb Bhattacharya, India-based Neutrino Observatory - the present status, Prog Part Nucl Phys57 (2006) 299Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, PMG Nambissan, Positron annihilationstudies of defects and interfaces of ZnS nanostructures of different crystalline and morphologicalfeatures, J Chem Phys 125 (2006) 164719

Nuclear Sciences 67Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, PMG Nambissan, Positron annihilationstudies of defects and interfaces of ZnS nanostructures of different crystalline and morphologicalfeatures, Virtual J of Nanoscale Science & Technology 14 (2006) 1MB Das, S Karmakar†, Experimental lifetimes of some level belonging to the 5p 4 6d configurationof XeII, Eur Phys J D40 (2006) 339MB Das, S Karmakar†, Experimental lifetimes of some levels belonging to the 4p 4 5d configurationof KrII, J Quant Spectrosc & Radiat Trans 102 (2006) 387A Ekstrom†, J Cederkall†, A Hurst†, C Fahlander†, A Banu†, P Butler†, J Eberth†, M Gorska†,D Habs†, M Huyse†, O Kester†, O Niedermaier†, T Nilsson†, M Pantea†, H Scheit†, D Schwalm†,G Sletten†, U Datta Pramanik, P van Duppen†, N Warr†, D Weisshaar†, and the IS418/REX-ISOLDE/ISOLDE Collaborations, Coulomb excitation of 110 Sn using REX-ISOLDE, CERN, PhysScr T125 (2006) 190S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, A Goswami, S Muralithar†,RP Singh†, R Kumar†, RK Bhowmik†, Band structure in 83 Rb from lifetime measurements,Nucl Phys A768 (2006) 43Bichitra Ganguly, Nikolay Djourelov†, Takenori Suzuki†, Srinanda Kundu, Surface modificationof mica due to titanium sputtering as studied by positron annihilation, Int J Appl Radiat Isotopes64 (2006) 651K Kalita†, S Verma†, R Singh†, JJ Das†, A Jhingan†, N Madhavan†, S Nath†, T Varughese†, PSugathan†, VV Parkar†, K Mahata†, K Ramachandran†, A Shrivastava†, A Chatterjee†, S Kailas†,S Barua†, P Basu, H Majumdar, Mandira Sinha, R Bhattacharya†, AK Sinha†, Elastic scatteringand fusion cross sections for 7 Be, 7 Li + 27 Al systems, Phys Rev C73 (2006) 024609Krishichayan†, A Chakraborty†, SS Ghugre†, R Goswami†, S Mukhopadhyay†, NS Pattabiraman†,S Ray†, AK Sinha†, S Sarkar†, U Garg†, PV Madhusudhana Rao†, SK Basu†, BK Yogi†, LChaturvedi†, A Dhal†, RK Sinha†, M Saha Sarkar, S Saha, R Singh†, RK Bhowmik†, A Jhingan†,N Madhavan†, S Muralithar†, S Nath†, RP Singh†, P Sugathan†, Spin-parity measurementsin neutron-rich N ≃20 34 P and 36 S nuclei, Eur Phys J A29 (2006) 151Ritesh Kshetri, M Saha Sarkar, S Sarkar†, Evolution of collectivity in neutron-rich nuclei of 132 Snregion, Phys Rev C74 (2006) 034314Subarna Mitra†, K Mandal†, Suman Sinha†, PMG Nambissan, S Kumar†, Size and temperaturedependent cationic redistribution in NiFe 2 O 4 (SiO 2 ) nanocomposites: positron annihilation andMossbauer studies, J Phys D: Appl Phys 39 (2006) 4228A Mukherjee, S Roy, MK Pradhan, MS Sarkar, P Basu, B Dasmahapatra, T Bhattacharya†, SBhattacharya†, SK Basu†, A Chatterjee†, V Tripathi†, S Kailas†, Influence of projectile α-breakupthreshold on complete fusion, Phys Lett B636 (2006) 91S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Computation of 3D MEMS electrostatics using a nearly exact

68 Biennial Report 2005-07BEM solver, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 30 (2006) 687S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Effect of finite dimensions of gas detectors on electric field configuration,IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 53 (2006) 539N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyay, Simulation of three-dimensional electrostatic field configurationin wire chambers: A novel approach, Nucl Instrum & Methods A566 (2006) 489P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, DN Basu, Alpha decay half-lives of new superheavy elements,Phys Rev C73 (2006) 014612M Saha Sarkar, Ritesh Kshetri, Rajarshi Raut, A Mukherjee, Mandira Sinha†, Maitreyi Ray†,A Goswami, S Ray, P Basu, H Majumder, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra , Characterisation ofa Compton Suppressed Clover Detector for high energy gamma rays (≤ 11 MeV), Nucl Instrum &Methods A556 (2006) 266C Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu†, Generalized mass formula for non-strange and hypernuclei with SU(6) symmetry breaking, J Phys G32 (2006) 363W Urban†, M Saha Sarkar, S Sarkar†, T Rzaca-Urban†, JL Durell†, AG Smith†, JA Genevey†,JA Pinston†, GS Simpson†, I Ahmad†, New information on the T=47 s isomer in the 136 I nucleus,Eur Phys J A27 (2006) 257 (Letter)RE Warner†, F Carstoiu†, FD Becchetti†, DA Roberts†, JA Brown†, B Davids†, A Galonsky†,RM Ronningen†, M Steiner†, M Horoi†, JJ Kolata†, A Nadasen†, C Samanta, J Schwarzenberg†,K Subotic†, Reaction and Proton-removal cross sections of 6 Li, 7 Be, 10 B, 9,10,11 C, 12 N, 13,15 O and17 Ne on Si at 15 to 53 MeV/nucleon, Phys Rev C74 (2006) 0146052007K Boretzky†, P Adrich†, A Klimkiewicz†, M Fallot†, T Aumann†, D Cortina-Gil†, U Datta Pramanik,Th W Elze†, H Emling†, H Geissel†, M Hellstrom†, KL Jones†, JV Kratz†, R Kulessa†, YLeifels†, C Nociforo†, R Palit†, H Simon†, G Surowka†, K Summerer†, W Walus†, and the LAND-FRS Collaboration, Giant dipole resonance of neutron-rich Sn nuclei, Nucl Phys A788 (2007) 145CJ Cederkall†, A Ekstrom†, C Fahlander†, A Hurst†, M Hjorth-Jensen†, F Ames†, A Banu†, PAButler†, T Dvinson†, U Datta Pramanik, J Eberth†, S Franchoo†, G Georgiev†, M Gorska†, DHabs†, G Sletten†, I Stefanescu†, J van de Walle†, P van Duppen†, N Warr†, D Weisshaar†, FWenander†, Sub-Barrier Coulomb excitation of 110 Sn and Its Implication for the 100 Sn Shell Closure,Phys Rev Lett 98 (2007) 172501U Datta Pramanik, Indirect measurement of radiative capture cross sections relevant in astrophysicalscenarios, in Prog Part Nucl Phys 59 (2007) p183S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, R Raut, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, A Goswami, SMukhopadhyay, A Mukherjee, G Mukherjee, SK Basu, Study of Intruder band in 112 Sn, Nucl PhysA789 (2007) 1

Nuclear Sciences 69Bichitra Ganguly, Debarshi Gangopadhyay, Dhanadeep Dutta, Sujib Chatterjee, Tapas Mukherjee†,Binayak Dutta Roy†, Positronium interactions in liquids and porous substances, Radiat Phys& Chem 76 (2007) 263D Gupta, JM Chatterjee, R Ghosh, AK Mitra, S Roy, M Sarkar, EDXRF analysis of municipalsolid waste using 109 Cd source, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65 (2007) 512MS Kaiser†, PMG Nambissan, MK Banerjee†, A Sachdeva†, PK Pujari†, Positron lifetime studiesand coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy of Al 94−x Mg 6 Sc x (x = 0 to 0.6) alloy, J MaterSci 42 (2007) 2618Soumitra Kar†, Subhajit Biswas†, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, PMG Nambissan, Substitution-inducedstructural transformation in Mn-doped ZnS nanorods studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy,Nanotechnology 18 (2007) 225606Ritesh Kshetri, M Saha Sarkar, Indrani Ray, P Banerjee, S Sarkar†, Rajarshi Raut, A Goswami,JM Chatterjee, S Chattopadhyay, U Datta Pramanik, A Mukherjee, CC Dey, S Bhattacharya, BDasmahapatra, Samit Bhowal†, G Gangopadhyay†, P Datta†, HC Jain†, RK Bhowmik†, S Muralithar†,RP Singh†, R Kumar†, High spin structure of 35 Cl and the sdfp shell gap, Nucl PhysA781 (2007) 277P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu†, C Samanta, Alpha decay chains from element 113, Phys Rev C75(2007) 047306C Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu†, Predictions of Alpha Decay Half lives of Heavy andSuperheavy Elements, Nucl Phys A789 (2007) 142C Samanta, SHE decays near the magic island, Rom Rep Phys 59 (2007) 491S Santra, D Mitra, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, Angular distribution of Au and U L X-rays inducedby 22.6 keV photons, Phys Rev A75 (2007) 022901H Simon†, M Meister†, T Aumann†, MJG Borge†, LV Chulkov†, U Datta Pramanik, Th W Elze†,H Emling†, C Forssen†, H Geissel†, M Hellstrom†, B Jonson†, JV Kratz†, et al, Systematics investigationof the drip-line nuclei 11 Li and 14 Be and their unbound subsystems 10 Li and 13 Be, NuclPhys A791 (2007) 2672.7.2.1 Publications in Conference ProceedingsB Basu, S Biswas, S Dey, A Mazumdar, S Raha, S Saha, SK Saha, D Syam, A highly unusualcosmic ray event at mountain altitude, Proc of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 9 (2005)211B Basu, B Fischer, A Mazumdar, S Raha, S Saha, SK Saha, D Syam, Characterization of apolymer as a heavy ion detector, Proc of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 9 (2005) 279

70 Biennial Report 2005-07C Samanta, Mass formula from normal to hypernuclei, Proc of the carpathian Summer Schoolof Physics on Exotic Nuclei and Nuclear/Particle Astrophysics, Eds S Stoica, L Trache, RE Tribble(World Scientific, Singapore, 2006) p292.8 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshop/Schools&cWorkshop on Changing Scales in Nuclear Physics, VECC, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata,India, June 14-15, 2005•Sucheta Adhikari, Polash Banerjee, Chinmay Basu, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Sourav Ganguly, AsimanandaGoswami, Ushasi Datta Pramanik, Ritesh Kshetri, Anjali Mukherjee, Rajarshi Raut,Indrani Roy, Partha Roy Chowdhury, Maitrayee Saha SarkarSchool on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics (UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research,Kolkata Center ), VECC, Kolkata, India, June 22-26, 2005•Maitreyee Saha Sarkar, The Cranked Shell Model (Invited)International Conference on Nanomaterials (Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,Virudhunagar), Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Virudhunagar, Madurai, TamilNadu, India, July 13-15, 2005•Soumitra Kar, Subhajit Biswas, Subhadra Chaudhuri, PMG Nambissan, Discrete energy level formationin CdS nanoparticles studied by positron annihilation (Invited)Discussion meet on Research and development of diagnostic and therapeutic applicationsof reactor produced isotopes, SINP, Kolkata, August 25, 2005•Bichitra Ganguly (Convenor), Positrons in biologyNational Seminar on Modern Trends in Material Science, University of Calicut, Malappuram,Kerala, India, August 29-30, 2005•PMG Nambissan, Defect specific investigation of phase transformations in nanomaterials (Invited)8th International workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (University ofCoimbra), Coimbra, Portugal, September 4, 2005•Bichitra Ganguly, Positronium interactions in liquids and porous substances (Invited)27th International School of Nuclear Physics in Eric, Italy, September 16-24, 2005•Sudeb Bhattacharya, India-based Neutrino Observatory - the present status(Invited)Indo-German workshop on recent trends in development of PET (Institute of NuclearMedicineand Allied Sciences, DRDO), INMAS, New Delhi, India, November 15,2005•Bichitra Ganguly•International Conference on Computational and Experimental Engineering and Sciences(ICCES 2005) (ICCES & Indian Institute of Technology Madras), IIT Madras,

Nuclear Sciences 71Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, December 1-6, 2005•S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Development of a BEM solver using exact expressions for computingthe influence of singularity distributions [Advances in Computational and ExperimentalEngineering and Sciences: Proc of International Conference on Computational and ExperimentalEngineering and Sciences (ICCESS’05), Eds SM Sivakumar, A Meher Prasad, B Dattaguru, SNarayanan, AM Rajendran, SN Atluri (TechScience Press, Norcross, USA, 2005) p519]•N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyay, Computation of electrostatic field near three-dimensional cornersand edges [ibid p443]DAE BRNS 50th Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, December 12-16, 2005•Ritesh Kshetri, Indrani Ray, S Sarkar, P Banerjee, R Raut, A Goswami, JM Chatterjee, S Chattopadhyay,U Datta Pramanik, A Mukherjee, CC Dey, S Bhowal†, G Ganguly, KS Golda, R Kumar,RP Singh, S Muralithar, PV Madhusudhana Rao, N Madhavan, JJ Das, S Nath, P Sugathan, AJhingan, P Datta, PK Joshi, HC Jain, RK Bhowmik, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra, M SahaSarkar, Lifetime Measurements in 35 Cl [Proc DAE-BRNS Symp Nucl Phys, Ed(s) S Kailas, SureshKumar, LM Pant 50 (2005) p235]•Ritesh Kshetri, Indrani Ray, A Mukherjee, P Banerjee, R Raut, A Goswami, JM Chatterjee, SChattopadhyay, U Datta Pramanik, S Sarkar†, CC Dey, S Bhowal†, G Ganguly†, KS Golda†, RKumar†, RP Singh†, S Muralithar†, PV Madhusudhana Rao†, N Madhavan†, JJ Das†, S Nath†,P Sugathan†, A Jhingan†, P Datta†, PK Joshi†, HC Jain†, RK Bhowmik†, S Bhattacharya, BDasmahapatra, M Saha Sarkar, Pattern of Side Feeding Intensity in Mass 40 Region (Poster) [ibidp237]•Ritesh Kshetri, Indrani Ray, Sukhendusekhar Sarkar, M Saha Sarkar, Changing Spin-Orbit Interactionwith Increasing Exoticism across the Periodic Table (Poster) [ibid p285]•Indrani Ray, Moumita Ray Basu†, Gautam De†, Ritesh Kshetri, P Banerjee, R Raut, A Goswami,JM Chatterjee, S Chattopadhyay, U Datta Pramanik, A Mukherjee, CC Dey, S Bhowal†, S Sarkar†,G Ganguly†, KS Golda†, R Kumar†, RP Singh†, S Muralithar†, PV Madhusudhana Rao† , NMadhavan†, JJ Das†, S Nath†, P Sugathan†, A Jhingan†, P Datta†, PK Joshi†, HC Jain†, RKBhowmik†, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra, M Saha Sarkar, Study of high-spin states in 30 Pusing heavy-ion reaction (Poster) [ibid p233]•S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, A Goswami, S Muralithar,RP Singh, R Kumar, RK Bhowmik, Study of Positive-parity yrast band in 83 Rb (Poster)[ibid p244]•A Chakraborty†, Krishichayan†, SS Ghugre†, AK Sinha†, M Saha Sarkar, S Sarkar†, AChakraborty, Implication of a large B(E2) value in 93 Mo (Poster) [ibid p247]•Sukhendusekhar Sarkar†, W Urban†, M Saha Sarkar, Role of π(2d 5/2 ) orbital on the structure ofnuclei above the 132 Sn core (Poster) [ibid p247]•Mandira Sinha, M Biswas, A Mukherjee, Subinit Roy, P Basu, H Majumdar, R Bhattacharya†,BR Behera†, KS Golda†, SK Datta†, S Kailas†, Investigation of elastic scattering with looselybound nuclei 6,7 Li (Poster) [ibid p304]•P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, DN Basu, Proton decay half lives of spherical nuclei in the frameworkof microscopic and global optical model potentials (Poster) [ibid p293]•DN Basu†, P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, Alpha decay half lives of new superheavy isotopes(Poster) [ibid p365]•I Ray, U Datta Pramanik, SK Basu, P Banerjee, S Bhattacharya, RK Bhowmik, A Goswami, RKshetri, R Kumar, S Mandal, A Mukherjee, B Mukherjee, S Muralithar, Ranjeet, MS Sarkar, RPSingh, Study of high-spin structure of the nuclei around A∼120 near proton-drip line

72 Biennial Report 2005-07•C Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu, Modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula for hypernuclei(Poster) [ibid p390]Topical Conference on Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, IACS, Kolkata, India,December 13-15, 2005•MB Das, S Karmakar†, Experimental lifetimes of some levels belonging to the 4p 4 5d configurationof KrII (Poster)International Conference on MEMS and Semiconductor Nanotechnolgy (MemsNano)(ATC, DPM, DEE & Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur), IIT Kharagpur,Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, December 20-22, 2005•N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyay, Computation of electrostatic properties of 3D MEMS structures(Poster) [Proc International Conference on MEMS and Semiconductor Nanotechnolgy (MemsNano),Ed Samir K Lahiri (IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 2005) p172]School cum Workshop on Low Energy Nuclear Astrophysics (SLENA 2006), SahaInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, January 16-20, 2006•All Members of the Nuclear Science GroupInternational Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP-2006) (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), TIFR, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,February 13-17, 2006•N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyay, Computation of nearly exact 3D electrostatic field in gas ionizationdetectors (Poster) [Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP-2006), Ed(s)Sunanda Banerjee (Macmillan India Ltd, Mumbai, 2006) p233)]DFG Meeting, Berlin, March, 2006•A Klimkiewicz†, P Adrich, M Fallot, T Aumann, K Boretzky, U Datta Pramanik, H Emling, HGeissel, M Hellstroem, KL Jones, JV Kratz, R Kulessa, Y Leifels, C Nociforo, R Palit, H Simon,K Suemmerer, R Kulessa, W Walus, Giant dipole resonance and pigmy resonance in neutron-richSn and Sb isotopesInternational Symposium on Nano-Bio Interface (Calcutta University & Saha Instituteof Nuclear Physics), SINP, Kolkata, India, March 1-3, 2006•S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Computation of 3D electrostatic properties of nano-devices(Poster)SERC School On Nuclear Dynamics At Low And Medium Energies And Nuclear Structure(Department Of Science & Technology, Government of India ), VECC, Kolkata,India, March 13-April 1, 2006•M Saha Sarkar, Discrete gamma ray spectroscopy with large detector array (Invited)National Seminar on Recent Advances in Chemistry (Payyanur College), PayyanurCollege, Kannur, Kerala, India, May 26-28, 2006•PMG Nambissan, Physical properties of chemically synthesized nanomaterials as seen from theannihilation of positrons (Invited)The EXON06 conference, Siberia, Khanty-Mansiik, July, 2006

Nuclear Sciences 73•E Erich†, S Fortier†, E Tryggestadt†, Y Blumenfeld†, F Delama†, U Datta Pramanik, S Gales†,F Hammache†, V Lima† et al, Search for resonances in 4n, 7 H and 9 He via transfer reactionsThe Seventh International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams (RNB7),Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy, July, 3-7, 2006•E Erich†, S Fortier†, E Tryggestadt†, Y Blumenfeld†, U Datta Pramanik, F Delama†, S Gales†,F Hammache†, V Lima†, et al, Search for multineutron clusters and other neutron-ultra-rich nucleivia 8 He induced transfer reactions14th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (McMaster University), Mc-Master University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, July 23-28, 2006•Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, PMG Nambissan, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, Defects-related aspectsof Mn x Zn 1−x S nanorods: Results from positron annihilation studies (Invited)•PMG Nambissan, Subhajit Biswas†, Soumitra Kar†, Subhadra Chaudhuri†, Structural changesdue to incorporation of Mn 2+ ions in ZnS nanoparticles: Results from positron annihilation studies(Poster)•R Sen†, PMG Nambissan, MK Mitra†, MK Banerjee†, Positron lifetime studies to understandthe effect of scandium doping on phase decomposition in Al-6Mg alloy (Poster)•R Sen†, PMG Nambissan, MK Mitra†, MK Banerjee†, Positron lifetime studies to assess the influenceof zirconium in the phase decomposition of Al-6Mg-0.4Sc alloy (Poster)Eighth International Conference on Nanostructured Materials (Nano 2006) (IndianInstitute of Science), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, August20-25, 2006•Subarna Mitra, Kalyan Mandal, PMG Nambissan, Temperature and size dependent structuralchanges in NiFe 2 O 4 nanocrystals grown in SiO 2 matrixIX International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2006) (Brazilian PhysicalSociety, USP, UFF), Rio Othon Palace Hotel, Rio de Janeiro, Rio, Brazil, August28-September 1, 2006•Chinmay Basu, Study of magicity from deuteron separation energy•Chinmay Basu, Study of deformation and shell effect in heavy-ion fusion evaporation (Poster)•S Adhikari, Nuclear reaction study with light loosely bound nuclei•S Adhikari, Development of an axial transmission type gas detector (Poster)IUAC Workshop on Nuclear Physics with Linac beams (Inter University AcceleratorCentre), IUAC, New Delhi, India, September 14-15, 2006•Satyajit Saha, Spectroscopy of Trans Lead Nuclei scopes and possibilities (Invited)•Sudeb Bhattacharya, Mala Das, Asimananda Goswami, Debasmita Kanjilal, Ritesh Kshetri,Mukesh Pradhan, Indrani Roy, Partha Roy Chowdhury, Chhanda SamantaInternational School of Nuclear Physics in Erice, Sicily, September 16-24, 2006•U Datta Pramanik, Indirect measurement of capture cross-section in astrophysical scenario (Invited)National Conference on Recent Advances in Material Science (Kurukshetra University),Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, September 27-29, 2006•PMG Nambissan, Positron annihilation as a versatile nuclear spectroscopic probe for the studies

74 Biennial Report 2005-07of nanomaterials (Invited)R3B International collaboration meeting, University of Milano, Italy, October, 2006•U Datta Pramanik, High energy neutron detector using RPC (Invited)•U Datta Pramanik, Chairperson, the R3B Physics sessionInternational Workshop on Science for Cultural Heritage (Abdus Salam InternationalCentre for Theoretical Physics), Abdus Salam International Centre for TheoreticalPhysics, Trieste, Italy, October 23-28, 2006•Debasis Mitra•International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnologies (ICMNT06) (UMMTO,ICTP, INP, UNESCO, IAEA, IEEE), University Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria, November 19-23, 2006•S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Use of the neBEM solver to compute the 3D electrostatic propertiesof comb drives [Proc International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnologies (ICMNT06),(UMMTO, Tizi-Ouzou, 2006) p45]•N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyay, Factors affecting the precision of electrostatic computation of 3DMEMS structures [ibid p234]DAE BRNS 51st Symposium on Nuclear Physics (DAE BRNS), The Maharaja SayajiraoUniversity of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, December 11-15, 2006•Mandira Sinha, M Biswas, A Mukherjee, Subinit Roy, P Basu, H Majumdar, R Bhattacharya†,BR Behera†, KS Golda†, SK Datta†, S Kailas†, S Santra†, VV Parkar†, MK Pradhan, Measurementof fusion cross-section from evaporaion α spectra for the system 7 Li + 28 Si (Poster) [Proc51st DAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Ed(s) S Kailas, Suresh Kumar, S Santra (BRNS,Vadodara, 2006, p433)]•DN Basu†, P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta Isospin asymmetric nuclear matter [ibid p567]•Tumpa Bhattacharjee†, S Chanda†, S Bhattacharya, SK Basu†, A Mukherjee, RK Bhowmik†, SMuralithar†, RP Singh†, SS Ghugre†, U Datta Pramanik, Spectroscopy of N=81 139 Ce [ibid p226]•Chinmay Basu, S Adhikari, SK Ghosh, S Roy, S Ray†, BR Behera†, SK Datta†, Study of alphaparticle spectra from 16 O+ 40 Ca reaction at E( 16 O)=86 MeV (Poster) [ibid p443]•Mili Biswas, M Sinha, MK Pradhan, A Mukherjee, P Basu, H Majumdar, Subinit Roy, A Shrivastava†,K Ramachandran†, Threshold behaviour of interaction potential for 6 Li+ 64 Ni around theCoulomb barrier (Poster) [ibid p397]•M Saha Sarkar, Sukhendusekhar Sarkar†, Interesting aspects of nuclear structure in neutron-rich132 Sn region (Invited) [ibid p79]•Ritesh Kshetri, I Ray, G Dey†, M Ray Basu†, S Ganguly, MK Pradhan, R Raut, Krishichayan†,A Chakraborty†, M Ray†, S Sarkar†, A Goswami, P Banerjee, A Mukherjee, U Datta Pramanik,SS Ghugre†, S Bhattacharya, B Dasmahapatra, M Saha Sarkar Spectroscopy of 169 Ta [ibid p224]•G Dey†, A Chakraborty†, Krishichayan†, Ritesh Kshetri, I Ray, S Ganguly, MK Pradhan, R Raut,M Ray Basu†, M Ray†, G Ganguly†, SS Ghugre†, AK Sinha†, SK Basu†, A Goswami, P Banerjee,A Mukherjee, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, S Sarkar†, Shape Coexistence in 153 Ho (Poster)[ibid p284]•I Ray, M Ray Basu†, Ritesh Kshetri, S Sarkar†, M Saha Sarkar, Evolution of shell gaps withneutron richness (Poster) [ibid p308]•S Ganguly, P Banerjee, I Ray, R Kshetri, S Bhattacharya, M Saha Sarkar, A Goswami, SMukhopadhyay, A Mukherjee, G Mukherjee, SK Basu, Study of rotational band in 111 Sn [ibid

Nuclear Sciences 75p286]•Debasmita Kanjilal, Mala Das, C Marick, S Saha, A segmented annular avalanche counter forevaporation residue detection and measurements (Poster) [ibid p622]•Mala Das, R Sarkar, PK Mondal, D Kanjilal, BK Chatterjee, S Saha, SC Roy, Investigation onR134a as a sensitive liquid for superheated drop emulsion detector (Poster) [ibid p628]•P Roy Chowdhury, C Samanta, Role of symmetry energy and hyperons in the stellar core (Poster)[ibid p573]•C Samanta, P Roy Chowdhury, DN Basu†, Lambda hypernuclei beyond normal driplines [ibidp503]•S Adhikari, A study of some static and dynamic properties of stable and unstable nuclei [ibidp679]XVII DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium (DAE-BRNS & DPM, IndianInstitute of Technology, Kharagpur), IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India,December 11-15, 2006•N Majumdar, S Mukhopadhyayy, Computation of electrostatic and gravitational sag in multiwirechambers [Proc XVII DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium, Dept of Physics & Meteorology(IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 2006) p85]•Saikat Biswas†, S Bhattacharya, S Chattopadhyay†, S Saha, MK Sharan, YP Viyogi, Study ofbakelite-based RPC detector performance with cosmic ray muons•Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Simulation of pickup signal ina Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) [ibid p73]•Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Nayana Majumdar, 3D simulation of new generation gas detectors [ibidp77]•S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, R Veenhof††, Estimation of weighting potential for a TPC [ibidp78]XVI National Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics (Indian Society of Atomicand Molecular Physics, Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Department of AtomicEnergy, Department of Science & Technology), TIFR, Mumbai, India, January 8-11,2007•M Sarkar, Inner shell ionization with photons (Invited)•S Santra, D Mitra, M Sarkar, D Bhattacharya, Angular distribution of Au and U L X-rays inducedby 22.6 keV photons (Poster)21st International Workshop on Weak Interaction and Neutrinos, SINP, Kolkata, India,January 15-20, 2007•Sudeb Bhattacharya, Ushasi Datta Pramanik, Suvendu Nath Bose, Ambar Ghosal, Debasish Majumdar,Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Satyajit Saha, Abhijit SamantaNational Seminar and Meeting on Positron Annihilation, Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, India, February 9-10, 2007•Bichitra Ganguly (Convenor), Positronium studies in Chemical aspects•PMG Nambissan, Current areas of research using positrons in materials at Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics (Invited)Nuclear and Radio Chemistry Symposium (NUCAR07), Vadodara, February 12-14,2007

76 Biennial Report 2005-07•Bichitra Nandi Ganguly, Nagendra Nath Mondal, SK Bandopadhyay†, Pintu Sen†, TemperatureDependent Positron Annihilation Study of Cinnamic Acid (Poster) [Proc Nuclear and RadioChemistrySymposium (NUCAR-2007), p181]International Conference on Emerging Mechanical Technologies Macro to Nano(EMTM2N) (Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani), BITS Pilani, Pilani,West Rajasthan, India, February 16-18, 2007•S Mukhopadhyay, N Majumdar, Use of rectangular and triangular elements for nearly exact BEMsolutions [Emerging Mechanical Technology - Macro to Nano, Ed(s) RK Mittal, NN Sharma, (ResearchPublishing, Chennai, 2007) p107]•Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Fast and precise estimation of capacitance of narrowbeam 3D MEMS structures [ibid p100]2.9 Ph D Awards & SubmissionsAtis Chandra Mandal [Manoranjan Sarkar], Inner Shell Ionisation And Scattering By Photons AndCharged Particles, Jadavpur University, Submitted September 2005, Awarded May 17, 2006Sumita Santra [Manoranjan Sarkar], Experimental Studies On Photon Induced Inner Shell Ionisation,Jadavpur University, Submitted March 2006, Awarded February 10, 2007Shyamal Karmakar [Mihir Baran Das], Experimental studies of lifetime of excited atomic andionic states of some inert gases by high frequency deflection technique, Jadavpur University, SubmittedMay 8, 2006, Awarded March 2007Dhanadeep Dutta [Bichitra Ganguly], Positron Annihilation Studies in Molecular Substances withSpecial Reference to Porous Materials, Jadavpur University, Submitted March, 2005, AwardedMarch, 2006Sucheta Adhikari [Chhanda Samanta], Study of some static and Dynamic Properties of stableand unstable nuclei, University of Calcutta, Submitted August 28, 20062.10 Honours and DistinctionsU Datta PramanikAwarded with Alexander Von Humboldt fellowship (AvH) for 2004-2006. This fellowship has beenextended again for another ten months (2008).Invited by LNL, INFN, Legnaro, Italy as FAI guest on 2006-2007

Nuclear Sciences 772.11 Teaching elsewhereSubinit RoyNuclear Reactions (20), December 27, 2005 to April 10, 2006, M Sc, Advance II (Special Paper)2005-2006, (Advance II (Special)) Calcutta University and Presidency College, Kolkata, IndiaPadmanava BasuNuclear reactions (30), December 26-March 31, 2007, M Sc 2006-07, (Special), University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaC SamantaGeneral Physics, Calculus based (32), June 15-August 15, 2006, B Sc summer, (General) VirginiaCommonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USANuclear Physics (32), January 15-May 15, 2006, M Sc Spring, (Special) Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, Richmond, Virginia, USAP BanerjeeGamma decay and Experimental Techniques in Nuclear Physics (30), April 10-July 1, 2005, M ScPart II, (Special) Presidency College, Kolkata, IndiaMaitreyee Saha SarkarNuclear Structure (40), November 30-March 30, 2006, M Sc 2005-2006, (Special) Presidency College,Kolkata, IndiaNuclear Structure (40), November 30-March 30, 2007, M Sc 2006-2007, (Special) Presidency College,Kolkata, IndiaSatyajit SahaPulse processing in Nuclear Experiments (4), March 13-April 2, 2006, Ph D, SERC School on NuclearDynamics at Low and Medium Energies and Nuclear Structure, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBichitra GangulyPositronium Chemistry (10), December 19-30, 2005, M Sc, (Nuclear Chemistry Special) BurdwanUniversity2.12 Seminars given elsewhereP Banerjee•Magnetic Rotation in Atomic Nuclei, VECC, Kolkata, India, June 22, 2005•Search for band termination in 112 Sn, UGC-DAE-CSR, Kolkata, India, November 28, 2005U Datta Pramanik•Indirect Measurement of Capture cross-section of 14 C(n,γ) 15 C in Astrophysical Scenario, INFN,Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, December 12, 2006•Indirect Measurement of Capture cross-section in Astrophysical Scenario, Colloquium IPN, Orsay,France, October 16, 2006

78 Biennial Report 2005-07•Indirect Measurement of Capture cross-section in Astrophysical Scenario, INFN, LaboratoriNazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, July 16, 2006•Study of High spin states of the neutron deficient nuclei near proton drip line, NSC, New Delhi,India, August, 2005Bichitra Ganguly•Use of Positronium annihilation in the microporous structure of polymers, Chemistry Department,Burdwan University, Burdwan, WB, India, December 29, 2005PMG Nambissan•Introducing positron annihilation as a spectroscopic tool for solid state physics research, CochinUniversity of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India, May 30, 2005•Defects in Nanosystems - Sites for Exploration by Positrons, Centre for Materials for ElectronicsTechnology (C-Met), Thrissur, Kerala, India, June 1, 2005•Solidification of high pressure inert gas nanobubbles in solids, University of Calicut, Malappuram,Kerala, India, June 2, 2005•Nanomaterials and nanotechnology - how they are going to change our lives in future?, All IndiaRadio, Kannur, Kerala, India, June 13, 2006•The calling needs of science in society, Science Park, Kannur, Kerala, India, June 4, 2006•Interaction with undergraduate students, Mahatma Gandhi College, Iritty, Kannur, Kerala, India,June 5, 2006•Recents trends of research in physics, Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, Kannur, Kerala, India,June 6, 2006•Science for school children, Deshaseva Upper Primary School, Kannadiparamba, Kannur, Kerala,India, June 7, 2006Subinit Roy•Fusion reactions around the barrier Influence of breakup, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, India, April 20, 2006Manoranjan Sarkar•Measurements of the Kα X-ray satellites from Si, SiO 2 and SiC with a WDX system, Departmentof Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, June 21, 2006•Applied Nuclear Physics activities at SINP, Kolkata, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, July 26,2006•Studies on photon excited satellites, Department of Physics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharastra,India, January 12, 20072.13 MiscellanyU Datta PramanikVisitedGSI, Darmstadt as visiting scientist through AvH fellowship, July-Dececember, 2006KVI, Netherland to perform experiment through European program, October-November, 2006IPN, Orsay, France for seminar and discussion, October 2006

Nuclear Sciences 79LNL, INFN, Legnaro, Itlay, May-June, 2006, February-March, 2007, Through FAI program forcollaborative work2.14 External CollaboratorsAhmad, I, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne,IL 60439, USAAli, S Asad, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAlgora, A, Institute of Nuclear Research, H-4001Debrecen, Pf. 51, HungaryAmes, F, TRIUMF, Vancouver, CanadaAngelis, G de, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali diLegnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyAumann, T, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyAwasthi, DK, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaAydin, S, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita diPadova and INFN, Sezione de Padova, Padova,ItalyAzaiez, F, IPNO, Universite Paris-Sud, CNRS,IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, FranceBanu, A, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyBandopadhyay, D, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBandyopadhyay, SK, Variable Energy CyclotronCentre, Kolkata, IndiaBanerjee, MK, Government College of Engineeringand Ceramic Technology, Kolkata, IndiaBanerjee, K, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBanerjee, SR, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBarua, S, Department of Physics, University ofGauhati, Guwahati, Assam, IndiaBasu, DN, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaBasu, SK, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBecchetti, FD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Michigan 48109, USABeck, C, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques,CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, FranceBhagwat, PV, Nuclear Physics Division, BARC,Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaBhattacharjee, S, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBhattacharjee, T, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBhattacharya, C, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaBhattacharya, R, Gurudas College, Kolkata, IndiaBhattacharya, Madhubrata, Dept of Phys, Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaBiswas, Subhajit, Indian Association for the Cultivationof Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaBhowal, Samit, Department of Physics, SurendranathEvening College, Kolkata-700009, WestBengal, IndiaBeghin, G, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita diPadova and INFN, Sezione de Padova, Padova,Italy Benzoni, G, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitadi Milano and INFN, Sezione de Milano,Milano, ItalyBhowmik, RK, Nuclear Science Center, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, IndiaBoretzky, K, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyBostan, M, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul,TurkeyBrondi, A, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitadi Napoli and INFN, Sezione de Napoli, Napoli,ItalyBrown, JA, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana47933, USAButler, P, PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva23, SwitzerlandByrski, T, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, BP28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceCarstoiu, F, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A & MUniversity, College Station, Texas 77843, USACederkaell, J, PH Department, CERN 1211,Geneva 23, SwitzerlandCelikovic, I, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences,11001 Belgrade, YugoslaviaChakraborty, A, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScienticResearch, Kolkata, IndiaChakraborty, Somnath, IIT, Kharagpur, IndiaChapman, R, Electronic Engineering and

80 Biennial Report 2005-07Physics, University of Scotland, Paisley PAI2BE, United KingdomChatterjee, A, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaChaturvedi, L, Department of Physics, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaChaudhuri, Subhadra, Indian Association for theCultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaCourtin, S, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3,BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceCurien, D, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, BP28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceDas, JJ, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaDasgupta, M, ANU, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaDatta, P, Department of Physics, AnandamohanCollege, Kolkata-700009, West Bengal, IndiaDatta, SK, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaDavids, B, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver,Canada V6T 2A3Davinson, T, Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of Edinburgh, United KingdomDe, Udayan, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaDeo, A, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai 400005, Maharastra, IndiaDey, A, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaDhal, A, Department of Physics, Banaras HinduUniversity, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDorvaux, O, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3,BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceDuchen, G, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3,BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceDutta Roy, Binayak, SN Bose Centre of Basicscience, Kolkata, W Bengal, IndiaEberth, J, Insitute of Nuclear Physics, Universityof Cologne, GermanyEkstrom, A, PH Department, CERN 1211,Geneva 23, SwitzerlandEmling, H, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyErduran, N, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul,TurkeyFahlander, C, Physics Department, Universityof Lund, SwedenFarnea, E, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita diPadova and INFN, Sezione de Padova, Padova,ItalyFaul, T, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, BP28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceFaust, H, Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceFioretto, E, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro,Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyDe France, G, GANIL, Bd. H. Becquerel, BP-55027, F14076 Caen CEDEX 5, FranceFranchoo, S, IPNO, Universite Paris-Sud,CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, FranceGadea, A, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro,Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyGalonsky, A, National Superconducting CyclotronLaboratory, East Lansing, Michigan48824, USAGanesan, V, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScientificResearch, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaGanguly, Gautam, Department of Physics, Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaGarg, U, UGC-DAE Department of Physics,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, USAGasques, LR, ANU, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaGeissel, H, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyGeorgiev, G, PH Department, CERN 1211,Geneva 23, SwitzerlandGenevey, J, 2Laboratoire de Physique Subatomiqueet de Cosmologie, IN2P3-Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique/UniversiteJoseph Fourier, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceGhoshal, Tandra, Indian Association for the Cultivationof Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaGhugre, SS, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScienticResearch, Kolkata, IndiaGiri, Rajendra, IIT, Delhi, IndiaGolda, KS, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaGorka, M, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyGoswami, R, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScienticResearch, Kolkata, IndiaGovil, IM, Department of Physics, Panjab University,Chandigarh 160014, IndiaGupta, D, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaHildenbrand, KD, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyHinde, DJ, ANU, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaHjorth-Jensen, M, Physics Department and Cen-

Nuclear Sciences 81ter of Mathematics for Application, Universityof Oslo, NorwayHoroi, M, Department of Physics, CentralMichigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan48859, USAHurst, A, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Universityof Liverpool, United KingdomJain, HC, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai 400005, Maharastra, IndiaJha, V, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaJhingan, A, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaJoshi, PK, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai 400005, Maharastra, IndiaKailas, S, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaKalita, K, Department of Physics & Astrophysics,University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaKalantar-Nayestanaki, N, KVI, University ofGroningen, NL-9747 AAKar, Soumitra, Indian Association for the Cultivationof Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaKarmakar, S, Department of Physics Kandi RajCollege, Murshidabad, Kandi, IndiaKim, C, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu,Gwangju, KoreaKis, M, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyKolata, JJ, University of Notre Dame, NotreDame, Indiana 46556, USAKrishan, K, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaKrishichayan, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScienticResearch, Kolkata, IndiaKumar, Rajesh, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh, IndiaKumar, R, Nuclear Science Center, Aruna AsafAli Marg, New Delhi 110067, IndiaKumar, S, Indian Institute of Technology, IndianInstitute of Technology, Uttaranchal 247667, IndiaKundu, S, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaKurup, MB, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaMadhavan, N, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaMajumder, I, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai, IndiaMukhopadhyay, S, UGC-DAE Consortium forScientic Research, Kolkata, IndiaMahata, K, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaMarginean, N, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali diLegnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyMazumdar, I, TIFR, Mumbai, Maharastra, IndiaMiddya, TR, Department of Physics, JadavpurUniversity, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaMaitra, Minakshi, Department of Physics, JadavpurUniversity, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaMitra, MK, Department of Metallurgical Engineering,Jadavpur University, Jadavpur,Kolkata, IndiaMuenzenberg, G, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyMukhopadhyay, S, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaMukherjee, Tapas, Bhairab Gangguly College,Kolkata, W Bengal, IndiaMuralithar, S, Nuclear Science Center, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, IndiaNadasen, A, University of Michigan, Dearborn,Michigan 48128, USANath, S, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaNowaci, F, IPHC-DRS, ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, BP28, F-67037 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, FranceOrlandi, R, Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, FrancePagowska, K, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University,ul.Hoża 69, 00-681, Warsaw, PolandPalit, R, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai 400005, Maharastra, IndiaParkar, VV, Nuclear Physics Division, BARC,Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaPattabiraman, NS, UGC-DAE Consortium forScientic Research, Kolkata, IndiaPinston, JA, 2Laboratoire de Physique Subatomiqueet de Cosmologie, IN2P3-Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique/UniversiteJoseph Fourier, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, FrancePopescu, L, KVI, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AAPrasad, Rajendra, Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaRamachandran, K, NPD, BARC, Mumbai, India

82 Biennial Report 2005-07Rao, PV Madhusudhana, UGC-DAE Departmentof Physics, University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USARogollet du Toit, C, KVI, University of Groningen,NL-9747 AARossi, D, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Universityof Mainz, GermanyRamachandran, K, Nuclear Physics Division,Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, IndiaRana, T, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaRathi, S, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, IndiaRay, S, Department of Physics, University ofKalyani, Kalyani, IndiaRoberts, DA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Michigan 48109, USARonningen, RM, National Superconducting CyclotronLaboratory, East Lansing, Michigan48824, USARoy, BJ, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, IndiaRay Basu, Moumita, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaRzaca-Urban, T, Faculty of Physics, WarsawUniversity, ul.Hoża 69, 00-681, Warsaw, PolandSaha, R, VECC, Kolkata, IndiaSahin, E, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro,Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalySantra, S, Nuclear Physics Division, BARC,Mumbai, IndiaSchuttauf, A, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyScherillo, A, Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156,F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceSchwartzenberg, J, Institute of Nuclear Physics,University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 17, A-1090, Vienna, AustriaShrivastava, A, Nuclear Physics Division,BARC, Mumbai, IndiaSimon, H, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanySimpson, GS, 2Laboratoire de Physique Subatomiqueet de Cosmologie, IN2P3-Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique/UniversiteJoseph Fourier, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceSingh, RP, Nuclear Science Center, Aruna AsafAli Marg, New Delhi, IndiaSingh, R, Department of Physics & Astrophysics,University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaSinha, AK, UGC-DAE Consortium for ScientificResearch, Kolkata, IndiaSinha, RK, Department of Physics, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaSmith, AG, Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UKSarkar, Sukhendusekhar, Department of Physics,Bengal Engineering and Science University,Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, IndiaShukla, P, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaSrivastava, A, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaSteiner, M, National Superconducting CyclotronLaboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USASubotic, K, Institute of Nuclear Sciences,VINCA, Belgrade 11001, YugoslaviaSuemmerer, K, Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI), Darmstadt, GermanySugathan, P, IUAC, New Delhi, IndiaSen, Pintu, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaSen, R, Government College of Engineering andCeramic Technology, Kolkata, IndiaShrivastava, A, NPD, BARC, Mumbai, IndiaSingh, F, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaTalapatra, A, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaTarafdar, S, Department of Physics, JadavpurUniversity, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaThomas, RG, ANU, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaTripathi, V, Nuclear Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharastra,IndiaTsekhanovich, I, Institut Laue-Langevin, BP156, F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceUrban, Waldemar, Faculty of Physics, WarsawUniversity, ul.Hoża 69, 00-681, Warsaw, PolandVarley, BJ, Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UKVarughese, T, IUAC, New Delhi, India

Nuclear Sciences 83Veenhof, Rob, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandVedova, F Della, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali diLegnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyVencelj, M, KVI, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AAVerma, S, Department of Physics & Astrophysics,University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaWortche, H, KVI, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AAWarner, RE, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio44074, USAYang, KS, Chonnam National University, Bukgu,Gwangju, KoreaZ̷lomaniec, A, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University,ul.Hoża 69, 00-681, Warsaw, Poland

84 Biennial Report 2005-07

3 High Energy Physics and MicroelectronicsThe High Energy Physics Division of Saha Institute has been involved in experimentaland theoretical aspects of Ultra-relativistic heavy ion research. On the experimentalfront of High Energy Physics, this division is the part of ALICE collaboration at LargeHadron Collider at CERN and is responsible for the fabrication, installation and validationof 2nd Tracking station of ALICE Muon Spectrometer. In addition, HEP divisionis also responsible for the first large scale mixed-signal ASIC production in India, where1,08,000 MANAS chips were produced. On the software front, this division is responsiblefor the on-line Hit Reconstruction algorithm needed for the Dimuon High LevelTrigger. These aspects constituted the Muon Arm Project of the Xth Plan.On the theoretical front, we have been working on two interrelated areas viz. the physicsof quark gluon plasma (QGP) and on the properties of hadrons in hot and dense nuclearmatter. In particular we have estimated the collisional energy loss by the jets in QGPand have calculated corresponding drag and diffusion coefficients to solve Fokker-Plankequation. Results are then applied to determine the transverse momentum spectrum ofpions to compare with the experimental data. In the hadronic sector, we have calculatedin-medium pion form factor involving matter induced ρ-ω mixing. Experimentally suchmodification can be seen in the dilepton spectrum measured in heavy ion collision.Nuclear structure studies are also persued in HEP Division at the Pelletron AcceleratorsCentres at Mumbai and Delhi using the INGA array.Continuing research and developmental work towards the project entitled MEDIP, Divisionalperformance in this time period has been targeted to the concluding part ofthe project. Along with this work involvement in the ALICE Project continued, somemembers actively participated in the area of MANAS production and testing and FPGAbased DHLT proposals.Microelectronics Division, since 2002 have been engaged in the R&D work under theproject entitled Novel Low Cost Imaging and Image Processing Techniques for MedicalDiagnosis (MEDIP).An in-depth survey of the modern trends in the development of medical imaging it wasdecided that initially ultrasound will be taken up as the workable modality. The reasonswere many-fold:i) It utilizes non-ionizing type of signalii) It is highly development-oriented, particularly it was found suitable for the level ofexpertise already existing in the Division.Infrastructural developmental work consisting of development of automated highresolution(25micron) 3-D measurements with requisite custom-made ultrasound trans-85

86 Biennial Report 2005-07ducers and PZT-based needle-hydrophones was done during first two years (2002-2004).Gradually the area of the work diverged and single transducers were promoted to arraytype of transducers. Theoretical work on digital filter design, optimization of theperformance of delay-sum type beam-former became necessary for design of hardwareinterface.At the same time work on the development of image-processing algorithms very specificto ultrasound medical images continued. Better and efficient techniques for Edge Detection,Image Enhancement, Interpolation and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) DigitalFilter Construction have been developed. These techniques were developed in the lightof human visual system (HVS). Several of these techniques have also been implementedon TI DM642 based hardware platform for real-time post-processing of Ultrasound videoframes.In this period substantial amount of progress has been made in the areas of MedicalImage Processing, ultrasound beam forming, hardware implementation of bio-inspiredimage processing algorithms. New concepts in FIR Digital Filter design and temperatureimaging has been possible to explore and members have contributed in respectivefields on an international basis. Two Ph.D. theses have been completed and good numberof papers published.3.1 High Energy Physics3.1.1 Muon Arm Project3.1.1.1 MANAS ChipThe final acceptance of MANAS as the front-end readout chip of Muon Trackers was obtained atALICE Management board meeting on 12th October, 2005. This was the first large-scale productionof mixed signal ASIC in India. All the wafers were produced at SCL under a very tight schedule.The TFT packaging of the wafers was done at UTAC, The whole production was completed withina year and the delivery was completed in January, 2007. All the production-batches of MANASwere tested on an automatic tester (done in 3 batches) at UTAC, Singapore under the supervisionof SINP faculties. In addition to these tests, the manual testing of more than 30,000 devices atSINP was carried out by project personals and test engineers from SCL. The production schedulehas been attached below.

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 87Fig.3.1.1.1The MANAS has 16 channels and 1,08,000 chips were delivered in 4 gain-bins with ∼2% gain-spreadin each bin and all the 1.7 million channels have a pedestal dispersion of only 160 mV. These wereensured by thorough testing at SINP and careful analysis of the test-data of UTAC.Md Danish Azmi†, Suvendu Nath Bose, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Dipankar Das, Indranil Das,Pradip Datta†, Md Irfan, Shampa Jana, Sanjoy Pal, Lipy Paul, Pradip Roy, Tinku Sinha HEP3.1.1.2 Production of 10 Muon ChambersThis was the first large scale in-house detector production at SINP. These detectors are the largestCathode Pad Chambers and the magnitude of the job can be estimated by fact that•Total of ∼7,75,000 solder points were necessary for the readout and associated electronics

88 Biennial Report 2005-07•4800 anode wires (20 µm) were soldered with precise tension of 65 gms.•There were 120 precision joints of the frame-parts (on a Master Tooling Plate)•Total of 640 edges of cathode PCBs were cut with a precision of ∼20 µm.•Total of 180 precision joints (performed under CCD camera) were done to assemble 20 segmentedcathode planes.•20 cathode sandwiches (inner radius 23 cm and outer radius 115cm) were assembled with a surfaceplanarity of around 50 µm.20 micron gold-plated tungsten wires soldered on Anode PCB with epoxy supportThese chambers were air-transported to CERN in October, 2006 after a detailed planning onpackaging of these delicate wire chambers which has 120 cm long 20 micron thick wires. All thechambers reached CERN without any broken wire.Md Danish Azmi†, Suvendu Nath Bose, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Dipankar Das, Indranil Das,Pradip Datta†, AK Dutt-Mazumder, Md Irfan, Shampa Jana, Iftikar Ahmed Khan†, Sanjoy Pal,Lipy Paul, Pradip Roy, Tinku SinhaHEP

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 893.1.1.3 Installation and commissioning tests of the Fast HitReconstruction algorithmon HLT Cluster of ALICESaha Institute is responsible to develop a fast hit reconstruction algorithm for the 4th and the 5thTracking stations. This algorithm was successfully developed and the performance were reported inthe Dimuon High Level Trigger meeting at Capetown in October, 2005. Since then, this algorithmhas been successfully integrated to the Alice Offline platform (AliRoot). The algorithm finds thehits with an accuracy of about 100 microns for 150 pad clusters within 0.3 ms on the HLT computercluster. Presently, various commissioning tests are being performed.Indranil Das, Saugata Chatterjee, Sanjoy Pal, Sukalyan ChattopadhyayHEP3.1.1.4 HV and readout validation tests at CERNA fully equipped lab was setup at CERN in November, 2006 where all the validation tests of thedetectors were carried out after the air-transportation. The various services were mounted on thechambers in accordance to installation constraints.Md Danish Azmi†, Suvendu Nath Bose, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Dipankar Das, Indranil Das,Pradip Datta†, Md Irfan, Shampa Jana, Iftikar Ahmed Khan†, Sanjoy Pal, Lipy Paul, TinkuSinhaHEP3.1.1.5 Development of front end coprocessor on FPGA for High Level Trigger(DHLT)project of Dimuon Arm in ALICE experiment at CERNDHLT project was started to improve the selectivity of the central trigger and consequently todecrease the amount of data to be stored. In the DHLT architecture the data from the DimuonArm Detector gets transferred via Optical fibres into a ReadOut Receiver card(RORC) of the DAQsystem. These data streams are also replicated into the HLT-RORC. The HLT-RORC has anembedded Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) co-processor which does all data intensive taskfor local patten recognition. Also embedded in the architecture of the HLT-RORC is an externalmemory to be used as a storage of look-up tables and these can be used to perform a variety ofapplication. Work which has already been initiated earlier continued for design and implementationof an Application specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) on Field Programmable Gate Array Platform(FPGA). The initial target is an ALTERA FLEX10 FPGA. In order to evaluate the memory andthe logic required the following assumptions were made (a) The bending and non-bending planesare considered. (b) The average number of particle per event hitting each chamber was assumed tobe 150. The initial block of the design incorporates a FINITE STATE MACHINE (FSM)namelyEVENT EXTRACTOR which act like an event extractor. It extracts the event data removes theheader and stores it in an event buffer which is 32 bits wide and 1K deep FIFO memory. The designhas been completely modeled synthesised , simulated and completely error free. In the subsequentblocks FSM name LUT CONTROLLER compares the pad address form the event buffer with theaddress map in the LUT to compute the central pad hit in a cluster and the cluster size. Thedesign has been completely modeled, synthesised and simulated for error free functionality.Abhijit Sanyal, Corrado Ciccalo†, Gianluca Usai†, Davide Marras†MED

90 Biennial Report 2005-073.1.1.6 Major milestones which have been achieved during 2005 & 2006 in MAPMILESTONE COMPLETION TIMECompletion of MANAS Production October, 2006Completion of MANAS Delivery January, 2007Detector production at SINP June, 2006Detector Shipment to CERN October, 2006HitReconstruction Algorithm October, 2005Implementation on the HLT Cluster December, 20063.1.2 Quark-Gluon Plasma Phenomenology3.1.2.1 Kion to pion ratio in heavy ion collisionsThe momentum integrated Boltzmann equation has been used to study the evolution of strangenessof the strongly interacting system formed after the heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies. Weargue that the experimentally observed non-monotonic, horn-like structure in the variation of theK + /π + with colliding energy appears due to the release of large number of colour degrees offreedom.JK Nayak†, J Alam†, P Roy, AK Dutt-Mazumder, B Mohanty†HEP3.1.2.2 Energy loss and dynamical evolution of quark p T spectraAverage energy loss of light quarks has been calculated in a two stage equilibrium scenario wherethe quarks are executing Brownian motion in a gluonic heat bath. The evolution of the quark p Tspectra is studied by solving Fokker-Planck equation in an expanding plasma.P Roy, J Alam†, AK Dutt-Mazumder†HEP3.1.2.3 Phi production at RHIC: characterization of co-existence phaseWe extract the effective degrees of freedom that characterize the co-existing phase of quark gluonplasma and hadrons. Experimental data on phi at mid-rapidity is used to set a lower boundto the critical temperature of quark hadron phase transition. The production and evolution ofstrangeness have been studied by using Boltzmann equation. The results have been contrastedwith the experimental data obtained by STAR collaboration at RHIC for Au + Au collisions at√sNN = 200 GeV. Our study reveals that the phi mesons freeze out at a temperature 160 MeV,a value close to the transition temperature for quark-hadron phase transition. Results are finallycompared with experimentally measured pion p T spectrum at RHIC.JK Nayak†, J Alam†, P Roy, AK Dutt-Mazumder, B Mohanty†HEP

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 913.1.2.4 Thermal radiation from Au + Au collisions at √ s = 200GeV/A energyThe transverse momentum distribution of the direct photons measured by the PHENIX collaborationin Au + Au collisions at √ s = 200 GeV/A has been analyzed. It has been shown that thedata can be reproduced reasonably well assuming a deconfined state of thermalized quarks andgluons formed at an initial time τ i =0.2 fm/c with initial temperature T i =400 MeV. The effectsof the modifications of hadronic properties have been taken into account in evaluating the photonspectra. We argue that the initial temperature of the system formed after the collision is more thanthe transition temperature for deconfinement obtained from lattice QCD simulations.JK Nayak†, J Alam†, P Roy, AK Dutt-Mazumder, B SinhaHEP3.1.2.5 Collisional energy loss and suppression of high p T hadronsWe calculate nuclear suppression factor (R AA ) for light hadrons by taking only the elastic processesand argue that in the measured p T domain of RHIC, collisional rather than the radiative processesis the dominant mechanism for partonic energy loss.J Alam†, P Roy, AK Dutt-MazumderHEP3.1.2.6 Can collisional energy loss explain nuclear suppression factor for lighthadrons?We argue that in the measured p T domain of RHIC, collisional rather than the radiative energyloss is the dominant mechanism for jet quenching. Accordingly we calculate nuclear suppressionfactor for light hadrons by taking only the elastic energy loss in sharp contrast with the previouscalculations where only the radiative loss are considered.J Alam†, P Roy, AK Dutt-MazumderHEP3.1.2.7 Matter induced charge symmetry breaking and pion form factor in nuclearmediumMedium modification of pion form factor has been evaluated in asymmetric nuclear matter. Itis shown that both the shape and the pole position of the pion form factor in dense asymmetricnuclear matter is different from its vacuum counterpart with ρ-ω mixing. This is due to the densityand asymmetry dependent ρ-ω mixing which could even dominate over its vacuum counterpartin matter. Effect of the in-medium pion factor on experimental observables e.g., invariant massdistribution of lepton pairs has been demonstrated.P Roy, J Alam†, AK Dutt-Mazumder, S Sarkar†HEP

92 Biennial Report 2005-073.1.2.8 Photons from Jet - plasma interaction in a collisional energy loss scenarioWe investigate photon production rate from jet-plasma interactions taking into account the energyloss of the jet. When a jet passes through quark gluon plasma it interacts with the mediumconstituents (quarks and gluons) and produces photons via Compton and annihilation processes.We show that this contribution dominates over the thermal photons beyond p T > 6 GeV.L Bhattacharya, P RoyHEP3.1.3 Spectroscopy in Mass-100 region3.1.3.1 Observation of Antimagnetic Rotation in 108 CdDuring two beamtimes with INGA, we have studied the high spin behaviour of 103,104,106,108,109 Agand 108 Cd nuclei. In 2005, we could establish that the states 108 Cd beyond I π = 14 + originates dueto Anti-magnetic rotation. This is only the second nucleus where anti-magnetic rotation has beenobserved. The phenomena was established by comparing the experimental B(E2) values with thevalues obtained from a semi-classical model based on Tilted Cranking.P Datta, S Chattopadhyay, S Bhattacharya, TK Ghosh, A Goswami, S Pal, M Saha Sarkar, HCJain, PK Joshi RK Bhowmik, R Kumar, N Madhavan, S Muralithar, PV Madhusudhana Rao, RPSinghHEP3.1.3.2 Observation of Magnatic Rotation in 108 AgThe high spin levels of the ground state band of 108 Ag was found to originate due to magneticrotation. This was inferred by measuring the lifetime of excited nuclear levels. These sub-picosecondlifetimes were measured through Doppler Shift Attenuation Method.S Roy, P Datta, S Chattopadhyay, S Bhattacharya, TK Ghosh, A Goswami, S Pal, M Saha Sarkar,HC Jain, PK Joshi RK Bhowmik, R Kumar, N Madhavan, S Muralithar, PV Madhusudhana Rao,RP SinghHEP3.2 Medical Imaging3.2.1.1 Retinomorphic Sensor Network for Image PreprocessingWork towards the implementation of our proposed retinal computational model in an Analog Networkhas been culminated in a Resistive network suitable for image processing tasks. This networkfunctionally mimics the very first stage of retinal computation and computes on the principle ofMinimum Heat Theorem proposed by Maxwell. These networks are very suitable for designingAnalog Neural Network in CMOS technology for the tasks of image processing. Outputs of sucha network are equivalent to convolution with an exponential filter. Combining four such networkswith different space constants we could mimic the functionality of retinal ganglion cells. Discretisingthis resultant continuous function which is a combination of four exponentials a filter is formed.Filter characteristics are varied by changing the weight and the space constants of the networks.

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 93These filters are used for digital processing of images for the tasks of Edge Detection and Enhancement.Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales BhaumikMED3.2.1.2 Low-level brightness contrast illusions and non-classical receptive field ofmammalian retinaOur proposed model of retinal ganglion cells functionality is built around Gaussians and takes intoaccount the contributions of extended surround of the visual receptive field. Success of this modelto reproduce several low-level processing tasks gave us impetus to find a possible applicability ofthis model for reproducing several illusive effects we perceive everyday. Studies revealed that thismodel not only reproduces the illusions believed to be the contribution of low-level processing butalso could reproduce several illusions believed to be the contribution of higher level of perception.Our model, for the first time, suggests that these illusions might be the result of lower-level ofcomputation in the retinal ganglion cells which is contrary to the popular belief. We, therefore,feel that our proposed model could be useful for the study of Artificial Vision Systems.Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales BhaumikMED3.2.1.3 Development of a Prototype Delta-Sigma ADCWe have developed a Delta-Sigma ADC setup for doing studies in signal processing. The postprocessing filtration of the ADC output is performed with a Digital FIR Filter. This filter isimplemented on Xilinx FPGA and programmed through Labview.Sandip Sarkar, Subhajit Karmakar, Swapan SenMED3.2.1.4 Stochastic Resonance, Zero Crossing Maps and the Center SurroundNoise is a part and parcel of neural systems of every living being. Studies on the usefulness of noiseby several authors reveal that many living creatures including human use the noise in a constructiveway. One such phenomenon is the enhancement of information content in the presence of noisethrough the process of Stochastic Resonance. There are also evidences of enhancement of visualinformation by humans through Stochastic Resonance. Taking impetus from the success of ourproposed model to explain various low-level tasks and illusions we ventured to find the usefulnessof this model for performing enhancement of visual information through Stochastic Resonance.Studies through simulation reveal that our model is capable of enhancing visual information throughstochastic resonance in the presence of additive zero-mean Gaussian noise. It has also been foundthat the enhancement of visual information is the best for an optimal image contrast in the presenceof optimal noise strength. This behaviour is similar to the result obtained in a psychophysicalexperiment with humans.Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales BhaumikMED

94 Biennial Report 2005-073.2.1.5 Implementation of Bio-inspired algorithms on TI DM642 processor for realtimeapplicationDeveloped bio-inspired algorithms related to Edge Detection, Enhancement and Interpolation havebeen implemented on a TI DM642 based hardware platform for real-time filtering and programmedfor post-processing of Ultrasound video frames from any standard Ultrasound machine, providingprocessed output suitable for normal display. This system has one video input channel, one videooutput channel, one video decoder, one video encoder and TI DM642@720 MHz DSP processor forreal-time processing. This system is capable of acquiring composite video in PAL/NTSC formatand can output video in VGA/SVGA/XGA @60fps. Though this system is used for post-processingof diagnostic ultrasound video it can be used for real-time processing of any PAL/NTSC video.Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Subhajit KarmakarMED3.2.1.6 An alternative Gaussian window approach for FIR filter designWe have further extended our concept of modeling with combination Gaussians to FIR Digital FilterConstruction. With this technique we can construct FIR Digital Filters with a maximum stopbandattenuation of 300dB with negligible pass-band ripple on a 32-bit computational platform.Its computational requirement is much less than many popular techniques. The filter constructionprocedure is therefore very fast (probably the fastest). The lesser computational requirement makesit very suitable for also adaptive filtering applications. A GUI based Digital Filter Design Toolkithas been completed for making the techniques readily useful.Sandip Sarkar, Subhajit Karmakar, Kuntal Ghosh, Swapan SenMED3.2.1.7 Design of a low-pass filter by multi-scale even order Gaussian derivativesA new low-pass FIR filter design technique for achieving variable stopband attenuation withoutaltering the passband and stopband edges, is proposed. The filter function is a linear combinationof multi-scale Gaussian derivatives. In the frequency domain, the spectral modes correspondingto the continuous Gaussian derivatives have monotonic tails. In discrete domain, this amounts tovariable stopband attenuation which depends upon the truncation length of the continuous kernel,the scale and the order of Gaussian derivatives. The proposed algorithm consists of derivation ofsome useful mathematical relations between the basic design parameters and the parameters of theGaussian derivatives and an optimization technique that finally produces an equiripple passbandlowpass FIR filter with a higher falloff rate at the beginning of the transition band. Such a filterwith variable stopband attenuation may be effective at the time of reconstruction of the desiredpassband signal in a σδ modulator outpuSubhajit Karmakar, Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Swapan SenMED

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 953.2.1.8 A possible explanation of the low-level brightnesscontrast illusions in the lightof an extended classical receptive field model of retinal ganglion cellsThe low-level brightnesscontrast illusions constitute a special class within visual illusions. Speculationsexist that these illusions may be processed through the filtering action of the retinal ganglioncells without necessitating much intervention from higher order processes of visual perception.Concept of the classical receptive field of the ganglion cell, derived from early physiological studies,prompted the idea that a Difference of Gaussian (DoG) model might explain the low-level illusions.In spite of its many successes, the DoG model fails to explain some of these illusions. It has beenshown in this paper that it is possible to simulate those illusions with a model that takes intocognizance the role of the extended classical receptive field.Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Swapan SenMED3.2.1.9 Understanding image structure from a new multi-scale representation ofhigher order derivative filtersWe are proposing a biologically inspired multi-scale derivative filter in which the higher orderderivatives are expressed as a linear combination of a smoothing function at various scales. One ofthe functions in the summation has been approximated to a Dirac-delta function to finally yield thenew filter. This modification has some support from the point of view of authentic edge detectionas well as from neurophysiological and psychophysical experiments at the retinal level. Besides, itimproves the quality of the filter in a number of ways. The proposed filter can be optimized at anydesired scale. Hence it is very effective in extracting the features from a noisy picture. The filter isrotationally symmetric. Zero-crossing map of any picture filtered with the proposed model gives ahalf-toning effect to the retrieved image and hence preserves the intensity information in the imageeven in the edge map.Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Swapan SenMED3.2.1.10 Implementation of edge detection algorithms on FPGAEdge in an image is loosely defined as pixel intensity discontinuities. The cross section of an edgehas a shape of a ramp. An ideal edge is a discontinuity (i.e., a ramp with an infinite slope). Thefirst derivative assumes a local maximum at an edge. Taking an edge to be a change in intensitytaking place over a number of pixels edge detection algorithms generally compute a derivative ofthis intensity. Some other edge-detection operators are based upon 2nd derivative of the intensity.One of the classical edge detector is Canny operator. We have improved the Canny edge detectorby applying an exponential filter while processing the image to detect the edges of objects in animage. The Canny edge detector while applied with conjunction with the Gaussian smoothing filteris inefficient to detect edges in certain types of images. Our implementation of exponential filterapplied detects edges far more efficiently. In our algorithm it is shown that in exponential filtermuch more importance is laid only on the central pixel as compared with the neighboring pixelsunlike Gaussian filter, which helps detect more edges. The work of hardware implementation is in

96 Biennial Report 2005-07progress.Abhijit SanyalMED3.2.1.11 Feasibility of Temperature imagingThe property of ultrasound attenuation of agar hydrogel that changes with temperature linearlyfrom around 20 ◦ C to 42 ◦ C is explained on the basis of visco-elastic fluid model. It is also shown thatthe excess water content does not play any significant role in contributing ultrasound attenuationof the gel. From DSC measurement we have shown that phase transition takes place at around20 ◦ C and 42 ◦ C which is in good agreement with those as observed in ultrasound attenuation of thegel too. It is also conjectured that this linearity region could be used to estimate temperature ofhydrogel like polymers in noninvasive manner.To estimate the spatial temperature profile within liquid phantoms under insonification an instrumenthas been designed and fabricated in our workshop.Madhusudan Roy, Supratic ChakrabortyMED3.2.1.12 Development of ultrasonic probeSimulation of electrical properties of silicon oxide membrane: Silicon-based non-contact air-coupledultrasonic transducers using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology for ultrasoundscan and non-destructive evaluation from the perspective of medical imaging has been emerging asa viable alternative to existing 1-D piezoelectric transducer array due to its difficulties for real-timeimaging of dynamic structure such as heart. We have procured PZFEX software and installed it.We have started working with it. Keeping in view of the next five year plan period project we havecompleted preliminary works in connection with clean room, customizations of instruments etc.Supratic Chakraborty, Madhusudan RoyMED3.2.1.13 Texture analysis of ultrasound images of human liverTexture analysis based on spatial gray-level dependence (SGLD) matrix computation is carriedout over the input ultrasound images of livers to extract features, namely, maximum probability,uniformity, entropy, element difference moment of order 2, inverse element difference moment oforder 2, homogeneity and correlation. In this work seventy-six ultrasound scan images of humannormal livers and twenty-four ultrasound images of fatty livers as identified by a radiologist onthe basis of echogenecity, have been collected from hospital. From each ultrasound image of theliver five sub-images, termed as region of interest (ROI), have been suitably cropped and takenas an input image for analysis. An unsupervised neural network learning technique, namely, SelfOrganising Map (SOM) has been employed to generate profile plots. Using Student’s t like statisticfor each feature as a measure of distinction between normal and fatty livers, two most appropriatefeatures, namely, maximum probability (Maxp) and uniformity (Uni) are selected from this profileplots. These two features are found to form clusters with little overlap for normal and fatty livers.

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 97The echogenecity of the ultrasound images of normal and fatty livers are, therefore, correlated withtheir textural features. It may be concluded that the textural difference in normal and pathologicalconditions presents a basis for machine vision that can possibly be exploited in automated medicaldiagnosis.Madhusudan Roy, Arunabha Adhikari†, Kuntal Ghosh†, Suparna Mazumdar†MED3.3 Publications3.3.1 Papers in Journals2005P Datta†, S Chattopadhyay, S Bhattacharya, TK Ghosh, A Goswami, S Pal, M Saha Sarkar,HC Jain†, PK Joshi† RK Bhowmik†, R Kumar†, N Madhavan†, S Muralithar†, PV MadhusudhanaRao†, RP Singh†, Observation of Antimagnetic Rotation in 108 Cd, Phys Rev C71 (2005)041305 (R)Madhusudan Roy, Supratic Chakraborty, Comment on ‘Gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation’ [Polym 2002;43:5299], Polymer46 (2005) 3535Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A Possible Mechanism of Zero-crossing detectionusing the concept of extended, Biological Cybernetics 93 (2005) 7262006ALICE Collaboration, ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Vol 2, J of Phys G32 (2006) 1295Subhrajyoti Biswas, Abhee K Dutt-Mazumder, Isospin mode splitting and mixing in asymmetricnuclear matter, Phys Rev C74 (2006) 065205P Roy, AK Dutt-Mazumder, J Alam†, Energy loss and dynamical evolution of quark p T spectra,Phys Rev C73 (2006) 044911P Roy, Photons from Hot and Dense Hadronic Matter, J Phys G50 (2006) 150Supratic Chakraborty, Madhusudan Roy, Noninvasive temperature imaging through ultrasonic attenuation,J Pure Appl Ultason 28 (2006) 129AK Chakravorty, S Mukherjee, K Ghosh†, RK Saha, M Roy, Suparna Mazumdar†, Image Classificationbased on textural analysis of ultrasound images of normal human liver, J Pure Appl Ultason28 (2006) 105Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, 232 Proposing new methods in low-level visionfrom the Mach band illusion in, Pattern Recognition 39 (2006) 726

98 Biennial Report 2005-07Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A possible explanation of the low-level brightnesscontrastillusions in the light, Biological Cybernetics 94 (2006) 89Subhajit Karmakar, Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Swapan Sen, Design of lowpass filter by multiscaleeven order Gaussian derivatives, Signal Processing 86 (2006) 39232007J Alam†, AK Dutt-Mazumder, P Roy, Collisional energy loss and the suppression of high p(T)hadrons, Nucl Phys A785 (2007) 245J Alam†, Jajati K Nayak†, P Roy, Abhee K Dutt-Mazumder, B Sinha, Thermal radiation fromAu + Au collisions at √ s = 200 GeV/A energy, J Phys G34 (2007) 871Madhusudan Roy, Supratic Chakraborty, Note on the ‘Reply to the paper “Comment on Gelationmechanism of garose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation”[Polym2002; 43:5299]’, Polymer 48 (2007) 5484Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, Understanding image structure from a new multiscalerepresentation of higher, Image and Vision Computing 25 (2007) 12283.4 Participation in Conference/Symposia/Workshop/Schools &cWorkshop on dimuon physics in ion-ion collisions at LHC, Peterhof, Russia, June 1-7,2005•Pradip Roy, Charmonium production at relativistic heavy ion collisionsInternational Workshop on Dimuon Physics in Ion-Ion Collisions at LHC, Peterhof,Russia (June 2, 2005)•S Chattopadhyay, MANAS - the readout chip for the Dimuon Spectrometer of ALICE (Invited)World Congress on Ultrasonics - Ultrasonics International, Beijing, China, August29-September 1, 2005•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A Unique Algorithm for both Interpolation andContrast Enhancement27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineeringn in Medicine andBiology Society, IEEE, Shanghai, China, September 1-4, 2005•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A new Silicon Retina Model and its advantages[Proc 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineeringn in Medicine and BiologySociety, p3632]•Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales Bhaumik, A Weighted sum of Multi-scale Gaussians generatesnew near ideal Interpolation [ibid p6387]

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 99Indo-US Workshop on Nuclear Physics at Chandigarh (October 18-21, 2005)•S Chattopadhyay, Nuclear Structure Studies in mass-100 region (Invited)Workshop on ”Nuclear Structure Studies at high Spin” at IUC-DAE, Kolkata, November28-29, 2005•S Chattopadhyay, How general is Tilted Axis Cranking: An experimental Investigation (Invited)50th DAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics, BARC, Mumbai, December 12-16, 2005•S Roy† P Datta†, S Chattopadhyay, S Bhattacharya, TK Ghosh, S Pal, HC Jain†, PK Joshi†,RK Bhowmik, R Kumar†, N Madhavan†, S Muralithar†, PV Madhusudhana Rao† and RP Singh†,Prediction of magnetic bands in 108Ag through lifetime measurement (Poster) [Proc 50th DAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics, p249]•S Chatterjee, I Das, S Pal and S Chattopadhyay, Hit reconstruction algorithm for High LevelTrigger of Dimuon Spectrometer of ALICE (Poster) [ibid p402]•M Danish Azmi†, S Bose, S Chattopadhyay, D Das, I Das, P Datta, AK Dutt-Mazumder, MdIrfan†, S Jana, IA Khan, S Pal, L Paul, P Roy, T Sinha and BC Sinha, Production of CathodePad Chambers for 2nd Muon Tracking Station of ALICE (Poster) [ibid p437]•M Danish Azmi†, S Chattopadhyay, I Das, S Pal, P Roy, S Sarkar, S Sen, T Sinha and BC Sinha,Study of Characteristics of Production Batch MANAS chips [ibid p449]•JK Nayak, J Alam, P Roy, AK Dutt-Mazumder, B Sinha, Thermal Radiation from Au+Au Collisionsat √ s = 200 A GeV Energy [ibid p407]3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing, Bangalore,December 14-17, 2005•Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales Bhaumik, A Retinomorphic Sensor Network for ImagePreprocessing [ibid p134]Second Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IICAI, Pune, Maharashtra,December 20-22, 2005•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A New Mechanism of ”Fuzzy” Edge Detectionby Multi-scale Gaussian Filters in the light of human visual system [Proc Second Indian InternationalConference on Artificial Intelligence, Ed(s) Bhanu Prasad, p3234]•Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales Bhaumik Edge-detection and Image Enhancement by anew model for neural engineering [ibid p3375]1st International Conference, PReMI 2005, Kolkata, India, December 20-22, 2005•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, Image enhancement by high-order Gaussianderivative filters simulating non-Pattern Recognition and Machine IntelligenceInternational workshop on Physics of Quark Gluon Plasma, VECC, Kolkata, India,February 6, 2006•S Chattopadhyay, Dimuon Studies at ALICE (Invited)Fourteenth National Symposium on Ultrasonics (Ultrasonic Society of India and NationalPhysics Laboratory), National Physics Laboratory, New Delhi, India, February16-18, 2006•Supratic Chakraborty, Madhusudan Roy, Noninvasive characterization of media of interest embed-

100 Biennial Report 2005-07ded in an agar hydro-gel [Proc 14th National Sysmposium on Ultrasonics, NSU-XIV (UltrasonicSociety of India, New Delhi, 2006) p47]Advanced School on High Energy Physics, Aligarh, March 14-16, 2006•S Chattopadhyay, 4 lectures on Heavy Quark Resonance studies in ALICE (Invited)Lecture series on “Current Trends in Nuclear Physics” at TIFR, Mumbai, March28, 2006•S Chattopadhyay, Collective and discrete modes of excitations in generation of high spin states inatomic nuclei (Invited)International Conference on Engineering of Intelligent Systems, Islamabad, Pakistan,April 22-23, 2006•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A New Multi-scale Gaussian Interpolator thatModels the Blind Spot in Human Eye [Proc International Conference on Engineering of IntelligentSystems, p204]•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, Digital image procesing in the light of somenewer aspects of low-level visual processing [ibid p210]ALICE Collaboaration meeting at Badesi, Italy, May 20-25, 2006•Sanjoy Pal, Detector Production Status of 2nd Tracking Station•Indranil Das, dHLT ClusteringDimuon High Level Trigger Review Committee meeting at University of Capetown,South Africa, October 18-20, 2006•Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Hitreconstruction algorithm for Dimuon High Level TriggerDimuon Tracking Meeting, CERN, Italy, December 18-19, 2006•Tinku Sinha, Status of 2nd Tracking stationOne day Workshop on Face Recognition Algorithms, West Bengal University of Technology,Kolkata, India, December 11, 2006•Sandip Sarkar51st DAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics, University of Baroda, Baroda, India,December 11-15, 2006•S Chattopadhyay, Dimuon Spectrometer of ALICE (Invited)•Santosh Roy†, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay and Pradip Dutta, Interplay of Core Rotation and TiltedAxis Rotation in mass 100 region (Poster) [ibid p232]Twentieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (International Instituteof Information Technology & Infosys), Hyderabad Centre, Hyderabad, India,January 6-12, 2007•Kuntal Ghosh, Sandip Sarkar, Kamales Bhaumik, A possible interplay of Bottom-up and Topdownapproach: Evidences from early vision [Proc Twentieth International Joint Conference onArtificial Intelligence, p165]Workshop on Emerging DSP Applications, West Bengal university of Technology,

High Energy Physics and Microelectronics 101Kolkata, India, January 15-16, 2007•Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales Bhaumik, A Bio-inspired Interpolation Kernel for MedicalImage Processing with implementation on reconfigurable DSP ProcessorWorkshop on Mixed Signal Processing and Systems for Embeded Applications, WestBengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India, January 21-22, 2006•Sandip SarkarInternational Workshop on Complex Dynamics of Physiological Systems: From heartto brain, Presidency College, Kolkata, India, February 12-14, 2007•Sandip Sarkar, Kuntal Ghosh, Kamales Bhaumik Stochastic Resonance in the Perceptual Interpretationof Zero Crossing Maps: A Low level centre surround model (Invited)3.5 Teaching elsewhereAbhee K Dutt-MazumderThermal field theory, SERC Main School 2006 (High Energy), Physical Research Laboratory,Ahmedabad, INDIAQuantum Mechanics (PBSc-Int-PhD program) SN BOSE National Centre for Basic Sciences, IN-DIA3.6 Seminars given elsewherePradip Roy•Jets in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (Invited), VECC, KolkataSandip Sarkar•Sharing the Experience in design and Implementation of a Mixed Signal Processor, West BengalUniversity Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India, January 21, 2006•CMOS ASIC Design, VECC, Kolkata, India, May 11, 2006Madhusudan Roy•Raman Effect as a Tool for Investigating the Properties of Bio-materials on the occasion of NationalScience Day celebrationi, Midnapore College in association with Science Centre on March26, 2007•Brief introduction to Physics of Semiconductor Materials, CK Mazumdar Summer Workshop inExperimental Physics Part A, organized by IAPT, July 1, 2006•CK Mazumdar Summer Workshop in Experimental Physics Part A, Organized by IAPT, July 1,2006•Raman Effect as a Tool for Investigating the Properties of Bio-materials, Department of Physics,Medinipur College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India, October 23, 2006Abhijit Sanyal•Optimized State-Machine design in FPGA, April 24, 2005, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleara

102 Biennial Report 2005-07(INFN), Cagliari, Italy•Hardware Architecture of Cluster-Finder for Dimuon HLT, May 10, 2005, Istituto Nazionale FisicaNucleara (INFN), Cagliari, Italy3.7 MiscellanyAbhijit SanyalNominated for INFN Fellowship for a visit to INFN, Cagliari, Italy from April 1-May 31, 20053.8 External CollaboratorsAdhikari, Arunabha, West Bengal University ofTechnology, Kolkata, IndiaAlam, Jane, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaAzmi, Danish, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,IndiaBhowmick, RK, Inter University AcceleratorCentre, New Delhi, IndiaCiccalo, Corrado, INFN, Cagliari, ItalyDatta, Pradip, Ananda Mohan College, Kolkata,IndiaGhosh, Kuntal, Indian Institute of Statistics,Kolkata, IndiaJain, HC, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaJoshi, PK, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaKhan, Iftikar Ahmed, Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh, IndiaKumar, P, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, IndiaLai, PT, Department of Electrical and ElectronicsEngg, the University of Hong Kong, HongKongMadhaban, N, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, IndiaMarras, Davide, INFN, Cagliari, ItalyMazumdar, Suparna, Chittaranjan NationalCancer Institute, Kolkata, IndiaMohanty, B, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaMurralithar, S, Inter University AcceleratorCentre, New Delhi, IndiaNayak, JK, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaRao, PV Madhusudhan, Inter University AcceleratorCentre, New Delhi, IndiaRoy, Santosh, SN Bose Centre for Basic Sciences,Kolkata, IndiaSarkar, S, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,Kolkata, IndiaSingh, RP, Inter University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi, IndiaUsai, Gianluca, INFN, Cagliari, Italy

4 Condensed Matter PhysicsExperiments in Condensed Matter Physics involved mainly the physical property studieson samples of intermetallic compounds and various oxide systems in bulk and smalldimension forms using both microscopic tools such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Mossbauer spectroscopy and macroscopicstudies of transport properties and magnetic susceptibilities using SQUID magnetometer.Structural, transport, electronic and magnetic properties of rare-earth transitionmetal borides and borocarbides belonging to perovskite structure have been studied.Magnetic properties near the ground state of rare-earth based ternary intermetalliccompounds have been probed by NMR studies. NMR studies have also elucidated magneticinteractions and spin-gap in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum spin system. Sparkplasma sintered Sm-Co/Fe bulk nanocomposite magnet has been characterized. Domainwall contribution to the magetocaloric effect (MCE) and magnetoresistance (MR) havebeen compared in GdPt 2 . Inverse magnetoresistance (MR) has been observed in magnetictunnel junctions with pinhole nanocontacts. Structural, transport and magneticproperties as well as magnetic relaxation have been studied in various spinel oxides,and perovskites such as, manganates, cobaltates and cuprates. Experiments have alsobeen performed on nanoparticles and film depositions of these materials showing temperaturedependent variation of electrical properties, and magnetic phenomena suchas, superparamagnetism and magnetic glass. Single crystals of multiferroic magnateshave been prepared and their physical properties studied. Studies of rotational andvibrational states in organic molecules and transient species have now been extendedto millimeter-wave range. Numerical study of waveform distortion caused by variousfactors in a finite sized propagating medium has been performed using propagating wavemodel. Method of Monte-Carlo simulation has been used to study dynamics and phasetransformation in two-dimensional atomic or ionic systemsThe Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics studies concentrated mainly on Bose Condensation,quantum annealing, nanoscopic systems and graphene junctions. The statmechstudies cemtred around models of econophysics and catastropic failures. Someresults on tunneling conductance in graphene normal metal insulator-superconductorjunctionss, quantum annealing in spin glasses and an exact result for econophysics ofwealth distribution in the kinetic exchange-like models have already been appreciatedin the literature.103

104 Biennial Report 2005-074.1 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics4.1.1 Experimental Studies of Electrical, Magnetic, Thermal and StructuralProperties4.1.1.1 Waveform distortion: Causes and consequencesThe nature of waveform deformation caused by factors like dispersion in the propagating media,bandwidth of the transmission and detecting systems have been investigated numerically using apropagating wave model. It has been observed that the distortion is caused by (i) the suppression ofthe frequency components lying outside the bandwidth of the transmission and detecting systems,(ii) the suppression of the frequency components (inside the bandwidth) that do not match the resonancefrequencies of the propagating medium due to its finite size, and (iii) the dispersion presentin the medium. The study reveals that even though the waveform gets distorted, it is possible todetermine the propagation parameters and dispersion relation from the Fourier components of thedistorted waves detected at different positions in the medium, by the method of computationalanalysis. This explores the possibility of developing Fourier transform spectroscopic technique forultrasonic characterization of materials. Further work is in progress to build up the experimentalfacility. Anarsi Ram, Sankari Chakrabarti and Anis Karmahapatro are providing technical assistancefor this work.Barnana Pal, Santwana RaychaudhuriECMP, PP4.1.1.2 Relaxation dynamics in small clusters: A modified Monte Carlo approachRelaxation dynamics in two-dimensional atomic clusters consisting of mono-atomic particles interactingthrough Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential has been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation.A modification of the conventional Metropolis algorithm is proposed to introduce realistic thermalmotion of the particles moving in the interacting L-J potential field. The proposed algorithm leadsto a quick equilibration from the nonequilibrium cluster configuration in a certain temperatureregime, where the relaxation time (τ), measured in terms of Monte Carlo Steps (MCS) per particle,vary inversely with the square root of system temperature (T) and pressure (P); τ ∼(P √ T) −1 .From this a realistic correlation between MCS and time has been predicted.Barnana PalECMP4.1.1.3 Structural transition in strongly correlated two-dimensional liquidA realistic model to study the properties of an aqueous electrolyte surface consisting of interactingparticles, ions and dipoles, has been developed. The complex liquid surface consisting of a largenumber of interacting particles, the ions and the dipoles, is modeled using Monte Carlo techniqueconsidering grand canonical sampling. The possible interactions existing in the system are chargecharge,charge-dipole, charge-quadrupole and dipole-dipole. The concentration dependence of thediffusion co-efficient suggests a first order phase transition (structural transition), while its temperaturedependence indicates the existence of a second order phase transition. A critical analysisof the effect of decreasing temperature of the system with added cations to limit the motion of the

Condensed Matter Physics 105particles in the surface reveals an interesting feature, a signature of glass transition.Haimanti Chakrabarti†, Barnana PalECMP4.1.1.4 Growth of large size single crystals from solutionThe study of acoustic properties near the order-disorder phase transition in KSCN requires largesize good quality single crystals. Such crystals can be grown from solution using acetone as thesolvent. The solubility of KSCN in acetone decreases very slowly with temperature. This enablesone to grow high quality crystals by evaporating the solvent. The growth process should be carriedout in a closed vessel since the solution is extremely hygroscopic. A special type of growth vesselhas been designed and crystals of size 2.30X2.36X17.7 mm 3 has been grown in ambient conditions.Work is in progress to grow larger crystals. Anarsi Ram, Sankari Chakrabarti and Papia Mondalprovide technical assistance for this work.Barnana PalECMP4.1.1.5 Electronic properties of heavy fermion systemsCeNi 2 Al 5 is a dense-Kondo compound with comparable T N =2.6K and Kondo temperature (T K =4K), however, isomorphous PrNi 2 Al 5 does not show any magnetic ordering down to 2 K. We haveextended 27 Al NMR in the grain aligned PrNi 2 Al 5 system. The frequency swept of 27 Al spectrashow resolved central and satellite transitions corresponding to two Al sites consistent with thecrystal structure. Different Knight shift (K) for the two Al sites indicates that the time-averagedpart of the fluctuating magnetic field produced by the Pr-4f electron at the Al nuclear sites resultingin the shift of the resonance line, are different for both the site. Paramagnetic Curie temperature,θ p determined from K vs. T curve, lies in between 25-40 K. Knight shift deviates from the Curie lawand remains constant, below 40 K, revealing a non-magnetic singlet ground state. The spin-latticerelaxation rate (1/T 1 ) follows a linear relation with T in the range 310 - 4K. The relevant 1/T 1fgoverned by s-f exchange interaction also follows a linear relation with T, indicating a comparablefluctuation frequency of 4f electrons with NMR frequency. Moreover, 4f-electron contribution tothe Al relaxation process becomes weaker at low temperature and finally it becomes too weak todominate over the Korringa contribution. We have estimated the CEF parameters for a Pr +3 ion(D 2h site symmetry) in orthorhombic crystal-field using operator equivalent method by least squarefitting of the Knight shift results. The overall CEF splitting is 660 K which is at least 100 K morethan the reported value.R Sarkar, A Ghoshray, B Pahari, K Ghoshray, B BandyopadhyayECMP4.1.1.6 51 V NMR study in quasi-one dimensional BaCu 2 V 2 O 8Various magnetic phenomena related to the spin and charge correlations observed in 1D quantumspin systems with antiferromagnetic interactions remain a very active field of research in condensedmatter physics. We are engaged in the study of such a quasi-one dimensional alternating spin

106 Biennial Report 2005-07chain compound viz. BaCu 2 V 2 O 8 using 51 V NMR. Shift, K% and the spin lattice relaxation rate,1/T 1 have been performed in a polycrystalline sample in the temperature range 4-380 K at 7.04tesla. Behaviour of K% for the two types of V sites, suggests that at low temperature, Cu 2+ iongradually approaches towards a nonmagnetic state with S=0. Existence of a non zero shift ofsmaller magnitude for the V2 site, (connecting inter-chain Cu atoms) in comparison to that of V1(connecting Cu atoms within a chain), indicate the existence of an inter-chain exchange. Thusthe importance of the inter-chain interaction in the magnetic properties of this system can not beruled out. The temperature dependence of 1/T 1 clearly shows the opening of a single spin gap(=380 K) in the excitations spectrum. The magnitude is significantly higher than that obtainedfrom shift data (∆=230K). The large discrepancy between these two values is yet to be explained.Importance of diffusion, if any, in the relaxation process would be studied using very low field NMRmeasurement. We also propose to extend this work using Cu NMR, which should reveal furtherdetails of the excitation spectra.K Ghoshray, B Pahari, B Bandyopadhyay, R Sarkar, A GhoshrayECMP4.1.1.7 Magnetization and NMR studies on granular FeCu alloyFeCu granular alloys (Fe≈1-20 %) have been prepared by chemical reduction and characterizedby X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Magnetic properties have been studied macroscopically and also using 63 Cu nuclear magneticresonance (NMR) as a local probe. Study of ZFC-FC magnetization yields blocking temperaturedistribution of magnetic fine particles system in all samples. At low Fe concentration, themagnetizations of the samples combine superparamagnetism (SPM) and paramagnetism (PM) nearroom temperature, and a ferromagnetic (FM) component is also displayed at 5 K. High Fe contentalloys are almost entirely ferromagnetic even at 300 K. However, in all these samples the observationof the 63 Cu NMR signal confirms the existence of a paramagnetic component that remainsundiminished from 300 K down to 4 K. The NMR results are compared with those in bulk FeCualloys studied earlier, and the comparison yields that the paramagnetic component of the FeCualloy contains about 0.02 to 0.04 % Fe, and seems to exhibit a Kondo temperature much higherthan that observed in bulk alloys of similar composition.B Bandyopadhyay, B Pahari, K GhoshrayECMP4.1.1.8 Ballistic spin dependent transportWe have shown that the ballistic channels in MTJs are not only magnetoresistive, it, in fact,can cause inverse tunneling magnetoresistance. Inverse magnetoresistance has been observed inmagnetic tunnel junctions with pinhole nanocontacts over a broad temperature range. The tunnelmagnetoresistance undergoes a change of sign at higher bias and temperature. This is the firstdirect experimental evidence that pinhole shorts through the insulating spacer in a magnetic tunneljunction can cause inverse tunneling magnetoresistance when the transmission probability is close tounity. The relative contributions from the conduction channels due to elastic tunneling and ballisticspin conserved transport through the pinholes can be changed by proper adjustment of the biasand temperature, which can even result in the change of sign of the tunneling magnetoresistance.

Condensed Matter Physics 107Inverse tunnel magnetoresistance due to pinhole nanocontact is a new phenomenon.Soumik Mukhopadhyay, Indranil DasECMP4.1.1.9 Unified description of spin dependent transport in granular ferromagnetsWe have shown that, at low temperature, the effect of localization of charge carriers in granularmetals cannot be ignored. The electron localization in granular ferromagnetic metals can give riseto non-linear transport in the moderate electric field regime, which is dominated by spin dependentinter-grain non-tunneling emission.Fig.4.1.1.9. Electric field dependence of conductivity can be described by a universalscaling function G=G0 exp(V/V0) 1/2In contrast to the general opinion that spin dependent tunneling gives rise to low field magnetoresistancein granular ferromagnetic metals we have observed spin dependent non-tunneling transportin LSMO, NSMO granular film and LSMO/ALO metal-insulator nanocomposites, a phenomenonwhich appears to be generic to ferromagnetic granular metallic systems, particularly at low temperature.The observed phenomenon has been analyzed considering the dominance of thermallyassisted inter-grain non-tunneling transport (with the grains acting as localized sites) in the moderateelectric field regime and the existence of an additional inter-grain magnetic exchange barrier.Soumik Mukhopadhyay, Indranil DasECMP

108 Biennial Report 2005-074.1.1.10 Charge ordering in nanoparticles of Pr 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3The observation of charge order transition in bulk form of rare-earth based manganites is welldocumented. However, there is hardly any manifestation of this phenomenon when the grain sizeis reduced to nano meter scale. We have observed charge ordering in nanocrystallinePr 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 of average particle size 40 nm. The transport, magnetotransport, magnetizationand specific heat measurements have been performed on the nanocrystalline sample. Thespecific heat and magnetization studies have confirmed that the CO transition occurs in the sampleat 225 K.Fig.4.1.1.10. Large modification of low temperature resistance in presence of magneticfield - Magnetic field induced melting of Charge Ordered state.The charge order transition temperature is almost same as in case of the bulk form of the sample.Due to the CO, the resistivity increases abruptly with the decrease of temperature. In presenceof magnetic field, the CO state is switched over to the metallic state, giving rise to large negativemagnetoresistance. This is the first report regarding charge ordering in nanoparticles ofmanganites.Anis Biswas, Indranil DasECMP4.1.1.11 Magnetotransport studies in Pr 0.65 (Ca 1−x Sr x ) 0.35 MnO 3 nanoparticlesThe substitution of Sr in Ca- site of Pr 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 changes the Charge order behavior of thesample. The CO state is destabilized below a certain temperature resulting in a state compris-

Condensed Matter Physics 109ing the coexistence of ferromagnetic and CO states. We have prepared nanocrystalline sample ofPri 0.65 (Ca 0.7 Sr 0.3 ) 0.35 MnO 3 , Pr 0.65 (Ca 0.6 Sr 0.4 ) 0.35 MnO 3 and Pr 0.65 (Ca 0.5 Sr 0.5 ) 0.35 MnO 3 . The studieson Pr 0.65 (Ca 0.6 Sr 0.4 ) 0.35 MnO 3 have indicated that the co-existence of CO and metallic stateexists. The insulator to metal transition for the nanocrystalline sample is shifted to the lower temperaturein comparison with the bulk for the smallest particle sized nanocrystalline sample (∼40nm). A large hysteresis is achieved in the temperature dependence of resistivity and the magneticfield dependence of magnetoresistance. Small magnetic field is required to melt the COfraction present in low temperature and large (∼100 %) low field magnetorestance hasbeen achieved at liquid nitrogen temperature.Anis Biswas, Indranil DasECMP4.1.1.12 Negligible domain wall contribution in magnetocaloric effect of GdPt 2Single-phase polycrystalline sample was prepared by argon arc melting. Specific heat measurementsboth in absence and in presence of magnetic field were performed using home made set-up.Magnetocaloric parameters ∆T ad and -∆S were obtained from the specific heat data.Fig.4.1.1.12. Low field magnetoresistance at the inset indicates significant domain wallcontribution in magnetoresistance. The hump in -∆ρ data around 10 K vanishes aftersubtracting domain wall contribution and the dependence becomes similar to -∆S-domain wall contribution in magneto caloric effect is insignificantMagnetoresistance measurements as a function of magnetic field as well as a function of temperaturewere carried out. There is qualitative difference between the temperature dependence of -∆ρ(=ρ(H)-ρ(0)) and -∆S. However after removing the domain wall scattering contribution from -∆ρ,the nature of -∆ρ and -∆S as a function of temperature is similar. Our study indicates thatthe domain wall contribution in MCE is negligibly small in spite of large contribution

110 Biennial Report 2005-07in magnetoresistance.Tapas Samanta, Indranil DasECMP4.1.1.13 Giant enhancement of room temperature magnetoresistance in magneticmultilayerWe have studied the magneto-transport properties of La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 (LSMO) /Nd 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 (NSMO) multi-layers where the thickness of alternate LSMO and NSMO layershave been varied. We have obtained huge enhancement in magnetoresistance near room temperatureby reducing the thickness of alternate layers in LSMO/NSMO magnetic multi-layer. Theobserved magnetoresistance is about 150% around 270 K. This enhancement in magnetoresistanceis attributed to the reduction in thickness of the individual layers, which leads to increased spinfluctuation -a novel technique (with potential for technological application) for giantenhancement of magnetoresistance ( 1000 % in our sample) near room temperature.Soumik Mukhopadhyay, Indranil DasECMP4.1.1.14 Size-induced metal-insulator transition and magnetic glassy behaviour ofLa 0.5 A 0.5 CoO 3 ( A= Sr, Ca and Ba ) nanoparticlesWe have investigated and compared the effect of particle size on the transport and magnetic propertiesof La 0.5 A 0.5 CoO 3 ( A= Sr, Ca and Ba ) nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method. Thepowder X-ray profile refinement provides a rhombohedral single phase structure for the compoundswith a R-3C space group. A size-induced metal-insulator transition occurs in these samples. Themetal-like temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ) for samples with higher dimension changesto semiconducting / insulating nature with the decrease of particle size. The thermopower ofLa 0.5 Ca 0.5 CoO 3 are positive for all dimensions throughout the temperature range studied but thatof La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 and La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3 shows a cross-over from positive (p-type) to negative (ntype)value with the decrease of temperature. The magnetoresistance of all the samples showsa monotonic increase with the field but the highest value is not obtained at the lowest temperaturebut in some higher temperature above the lowest temperature studied. The field-cooled(FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization display a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transitionat T C with a large magnetic irreversibility. The magnetic irreversibility temperature T irrdecreases with the decrease of the particle dimension. In case of La 0.5 Ca 0.5 CoO 3 the irreversibilityin magnetization is not so large as that in samples with A= Sr and Ba. The ac susceptibilitybehaviour of La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3 is simlar to that of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 but the ac susceptibility natureof La 0.5 Ca 0.5 CoO 3 changes with the dimension of the particles. For samples ( A=Ca) with higherdimension there is only one single peak near T c which is independent of frequency whereas for sampleswith lower dimension two other frequency-dependent peaks appear. The observed frequencydependent shoulder in the in-phase component of the ac susceptibility χ and the hump in the outof phase part of the ac susceptibility χ indicate glassy nature of the samples.B Roy, S DasECMP

Condensed Matter Physics 1114.1.1.15 Superparamagnetism and cluster glass behaviour of Nd 0.7 Ba 0.3 MnO 3 nanoparticlesThe properties of Nd 0.7 Ba 0.3 MnO 3 nanoparticles were studied by X-ray powder diffraction data,electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, thermopower(S) and magnetic measurements. The metalinsulatortransition behavior observed in the temperature dependence of resistivity of the sampleswith larger particle size changes to insulating nature with the decrease of the particle size dueto enhancement of the grain boundary effect. The analysis of magnetoresistance indicated thatthe alignment of inter grain ( at low field) and intra-grain (at high field) magnetic moments aredominant in the spin polarized tunneling conducting mechanism in Nd 0.7 Ba 0.3 MnO 3 nanoparticles.The thermopower of the samples shows a cross-over from negative to positive values and at hightemperature S follows adiabatic small polaron hopping theory. The zero field cooled (ZFC) and fieldcooled (FC) magnetizations display broad ferromagnetic transition along with a large magnetizationirreversibility which starts just below the transition temperature. The Curie temperature(T c ) andirreversibility temperature(T irr ) decreases considerably with the decrease of the particle size. Thefrequency dependent peak in the out of phase part of the ac susceptibility χ are the signature ofcluster glass behavior. Superparamagnetism develops in the samples of very low dimension.B Roy, S DasECMP4.1.1.16 Growing single crystals of multiferroic manganates and study of their physicalpropertiesMultiferroic manganates RMnO 3 with smaller radius of R 3+ ions (R=Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu orY, Sc, In) crystallizes in the hexagonal lattice. The hexagonal manganates are both ferroelectricand strongly frustrated antiferromagnets. The coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic orderparameters provides the prospect of manipulating electrical properties through magnetic fields andvice versa, which, in turn, gives these compounds potential for applications in multifunctionaldevices. We have grown good quality single crystals of Y MnO 3 , HoMnO 3 , TbMnO 3 , Y bMnO 3and DyMnO 3 . Single crystal X-ray characterization, XPS study and field-dependent specific heatof the above mentioned multi-ferroic manganates are in progress.S Das, P MandalECMP4.1.1.17 Fabrication of a sample holder to measure resistivity and magneto- resistanceof seven samples simultaneouslyAt present we can measure resistance and magneto-resistance of two samples at a time. A sampleholder has been fabricated with provision for measuring seven samples at a time using a Keithley7001 scanner to measure resistivity and magnetoresistance from 4.2K-300K in a field upto 8T. Onecartridge heater was placed in a hole in the lower part of the cell and two sensors were placed closeto the samples to measure the temperature and to control the temperature. A long (thin-walled)cylindrical tube is connected to the cell and two nineteen pin connectors were connected at thetop part with NW40 and NW25 for electrical leads feedthrough. The scanner is attached to ananovoltmeter and a current source and all the instruments are computer controlled via GPIBnetwork. A sophisticated computer automation programme using LabView graphical program is

112 Biennial Report 2005-07being developed for the data collection by the computer. The work is in progress.S Das, A Pal, A Chakrabarty, BG GhoshECMP4.1.1.18 Anomalous transport properties of Co-site impurity doped Na x CoO 2The effect of substitution of Cu, Zn, Ga, Mn and Ni for Co on resistivity (ρ), magnetization (M)and thermopower (S) in layered Na x CoO 2 has been investigated. At low temperature, ρ remainsmetallic (dρ/dT >0) for Cu, Zn and Ga impurities over the entire range of doping while for Mnand Ni a metal-insulator transition occurs at or above 3 percent doping. For Cu-doped samples,ρ(T) shows strong anomaly and hysteresis at around 280 K where a first-order structural phasetransition occurs due to the long-range ordering of Na-vacancy clusters. The magnetic susceptibilityexhibits Curie-Weiss law. The Neel temperature is insensitive to impurity while Curie constant andWeiss constant (θ) depend both on the nature and amount of impurity. A small enhancement ofmagnetization above 280 K and the increase of θ with Cu doping are the signatures of Na-vacancyordering. In contrast to ρ and M, S changes systematically with doping and temperature, anddoes not show anomalous behavior around 280 K.Prabhat MandalECMP4.1.1.19 Transport properties of doped RuSr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 superconductorThe transport properties of Ru 1−x M x Sr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 (Ru-1212), with M = Ti, Rh and Sn for 0 ≤x ≤ 0.2, have been studied. Both thermoelectric power (S) and resistivity (ρ) measurementsare discussed and compared with those of Ru(Sr 1−x L x )GdCu 2 O 8 , where L is La and Na, with0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10. The superconducting and normal state properties of Ru-1212 depend strongly on thetype of dopant and the substitutional site. It is noticed that T c is reduced for all doped compoundseven for Ti, Rh and Na doping where a small decrease in S is observed. The behavior of both S(T)and ρ(T) indicates that Ru-1212 superconductor is similar to other underdoped cuprate systems.A Hassen, Prabhat MandalECMP4.1.1.20 Volume contraction and resistivity drop at the Jahn-Teller transition inLa 1−x Ca x MnO 3We have investigated the Jahn-Teller transition accompanied by orbital order-disorder transitionin La 1−x Ca x MnO 3 by high temperature X-ray powder diffraction with synchrotron radiation andresistivity measurements. The unit cell volume of LaMnO 3 decreases with increasing temperaturein a narrow temperature range below T JT =750 K and then undergoes a volume collapse at T JT .The transition is first order. Similar behavior is also obtained in Ca-doped La 1−x Ca x MnO 3 forx=0.025 and 0.075. The amount of volume collapse, however, decreases with the doping and alsothe first order discontinuous transition crosses over to a quasi-continuous transition with doping.We interpret the volume contraction at the transition is due to a more efficient packing of theMnO 6 octahedra in the orbitally liquid state and the crossover from the discontinuous to the

Condensed Matter Physics 113quasi-continuous transition is due to the change in the anharmonic coupling parameter with thehole doping. The resistivity of LaMnO 3 decreases with the increase of temperature and showsan abrupt drop at T JT , becoming almost temperature independent at higher temperature. Theresistivity of La 1−x Ca x MnO 3 also decreases at T JT but the abrupt drop becomes smeared out athigher doping. The similar behavior of the unit cell volume and the resistivity at the Jahn-Tellertransition suggests that the volume contraction at T JT causes delocalization of e g electrons.T Chatterji†, D Riley†, F Fauth†, Prabhat Mandal, B GhoshECMP4.1.1.21 Electronic transport in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic La 5/8 (Ba,Ca) 3/8 MnO 3 :LuMnO 3 compositesAn almost complete immiscibility between metallic ferromagnet La 5/8 Ba 3/8 MnO 3 orLa 5/8 Ca 3/8 MnO 3 and insulating ferroelectric LuMnO 3 has been established from structural,magnetic, and transport studies. Both (x v )La 5/8 Ba 3/8 MnO 3 :(1 − x v )LuMnO 3 and(x v )La 5/8 Ca 3/8 MnO 3 :(1 − x v )LuMnO 3 show a metal-insulator transition below a critical volumefraction x vc of the metallic component. Over the entire range of volume fraction, x v > x vc , electronicconduction follows a classical percolation model. The conductivity (σ) scaling exponent tis the same as that of the universal value (=2) for the three-dimensional (3D) system; x vc is alsoclose to the theoretical prediction for the 3D continuum model.Fig.4.1.1.21. Square-root of conductivity (σ 1/2 ) versus metallic volume fraction x v :(a) (x v )La 5/8 Ba 3/8 MnO 3 : (1 − x v )LuMnO 3 and (b) (x v )La 5/8 Ca 3/8 MnO 3 : (1 −x v )LuMnO 3 . Solid lines represent linear behavior.For x v < x vc , the transport phenomenon is dominated by the insulating LuMnO 3 . The temperaturedependence of both resistivity and thermopower for 0 ≤x v ≤x vc shows that the conduction is due

114 Biennial Report 2005-07to the thermal activation of charge carriers with a band gap 0.5 eV.Prabhat Mandal, P Choudhury†, B GhoshECMP4.1.1.22 Field-induced first-order to second-order magnetic phase transition inSm 0.52 Sr 0.48 MnO 3 single crystalAn anomalous magnetic field dependence of the order of the ferromagnetic to paramagneticphase transition has been reported from magnetic and transport studies on single crystal ofSm 0.52 Sr 0.48 MnO 3 . We observe a first order phase transition with thermal hysteresis, a small magnetizationexponent (β=0.03) and a finite amount of magnetic entropy change (1.45 J/mol-K) atT C (110 K) via the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for magnetic field below 4 T while the phase transitionbecomes essentially second order with tricritical point exponents β=0.32 and γ=1.31 above4 T. The tricritical point separates first-order (H4 T) transition.This unusual behavior of magnetic phase transition has been explained in terms of competitionbetween the lattice strain due to the ionic size mismatch and the magnetic field, which enhancesthe fluctuations of the magnetic order parameter.P Sarkar, Prabhat Mandal, AK Bera†, SM Yusuf†ECMP4.1.1.23 Transport, magnetic and structural properties of La 1−x A x CoO 3 (A=Sr, Ba)We have studied resistivity ρ and thermopower S of La 1−x A x CoO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.50) to elucidate thenature of transport mechanism below Curie temperature T C . Well below T C , both ρ and S exhibitT 2 behavior whereas over a temperature interval just below T C , they show T 4 dependence due tothe scattering of charge carriers by magnetic fluctuations. This T 4 dependence of ρ close to T Ccan be suppressed by a magnetic field, leading to a negative bulk magnetoresistance in cobaltatesand in other itinerant ferromagnets such as manganites and CrO 2 . To investigate the role of ionicsize mismatch on physical properties we have also studied La 0.7−y Nd y Ba 0.3−z Sr z CoO 3 with meanA-site ionic radius 1.384 Å same as that for La 0.7 Sr 0.3 CoO 3 . We observe that the coefficient of T 4dependence of ρ hence, the magnetoresistance increases dramatically with the increase of A-sitelattice mismatch. A phase diagram has also been constructed for La 1−x Ba x CoO 3 system from thisstudy.Prabhat Mandal, A Hassen†, B Ghosh, S Biswas†, P Choudhury†ECMP4.1.1.24 Phase diagram of Sm 1−x A x MnO 3 (A=Ca, Sr) 0≤x≤0.52We have investigated and analyzed the transport, magnetic, and structural properties of

Condensed Matter Physics 115Fig.4.1.1.24. Phase diagrams for Sm 1−x A x MnO 3 (upper frame for Sr-doped systemsand lower frame for Ca-doped systems). The open symbols with solid lines representthe change of ferromagnetic transition T C and charge ordering transition T CO (left)temperatures while the closed symbols with dashed lines display the variation of themagnetization (M) at 5 K (right) with x for both systems. The dashed area in theupper frame shows the charge ordering region. The states are denoted by abbreviations:CAFMI, canted antiferromagnetic insulating; FMI, ferromagnetic insulating; FMM,ferromagnetic metallic; AFMI, antiferromagnetic insulating; and PMI, paramagneticinsulating.Sm 1−x A x MnO 3 (A=Ca, Sr) over the range of 0≤x≤0.52. Below x=0.30, both systems are ferromagnetic(FM) insulator, and the resistivity can be described well by polaron hopping model. Abovex=0.30, Sr-doped compounds exhibit large negative magnetoresistance (MR) in the FM metallicstate and charge/orbital ordering over a narrow doping range around x=0.50. On the other hand,Ca-doped system does not show any insulator to metal transition and MR, possibly due to thesmaller average A-site cationic radius r than that for Sr-doped one. The magnetic ground state ofCa-doped system changes from FM to canted antiferromagnetic above x=0.30. A strong couplingbetween transport, magnetic, and structural properties has been established from this study. Theresults are summarized in the phase diagrams.A Hassen, Prabhat MandalECMP4.1.1.25 Unconventional relaxation in antiferromagnetic CoRh 2 O 4 nanoparticlesMagnetic relaxation in antiferromagnetic CoRh 2 O 4 nanoparticles is investigated at 2 K by coolingthe sample from a temperature (70 K) well above the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature at

116 Biennial Report 2005-0727 K, following zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) process. In ZFC process, the sampleat 2 K is subsequently followed by magnetic field on and off sequences, whereas in FC processthe cooling field is made off during measurement of remanent magnetization as a function of time.The experiments suggest an unconventional relaxation behaviour in the system, as an effect ofincreasing surface exchange anisotropy with decreasing the size of antiferromagnetic nanoparticles.Unconventional relaxation in AFM CoRh 2 O 4 nano particlesRN Bhowmik, R RanganathanECMP4.1.1.26 Lattice expansion and non-collinear to collinear ferrimagnetic order inMnCr 2 O 4 nanoparticleWe have investigated the magnetic behavior of a typical spinel oxide MnCr 2 O 4 . Bulk sampleshows a sequence of magnetic states, which follows paramagnetic (PM) to collinear ferrimagnetic(FM)state below T c 45 K and collinear FM state to non-collinear FM state below T s 18 K. Thenanomaterial, prepared by mechanical milling of bulk sample, shows a systematic lattice expansionwith decreasing particle size. The magnetic measurement shows that both long-range ferrimagneticorder and the non-collinear spin structure are strongly modified in nanoparticles. For example, thesharp magnetic transition at T s is gradually disappeared for nanoparticles. The system also showssuper paramagnetic behavior for smaller particles. The decrease of spontaneous magnetization withdecrease of particle size may, according to the core-shell model for ferrimagnetic nanoparticle, bethe disorder effects of nanoparticles. However, the increase of Ts, and systematic increase of Blochexponent with decreasing particle size seems to be unusual. The present work highlights the effectof lattice expansion on unusual magnetism in MnCr 2 O 4 nanoparticles.RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, R NagarajanECMP4.1.1.27 Structural and magnetic studies on spark plasma sintered SmCo5/Fe bulknanocomposite magnetsSmCo5 + x wt.% Fe (x =0, 5 and 10) nanocomposite powders were synthesized by mechanicalmilling and were consolidated into bulk shape by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Theevolution of structure and magnetic properties were systematically investigated in milled powdersas well as in SPS samples. A maximum coercivity of 8.9kOe was achieved in spark plasma

Condensed Matter Physics 117Fig.4.1.1.27sintered SmCo5 + 5wt% Fe sample. The exchange spring interaction between the hard and softmagnetic phases was evaluated using δM-H measurements and the analysis revealed that the SPSsample containing 5 wt% Fe had a stronger exchange coupling between the magnetic phases thanthat of the sample with 10wt% Fe sample. The δM-H measurements are used to verify the nature ofthe exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic phases in nanocomposite magnets. Wehave also carried out these measurements using SQUID in SPS samples containing 5% and 10% Fe.The δM is defined as md(H)-[1-2mr(H)], where md(H) is the reduced demagnetization remanence(Md(H)/Mr) and mr(H) is the reduced magnetization remanence (Mr(H)/Mr). δM is expected tobe zero for non interacting uniaxial single domain grains within the Wohlfarth model The δM valuesare calculated by plotting a series of remanent magnetization curves at various applied fields from avirgin sample and also from the series of recoil demagnetization curves at the corresponding reversefields. The sample containing 5 wt.% Fe shows strong exchange interaction whereas SmCo5 +10wt% Fe shows presence of both exchange and dipolar interactions. A positive value of δM representsexchange interaction and negative value represents dipolar interaction between the magnetic phases.Figure represents the δM plot as a function of the applied field for SPS samples of SmCo5 + xwt.% Fe (x = 5,10). (Under MOU programme SINP- DMRL (DRDO) (2006)R Ranganathan, Chandrasekaran†, R Gopalan†, NV Ramarao†, et alECMP4.1.1.28 Magnetic order and electrical conductivity scaling of the spinel oxideMn 0.5 Ru 0.5 Co 2 O 4We report the magnetic order and electrical ac and dc conductivity of bulk Mn 0.5 Ru 0.5 Co 2 O 4spinel oxide. The system is a ferrimagnet, which undergoes from ferrimagnetic to paramagneticstate above the Curie temperature TC ∼100 K. Low field 100 Oe measurement shows a peak at

118 Biennial Report 2005-07Tp∼100 K in zero field cooledZFC magnetization, whereas field cooled magnetization continuouslyincreases down to 2 K. As long as the applied magnetic field is not large enough in comparisonwith the coercive field, a sharp decrease in ZFC magnetization is always observed below Tp. Thepeak temperature at Tp∼100 K is shifted to lower temperatures by applying sufficiently largemagnetic field. Ac susceptibility data also shows a sharp peak at 100 K, which is independentof frequencies 0.5 Hz-1 kHz of ac magnetic field amplitude 1 Oe. These observations, includingother measurements, suggest strong pinning effects in domain wall dynamics. We have noted thatelectrical behavior of the system is significantly affected by the magnetic ordering of the spins.Our results have shown the contribution of short range interactions above T C to the formation ofsmall polarons. The system shows colossal magneto resistance properties with a semiconductor tometallic transition below 80 K. A simple scaling law is used as a tool for the identification of shortrange magnetic interactions that may be difficult to determine using conventional magnetizationexperiments.RN Bhowmik, R RanganathanECMP4.1.1.29 Study of anomalous transport and thermal expansion behavior ofGdPd 3 B x C 1−xWe have studied the temperature variation of structural, magnetic and electrical-transport propertiesof GdPd3 and GdPd 3 B x C 1−x (x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00). These compound exist in ametallic pervoskite structure. One of the interesting aspects of this series of compounds is; one cantune the lattice parameter of the compounds, maintaining the crystal symmetry, by balancing thestoichiometry of the metalloids (boron and carbon) sitting at the body center position of cubic unitcell. By the variation of lattice parameter one gets profound changes in electrical transport andmagnetic properties of the compounds. GdPd3 and x=0.25 and 0.50 compounds exhibit positivevalue of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and dominating antiferromagnetic type of ordering.On the other hand x=0.75 and 1.00 compounds exhibit negative TCR and canted magneticstructure. Our data also suggest that symmetry in site occupancy also plays an important rolein determining the electrical resistivity characteristics and structural properties, especially at lowtemperatures. The compounds with asymmetric distribution of boron and carbon (x=0.25 and0.75) exhibit sharp changes in TCR below T 45K, while the compounds with symmetric distribution(x=0.50 and 1.00) do not show such characteristics. GdPd 3 B 0.75 C 0.25 (x=0.75) monitors astructural transition below 45K while GdPd 3 B 0.25 C 0.75 (x=0.25) exhibits the rare phenomenon ofnegative thermal expansion. In contrast, GdPd 3 B 0.50 C 0.50 (x=0.50) and GdPd 3 B (x=1.00) do notshow such anomalies.Abhishek Pandey, Chandan Mazumdar, R Ranganathan, Molly De Raychaudhury†, Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta†, Saurabh Tripathi†, D Pandey†, Sushanta Dattagupta†ECMP4.1.1.30 Study of intermediate valence behavior in Ce 0.5 Eu 0.5 Pd 3 B xWe have performed structural, magnetic, electrical transport and Mössbauer spectroscopy studieson Ce 0.5 Eu 0.5 Pd 3 B x (x=0.0, 0.5 and 1.0). This compound contains two valence fluctuating ions,Ce and Eu, at the same lattice site (0, 0, 0) and thus one expects the interplay of different valencestates of these two ions may distort the crystal lattice and symmetries. However, our studies

Condensed Matter Physics 119show that the compound form in a well defined cubic pervoskite like structure. Unlike the case ofGdPd 3 B x C 1−x where one can tune the lattice parameter of the compounds, the lattice parametersFig.4.1.1.30of Ce 0.5 Eu 0.5 Pd 3 B x monitor a sharp jump and could not be tuned. This sharp jump in latticeparameter results from the change in the valency of rare-earth ions. It was argued earlier that thechange in the valency and occurrence of valence fluctuating states of Ce and Eu in CePd 3 B x andEuPd 3 B x respectively is an outcome of alteration in the lattice parameter or boron distributionin the lattice. However, our results show that Ce 0.5 Eu 0.5 Pd 3 , which has similar value of latticeparameter to EuPd 3 B x and which does not contain any boron in the lattice, exhibits the presenceof mixed valence states of Eu.Abhishek Pandey, C Mazumdar, R Ranganathan, S Dattagupta†, VR Reddy†, A Gupta†ECMP4.1.1.31 Study of transport and magnetic properties of GdPd 3 B−xC 1−x (x=0-1)Perovskite samples having general formula AIB 3 are being studied for quite some time for theirinteresting physical properties. These compounds form in cubic structures (space group Pm3m),where A atoms occupy cube corners, I atoms are in body center positions, and B atoms are in facecentered positions. We have studied temperature dependent resistivity and magnetic behaviour andstructural evaluation in GdPd 3 B x C 1−x series of compounds that form in this structure. We haveshown that by modifying the structural parameters and chemical environment of these compounds,the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) can be controlled very smoothly over a wide range.

120 Biennial Report 2005-071.2GdPd 3B 1-xC x0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.001.1x=1.0T 300K1.0x=0.750.9x=0.50x=0.250.80.7 GdPd 3(10 -4 K -1 )0.60 50 100 150 200 250 300 35012840-4Temperature (K)xFig.4.1.1.31: Temperature dependence of resistivity for GdPd 3 and GdPd 3 B 1−x C x indicatingthe change of temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) from positive tonegative with increasing boron content. The inset shows the TCR values as a functionof boron concentration.The surprising result of our study is the observation of negative TCR at low temperatures in anordered, non-Kondo crystalline system. We have also performed self-consistent band structure anddensity of states (DOS) calculations using linearized muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO-PLW) method andshow that the resistivity behaviour of these materials can be satisfactorically explained.Chandan Mazumdar, R Ranganathan, A Pandey, T Saha-Dasgupta†, M De-Raychaudhury†, DPandey†, S Tripathi†, S Dattagupta†ECMP4.1.1.32 Studies of transport properties of Sr 2 Fe 1−x Mn x MoO 6The transport properties of ordered double perovskite compounds Sr 2 Fe 1−x Mn x MoO 6 (x=0.1-0.8)have been studied through resistivity [ρ(T)] and thermoelectric-power [TEP:S(T)] studies. Ourmeasurements reveal that as Mn concentration (x) increases, conduction property of the systemchanges from metallic to semiconducting nature with the occurrence of metal-insulator (M-I) transitionfor compounds having x∼0.2. On further increase of x, insulating nature of the system alsoincreases.

Condensed Matter Physics 121( -cm)10 8 0.80.710 610 410 210 010 -210 -40.60.50.40.30.20.1Sr 2Fe 1-xMn xMoO 60 50 100 150 200 250 300Temperature (K)Fig.4.1.1.32: Temperature dependence of resistivity [ρ(T)] of Sr 2 Fe 1−x Mn x MoO 6 forx=0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 & 0.8Our result is consistent with the variable range hoping (VRH) mechanism, where the Mott temperaturerises rapidly with increase in x indicating the rapid change of localization process. Thermopowerresults suggest that the nature of conduction is electronic in nature.Chandan Mazumdar, Asok PoddarECMP4.1.1.33 Transport and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Sr 2 FeMoO 6We have studied transport and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Sr 2 FeMoO 6 of various sizes.Resistivity behaviour found to vary systematically with particle size and can be explained in thetemperature range 4-300K through a model involving quantum interference effect.Chandan Mazumdar, Asok Poddar, N Das†, B Chattopadhyay†ECMP4.1.1.34 Studies of transport and magnetic properties of Ca 2 Fe 1−x Co x MoO 6(0≤x≤0.4)We have studied the transport and magnetic properties of Ca 2 Fe 1−x Co x MoO 6 (0≤x≤0.4) system.All the materials exhibit metallic behaviour. The ferromagnetic Curie temperature reduces with

122 Biennial Report 2005-07' (emu/mol)12108642 Ca 2Fe 0.9Co 0.1MoO 600 100 200 300Temperature (K)0.30.20.10.0'' (emu/mol)Fig.4.1.1.34: Temperature dependence of χ ′ (T) and χ ′′ (T) for Ca 2 Fe 0.9 Co 0.1 MoO 6 at 1,10, 100 & 1000Hz. Arrows denote increasing direction of frequencyincreasing Co concentration, while reentrant spin glass transition temperatures increase.Chandan Mazumdar, Asok PoddarECMP4.1.1.35 Study of crystalline electric field levels in Pr 1−x Y x Ni 2 B 2 CPrNi 2 B 2 C exhibit magnetic ground state at low temperatures. However, it was reported earlierFig.4.1.1.35: Inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of PrNi 2 B 2 C at 2K: a colour map ofthe neutron intensity vs. energy and momentum transfer

Condensed Matter Physics 123that at very low concentration in Y 1−x Pr x Ni 2 B 2 C, Pr has a nonmagnetic ground state. To understandthis problem, we have synthesized Y 1−x Pr x Ni 2 B 2 C for different Pr concentration, we haveperformed both the low as well as high energy inelastic neutron scattering measurements at differenttemperatures and did a preliminary analysis on the crystalline electric field (CEF) levels inthese compounds. Detailed calculations on CEF levels are in progress.Chandan Mazumdar, M Rotter†, H Michor†, M Frontzek†, A Kreyssig†, M Dörr†, M Loewenhaupt†,A Hiess†, M Kosa†, G Behr†, LC Gupta†, J Voigt†, M Prager†ECMP4.1.1.36 Structural and Magnetic Transition in Mechanical Milled La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3We have studied the gradual transformation of the polycrystalline (bulk) La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 samplesfrom the crystalline to nanocrystalline to amorphous phase using mechanical milling. TEM micrographsshowed that particle size is not monotonically decreasing with the increase of milling time,but the grain growth kinetics appears at higher milling time, where the material is in amorphousphase. Magnetic data indicate the existence of ferromagnetic order in the amorphous samples,suggesting the class of amorphous ferromagnet. The superparamagnetic like blocking below T C inthe amorphous samples suggests the increasing spin disorder, which is attributed to the core-shellpattern in nanoparticles and the decreasing lattice periodicity in amorphous phase.RN Bhowmik†, Asok Poddar, R Ranganathan, Chandan MazumdarECMP4.1.1.37 Effect of Inter-Particle Interactions among NiFe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles in ConductingPolymerWe have studied the magnetic properties of NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles of size ∼ 9 nm, dispersed inthe poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) matrix. The measurement showed a typical superparamagnetic blocking of magnetization, which has shown a strong dependence on the variation ofmagnetic field, mode of experiments (ZFC or FC) and particle concentration in the polymer matrix.The increase of particle concentration in the matrix is resulting in the increase of both surface spinpinning to the polymer matrix and inter-particle (magnetic dipole-dipole) interactions, showing acollective magnetic behaviour for the nanocomposite. The upturn of magnetization at lower

124 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.4.1.1.37: M(T) data in top and corresponding normalized M(T) data in bottom forM ZFC and M FC at 100 Oe for sol-50 and sol-200 samples.temperatures or the magnetization maximum at about T B is an effect of modified surface spinsdynamics. The blocking of magnetic nanoparticle can be controlled by varying the particle concentrationsin the polymer matrix. The magnetic behaviour appears due to a competitive magneticordering between the core spins and surface spins of nanoparticles, controlled by the polymer mediatedinter-particle interactions.Asok Poddar, Amitabha De, Pintu Sen, RN BhowmikECMP4.1.2 Molecular Spectroscopy4.1.2.1 Millimeter-wave spectrum of Cyanogen Iodide (ICN): a transient species producedby DC glow dischargeMillimeter-wave rotational spectra of cyanogen iodide (ICN) has been investigated in the frequencyregion 40.0-100.0 GHz. ICN was produced using a DC discharge through a low pressure mixtureof methyl iodide (CH 3 I) and benzyl cyanide (C 6 H 5 CH 2 CN) vapor. Iodine quadrupole hyperfinestructure has been resolved, measured and analyzed. Finally, internuclear distances of ICN havebeen determined.AI JamanECMP4.1.2.2 Rotational spectrum of Propyne observed in a DC glow dischargeThe ground state ( V =0) millimeter wave rotational spectrum of Propyne (CH 3 CCH), an interstellarmolecule, has been observed in a low pressure (∼10-20 mTorr) DC glow discharge through Toluene

Condensed Matter Physics 125(C 6 H 5 CH 3 ) vapor. Symmetric top K-structures of different J+1← J transitions were found to bewell resolved. Analysis of the spectrum is underway.AI JamanECMP4.1.2.3 Microwave spectrum and quadrupole coupling constants of3-BromobenzonitrileAnalysis of the gas phase microwave rotational spectrum of 79 Br and 81 Br species of 3-Bromobenzonitrile in the frequency range 9.0-100.0 GHz is underway. This work is being donein collaboration with the microwave spectroscopy group of IISc, Bangalore.AI Jaman, E Arunan†ECMP4.1.2.4 Microwave spectrum of trans 3-fluorophenol in excited torsional statesThe microwave rotational spectra of the trans conformer of 3-fluorophenol have been observed andanalyzed in two excited torsional states. A nonlinear behaviour of the variation of inertial defectwith the torsional quantum number was observed. The second excited state shows a deviation fromthe expected linear behaviour. This shift indicates that the second torsional excited state may beexperiencing a perturbation from another nearby vibrational mode of this molecule.AI JamanECMP4.1.2.5 Centrifugal distortion analysis of the millimeter-wave spectrum of Allyl IsocyanateThe effect of centrifugal distortion on the rotational absorption frequencies of Allyl Isocyanate inthe higher angular momentum states is being investigated using a millimeter-wave spectrometer.AI JamanECMP4.2 Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics4.2.1 Strongly Correlated Systems4.2.1.1 Theoretical study of mesoscopic and nanoscopic systemsIn a recent work we have studied in details the behavior of persistent current and low-field magneticsusceptibility of disordered mesoscopic normal rings within the tight-binding framework. A longstandinganomaly between theory and experiment is that the amplitudes of the observed currents areorder of magnitude larger than the theoretical estimates. Our exact calculations show that orderof magnitude enhancement of persistent current takes place if we include higher order hopping

126 Biennial Report 2005-07integrals in the Hamiltonian. It also reveals that the sign of the low-field persistent currents cannotbe predicted precisely which in fact corroborates the experimental findings.SN Karmakar, Santanu K Maiti, Jayeeta ChowdhuryTCMP4.2.1.2 Specific heat of Bosons in a latticeThe specific heat of bosons (C v ) in a simple cubic lattice has been studied for non-interacting andinteracting (in the Tonks gas limit) bosons. For both cases, the C v above the bose condensationtemperature shows considerable temperature dependence compared to that of free bosons. ForTonks gas, we find that the low-temperature specific heat increases as the system gets closer to theMott transition.AN Das, R Ramakumar†TCMP4.2.1.3 Studies of bosons in optical lattices in a harmonic potentialBose condensation and specific heat of non-interacting bosons in finite lattices in presence of harmonicpotentials have been studied in one, two, and three dimensions. We numerically diagonalizethe Hamiltonian to obtain the energy levels of the systems. Using the energy levels thus obtained,we investigate the temperature dependence, dimensionality effects, lattice size dependence, andevolution to the bulk limit of the condensate fraction and the specific heat. Some preliminaryresults on the specific heat of fermions in optical lattices are also presented. The results obtainedare contextualized within the current experimental and theoretical scenario.AN Das, R Ramakumar†TCMP4.2.1.4 Lattice bosons in quartic confinementWe have studied bose condensation of non-interacting bosons in finite lattices in quartic potentialsin one, two, and three dimensions. We investigate the dimensionality effects and quartic potentialeffects on single boson density of energy states, condensation temperature, condensate fraction, andspecific heat. The results obtained are compared with corresponding results for lattice bosons inharmonic traps.AN Das, R Ramakumar†TCMP4.2.1.5 Thermodynamic properties of Holstein polarons and the effects of disorderThe ground state and finite temperature properties of polarons are studied considering a two-siteand a four-site Holstein model by exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The kinetic energy,Drude weight, correlation functions involving charge and lattice deformations, and the specific heat

Condensed Matter Physics 127have been evaluated as a function of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling strength and temperature (T).The effects of site diagonal disorder on the above properties have been investigated. The disorderis found to suppress the kinetic energy and the Drude weight, reduces the spatial extension ofthe polaron, and makes the large-to-small polaron crossover smoother. Increasing temperature alsoplays similar role. For strong coupling the kinetic energy arises mainly from the incoherent hoppingprocesses owing to the motion of electrons within the polaron and it is almost independent of thedisorder strength. A second order strong coupling perturbation method has also been followedconsidering an infinite lattice system to show that the above is true for the Hostein model of anysize and any dimension. For strong coupling there is almost no size dependence on the resultspresented. At higher temperatures the kinetic energy shows a 1/T dependence. From the coherentand incoherent contributions to the kinetic energy, the temperature above which the incoherentpart dominates is determined as a function of e-ph coupling strength.AN Das, S Sil†TCMP4.2.1.6 Tunneling Conductance of graphene NIS junctionsDetails of the work: We show that in contrast to conventional normal metal-insulatorsuperconductor(NIS) junctions, the tunneling conductance of a NIS junction in graphene is anoscillatory function of the effective barrier strength of the insulating region, in the limit of a thinbarrier. The amplitude of these oscillations are maximum for aligned Fermi surfaces of the normaland superconducting regions and vanishes for large Fermi surface mismatch. The zero-bias tunnelingconductance, in sharp contrast to its counterpart in conventional NIS junctions, becomesmaximum for a finite barrier strength. We also suggest experiments to test these predictions.Subhro Bhattacharjee†, K SenguptaTCMP4.2.1.7 Josephson effect in graphene SBS junctionsDetails of the work: We study Josephson effect in graphene superconductor- barrier- superconductorjunctions with short and wide barriers, which can be created using a gate voltage. We show thatthe amplitude of the Josephson current of such graphene junctions, in complete contrast to theirconventional counterparts, is an oscillatory function of the effective barrier strength. We demonstratethat this oscillatory behavior occurs due to transmission resonance of Dirac-Bogoliubov-deGennes (DBdG) quasiparticles in superconducting graphene and propose simple experiments totest our predictions.Moitri Maiti, K SenguptaTCMP4.2.1.8 Theory of Tunneling Conductance of graphene NIS junctionsDetails of the work: We calculate the tunneling conductance of a graphene normal metal-insulatorsuperconductor(NIS) junction with a barrier of thickness d and with an arbitrary voltage V 0 appliedacross the barrier region. We demonstrate that the tunneling conductance of such a NIS junction

128 Biennial Report 2005-07is an oscillatory function of both d and V 0 . We also show that the periodicity and amplitude ofsuch oscillations deviate from their universal values in the thin barrier limit as obtained in earlierwork [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 217001 (2006)] and become a function of the applied voltage V 0 . Ourresults reproduces the earlier results on tunneling conductance of such junctions in the thin [Phys.Rev. Lett. 97, 217001 (2006)] and zero [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 067007 (2006)] barrier limits asspecial limiting cases. We discuss experimental relevance of our results.Subhro Bhattacharjee†, Moitri Maiti, K SenguptaTCMP4.2.1.9 Non-perturbative renormalization-group approach to zero-temperature BosesystemsDetails of the work: We study the non-perturbative renormalization group technique to studyinteracting bosons at zero tempoerature. Our analysis reveals the instability of the Bogoliubovfixed point for d1.Nicolas Dupuis†, K SenguptaTCMP4.2.2 Studies in Statistical Mechanics4.2.2.1 Kolmogorov dispersion for turbulence in porous media: A conjectureWe will utilise the self-avoiding walk (SAW) mapping of the vortex line conformations in turbulenceto get the Kolmogorov scale dependence of energy dispersion from SAW statistics, and the knowledgeof the disordered fractal geometries on the SAW statistics. These will give us the Kolmogorovenergy dispersion exponent value for turbulence in porous media in terms of the size exponentfor polymers in the same. We argue that the exponent value will be somewhat less than 5/3 forturbulence in porous media.BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.2 Economic Inequality: Is it Natural?Mounting evidences are being gathered suggesting that income and wealth distribution in variouscountries or societies follow a robust pattern, close to the Gibbs distribution of energy in an idealgas in equilibrium, but also deviating significantly for high income groups. Application of physicsmodels seem to provide illuminating ideas and understanding, complimenting the observations.A Chatterjee, S Sinha, BK ChakrabartiTCMP

Condensed Matter Physics 1294.2.2.3 Ideal-gas like market models with savings: quenched and annealed casesWe analyze the ideal-gas-like models of markets and review the different cases where a savingsfactor changes the nature and shape of the distribution of wealth. These models can producesimilar distribution of wealth as observed across varied economies. We present a more realisticmodel where the saving factor can vary over time (annealed savings) and yet produce Paretodistribution of wealth in certain cases. We discuss the relevance of such models in the context ofwealth distribution, and address some recent issues in the context of these models.A Chatterjee, BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.4 A common origin of the power law distributions in models of market andearthquakeWe show here that the Pareto power law distribution observed in an ideal gas-like trading marketmodel (with random saving propensity of its agents) and the Gutenberg-Richter like distributionfor the overlap measure between two Cantor sets (as one moves uniformly over the other in adynamical model of earthquakes) have a common origin. The identification of this common genericorigin helps in developing generalized views and understanding of such diverse phenomena.P Bhattacharyya, A Chatterjee, BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.5 Kinetic market models with single commodity having price fluctuationsWe study here numerically the behavior of an ideal gas like model of markets having only one nonconsumablecommodity. We investigate the behavior of the steady-state distributions of money,commodity and total wealth, as the dynamics of trading or exchange of money and commodityproceeds, with local (in time) fluctuations in the price of the commodity. These distributions arestudied in markets with agents having uniform and random saving factors. The self-organizing featuresin money distribution are similar to the cases without any commodity (or with consumablecommodities), while the commodity distribution shows an exponential decay. The wealth distributionshows interesting behavior: gamma like distribution for uniform saving propensity and has thesame power-law tail, as that of the money distribution, for a market with agents having randomsaving propensity.A Chatterjee, BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.6 Infinite-range Ising ferromagnet in time-dependent transverse field: dynamicsnear quantum critical pointWe study an infinite-range ferromagnetic Ising model in the presence of a transverse magnetic field,which exhibits a quantum paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition at a critical value of thetransverse field. In the thermodynamic limit, the low-temperature properties of this model aredominated by the behavior of a single large classical spin governed by an anisotropic Hamiltonian.

130 Biennial Report 2005-07Using this property, we study the quench and ac dynamics of the model both numerically andanalytically, and develop a correspondence between the classical phase-space dynamics of a singlespin and the quantum dynamics of the infinite-range ferromagnetic Ising model. In particular, wecompare the behavior of the equal-time order-parameter correlation function both near to and awayfrom the quantum critical point in the presence of a quench or ac transverse field. We explicitlydemonstrate that a clear signature of the quantum critical point can be obtained by studying theac dynamics of the system even in the classical limit. We discuss possible realizations of our modelin experimental systems.A Das, K Sengupta, D Sen, BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.7 Analysis of a long-range random field quantum antiferromagnetic Ising modelWe introduce a solvable quantum antiferromagnetic model. The model, with Ising spins in a transversefield, has infinite range antiferromagnetic interactions and random fields on each site followingan arbitrary distribution. As is well-known, frustration in the random field Ising model gives rise toa many valley structure in the spin-configuration space. In addition, the antiferromagnetism alsoinduces a regular frustration even for the ground state. In this paper, we investigate analyticallythe critical phenomena in the model, having both randomness and frustration and we report someanalytical results for it.BK Chakrabarti, A Das, J-I Inoue†TCMP4.2.2.8 A fiber bundle model of traffic jamsWe apply the equal load-sharing fiber bundle model of fracture failure in composite materials tomodel the traffic failure in a system of parallel road network in a city. For some special distributionsof traffic handling capacities (thresholds) of the roads, the critical behavior of the jammingtransition can be studied analytically. This has been compared with that for the asymmetric simpleexclusion process in a single channel or road.BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.9 Master equation for a kinetic model of trading market and its analytic solutionWe analyze an ideal-gas-like model of a trading market with quenched random saving factors forits agents and show that the steady state income (m) distribution P(m) in the model has a powerlaw tail with Pareto index exactly equal to unity, confirming the earlier numerical studies on thismodel. The analysis starts with the development of a master equation for the time development ofP(m). Precise solutions are then obtained in some special cases.A. Chatterjee, BK Chakrabarti, RB Stinchcombe† TCMP

Condensed Matter Physics 1314.2.2.10 Quantum annealing in a kinetically constrained systemClassical and quantum annealing is discussed in the case of a generalized kinetically constrainedmodel, where the relaxation dynamics of a system with trivial ground state is retarded by theappearance of energy barriers in the relaxation path, following a local kinetic rule. Effectiveness ofthermal and quantum fluctuations in overcoming these kinetic barriers to reach the ground stateare studied. It has been shown that for certain barrier characteristics, quantum annealing mightby far surpass its thermal counter part in reaching the ground state faster.A Das, BK Chakrabarti, RB Stinchcombe†TCMP4.2.2.11 Competition between ferro-retrieval and anti-ferro orders in a Hopfield-likenetwork model for plant intelligenceWe introduce a simple cellular-network model to explain the capacity of the plants as memorydevices. Following earlier observations (Bose [?] and others), we regard the plant as a networkin which each of the elements (plant cells) are connected via negative (inhibitory) interactions.To investigate the performance of the network, we construct a model following that of Hopfield,whose energy function possesses both Hebbian spin glass and anti-ferromagnetic terms. With theassistance of the replica method, we find that the memory state of the network decreases enormouslydue to the effect of the anti-ferromagnetic order induced by the inhibitory connections. We concludethat the ability of the plant as a memory device is rather weak.J-I Inoue, BK ChakrabartiTCMP4.2.2.12 Crossover behavior in a mixed-mode fiber bundle modelWe introduce a mixed-mode load sharing scheme in fiber bundle model. This model reduces exactlyto equal load sharing (ELS) and local load sharing (LLS) models at the two extreme conditionsof the load sharing rule. We identify two distinct regimes: a) Mean-field regime where ELS modedominates and b) short range regime dominated by LLS mode. The crossover behavior is exploredthrough the numerical study of strength variation, the avalanche statistics, susceptibility and relaxationtime variations, the correlations among the broken fibers and their cluster analysis. Analyzingthe moments of the cluster size distributions we locate the crossover point of these regimes. We thusconclude that even in one dimension, fiber bundle model shows crossover behavior from mean-fieldto short range interactions.S Pradhan, BK Chakrabarti, A HansenTCMP4.3 Publications4.3.1 Publications in Edited VolumesBikas Chakrabarti, Abhik Basu, Neural network modelingi, in Models of Brain and Mind - Physical,Computational and Psychological Approaches (Progress in Brain Research), Eds. Rahul Banerjee

132 Biennial Report 2005-07and Bikas K Chakrabarti, Volume 168 p155-168, 270 (2007)R Nagarajan†, Chandan Mazumdar, Z Hossain† and LC Gupta†, Discovery of Quaternary BorocarbideSuperconductors and some recent results, in Frontiers in Superconducting Materials, EdAV Narlikar, Springer Verlag, (2005), p3934.3.2 Papers in Journals2005RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, R Nagarajan, Biswatosh Ghosh, S Kumar, Role of strain inducedanisotropy on the magnetic enhancement in mechanical alloyed Co 0.2 Zn 0.8 Fe 2 O 4 , Phys Rev B72(2005) 094405Anis Biswas, I Das and Chandan Majumdar, Modification of the charge ordering in Pr 1/2 Sr 1/2 MnO 3nanoparticles, J Appl Phys 98 (2005) 124310A Chatterjee, BK Chakrabarti, RB Stinchcombe, Master equation for a kinetic model of tradingmarket and its analytic solution, Phys Rev E72 (2005) 026126Jayita Chatterjee, AN Das, Effect of different site energies on polaronic properties in the twositesingle polaron Holstein model, Eur Phys J B46 (2005) 481A Das, BK Chakrabarti, RB Stinchcombe, Quantum annealing in a kinetically constrained system,Phys Rev E72 (2005) 026701J-I Inoue, BK Chakrabarti, Competition between ferro-retrieval and anti-ferro orders in a Hopfieldlikenetwork model for plant intelligence, Physica A346 (2005) 58Barnana Pal, Santwana Raychaudhuri, Yoshinobu Kawai, Distorted Waves for the Study of Dispersion,Phys Plasmas 12 (2005) 062306S Pradhan, BK Chakrabarti, A Hansen, Crossover behavior in a mixed-mode fiber bundle model,Phys Rev E71 (2005) 036149R Ramakumar†, AN Das, Bose-Einstein condensation in tight-binding bands, Phys Rev B72 (2005)094301R Sarkar, K Ghoshray, B Bandyopadhyay, A Ghoshray, 27 Al NMR in grain-aligned ternary intermetallicCeNi 2 Al 5 : A dense Kondo compound, Phys Rev B71 (2005) 1044212006S Arumugam†, K Mydeen†, N Manivannan†, MK Vanji†, D Prabhakaran†, AT Boothroyd†, RKSharma†, P Mandal, Effect of uniaxial pressure on charge transport in the layered manganiteLa 1.25 Sr 1.75 Mn 2 O 7 , Phys Rev B73 (2006) 212412S Bhattacharjee, K Sengupta, Tunneling Conductance of graphene NIS junctions, Phys Rev Lett

Condensed Matter Physics 13397 (2006) 217001RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, Magnetic order and conductivity scaling in Mn 0.5 Ru 0.5 Co 2 O 4 spineloxide, Phys Rev B74 (2006) 214417RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, R Nagarajan, Coexistence of Spin glass and Superparamagnetismwith ferrimagnetic order in Co 0.2 Zn 0.8 Fe 1.95 Ho 0.05 O 4 spinel oxide, J Magn Magn Mater 299 (2006)327RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, R Nagarajan, Lattice expansion and non-collinear to collinear ferrimagneticorder in MnCr 2 O 4 nanoparticle, Phys Rev B73 (2006) 144413BK Chakrabarti, A fiber bundle model of traffic jams, Physica A372 (2006) 162Haimanti Chakrabarti and Barnana Pal, Signature of glass transition in strongly correlated 2Dliquid, J Phys Cond Matt 18 (2006) 9323A Chatterjee, BK Chakrabarti, Kinetic market models with single commodity having price fluctuations,Eur Phys J B54 (2006) 399T Chatterji†, D Riley†, F Fauth†, P Mandal, B Ghosh, Volume contraction and resistivity drop atthe Jahn-Teller transition in La 1−x Ca x MnO 3 , Phys Rev B73 (2006) 94444V Damljanovic†, C Ulrich†, C Bernhard†, B Keimer†, P Mandal, A Krimmel†, A Loidl†, Ramanscattering study of Ru(Sr,La) 2 GdCu 2 O 8 , Phys Rev B73 (2006) 172502A Das, K Sengupta, D Sen, BK Chakrabarti, Infinite-range Ising ferromagnet in time-dependenttransverse field: dynamics near quantum critical point, Phys Rev B74 (2006) 144423BK Chakrabarti, A Das, Analysis of a long-range random field quantum antiferromagnetic Isingmodel, J-I Inoue, Eur Phys J B51 (2006) 321AN Das, S Sil†, Effect of disorder on polaronic properties of a 1-d lattice, Phys Letts A348(2006) 266A Hassen, P Mandal, Correlation between structural, transport, and magnetic properties inSm 1−x A x MnO 3 (A=Sr,Ca), J Appl Phys 101 (2006) 113917A Hassen, P Mandal, Transport properties of doped RuSr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 superconductor, SupercondSci Technol 19 (2006) 902Santanu K Maiti, J Chowdhury, SN Karmakar, Enhancement of persistent current in mesoscopicrings and cylinders: shortest and next possible shortest higher-order hopping, J Phys Cond Matt18 (2006) 5349Dipankar Maity†, Ambarish Ray†, WS Sheldrick†, H Mayer Figge†, Bilwadal Bandyopadhyay,Mahammad Ali†, Synthesis and crystal structure of a salicylatooxovanadium(V) complex of anaminebis (phenolate) ligand: Kinetic studies on its formation from corresponding alkoxo com-

134 Biennial Report 2005-07plexes, Inorg Chimica Acta 359 (2006) 3197P Mandal, P Choudhury†, B Ghosh, Electronic transport in ferroelectromagnetic compositesLa 5/8 (Ba/Ca) 3/8 MnO 3 :LuMnO 3 , Phys Rev B74 (2006) 094421P Mandal, A Hassen, P Choudhury†, Transport properties of metallic La 1−x Sr x CoO 3 (0.30 ≤ x ≤0.50) ferromagnet, J Appl Phys 100 (2006) 103912B Pahari, K Ghoshray, B Bandyopadhyay, R Sarkar, A Ghoshray, NMR study of 51 V in quasione-dimensionalinteger spin chain compound SrNi 2 V 2 O 8 , Phys Rev B73 (2006) 012407Isakov†, S Wessel†, R Melko†, K Sengupta, Yong Baek Kim†, Valence Bond solids and unconventionalquantum criticality in hard-core Bosons on the Kagome lattice, Phys Rev Lett 97 (2006)147202A Poddar, S Das, W Schnelle, E Gmelin, D Plachke, HD Carstanjen, Electrical transport, magneticand thermal properties of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals, J Magn Magn Mater 300(2006) 263R Ramakumar†, AN Das, Specific heat of Bosons in a lattice, Phys Letts A348 (2006) 304B Roy, A Poddar, S Das, Electrical transport properties and magnetic cluster glass behaviourof Nd 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 nanoparticles, J Appl Phys 100 (2006) 104318PR Varadwaj, PR Bangal, AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectrum of ClCN observed in a DC glowdischarge and ab initio calculations, J Mol Spectrosc 780 (2006) 17PR Varadwaj, AI Jaman, Centrifugal distortion analysis of the millimeter-wave spectrum of 2-fluorobenzonitrile and ab initio DFT calculations, J Mol Spectrosc 236 (2006) 70PR Varadwaj, AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectrum of 2,3-difluorobenzonitrile and ab initio DFTcalculations, J Mol Spectrosc 239 (2006) 216PR Varadwaj, AI Jaman, Z Kisiel†, L Pszczolkowski†, Assignment and analysis of the rotationalspectrum of 3-chlorobenzonitrile, J Mol Spectrosc 239 (2006) 882007Abhik Basu, Sriram Ramaswamy†, Perspectives on the mode-coupling approximation for the dynamicsof interacting Brownian particles, J Stat Mech (2007) P11003P Bhattacharyya, A Chatterjee, BK Chakrabarti, A common origin of the power law distributionsin models of market and earthquake, Physica A381 (2007) 377S Bhattacharjee, M Maiti, K Sengupta, Theory of Tunneling Conductance of graphene NIS junctions,Phys Rev B76 (2007) 184514S Bhattacharjee, M Maiti, K Sengupta, Theory of Tunneling Conductance of graphene NIS junc-

Condensed Matter Physics 135tions, Phys Rev B76 (2007) 184514RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, Enhancement of surface magnetization in AFM nano particles,Solid State Commun 14 (2007) 365RN Bhowmik, R Ranganathan, Unconventional relaxation in AFM CoRh2O4 nano particles, PhysRev B75 (2007) 012410A Chatterjee, S Sinha, BK Chakrabarti, Economic Inequality: Is it Natural?, Current Science92 (2007) 1383A Chatterjee, BK Chakrabarti, Ideal-gas like market models with savings: quenched and annealedcases, Physica A382 (2007) 36Soumen Das, Subhendu K Panda, Prithiwish Nandi, Subhadra Chaudhuri Abhishek Pandey andR Ranganathan, Silica Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles: Variation of Optical and Magnetic Propertieswith Particle Size, J Nano science and technology 7 ( 2007) 4447N Dupuis, K Sengupta, Non-perturbative renormalization-group approach to zero-temperature Bosesystems, Europhys Lett 80 (2007) 50007A Ghoshray, R Sarkar, B Pahari, K Ghoshray, B Bandyopadhyay, 27 Al NMR studies in grainalignedPrNi 2 Al 5 , J Magn Magn Mater 310 (2007) 371AI Jaman, Microwave spectrum of trans 3-fluorophenol in excited torsional states, J Mol Spectrosc245 (2007) 22Ashish Kundu, R Sarkar, B Pahari, A Ghoshray, CNR Rao†, A comparative study of the magneticproperties and phase separation behaviour of the rare earth cobaltates, Ln 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 (Ln=rareearth), J Accoust Soc India 180 (2007) 131M Maiti, K Sengupta, Josephson effect in graphene SBS junctions, Phys Rev B76 (2007) 054513B Pahari, K Ghoshray, A Ghoshray, T Samanta, I Das, Impurity induced antiferromagnetic orderin Haldane gap compound SrNi 2−x Mg x V 2 O 8 , Physica B395 (2007) 138R Ramakumar†, AN Das, S Sil†, Studies of Bosons in optical lattices in a harmonic potential,Eur Phys J D42 (2007) 309NV Rama Rao†, R Gopalan†, M Manivel Raja†, V Chandrasekaran†, D Chakravarty†, R Sundaresan†,R Ranganathan and K Hono†, Structural and magnetic studies on spark plasma sinteredSmCo 5 /Fe bulk nanocomposite magnets, J Magn Magn Mater 312 (2007) 252R Sarkar, A Ghoshray, K Ghoshray, Crystal-field calculation of Pr 3+ in orthorhombic PrNi 2 Al 5from 27 Al NMR Knight shift, J Phys Cond Matt 19 (2007) 086202

136 Biennial Report 2005-074.3.3 Publications in Computer JournalsKausik Das, Keep Track of Your Collection With Tellico, Linux for You 3 (2005) 44Kausik Das, mp3act: Music For Your Network, Linux for You 3 (2006) 120Kausik Das, Ntop–Paint a Pretty Network Picture, Linux for You 4 (2006) 124PR Varadwaj, AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of chloroacetylene (ClCCH) produced byelectrical glow discharge, in Proc of Int Cond on Submillimeter Science & Technology (2006) p974.4 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools&cCMDAYS-2005, Berhampore University, Berhampore, Orissa, India, August 29-31,2005•B Pahari, K Ghoshray, R Sarkar, B Bandyopadhyay, A Ghoshray, 51 V NMR study in SrNi 2 V 2 O 8(Poster)•R Sarkar, B Pahari, B Bandyopadhyay, K Ghoshray, A Ghoshray, 27 Al NMR in PrNi 2 Al 5 (Poster)7th INCOVP Conf, Isik University, Istambul, Turkey, September 5-9, 2005•Bikas K Chakrabarti, Fractal Overlap Model of Earthquakes50th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium (DAE, India), Bhabha Atomic ResearchCentre, Mumbai, India, December 5-9, 2005•R Sarkar, A Ghoshray, B Pahari, B Bandyopadhyay, K Ghoshray, 27 Al NMR in ternary intermetallicPrNi 2 Al 5 (Poster)•B Pahari, K Ghoshray, R Sarkar, B Bandyopadhyay, A Ghoshray, Dynamics in S=1 quasi onedimensional antiferromagnet SrNi 2 V 2 O 8 via 51 V NMR (Poster)•Chandan Mazumdar, Asok Poddar, Studies of transport properties of Sr 2 Fe 1−x Mn x MoO 6•Asok Poddar, Chandan Mazumdar, A Rahaman, B Chattopadhyay, Pseudogap studies inTl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ superconductorsTopical conference on Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (YC-2005), IACS,Kolkata, India, December 13-15, 2005•Prakiti R Bangal and AI Jaman, Collisional line boarding studies of ‘pure’ nuclear quadrupolehyperfine transition (HFS) of CH 3 I by infrared radiofrequency double resonance spectroscopy•PR Varadwaj and AI Jaman, Microwave spectrum and quadrupole coupling constants of 3-chlorobenzonitrileModels of Earthquake: Physics Approaches (MoE 05) (Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics), Kolkata, India, December 13-16, 2005•SN Karmakar, A Das, AK Sen, B Bal, BK ChakrabartiInternational Conference on MEMS and Semiconductor Nanotechnology (AdvancedTechnology Centre, IIT, Kharagpur), IIT, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB, India, December20-22, 2005•Soumik Mukhopadhyay, I Das, Spin polarized non-tunneling emission in nano-granular half-meta

Condensed Matter Physics 137•Soumik Mukhopadhyay, I Das, Bias and temperature induced inversion of junction magnetoresistancein magnetic tunnel junctions with pinhole shortNational Symposium on Spectroscopy and its applications (NSSA-2006), IACS,Kolkata, India, January 18-20, 2006•PR Varadwaj and AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectrum of chlorocyanoacetylene (ClCCCN) observedin a DC glow dischargeIndo-Japan Joint seminar on Giant-magnetoresistive materials and their electronicstructure, IISc, Bangalore, India, January 29-February 02, 2006•Indranil Das, Spin Dependent Transport & Novel Phenomena in half-metallic Manganite Nanostructures(Invited)•Chandan MazumdarInternational Workshop on the Physics of Zero and One Dimensional Nanoscopic Systems(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), Kolkata, India, February 1-9, 2006•SN Karmakar, Persistent current in mesoscopic normal metal rings (Invited)POLYMER 2006 IACS, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India, February 10-12, 2006•Sanjib Maji, Soumik Mukhopadhyay, Indranil Das, Rupali Gangopadhyay, Amitabha De, CoulombGap Influencing Electrical Conduction in Doped Poly Ethylene Dioxy Thiophene (Poster)International Symposium: New Horizons of Astrochemistry and Laboratory Spectroscopy,Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan, March 15-17, 2006•AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectrum of halogen cyanides observed in a DC glow dischargeEuropean Union Comm. meeting, Torino, Italy, March 27-28 , 2006•Bikas K Chakrabarti, Possible Collaborations in Interdisciplinary StudiesNational Workshop on Measurements & Characterization of Magnetic Materials (MagneticSociety of India, DMRL Hyderabad and SINP, Kolkata), SINP, Kolkata, India,April 20-21, 2006•Indranil Das, Magnetocaloric Effect in Rare-earth Compounds (Invited)•Asok Poddar(Co-convenor), Fundamentals of SQUID and VSM (Invited)•Chandan Mazumdar, Application of High Magnetic Field (Invited)International Conference of Nanoscience and Technology (IIT, Delhi), Indian HabitatCentre, Delhi, India, March 16-18, 2006•I Das, Anis Biswas, Charge Ordering in Pr 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 Nanoparticles (Poster) (Invited)•Soumik Mukhopadhyay, I Das, Ballistic transport in Magnetic tunnel junction and Inverse TunnelMagnetoresistance (Poster)•Sanjib Maji, Anis Biswas, I Das, Magneto-transport Properties of Fe-DopedNanocrystallinePr 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 (Poster)Workshop on Measurement and Characterization of Magnetic Materials (Saha Instituteof Nuclear Physics, Magnetic Society of India), SINP, Kolkata, India, April20-21, 2006•Bilwadal Bandyopadhyay, Magnetic characterization of materials using nuclear magnetic resonance

138 Biennial Report 2005-07and Mossbauer spectroscopy (Invited)Int Workshop on Statistical Physics of Mechanics, Grasse, French Riviera, France,June 21-23, 2006•Bikas K Chakrabarti, Fracture Dynamics & FBM Models (set of Lectures)5th APFA Meeting, Torino, Italy, June 29-July 1, 2006•Bikas K Chakrabarti, Kinetic Exchange Models of Wealth DistributionsInternational Conferemce on Lasers and Nanomaterials ( 150 years Celebration ofUniversity of Calcutta) (University of Calcutta), SINP, Kolkata, India, November 30-December 2, 2006•B Roy, S Das, Effect of particle size on the spin transition in La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 (Poster)7th Asian International Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Physics, IIT, Chennai,India, December 4-7, 2006•AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of transient molecules of chemical and astrophysical interest(Invited)51st DAE Solid State Physics Symposium (DAE, India), Barkatullah University,Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, December 26-30, 2006•Bilwadal Bandyopadhyay, Bholanath Pahari, Kajal Ghoshray, Magnetization and NMR studies ongranular FeCu alloy (Poster)•Indranil Das, Novel phenomena related to low field magnetoresistance in magnetic nanostructures(Invited)Asia-Sweden Research Link Conference on Magnetism in Materials (SN Bose NationalCentre for Basic Sciences, India & Uppsala University, Sweden), SN Bose NationalCentre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, WB, India, January 8-10, 2007•Indranil Das, Magnetism and Charge Ordering in Manganite Nanoparticles (Invited)XVI National Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics, TIFR, Mumbai, January8-11, 2007•AI Jaman, Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of DC discharge produced halogen cyanides (Invited)Asian-Sweden workshop, SN Bose Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India, January9-11, 2007•R Ranganathan, Antiferromagnetism in pervoskite materials (Invited)First Asian Spectroscopy Conference (ASC-2007), IISc, Bangalore, IISc, Bangalore,January 29-February 3, 2007•AI Jaman, Rotational spectrum of Propyne observed in a DC glow dischargeWorkshop on Electronic Structure of Emerging Materials: Theory & Experiment (SNBose Nationnal Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata & Max-Plank Institute FKF, Germany),Lonavala, Mumbai, India, February 7-10, 2007•Indranil Das, Spin dependent transport in half-metallic nanostructure (Invited)

Condensed Matter Physics 139Recent Trends in Condensed Matter Physics: A one-day seminar to mark the 108thbirth, IACS, Kolkata, India, December 4, 2006•Indranil Das, Novel phenomena related to low field magnetoresistance in magnetic nanostructures(Invited)4.5 Teaching elsewhereBikas K ChakrabartiQuantum Statistical Mechanics (12 lectures each) M Sc(General), March-May 2005, March-May2006, March-May 2007, Presidency College, Kolkata, IndiaCondensed Matter Physics (12 lectures each) M Sc(Part II; Coop. Phen. & etc; Special) March-May 2005, March-May 20064.6 Seminars given elsewhereBikas K Chakrabarti•Two Fractal Overlap Model of Earthquake Dynamics, Department of Physics, University of Tokyo,Tokyo, Japan, July 4-5, 2005•Quantum Annealing, Complex Systems Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan, 6-15July, 2005•Computations Using Quantum Antiferromagnets, IIT Kharagpur, March 6-8, 2007Indranil Das•Spin Dependent Transport & Novel Phenomena Related to Low Magnetic Field Sensor, IOP,Bhubaneswar, IOP, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, February 13, 2006R Ranganathan•MRSI medal lecture 2007 ( Materials Research Society of India)- NPL New Delhi 11-14th Feb2007K Ghoshray•The Recent NMR Findings on Magnetic Materials, at SINP, Defence metallurgical research laboratory(DMRL), Hyderabad, November 17, 20064.7 MiscellanyPrabhat MandalVisited the Leibniz Institute for Solid State Physics, Dresden, Germany on deputation for threemonths (September 5 to December 3, 2006) under the INSA-DFG Exchange of Scientists Programme

140 Biennial Report 2005-07Chandan MazumdarVisited Techniche Universität Dresden, Germany (September-November, 2005)4.8 External CollaboratorsAli, Mahammad, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,West Bengal, IndiaArumugam, S, High Pressure Low TemperatureLab, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaArunan, E, IISc, Bangalore, India Behr, G,IFW-Dresden, GermanyBera, AK, Solid State Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, IndiaBernhard, C, Max Planck Institute for SolidState Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569Stuttgart, GermanyBhattacharjee, Subhro, IISc, Bangalore, IndiaBhowmik, RN, PU,Biswas, SK, Geological Servey of India, DK-6,Kolkata 700 091, IndiaBoothroyd, AT, Department of Physics, ClarendonLaboratory, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1, United KingdomChakravarty, D, International Advanced ResearchCentre for Powder Metallurgy & NewMaterials, Hyderabad, IndiaChakrabarti, Haimanti, Bidhannagar College,Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChandrasekaran, V, Defence Metallurgical ResearchLaboratory, Hyderabad, IndiaChatterji, T, Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156,38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceChattopadhyay, B ,Lady Brabourne College,Kolkata, India,Choudhury, P, Central Glass and Ceramic ResearchInstitute, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road,Calcutta 700 032, IndiaDamljanovic, V, Max Planck Institute for SolidState Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569Stuttgart, GermanyDattagupta, Sushanta, Indian Institute of ScienceEducation and Research, Block-HC, SaltLake, Kolkata, IndiaDe Raychaudhury, Molly, SN Bose NationalCentre for Basic Science, Block-JD, Sector-III,Salt Lake, Kolkata, IndiaDupuis, Nicolas, CNRS, Paris, FranceFauth, F, European Synchrotron Radiation ResearchFacility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex,FranceFigge, H Mayer, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl fur Analytischie Chemie, Bochum,GermanyFrontzek, M, TU-Dresden, GermanyGopalan, R, Defence Metallurgical ResearchLaboratory, Hyderabad, IndiaGupta, A UGC-DAE Consortium for ScientificResearch, Khandawa Road, Indore, IndiaGupta, LC, Max-Planck, Dresden, GermanyHiess, A, ILLHono, K, National Institute for Materials Science,1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305 0047, JapanHossain, Z, IIT, Kanpur, IndiaKawai, Yoshinobu, 2Interdisciplinary GraduateSchool of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu, JapanKeimer, B, Max Planck Institute for SolidState Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569Stuttgart, GermanyKosa, M, ILLKreyssig, A, TU-Dresden, GermanyKrimmel, A, Experimental Physics V, Centre forElectronic Correlations and Magnetism, AugsburgUniversity, D-86159 Augsburg, GermanyLoewenhaupt, M, TU-Dresden, GermanyLoidl, A, Experimental Physics V, Centre forElectronic Correlations and Magnetism, AugsburgUniversity, D-86159 Augsburg, GermanyMaity, Dipankar, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,West Bengal, IndiaManivannan, N, High Pressure Low TemperatureLab, School of Physics, BharathidasanUniversity, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaManivel, M, Defence Metallurgical Research

Condensed Matter Physics 141Laboratory, Hyderabad, IndiaMichor, H, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaMydeen, K, High Pressure Low TemperatureLab, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaNagarajan, R, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaPandey, D, Institute of Technology, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi, IndiaPrabhakaran, D, Department of Physics, ClarendonLaboratory, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1, United KingdomPrager, M, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science,GermanyRamakumar, R, Department of Physics and Astrophysics,University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007,IndiaRao, NV Rama, Defence Metallurgical ResearchLaboratory, Hyderabad, IndiaRay, Ambarish, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,West Bengal, IndiaReddy, VR UGC-DAE Consortium for ScientificResearch, Khandawa Road, Indore, IndiaRiley, D, School of Engineering, The Universityof Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW2308 AustraliaRotter, M, U Wien, Vienna, AustriaSaha-Dasgupta, Tanusri, SN Bose National Centrefor Basic Science, Block-JD, Sector-III, SaltLake, Kolkata, IndiaSen, Pintu, VECC, Kolkata, India,Sharma, RK, Solid State Physics Laboratory,Lucknow Road, Timar Pur, New Delhi 110054,IndiaSheldrick, WS, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl fur Analytischie Chemie, Bochum,GermanySil, S, Department of Physics, Visva Bharti, Santiniketan731 235, India Sundaresan, R, InternationalAdvanced Research Centre for PowderMetallurgy & New Materials, Hyderabad, IndiaTripathi,Saurabh, Institute of Technology, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi, IndiaUlrich, C, Max Planck Institute for SolidState Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569Stuttgart, GermanyVanji, MK, High Pressure Low TemperatureLab, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaVoigt, J, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, GermanyYusuf, SM, Solid State Physics Division, BhabhaAtomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India

142 Biennial Report 2005-07

5 Material PhysicsIn Surface Physics Division several interesting research results have been obtained infield of (a) physical properties of low-dimensional systems provided by nano-structuredmaterials like nanowires and nanoparticles (b) physics of ion-surface interactions and(c) synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering studies of surfaces and interfaces. Theswitching transition of resistance in conducting polymer nanowires shows the evidenceof Wigner crystallization. Ferromagnetic ordering in dilute magnetic semiconductorscan be tuned by varying the doping concentration of substitutional Mn ions. The heterogeneityof magnetic ordering in Gadolinium stearate LB films is the result of theinterplay between in-plane exchange term and magnetocrystalline anisotropic interactionsinduced by out-of-plane easy axis. An ordered Au-organic clusters layers has beenfound to form at the toluene-water interface. The dewetting mechanism can be exploitedto form interesting nanostructures of Au-thiols monolayer on a Si substrate. The selfassembledgrowth of monodispersed Au nanoparticles in polystyrene film is attributedto lower cohesion between the gyration spheres. The non-Fickian diffusion processes isfound to make influence on the swelling dynamics in PAM films. On the other hand,the room-temperature diffusion of Au into Si depends substantially on the degree ofoxidation of the interface. It is possible to load a large amount of Er in polymer matrixby ion implantation through the formation of a carbonaceous network at the surface inview of its potential application in optoelectronic systems. Non-linear optical responsesin the nanosecond time domain have been observed for Cu-nanocluster-glass compositessynthesized by ion implantation. Ion implantation can also enhance the surface hardnessas observed by low energy oxygen implantation in Al films. The critical incidenceangle for 90 ◦ rotation of ripple pattern in a number of thin metal films formed by lowenergy ion beam sputtering is determined and compared with the SRIM simulation.The measured thermal diffusion rate for the formation of metallic ripples is ∼10 −28cm 4 /s, whereas the enhancement of diffusion in the case of Si ripples is attributed tothe creation of vacancy clusters. X-ray elemental mapping of the Si ripples shows thatthe bombarding species are embedded mostly in the front faces of the ripples.In the Plasma Physics Division significant progress has been made both in preperation ofncDLC (nanocrystalline Diamond Like Carbon) samples and their characterization. Aninternational conference was organised on this topic which was attended by experts inthis area including medical practioners. The linear magnetised plasma device is almostcomplete and will be commissioned soon for plasma experiments. Nonlinear dynamicsexperiments in the complex Plasma device have been carried out and new experimentson noise induced resonance will be carried out soon. Planning and designing work for143

144 Biennial Report 2005-07the XIth five year plan is in progress . Theoretical work on various aspects of plasma dynamics:wake fields, Astrophysical Plasmas, dusty plasmas, Geodesic Acoustic modes,plasma relaxation, Nonlinear MHD (Magnetohydrodynamics) etc. have been exploredin detail and some more in progress.5.1 Surface Physics5.1.1 Low-dimensional Properties5.1.1.1 Observation of charge density wave characteristics in conducting polymernanowires: Possibility of Wigner crystallizationLow temperature transport study of polypyrrole nanowires shows characteristics of charge densitywaves. The current-voltage characteristics of all these nanowires show a power-law dependenceon voltage and temperature and a “gap” that decreases rapidly with increase in temperature,confirming the existence of long-range electron-electron interaction in the nanowires. A switchingtransition to highly conducting state has been observed above a threshold voltage, which can betuned by changing the diameters of the nanowires and the temperature. Negative differentialresistance and enhancement of noise have been observed above the threshold. These experimentalresults give evidence of Wigner crystallization in these nanowires.Atikur Rahman, Milan K SanyalSP5.1.1.2 Enhancement of electron-electron interactions in chemically synthesized polymernanowiresComparison of electronic transport properties of conducting polymer nanowires synthesized bychemical and electrochemical method inside nanopores has been made. Electronic transport propertiesof these nanowires show a power-law behavior (I V) at low temperature. Chemically synthesizednanowires exhibit higher values of and these values increase further as the diameter ofnanowires are increased. Zero bias differential conductance of chemically synthesized nanowire ismuch lower than the electrochemical one and both the sample shows increase in zero bias differentialconductance with increasing diameter and also with increasing temperature. These resultsindicate enhancement of electron-electron interactions in chemically synthesized nanowires.Atikur Rahman, Milan K SanyalSP5.1.1.3 Novel switching transition of resistance observed in conducting polymernanowiresA novel switching property of conducting polymer nanowires is observed at low temperature. Thechange in resistance was found to be more than three orders of magnitude and the threshold voltage(current) can be tuned by playing with the diameter and/or temperature.

Material Physics 145Fig.5.1.1.3. We have observed [Rahman and Sanyal, Adv. Mater. 19, 3956 (2007);Phys. Rev. B 76, 045110 (2007)] a novel switching transition to highly conducting statein conducting polymer (Polypyrrole) nanowires - the threshold voltage (current) of theobserved transition can be easily tuned by changing diameter of nanowires and/or temperature.Negative differential resistance, enhancement of noise above the threshold andseveral other similarities with sliding motion of charge density wave (CDW) observedin structurally ordered systems indicate formation of Wigner crystals in these wiresThe switching mechanism observed in this structurally disordered material is found to be similarto that of charge-density-wave systems observed in nanowires of crystalline substances.Atikur Rahman, Milan K SanyalSP5.1.1.4 Ferromagnetism in Zinc sulfide nanocrystals: Dependence on manganese concentrationFerromagnetic ordering in nanocrystallites of dilute magnetic seminconductors (DMS) arises dueto fascinating interplay of carrier concentration, randomness of magnetic impurity sites and sizeinduced quantum confinement. We have studied magnetization behavior of ZnS nanoparticles( 2.5nm) by varying doping concentration of substitutional Mn ions that occupy cationic sites.For doping above 1.5%, these nanoparticles show intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering marked by giantZeeman splitting below 30K. The change in coercive field HC exhibited T temperature dependenceexpected for non-interacting nanoparticles. The values of blocking temperature TB and HC are

146 Biennial Report 2005-07found to maximize for a Mn doping level of 2.5%.Indranil Sarkar, Milan K Sanyal, Sojiro Takeyama†SP5.1.1.5 Magnetic ordering induced spin selective energy transfer to Mn states inferromagnetic Mn doped ZnS nanoparticlesThe ferromagnetic Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles show a strong effect of magnetic ordering on PLintensity indicating magnetic ordering induced spin selective energy transfer to Mn states fromexcitonic level. The 2.5% Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles show strong quenching of PL intensitywith application of magnetic field that vanishes above the ordering temperature TC. The extent ofsuppression under magnetic field is reduced as the magnetic ordering temperature is approachedand vanishes above TC. Also the zero field PL intensity decreases as the temperature is reducedbelow TC however above it there is no such observable thermal dependence upto 60K.Indranil Sarkar, Milan K Sanyal, Sojiro Takeyama†SP5.1.1.6 Formation and ordering of gold nanoparticles at toluene-water interfaceWe performed synchrotron X-ray scattering study of formation and ordering of gold nanoparticlesat toluene-water interface through a reduction reaction. The observed X-ray reflectivity and diffusescattering data showed the formation of monolayer of ”magic clusters” at the water-toluene interface.Each cluster consisted of 13 nanoparticles with about 12Ådiameter, similar to Au-55 nanoparticles,with about 11Åorganic layer and in-plane cluster-cluster separation in this monolayercomes out to be 180ÅMonolayer of these clusters exhibited three layers of such Au nanoparticlesas a function of depth that evolve with time from a monolayer of similar particles.Milan K Sanyal, Mrinal K Bera, J Daillant†, CNR Rao†SP5.1.1.7 Vibration controlled synthesis of formation of monolayer of gold nanoparticlesat toluene-water interfaceGold nanoparticles can be prepared by reduction reaction at toluene-water interface by properchoice of chemicals. We obtained a route, by reducing mechanical vibrations, using an anti-vibrationtable a monolayer of monodisperse Au-55 gold nanoparticles at the toluene-water interface.. Westudied the time evolution of films of nanoparticles formed at the toluene-water interface both ona simple table and an anti-vibration table using tapping mode of Atomic Force Microscopy. Wefound thicker multilayer films of gold nanoparticles i.e. 12 nm in 15 minutes using the simple tablecompared to that of 2.3 nm with anti-vibration table.Mrinal K Bera, Milan K Sanyal, CNR Rao†SP

Material Physics 1475.1.1.8 Contact Resonance Imaging using Atomic Force MicroscopyWe have shown that one can determine local elastic properties of surfaces using contact resonanceimaging ie., Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy (AFAM) and ltrasonic Atomic Force Microscopy(UAFM). Both these techniques are combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and acousticwaves.Fig.5.1.1.8. AFAM image showing in (a) stiff (bright) and soft (dark) stripe regions andin (b) the stiff (dark) and soft (bright) stripe regions. (c) and (d) shows the schematicrepresentation of the PZT unit cell.We have used commercial piezoelectric PZT, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramic, to elucidate the capability ofthe these techniques to image the distribution of local stiffness over the sample surface. We haveshown both the techniques give similar results. We have shown for the first time that UAFM givescontrast inversion images.S Banerjee, N Gayathri†, S Dash†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†SP5.1.1.9 Mapping conductivity of Graphene Sheets using conducting tip AFMConductive tip of Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) has been used to map the local conductivityof graphene sheets. It has been observed that the conductivity of graphene sheets is higher whenthey are loosely bound to the underlying bulk graphite.

148 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.5.1.1.9. (a) Line profiles of the conductance current of the lines marked A andB, respectively, in the inset. Inset: conductance map showing top layer having highconductance, the intermediate step showing intermediate conductance and the lowestlayer showing lowest conductance. Bright current streaks appearing on certain edgesare shown by an arrow. (b) Conductance map of a single ribbon edge containing twotypes of edges labeled A (armchair) and Z (Zigzag).It has also been observed that zig-zag edges show sharp rise in current than the arm-chair edgesindicating enhanced electronic density of states at the Fermi energy of the zig-zag edges than thearm-chair edges.S Banerjee, N Gayathri†, S Dash†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†SP5.1.1.10 Physics and chemistry of photocatalytic titanium dioxide: Visualization ofbactericidal activity using atomic force microscopy (AFM)When titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is exposed to near ultraviolet light, it exhibits strong bactericidalactivity. Anatase phase of TiO 2 film was prepared by anodizing pure titanium coupons (substrate).With the formation of a thin film of TiO 2 , we observed strong bactericidal activity.

Material Physics 149Fig.5.1.1.10a. Photocatalytic property of the semiconductor TiO 2(a)(b)Before irradiationAfter irradiationFig.5.1.1.10b. Visualization of bactericidal activity using atomic force microscopyBactericidal activity was attributed to the well-known photocatalytic property of the semiconductorTiO2 as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 2(a) we show bacteria on TiO 2 films and upon exposure to nearultraviolet light we observe the bactericidal activity using AFM in fig. 2(b).S Banerjee, Judy Gopal†, P Muraleedharan†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†SP

150 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.1.11 Detecting onset of chain scission and crosslinking of γ-ray irradiated elastomersurfaces using frictional force microscopyWe have reported that atomic force microscopy (AFM) in frictional force mode can be used todetect the onset of chain scission and crosslinking in polymeric and macromolecular samples uponrradiation. A systematic investigation to detect chain scission and crosslinking of two elastomers,(1) ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and (2) fluorocarbon rubber, upon γ -ray irradiationhas been carried out using frictional force microscopy (FFM). From the AFM results we observedthat both the elastomers show a systematic smoothening of its surfaces, as the γ -ray dose rateincreases.Fig.5.1.1.11. Analysis scheme based on histogram technique proposed by us to semiquantitativelycharacterize frictional coefficient of the sample surface using FFM for theelastomer samples.However, the frictional property studied using FFM of the sample surfaces show an initial increaseand then a decrease as a function of dose rate. This behaviour of increase in its frictional propertyhas been attributed to the onset of chain scission, and the subsequent decrease in friction has beenattributed to the onset of crosslinking of the polymer chains.S Banerjee, NK Sinha†, N Gayathri†, D Ponraju†, S Dash†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†SP5.1.1.12 Polarized Neutron Reflectivity measurements on Gadolinium stearateLangmuir-Blodgett films at Milli-Kelvin temperaturesWe studied the nature of heterogeneity of magnetic order and measured zero-field cooled (ZFC)and field cooled (FC) magnetization of Godolinium stearate Langmuir-Blodgett films. The ZFC

Material Physics 151magnetization data, extracted from polarized neutron reflectivity curves, exhibit a continuous increasein in-plane Bohr-magneton value per gadolinium-ion with temperature with well definedmaxima at around 100mK and data in spin-flip channel do not show corresponding decrease below100mK. This result makes the Berezinskii-Kostrerliz-Thouless transition insignificant here and isconsistent with the model proposed earlier that suggested interplay between in-pane exchange termand magnetocrystalline anisotropic interactions induced by out-of-plane easy axis.Sirshendu Gayen, Milan K Sanyal, Max Wolff†, Hartmut Zabel†SP5.1.2 Soft Matter5.1.2.1 Au-thiols monolayer on solid substrates: structure and stabilityNearly monodisperse and stable thiol encapsulated Au (Au-thiols) nanoparticles can be synthesizedchemically, which show interesting properties. However, when such system is transferred orplaced on solid substrate, reorganization can take place depending upon film-substrate interaction.Time-evolution XRR measurements and derived EDP indicate that the monolayer structure of theAu-thiols film is not very stable on Si substrate. Increase in thickness as well as roughness is evidentfrom the analysis. As there is no chemical interaction between the substrate and nanoparticles,dewetting seems to play a dominant role. Initial dewetting probably starts due to water evaporation,which persists for about 10-20 hours. However, even after water evaporates, the nanoparticleshave a tendency to reorganize themselves to form interesting structures, such as disks, rings orbroken chains as have been observed by AFM.R Banerjee, S Hazra, MK SanyalSP5.1.2.2 Relaxation study of Langmuir monolayerLangmuir monolayer is a fascinating example of 2-dimensional system, which is however, thermodynamicallymetastable. The study of relaxation, combining macroscopic and microscopic information,can elucidate the processes involved in such system. The pressure relaxation (i.e. π − tcurves for constant area) and the area relaxation (i.e. A − t curves for constant pressure) of preformedfatty acid salt, namely ferric stearate show the presence of three distinct relaxation time.XRR analysis of the transfer monolayer, on the other hand, suggest that the first two relaxationtime (a few minutes and tens of minutes) can be associated with the reorganization of molecules inLangmuir monolayer, while the last one (nearly thousands of minutes) is due to the global materialloss or desorption. It seems that the molecules move from the lower molecular layer to the uppermolecular layer with changing ‘asymmetric’ to ‘symmetric’ molecular configuration under area relaxation.While in the pressure relaxation the reverse process takes place, i.e., the molecules fromthe upper molecular layer come down to the lower molecular layer with changing their molecularconfiguration.Sarathi Kundu, A Datta, S HazraSP

152 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.2.3 Titanium-rich highly ordered mesoporous silica synthesized by using a mixedsurfactant systemA new titanium-rich highly ordered 2-D hexagonal mesoporous titanium silicate has been synthesizedusing a mixture of cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and non-ionic (Brij-35,C 12 H 25 -(OC 2 H 4 ) 23 -OH, a polyether and aliphatic hydrocarbon chain surfactant) mixed surfactantsystem as the supramolecular structure directing agent (SDA) in the presence of tartaric acid(TA) as a mineralizer of Ti(IV). XRD, N2 adsorption and TEM data suggested the presence ofmesophase with hexagonal pore arrangements and the UVvisible, FT IR and XPS studies suggestedthe incorporation of mostly tetrahedral titanium (IV) species in the highly ordered silica network.This mesoporous titanium silicate material showed excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in theepoxidation of styrene using dilute aqueous H 2 O 2 as oxidant.M Mukherjee, Debraj Chandra†, Nawal Kishor Mal†, Asim Bhaumik†SP5.1.2.4 Nitrogen mediated interaction in polyacrylamide-silver nanocompositesPolyacrylamide (PAM)-silver nanocomposite materials have been synthesized by reduction of silversalt in polyacrylamide matrix. Silver nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix, observedthrough TEM, suggests attractive polymer-particle interaction. Detailed spectroscopic investigationshave been carried out on the nanocomposite samples using a range of techniques to understandthe nature of the interaction. The XPS core level spectra and FTIR results indicate that the nanoparticlesare attached to the pendant group of the polymer through physical interactions. XPSValence band study confirms that the interaction between the polymer and the silver nanoparticlesoccur through partial charge transfer from the metal particles to the nitrogen sites of the polymerside chains. The modifications associated with the silver nanoparticles are mainly due to confinementeffects.Subhrangsu Mukherjee, M MukherjeeSP5.1.2.5 Effect of solvent-polymer interaction in swelling dynamics of ultra-thin polyacrylamidefilms: A neutron and X-ray reflectivity studyThe swelling dynamics of the ultra-thin polyacrylamide (PAM) spin-coated films in saturatedvapour of D 2 O and H 2 O were studied using neutron and X-ray reflectivity. A uniform scatteringlength density (SLD) profile represents the dry PAM films, whereas the SLD profiles correspondingto the swelled films were characterized with a decreasing solvent concentration along the filmthickness from top surface to the film/substrate interface. The diffusion mechanism of D 2 O intothe films was found to be a non-Fickian process, as the D 2 O diffusion coefficient was observed to bedecreasing as a function of film thickness. The thickness dependent structural changes in the drypolymer films were suggested from the increased density of thinner films. The diffusion coefficientof polymer chains in the solvent on the contrary was independent of film thickness. A different

Material Physics 153nature of D 2 O-PAM interaction (stronger) as compared to H 2 O-PAM interaction was found to playa crucial role on the diffusion of polymer, where the diffusion coefficient of the chains was an orderof magnitude higher in D 2 O as compared to that in the H 2 O. A lower value of the excluded-volumeparameter in case of D 2 O also indicates stronger monomer-solvent interactionM Mukherjee, Amarjeet Singh, J Daillant†, Alain Menelle†, F Cousin†SP5.1.2.6 Neutralization kinetics of charged polymer surfaceIn case of photoemission spectroscopy of an insulating material the data obtained from the chargedsurface are normally distorted due to differential charging. Recently we have developed a controlledsurface neutralization technique to study the kinetics of the surface charging. Using this techniqueand the associated data analysis scheme with an effective charging model, quantitative informationfrom the apparently distorted photoemission data from PTFE surfaces were extracted. The surfacecharging was controlled by tuning the electron flood current as well as the X-ray intensity. The effectivemodel was found to describe the charging consistently for both the cases. It was shown thatthe nonlinear neutralization response of differential charging around a critical neutralizing electronflux or a critical X-ray emission current was due to percolation of equipotential surface domains.The obtained value of the critical percolation exponent close to unity indicates a percolation similarto that of avalanche breakdown or chain reaction.Subhrangsu Mukherjee, M MukherjeeSP5.1.2.7 Preparation, Characterisation and Performance of Polysulfone Polypyrrolemembrane in the separation of ionsApart from the electronic properties, conducting polymers are usable in the membrane based separationscience. Evidences are there that the conducting polymers have the potentiality in theselective ion transport in electrical field. Poor mechanical strength of the conducting polymersrestricts their applications in various areas. One of the approaches to increase the applicabilityof conducting polymers is the preparation of composites. Here, in this case we have coupled thePolypyrrole with the polysulfone in composite. Polysulfone is one of the classical polymers for thepreparation of polymeric asymmetric porous membranes by the phase inversion method.S Kundu, A Bhattacharya†SP

154 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.2.8 Rare earth implatation in polymeric thin films deposited on silicon substarteErbium ion implantation in polystyrene thin films has been performed with 40 and 60 keV ions to adose range between 1 × 10 14 and 1 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . The X-ray reflectivity technique was appliedto determine the ion-induced eroded layer thickness and interestingly, the erosion rate is found todecrease with increasing ion doses exhibiting simple power law behavior of the form (dose) −b . Wepropose the formation of a carbonaceous network at the top surface, which seems to prevent furthererosion of the polymer with increasing the duration of implantation time. These findings mayopen up a possibility of loading a large amount of erbium in a polymer matrix by the implantationtechnique to make it suitable for various optoelectronic applications.M Bhattacharyya, MK Sanyal, TK Chini, P ChakrabortySP5.1.2.9 Morphology of Au nanoparticles formed by magnetron sputtering: ellipsoidsand ringsUltraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray reflectivityhave been used to study morphology of Au nanoparticles grown by direct current (DC)magnetron sputter deposition on hard (glass) and soft amorphous (polystyrene films on quartz)substrates. Au nanoparticles are found to be ellipsoidal showing an increase in ellipticity ǫ [= a/b,a(b)= semimajor (semiminor) axis] with decrease in polystyrene film thickness from 250 to 20 nm,where b remains almost invariant around 3 nm. They sit on top of the film with the semimajor axesroughly parallel to film surface. On glass, the Au film was probed at different stages of growth.After an initial period (1 min) of spheroid nanoparticle formation by dewetting, the coverage wascomplete (as observed from Au optical spectra) and partially wetting islands appeared after 2 minon the Au covered glass surface. After 5 min, these islands formed rings resembling quantum rings.The rings broke up again into islands after 10 min.Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Subhendu Sarkar, Alokmay Datta, Purushottam ChakrabortySP5.1.2.10 Effect of Polymer Confinement: Tuning Self-Assembled Growth of MonodisperseAu Nanoparticles on Polystyrene FilmsX-ray reflectivity and tapping mode atomic force microscopy reveal that, Au, sputter-depositedon polystyrene films for film thickness ≤ R g (R g being unperturbed polymer gyration radius), diffuseand coalesce slowly, under ambient conditions and predominantly along the polymer surface,to form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are highly monodisperse, and their in-plane dimensionsincrease with decrease in polystyrene film thickness. The observed directed coalescence is causedby sharply defined, higher surface energy zones ortraps, corresponding to lower cohesion, betweengyration spheres on polystyrene film surface. Lowering of in-plane cohesion and coalescence arefound only when gyration spheres are layered along film depth due to thinning of the polystyrenefilm. The coalescing potential of these traps is given by the spatially localized increase in surface

Material Physics 155energy and can be increased by confinement. This fact is the principle behind this tunable selfassembly- a new and generalized mode of self-assembly of Au nanoparticles with monodispersityand tunability in size.Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay DattaSP5.1.2.11 Reversible buckling in monolayer of gold nanoparticles on water surfaceFormation of condensed films of nanoparticles having small ratio of metal-corediameter to organicshell-thicknessis desired for several applications in nanotechnology. We report here results of aX-ray scattering study carried out to understand structure and morphology of monolayer of suchnanoparticles having gold-core and thiol-shell directly on the water surface before the monolayerundergoes a continuous transition to a bilayer. Our results demonstrate buckling of the monolayerover a large surface pressure range (1 to 15 mN/m). The buckled state exhibits reversibility ondecompression and can be annealed with temperature. We also show that condensed monolayerfilms of nanoparticles can be formed by annealing the buckled monolayer before transferring tosolid substrates.Mrinal Kanti Bera†, Milan Kumar Sanyal, Sudipta Pal, Jean Daillant†, Alokmay Datta, GiridharU Kulkarni†, Daniel Luzet†, Oleg Konovalov†SP5.1.2.12 Intramolecular and Intermolecular Rearrangements in NanoconfinedPolystyreneVacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals an intramolecular rearrangement involving a change inphysical dimers of adjacent pendant benzene rings of atactic polystyrene (aPS) from oblique tohead-totail (ht) configuration in aPS films spin coated on fused quartz, as film thickness R goesbelow 4R g (R g = unperturbed polystyrene gyration radius ≃ 20.4 nm). Simultaneously, transverselayering of molecular gyration spheres, for film thickness R ≤ 4Rg, causes an increase in free energy(reduction in cohesion) that follows a (R g /R) b dependence with b ≃ 3, a clear deviation from planarconfinement. The variation of in-plane and outof- plane cohesive energy over a film of a giventhickness is explained by invoking a fixed-range, repulsive, modified Pöschl-Teller intermolecularpotential, with the strength of this potential decreasing with increase in R. Possible reduction ofdimer dipole moment due to ht configuration is consistent with reduction of cohesion between aPSmolecular gyration spheres.Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay Datta, Angelo Giglia†, Nichole Mahne†, Avijit Das, StefanoNannarone†SP

156 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.2.13 Relating structure with morphology: A comparative study of perfect LangmuirBlodgett multilayersAtomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity of metal-stearate (MSt) Langmuir Blodgett films onhydrophilic Silicon (100), show dramatic reduction in pinhole defects when metal M is changed fromCd to Co, along with excellent periodicity in multilayer, with hydrocarbon tails tilted 9.6 ◦ fromvertical for CoSt (untilted for CdSt). Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) andFourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopies indicate bidentate bridging metal-carboxylatecoordination in CoSt (unidentate in CdSt), underscoring role of headgroup structure in determiningmorphology. FTIR studies also show increased packing density in CoSt, consistent withincreased coverage.Smita Mukerjee, Alokmay Datta, Angelo Giglia†, Nichole Mahne†, Stefano Nannarone†SP5.1.2.14 Role of supramolecular interaction in Cobalt stearate Langmuir-BlodgettA study of preformed cobalt stearate (CoSt) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on quartz substratesshowed no multilayer formations as compared to the excellent multilayers of the same depositedby the usual (normal) LB technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies of preformed CoSt(bulk) confirmed acid to salt conversion and showed bidentate bridging coordination of cobalt withthe carboxylate group. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of thepreformed salt showed formation of a Volmer-Weber type monolayer. FTIR spectra of preformedCoSt indicate existence of a particular headgroup conformer state. Similar studies on the normalCoSt films revealed almost perfect multilayers with good out of plane crystallinity, near perfectdefect free morphology and bidentate bridging coordination. Along with metal-ion headgroup coordination,supramolocular interactions occurring during transfer process at the air/water interfaceis proposed to play a key role in deciding headgroup conformer state, leading to defect-free multilayerformation.Smita Mukerjee, Alokmay DattaSP5.1.2.15 Self-assembly of a Two-dimensional Au-nanocluster Superlattice and ItsPhotoluminescence SpectraAbout 100 nm thick films of a PDMS elastomer were spin-coated from n-heptane solution ontoquartz substrates, cured at 120C for 12 h and stamped with DVD polycarbonate surfaces denudedof their protective coverings to produce a two-dimensional lattice. Dodecanethiol-capped Au nanoparticles(diameter 2nm) were prepared through reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate. Thestamped substrates were dipped in toluene solution of thiol-capped Au nanoparticles and driedunder ambient conditions for 5 days, whereupon a lattice (300nm×300nm×90nm) of monodispersenanoparticle clusters self-assembled, occupying holes in the template. The nanoparticle clusters

Material Physics 157quench the photoluminescence bands of the blank PDMS lattice.Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Rabibrata Mukherjee†, Alokmay Datta, Abhijit Saha†, Ashutosh Sharma†,Giridhar U Kulkarni†SP5.1.3 Metallic Systems5.1.3.1 Search for the optimum Ru content in PtRu catalysts for ethanol electrooxidationfor fuel cell applicationsThis work relates to the search for the optimum Pt:Ru catalyst composition for electro-oxidationof ethanol in acid medium. The structure, composition and electrochemical activity for ethanoloxidation of electrodeposited PtRu catalysts are investigated and characterized by a combination ofmicroscopic/spectroscopic methods (TEM, EDX, XRD, XPS) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry,polarization, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance) measurements. The catalyticactivity of PtRu electrodeposits towards ethanol oxidation is found to be strongly dependent onthe Ru content. It is observed that the ethanol adsorption peak potential shows subtle shifts withvarying Ru content, with the most negative potentials reached at low Ru content of ca.15 at. %.As borne out by the lowering of the onset potential of ethanol electro-oxidation and chronoamperometricexperiments, the highest catalytic activity is also observed for 12-15 at. % Ru containingelectrodes. In view of these observations it may be stated that Ru does not solely promote ethanoloxidation via the bifunctional mechanism but the dissociative adsorption of ethanol is also favouredby the presence of Ru. A study of the temperature dependence of ethanol oxidation in the range of100-700 C afforded the determination of the activation energies on Pt and PtRu catalyst formulations.The appearance of an inductive loop in the Nyquist plots has been interpreted as arising outof the CO oxidation step becoming rate limiting for the overall reaction sequence. An understandingof the influence of ethanol concentration on the electro-oxidation process, such as the determinationof apparent reaction order, is achieved through voltammetry in the ethanol concentration range of0.1 1.0 M.M Mukherjee, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, S Sen Gupta†, J Datta†SP5.1.3.2 Mass Dependent Ion beam modification of a bilayered film systemEspecially designed multilayered structures exhibit many novel properties which are governed bytheir structures, dominantly by their interface. Controlled ion irradiation can modify the surfaceand interfaces in a favourable manner than high vacuum annealing. X-ray reflectivity and AFMstudies reveal that for highly immiscible Co/Ag bilayers, irradiated at lower dose, the interfacebecame sharp and the electron density of the constituents is higher than as grown samples. Highvacuum annealing leads to surface as well as interface roughening.S KunduSP

158 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.3.3 On the rotation of ripple-pattern in ion sputtered thin metal filmsThe sputter ripple formation in polycrystalline metal thin films of Al, Co, Cu, Ag, Au and Pt hasbeen studied by 16.7 keV Ar + and O + 2 ion bombardment as a function of angle of ion incidence.The experimental results show the existence of a critical angle of ion incidence (θ c ) beyond whichthe ripples of wave vectors perpendicular to the projected ion beam direction appear. The angle θ cseems to be not much dependent on the target/projectile mass ratio and the beam energy chosenin the present study. Monte-Carlo simulation (SRIM) was carried out to calculate the depth,longitudinal and lateral straggling widths of energy deposition. It is found that the radial energyspread of the damage cascade follows an exponential decay rather than the Gaussian distribution.Assuming this energy spread corresponds to the transverse width of the Gaussian ellipsoid ofBradley-Harper theory, one can predict with reasonable accuracy the critical incidence angle ofripple rotation.P Mishra, D GhoseSP5.1.3.4 The energy dependence of sputtering induced ripple topography in Al filmSputtering by off-normal ion bombardment of solid targets frequently leads to the development ofperiodically modulated structures (ripples) on the eroded surface. The ripple topography providesinsight about the nature of diffusion mechanisms in the topography evolution. In the present work,the wavelength and the amplitude of the ripples formed on O + 2 and O+ sputtered aluminum filmsat ambient temperature are measured as a function of bombarding energy in the range 5-24 keVper O atom. The results show that the wavelength varies weakly with energy. It is concluded thatthermally activated diffusion is the probable relaxation mechanism for room temperature rippleformation in metals. The diffusion rate in Al is estimated to be ∼ 10 −28 cm 4 /s, which shows aslight energy dependence attributing to the increase of steady-state diffusing adatom yield as afunction of projectile energy.P Mishra, D GhoseSP5.1.3.5 Interfacial role in room-temperature diffusion of Au into Si substratesThe study of diffusion of Au into Si substrate has longstanding interest in device fabrications.Although extensive work has been carried out at elevated temperatures, not much work has beendone to study the initial interfacial role in the formation of thin Au-Si diffuse layer at room temperature,which is of immense interest not only to produce control diffused junctions in silicon atvery shallow depth from the surface for the newly developed devices but also for the understandingof the morphological stability of the grown low-dimensional structures due to the diffusion even at

Material Physics 159room temperature. Time-dependent diffusion of Au into different pretreated Si substrates has beenstudied using X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Fig.5.1.3.5. (a) SEM images after diffusion: top and cross-sectional view along withEDP. (b) Diffused amount (M) and length (L) of Au in differently pretreated Si substratesas a function of time. Inset: evolution of surface roughness (σ). (c) AFM images(scan size: 500 nm), showing topography after diffusion (maximum height variation: z m )Apparent non-Fickian-type time dependence in the diffusion, as shown in the figure, has been quantitativelyexplained by Fickian diffusion of Au through changing unblocked interfacial layer.JK Bal, S HazraSP5.1.3.6 Role of ceramic matrix and Au-fraction on the morphology and optical propertiesof co-sputtered Au-ceramic thin filmsSurface sensitive X-ray scattering studies were carried out to understand the morphology of cermetthin films, prepared by co-sputtering metallic gold and ceramic materials on float glass substrates.It has been observed that, nearly isotropic growth of Au-clusters, to form nanoparticles, is found insilica and alumina matrices, while anisotropic columnar like growth of Au-clusters, to form nanorodlikeshape, is found in titanium oxide matrix. Volume fraction of Au estimated from the electrondensity profile suggests that even the sputtering yield of Au is very much different in presence ofdifferent ceramic atmosphere, which is likely to be responsible for having different morphology ofAu-clusters in different matrices. Optical absorption spectra of the films, on the other hand, showlinear dependence of the absorption peak position with volume fraction of Au and independent ofboth ceramic matrix and morphology of Au-clusters.S Hazra, A Gibaud†, C Sella†SP

160 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.3.7 The hardness study of oxygen implanted aluminum thin filmsSurface mechanical properties of metals are known to be dramatically modified by ion implantation.Implantation changes the composition and chemical bond structure of the target surface region toa depth comparable to the projectile range. In this work, effects of mass analyzed low energy O + 2implantation in thin Al films on the hardening and microstructure have been studied by nanoindentingatomic force microscopy (AFM). The fluence range was 1 x 10 17 1 x 10 18 O atoms/cm 2 . Amaximum increase of hardness about 90% of the implanted samples is observed. Apparently thereis no significant variation in the hardness values within the range of ion fluences investigated here.Fig.5.1.3.7. Typical AFM image of an array of nanoindentations on the 16.7 keV O + 2implanted Al sample at a fluence 1 × 10 18 O atoms/cm 2 . The applied loads are 74,82, 95 and 98µN, respectively (from right to left). The light area around the edges oftriangle is the piled-up material. The section analysis along the indicated line showsthe variations of the indentation depth at the above mentioned loads.It is supposed that tiny Al 2 O 3 precipitates behave as obstacles hindering the motion of dislocationsthereby leading to surface hardening. Finally, the surface roughness is found to decrease considerablyby oxygen irradiation.P Mishra, D GhoseSP5.1.3.8 Structural and Magnetic Property study of Magnetic MultilayersMagneto resistance (MR) of magnetic multilayers (ML) e.g of immiscible of Co/Ag is appreciable.As MR is highly dependent on film thickness and interface structure, [Co/Ag]n are prepared andthere are studied with X-ray reflectivity and AFM and magnetic measurements are made withSQUID. Some initial results are obtained and more systematic studies will be carried out with nextproject student.S KunduSP

Material Physics 1615.1.3.9 Structural and magnetic property study of Transition metal doped oxidesTransition metal doped oxides have attracted considerable interest as promising diluted magneticsemiconductors owing to the possibility of inducing room temperature ferromagnetism for advancedspintronics applications. Thin films will be grown by sputtering ZnO and Co simultaneously andalso sequentially. Structural studies will be carried out with X-ray reflectivity, SEM-EDAX andXRD and magnetic measurement will be carried with SQUIDS KunduSP5.1.3.10 Linear and nonlinear optical absorption in copper nanocluster-glass compositesCopper nanoclusters have been formed in fused silica glasses under 100 keV and 200 keV Cu +ion implantations. UV Vis spectroscopy measurements have revealed prominent linear absorptionbands at characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency signifying the appreciableformation of copper colloids in glass matrices even without thermal treatments. Ion-induced colloidformation in glasses without thermal treatments is probably the first time observation in thepresent study. Subsequent annealing of the implanted samples has resulted in the further enhancementof the absorption bands. Formation of copper nanoclusters without thermal annealing can beattributed to the relatively high mobility of copper atoms even at ambient conditions. The transmittancemeasurements made by Z-scan technique have revealed saturable absorption signifyingthe nonlinear optical responses of the metal nanocluster-glass composites.Binita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Satyabrata Mohapatra†, Pushpa Ann Kurian†, C Vijayan†SP5.1.3.11 Secondary ion mass spectrometry of MCsn + molecular ion complexesExcellent detection sensitivity, high dynamic range and good depth resolution make the SIMS techniqueextremely powerful for the analysis of surfaces and interfaces. However, a serious problem inSIMS analysis is its matrix effect that hinders the quantification of a certain species in a sampleand consequently, probing the composition of surfaces or interfaces by SIMS is greatly hindered.Appropriate corrective measures are therefore, needed to calibrate the secondary ion currents intorespective concentrations for accurate compositional analysis. Working in the MCs + -SIMS mode(M element to be analyzed, Cs + bombarding ions) can circumvent the matrix effect. The quantitativepotential of the MCs + -SIMS method is understood by assuming that an MCs + ion isgenerated by the combination of a secondary neutral M0 atom with a re-sputtered Cs + ion in thenear-surface region. The emission process for the species M0 is thus decoupled from the subsequentMCs + ion formation process, in analogy with the ion formation in secondary neutral massspectrometry (SNMS), resulting in a drastic decrease in matrix effect. Although this technique hasfound its applicability in direct quantification, it generally suffers from a low useful yield. In such

162 Biennial Report 2005-07cases, detection of MCs + n (n = 2,3,. . .) molecular ions offers a better sensitivity as the yieldsof such molecular ion complexes have often been found higher than that of MCs + ions. This istrue in most of the cases where the elements are strongly electronegative with respect to cesium.Several works have been reported on the emission of MCs + n molecular ions in the SIMS process, buta complete understanding on the formation mechanism of these ion complexes is still lacking. Thekinetic energy distributions of secondary MCs + n molecular ion complexes has been found to be aneffective approach to estimate the local instantaneous surface work function changes under varioussurface exposure conditions, thereby enabling one to elucidate on the probable formation mechanismsof these molecular complexes from their emission dynamics. The present paper addresses abrief review on the MCs + n molecular ion complexes that are emitted in the SIMS process, includingvarious phenomenological approaches on the subject.Biswajit Saha, Purushottam ChakrabortySP5.1.3.12 On the formation mechanism of MCs + 2environmentmolecular ions under varying oxygenFormation of MCs 2 + molecular ions under Cs + bombardment of silver surface has been investigatedin the SIMS process under varying oxygen environments. Energy distributions of MCs+ and MCs 2+ions have shown a remarkable dependence on the changing oxygen environment. The changes inthe intensities of the above molecular species are attributed to the changes in the resputtered Cs +intensity due to the decrease in the local surface work function. The MCs + molecular ion hasbeen found to form via the recombination of a neutral Mo atom with a Cs + ion and its formationprobability remains unaffected by changing oxygen environment. A systematic study on the kineticenergy distributions of secondary Cs + , Cs 2 + , MCs + and MCs 2 + ions and the estimation of themean emission energies of various constituents participating in the respective formation processesconfirm that the MCs 2 + molecular ion formation via recombination of a neutral MCs ◦ moleculewith a Cs + ion is the most probable one.Biswajit Saha, Purushottam ChakrabortySP5.1.3.13 Silver Diffusion in SiCThis is a work connected with PBMR (pebble bed modular reactor) project of Pretoria University,South Africa. It concerns the optimization in the design parameters of multilayer-coated HTGR(high temperature gas cooled reactor) nuclear fuel particles. The core of the particle, i.e. fuelkernel of 300-500 micrometer diameter, consists of UCO- a mixture of UO 2 (uranium dioxide) andUC 2 (uranium carbide) phases distributed throughout the kernels. The presence of UC 2 serves toreduce the oxygen potential within the kernel, thereby reducing the tendency for SiC damage dueto oxidation. UC 2 reduces the gas pressure generated as a result of oxygen release from UC 2 followingfission; therefore, the tendency for fuel failures due to kernel migration and excessive internal

Material Physics 163pressure are reduced. These fuel kernels are surrounded by pyrolytic carbon buffer layer, an innerpyrolytic carbon layer, a SiC (silicon carbide) layer, an outer pyrolytic cabon layer and a protectivepyrolytic carbon layer with several coating layers, in between. The coated fuel particle is a highlysophisticated fission product containment system with a design based on empirical and mechanisticjustifications. The fission products (one of them is 109 Ag which is converted to radioactive 110 Agthrough neutron capture) are leaked through these coated layers and therefore, the transport ofthese fission products through SiC is now a challenging problem especially for radioactive wastemanagement. The present work concerns the behavior and mechanisms of Ag transport through4H, 6H SiC (hexagonal) and beta-SiC (fcc structures) at high temperatures (2000-2700 ◦ C). Weare using AES, SEM, RBS and SIMS techniques, together with computer simulation, for analysisand diffusion coefficients measurements for silver in SiC and graphites at various temperatures.Purushottam Chakraborty, Johan Malherbe†SP5.1.3.14 Surface studies of binary beryllium tungsten mixed materials in view of firstwall materials in a fusion deviceBoth Be and W are planned as wall materials for ITER. Although these materials will dominatethe ITER first wall, and despite the fact that their interaction during operation will be dominatedby surface processes, mostly bulk material data on the BeW binary system are available. Thisarticle describes investigations of thin films of Be deposited on W, the inverse system (W films onBe), as well as experiments where W surfaces are exposed to a Be-seeded deuterium plasma. Theformed alloy phases Be 2 W and Be 12 W are identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)and depth profile data both from sputter-XPS and MeV ion beam analysis are discussed. Theplanned application of both metals beryllium and tungsten together as first wall materials of thenext step fusion device ITER is based on the foreseen advantageous properties of these metals forthe respective locations in the plasma vessel. Erosion, transport, and redeposition of both materialsduring operation will lead to transport of elements onto surfaces of different materials. Due tokinetic energy of impinging particles and elevated wall temperatures, alloys and compounds consistingof elements present will be formed. These mixed materials exhibit strongly altered physicaland chemical properties compared to the intended properties of the pure elements which were originallyinstalled. Of all binary systems considered in previous studies, beryllium tungsten receivedleast attention although Be W alloys bear the potential of drastically reduced melting temperaturescompared to pure W. For the formation of a binary Be W alloy, two possible scenarios canbe envisaged in a fusion device: deposition of tungsten on beryllium surface or vice versa. In thiswork we investigate both Be films deposited on W substrates and the reverse system (W films onBe substrates), as well as the interaction of a Be-seeded deuterium plasma with W substrates. Theinteraction of the depositing pecies with the substrate is determined by the kinetic energy of the incomingparticle and by the substrate temperature. Therefore, in the experiments with thin surfacelayers (Be/W and W/Be), thermal treatments are carried out in vacuum. Subsequently, the surfaceis investigated by ion beam accelerator-based techniques (Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy,RBS, and nuclear reaction analysis, NRA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By XPSanalysis, additional chemical information on the formed Be phases is gained. The W layers whichwere exposed to Be-seeded plasmas are also analyzed in their chemical and elemental composition

164 Biennial Report 2005-07by NRA and XPS. The observations are discussed in order to assess the risks and consequences ofthe Be W alloy formation in a fusion device which employs both metals as first-wall materials.Ch Linsmeier†, SR Bhattacharyya, K Ertl†, J Roth†, A Wiltner†, K Schmid†, F Kost†, M Baldwin†,RP Doerner†SP5.1.3.15 Growth and melting of silicon supported silver nanocluster filmsThin films of the mass or size selected Silver nanoclusters deposited on Si substrates at low impactenergies (0.7 eV/atom) are studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM) along with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). The nanoclusters areproduced by DC magnetron sputtering followed by gas aggregation in a dense buffer gas (Argon).These clusters were treated with rapid thermal annealing that gives an idea about the melting andevaporation mechanism of silver nanoclusters. Subsequent annealing of the grown silver film allowsone to analyze the structure of the film and the character of its evolution. The growth of thinfilms by the nanoclusters is explained by 3D growth-mode. The morphological modifications of thefilms are discussed with the existing understanding like DLA and DDA models. Evidences of meltingand evaporation are obtained at annealing temperatures well below the melting temperatureof bulk silver. At room temperature, deposited clusters are distributed randomly, and annealingof the film leads to joining of clusters-monomers in non-compact clusters. At high temperatures,evaporation of clusters takes place. Parameters of the processes like size-dependent melting temperatureof silver nanoclusters, the binding energies of solid and liquid clusters under considerationare estimated. The growth process leads to formation of the individual aggregates consisting ofsolid clusters-monomers, with porous structures. This reconstructuring process is of importance inantibacterial covering of surface by solid silver clusters.SR Bhattacharyya, D Datta, I Shyjumon†, BM Smirnov†, TK Chini, D Ghose, R Hippler†SP5.1.3.16 Atomic depth profiles of Au, Ni and Ar directly extracted from Rutherfordbackscattering data of co-sputtered and Ar-irradiated Au-Ni filmsCo-sputtered Au-Ni thin films having thickness of 30 nm were deposited on Si(100) substrates andirradiated with 160 keV 40 Ar + under ambient condition at a number of fluences and analyzed usingRutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The variation of Au signal counts in the RBS spectrawith ion dose has been investigated. The distribution of Au, Ni and Si atoms over various depthswithin the as deposited and irradiated samples have been computed using the backscattering databy means of a direct analytical method. Au and Si profiles have been fitted with error function andthe relative changes in variance for various ion fluences compared to that of as deposited profileshave been studied. It has been observed that the changes of variances, ∆σ 2 with dose follows alinear relationship up to a certain ion fluence which yields mixing rates of 6.88 ± 0.77 and 9.34 ±0.43 nm 4 for Au and Si, respectively. The lowering of ∆σ 2 values ahead of a critical dose can beexplained by the formation of Au-Ni-Si composite at the surface from which elements are sputtered

Material Physics 165out evenly which is further supported by variation of Au counts in RBS spectra with ion dose.D Datta, SR BhattacharyyaSP5.1.4 Semiconductor Materials5.1.4.1 Electrical conductivity of cellular Si/SiC ceramic composites prepared fromplant precursorsElectrical conductivity (σ dc ) of the cellular Si/SiC ceramic composites has been measured overa temperature range 25-1073 K while the thermoelectric power has been measured over 25-300K. Remarkably, these cellular compounds developed through biomimetic route where the ceramicsystem grows within a plant bio-template retaining the imprint of structural intricacies of the nativetemplates are found to exhibit excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties quitecomparable to or even better than those of the systems prepared through conventional ceramicroute. The electrical conductivity, measured parallel (σ ‖) and perpendicular (σ ⊥) to the growthaxes of the native plants, depicts nearly temperature-independent anisotropy (σ ‖ /σ ⊥) of theorder ∼2 while the thermoelectric power is nearly isotropic. The charge conduction across theentire temperature regime is found to follow closely the variable range hopping mechanism. Theconductivity anisotropy appears to be driven primarily by the unique microcellular morphology ofthe bio-templates which can be exploited in many electrical applications.M Mukherjee, Debopriya Mullick†, Omprakash Chakrabarti†, Dipten Bhattacharya†SP5.1.4.2 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on core-shell structured nanocompositesCore-shell nanostructures were grown in silica-based glasses. Coppercopper oxide and ironironoxide structures had diameters in the range 36 nm, with shell thicknesses 12 nm. Silverlithiumniobate core-shell nanostructures had diameters in the range 4.246 nm and thicknesses varying from2.2 to 22 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out on all these specimens.The analyses of these results show the presence of Cu + /Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and Nb 4+ /Nb 5+ valencestates in the above three systems. Electrical resistivity data were fitted satisfactorily to the smallpolaron hopping model in the case of copper and iron-containing specimens. The presence of ionsin the lithium niobate shell provides direct evidence of the formation of localized states betweenwhich variable range hopping conduction can be effected.M Mukherjee, S Basu†, B Ghosh†, D Chakravorty†SP

166 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.4.3 STM-tip-induced electromigration: nanodot and nanowell formationFormation of dots and wells of Si in the nanometer length scale are observed on the Si surface underapplication of STM tip-induced-high-field in an ultrahigh vacuum condition. Inward (outward) migrationof Si close to the STM tip from (towards) the surroundings is evident from the STM imagesfor the formation of such nanostructural dots (wells). The formation of different nanostructures,through electromigration, from apparently similar conditions suggest the strong role of the shapeof the STM tip and the local morphology and/or dielectric properties of the Si surface, as thoseparameters determined the actual strength and direction of the field for the mass to flow. Timeevolution STM measurements provide the stability information of those nanostructures.R Banerjee, S HazraSP5.1.4.4 Initiation of ion-beam-induced nanopatterns on Si(001) surfaceThe diffusion process on Si(001) in presence of 5 keV Ar + ion-beam have been investigated bymonitoring initiation of ripple-pattern formation. The morphology of the surface obtained bySTM measurements in UHV conditions were characterized using the height-difference correlationfunction. These measurements clearly show formation of nanostructured ripple patterns havingwavelength ∼60 nm and height ∼0.32 nm at 200 ◦ C. The results demonstrate that ion-beam inducedand thermal diffusions cannot be treated as additive processes and the observed enhancementof surface diffusion requires lowering of activation energy that arises due to creation of ion-beaminduced vacant regions.R Banerjee, S Hazra, MK SanyalSP5.1.4.5 X-ray elemental mapping of Ar-ion-induced rippled surface in Si using energydispersive X-ray (EDS) spectrometryWe have measured spatial distribution of Ar atoms on the rippled surface generated on Si undergoing60 keV Ar bombardment at 60 ◦ angle of ion incidence. Elemental mapping and line scans usingenergy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) attached in a scanning electron microscope (SEM)confirmed that subsequent to the inter-peak shadowing of incident ion flux, most of the argonatoms are incorporated around the middle part of the front slope of ripple facing the ion beam ascompared to the rear slope. The spatial extension of the argon rich phase amounts about half ofthe ripple wavelength.

Material Physics 167Fig.5.1.4.5. Spatial distribution of Ar atoms on the Ar ion induced Si surface ripplesThe experimentally observed compositional heterogeneity between the two faces of the ripples agreesreasonably good to the well known Monte Carlo ion simulator TRIM based theoretical calculations.DP Datta, TK ChiniSP5.1.4.6 Ion-beam-induced rippled amorphous-crystalline interface of siliconUsing grazing-incidence X-ray scattering technique the evolution of the damage profile of the transitionlayer between the ion-induced ripplelike pattern on top surface and the ripples at buriedcrystalline interface in silicon created after irradiation with 60 keV Ar + ions under 60 ◦ have beeninvestigated. The transition layer consists of a defect-rich crystalline part and a complete amorphouspart. The crystalline regions are highly strained but relaxed for low dose and high doseirradiations, respectively. The appearance of texture in both cases shows that the damage of the

168 Biennial Report 2005-07initial crystalline structure by the ion bombardment takes place along particular crystallographicdirections.TK Chini, S Hazra, MK Sanyal, J Grenzer†, U Pietsch†SP5.1.4.7 Sputtering and desorption from SiO 2 surfaces bombarded by highly chargedXe q+ (q = 21,36) ions at an energy of 3 MeV/uRecently, the interaction of swift heavy ions with insulating surfaces has attracted researches in thefield of ion-solid interaction phenomena. At high velocities, the electronic energy loss and excitationare dominant, but on the other hand atomic displacements due to electronic energy-transfersare less probable as compared to nuclear energy-loss events. Following the primary interaction aconversion of these excitations into atomic motion and materials modifications may result. Thebehaviour of thin insulating oxide layers (e.g., BeO) under irradiation by highly charged swift heavyions has revealed interesting results pointing to more than a single sputtering mechanism. In thisstudy, we report on the results of an experiment to investigate the secondary-particle emission froman oxidized Si(111) surface under bombardment with highly charged 129 Xe q+ ions at energies of 3MeV/u. The experiment was performed at one of the beam lines of the Heavy Ion Cyclotron of theHahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, using a UHV chamber that is equipped with a number of sources anddetectors as analytical tools for in-situ measurements. This particular experiment was aimed atusing a quadrupole mass-spectrometer (Hiden HAL IV EQS System) to analyse the mass spectraand energy distributions of secondary particles emitted from the bombarded sample. Prior to theactual experiment the mass spectrometer was optimized and calibrated so that mass and energyspectra of sputtered and desorbed species could be obtained in various modes of operation. A dataacquisition system was also developed for in-situ measurements.The oxydised Si sample convertedinto SiO 2 on its surface was bombarded by highly charged Xe-ions. The energy distributions ofpositive and negative species sputtered/desorbed from the insulating surface are compared withthose obtained from sputtered particles from the same SiO 2 surface bombarded by 2.2 keV and4.5 keV Ar + ions. Moreover, the projectile charge-states of Xeq+ where increased from q = 21 to36 exhibiting an increase in emission intensities for the masses 1, 16, 32 (hydrogen and oxygen),whereas mass 28 (silicon) is unaffected by this rise of incident charge states.SR Bhattacharyya, G Schiwietz†SP5.1.5 Developmental Activities5.1.5.1 Development of beam line for INDUS II synchrotron at RRCATWe are developing a beam line for the upcoming synchrotron at RRCAT, Indore, since 2001. Thefacility will be used for different kinds of surface scattering measurements from solid as well asliquid surface. The available energy range for the experiments will be 5-20 KeV. We have gonethrough the different stages of the project such as, optical designing of the beam line, procurement

Material Physics 169of various components from Indian and international vendors, manufacturing of components at ourworkshop and development of control software etc. We have received the delivery of most of thecomponents. Partial testing of the components also has been done successfully. We are expectingto install the beam line at Indore very soon.MK Sanyal, S Bhunia, KSR Menon, S Banerjee, Subir Roy, Avijit Das, M Mukherjee, S Hazra, ADatta, Sushanta BanerjeeSP5.1.5.2 Installation of a precision ion etching and coating system (PECS)To characterise the morphology of a surface with scanning electron microscope (SEM) it is veryoften required to clean the top surface by gentle ion beam etching to remove the dirt particles oroxide layer either for improving the image quality or acquiring a electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) pattern. In other situation to avoid charging phenomena while taking SEM image of abad conductor it is necessary for an ultrathin coating of some conducting materials, like C or Pt.For this purpose we have installed a precision ion etching and coating system procured from GatanInc, USA. The facility can deliver Ar ion beam of energy 1-10 keV with several hundred microampscurrent required for etching a surface and can coat a surface with C, Pt, Cr and Au-Pd alloy witha thickness from few Angstrom to several nanometers.Tapas Kumar Chini, Subir Roy, Souvik BanerjeeSP5.1.6 Publications5.1.6.1 Volumes EditedPurushottam Chakraborty (Ed), Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 80 (IoP, UK, 2006)5.1.6.2 Publications in Edited VolumesBinita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Third-Order Optical Susceptibility of Metal NanoclusterglassComposites, in Current Topics in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, (World Scientific,Singapore, 2006) p237S Banerjee, Structural characterization of ultra thin films using specular X-ray reflectivity technique,in Advanced X-ray Techniques in Research and Industry, Ed AK Singh, (Capital PublishingCompany, New Delhi, 2006) p172

170 Biennial Report 2005-075.1.6.3 Papers in Journals2005S Banerjee, M Sardar†, N Gayathri†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†, Conductivity landscape of highlyoriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces containing ribbons and edges, Phys Rev B72 (2005) 075418S Banerjee, N Gayathri†, S Dash†, AK Tyagi†, Baldev Raj†, A comparative study of contactresonance imaging using atomic force microscopy, Applied Physics letters 86 (2005) 211913M Bhattacharya, MK Sanyal, T Geue†, U Pietsch†, Glass transition in ultra-thin polymer films: athermal expansion study, Phys Rev E71 (2005) 041801Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, A Datta, Localization of Excitons by Molecular Layer formation in aPolymer Film, Phys Rev B72 (2005) 099539Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay Datta, Morphological changes of Au nanoparticles in Aupolystyrenenanocomposites: A combined spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray scatteringstudy, Synth Met 155 (2005) 365A Datta, S Kundu, MK Sanyal, J Daillant†, DD Luzet†, C Blot†, B Struth†, Dramatic enhancementof capillary wave fluctuations of a decorated water surface, Phys Rev E71 (2005) 04160DP Datta, TK Chini, Spatial distribution of Ar on the Ar-ion-induced rippled surface of Si, PhysRev B71 (2005) 235308S Ghose†, A Gupta†, VR Rao†, V Ganesan†, M Gupta†, SA Khan†, S Kundu, N Kumar†, Probingthe Effects of SHI and Doping-Induced Defects in Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrites, Defect andDiffusion Forum 242-244 (2005) 255Sarathi Kundu, Alokmay Datta, Buckling, Bimolecular Layers and Anisotropic Arrays: Stagesin Langmuir Monolayer (LM) Collapse, J of Surface Science and Technology 21 (2005) 1MK Mukhopadhyay, MK Sanyal, A Datta, J Webster†, J Penfold†, Interplay between hydrophilicand hydrophobic interactions for deciding the molecular orientation in Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition,Chemical Physics Letters 407 (2005) 276S Pal, MK Sanyal, NS John†, GU Kulkarni†, Formation of rectifier with gold nanoclusters, PhysRev B71 (2005) 121404RMK Sanyal, MK Mukhopadhyay, RM Dalgliesh, S Langridge, Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Orderingin a Metal-Organic Multilayer Structure, International J of Nanoscience 4 (2005) 831Subhendu Sarkar, Alokmay Datta, Purushottam Chakraborty, Biswarup Satpati, Interfacedominatedgrowth of a metastable novel alloy phase, J of Materials Research 20 (2005) 2639Subhendu Sarkar, Alokmay Datta, Purushottam Chakrabrty, Formation of novel Cu 3 Au novel alloyphase under confinement, International J of Nanoscience 4 (2005) 1011

Material Physics 171Subhendu Sarkar, Purushottam Chakraborty, Instantaneous surface work function dependence ofMCs n + molecular ion emission under varying Cs environments, Nucl Instrum & Methods B232(2005) 153Subhendu Sarkar, Purushottam Chakraborty, Compositional analysis in the nano-regime: A SIMSperspective, J of Atomic and Molecular Physics 22 (2005) 393A Singh, M Mukherjee, Effect of Polymer-Particle Interaction in Swelling Dynamics of UltrathinNanocomposite Films, Macromolecules 38 (2005) 8795A Talapatra, SK Bandyopadhyay, P Sen, P Barat, S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee, X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy studies of MgB 2 for valance state of Mg, Physica C419 (2005) 141A Toma, F Buatier de Mongeot, R Buzio, G Firpo, SR Bhattacharyya, C Boragno, U Valbusa,Ion beam erosion of amorphous materials: evolution of surface morphology, Nucl Instrum & MethodsB230 (2005) 5512006S Banerjee, S Ferrari, R Piagge, S Spadoni, Electron density profile at the interface of SiO 2 /Si(00 1), Applied Surface Science 253 (2006) 17S Banerjee, Judy Gopal, P Muraleedharan, AK Tyagi, Baldev Raj, Physics and chemistry of photocatalytictitanium dioxide: Visualization of bactericidal activity using atomic force microscopy,Current Science 90 (2006) 1378S Banerjee, M Sardar, N Gayathri, AK Tyagi, Baldev Raj, Enhanced conductivity in graphenelayers and at their edges, Applied Physics Letters 88 (2006) 062111A Bharde, D Rautre, V Bansal, A Ahmed, I Sarkar, SM Yusuf, MK Sanyal, M Sastry,ExtracellularBiosynthesis of Magnetite using Fungi, Small 2 (2006) 135M Bhattacharya, MK Sanyal, Oxide Circle Formation at Silicon-Polymer Interface, Applied SurfaceScience 252 (2006) 8301M Bhattacharya, MK Sanyal, TK Chini, P Chakraborty, Low erosion behavior of polystyrene filmsunder erbium ion implantation, Applied Physics Letters 88 (2006) 071902M Bhattacharya, MK Sanyal, TK Chini, P Chakraborty, Unusual erosion behavior of Er - implantedpolymer thin films, Appl Phys Lett 88 (2006) 071902D Chandra, NK Mal, M Mukherjee, A Bhaumik, Titanium-rich highly ordered mesoporous silicasynthesized by using a mixed surfactant system, J Solid St Chem 179 (2006) 1801Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay Datta, Two-Dimensional Self-Organization of Gold Nanoparticleson Supramolecular Aggregates, J of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6 (2006) 1847

172 Biennial Report 2005-07S Chattopadhyay, S Sarkar, A Datta, P Chakraborty, Morphology of Au nanoparticles formedby magnetron sputtering: ellipsoids and rings, Surface Engineering 22 (2006) 208J Deiwiks, G Schiwietz, SR Bhattacharyya, G Xiao, R Hippler, Evidence for enhanced desorptionof hydrogen atoms from a Si(100) surface induced by slow highly-charged ions, Nucl Instrum& Methods B248 (2006) 253B Ganguly, N Djourelov†, T Suzuki†, S Kundu, Surface modification of mica due to titaniumsputtering as studied by positron annihilation, Appl Rad Isotopes 64 (2006) 651S Ghosh†, SA Khan†, V Ganesan†, S Kundu, R Bhattacharya†, Surface studies on 100 MeVAg7+ ions and 150 MeV Ni11+ ions irradiated nanocrystalline ferrite thin films, Nucl Instrum &Methods B244 (2006) 34S Grigorian, U Pietsch, J Grenzer, DP Datta, TK Chini, S Hazra, MK Sanyal, Micro-structuralanisotropy at the ion-induced rippled amorphous-crystalline interface of silicon, Appl Phys Lett 89(2006) 231915S Hazra, Morphology and structure of gold-lithium niobate thin film: A laboratory source X-ray scattering study, Appl Surf Sci 253 (2006) 2154S Kundu, A Datta, MK Sanyal, J Daillant†, DD Luzet†, C Blot†, B Struth†, Growth of bimolecularfilms of three-tailed amphiphiles, Phys Rev E73 (2006) 061602S Kundu, A Datta, S Hazra, Growth of a collapsing Langmuir monolayer, Phys Rev E73 (2006)051608S Kundu, A Datta, Fatty-acid monolayers and metal ions: First step towards a new look, Coll& Surf A289 (2006) 250S Kundu, Mass dependent surface interface modification of Ag/Co films under controlled ion beamirradiation, Nucl Instrum & Methods B242 (2006) 542P Mishra, D Ghose, Formation of nanoripples in Al films during O + 2(2006) 155427sputtering, Phys Rev B74P Mishra, P Karmakar, D Ghose, Electrical characterization of oxygen-induced nanosized rippleson aluminum thin films by conductive atomic force microscopy, Nucl Instrum & Methods B243(2006) 16P Mishra, D Ghose, The hardness study of oxygen implanted aluminum thin films, Surface &Coatings Technology 201 (2006) 965S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee, Nitrogen-mediated interaction in polyacrylamide silver nanocomposites,J Phys Cond Matt 18 (2006) 11233M Mukhopadhyay, MK Sanyal, Two-dimensional magnetic ordering in a multilayer structure, Pramana67 (2006) 207

Material Physics 173MK Mukhopadhyay, MK Sanyal, T Sakakibara†, V Leiner†, RM Dalgliesh†, S Langridge†, Polarizedneutron scattering and sub-Kelvin magnetization measurements in two-dimensional gadoliniumstearate Langmuir-Blodgett films, Phys Rev B74 (2006) 014402A Rahman, MK Sanyal, R Gangopadhyay, A De, I Das, Evidence of a ratchet effect in nanowiresof a conducting polymer, Phys Rev B73 (2006) 1253132007S Banerjee, NK Sinha, N Gayathri, D Ponraju, AK Tyagi, B Raj, Detecting onset of chain scissionand crosslinking of γ-ray irradiated elastomer surfaces using frictional force microscopy, J Phys D:Appl Phys 40 (2007) 834MK Bera, MK Sanyal, SS Pal, J Daillant, A Datta, GU Kulkarni†, D Luzet, O Konovalov, Reversiblebuckling in monolayer of gold nanoparticles on water surface, Europhysics Letters 78 (2007)56003Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay Datta, Effect of Polymer Confinement: Tuning Self-AssembledGrowth of Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles on Polystyrene Films, Macromolecules 40 (2007) 3313D Datta, SR Bhattacharyya, Interface alloying due to Kr-irradiation on Ni/Si system, Nucl Instrum& Methods B256 (2007) 248Binita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Satyabrata Mahapatra, C Vijayan, PC Deshmukh, PMazzoldi, Linear and nonlinear optical absorption in copper nanocluster-glass composites, MaterialsLetters 61 (2007) 4512J Gopal†, RP George†, P Muraleedharan†, S Kalavathi†, S Banerjee, RK Dayal†, HS Khatak,Photocatalytic inhibition of microbial fouling by anodized Ti6Al4V alloy, J Mat Sci 42 (2007) 5152J Grenzer, A Mandal, S Grigorian, U Pietsch, DP Datta, TK Chini, S Hazra, MK Sanyal, Hightemperatureinduced nano-crystal formationin ion beam-induced amorphous silicon riples, physicastatus solidi (a) 204 (2007) 2555NS John, GU Kulkarni†, A Datta†, SK Pati, F Komori, G Kavitha, C Narayana, MK Sanyal,Magnetic Interactions in Layered Nickel Alkanethiolates, Jounral of Physical Chemistry C111(2007) 1868Ch Linsmeier, K Ertl, J Roth, A Wiltner, K Schmid, F Kost, SR Bhattacharyya, M Baldwin,RP Doerner, Binary beryllium-tungsten mixed materials, J Nucl Mater 363-365 (2007) 1129A Majumdar, J Schäfer, P Mishra, D Ghose, J Meichsner, R Hippler, Chemical composition andbond structure of carbon-nitride films deposited by CH 4 /N 2 dielectric barrier discharge, Surface &Coatings Technology 201 (2007) 6437D Mallick, O Chakrabarti, D Bhattacharya, M Mukherjee, HS Maiti, R Majumdar, Electrical conductivityof cellular Si/SiC ceramic composites prepared from plant precursors, J Appl Phys 101

174 Biennial Report 2005-07(2007) 033707M Mukherjee, A Singh, Novel Structure and Swelling Dynamics of Nanocomposite Ultrathin Films,Phys Status Solidi B244 (2007) 928S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee, Controlled Surface Neutralization: A quantitative approach to studysurface charging in photoemission, J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 154 (2007) 90A Rahman, MK Sanyal, R Gangopadhyay, A De, Enhancement of electron-electron interactions inchemically synthesized polymer nanowires, Chemical Physics Letters 447 (2007) 268A Rahman, MK Sanyal, Observation of charge density wave characteristics in conducting polymernanowires: possibility of Wigner crystallization, Phys Rev B76 (2007) 045110A Rahman, MK Sanyal, Novel switching transition of resistance observed in conducting polymernanowires, Advanced Materials 19 (2007) 3956Biswajit Saha, Purushottam Chakraborty, On the formation mechanism of MCs 2 + N molecular ionsunder varying oxygen environments, Nucl Instrum & Methods B258 (2007) 246Biswajit Saha, Purushottam Chakraborty, Secondary ion mass spectrometry of MCs n + molecularion complexes, Nucl Instrum & Methods B258 (2007) 218I Sarkar, MK Sanyal, S Kar, S Biswas, S Banerjee, S Chaudhuri, S Takeyama, H Mino, F Komori,Ferromagnetism in zinc sulphide nanocrystals: Dependence on manganese concentration, Phys RevB75 (2007) 2244095.1.7 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &cShort Term Course on Materials Property and Characterization (MPC-06), NationalInstitute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, April 24-28, 2005•Purushottam Chakraborty, Ion Beam Analysis (Invited)•Purushottam Chakraborty, Nanomaterials and characterizations (Invited)European Material Research Society 2005 Spring Meeting, Strasbourg, France, May31-June 3, 2005•S Banerjee, Electron density profile at the interface of SiO 2 / Si(001) (Invited)•S Banerjee, Scientific Committee MemberSTIP course, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India, May-July 2005•S Banerjee, Scanning Probe Microscopy(Invited)STAM05, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India, July 27-29, 2005•S Banerjee, Scanning Probe Microscopy: Beyond Topography(Invited)2nd Workshop on Auxetics and Related Systems (Institute of Molecular Physics, Pol-

Material Physics 175ish Academy of Sciences), Bdlewo , Poznan, Poland, August 19-23, 2005•M Mukherjee, Amarjeet Singh, Novel Structure and Swelling Dynamics of Nanocomposite UltrathinFilms (Invited) [Physica Status Solidi B244 (2007) p928]ACTON 2005, IIT, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India, August 21-23, 2005•Smita Mukherjee, Alokmay Datta, Porosity and Surface Morphology of Bismuth Titanate FilmsGrown on Crystalline and Amorphous SubstratesXX Congress of the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr 2005), Florence,Italy, August 23-31, 2005•S Grigorian, U Pietsch, S Hazra, TK Chini, MK Sanyal, Ripple structure of ion-beam inducedSi wafers [Acta Cryst A61 (2005) C103]One-day Seminar on Physics of Materials (Materials Research Society of India, KolkataChapter and West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology), Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, India, September 19, 2005•Alokmay Datta (Organizer)Recent Advancements in Electronic Materials with special references to Ceramics(Govt College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology), Kolkata, West Bengal,September 24, 2005•Purushottam Chakraborty, Ion microbeam analysis of quantum structures (Invited)•Purushottam Chakraborty, Nonlinear optics of metal quantum dots (Invited)Third JSPS-DST Symposium on Surfaces and Interfaces for Nanostructured Materials(Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Department of Science and Technology,India), Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan, November 10-11, 2005•Alokmay Datta, The Metal-Organic Interface: Langmuir Monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett Filmsand Polymers (Invited)50th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai,India, December 5-9, 2005•I Sarkar, MK Sanyal, A Bharde, M Sastry, MD Mukadam, SM Yusuf, DC Magnetization studyof Biogenic Magnetite Ferrocolloids (Poster) [Proc DAE Solid State Physics Symposium, Vol-50,Eds VK Aswal, KG Bhushan, JV Yakhmi, ( Prime Time Eduction, Mumbai, 2005), p897]•R Banerjee, S Hazra, MK Sanyal, Morphology of thiol passivated gold nanoparticle films: UHV-AFM and X-ray reflectivity studies (Poster) [ibid p493]A Talapatra, P Das, SK Bandyopadhyay, Pintu Sen, S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee Assay of chargeof Mg in MgB 2 Superconductor (Poster) [ibid p651]•M Mukherjee, Amarjeet Singh, J Daillanti, Alain Menelle Neutron Reflectivity: A Probe to studyliquid sorption in polymer films (Poster) [ibid p521]•S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee, Study of differential charging in polystyrene by controlled surfaceneutralization technique(Poster) [ibid p173]•Binita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Optical absorption in Cu-implanted annealed and unannaledglasses (Poster)•S Banerjee, M Sardar, N Gayathri, AK Tyagi, Baldev Raj, Observation of conductivity differencein armchair and zigzag edges of graphene ribbon [ibid p197]•S Banerjee, NK Sinha, N Gayathri, D Ponraju, S Dash, AK Tyagi, Baldev Raj, Detecting chain

176 Biennial Report 2005-07scission, cross-linking and phase separation upon -ray irradiation on elastomers using frictionalforce microscope [ibid p369]•Biswajit Saha, Subhendu Sarkar, Purushottam Chakraborty, Combined effect of electropositiveand electronegative elements on the instantaneous local surface chemistry (Poster) [ibid p379]Topical Conference on Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (TC-2005), IACS,Kolkata, India, December 13-15, 2005•Purushottam Chakraborty, Third-order optical nonlinearities of metal nanocluster-glass composites(Invited)•Binita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Nonlinear optical responses in Cu-nanocluster glass composites(Poster)Commemorating the Year of Physics, Conference by Post Graduates Students (PhysicsDepartment, Bengal Science and Engineering University), Shibpur, West Bengal, India,December 20, 2005•Alokmay Datta (Judge)One-day Seminar on Recent Trends in Magnetism and Condensed Matter Physics,IACS, Kolkata, India, December 23, 2005•Purushottam Chakraborty, Nonlinear optical responses of metal quantum dots in glasses (Invited)SERC School on Condensed Matter Physics (SERC, DST), Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, January 2-31, 2006•Alokmay Datta, Thin Films and Multilayers (Invited)•Milan K Sanyal, Structure of Surfaces and Interfaces (6 lectures comprised of):(1)Scattering of X-rays and neutrons from surfaces (2 lectures)(2)Theory of X-ray reflectivity and neutron scattering (2 lectures)(3)Example of X-ray and neutron scattering (2 lectures))•Milan K Sanyal, Orginizer•S Banerjee, Scanning Probe Microscopy: Beyond Topography(Invited)•Rupak Banerjee, Sirshendu Gayen, Atikur Rahman, Indranil SarkarEPMDS (Electronic Science Department, Calcutta University), Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, India, January 12-14, 2006•Sudeshna Chattopadhyay, Alokmay Datta, Tuning Optical Absorption by ConfinementFebruary 10, 2006 Hundred Years of Journey from Valve to Quantum Dot, On the Occasionof 150 Years Celebration, Bengal Science and Engineering University, Shibpur,West Bengal, India, February 10, 2006•Alokmay Datta, Session ChairInternational Symposium on Nano-Bio Interface 2006, Saha Institute of NuclearPhysics, Kolkata, India, March 1-3, 2006•S Banerjee, Physics and Chemistry of photo-catalytic TiO 2 : Visualization of bactericidal activityusing AFM(Invited)16th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT 2006), Palais duPharo, Marseille, France, June 11-16, 2006

Material Physics 177•S Grigorian, J Grenzer, U Pietsch, MK Sanyal, TK Chini, S Hazra, Amorphization of ion-inducedsurface ripples in SiInternational Workshop on Ion Beam Studies of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, modificationsand characterization, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, June 26-July 1, 2006•Binita Ghosh, 3rd-order optical susceptibility in metal nanocluster-glass compositesAccelerator Users Workshop (IUAC), New Delhi, India, July 6-7, 2006•Purushottam Chakraborty, Session Chair16th International workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-16) (ViennaTechnical University), Hernstein, Vienna, Austria, September 17-23, 2006•Purushottam Chakraborty, Secondary ion mass spectrometry of MCs n + molecular ion complexes(Invited)8th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging (XTOP2006), Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden, Germany, September 19-22, 2006•S Grigorian, J Grenzer, A Biermanns, S Hazra, DP Datta, TK Chini, MK Sanyal, U Pietsch,Anisotropy of ion-induced amorphous-crystalline ripples in siliconOne-day Discussion Meeting on DAE-Initiative in Micro-Nano Technology and Science,Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, October 16, 2006•Purushottam Chakraborty, Molecular Beam EpitaxyWorkshop on Ion Beams in Nanotechnology and Possible Applications (IUAC), NewDelhi, October 31-November 1, 2006•Purushottam Chakraborty, Metal colloids in glasses synthesized by ion implantation (Invited)International Workshop on the Application of Nanocrystalline Diamond like CarbonMaterials (IWAncDLC-2006) (Saha Instutute of Nuclear Physics), Kolkata, November28-December 1, 2006•Purushottam Chakraborty, Ultrahigh depth resolution SIMS for interface compositional analysis(Invited) [Proc International Workshop onthe Application of Nanocrystalline Diamond like CarbonMaterials, Ed(s) Nihar Ranjan Ray, SINP, Kolkata, p247]•Purushottam Chakraborty, High depth-resolution SIMS analysis of quantum structures (Invited)•S Banerjee, D Bhattacharyya, Electronics and Quantum Chemistry of Graphene (Invited) [ProcInternational workshop on the application of nanocrystalline diamond and carbon materials, (2006)p259]•S Banerjee, Electronic and quantum chemistry of graphene(Invited)•D Ghose, Session ChairKS Krishnan Discussion Meeting on Frontiers in Quantum Science, The Instituteof Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, December 13-14, 2006•S Banerjee, Electrical properties of Graphene(Invited)7th Asian International Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Physics (AISAMP7) (InternationalCommittee of the Asian International Seminar on Atomic and MolecularPhysics), IIT, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, December 4-7, 2006

178 Biennial Report 2005-07•Binita Ghosh, Purushottam Chakraborty, Saturable absorption in gold nanocluster-glass composities(Poster)•Purushottam Chakraborty, ConvenerDAE Solid State Physics Symposium, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, December 26-30, 2006•S Mukherjee, M Mukherjee Neutralization mechanism of charged surface: A percolation transition[Proc DAE Solid State Physics Symposium, Ed(s) KG Bhushan, A Das and SK Gupta 51 (2006)p223]•K Debnath, S Banerjee, Lubricity of graphite: a simple histogram technique to estimate frictionalchanges using frictional force microscope [ibid p563]•K Bandyopadhyay, A Talapatra, P Sen, I Sarkar, S Banerjee, Vortex Phase and JC from magnetisationmeasurement of MgB2 prepared at ambient pressure [ibid p625]•AKM Maidul Islam, M Mukherjee Concentration depth profile from angle resolved XPS data(Poster) [ibid p497]•MH Mondal, M Mukherjee, Thermal treatment induced structural modification of ultrathin polymerfilms(Poster) [ibid p511]•P Mishra, D Ghose, Energy dependence of ripple topography (Poster) [ibid p519]•JK Bal, S Hazra, Interfacial role in diffusion of Au in Si substrates (Poster) [ibid p505]•Biswajit Saha, Purushottam Chakraborty, Formation mechanism of MCs + n molecular ion complexes:Role of oxygen environment (Poster) [ibid 445p]•R Banerjee, S Hazra, MK Sanyal, Initiation of ion-beam-induced nanopatterns on Si(001) surface:A scanning tunneling microscopy study (Poster) [ibid p523]•Smita Mukherjee, Alokmay Datta, Pinholes in Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Effect of Metal Ions(Poster)Workshop on mechanical behaviour of systems at small length scales - 2, Departmentof Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, February 4-8,2007•P Mishra, Nanoindentation Studies of Gold and Aluminium thin films (Poster)School on Understanding Molecular Simulation, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for AdvancedScientific Research, Bangalore, India, February 22-27, 2007•Mrinal K Bera, MK Sanyal, Gold Nanoparticles on water surface: A X-ray scattering study(Poster)National Review Symposium on Nanoscience and technology, Department of Scienceand Technology (DST), Hotel Katriya, Hyderabad, India, February 23-25, 2007•A Rahman, MK Sanyal, Formation of Wignee Crystal in conducting Polymer Nanowires5.1.8 Ph D Awards & SubmissionsMrinmay K Mukhopadhyay [Milan K Sanyal], Phase Transitions in Ultra Thin Organic Films, Universityof Calcutta, Submitted 2005Sudipta Pal [Milan K Sanyal], X-ray Scattering and Scanning Probe Microscope Studies of Ultra-

Material Physics 179thin Films, University of Calcutta, Submitted 2005Mishreyee Bhattacharya [Milan K Sanyal], Growth and Properties of Ultra-thin Polymer Films,Jadavpur University, Submitted 2005Amarjeet Singh [M Mukherjee], Structure and swelling dynamics of ultra-thin water-soluble polymericfilms, Jadavpur University, Submitted September 1, 2006, Awarded March 6, 2007Subhendu Sarkar [Purushottam Chakraborty], Secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray scatteringstudies of multilayer structures, University of Calcutta, Submitted June 1, 2005, AwardedMay 31, 2006Sarathi Kundu [Alokmay Datta], Structure and Morphology of Amphilic Multilayers and Membranes,Jadavpur University, Submitted January 30, 2006, Awarded November 4, 20065.1.9 Honours and DistinctionsMilan K SanyalAwarded JC Bose Fellowship, Government of IndiaAlokmay DattaFellow, West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology5.1.10 Teaching elsewhereAlokmay Datta Nanomaterials, 2006-2007, M Phil Course on Materials Science, Theory andproject guidance, West Bengal University of Technology, Bidhannagar, Kolkata5.1.11 Seminars given elsewhereMilan K Sanyal•Oxide circle formation at silicon-polymer interface, India-Japan meeting, Hyderabad, 4th December2006•Tuneable switching transition of Wigner crystal formed in polymer nanowires, International conferenceMESODIS - Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, December 7, 2006•Ion-Beam Modified Surfaces and Interfaces, International Conference MBFE - Bhabha AtomicResearch Centre, Mumbai, 15th December 2006•Ion-Beam Modified Surfaces and Interfaces, International Conference MBFE - Bhabha AtomicResearch Centre, Mumbai, December 15, 2006•Two-dimensional magnetic ordering in gadolinium based organic multilayer structures, RutherfordAppleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK, June 20, 2006•Novel properties of polymers in confined geometries, The University of Sheffield, UK, June 28,2006•Transport properties of organic nanostructures, University of Birmingham, UK, July 3, 2006•Oxide circle formation at silicon-polymer interface, India-Japan meeting, Hyderabad, December

180 Biennial Report 2005-074, 2006Purushottam Chakraborty•Programme of Steering Group for Micro and Nano Technology and related areas, BARC, Mumbai,June 9, 2005•3rd-order optical susceptibility of metal nanocluster-glass composities, synthesized by ion implementation,Physics Department, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, November 24,2005•3rd-order optical susceptibility of metal nanocluster-glass composities, synthesized by ion implementation,Physics Department, University of Padova, Italy, November 22, 2005Alokmay Datta•Formation of Multi-molecular layers on Water Surface, National Institute for Materials Science,Tsukuba, Japan, November 8, 2005•J-Aggregates in Polystyrene, Physics Department, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan, November 12,2005•Amphiphiles: A Tale of Heads and Tails, SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata,India, May 7, 2006•Nanoconfined Fluids: A New Class of Nanomaterials, Physics Department, Kyoto University, Kyoto,Japan, December 8, 2006•Nanoconfined Polymer A New Kind of Soft Material, Institute of Engineers (India), Kolkata, India,February 7, 2007SR Bhattacharyya•XPS analysis of a Be-W surface alloy, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysics, Garching, Munich,Germany, September 14, 2005•Techniques and applications of Mass Spectrometry (Tutorial Classes), Course Lecture deliveredin the Department of Instrumentation Science, UGC Academic Staff College, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, India, February 8, 2006•Morphology of metal nanocluster films deposited on Si-substrtaes, Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, December 15, 2006M Mukherjee•Neutralization mechanism of charged surface, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India, February27, 2007•Neutralization mechanism of charged surface: A Percolative Transition, Institute of Physics,Bhubaneswar, March 26, 2007•Polymeric Ultrathin Films: Novel Structure and Swelling Dynamics, Institute of Physics,Bhubaneswar, India, March 27, 2007Tapas Kumar Chini•Ripple pattern on Si surface induced by medium keV Ar + beam sputtering, Departamento deMatematicas, Universal Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, November10, 2005•Microstructural characterisation of medium-keV Ar-ion-induced surface ripples in Si by atomicforce and electron microscopy, Centro de Microanalisis de Materiales, Spain, November 18, 2005•Medium-keV ar-ion-induced surface ripple in silicon : expt vs theory, Institute of Ion Beam Physicsand Materials Research, FZR, Dresden, Germany, January 25, 2006•Medium-keV ar-ion-induced surface ripple in silicon : expt vs theory, IOM, Leipzig, Leipzig, Ger-

Material Physics 181many, April 20, 2006S Banerjee•SQUID as magnetometer, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India, February 10, 20065.1.12 MiscellanyS BanerjeeOn Deputation for Setting up nano-science laboratory, Materials Science Division, IGCAR,Kalpakkam (March 2004-September 2005)Purushottam ChakrabortyVisiting Professor, University of Pretoria, South Africa (March 2007-February 2008)Sarathi KunduPierre and Marie Curie Postdoctoral FellowshipTapas K ChiniVisiting scientist in the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (November 1-November30, 2005)Guest scientist in the Institute of ion beam physics and materials research, FZR, Dresden, Germany(December 1-May 31, 2006)5.1.13 External CollaboratorsBaldwin, M, Center for Energy Research, Universityof California San Diego, USABasu, S, Unit on Nano Science, IACS, Jadavpur,Kolkata, IndiaBhattacharya, Dipten, Central Glass and CeramicResearch Institute, Kolkata, IndiaBhaumik, Asim, Department of Materials Science,IACS, Jadavpur, Kolkata,IndiaBoragno, C, Dept of Physics, University of Genova,Genova, ItalyBuatier de Mongeot, F, Dept of Physics, Universityof Genova, Genova, ItalyBuzio, R, Dept of Physics, University of Genova,Genova, ItalyChakrabarti, Omprakash, Central Glass and CeramicResearch Institute, Kolkata, IndiaChakravorty, D, Unit on Nano Science, IACS,Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaChandra, Debraj, Department of Materials Science,IACS, Jadavpur, Kolkata,IndiaCousin, F, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEASaclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, FranceDaillant, Jean, LIONS, Service de ChimieMoleculaire, CEA, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette,FranceDash, S, Material Science Division, IGCAR,Kalpakkam 603 102, IndiaDatta, J, Department of Chemistry, BengalEngineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah, IndiaDeiwiks, J, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt UniversitaetGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanyDoerner, RP, Center for Energy Research, Universityof California San Diego, USAErtl, K, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysics,EURATOM Association, Garching, Munich,GermanyFirpo, G, Dept of Physics, University of Genova,Genova, ItalyGayathri, N, Material Science Division, IGCAR,Kalpakkam 603 102Gibaud, A, Universite du Maine, Le Mans,FranceGiglia, Angelo, TASC-INFM, Basovizza, Trieste,

182 Biennial Report 2005-07ItalyGhosh, B, Unit on Nano Science, IACS, Jadavpur,Kolkata, IndiaGopalan, Judy, Corrosion Science and TechnologyDivision, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603 102Grenzer, J, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf,Dresden, GermanyGrigorian, S, University of Siegen, Siegen, GermanyHippler, R, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University ofGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanyKonovalov, Oleg, European Synchrotron RadiationFacility, Grenoble, Grenoble, FranceKost, F, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysics,EURATOM Association, Garching, Munich,GermanyKulkarni, GU, JNCASR, Bangalore, IndiaKurian, Pushpa Ann, IIT Madras, Chennai, IndiaLinsmeier, Ch, Max-Planck-Institute forPlasmaphysics, EURATOM Association, Garching,Munich, GermanyLuzet, Daniel, LIONS, Service de Chimie Moleculaire,CEA, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceMahne, Nichole, TASC-INFM, Basovizza, Trieste,ItalyMaiti, Himadri S, Central Glass and CeramicResearch Institute, Kolkata, IndiaMajumdar, A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University ofGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanyMajumdar, Rabindranath, Department of ChemicalTechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata,IndiaMal, Nawal Kishor, Dynamic Materials ResearchGroup, National Institute of Advance IndustrialScience and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, JapanMalherbe, Johan, Physics Dept, University ofPretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaMeichsner, J, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University ofGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanyMenelle, Alain, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,FranceMohapatra, Satyabrata, IOP, Bhubaneswar, IndiaMullick, Debopriya, Central Glass and CeramicResearch Institute, Kolkata, IndiaMuraleedharan, P, Corrosion Science and TechnologyDivision, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603 102,IndiaNannarone, Stefano, TASC-INFM, Basovizza,Trieste, ItalyPietsch, U, University of Siegen, Siegen, GermanyPonraju, D, Radiological Safety Division, IndiraGandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam603102 TN, IndiaRaj, Baldev, Material Science and MetallurgicalGroup, IGCAR 603 102Rao, CNR, JNCASR, Bangalore, IndiaRoth, J, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysics,EURATOM Association, Garching, Munich,GermanySchäfer, J, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University ofGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanySchiwietz, G, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin,GermanySchmid, K, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysics,EURATOM Association, Garching, Munich,GermanySella, C, Universite de Paris VI, Paris, FranceSinha, NK, Innovative Design Engineering andSynthesis Section, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603102Shyjumon, I, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt UniversitaetGreifswald, Greifswald, GermanySmirnov, BM, Institute for High Temperatures,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaTakeyama, Sojiro, University of Tokyo, Tokyo,JapanTyagi, AK, Material Science Division, IGCAR,Kalpakkam 603 102, IndiaToma, A, Dept of Physics, University of Genova,Genova, ItalyValbusa, U, Dept of Physics, University of Genova,Genova, ItalyVijyan, C, IIT Madras, Chennai, IndiaWiltner, A, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysics,EURATOM Association, Garching, Munich,GermanyWolff, Max, ILL, FranceXiao, G, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,ChinaZabel, Hartmut, ILL, France

Material Physics 1835.2 Plasma Physics5.2.1 Experimental Studies5.2.1.1 Visible Raman Spectroscopy of thin Carbon filmsIn this work we show the importance of the visible Raman spectroscopy in reliably predicting thekey properties of diamond-like Carbon (DLC) films. The correlations between properties of hydrogenateddiamond-like Carbon (HDLC) films and their Raman spectra have been investigated. Thehydrogen concentration, sp 3 content, hardness, optical Tauc gap and nanocrystanility of the filmshave been estimated from a detail analysis of their Raman spectra. We have also measured thesome parameters of the films by using other commonly used techniques like sp 3 content in filmsby x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, their Tauc gap by Ellipsometric measurements and harnessby micro-hardness testing. The results obtained using these probes and that from Raman analysishave been comparedNR Ray, D Das, SS Sil, A Bal, A Betal, A Roy†, A Singha†PP5.2.1.2 Optical properties of thin Carbon films by EllipsometryWe have measured the density of states of sp 3 and sp 2 electrons in the DLC films using Ellipsometricmeasurements and compared the results with Raman measurements. Also refractive index (n)vs wavelength (λ) and extinction coefficient (k) vs wavelength (λ) are obtained from Ellipsometricmeasurements. The result shows that the carbon film has more than 80% transmission in IR region.NR Ray, J Engemann†, J Raacke†PP5.2.1.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thin Carbon filmsSample for TEM has been prepared by dimpling and ion milling from the substrate side so as toget electron transparent thin region of the film in large area. Sample was characterized by TEM inboth imaging and diffraction mode. The diffraction pattern, as shown in Fig.5.2.1.3a, from one ofthe region shows the single crystal like diffraction.

184 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.5.2.1.3a. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of thin Carbon Film showingelectron diffraction patternThe pattern has been indexed by Carbon with hexagonal crystal structure. The lattice parametersare a= 0.2522nm and c= 1.64743nm. The zone axis of the diffraction pattern is found to be [110].The micrograph of the region, as shown in Fig.5.2.1.3b, from where the diffraction pattern has beentaken shows the single crystalline film.Fig.5.2.1.3b. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of thin Carbon Film showingthe Kekuchi line in the miocrograph of the region of the film wherein the electrondiffraction pattern is obtained in (Fig.5.2.1.3b)

Material Physics 185The Kekuchi line in the micrograph suggests that the film is essentially single crystalline.NR Ray, AK Srivastava†, Rambabu†PP5.2.1.4 Ion acceleration and heating by MHD activity in the SINP tokamak plasmaThe acceleration of ions and electrons to high energy is common in astrophysical plasmas and isbelieved to be due to the magnetic reconnection process. In the laboratory, electron accelerationcoherent with magnetic activity has been observed in fusion devices. Similar observations for ionsare very rare. In the SINP tokamak, we find that bulk ions are accelerated to high energies in thepresence of a strong MHD mode, believed to be caused by the electric field associated with themagnetic reconnection process. Further, the hard x-ray bremsstralung from the core of the plasmaand the hard x-ray emanating from the limiter appear to have a relative time delay at certain times,suggesting different transport mechanisms.SK Saha, AK Hui, Santwana Raychaudhuri, S Chowdhury, D BanikPP5.2.1.5 Non-diffusive transport in the SINP tokamakThe outward transport of particles in a plasma confined by a magnetic field is usually by a diffusionprocess. However, experimental measurements and simulations reveal that the particle flux occursin narrow and random bursts rather than as a steady flow. Such bursts are observed in the densityas well as the temperature in the scrape-off layer of the SINP tokamak. This has been interpretedin terms of the formation and propagation of plasma structures. We have made measurementson these structures using conditional averaging technique. These structures are elongated in thepoloidal direction, have both poloidal and radial propagations and convect as much as 30-40% ofthe total particle flux in the SOL region of the tokamak. The picture of plasma transport in thefar SOL of tokamaks is therefore dominantly a non-diffusive one.SK Saha, S ChowdhuryPP5.2.1.6 Edge Biasing of SINP-TOKAMAK Plasma in High-q regimeIn SINP-TOKAMAK device both high/normal q and very low q regimes can be achieved. Recentlyin this machine in very low q regime fast edge biasing experiment revealed a change in plasmacurrent profile at edge region leading to better confinement and longer duration of plasma current.It is now planned to extend this experiment to high/normal q regime. For this purpose, as before,a tungsten electrode assembly with 6 mm diameter rod will be biased by a pulsed power supply.

186 Biennial Report 2005-07To see the effect of biasing on current profile in high-q regime, various shaped electrodes are beingplanned to be used to produce different radial electric field. In addition, a high rated (200V, 500A)variable inductor is also planned in the bias circuit to modify electrode current rise time and seeits effect. Preliminary results show more pronounced effects compared to those in the very low qregime experiment, however, electrode current drawn is quite low.Debjyoti Basu, Rabindranath PalPP5.2.1.7 Effect of ECR produced pre-ionization plasma in SINP-TOKAMAKThe SINP-TOKAMAK is a small iron-core pulsed type tokamak device. ThO2 coated tungstenfilament is used to produce pre-ionized plasma which is needed for breakdown in plasma discharge.The life time of this type filament is small. Several times it gets damaged and need to be changedduring experiment time. Also, it introduces high Z impurities to severely degrade tokamak discharge.So, an ECR produced pre-ionization is introduced in the machine coupling a 2.45 GHz, 5kwatt magnetron source directly to a radial port through a vacuum window. Successful breakdownof plasma is observed in the device causing reproducible tokamak discharge. The breakdown timedecreased, even lowered the required loop voltage. Now tokamak discharge can be produced evenin smaller toroidal magnetic field (∼1KGauss).Debjyoti Basu, Subir Biswas, Rabindranath PalPP5.2.2 Theoretical Studies in Plasma5.2.2.1 Ion temperature gradient driven mode in presence of transverse velocity-shearin ma gnetized plasmasThe effect of sheared poloidal flow on toroidal branch of ion temperature gradient driven modeof magnetized nonuniform plasma is studied. A novel ‘nonmodal’ calculation is used to analysethe problem. It is shown that the transverse shear flow considerably reduced the growth of theinstability. Small but finite amount of viscosity and/or diffusion enhanced the stabilization process.Nikhil Chakrabarti, Jens Juul Rasmussen, Poul Michelsen†PP5.2.2.2 Nonlinear Hydromagnetic waves in two ion species plasmasA theoretical study has been carried out to see the modification of low-density electron-ion plasmadynamics in presence of heavy third ion species. It is shown that the behavior of such a plasmadiffers from the behavior of a single ion-species plasma. We have solved the stationary state nonlinearequations where the second ion-species is heavier than the first and displayed different plasmaprofiles. Weakly non-linear case is also solved to demonstrate the low amplitude solitons.Manis Chaudhuri, Nikhil Chakrabarti, Rabindranath PalPP

Material Physics 1875.2.2.3 Electron inertia driven interchange mode and shearflow in electronmagnetohydrodynamicplasmaA numerical simulation of the nonlinear state of interchange instability associated with electroninertia in a magnetized plasma is studied. It is shown that a self consistent sheared transverseelectron flow, is generated due to nonlinear mechanisms. This shear flow can be reduce the growthrate of the magnetic interchange instability and reach to a steady state. The shear flow generationmechanisms are discussed by truncated Fourier mode representation. In truncated mode we considerthree mode equation which has exact analytic solution that matches well with the numericalsolution. Effect of different boundary conditions in such investigations are also discussed.Nikhil Chakrabarti, Ritoku Horiuchi†PP5.2.2.4 Nonlinear excitation of geodesic acoustic modes by drift wavesIn this paper, two mode-coupling analyses for the nonlinear excitation of the geodesic acousticmodes (GAMs) in tokamak plasmas by drift waves is presented. The first approach is a coherentparametric process, which leads to a three-wave resonant interaction. This investigation allows forthe drift waves and the GAMs to have comparable scales. The second approach uses the wavekineticequations for the drift waves, which then couples to the GAMs. This requires that the GAMscale length be large compared to the wave packet associated with the drift-waves. The relationshipof the two approaches is clearly established.Nikhil Chakrabarti, R Singh, PK Kaw†, PN Guzdar†PP5.2.2.5 Nonlinear electrostatic strunctures in the presence of correlationsThe Born-Bogolyubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy at the first order retaining theeffects of pair correlations is considered approriate for the study of a moderately coupled plasma. Inthermal equilibrium, the pair correlation function is shown to be the product of two single particleinhomogeneous distribution functions and the Debye-Hückel function. The equilibrium first orderkinetic equation is shown to be modified by a force term that is proportional to the density gradient.The steady state solutions for such first-order kinetic equation and Poisson’s equation represent akind of BGK mode. They are obtained as localized solitary wave-like structures with the amplitudeand width varying with the correlation parameter.Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita MylavarapuPP

188 Biennial Report 2005-075.2.2.6 Two fluid stationary states with external driveA formalism is developed for flowing two fluid stationary states for an externally driven plasmawith dissipation. A coupled equation in flow and field is obtained as the governing equation for thesteady state plasma. In the presence of purely azimuthal flows. this coupled equation resembling amodified Grad-Shafranov equation is solved for the topology relevant to field reversed configuration.The external electric field required to attain the configuration is obtained self-consistently.Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya, Janaki Sita MylavarapuPP5.2.2.7 Effects of finite sized charge on downstream wake patternsA study of wake patterns for extended charged particles introduced into streaming dusty plasmasreveals that for supersonic flows, the potential is lateral in nature while for subsonic flows, themagnitude of transverse wake is greater than lateral wake. The effects of finite size also diminishthe magnitude of the wake potential.Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita MylavarapuPP5.2.2.8 Directional Landau damping of wake-field potentialsThe wake field potentials produced by charged particles moving in a plasma are investigated inthe presence of finite Landau damping effects. In the frame of reference moving with the particle,the phase velocities of the spectrum of waves excited by the moving charge depend on the angle ofpropagation of the wave vector giving rise to a directional wave-particle resonance condition. Asa consequence, the wake structure is seen to decay both along and transverse to the direction ofmotion of the charged particle.Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita MylavarapuPP5.2.2.9 Solar arcades as possible minimum dissipative relaxed statesThe observations of long life time, non uniform pressure variation, and finite plasma flows associatedwith solar arcade type magnetic fields cannot be explained from the conventional ideal MHDanalysis. The principle of minimum dissipation rate of energy is utilized in the framework oftwo fluid model to set up a non-force free relaxation model for understanding the nature of arcadetype solar magnetic fields. The Euler-Lagrange equations are solved using photospheric boundaryconditions. Multiple arcade structures supporting plasma flows have been obtained as solutions.Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Brahmananda Dasgupta†, GP Zank† PP

Material Physics 1895.2.2.10 Shear wave Mach cone in a strongly coupled dusty plasmaIn presence of strong correlations, a dusty plasma exhibits viscous liquid or solid like behaviour andis capable of supporting transverse shear modes. We attempt to study the shear wave Mach conesexcited by the action of a radiation force exerted by a spot of laser beam swept across a stronglycoupled dusty plasma using the generalized hydrodynamic model. The formation of single Machcone structures in vorticity maps reveals that they are formed due to shear motion. It is foundthat an asymmetry in the wake excitation technique gives rise to certain asymmetries in the Machcone patterns.Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita MylavarapuPP5.2.3 Developmental work5.2.3.1 Development of a New Laboratory for the synthesis of nanocrystalline diamondlike carbon (ncDLC) materialsThe New Laboratory for the synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond like carbon (ncDLC) materialshas been made operational for research and development of various Carbon thin films under varyingconditions of depositions.NR Ray, S Basu, D Das, A Betal, SS Sil, P Bhattacharyya, M Chattopadhyay, A Bal, A Ram PP5.2.3.2 Remote Control of MKS Type 651C Pressure Controller via ComputerThe remote operation of the 651C Pressure Controller (651C-PC) is accomplished via the rearpanel by RS-232 communication by means of a computer to the Serial Interface connector. Whenthe Key Lock switch of 651C-PC is set to ”Remote”, all control signal, which is converted by commands,and parameter modification can only be sent through the connectors. The rear panel ofthe 651C-PC is connected to the USB of the computer via an overall metal braided shielded cable,properly grounded at both ends, meeting the CE specifications. Here the work is done via threepins, which are for (a) transmitting data (b) receiving data (c) digital ground. Then correspondingmale and female ports of Computer and 651C-PC are connected with the two ends of a single wire.Now we write the software in visual basic - 6.0 platforms and the remote of the device 651C-PC iseasily done by Computer.NR Ray, S Bandyopadhyay†, A BetalPP

190 Biennial Report 2005-075.2.3.3 Development of Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR) in thin ncDLC materialsIn order to make an investigation on the SPR effect in thin ncDLC film coated over glass prism,an experimental setup consisting of pulsed beam of He-Ne laser light and detection of light afterthe reflection from the interface of glass and thin ncDLC film was constructed. Preliminary experimentalresults indicate the presence of SPR effect in the thin ncDLC materials.NR Ray, A Varshney†, A Bal, D DasPP5.2.3.4 Set up for the determination of electrical breakdown point of Argon Gas atdifferent pressuresDevelopment of experimental setup consisting of light detection arrangement at the time of breakdownof gas and necessary electrical circuitry and data acquisition in storage oscilloscope wascarried out.NR Ray, I Das†, A Bal, D DasPP5.2.3.5 Deep space plasma propulsion experiment (XI-th plan project)Rockets burning chemical fuel are the main propulsion devices used for launching a spacecraft fromthe surface of the Earth. In deep space, plasma propulsion systems are however far more fuelefficient because they can accelerate the fuel (ions) to very high velocities. Using radio-frequencysources, a low atomic weight fuel (hydrogen or helium) can be converted into plasma and thenheated to sufficiently high energies in the presence of a magnetic field. The gyration energy of theions can then be converted into energy of linear motion under the influence of another suitablyshaped magnetic field, thereby generating the desired mechanical thrust. An important consequenceis that the entire device can have a completely electrode free design, thereby eliminatingelectrode wear and tear and hence ensuring a considerably longer lifetime. This project has beenundertaken in the XI-th plan period (scheduled to start in April, 2007) to study the physics involvedin the generation of mechanical thrust by a plasma. Preliminary design work has been undertakenin advance and is now under progress.SK Saha, AK Hui, Santwana Raychaudhuri, S Chowdhury, Janaki Mylavarapu Sita, SK Das PP

Material Physics 1915.2.3.6 Broad beam ion source for tribological studiesA low energy broad beam ion source is an attractive tool for surface modification studies and hassome advantages (like, independent adjustments of the beam energy and the intensity) over theconventional plasma diode configuration. Applications of such ion sources are ion milling/etching ina controlled way for depth profiling, oxidation and nitridation, multilayer surface deposition etc. Aplan was undertaken to develop an ion source for the above purpose. To satisfy the requirements ofhigh current density (1 mA/cm 2 or more), large beam diameter (3 cm) and high uniformity (∼5%),a Kaufman type ion source (giving Ar + ions) has been designed, with low extraction potential andmulti-aperture ion optics. The construction of the complete ion source has been finished. In preliminaryoperation, a low energy Ar + beam (∼ 400 µA at the target) could be extracted. Prolongedoperation, however, could not be done due to tungsten deposition on the insulating spacers andconsequent high voltage breakdown. The design has therefore been somewhat modified to avoidsuch problem and the modifications are now under construction.SK Saha, D GhosePP, SP5.2.3.7 Software developedA number of programmes have been written in MATLAB for the following : (a) Analysis of data ofthe non-diffusive plasma transport experiment (conditional averaging, wavelet correlation, higherorder statistical moments, heat flux etc). (b) Spectral analysis and correlation of data from hardx-ray detectors, soft x-ray camera and Mirnov loops. (c) Calculation of the axial and transversecomponents of magnetic field at points on the axis of a multicoil solenoid system as well as atoff-axis points. Force between coils have also been evaluated. This programme has been used forthe design of the magnet coil system of the plasma propulsion project.SK SahaPP5.2.3.8 Linear Magnetized Plasma Device (Q machine) in SINPThe fabrication of major components of the SINP Q-machine, namely, the magnet coil system, itssupport structure, the power supply, the cooling water system, the vacuum vessel and the vacuumpumping system is near completion. The vacuum pumping system consisting of a 250 l/s turbomolecularpump backed by a rotary pump gave a base vacuum of about 1.5 x 10-5 torr in the 0.3m dia., 2.3 m long SS vacuum chamber. Magnetic coil system will be powered and tested next.Preliminary plasma will be

192 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.5.2.3.8. A new plasma machine built in our instituteproduced by injecting 2.45 GHz microwave power in argon gas. The design of alkali ion plasmasource is presently under study.Subhasis Basu, Monobir Chattopadhyay, Rabindranath Pal, Subir BiswasPP5.2.4 Publications5.2.4.1 Papers in Journals2005Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Effects of finite sized charge on downstream wake patterns,Phys Plasmas 12 (2005) 052105Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Directional Landau damping of wake-field potentials, PhysPlasmas 12 (2005) 102111Nikhil Chakrabarti, Jens Juul Rasmussen, Poul Michelsen, Ion temperature gradient driven modein presenceof transverse velocity shear in magnetized plasmas, Phys Plasmas 12 (2005) 0745017Manis Chaudhuri, Nikhil Chakrabarti, Rabindranath Pal, Nonlinear hydromagnetic waves in two

Material Physics 193ion species plasma, Phys Plasmas 12 (2005) 1121012006Santwana Raychaudhuri, SK Saha, S Chowdhury, D Banik, AK Hui, Observation of High EnergyIon Tail in the SINP Tokamak Plasma, Phys Plasmas 13 (2006) 122510SK Saha, S Chowdhury, Intermittent transport in the scrape-off layer of the SINP tokamak, PhysPlasmas 13 (2006) 092512Achintya Singha, Aditi Ghosh, Anushree Roy†, Nihar Ranjann Ray, Quantitative Analysis of hydrogenateddiamond like carbon films by Visible Raman spectroscopy, J of Applied Phys 100 (2006)044910Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Two-fluid stationary states with dissipationand external drive, Phys Plasmas 13 (2006) 044508Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Shear wave Mach cones in a strongly coupled dusty plasma,Phys Plasmas 13 (2006) 012104VP Budaev†, IM Pankratov†, S Takamura†, N Ohno†, M Takagi†, H Matsuno†, M Okamoto†,SK Saha, The effect of the rotating helical fields on the plasma edge in the HYBTOK-II tokamak,Nucl Fusion 46 (2006) S175Nikhil Chakrabarti, Ritoku Horiuchi, Electromagnetic interchange-like mode and zonal flow in electronmagnetohydrodynamic plasma, Phys Plasmas 13 (2006) 1023062007Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Brahmananda Dasgupta†, Gary P Zank†,Solar arcades as possible minimum dissipative relaxed states, Solar Physics 240 (2007) 63N Chakrabarti, R Singh, PK Kaw, PN Guzdar, Nonlinear excitation of geodesic acoustic modes bydrift waves, Phys Plasmas 14 (2007) 0523085.2.5 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Workshops/Schools &cPSSI National Workshop on Plasmas Science and Technology: Industrial Applicationand dignostics, (Plasma Science Society of India), BIT, Jaipur, India, August30-September 2, 2005•Rabindranath Pal, Experimental Plasma Spectroscopy: Optical DetectorInternational Conference on MEMS and Semiconductor Nanotecnology, IIT, Kharagpur,December 20-22, 2005•Nihar Ranjan Ray, Observation of Room temperature photoluminescence from nanocrystallinediamond like (ncDLC) carbon thin films

194 Biennial Report 2005-076th International Conference on Reactive Plasmas and 23rd Symposium on PlasmaProcessing, Matshushima/Sendai, Japan, January 24-27, 2006•Nihar Ranjan Ray, ANS Iyengar, Synthesis and charecterization of nanocrystillne diamond likecarbon (ncDLC) using capacitively coupled radio frequency CH 4 /H 2 /Ar plasma(Poster) [Proc 6thInternational Conference on Reactive Plasmas and 23rd Symposium on Plasma Processing, p583]Tsunami and Nonlinear Waves, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India,March 6-10, 2006•Janaki Sita MylavarapuWave motions and instabilities in plasma (Department of Applied Mathematics, Universityof Calcutta), Science College, Kolkata, India, March 30, 2006•Anirban Bose, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Shear Wakes in a strongly coupled dusty plasma (Invited)•Nikhil Chakrabarti, Secondary instability of Kinetic Alfven eave in magnetized plasma (Invited)Techiniques in Applied Mathematics (Department of Applied Mathematics, Universityof Calcutta), Science College, Kolkata, India, June 20-28, 2006•Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya, Janaki Sita Mylavarapu, Brahmananda Dasgupta†, Gary PZank†, Solar Arcades as minimum dissipative relaxed states (Invited)International Workshop on the Application of Nanocrystalline Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Materials, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, November28-December 1, 2006•V Bursikova†, NR Ray, O Blahova†, J Jasek†, Z Fragla†, L Zajikova†, D Franta†, J Bursik†,P Klapetek†, Study of mechanical properties of diamond like carbon and nanocomposite diamondcoatings prepared by several different deposition techniques [Proc International Workshop on theApplication of Nanocrystalline Diamond and Diamond like Carbon Materials, p27]•A Singha†, A Roy†, NR Ray, Visible Raman spectrum as a finger print to charecterize hydrogenateddiamondlike carbon films [ibid p51]•Nihar Ranjan Ray, Convenor•Santwana Raychaudhuri21st National Symposium on Plasma Science & Technology, Malviya Institute of Technology,Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, December 19-22, 2006•Nikhil Chakrabarti, Lagrangian dynamics of extraordinary mode in Magnetized plasmas (Poster)•Rabindranath Pal, Plenary Talk on ‘Plasma Diagnostics: Processing Plasmas’International conference on Plasma Physics & Material Science, Tribhuban University,Dhulikhel, Kathmandu, Nepal, January 24-26, 2007•Santwana Raychaudhuri, SK Saha, S Chowdhury, D Banik, AK Hui, Ion Acceleration By MHDActivity In SINP Tokamak

Material Physics 1955.2.6 Ph D Awards & SubmissionsRajeev Kumar [Sujit Kumar Saha], Study of plasma turbulence in the edge region of a tokamak,University of Calcutta, Awarded April 25, 2005Krishnendu Bhattacharyya [NR Ray], Some Studies on the Asymmetries in the SINP TokamakPlasma, Jadavpur University, Awarded July 29, 2005Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya [Janaki Sita Mylavarapu], Self-organization in magnetized plasmas,Jadavpur University, Submitted July 20, 2005, Awarded July 5, 20065.2.7 Teaching elsewhereJanaki Sita MylavarapuPlasma Physics Course (30), October 1, 2005 to April 30, 2006, M Sc 2005-2006, (Special) Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaPlasma Physics Course (30), October 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007, M Sc 2006-2007, (Special) Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaIntroduction to Plasma Physics, November 14, 16 & 20, 2006, (Refresher Course in Physics), Deptof Physics, University of Calcutta, Science College, Kolkata, IndiaNikhil ChakrabartiBasic Quantum Mechanics (approximately 30), November 4, 2006 to February 28, 2007, M Sc Firstsymester, (General) KolkataRabindranath PalPlasma Physics - a bird’s overview (2), UGC approved-Refresher course for college lecturers andreaders, University of Delhi, March 26-27, 20075.2.8 Seminars given elsewhereNihar Ranjan Ray•DLC Program at SINP, Kolkata, October 24, 2005, fmt seminar Hall, University of Wuppertal,Germany•Understanding Diamond like Carbon films using visible Raman measurements- in the frame ofseminar on Thin Film Technology, University of Essen, Germany, November 03,2005•Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond like Carbon thin films- IEEJ supportat Hokkaido University, Japan, January 30, 2006•Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond like Carbon thin films, IUAC, NewDelhi, August 4, 2006•Nano-Bio Technology for future applications in practical fields, Bengal Institute of Technology,Kolkata, August 29, 2006SK Saha•Fusion: the path towards future energy, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, August 30,2005Santwana Raychaudhuri•Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion: A possible solution for worlds increased demand for new power

196 Biennial Report 2005-07sources, 1st Chameli Basu Memorial lecture, Bethune College, Kolkata, India, September 16, 2006Nikhil Chakrabarti•Electron inertia driven interchange mode and shear-Flow in Plasmas, Institute for Plasma Research,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, January 9, 20055.2.9 MiscellanyNihar Ranjan RayAwarded Visiting Fellowship within the framework of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 591 “UniversellesVerhalten Gleichgewichtsferner Plasmen, at fmt laboratories, University of Wuppertal,Germany” from October 17-November 17, 2005Attended under invitation a discussion meeting on ‘DLC works at SINP’ held in the Departmentof Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, November 14, 20055.2.10 External CollaboratorsBandyopadhyay, S, Dept of Computer Scienceand Engineering, BIT, Kolkata, IndiaBudaev, VP, Institute for Nuclear Fusion, RRCKurchatov Institute, Moscow, RussiaBurcsikova, Vilma, Institute of Physical Electronics,Faculty of Science, Masaryk University,Brno, Czech RepublicDas, Ipsita, Dept of Physics, St. Stephen College,Delhi, IndiaDas, Shawpawn Kumar, PPD, SINP (Retired)Engemann, J, fmt Institute, University of Wuppertal,GermanyFranta, Daniel, Institute of Physical Electronics,Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicGhosh, Aditi, Dept of Physics, IIT Kharagpur,WB, IndiaGuzdar, PN, University of Maryland, Maryland,USAHui, Amit Kumar, PPD, SINP (Retired)Kawai, Yoshinobu, Interdisciplinary GraduateSchool of Engineering Science, Kyushu University,Fukuoka, JapanMatsuno, H, Department of Energy Engineeringand Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanOhno, Noriyasu, Eco Topia Science Institute,Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanOkamoto, M, Department of Energy Engineeringand Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanPankratov, IM, Institute of Plasma Physics, NSCKharkov Institute of Physics and Technology,Kharkov, UkraineRaacke, Jens, fmt Institute, University of Wuppertal,GermanyRambabu, Electron microscopy laboratory,RRCAT, Indore, IndiaRasmussen, Jens Juul, Riso National Laboratory,Roskilde, DenmarkRoy, Anushree, Dept of Physics, IIT KharagpurSingha, Achintya, Dept of Physics, IIT KharagpurSrivastava, AK, Electron microscopy laboratory,RRCAT, Indore, IndiaTakagi, M, Department of Energy Engineeringand Science, Nagoya University, JapanTakamura, Shuichi, Department of Energy Engineeringand Science, Nagoya University, JapanVarshney, Atual, Dept of Physics, IIT, Delhi,India

6 Biophysical SciencesResearch activities in this area can be broadly classified into two groups. In structuralproteomics and genomics in human health and diseases, proteomics studies of red bloodcells identified 10 new proteins in the red cell cytosol among 60 proteins annotated. Lossof phospholipid membrane asymmetry and sialylated glycoconjugates from erythrocytesurface in HbEβ-thalassemia has been established. Roles of several proteins that interactwith Huntingtin (HTT), whose mutation causes Huntington’s disease, in aggregate formationand cell death, have been established. HIPPI, an interactor of HTT-interactingprotein HIP-1 posseses a novel transcription regulation ability, while HYPK, a novelprotein posseses chaperone like activity. Regulation of gene expressions by microRNAand large-scale protein identification and characterization in leukemia have been initiated.Several proteins/ domains involved in Alzheimer’s disease have been cloned,expressed and are being characterized. Crystal structures of various proteins like Ldcyp,different mutants of Ervatamins and papain mutants have been determined thatprovide functional basis of these proteins. Mutational studies of chymotrypsin inhibitorwere carried out to convert chymotrypsin inhibitor to trypsin inhibitor.In other studies bioinformatics and computational tools are used to establish conformationalspecificity of non-canonical base pairs in RNA. Role played by flexibility in DNAin recognizing specifically the TATA box binding protein is established. In the areasof chemical cellular and molecular biology, GTP binding sites of T7 RNA polymeraseand structural alterations of chromatin by DNA binding antibiotics have been identified.Chronic heat shock resulted in activation of key signaling elements and the downstream effectors. Roles of mitogen activated protein kinase, p21 activated kinase invarious cellular processes in Entamoeba histolytica have been investigated. The mRNAcycling sequence binding protein, cyclin LdCyc2 and ORCS/CdC6 have been clonedfrom Leishmania donovani and characterized. Various spectroscopic tools were usedto study the interactions of flavonoids and isoflavonoids with cell membranes and liposomes.Interactions of quinone, drug like molecules, indole derivatives and 4NQO withDNA, amino acids and proteins have provided mode of actions of these compounds.Characterization of alternate mode of actionfor genericdrugs like some non-steroid antiinflamatorydrugs and anticancer drug plicamycin has been done.Minuscule quantity of supernova produced long-lived radionuclide 53 Mn from its naturalisobar 53 Cr was separated. In green chemistry progress has been made for species specificstudies on toxic metals like chromium or arsenic using greener reagents like Baker’syeast, iron doped calcium alginate and polyethylene glycol. For the first time radioactivegold nanoparticle has been reported, which was synthesized using environmentallybenign polyethylene glycol. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from natural sources and197

198 Biennial Report 2005-07characterized. Ultra structural changes of nitrogen fixing bacteria by different fertilizerswere studied.6.1 Research Activities6.1.1 Structural Genomics and Proteomics in Human Genetic Disease6.1.1.1 Huntingtin interacting proteins and their interactors: structural and functionalstudiesTo investigate the role of huntingtin (Htt) interacting proteins in Huntington’s disease (HD),we have cloned Hippi (interacts with Htt-interacting protein Hip1), Rab8 (interacts with Httinteractingprotein HYPL) and HYPK (interacts with Htt) in the bacterial expression vectors forstructural studies and mammalian expression vectors for the functional studies. In the cell model ofHD, where exon1 of Htt gene containing 40 glutamines was expressed that enhanced nuclear aggregationand increased apoptosis, expression of HYPK and Rab8 decreased apoptosis. Subsequently,we observed that the nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates formed by N-terminal Htt were reduced byHYPK. To investigate the mechanism of the inhibition of aggregates and apoptosis by HYPK, weidentified that HYPK, without having any similarity with any known chaperon, exhibited in vitroand in vivo chaperon activity. To investigate the mechanism of enhanced gene expression by HIPPI,we identified that HIPPI can bind to the specific motif AAAGA[G/C]A[A/C/T][TG] present atthe putative upstream sequence of caspase-1, caspase-8, caspase-10 and PARP-1. In addition wehave shown that the pseudo death effector domain (pDED) present at the c-terminal region ofHIPPI actually interacts with the putative promoter sequences. In an attempt to understand thenature of interactions of the pDED domain, we recently cloned, expressed it and preliminary X-raydiffraction data has been collected. Further characterization of the protein is underway.Pritha Majumder, Swasti Raychaudhuri, Manisha Banerjee, Ananyo Choudhury, Ansuman Lahiri,Debashis Mukhopadhyay, Nitai P BhattacharyyaSG6.1.1.2 Interactions of myloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1), HCG3 and PARP-1 withN-terminal Huntingtin with 83QTo investigate the structural and functional basis of the involvement of myloid leukemia factor 1(MLF1), HCG3, putative chaperone DNAJ family protein, having J domain only and PARP-1 inHD, we generated a cell model of HD. In this cell model, expression of huntingtin exon1 that codes83Q at a stretch increased nuclear and cytoplasmic Htt-aggregates and apoptosis were observed.We identified that MLF1, HCG3 and PARP-1 interact with N-terminal Htt and reduced apoptosis.Different domains of MLF1 and PARP-1 have been cloned and are now being used to identify thespecific domains of the proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of Htt. Mechanisms bywhich these protein reduced apoptosis are now being investigated.Manisha Banerjee, Rona Banerjee, Nitai P BhattacharyyaSG, C&MB

Biophysical Sciences 1996.1.1.3 Regulation of micro RNA and its role in neurodegenerative diseaseMicroRNAs are small 17-22 nucleotide RNAs, which negatively regulate the gene expression bybinding to 3’-UTR of mRNAs, either by degrading the mRNA or interfering with translation ofthe genes. To identify the role of micro RNA in deregulation of the genes observed in Huntington’sdisease and the role of HIPPI, a molecular partner of huntingtin interacting protein Hip-1, inregulation of micro RNAs, we have been studying the expressions of 157 micro RNAs in cellsexpressing huntingtin (htt) exon1 with 80 glutamines and cell line expressing HIPPI. Preliminaryresults revealed that several microRNAs are up-regulated in cells expressing HIPPI and interestinglymany of them contain HIPPI binding motif to their upstream. In continuation to our previouswork whereby we have studied the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) associated with ChronicMyeloid Leukemia (CML), we are studying whether genetic polymorphisms in micro RNAs playany role in the regulation their expressions in CML.Mithun Sinha, Nitai P BhattacharyyaSG6.1.1.4 Role of PARP-1 in apoptosis and telomerase regulationTo identify the function of PARP-1, we have earlier shown that inhibition of PARP-1, either byknocking down the expression of the gene by siRNA or inhibitor like benzamide, decreased thetelomerase activity and increased apoptosis. Decreased telomerase activity and increased apoptosiscould be mediated by poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation of TERT and caspase-8. We now have confirmedthese results using several specific inhibitors like minocycline. Minocycline has further been shownto inhibit PARP-1 activity. We have also shown that curcumin treatment inhibits telomeraseactivity and increased apoptosis induction in leukemic cells. Decreased telomerase activity is likelyto be due to inability of TERT to translocate into the nucleus. DNA binding domain and thecatalytic domain of PARP-1 has been cloned separately. These are now being used to identify theroles of these domains in the regulation of apoptosis. (This project was partially supported byDST, Govt of India).Madhumita Roy†, Nitai P Bhat-C&MBUtpal Ghosh, Rona Banerjee, Sutapa Chakraborty†,tacharyya6.1.1.5 Molecular Diagnosis and genetics of neurological diseases caused by the expansionof triplet repeatsWe have been continuing detection of CAG/CTG repeat expansions that cause neurodegenerativedisease like various spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and Huntington’s disease (HD) in clinically diagnosedpatients sent to us by neurologists from different parts of the country. During this period, wehave identified altogether 22 expansion of CAG repeats at SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3 loci and 11 CAGRepeat expansions at HD locus among patients. To identify the origin of mutation in HD patient,we used polymorphic markers namely D4S127 (di-nucleotide CA repeat), rs1313770 (SNP), rs82334(SNP), insertion (+)/deletion (-) of codon 2642 (GAG) and polymorphic CCG repeat variation inthe immediate vicinity of the CAG repeat tract among 62 unrelated HD patients and 55 normalindividuals originated from the same geographical and ethnic origin. Using these five loci, haplotypeswere constructed by the software GENECOUNTING. The CAG repeat numbers among the

200 Biennial Report 2005-07normal chromosomes varied from 14-28 (17.4 2.44), while these values varied from 36-83 (45.646.6) on the chromosomes with expanded allele. Result revealed that the frequency of deletion alleleat codon 2642 with expanded CAG repeat was significantly higher (20%) than that obtained amongthe normal chromosomes (5.8%). Besides, at D4S127 locus, the allele containing 32 dinucleotiderepeats was significantly higher among the expanded alleles (75.8%) compared to that obtainedamong normal chromosomes (44.2%). Among the major haplotypes, haplotype ‘31/G/7/A/+’,‘29/G/7/A/+’ and ‘31/G/7/A/-’ were significantly higher in the expanded chromosomes.Utpal Basu, Saikat Mukhopadhyay, Nitai P BhattacharyyaC&MB6.1.1.6 Study of AICD-adaptor interaction in Alzheimer’s Disease cell modelThe key protein involved in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis is the Amyloid Precursor Protein(APP). One of the proteolytically cleaved products of this protein gives rise to Aβ peptidesthat in turn form senile plaques in the AD brain. The other product is the cytoplasmic domain ofthe protein, known as AICD. This domain contains conserved motifs that can act as a docking sitefor a number of adaptor proteins present in the cytosol. In order to investigate the effects of theseinteractions in terms of AD pathogenesis, we have cloned wild type AICD and its 5 mutant forms(the mutations reside in the functionally active motifs) both in bacterial and mammalian expressionvectors. We have cloned some of its adaptors such as Grb2, RasV1, SOS, Fe65 and Tip60. Now weare concentrating on viewing the interactions in vivo by confocal microscopy and in vitro by pulldown assays. At the genomic level recently we have started acquiring microarray data to assess thealteration in gene expression profile in neuronal cells in presence of excess amounts of AICD andits mutants.Mithu Raychaudhury, Debashis MukhopadhyaySG6.1.1.7 Evolutionary Characterization of Hippi-pDEDThe work related to structural and functional characterization of HIPPI revealed a novel DNAbindingproperty of the pDED domain of the protein. Importance of a few surface residues, predictedto be important in DNA binding, was validated experimentally. The phylogenetic historyof this gain of function was traced using Bioinformatics tools and DAPIN proteins were found tobe the most ancestral among the superfamily members. Results show that this is an independentgain of function unlike that of DEDD proteins.Aditi Moulik†, Pritha Majumder, Manisha Banerjee, Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Debashis MukhopadhyaySG6.1.1.8 Role of Intrinsically Unstructured Proteins (IUP) in Neurodegenerative disordersStructural and Biophysical characterization of HypK revealed it to be an Intrinsically UnstructuredProtein. Subsequently it was seen that majority of the proteins involved in complex disorders like

Biophysical Sciences 201cancer or cardio-vascular diseases are natively unfolded. Our investigation in case of neurodegenerativedisorders (viz., Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington disease) yielded similarresults. We also found that with increasing disorders the proteins interact with more number ofpartners and tend to become a hub. Thus IUP’s have far reaching implications in the networks ofcomplex disorders.Sucharita Dey†, Swasti Raychaudhuri, Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Debashis MukhopadhyaySG6.1.1.9 Interaction of rRNA with proteins during foldingA mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic digests of BCA, HCA and Lysozyme, crosslinked torRNA while folding, is almost complete. MS/MS analysis could identify sites in the proteins wherepreferential RNA binding takes place. Interestingly this elucidated that RNA mediated foldingoccurs upon binding to the intermittent loop regions. Attempts are on to identify sites on therRNA where binding occurs. This result would be an important contribution towards proteinfolding.Dibyendu Samanta, Chanchal K Dasgupta†, Debashis MukhopadhyaySG6.1.1.10 Proteomic analysis of mouse serum immunochallenged with γ-ray treatedsnake venomEfforts were on to generate a toxoid by γ irradiation of Russel Viper venom and the efficacy ofsuch a toxoid have been tested in rodents. We tried to recognize the immunogenic principle of thetoxoid. After comparing the venom proteome with the γ-ray treated one, major loss of proteinscould be detected - this is believed to be the cause behind loss of toxicity. Further works are on tocharacterize these altered proteins.Srabani Talukder, A Mukherjee†, Amiya K Hati†, Debashis MukhopadhyaySG6.1.1.11 Spectrin interactions of globin chains in presence of phosphate metabolitesand hydrogen peroxide: Implications in thalassemiaWe have shown differential interactions of the erythroid skeletal protein, spectrin with the globinsubunits of HbA indicating preference of α-globin over that of β-globin and intact HbA in an ATPdependentmanner. Presence of Mg/ATP led to an appreciable decrease in the binding affinityof α globin chain to spectrin and the overall yield of the globin-spectrin cross-linked complexesformed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Similar effects were also seen in presence of 2,3 DPG,the other important phosphate metabolites of erythrocytes. The binding affinity and the yield ofcross-linked high molecular weight complexes formed under oxidative condition were significantlyhigher in α-globin compared to intact hemoglobin, HbA and the β-globin chain. Results of thisreport indicate towards a possible correlation of preferential spectrin binding of α-globin chain over

202 Biennial Report 2005-07that of the β-globin in the hemoglobin disorder, β-thalassemia.Poppy Datta, Sudipa Chakraborty†, Amit Chakraborty†, Abhijit ChakrabartiSG6.1.1.12 Membrane interactions of hemoglobin variants, HbA, HbE, HbF and globinsubunits of HbA : effects of aminophospholipids and cholesterolThe interaction of hemoglobin with phospholipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) has been analyzed inseveral studies to better understand membrane-protein interactions. However, not much is knownon hemoglobin interactions with the aminophospholipids, predominantly localized in the innerleaflet of erythrocytes, e.g. phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in membranescontaining phosphatidylcholine (PC). Effects of cholesterol, largely abundant in erythrocytes, havealso not been studied in great details in earlier studies. This work describes the study of the interactionsof different hemoglobin variants HbA, HbE and HbF and the globin subunits of HbAwith the two aminophospholipids in the presence and absence of cholesterol using absorption measurementson the autoxidation of the hemoglobin variants and leakage of membrane entrappedcarboxyfluorescein (CF), induced by them. Results indicate preferential oxidative interaction ofHbE and alpha-globin subunit with unilamellar vesicles containing PE and PS compared to normalHbA. Cholesterol was found to stabilize such oxidative interactions in membranes containing boththe aminophospholipids. HbE and alpha-globin subunits were also found to induce greater leakageof membrane entrapped CF. HbE was found to induce fusion of membrane vesicles containingcholesterol and PE when observed under electron microscope. Taken together, these findings mightbe helpful in understanding the oxidative stress related mechanism(s) involved in the prematuredestruction of erythrocytes in peripheral blood, implicated in the hemoglobin disorder, HbE /betathalassemia.Poppy Datta, Sudipa Chakraborty†, Amit Chakraborty†, Abhijit ChakrabartiSG6.1.1.13 Loss of phospholipid membrane asymmetry and sialylated glycoconjugatesfrom erythrocyte surface in HbEβ-thalassemia : implications in eryptosisPhosphatidyl serine (PS) is mostly localized in the inner leaflet of the normal RBC membrane.However, it has been shown by our group and others that the PS exposed subpopulation is markedlyhigh in HbEβ-thalassemia and other forms of thalassemias. Older populations of RBCs have beenshown to exhibit more PS in the outer leaflet than the younger counterparts. On the other hand,sialic acid residues residing on the RBC surface have been shown to gradually reduce during ageingof erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. We have therefore studied the PS asymmetry along withsialic acid levels of the normal and different thalassemic RBCs. Young and old erythrocytes wereseparated depending on their densities by self-forming Percoll gradient. FITC labeled Annexin Vwas used as a marker for PS and FITC labeled WGA as a marker for sialic acid in flow cytometry.The PS exposed population in older RBC was observed to be higher compared to younger onein case of normal as well as in β-thalassemia and homozygous E disease. However, the reversetrend was observed in HbEβ-thalassemia. The reduction of sialic acid residues on the cell surfaceglycoconjugates upon ageing was more drastic in HbEβ-thalassemia, compared to that in normal.This reduction of sialic acid levels could be due to the vesiculation of cell surface membranes

Biophysical Sciences 203containing glycophorins and other glycoconjugates. We propose that in thalassemia, the globinchain aggregation is resulted under oxidative stressed conditions, could then induce loss of PSasymmetry and release of silylated glycoconjugates through membrane vesiculations.Sumanta Basu, Debashis Banerjee†, Sharmila Chandra†, Abhijit ChakrabartiSG6.1.1.14 Structural and conformational studies on the DNA binding domain of RFX5RFX5, RFXANK and RFXAP are the subunits of RFX complex involved in transcription of majorhistocompatibility complex II (MHC II) molecules. RFX complex binds to the X and S box regionof the promoter of MHC II. In bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) the promoter of MHC II isneither occupied nor transcribed and that causes severe immune deficiency in individuals. So acomprehensive structural analysis of the protein complex will play a vital role in interpretationof their functionality. In this project the DNA binding domain (DBD) of RFX5 (12kD) and thefull length RFXANK (35kD) were subcloned in a GST tag plasmid, expressed in bacterial hostcells and purified by two-step chromatographic process: - i) Affinity Chromatography and ii) SizeExclusion Chromatography. The biophysical studies of these two proteins revealed the formationof dityrosine derivatives upon UV irradiation. It is an intense fluorophore having emission maxima∼400nm when excited at 315nm. Its formation is favoured under alkaline condition and the reactionis also catalysed by H 2 O 2 /peroxidase system. Reducing agents such as DTT and glutathione inhibitdityrosine formation. RFX5 DBD is more susceptible to dityrosine formation than RFXANK. NMRspectroscopic studies have been initiated for structure elucidation of RFX5 DBD. Preliminaryproton 1D spectrum and 2D spectrum (TOCSY and NOESY) were taken in 500MHz and cryoprobe 600MHz NMR spectrometer. Analysis of the spectral data and preparation of 15 N and 13 Cisotope enriched proteins are underway. RFX DBD has been isotopically enriched with 15 N nucleiand 15 N- 1 H HSQC experiments were performed. The analysis of these data is in progress.Madhumita Chakraborty, Amitabha Sengupta, Subrata Banerjee, Chaitali Mukhopadhyay†, AbhijitChakrabartiSG6.1.1.15 Red Cell Proteomics with and without HemoglobinRed blood cells have been an obvious target of proteomics study for the past few years. However,even after the emergence of sophisticated and high throughput mass spectrometry instrumentation,only a handful number of proteomics work have been published till date identifying proteins fromthe cytosolic fractions of the red cells. The major difficulty of identification of other proteins hasbeen the large abundance of hemoglobin in the cytosol (∼95%), masking s the detection of most ofthe lower abundant proteins on 2D gel electrophoretic separation. Depletion of hemoglobin exclusivelyand effectively has remained largely unsuccessful till date. We have succeeded in depletinghemoglobin from the hemolysate using ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex matrix. Thehemoglobin-depleted red cell cytosolic fractions showed larger number of protein spots in the 2Dgels compared to the undepleted hemolysate. Using tandem MALDI ToF/ToF mass spectrometry(AB 4700 from Applied Biosystems), we have been able to identify more than 30 proteins including20 known proteins and about 10 proteins, so far not detected in the hemolysate by the earlier

204 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.6.1.1.15. Protein profile of Hb-depleted Red Cell cytosolworkers. Our study indicated the presence of a group of redox enzymes, apart from hemoglobin, inthe cytosol of the red cells.Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Debashis Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit ChakrabartiSG6.1.1.16 Proteomics in the study of hematological malignanciesA comparison of the proteomic profiles of normal and malignant samples can not only point outcandidate diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets of the malignancy, but also throw lighton the mechanism of transformation of the cells from normal to malignant state. Transcriptomiccomparisons have been widely applied to identify molecular markers of human hematological malignanciesbut there is relatively low correlation between the abundance of a given mRNA and thatof the encoded protein, and the functions of many proteins are influenced by post-translationalmodifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and redox regulation. Also, a simple comparisonbetween the transcriptome / proteome of a heterogeneous population of cells, isolated fromnormal and diseased samples, might likely reveal changes in gene expression only attributable tothe differences in cell composition (%blasts, %lymphocytes, %granulocytes etc.). To eliminatesuch population-shift effects, we have attempted to study and compare the proteomic profiles of ahomogeneous population of cells from normal and Leukaemic blood samples to find differentiallyexpressed proteins. Since plasma contains a dynamic load of mediators of various cellular responses,we are studying the plasma proteomes of normal and leukaemic blood samples in parallel. Giventhe very high abundance of albumin and immunoglobulins in plasma, we used simple precipitation

Biophysical Sciences 205of the plasma proteins with different percentages of ammonium sulfate to preferentially depleteserum albumin and subsequently visualize more spots in the proteomic profiles.Sutapa Saha, Dipankar Bhattacharya, Subrata Banerjee, Debashis Banerjee†, Sharmila Chandra†,Abhijit ChakrabartiSG6.1.1.17 Leukemia: a defect in “growing up”We are involved in understanding the role of cell cycle proliferation, the self renewal pathwaysin controlling differentiation or“growing up” of human hematopoietic stem cells. We have earlierdeveloped a mini EBV vector which carries small interfering RNA(siRNA) for the BCR-ABL geneinvolved in chronic myeloid leukemia. This vector has now been further engineered to transfervarious cell cycle genes and cell signalling molecules into hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+) grownin vitro. The role of the immune system in controlling such aberrant proliferation is being studiedin leukemia and various other cancers. Transcriptional regulation of HLA class I gene by variousmiRNA and human EBV genes are being investigated in mesenchymal-epithelial transition of cancerand its invasiveness.Amitava Sengupta, Subrata BanerjeeSG6.1.2 Macromolecular Crystallography6.1.2.1 A high resolution crystal structure of cyclophilin from Leishmania donovani:Elucidation of its interactions with drugs and proteinsThe crystal structure of cyclophilin from Leishmania donovani (LdCyp) has been determined andrefined at 1.97 esolution to a crystallographic R factor of 0.178 (Rfree = 0.197). The structure wassolved by molecular replacement using cyclophilin from Trypanosoma cruzi as the search model.LdCyp exhibits complete structural conservation of the cyclosporin-binding site with respect to thehomologous human protein, as anticipated from LdCyp-cyclosporin binding studies. Comparisonswith other cyclophilins show deviations primarily in the loop regions. The solvent structure encompassingthe molecule has also been analyzed in some detail. The coordinates of this high resolutionstructure were used to build homology models of different mutants to elucidate its interaction with

206 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.6.1.2.1. Ribbon model of LdCyp showing active site residuesL.donovani adenosine kinase (LdAdK) and Arg147 in LdCyp was found to play a key role inreactivating LdAdk. Cyclophilin mutant (R147A) has been crystallized and also the molecularbiology of calcineurin and some other proteins has been initiated.V Venugopal, Banibrata Sen†, Alok K Datta†, Rahul BanerjeeC&MB6.1.2.2 Sequencing, cloning and expression of the most thermostable Ervatamin,Ervatamin-COur previous studies on Ervatamins established that Ervatamin-C shows unusual stability amongErvatamins and other related proteases. On the basis of this observation we have initiated this programprimarily to understand the role of individual amino acid residues to maintain the structuralintegrity of the thermostable protein at the molecular level. We have sequenced the Ervatamin-CcDNA and cloned the cDNA in the expression vector.Raka Ghosh, JK Dattagupta, Sampa BiswasC&MB6.1.2.3 Structure-function correlation of Cysteine proteases from the latex of a medicinalplant Ervatamia coronariaErvatamin-A, -B and -C, three papain-like cysteine proteases have been isolated from the latex ofthe plant, characterized and X-ray structures of the three have been solved in the previous years.The thermal stability of the individual proteases have been determined from temperature inducedCD spectra and compared among themselves and with other members of the family. The structural

Biophysical Sciences 207basis of stability of the proteases has been explained from the high resolution X-ray structures. Wehave determined the substrate specificity of each protease using spectroscopic techniques with arange of chromogenic peptide substrates. The complexes of ervatamins with a substrate analoginhibitor have been crystallized and X-ray structures have been determined to further explain thesubstrate specificity from a structural point of view.Raka Ghosh, Sampa Biswas, Chandana Chakrabarti, JK DattaguptaC& MB6.1.2.4 Cloning and expression of Papain to improve thermostability for industrialapplicationPapain-like plant cysteine proteases form a well-characterized enzyme having various industrial andpharmacological applications. Papain is the archetype enzyme of this family having high proteolyticactivity suitable for industrial applications. Structure-based protein engineering studies have beeninitiated to increase the stability of the enzyme, another important factor responsible for moreuseful application of any enzyme used in industry. The papain precursor has been cloned andexpressed in a bacterial system. The recombinant protein has been refolded from inclusion bodiesand purified to homogeneity.Debi Choudhury, Sumana Roy, Sampa Biswas, JK Dattagupta, Chandana ChakrabartiC& MB6.1.2.5 Spacer Asn determines the fate of Kunitz (STI) inhibitors, as revealed bystructural and biochemical studies on WCI mutantsNatural serine protease inhibitors, in their own right, bind tightly to their target proteases like asubstrate, yet their rate of hydrolysis is very slow. We have demonstrated the role of a conservedspacer Asn, projecting from the scaffold of the inhibitor towards the binding loop, that resisthydrolysis of the inhibitor. We prepared five mutants of WCI and the results of the structural,kinetic and limited proteolysis studies on these mutants showed that the side chain of spacer Asnfits snugly in the reactive site loop cavity and its ND2 atom forms hydrogen bonds with P2 and P1carbonyl O at either side of the scissile bond holding the cleaved products together and favoringreligation. Through a database analysis, we identified such spacer asparagines in 5 other familiesof serine protease inhibitors with similar side chain disposition and on that basis we have proposeda mechanism of retaining the inhibitory property for most of the serine protease inhibitors.Jhimli Dasgupta, Susmita Khamrui, Jiban K Dattagupta, Udayaditya SenC&MB6.1.2.6 Single mutation at P1 of a chymotrypsin inhibitor changes it to a trypsininhibitor: X-ray structural (2.15 Å) and biochemical basisTo explore the change in specificity, caused by the mutations at P1 site of WCI, we mutated its P1residue (Leu to Arg) and solved the crystal structure at 2.15Åresolution. Structural, biochemical,phylogenetic and docking studies showed that P1 mutation converted WCI to a strong trypsininhibitor. The reactive site loop conformation of the mutant deviated from WCI and adopted a

208 Biennial Report 2005-07structure similar to ETI. Mutation induced structural changes propagated in a concerted mannerto the neighboring conserved scaffolding residue Asn14, such that the side chain of this residue tookan orientation similar to that of ETI and optimized the hydrogen bonds with the loop residues.Docking studies provided information about the accommodation of non-specific residues in theactive site groove of trypsin and the basis of the directional alteration of the reactive site loopconformation has been understood.Susmita Khamrui, Jhimli Dasgupta, Jiban K Dattagupta, Udayaditya SenC&MB6.1.2.7 Importance of a conserved Trp in packing and foldability of WCI: mutationaland structural studiesbeta-trefoil fold is an important fold among the 9 superfolds found in the proteins, whose characteristicfeature is to possess barrel, hairpin-triplet related by pseudo-three fold symmetry. Despitepossessing structural symmetry, their primary sequence bears no internal homology even at theprotein-core. In WCI, an inhibitor having beta-trefoil fold, a highly conserved tryptophan residue(W91) is seen between barrel and hairpin-triplet interface. Owing to its size and strategic positionwe have targeted it for mutagenesis to understand its role in the packing of the protein and foldability.We mutated this residue to Ala and Phe. Both mutants are less soluble than the wild-typeespecially W91A don’t come to the soluble form. W91A was solubilized from inclusion body andpurified. We have crystallized W91F, refined the structure upto 2.6Å.Pallab Bhowmik, Susmita Khamrui, JK Dattagupta, Udayaditya SenC&MB6.1.2.8 Crystal structure of a binary complex between an engineered trypsin inhibitorand bovine trypsinWe have previously demonstrated that a single mutation (Leu65 to Arg) at P1 of winged beanchymotrypsin inhibitor (WCI) shows a strong trypsin inhibitory activity. In order to understandthe molecular basis of strong inhibition conferred by this engineered inhibitor we have crystallizedthe complex of L65R with bovine trypsin and diffraction data has been collected upto 2.60Å. Thecomplex structures has been refined and our analysis shows that minor structural adjustments atthe periphery of the enzyme-inhibitor interface is crucial, in addition to the strong interactions

Biophysical Sciences 209Fig.6.1.2.8. Cartoon representation of a comples between L65R(Gold) and TRYPSIN(MAGENTA & CYAN)offered by the specificity determining residue P1. The scaffolding Asn residue has a definite role inthis inhibition.Susmita Khamrui, Jhimli Dasgupta, Jiban K Dattagupta, Udayaditya SenC&MB6.1.3 Theoretical Biophysics, Molecular Modelling and Bioinformatics6.1.3.1 Conformational specificity of non-canonical base pairs and higher order structuresin nucleic acids: crystal structure database analysisNon-canonical base pairs contribute immensely to the structural and functional variability of RNA,which calls for a detailed characterization of their spatial conformation. Intra-base pair parameters,namely propeller, buckle, open-angle, stagger, shear and stretch describe structure of base pairsindicating planarity and proximity of association between the two bases. In order to study theconformational specificities of non-canonical base pairs occurring in RNA crystal structures, we haveupgraded NUPARM software to calculate these intra-base pair parameters using a new base pairingedge specific axis system. Analysis of base pairs and base triples with the new edge specific axissystem indicate the presence of specific structural signatures for different classes of non-canonicalpairs and triples. Differentiating features could be identified for pairs in cis or trans orientation, aswell as those involving sugar edges or C H-mediated hydrogen bonds. It was seen that propeller forall types of base pairs in cis orientation are generally negative, while those for trans base pairs donot have any preference. Formation of a base triple is seen to reduce propeller of the associated basepair along with reduction of overall flexibility of the pairs. We noticed that base pairs involvingsugar edge are generally more nonplanar, with large propeller or buckle values, presumably toavoid steric clash between the bulky sugar moieties. These specific conformational signatures often

210 Biennial Report 2005-07provide an insight into their role in the structural and functional context of RNA.Shayantani Mukherjee, Manju Bansal†, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP6.1.3.2 Non-Canonical Base Pairs and Higher Order Structures in Nucleic Acids:Crystal Structure Database AnalysisNon-canonical base pairs, mostly present in the RNA, often play a prominent role towards maintainingtheir structural diversity. Higher order structures like base triples are also important in definingand stabilizing the tertiary folded structure of RNA. We have developed a new program BPFINDto analyze different types of canonical and non-canonical base pairs and base triples involving atleast two direct hydrogen bonds formed between polar atoms of the bases or sugar O2 only. Weconsidered 104 possible types of base pairs, out of which examples of 87 base pair types are foundto occur in the available RNA crystal structures. Analysis indicates that approximately 32.7% basepairs in the functional RNA structures are non-canonical, which include different types of GA andGU Wobble base pairs apart from a wide range of base pair possibilities. We further noticed thatmore than 10.4% of these base pairs are involved in triplet formation, most of which play importantrole in maintaining long-range tertiary contacts in the three-dimensional folded structure ofRNA. Apart from detection, the program also gives a quantitative estimate of the conformationaldeformation of detected base pairs in comparison to an ideal planar base pair. This helps us togain insight into the extent of their structural variations and thus assists in understanding theirspecific role towards structural and functional diversity.Jhuma Das, Shayantani Mukherjee, Abhijit Mitra†, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP6.1.3.3 Understanding Base Sequence Dependent DNA Flexibility from Stacking EnergyCalculated by Density Functional TheoryStacking energy of 10 possible DNA base-pair steps (bp step) were calculated using density functionaltheory (DFT) within the ultrasoft pseudo-potential plane wave method using projector augmentedwave method and local density approximation for the exchange-correlation functional asimplemented in the Vienna ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). We study the twist angle dependencyof stacking energy, as it was difficult to explain such variations using classical theory. Wefound that even in an anhydrous medium, the twist angle for different bp steps, at stacking energyminimum, matches extremely well with the values of twist angle obtained from crystal structuredata. From the twist angle dependent stacking energy profile, we have also generated twist angledistributions for all the bp steps and calculated variance of the distribution. Our calculatedvariances show trends similar to the experimental results for which sufficient numbers of crystalstructure data are available. The d(TA).d(TA) doublet step shows maximum variance among the10 possible bp steps, indicating its maximum flexibility. This may be the reason for unusual deformationobserved at the TATA-box while binding to TBP protein.Sudipta Samanta†, Kabir Mukul, Jaydeb Chakrabarti†, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP

Biophysical Sciences 2116.1.3.4 Electronics and Quantum Chemistry of GrapheneMany groups have carried out quantum chemical calculations of graphene across the globe by usingDensity Functional Theory (DFT) and utilizing translational periodicity of the infinite molecule.This method, however, is not suitable for a nanometer size graphene sheet where end-effects due toterminal carbons bonded to hydrogen may give different electronic environment to the conductionelectrons. We have carried out quantum chemical calculations of graphene nano-layers of differentdimensions to characterize the systems and their properties. In this process we have adopted aDFT method suitable for small organic or biomolecules and this does not require translationalperiodicity as mostly used for treating solid-state materials. Structures of edges of 2D graphenesheets are either of trans (zig-zag) or cis (arm-chair) in nature. We found drastically differentelectron population at the two types of edges; electronic populations near the carbons at trans edgeare more than those at cis edges. We further found that a hole creation by proton bombardmentcan give rise to curvature of the molecule and those centers accumulates large fraction of electrons.Such a defect can give rise to unusual property like farro-magnetism due to such excess electronpopulation.Sangam Banerjee†, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP6.1.3.5 Structure, Stability and Dynamics of Canonical and Non-CanonicalImportance of non Watson-Crick base pairs in three-dimensional structure of RNA is now wellestablished. Structure and stability of these non-canonical base pairs are, however, poorly understood.We have attempted to understand structural features of 33 frequently occurring base pairsusing density functional theory. These are of three types, namely (i) those stabilized by two ormore polar hydrogen bonds between the bases, (ii) those having one polar and another CHO/Ntype interactions and (iii) those having one H-bond between the bases and another involving oneof the sugars linked to the bases. We found that the base pairs having two polar H-bonds are verystable as compared to those having one C-HO/N interaction. Our quantitatively analysis of structuresof these optimized base pairs indicates that they possess different amount of non-planaritywith large propeller or buckle values as also observed in the crystal structures. We further foundthat geometry optimization, does not modify the hydrogen-bonding pattern, as values of shear andopen angle of the base pairs remain conserved. The structures of initial crystal geometry and finaloptimized geometry of some base pairs having only one polar H-bond and a C-H...O/N interaction,however, are significantly different, indicating weak nature of the nonpolar interaction. The basepair flexibility, as measured from normal mode analysis, in terms of the intrinsic standard deviationsof the base pair structural parameters are in conformity with those calculated from RNA crystalstructures. We also noticed deformation of a base pair along stretch direction is impossible for allthe base pairs and movements of the base pairs along shear and open are also quite restricted. Thebase pair opening mode through alteration of propeller or buckle are considerably less restrictedfor most of the base pairs.Ashim Roy, Swati Panigrahi, Malyasri Bhattacharyya, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP

212 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.3.6 Estimation of strength in different extra Watson Crick Hydrogen bonds inDNA double helicesIt was shown earlier, from database analysis, model building studies, and molecular dynamics simulationsthat formation of cross-strand bifurcated or Extra Watson Crick hydrogen (EWC) bondsbetween successive base pairs may lead to extra rigidity to DNA double helices of certain sequences.The strengths of these hydrogen bonds are debatable, however, as they do not have standard lineargeometry criterion. We have therefore carried out detailed ab initio quantum chemical studies usingRHF/6-31G(2d,2p) and B3LYP/6-31G(2p,2d) basis sets to determine strengths of several benthydrogen bonds with different donor and acceptors. Interaction energy calculations, corrected forthe basis set superposition errors, suggest that NH...O type bent EWC hydrogen bonds are possiblealong same strands or across the strands between successive base pairs, leading to significant stability(ca. 49 kcal/mol). The NH...N and CH...O type interactions, however, are not so stabilizing.Hence, consideration of EWC NH...O H-bonds can lead to a better understanding of DNA sequencedirected structural features.Debashree Bandyopadhyay, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP6.1.3.7 Development of a model for packing of side chains within proteinsUnderstanding the modes of side chain packing within proteins is significant both in the contextof protein folding and also their thermal stability. Till date, two models of side chain packing hasbeen proposed a) the jigsaw puzzle model and b) the nuts and bolts model. The jigsaw puzzlemodel postulates that the amino acid side chains associate with stereo-specific geometry rather likethe pieces of a three dimensional jigsaw puzzle. A previous calculation (Banerjee et al, J Mol Biol(2003), 333, 211- 226) in this laboratory confirmed, that indeed for a class of side chain contacts (buried within protein interiors), the angles characterizing inter - residue geometry do indeed exhibitnon-random statistics. Any model of packing should correctly predict the side chain torsion angles( ) of correctly folded native proteins, given the coordinates of the main chain atoms. Based onthe jigsaw puzzle model a calculation has been performed to predict the angles mentioned above.Currently the algorithm predicts the side chain torsion of completely buried hydrophobic residuesleucine, isoleucine, valine with an accuracy of about 70 - 75 % , and about 85 % for phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan. The polar and charged residues perform with reduced accuracy and theprediction algorithm fails completely for serine. Currently we are investigating whether there couldbe alternative packing modes within a correctly folded protein, which might lead to a third modelof protein side chain packing.Rahul Banerjee, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, V VenugopalC&MB6.1.3.8 Understanding Structural Stabilities of Non-Canonical Base Pairs in RNA byMolecular Dynamics SimulationsAll naturally occurring cellular RNAs display variety of secondary structural motifs like folds, loops,turns and knots interspersing stretches of regular double helical secondary structures, dependingon their function. Regular stretches of A-form RNA mostly exhibit canonical Watson-Crick base

Biophysical Sciences 213pairs, formed through hydrogen bonds between complementary bases Adenine-Uracil and Guanine-Cytosine. Such A form helices are an important structural motif in RNA. It has been reportedearlier that apart from Watson-Crick edge, a base in RNA can also undergo pairing through Hoogsteenor the sugar edges. However, their role in a double helical region is not yet known. We havefirst detected all possible canonical or non-canonical base pairs from 208 high-resolution crystalstructures of RNA. Analysis of the surrounding regions of the non-canonical base pairs indicatesthat often these are located within double helical structures flanked by Watson-Crick base pairs.We have selected four such structures, which are 7-11 base pair long and carried out MolecularDynamics simulation. These models were neutralized, solvated by TIP3P water model and energyminimized prior to MD simulation. We found two of these short sequences undergo double helixmelting through breaking of base pairing, especially at the ends. One structure, which has threeconsecutive non-canonical base pairs, namely A:A S:H T, A:U H:W T and A:G H:S T base pairs,is found to be quite stable even after 3.0ns of MD simulation. This indicates such unusual basepairs can also lead to sufficient stability to the double helix formation.Somdutta Saha†, Parijat Majumder, Dhananjay BhattacharyyaBP6.1.3.9 Role of Base Pairs Flexibility in Molecular Recognition in a Protein/DNAComplexIn the indirect mode of protein/DNA recognition, substantial deformation of DNA is observedto form adequate number of non-covalent bonds. It is extremely important to know the role ofindividual base pair (bp) to have a microscopic picture of molecular recognition. We developeda semi-coarse grained approach using the crystal structure data to estimate the contribution ofdifferent bp steps in a protein-DNA complex. We calculate equilibrium properties and the kineticsof a protein/DNA complex via the binding patterns and the free energy profiles of the DNA bp step,obtained from their atomic configurations. We apply the method to the TATA-box binding protein(TBP)-TATA box DNA sequence complex. The local rigidity and time period of small oscillationscorresponding to each of the six local bp step motions are calculated from the curvature at freeenergy minimum of the free energy profile. We estimate the change in free energy and entropy foreach of the bp steps. We also estimate the free energy gain to the protein due to non-covalent bondformation with a particular bp step. The free energy barriers, experienced by the DNA bp steps intransition from the free state to the complexed state, along with the correlation between differentbp step parameters, suggest a multi step kinetics of the complexation.Sudipta Samanta†, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, J Chakrabarti†BP6.1.4 Chemical Biology6.1.4.1 Zn(II)-containing enzymes as targets for DNA-binding aureolic acid group ofantibioticsMithramycin and chromomycin A3 are known to act via reversible association with DNA. In thelast few years, we have shown that metalloenzymes containing Zn(II) could be potential targetin vivo, because the antibiotics bind to Zn(II) with a high affinity. Our studies using alcoholdehydrogenase as a typical example have shown that the antibiotics bind to the metal ion at the

214 Biennial Report 2005-07active and structural sites leading to disruption of the oligomeric enzyme. It culminates in the lossof the enzyme activity. We have demonstrated the colocalization of the antibiotic and the enzymein the cytoplasmic region of Hep G2 cell, thereby supporting the validity of our proposition aboutintracellular mode of action of these anibiotics.P Grihanjali DeviBP6.1.4.2 Mechanism of transcription by T7 RNA polymeraseAs a sequel to our earlier report that the dye, cibacron blue binds to the enzyme at the twobinding sites for GTP we have attempted to locate the binding sites for the substrate GTP. Bymeans of isothermal calorimetry and docking calculations we mapped the bindng sites partially andelaborated the binding energetics for the association of the dye with the enzyme.Sudipta Pal, Rahul BanrejeeBP6.1.4.3 Effect of DNA binding antibiotics upon chromatin structureWe have examined the effect of a DNA binding plant alkaloid, sanguinarine, upon the structureof chromatin and nucleosome. Like other antibiotics, such as mithramycin and chromomycin, thiscompound induces chromatin aggregation and nucleosomal instability leading to DNA release. Wehave also done extensive thermodynamic studies to understand the energetics of their associationwith chromatin and nucleosome. Our objective is to detect thermodynamic signature of structuralalterations in chromatin and nucleosome induced by the small DNA-binding molecu:w les.Suman Kalyan Pradhan, Parijat Majumder, TK Kundu, Dipak DasguptaBP6.1.4.4 Self Aggregation of the drug MithramycinThe anionic form of the aureolic acid antibiotic Mithramycin undergoes self-association to formtetramer via the initial formation of dimer from monomer. The notable feature of the aggregationis that it is mediated by the carbohydrate moieties in the antibiotic, hitherto unreported for carbohydratecontaining antibiotics.Shibojyoti Lahiri, Parijat Majumder, P Grihanjali Devi, Dipak DasguptaBP6.1.5 Cellular & Molecular Biology6.1.5.1 Study of the survival pathways, which lead to the inhibition of apoptosis inV79 fibroblasts after environmental stressThis study was initiated in 2001 to investigate the roles of MAP kinase family enzymes (ERK, P38MAPK and JNK) , and the PI3 kinase -Akt pathway in the inhibition of apoptosis/greater survival

Biophysical Sciences 215rates in chronically stressed V79 fibroblasts. We initially characterized the chronic oxidative stressresponse produced against H 2 O 2 exposure. At present we are characterizing in detail the cellularresponse to chronic heat stress at the molecular level. Cross-talk between the two forms of stressin the activation of key signaling elements such as p38MAPK, NFkB, and Akt/PKB and theirdownstream effectors such as Bcl-2, Bad, and heat shock proteins is also being studied.Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi, Prabir Chakraborty, Prosenjit Sen, Sanghamitra RahaC& MB6.1.5.2 Cell death mechanisms in Entamoeba histolytica: association with activationof protein kinasesGenes encoding a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and an Akt/PKB kinase from thehuman enteric parasite, Entamoeba histolytica were identified. These protein kinases usually knownto be associated with survival or anti-apoptosis was cloned and expressed in bacteria. The role ofthe putative MAP kinase ( 40 kDa) and the Akt in growth inhibition of this parasite are beinginvestigated during heat stress, peroxide stress, and glucose deprivation. Cell death mechanisms inEntamoeba histolytica are also under investigation.Anupama Sardar, Doel Ray, Suman Dutta, Sanghamitra RahaC& MB6.1.5.3 Effects of natural products on the pro-survival signal transduction pathwaysin chronically stressed cells and cancer cellsThe cellular pro-survival pathways are extremely important because of their association with aberrantincreases in cellular mass in cancer cells. We found that Resveratrol (present in grapes)effectively counteracts the anti-apoptotic or pro-survival effects of chronic/repetitive stress throughinhibition of NFkB and Akt pro-survival pathways. Furthermore, we also studied the molecularbasis of the apoptosis-promoting effects of Resveratrol in cancer cells. We found that Resveratrolinhibits key signaling elements associated with cellular survival in chronic myeloid leukemia K562cells.Prabir Chakraborty, Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi, Sanghamitra RahaC&MB6.1.5.4 Characterization of a p21 activated kinase (PAK) from Entamoeba histolyticaA p21 activated kinase was identified from Entamoeba genome data. The protein was cloned andexpressed. In the quest of the cellular function of this PAK, we studied the change in intracellularlocalisation of this PAK during stress. It was found that this PAK translocates to the insolublecytoskeleton during stress. Further, characterization of this protein kinase is in progress.Suman Dutta, Anupama Sardar, Sushanta Debnath, Sanghamitra RahaC&MB

216 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.5.5 In Search of Halophilic bacteria from Natural Sources:Although a lot of work has been done on halophilic organisms, which includes a wide range ofarcheabacteria, a systematic study of the halophilic/ halo-tolerant bacteria is quite scanty in theliterature. In order to undertake a study in this field we have isolated halophilic/ halo-tolerantbacteria from dry fish procured from different places of origin. We have obtained a number of suchbacteria, on which we are working to have an idea of their morphological, biochemical and salttolerance properties. Initial study revealed that the organisms isolated, were mostly gram positivecocci and their salt tolerance levels was upto 3M of NaCl.Sambaran Dey, AK PalBP6.1.5.6 Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: Regulation of S-phase specificgene expression in Leishmania donovaniThe lack of transcriptional regulation in unicellular protozoa trypanosomatids, many species ofwhich cause a wide range of human diseases, suggests the presence of distinct post-transcriptionalmechanisms to control differential gene expression. In fact, the stability of S-phase specific mR-NAs in these parasites is determined primarily by the presence of the octanucleotide sequence(C/A)AUAGAA(G/A) in the UTRs of the transcripts. We have cloned and characterized themRNA cycling sequence binding proteins from Leishmania donovani (LdCSBP), which specificallybinds to the octanucleotide containing RNA. The LdCSBP protein contains multiple putative functionaldomains including two types of ubiquitin binding domains UBA and CUE, two CCCH-typeZn-finger motifs and a speculative endonuclease domain SMR. The Zn-finger motifs have beenshown to contain the specific RNA binding activity of LdCSBP. Interestingly, the protein is covalentlymodified through ubiquitination. This observation and the occurrence of multiple ubiquitinbinding domains in the protein raise the possibility of regulation of the activity of LdCSBP byubiquitination. (This project is partially funded by DBT, India)Dipankar Bhandari, Partha SahaC&MB6.1.5.7 Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: Characterization of cyclinsfrom Leishmania donovaniLike in other eucaryotes, cyclins and CRKs (CDK Related Kinases) are essential for the cell cycleprogression in Leishmania. In our laboratory, a cyclin (LdCyc1) and a CRK (LdCRK3) havealready been characterized from Leishmania donovani. Another cyclin molecule (LdCyc2) hasbeen cloned from the same parasite. The full length ORF has been sequenced and the sequence hasbeen submitted to the GenBank. Northern Blot analysis revealed that the mRNA of the LdCyc2gene was expressed maximally 3 hous after an S phase arrest with Hydroxyurea, one cell cycleduration being about 3.5 hours. The mechanism of such periodic expression of the message is beingstudied.Santanu Roy, Partha SahaC&MB

Biophysical Sciences 2176.1.5.8 Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: Putative DNA replication initiationprotein LdORC1 from Leishmania donovaniBinding of six subunits of Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) to replicator sequence is the first stepfor the formation of pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) for the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes.But, in disease causing protozoan parasites of kinetoplastidae order, only one ORC1/Cdc6 likeprotein is present and other ORC subunits are apparently absent, as revealed from the completedgenome sequences of Leishmania major, Trypanosoma brucei and T Cruzi. It may be possible thatthe single ORC1/Cdc6 like protein recruits other homologous initiation proteins in kinetoplastidaor it takes help of unique proteins for replication initiation. In order to study the uniqueness ofreplication initiation in kinetoplastida, we have cloned and sequenced the gene coding for the putativeORC1/Cdc6 like protein from L donovani. We have checked the expression of the messengerRNA from LdORC1 gene by RT-PCR. The protein is expressed in E coli with 6 His tag and purifiedto raise antibody. Further characterization of the gene and the expressed proteins are being carriedout.Anup Kumar Maity, Partha SahaC&MB6.1.5.9 Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: Screening of substrates of cyclindependant kinases of Leishmania donovaniThe cyclin-dependant protein kinases (Cdk), are the key regulators of eucaryotic cell cycle progression.A cyclin-Cdc2 related protein kinase (CRK) complex, viz., LdCyc1-LdCRK3 has beenimplicated in regulation of S-phase related activities in Leishmania donovani, the causative agentof Kala-azar. Since the conserved substrate-docking motif is present in LdCyc1, it is expected thatthe protein will interact with targets carrying RRLFG-like Cy motif, which may be the substratesor the inhibitors of LdCyc1-ldCRK3 complex. Based on such hypothesis, we have identified theputative open reading frames (ORFs) in the genomic sequence of Leishmania major that containthe Cy-motif and the Cdk phosphorylation motif (S/T)PX(K/R) in order to identify the potentialsubstrates of the kinase complex. We have successfully amplified six out of twenty five ORFs attemptedand from three of them protein could be expressed in vitro by wheat germ based coupledtranscription and translation reaction. All three of them have been shown to act as in vitro substratesof LdCyc1-CRK3 complex. (This project is partially funded by CSIR, India)Alakananda Goswami (Nag), Partha SahaC&MB6.1.5.10 J-domain containing proteins in cellular regulatory processesMRJ (mammalian relative to DnaJ) is a conserved J-domain containing human protein that belongsto HSP40 (heat shock protein, molecular mass 40 kDa) class of molecular chaperonins or cochaperons.The conserved J-domain was first found in E. Coli DnaJ protein and later in variousproteins of diverse organisms from yeast to human. The primary function of a J-domain containingproteins is to assist HSP70 for protein folding. Apart from that, they show a diverse cellularfunction owing to their less conserved C-terminal domain. The cell cycle specific modulation ofMRJ transcript was observed in a microarray analysis. As MRJ transcript is modulated duringcell cycle, we are interested to look upon the status of the protein and its role during cell cycle.

218 Biennial Report 2005-07We have raised the polyclonal antisera against the bacterially expressed less conserved C-terminalportion of MRJ. Western blot analyses with the antiserum of the protein extract from synchronizedHeLa cells at different phases of the cell cycle have shown that the protein is overexpressed inmitosis phase. Immuno-fluoroscence with the same antiserum on HeLa cells has shown that MRJprotein is localized in the nuclear periphery and moving to nucleus at late G2-phase. Also we haveseen microscopically that MRJ is associated with nuclear cytoskeleton structure in dividing cellsduring M-phase. This phenomenon is further established in our biochemical analysis of fractionatedchromatin and non-chromatin protein from Hela cells. So it will be interesting to study the functionof MRJ in cell cycle and stress responsive pathway that can modify cell cycle.Sanjib Dey, Partha SahaC&MB6.1.6 Toxicology & Related Studies6.1.6.1 SOS induction by Heat ShockIn continuation of the study of SOS induction in Salmonella typhimurium cells by heat shock, ithas been revealed further that this effect is observable only by the synergistic action of heat shockand mechanical shearing in a water bath at 50 C. The effects of the individual agents and also incombination are being studied to arrive at some significant and meaningful conclusion.Mita Ghosh, A Pal, AK PalBP6.1.6.2 Role of Turmeric extracts in bacterial system:We have been working with turmeric extracts in bacterial assay system for quite a period of time,in order to explore its altogether unknown role/s, if any. We have come across another bioactivecomponent of turmeric over and above the already reported one viz. Curcumin. We are investigatingthe effects of the different bioactive components of turmeric (having altogether different properties)vis-A-vis the extract in totality, in bacterial assay systems.A Pal, Mita Ghosh, AK PalBP6.1.6.3 Environmental impacts on nitrogen fixing bacteriaThe soil bacteria Rhizobia are the most promising and agriculturally important group for biologicalnitrogen fixation.Crop producers often supplement chemical fertilizers for better growth and vigourof crop of choice.Indiscriminate use of fertilizers lead to accumulation of phosphates, nitrates andpotassium in the soil. These over application of fertilizers may be harmful to various soil inhabitants.Wehave already established that different nitrogenous fertilizers e.g., urea, ammonium sulfateand sodium nitrate in low to high doses have detrimental effect on Rhizobium sp. cells in liquidculture medium as revealed by microbiological and ultrastructural studies. Potassium based fertilizerse.g., potassium chloride and potassium sulphate also showed interesting results as revealed

Biophysical Sciences 219by microbiological experiments. Ultrastructural studies are on the way. Further another environmentalcategory i.e., resource depletion to Rhizobium sp. cells showed significant ultrastructuralchanges.Tapan K Roy, Radha BhattacharyaBP6.1.6.4 Anticarcinogenic potentiality of vanadium, β-carotene and vitamin D3 in rathepato-carcinogenesis and colon carcinogenesisVanadium a trace element has recently been found to possess potent antineoplastic activity inhepatocarcinogenesis and colon carcinogenesis. Recent studies also demonstrated that the activecomponent of β-carotene and vitamin D3 has a protective effect against malignant transformation.Our aim is to elucidate synergistic effect of all the three component/ two of them in rat hepatocarcinogenesisand vanadium to colon carcinogenesis. Histopathological, biochemical, molecularand ultrastructural studies revealed that combined supplementation of vanadium plus β-caroteneand vanadium plus β-carotene plus active component of vitamin D3 and vanadium plus vitaminD3 in different doses and stages of malignancy in rat hepato-carcinogenesis have considerablechemopreventive role in DEN induced and phenobarbitol promoted carcinogenesis. All the resultscorroborate each other. Fine structural changes revealed by electron microscopy totally agreedwith the biochemical, histopathological and molecular studies. Moreover molecular role of vanadiumin chemical mammary carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro using MCF cell line were studiedextensively.Ultrastructural studies colon carcinogenesis are in progress.Mitali Basu Chattopadhyay†, Tridib Chakrabarty†, CB Mahendra Kumar†, Suresh Kannai†, RajarshiRoy†, Shaonly Samanta†, Radha Bhattacharya, Malay Chatterjee†BP6.1.7 Photochemistry, Photophysics & Biomolecular Spectroscopy6.1.7.1 Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Binding with Red Blood Cell Membranes: Absorptionand Fluorescence Spectroscopic studiesbeta-trefoil Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic drugs effectiveagainst a wide range of free radical mediated diseases. Hence their interactions with cell membranes,which generally serve as targets for lipid peroxidation, are of enormous interest. Inthis context we have initiated in vitro studies via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy,on the effects of several flavonoids namely, quercetin (3,3’,4’,5,7,-pentahydroxyflavone), morin(3,5,7,2’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone), fisetin (3, 3’,4’,7,-tetrahydroxyflavone), robinetin (3,7,3’,4’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavone), 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF), 7-hydroxyflavone (7-HF) along with theisoflavonoid genestin (5,7,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone), in goat erythrocyte ghost membranes. Owing tothe presence of functionally relevant membrane protein components embedded in the lipid bilayererythrocyte ghosts provide a more realistic system for exploring drug actions in biomembranesthan simpler membrane models like phosphatidylcholine liposomes used in previous studies. Ourobservations suggest binding and protective potential of these polyphenolic compounds against freeradical-mediated oxidative damage to biomembranes. Further work is in progress.Sudip Chaudhuri†, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K SenguptaBP

220 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.7.2 Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction ofSome Flavonoids with Egg Phosphatydilcholine LiposomesOver the last decade, naturally occurring plant flavonoids have emerged as an important classof potentially important therapeutic drugs for free radical mediated diseases for which cell membranesgenerally serve as targets for lipid peroxidation. In this context we have initiated studieson the interactions of several flavonoids namely, robinetin (3,7,3’,4’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavone),3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) and 7- hydroxyflavone (7-HF) with liposomes prepared from egg yolkphosphatydilcholine (EYPC), using their excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) anddual luminescence behaviour. Additionally, absorption spectrophotometric assay was performed toevaluate their antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation in these biodegradable and immunologicallyinert liposomes. Our investigations reveal that binding of the flavonoids to the EYPCliposomal membranes significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation, suggesting that robinetin, 3-HF and7-HF can be potentially useful as inhibitors of peroxidative damage of cell membranes. Furtherwork is in progress.Sudip Chaudhuri†, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K SenguptaBP6.1.7.3 Encapsulation of therapeutically active plant flavonoids in -cyclodextrinnanocavity: Spectroscopic and molecular mechanics studiesFlavonoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found ubiquitously in common plantbased food and beverages, e.g. onions, apples, tea and red wine. In recent years several bioactiveflavonoids have gradually emerged as potential alternatives to the conventional therapeutic drugsfor combating against a wide range of free radical mediated and other human diseases. Howeverthe therapeutic usefulness and bioavailability of flavonoids are often limited due to their poor watersolubility. In this context cyclodextrins (CDx) which are cyclic oligomers of D-glucopyranose units,have found wide applications as efficient drug delivery systems. We examined the encapsulation offour different flavonoids (namely 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF), 7-hydroxyflavone (7-HF), fisetin (3, 7,3 ′ , 4 ′ -OH flavone) and robinetin (3, 7, 3 ′ , 4 ′ , 5 ′ -OH flavone) inside the nanocavities of natural andchemically modified beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDx and SHP-beta-CDx), utilizing the exquisitelysensitive intrinsic dual emission (arising due to excited state proton transfer (ESPT)) property ofthe flavonoids as probe. Detailed analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra and lifetime dataindicate that the flavonoids readily enter the doughnut-shaped hydrophobic cavity of beta-CDxsand form 1:1 inclusion complexes. The binding affinities of the flavonoids with beta-CDxs have beenestimated from the emission data. The complexation process has also been investigated by near UVcircular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Emergence of prominent induced circular dichroism (ICD)bands has been noted in the absorption region of the flavonoids. Furthermore, molecular mechanicscalculations have been performed to explore the mode of inclusion of the flavonoid molecules insidethe beta-CDx cavities. These calculations indicate that the inclusion process involved here isenergetically favored and encapsulation occurs through the insertion of the chromone ring insidethe CDx nanocavity with the phenyl ring exposed, agreeing well with the experimental data.Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K SenguptaBP

Biophysical Sciences 2216.1.7.4 Interaction of 7-Hydroxyflavone with Human Serum Albumin: A SpectroscopicStudyWe performed a detailed study on the interactions of the model flavone, 7-hydroxyflavone (7HF)with the plasma protein human serum albumin (HSA), employing electronic absorption, fluorescence(steady state and time resolved) and induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy. Thespectral data indicate that in the protein matrix, the neutral 7HF molecules are predominantlytransformed to a conjugate anion (7HFA) by a proton abstraction in the ground state. The protein(HSA) environment induces dramatic enhancements in the fluorescence emission intensity,anisotropy (r) and lifetime (τ) values, significant decrease in non radiative decay rates (k nr ), aswell as pronounced changes in the fluorescence excitation and emission profiles of the fluorophore.Moreover, evidence for efficient Förster type resonance energy transfer (FRET, from tryptophan to7HFA) is found, from which we infer that the binding site of 7HF in HSA is proximal to the uniquetryptophan - 214 residue present in the inter-domain (between IIA and IIIA domains) loop regionof the protein. The binding constant and the Gibbs free energy change for 7HFA-HSA interactionhave been estimated from the emission data. Finally, the near-UV circular dichroism (CD) studiesshow that the electronic transitions of 7HF are strongly perturbed on binding to the chiral host(HSA), leading to the appearance of ICD bands.Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K SenguptaBP6.1.7.5 Does phenazine form triplet excimer and dimer anion radical?Phenazine (PZ) undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with aromatic amines, N, N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, 4,4 ′ -bis(dimethylamino) diphenylmethane and triethylamineand DNA bases, adenine and thymine. During laser flash photolysis experiments with PZ we haveobserved a stable species with a long lifetime at 380 nm in addition to the usual triplet at 440nm. The former is suggested to be due to formation of triplet PZ excimer. The triplet excimeralso undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with the bases. The formation of transient radicalions is confirmed by external magnetic field effect studies. Measurement of B 1/2 , which estimateshyperfine interaction present in the system, also supports this assignment.Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Chitra Raha, Samita BasuCSD6.1.7.6 Magnetic field effect on photoinduced electron transfer between dibenzo[a,c]-phenazine and different amines in acetonitrile-water mixtureUnlike simple phenazine molecule, one of its derivatives, dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DBPZ) forms acharge transfer complex in the triplet state ( 3 ECT) with different amines e.g. N,N-dimethylaniline,4,4 ′ -bis(dimethylamino)diphenylmethane and triethylamine (TEA). Formation of the 3 ECT andradical ion pairs (RIPs) due to electron transfer is identified by laser flash photolysis. A prominentmagnetic field effect (MFE) is observed in both the cases of 3 ECT and RIPs in homogeneousacetonitrile-water mixture. This rare observation of the 3 ECT and MFE in non-viscous mediumcould be explained by considering the extended planar structure of DBPZ and inter-radical hydrogenbonding, mediated by the intervening water molecules. The low B 1/2 value for DBPZ-TEA system

222 Biennial Report 2005-07is ascribed to fast electron exchange due to close proximity of the corresponding radical ions.Debarati Dey, Adity Bose(neé Chowdhury), Chitra Raha, Manas Chakraborty†, Samita Basu CSD6.1.7.7 Interaction of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine with hydroxylic solventsIntermolecular hydrogen bonding is a site-specific local interaction between hydrogen donor andacceptor molecules that plays a dominant role in various forms of molecular recognition processes.We have synthesized dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DBPZ) and found that it acts as a hydrogen-bondingprobe that remains insensitive to polarity of the solvents. Steady state and time-resolved fluorescencestudies of DBPZ reveal that with hydroxylic solvents (e.g., water, methanol, ethanol,isopropanol, t-butanol) DBPZ forms hydrogen bond extensively only in the excited state and thatis supported by the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity as well as the fluorescence lifetime.This fact is further supported by theoretical studies using GAMESS software.Debarati Dey, Adity Bose (neé Chowdhury), Chitra Raha, Dhananjay Bhattacharya, Shyam SundarMaity†, Sanjib Ghosh†, Samita BasuCSD6.1.7.8 Interactions between 9,10-anthraquinone and aromatic amines in homogeneousand micellar media: a laser flash photolysis and magnetic field effectstudyThe interactions between 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and different aromatic amines, N,N dimethylanilineand 4,4 ′ bis (dimethylamino) diphenylmethane (DMDPM), have been studied using absorption,steady-state fluorescence, and laser flash photolysis techniques and magnetic field effect in organichomogeneous and heterogeneous micellar media, where electron transfer from amines to excitedAQ is observed. Another novel feature is the abnormal behaviour of DMDPM in micellar mediumpertaining to energy transfer between DMDPM and AQ, which is prominent due to caging of boththe molecules and restricted motion of DMDPM in hydrophobic region of micelle.Adity Bose (neé Chowdhury), Chitra Raha, Samita BasuCSD6.1.7.9 Structure dependent switchover of reaction modes: a laser flash photolysisand magnetic field effect studyWe have investigated the mode of interactions of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione, MQ)with some organic amine bases e.g., triethylamine (TEA), N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and 4,4 ′ bis(dimethylamino)diphenylmethane (DMDPM), using polar organic homogeneous medium (acetonitrile)and heterogeneous micellar medium (SDS). In acetonitrile MQ undergoes electron transfer(ET) with all three amines but in SDS micelles it abstracts hydrogen from DMA and DMDPM,although ET persists with TEA. The differential behavior between AQ and MQ with amines isobserved due to the difference in structure of the molecules, where AQ has an extra phenyl ringcompared to MQ, and the solvents.Adity Bose (neé Chowdhury), Debarati Dey, Chitra Raha, Samita BasuCSD

Biophysical Sciences 2236.1.7.10 Investigation of the interactions of quinone drug like molecules with DNAbasesWe have investigated the mode of interactions of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (menadione, MQ) with some DNA bases and their nucleosides in organic homogeneousmedium (acetonitrile/water) and heterogeneous micellar medium using laser flash photolysisand magnetic field effect. In micellar medium MQ supports a dominating H abstraction with adenine(ADN) and adenosine (ADSN) while it leads to a competitive electron transfer (ET) and Habstraction with thymine (THM) and thymidine (THD). On the other hand, AQ preferred ETwith ADN and ADSN while H abstraction seems to be prominent with THM and THD. All suchobservations can be explained by characteristic behavior of the interacting molecules in the confinedenvironment.Adity Bose (neé Chowdhury), Debarati Dey, Chitra Raha, Samita BasuCSD6.1.7.11 Interaction of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with indole derivatives and some relatedbiomolecules: a study with magnetic fieldWe have studied the interaction of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) with some indole derivatives,the amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan and the model proteins, lysozyme and bovine serumalbumin using laser flash photolysis and an external magnetic field. In an aprotic medium, photoinducedelectron transfer (PET) from indoles to 4NQO is accompanied by proton transfer fromthe indole moieties irrespective of the substitution at the N-1 position. For 1,2-dimethylindolehowever, proton abstraction is hindered possibly due to steric effect. In a protic medium, obviouslyproton transfer is possible from the medium and is the dominating reaction following PET. Anotherinteresting observation is that PET takes place preferably from the tryptophan residues rather thanfrom the tyrosine residues.Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Chitra Raha, Samita BasuCSD6.1.7.12 Investigation of the mode of interaction of menadione with hen egg whitelysozymeWe have attempted to elucidate the molecular details of the nature of the interaction betweenmenadione (2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) with hen egg white lysozyme using steady state fluorescencespectroscopy to monitor the binding. A red shifted excited state complex is formed dueto binding of menadione with lysozyme. Laser flash photolysis experiments indicate that this isa charge transfer complex formed by the electron transfer from a tryptophan (Trp) residue of theprotein to the naphthoquinone. Based on circular dichroism data, we have shown that the proteinundergoes significant secondary structural changes with an increase in α-helical content as menadionebinds. Docking studies suggest that menadione lies within hydrogen bonding distance of theindole moiety of Trp 108 of lysozyme.Swagata Banerjee, Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Swagata Dasgupta†, Chitra Raha, SamitaBasuCSD

224 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.8 Conducting Polymer/Nanocomposite6.1.8.1 PEDOT-DBSA-Fe 3 O 4 Conducting Nanocomposite: Preparation and Characterizationand Magnetic PropertiesSynthesis and characterization of a new nanocomposite involving PEDOT (Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are described. The aim is to obtain a nanocomposite wherethe conducting properties of PEDOT can be combined with the magnetic properties of ferrosoferricoxide (Fe 3 O 4 ). Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis of a mixture of ferrousand ferric salts. Nanocomposite samples of varying proportions of inorganic and organic componentswere synthesized by adding EDOT monomer stabilized in miceller solution of sodium saltof DBSA (dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid) to aqueous colloidal dispersion of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticlesfollowed by oxidative polymerization using APS. Dark blue colored nanocomposite remained in thedispersed phase. Nanocomposite samples were isolated in the solid state by adding ethanol. Roomtemperature DC conductivity of the samples are of the order of ∼ 10 −3 S/cm. TEM photographsof Fe 3 O 4 showed presence of distinct spherical naonparticles in the diameter range 20-40 nm andthose of nanocomposite samples show that oxide particles are incorporated in the polymer chain.Electrical, thermal and crystalline properties of the pure PEDOT have improved after compositeformation. Electrical transport and magnetic properties of the materials were studied.Amitabha De, Pintu Sen, A Das, A PoddarCSD6.1.8.2 Smooth crossover from variable-range hopping with Coulomb gap to nearestneighborinterchain hopping in conducting polymersThe temperature dependence of the conductivity of a set of poly-3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene samplessynthesized by varying the oxidizing agent and its molar ratio with the monomer is in excellentagreement with that in the model prescribed by Aharony et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 39001992, which predicts a smooth crossover from the Coulomb-gap dominated variable-range hoppingVRH at low temperatures to the Mott three-dimensional-VRH at high-enough temperatures. Inthe temperature regime of such crossover, it takes the form log T- 1/3 , which is attributed to thenearest-neighbor interchain hopping characteristic of short average conjugation length.Sanjib Maji, Soumik Mukhopadhyay, R Gangopadhyay, Amitabha DeCSD6.1.8.3 Synthesis and Electronic properties of Disordered NanowiresNanowire fabrication by template based synthesis technique has been demonstrated. Conductingpolymer nanowires were synthesized using both chemical and electrochemical method. Electronictransport properties of these nanowires were demonstrated which strongly depends on the synthesiscondition. Electro-chemically synthesized sample shows higher conductivity. The current-voltagecharacteristics shows a power-law behavior at low temperature. Differential conductance showsincrease in zero bias conductance with increasing diameter and also with increasing temperature.These results indicate significance of electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction in determin-

Biophysical Sciences 225ing the electronic transport properties of these nanowires.A Rahman, MK Sanyal, R Gangopadhyay, Amitabha DeCSD6.1.8.4 Characterization and dielectric properties of polyanilineTiO 2 nanocompositesNanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI)titanium dioxide (PANITiO 2 ) are prepared from a colloidalsol of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The dc and ac conductivities of samples with different concentrationsof PANI have been investigated as a function of frequency and temperature. The dc conductivityfollows three-dimensional variable range hopping. The ac conductivity has been interpreted as apower law of frequency. The temperature variation of the frequency exponent suggests a correlatedbarrier hopping conduction process in the nanocomposites. A very large dielectric constant ofabout 3700 at room temperature has been observed. An electric modulus presentation is used tointerpret the dielectric spectra. The interface between polyaniline and TiO 2 plays an importantrole in yielding a large dielectric constant in the nanocomposite.SK De, Ashis Dey, Amitabha DeCSD6.1.8.5 Evidence of a Rachet effect in nanowires of a conducting polymerRachet effect, which has been observed in many systems ranging from a living organism to anartificially designed device, is a manifestation of motion in asymmetric potentials. A conductivitystudy of polypyrrole nanowires was carried out where the Rachet effect was observed. The nanowireswere prepared by a simple method that generates a variation of doping concentration along thelength of the wires. This variation gives rise to a Rachet effect that hinders the symmetry of thehopping process of charges and hence the value of measured resistance of the nanowires becomessensitive to the direction of current flow. The asymmetry in resistance was found to increasewith decreasing nanowire diameter and increasing temperature. The observed phenomenon couldbe explained with the assumption that the spatial extension of the localized state involved in thehopping process is reduced as the doping concentration is reduced along the length of the nanowires.The temperature dependence of the static dielectric constant (ǫ ∼T −β ) gave a value of β as 1.4instead of 1.0 perhaps due to dipole rotation being hindered in nanowires, and this would explainthe observed reduction in rachet effect with lowering temperature.A Rahman, R Gangopadhyay, I Das, A De, MK SanyalSP/CSD6.1.8.6 Preparation, Characterization and Transport Properties of Polyaniline-a-Zirconium Phosphate Intercalated Conducting NanocompositeThe synthesis of conducting composite involving polyaniline in the layered zirconium phosphate[a-Zr(HPO4)2 H2O] and its subsequent characterization and dielectric properties were studied.Aniline monomer was introduced into the interlayer space of a-ZrP by adsorption. The encapsulatedaniline was then polymerized by chemical oxidative method by adding appropriate amount ofammonium peroxodisulphate (APS) solution. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the polyaniline

226 Biennial Report 2005-07is formed outside a-ZrP. The ac conductivity and dielectric properties are extensively studied atlow temperature up to a frequency of 5 MHz. The charge transport process is due to electron andpolaron tunneling. The dielectric response exhibits broad spectra, which are analyzed by Cole-Coledistribution function. The shape of dielectric spectra and temperature dependence of relaxationtime indicates the relaxor ferroelectric behavior of the composite. The microstructure and electricaltransport properties are significantly different from the composite obtained by direct mixing andpolymerizing of a-ZrP and aniline monomer.SK De, S De, A DeCSD6.1.9 Radioanlytical & Nuclear Chemistry6.1.9.1 Separation of trace level Sm and Nd: A prerequisite for measurement of146 Sm by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry146 Sm(T 1/2 =108y) is believed to be of supernova origin and might be available in Earth crust inultratrace amount as a signature of supernova burst. Detection of such scanty amount of 146 Sm isonly possible by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, if the sample is free from its naturally abundantisobar 146 Nd. We have developed a method of separation of samarium from neodymium usinga simulated condition where neutron irradiated 153 Sm and 147 Nd were used as precursor of thecorresponding elements. The quantitative separation is possible by liquid liquid extraction (LLX)with 1% di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) from 0.025M HCl.Samir Maji†, Gunther Korschinek†, Birgit Wierczinski†, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.9.2 Separation of no-carrier-added 52 Mn from bulk chromium: A simulation studyfor AMS measurement of 53 MnMn-53 (T 1/2 =3 My) is a cosmogenic radionuclide. Measurement of concentrations of 53 Mn in rocksis advantageous to study earth surface processes because that occurred in a time period during fewmillion years. The main interference in the detection of 53 Mn by AMS is its stable isobar 53 Cr,which is million times abundant in nature. Method of separation of chromium and manganesehas been developed using radiometric simulation. The quantitative separation is possible by LLXtechnique using tri-octylamine (TOA) as the organic reagent and 8M HCl as aqueous phase.Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, Gunther Korschinek†CSD6.1.9.3 An alternative production and separation of astatine radionuclidesAstatine is the least studied halogen amongst its homologues. Astatine-211 is well known forhaving a promising potential to be used in internal radiation therapy for cancer. In this work theproduction of 209,210 At radionuclides was done for the first time using medium energy 7 Li beam andsubsequent separation of At radionuclides from lead nitrate target using three different methods.The conventional liquid-liquid extraction technique, the aqueous biphasic extraction technique and

Biophysical Sciences 227ion exchange using Dowex 50 have been used to separate nca astatine from bulk lead nitrate. Agood separation factor has been achieved in all the three methods.Kamalika Roy, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.9.4 Separation of 51 Cr, 59 Fe and 60 Co radionuclides from their mixture by Liquid-Liquid ExtractionA systematic separation scheme for separation of 51 Cr, 59 Fe and 60 Co radionuclides has beendeveloped using liquid-liquid extraction. The mixture solution was extracted with 10% di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP), with varying concentration of HNO 3 . At 1M HNO 3 concentration59 Fe was transferred into the organic phase almost quantitatively keeping 51 Cr and 60 Cocompletely in the aqueous phase. After the removal of 59 Fe quantitative extraction of 51 Cr and60 Co mixture solution was done with 10% HDEHP at pHs 9. 60 Co radionuclide was stripped withHCl at pH 4 while 51 Cr remained completely in the organic phase.Susanta Lahiri, Binita Dutta†, Dalia NayakCSD6.1.9.5 Speciation dependent ion exchange separation of arsenate and arsenite bysolid phase extraction using a radiochemical methodThe toxicity of arsenic compounds depends on its chemical forms, e.g., As(III) is more toxic thanAs(V)- compounds. We have developed a method of separation of arsenate and arsenite using 76 Asas radiotracer precursor for arsenic using anion exchanger Amberlite IRA 400 (NO 3 − ). At pH 6 thearsenate is adsorbed completely by the resin, while the adsorption of arsenite is negligible. This isdue to the fact that in neutral or acid media arsenite exists as neutral compound and not extractedby an anion exchanger, which ultimately results in separation of arsenate and arsenite.Susanta Lahiri, Partha Sarathi GuinCSD6.1.9.6 Synthesis of a novel organic sequestering agent bis-(5-acetyl-4-methyl-Thiazole-2-yl)methane and its application in gold metal ion bindingPodands, owing to their facile synthesis and versatility of molecular structure have advantagesover their macrocyclic counterparts. A new compound bis(5-acetyl-4-methylthiazole-2-yl)methanewas synthesized from malondithiamide by reacting with 3-chloroacetylacetone in DMF at 0 ◦ C andsubsequently raising the temperature slowly to room temperature (Melting point: 78-79 ◦ C). Thestructure and property of compound was characterized by IR and proton NMR spectroscopy. Thesynthesized reagent, bis-thiazolylmethane, has been found to be an excellent sequestering agent forgold. The gold specificity of the reagent is maintained not only in tracer quantities but also frommacromolecular concentration.Kakoli Banerjee, Prabhat Kr Ray†, Sibdas Ray†, Susanta LahiriCSD

228 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.10 Green Chemistry6.1.10.1 Accumulation of Gold Using Baker’s Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAmong various eukaryotic organisms yeasts play vital role as a model for biochemical and physiochemicalexperiments. We have used two different strains of baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,AP22 (MATα leu2 his3 trp1 ura3), CCFY100 (W303, MATa ade2-1 ura3-1 trp1 leu2-3,112his3-11,15 can1-100 hmr∆E::TRP1 rDNA::ADE2 CAN1 VRTEL::URA3) to study the preconcentrationof gold. A quantitative relation between the total amounts of gold uptake with the numberof yeast cells reveals that each cell of AP22 strain can accumulate 3.8e+07 atoms of gold and thatof CCFY 100 strain can accumulate 2.3e+07 atoms of gold. Therefore the yeast cells can be usedas environmentally benign extractant for gold.Kamalika Roy, Pratima Sinha†, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.2 Investigation of Cr(III/VI) uptake kinetics in baker’s yeastYeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can accumulate 51 Cr(III) radioisotope at basic pH in tracelevel. No uptake of Cr(VI) at the same pH is observed. An assay of the products of cell lysis revealsthat Cr(III) first gets adsorbed at the cell wall then slowly enters the cytoplasm. On the otherhand Cr(VI) has a faster penetration into the cytoplasm increasing with time, attains a maximumand then release the metal ion from cytoplasm. Thus yeast cells differentiate between essentialand toxic species of chromium. Under certain experimental condition Cr(III) gets quantitativelyextracted by the yeast cell providing a biological system for separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI).Kamalika Roy, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.3 Biosorption of no-carrier-added radionuclides by calcium alginate beads using‘Tracer Packet’ techniqueThe present study has been performed to determine the adsorption behavior of micronutrientelements e.g. 61 Cu, 62,63 Zn, 66,67,68 Ga, 66,67,69 Ge, 71,72 As present in no-carrier-added state, with thebiopolymer, calcium alginate (CA) beads using ‘tracer packet’ technique. High 66,67 Ga, and 66,69 Geand moderate Cu removal by CA beads have been achieved at pH5 and pH7 respectively. Negligibleadsorption of 62 Zn and 71 As has been found on CA beads in all pHs. Due to the selective adsorptionCA beads may be used for the separation of Ge from other elements, e.g., Cu, Zn, Ga, As presentaltogether at pH 7.Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia NayakCSD6.1.10.4 An attempt to determine the dynamic dissociation constant of chromiumpoly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)complex employing radiotracer techniqueFor the excellent biocompatibility and chemical inertness,polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has got extensiveapplication in drug formulation and in daily life. We proposed a new method for determining

Biophysical Sciences 229dynamic dissociation constant of a metal complexed with a bulky ligand with the help of dialysis.At the time of dialysis the polymer and the metal-polymer complex would remain inside the bagdue to the polymer’s huge molecular weight (40 kDa), and only the free ions would come out ofthe bag. It has been observed that Cr(III) / Cr(VI)-PVP complex is most stable at pH 7 andCr(III)-PVP complex is stronger than Cr(VI)-PVP complex at all pH values.Dalia Nayak, Anupam Banerjee†, Ayan Das†, Kingshuk Ghosh†, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.5 Speciation dependent studies on removal of arsenic by iron-doped calciumalginate beadsThis work aims to study the differential attitude of Fe-doped calcium alginate (Fe-CA) beadstowards As(III) and As(V) compounds so that speciation dependent environmentally sustainablemethodologies can be developed for removal of arsenic. Throughout the experiment 76 As has beenused as precursor of stable arsenic. The affinity of As(V) towards the Fe-CA beads is greater thanthat of As(III). Removal efficiency of Fe-CA beads for As(V) increases with increasing number ofbeads and equilibration time. At pH 3, 30 Fe-CA beads remove As(V) completely from a solutioncontaining 20mg/kg As(V). The technique has been successfully applied to the arsenic contaminatedground water.Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.6 Separation of no-carrier-added 66,67 Ga produced in heavy ion induced cobalttarget using alginate biopolymersWe have developed a method of separation of no-carrier-added gallium radionuclides from cobalt byalginate biopolymer. Our method reduced requirement of chemicals including carcinogenic solvents.Heavy ion activation of natural cobalt foil with 84MeV 12 C results in the formation of no-carrieradded66,67 As radionuclides, along with their corresponding decay products, 66,67 Ge and 66,67 Gain the matrix. As arsenic and germanium radionuclides are short-lived, after a cooling period of10h only gallium radionuclides remain in the matrix. A complete separation has been achieved byadsorbing 66,67 Ga and lesser amount of bulk cobalt at pH 3 on Fe-doped calcium alginate beadsfollowed by desorbing cobalt from the beads with 0.4M NaNO 2 .Dalia Nayak, Anupam Banerjee†, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.7 A new method of synthesis of iron doped calcium alginate beads and determinationof iron content by radiometric methodThe present study describes a new method of synthesis of an anionic biopolymer, iron doped calciumalginate beads (Fe-CA). The absorption of the anionic species depends mainly on the iron contentof the beads. Thus iron content in the Fe-CA beads has been determined employing radiometrictechnique using 59 Fe radiotracer. It has been found that Fe-CA beads contain 37.8 mg Fe/g of wetalginate beads in the proposed method, which is much higher than the earlier reported methods,

230 Biennial Report 2005-07keeping the mechanical stability. The characterization of the beads in terms of size, porosity andsurface area have also been done.Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.8 Separation of no carrier added 199−201 Tl, 199−200 Pb and 197 Hg from bulk goldusing piperineWe have designed a method for separation of no-carrier-added (nca) 199−201 Tl, 199−200 Pb and 197 Hgradionuclides from gold using an alkaloid piperine. Piperine was extracted from black pepper (Pipernigrum) with ethanol followed by addition of alcoholic KOH. A gold foil was irradiated with 48MeV7 Li beam, which in turn produced 199−201 Tl, 199−200 Pb and 197 Hg in gold matrix. The irradiatedgold foil was dissolved and spiked with 198 Au and was treated with piperine. About 90% of thegold was removed by 0.4g of piperine from 1M HCl solution. Multiple extractions with piperineextract entire gold leaving nca mercury, lead, thallium radionuclides in the aqueous solution leadingto greener separation methodology.Anupam Banerjee†, Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.9 Studies on bioaccumulation of 198 Au by an alkaloid extracted from fruits ofPiper nigrum ( Family: Piperaceae)With the growing environmental concern, interest in plant bio-reagents is getting preference overthe synthetic chemical reagents. The gold accumulation properties of the fruit Piper nigrum andpiperine, an alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum have been studied with 198 Au radiotracer. It hasbeen observed that both black pepper and the piperine accumulate trace amount of gold from HClsolution. In the structure of piperine there are three oxygen donor sites; the double bonds and thebenzene ring may contribute to the formation of gold complex. Thus the black pepper may be usedas an effective bio-reagent for extraction of trace amount of gold.Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.10 Studies on bio-accumulation of 51 Cr by Piper nigrumBioreagent accumulation studies of 51 Cr(III) and 51 Cr(VI) using the alkaloid piperine, derived fromthe fruits of Piper nigrum (black pepper) and the fruit have been performed. It has been observedthat black pepper has significant affinity for 51 Cr(III) (55% of 25mg/kg 51 Cr) at pH 4 whereaspiperine shows very little accumulation of Cr(III) over the whole range of pHs. Accumulation ofCr(VI) by black pepper is negligible. It is concluded that some other constituent of black peppersuch as gum, etc., are responsible for Cr(III) accumulation.Kalpita Ghosh, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD

Biophysical Sciences 2316.1.10.11 Effect of accumulation of arsenic by an alkaloid extracted from fruits ofPiper nigrum (Family: Piperaceae)Plant bio-molecules are frequently being used as a replacement of synthetic reagents for preconcentrationand extraction of metal ions. We studied the efficacy of piperine and black pepper toremove As(III) or As(V) from aqueous solution. Salts of sodium arsenate (Na 2 HAsO 4 , 7H 2 O) andsodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ) were irradiated by thermal neutron at CIRUS reactor, BARC, Mumbaito produce 76 AsO 4 −3 and 76 AsO 2 − . These irradiated salts were subsequently used for accumulationstudies of two arsenic species. Both black pepper and piperine showed no accumulation for any ofthe species of arsenic. This data is definitely a valuable addition to Green Chemistry experiments.Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.12 Speciation dependent study of 51 Cr(VI) and 51 Cr(III) using an AqueousBiphasic SystemThe speciation study of neutron activated Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was carried out using a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) based aqueous biphasic extraction system (ABS). The best condition of extractionand separation of Cr(VI) from Cr(III) in the PEG rich phase was achieved with 2M Na 2 SO 4 andPEG #4000 (50% w/w) solution. The relatively soft anion Cr 2 O 7 −2 partitions quantitatively tothe PEG rich phase in ABS. Hard metal cations as Cr(III) with relatively large magnitudes of∆G hyd report to the salt rich phase. The chromium(III) can also be quantitatively extracted bythe PEG rich phase when complexed with dithizone.Susanta Lahiri, Kamalika RoyCSD6.1.10.13 Aqueous Biphasic Extraction of As(III) and As(V)Aqueous biphasic system (ABS) is formed when a water soluble polymer [e.g., polyethylene glycol,PEG] is mixed with water structuring salts [e.g., Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 CO 3 , NaOH]. Arsenic may remainas As(III), As(V) and some organoarsenic compounds. Sodium arsenate (Na 2 HAsO 4 , 7H 2 O) andsodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ) salts were irradiated with thermal neutrons, to produce 76 As (1.087 d)salts. It was found that 90% of As(V) salt and 50% of As(III) salt could be extracted in the PEGphase from salt rich phase containing 2M Na 2 SO 4 or Na 2 SO 3 in an acidic medium. The methodoffers an environmentally benign extraction system of highly toxic As(V) from aqueous solutions.Susanta Lahiri, Kamalika RoyCSD6.1.10.14 Studies on bioaccumulation of 152 Eu, 137 Cs, 60 Co by different algal generaWe have studied the bioaccumulation of a mixture of long lived radionuclides 152 Eu, 137 Cs and60 Co by five algal genera, viz.: Lyngbya and Phormidium from cyanophyceae; Rhizoclonium andChaetomorpha from chlorophyceae and Catenella from rhodophyceae. Eu-152 accumulation washigh for all the five algal genera after 7 days of exposure. No accumulation of 137 Cs was found by

232 Biennial Report 2005-07Chaetomorpha, Phormidium and Lyngbya. Only Catenella removed some amount 60 Co from themixture at pH 7. Chaetomorpha has the capacity of accumulating 152 Eu selectively from a mixtureof three different radionuclides and can be introduced as a good bio-reagent for separation of 152 Euradionuclide from the radioactive waste disposal sites.N Chakraborty†, AK Saha†, R Pal†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.15 Dynamic complexation studies of metal insulin complexesInsulin is an anabolic polypeptide hormone produced in the cells of pancreas that regulates carbohydratemetabolism. It is used to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus. Insulin may be suitablefor receptor-targeted radiotherapy of malignant hepatocarcinoma. Therefore 210 At-(an α emitter)labeled insulin is currently of great interest. We have made 210 At-insulin complexation studiesand determined dynamic dissociation constant of this complex. The half-life of At-insulin complexagainst triple distilled water is 12 h and against ringer lactate solution is only 6 h. A similar studywas performed using 198 Au radiotracer. The half-life of Au-insulin complex is very high (36days).Kamalika Roy, Souvik Sen†, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.16 Interaction studies of mercury with Arachin derived from Arachis hypogaeaThe amino acid residues provide the functional groups in a protein which can be potential ligandsfor a metallic cation. The major protein of groundnut, Arachin was isolated in its pure state andcharacterized using a previously established method. Results of gel electrophoresis reveal thatthe molecular weight of arachin is 21 kDa. Its interactions with various metal ions from differentdomains of the periodic table were studied using radiometric method. It was observed that at tracerconcentrations, arachin was found to interact only with no-carrier-added 197 Hg and no interactionis observed with 59 Fe, 60 Co, 137 Cs, 152 Eu, 201 Tl, and 200 Pb.Kalpita Ghosh, Kamalika Roy, Debashis Mukhopadhyay, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.17 Studies on the interaction of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with no-carrieradded61 Cu, 62 Zn, 66 Ga, 69 Ge and 71 As using tracer packet techniqueThe present experiment shows the selective and differential attitude of the commonly used drugexcipient polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) towards the mixture of no-carrier-added radionuclides of Cu,Zn, Ga, Ge, and As. The experiment is an in vivo model of PVP-metal interaction. 67 Ga iswidely used in diagnosis of bone tumors. Both 64 Cu and 67 Cu are promising radionuclides forendoradiotherapy. It is observed that Ga in acidic pH and Cu and Zn in basic pH strongly bindwith PVP. This property may be exploited further to use PVP as carrier of 66,67,68 Ga or 64,67 Cufor targeting specific organs which works in specific pH.Soumi Sarkar†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD

Biophysical Sciences 2336.1.10.18 Studies on 66,67 Ga- and 199 Tl- poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) complexesGallium and thallium radionuclides have both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the fieldof nuclear medicine. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) is routinely used as drug exipient for its excellentbio-compatibility. In this paper complex formation abilities between no-carrier-added 66,67 Ga/ 199 Tlradionuclides and PVP been studied. It has been found that aqueous 5% PVP solution can almostquantitatively back extract 66,67 Ga/ 199 Tl radionuclides from an organic phase, which proves thecomplexing ability of PVP with 66,67 Ga/ 199 Tl. It has been found that Tl 3+ is more efficient to formTl-PVP complex than Tl + . However, Tl 3+ -PVP complex is less stable than Ga 3+ -PVP complex.Susanta Lahiri, Soumi Sarkar†CSD6.1.10.19 A green method of separation of iron and cobalt by dialysis ofpolyvinylpyrrolidone -metal complexesA green method of separation of iron and cobalt has been developed using safer chemicalpolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The method involves dialysis of PVP-Fe and PVP-Co complexesagainst triple distilled water. No other chemicals are required for clean separation of cobalt fromiron. The optimum condition for separation has been obtained at pH5 using 10% aqueous solutionof PVP. The method is applicable from trace scale to macro- scale. Very high separation factorshave been obtained.Susanta Lahiri, Soumi Sarkar†CSD6.1.10.20 Separation of no-carrier-added 199 Pb and 199 Tl by dialysis using poly(Nvinylpyrrolidone)199,201 Tl is widely used in nuclear medicine. 201 Tl is used for myocardial perfusion imaging andevaluation of coronary artery disease, while occasionally; 199 Tl is also used. 199 Tl was producedby the nuclear reaction, 197 Au( 7 Li,5n) 199 Pb (EC) 199 Tl. Thallium-199 has been separated from199 Pb- 199 Tl mixture by dialysis using chemically safe reagent poly-(N-vinylpyrolidone) . It has beenfound that about 70% Tl both in +1 and +3 oxidation state can be recovered by dialysis withoutany contamination from lead within a short time span 1-2h.Susanta Lahiri, Soumi Sarkar†CSD6.1.10.21 A green method for synthesis of radioactive gold nanoparticlesFor the first time we have synthesized and reported radioactive gold-198 nanoparticles. This hasbeen synthesized using chemically safe solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000). PEG-4000 quantitativelyextracted 198 Au(III) from its aqueous solution which is subsequently reduced to 198 Au(0)forming radioactive gold nanoparticles. The radioactive gold nanoparticles has been characterizedby UV-visible spectroscopy and the particle size of 15-20 nm has been determined using transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM).

234 Biennial Report 2005-07Fig.6.1.12.21. TEM image of gold nanoparticle spiked with 198 AuThis method can be extrapolated to much higher radioactivity to perform imaging based in-vivotracking, organ specific delivery using antibodies on the gold nanoparticle surface, which may beuseful for simultaneous detection of the organs and kill the abnormal cells.Kamalika Roy, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.10.22 Studies on metal-protein interactions: Inter-comparison between differentapproachesBinding ability of mercury, thallium, lead and bismuth with Erythrina variegata seed protein havebeen investigated using tracer packet technique. As there are very few reports on the metal proteininteraction with no-carrier-added radionuclides, it has been felt that inter comparison betweenvarious approaches can validate method of investigation. In the present study, metal protein interactionin multielemental system has been investigated using three different approaches like (i)trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation, (ii) iso-electric precipitation and (iii) dialysis of proteinafter incubation with the no-carrier-added toxic radionuclides e.g. 197 Hg, 197−200 Tl, 197−200 Pb and204,205 Bi. Good agreement was observed for all the cases except that of lead.Titil Datta Samanta†, Subrata Laskar†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta LahiriCSD6.1.11 Radiation Physics6.1.11.1 Transmutation of radioactive isotopesManagement of medium to long-lived radioactive waste from nuclear reactors pose a serious problemto the environment as well as the storing repositories and transmutation of these nuclides offera potential solution. We have planned to carry out experimental and theoretical study of transmutationof long-lived radioisotopes produced as reactor waste. like 137 Cs, through photon andneutron induced reactions in different laboratories in India like RRCAT, Rajasthan University. In apilot experiment we used 137 Cs and 133 Ba due to their easy availability. Preliminary measurementson transmutation of 137 Cs and 133 Ba via photoneutron production show quite encouraging results

Biophysical Sciences 235(upto 10% and 50% transmutation respectively) for about 20 minute irradiation.KK Thakkar, G Haridas, MK Nayak, PK Sahani, Vijay Kumar†, Vinod Kumar†, MaitreyeeNandyCSD6.1.11.2 Theoretical Simulation of Neutron distribution and Estimation of thick targetneutron yieldsWork is completed for formulating simple empirical expression for neutron yield, energy spectraand angular distribution data from proton, alpha-particle and heavy ion induced reactions on thicktargets in low to intermediate energy range. Neutron distribution data from thick targets by earlierworkers have been investigated. These data as well as some of our measured data have beencompared with the results obtained from the empirical expressions developed by us. Empiricalexpressions have also been developed for neutron emission cross section from thin targets. Itis observed that our formalism reproduces the experimental data fairly accurately. It may besuccessfully employed as a simple, fast and reliable tool in calculating neutron yield and distributionin various applications like radiation safety, medical therapy, material damage studies, etc. For largescale transport problems use of this method reduces the computation time by a factor of 50 60.PK Sarkar†, Moumita Maiti†, SN Ray†, Maitreyee NandyCSD6.1.11.3 Generation and analysis of Angular distribution data for neutron yield anddose from heavy ion and proton induced reactionsEnergy-angle spectra of neutron yield and dose from 110 MeV 19 F+Al, 100 MeV 19 F+Cu reactionshave been measured by time-of-flight (TOF) and pulse-height unfolding (PHU) using one BC501liquid scintillation detector. Also the angular distribution of neutron dose from these reactionshave been measured with a commercially available Wedholm Medical model (Studsvik) NDE meter(model 2222A) rem meter at 0 ◦ , 30 ◦ , 60 ◦ and 90 ◦ are analysed. The measured data are comparedwith the results obtained from different empirical formulations as well as those obtained from theexciton+Hauser-Feshbach nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE-2.18. PACE, and HION codes.Certain modifications in the parameter values of the empirical relations have resulted in goodagreement with measured angular distribution of neutron dose. These data are still scarce thoughthese are urgently required for two purposes: to provide an insight to the underlying physics andsecondly, for efficient, safe and optimum use of the accelerator facilities in different applicationslike medicine, industry, basic research, etc. where neutrons dominate the radiation environment.The estimated ratio of the ambient dose equivalent (H) to the tissue weighted absorbed dose (D)show that the average quality factor of the neutrons in this energy range is ∼10. Double differentialneutron yield has also been measured from 20 MeV proton induced reactions on thick Be and Cutargets. In the case of Be target a very strong peak is observed on the high emission energy regionwhich is expected to be contributed by break-up reactions. Further analysis is going on.PK Sarkar†, T Bandyopadhyay†, Sunil C†, Alok Saxena†, RJ Palit†, Moumita Maiti†, MaitreyeeNandyCSD

236 Biennial Report 2005-076.1.11.4 Activation products from Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) targetLead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) target (LBE) target is considered to be an efficient spallation targetto be used for accelerator driven transmutation, production of U-233 from thorium, material sciencestudies and largely in accelerator driven sub-critical system (ADS) for power production. Excitationfunctions of different activation products for proton induced reaction on LBE and D9 and T91 steelalloyupto 200 MeV are estimated using the nuclear reaction model codes ALICE91 and EMPIRE2.18 and compared with the experimental data wherever available. It is seen that in the case ofLBE target the measured excitation functions for 207,206 Po and 207,206,205 Bi are well reproducedwhile those for 209 Po are overpredicted at higher energies by both the reaction models which maybe caused due to uncertainty in the fission barrier. Yield of all the activation products from thesereactions are also calculated and the resulting activity estimated. Of the many activation products,500µA proton beam produces highest activity of 207 Po (5x10 6 MBq for 400 hours of irradiation)while the primary neutrons produce highest activity of 210 Bi. For T91 and D9 alloys, highestactivity is generated for 55 Co which has a 931.2 keV gamma ray photon The reaction models usedreproduce satisfactorily the measured data for residual nuclei close to the primary composite whileproducts far-off in the reaction chain are not very well predicted but may be accepted to have anidea. The work finds its application for ADS target design studies and planning of the facility.PK Sarkar†, Maitreyee NandyCSD6.2 Publications6.2.1 Volumes EditedTapas K Kundu, Dipak Dasgupta, Chromatin and Disease (Volume 41 of the series SubcellularBiochemistry) (Springer, New York, USA, 2007)Pradeep K Sengupta, Anwesha Banerjee, Bidisa Sengupta, Photo/Electrochemistry & Photobiologyin the Environment, Energy and Fuel (Research Signpost, Kerala, India, 2006)6.2.2 Publications in Edited VolumesUdayaditya Sen, Sampa Biswas, Chandana Chakrabarti, JK Dattagupta, Structure-function of afew plant proteins using X-ray, in Frontiers in Biophysics: Vol. 6, Indian J of Physics - SpecialIssue, Ed(s) TP Singh & CK Dasgupta (Allied Publishers, India, 2005) p50Parijat Majumder, Suman Kalyan Pradhan, Pukhrambam Grihanjali Devi, Sudipta Pal, DipakDasgupta, Chromatin as a Target for the DNA-Binding Anticancer Drugs, in Chromatin and Disease(Subcellular Biochemistry, Vol-41), Ed(s) Tapas K Kundu and Dipak Dasgupta (Springer,New York, 2007) p145Susanta Lahiri, An ultrasensitive technique for environmental analysis, in Environment Scienceand Thoughts, vol II, Ed(s) Arabinda Das (acb publications, Kolkata, 2005) p186

Biophysical Sciences 237Susanta Lahiri, Green Chemistry using radiotracers at SINP, in Application of Radiotracers inChemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vol I, Ed(s) Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, AtriMukhopadhyay (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, 2006) p142S Raha, P Sen, PK Chakraborty, Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and Resveratrol hinder theanti-apoptotic effects of chronic/repetitive stress, in Emerging Trends in Free Radical and AntioxidantResearch,, Ed(s) (Medimond International Proceedings, Bologna, Italy, 2007) p816.2.3 Papers in Journals2005Sujata Banerjee†, N Chakraborty†, Dalia Nayak, A Ramaswami†, Susanta Lahiri, R Pal†, Studieson bioaccumulation of 153 Sm and 152 Eu by some marine algae, Seaweed Res Utiln 27 (2005) 87Sibani Chakraborty, Sampa Biswas, Chandana Chakrabarti, Jiban K Dattagupta, Crystallizationand preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a cysteine protease ervatamin A from Ervatamia coronaria,Acta Cryst F61 (2005) 562Suchandra Chatterjee, Samita Basu, Nandita Ghosh†, Manas Chakrabarty†, Steric effect on fluorescencequenching, Spectrochim Acta, Part A 61 (2005) 2199Suchandra Chatterjee, Samita Basu, Nandita Ghosh†, Manas Chakrabarty†, Steric guided changeof electron transfer mechanism in benzene, Spectrochim Acta, Part A 61 (2005) 1887S Das, D Dasgupta, Binding of (MTR)2Zn2+ complex to chromatin:(MTR)2Mg2+ complex, J Inorg Biochem 99 (2005) 707a comparison withS Das, Grihanjali P Devi, S Pal, D Dasgupta, Effect of complex formation between Zn2+ ionsand the anticancer drug mithramycin upon enzymatic activity of zinc(II)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase,J Biol Inorg Chem 10 (2005) 25Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Interaction of Phenazine with water and DNA bases,Spectrochim Acta, Part A 62 (2005) 736Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Magnetic field effect on N-ethylcarbazoledimethylterephthalateand N-ethylcarbazole-1,4-dicyanobenzene: a comparative study focusing onsteric effect, Chem Phys Lett 408 (2005) 274Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Exploring the extent of magnetic field effect on intermolecularphotoinduced electron transfer in different organized assemblies, J of Physical ChemistryA109 (2005) 8113S De, Amitabha De, Ajoy Das, SK De, Transport and Dielectric Properties of a-Zirconium Phosphate-Polyaniline composite, Materials Chemistry and Physics 91 (2005) 477

238 Biennial Report 2005-07Raka Ghosh, Chandana Chakrabarti, Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies ofNP24-I, an isoform of a Thaumatin-like protein from ripe tomato fruits, Acta Cryst F61 (2005)806U Ghosh, NP Bhattacharyya, Benzamide and 4-amino 1,8 naphthalimide treatment inhibit telomeraseactivity by down-regulating the expression of telomerase associated protein and inhibiting thepoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of telomerase reverse transcriptase in cultured cells. FEBS J 272 (2005)4237Devaki A Kelkar, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Malyasri Bhattacharyya, Effect ofionic strength on the organization and dynamics of tryptophan residues in erythroid spectrin: Afluorescence approach, Bioploymers 77 (2005) 325Susmita Khamrui, Jhimli Dasgupta, Jiban K Dattagupta, Udayaditya Sen, Single mutation at P1of a chymotrypsin inhibitor changes it to a trypsin inhibitor: X-ray structural (2.15 /AA) andbiochemical basis , Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-proteins and proteomics 1752 (2005) 65Samir Maji†, S Basu†, Susanta Lahiri, Alternative separation methods of no-carrier-added 111 Inproduced by heavy ion activation, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 63 (2005) 513Samir Maji†, S Basu†, Susanta Lahiri, Synthesis of a novel ion exchanger: Ceric vanadate andits application to the separation of 90 Sr- 90 Y pair, Applied Radiation and Isotopes A44 (2005) 1838Maitreyee Nandy, Tapas Bandyopadhyay, Moumita Maiti, PK Sarkar, Radiation safety aspectsof a 30 MeV proton cyclotron, Radiat Protect Environ 28 (2005) 136D Majumder, D Bandyopadhyay, S Chandra, A Mukhopadhyaya, N Mukherjee, S Bandyopadhyaya,S Banerjee, HLA class Ia transcripts in human leukaemias, Immunogenetics 57 (2005) 579Dalia Nayak, Biosorption of Europium Radionuclide by Calcium Alginate Beads, Indian J ChemA44 (2005) 1838Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Biosorption of toxic, heavy, no-carrier-added radionuclides by calciumalginate beads, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 267 (2005) 59Sibnath Ray, Malyasri Bhattacharyya, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Conformational study of spectrin inpresence of submolar concentrations of denaturants, J Fluorescence 15 (2005) 61R Rengaraj, M Dhanaraj, T Arulmozhi, B Chattopadhyay, NP Bhattacharyya, High prevalenceof spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 in an ethnic Tamil community in India. Neurology India, 53(2005) 308P Sen, PK Chakraborty, S Raha, p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (p38MAPK) upregulatescatalase levels in response to low dose H 2 O 2 treatment through enhancement of mRNA stability,FEBS Lett 579 (2005) 4402C Sunil†, M Maiti, M Nandy, PS Sharma†, MV Dingankar†, PK Sarkar, Thick Target NeutronDose Evaluation For 19 F+Al System, Radiation Protection and Environment 28 (2005) 209

Biophysical Sciences 2392006Debashree Bandyopadhyay, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Estimation of Strength in different ExtraWatson-Crick Hydrogen Bonds in DNA Double Helices through Quantum Chemical studies, Bioploymers83 (2006) 313Anwesha Banerjee, Bidisa Sengupta, Sudip Chaudhuri, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Encapsulationof Prodan in beta-cyclodextrin environments: A critical study via electronic spectroscopyand molecular mechanics, J Mol Structure 794 (2006) 181Anwesha Banerjee, Pradeep K Sengupta, Encapsulation of 3-hydroxyflavone and fisetin in betacyclodextrins:Excited state proton transfer fluorescence and molecular mechanics studies, ChemPhys Lett 424 (2006) 379Manisha Banerjee, Pritha Majumder, Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Jiban K Dattagupta, UdayadityaSen, Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis ofpseudo death-effector domain of HIPPI, a molecular partner of Huntingtin-interacting protein HIP-1, Acta Crystallograph Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 62 (2006) 1247Sampali Banerjee, A Sen, P Das, Partha Saha, Leishmania donovani cyclin1 (LdCyc1) forms acomplex with cell cycle kinase subunit CRK3 (LdCRK3) and is possibly involved in S-phase relatedactivities, FEMS Microbiol Lett 256 (2006) 75D Bhattacharyya, K Sen, S Mukherjee, Non-planar Amino Groups: Protein Structure DatabaseAnalysis and Ab Initio Quantum Chemical Studies on Model Systems, Indian J of Chemistry 45A(2006) 58Malyasri Bhattacharyya, Chaitali Mukhopadhyay†, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Specificity of Prodan forthe self-associating domain of spectrin: A molecular docking study, J Biomol Struct Dynam 24(2006) 269Abhijit Chakrabarti, Devaki A Kelkar, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Spectrin Organization and Dynamics:New Insights, Bio Sci Rep 26 (2006) 369S Chakraborty, U Ghosh, NP Bhattacharyya, RK Bhattacharyya, M Roy, Inhibition of telomeraseactivity and induction of apoptosis by curcumin in K-562 cells, Mutation Res 596 (2006) 81Nabanita Chakraborty†, Ruma Pal†, A Ramaswami†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Diatom a potentialbio-accumulator of gold, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 270 (2006) 645Adity Chowdhury, Samita Basu, Interactions between 9,10-anthraquinone and aromatic aminesin homogeneous and micellar media: a laser flash photolysis and magnetic field effect study, J ofLuminescence 121 (2006) 113Jhuma Das, Shayantani Mukherjee, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Non-Canonical Base Pairs andHigher Order Structures in Nucleic Acids: Crystal Structure Database Analysis, J Biomol StructDynam 24 (2006) 149

240 Biennial Report 2005-07Jhimli Dasgupta, Susmita Khamrui, Jiban K Dattagupta, Udayaditya Sen, Spacer Asn determinesthe fate of Kunitz (STI) inhibitors, as revealed by the structural and biochemical studies on WCImutants, Biochemistry 45 (2006) 6783Poppy Datta, Sumanta Basu, Sudipa Basu Chakrabarty, Amit Chakraborty, Debashis Banerjee,Sharmila Chandra, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Enhanced oxidative cross-linking of hemoglobin E withspectrin and loss of erythrocyte membrane asymmetry in hemoglobin Eβ-Thalassemia, Blood Cells,Molecules & Diseases 37 (2006) 77Ashis Dey, Sukanta De, Amitabha De, SK De, Giant dielectric constant in titania nanoparticlesembedded in conducting polymer matrix, J Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6 (2006) 1427Ashis Dey, Amitabha De, SK De, Electrical Transport and Dielectric Relaxation in Fe3O4 hybridNanocomposites, J Phys Cond Matt 17 (2005) 5895Dutta N, Gupta A, Majumder DN, Banerjee S, Downregulation of locus specific Human LymphocyteAntigen class I expression in Epstein Barr Virus associated Gastric cancer: Implicationsfor viral induced immune evasion, Cancer 106 (2006) 1685Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Interaction of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with indolederivatives and some related biomolecules: a study with magnetic field, J of Physical ChemistryB110 (2006) 8850R Eichler†, W Brüchle†, R Buda†, S Brger†, R Dressler†, Ch E Dllmann†, J Dvorak†, K Eberhardt†,B Eichler†, Ch M Folden†, HW Gggeler†, KE Gregorich†, F Haenssler†, DC Hoffmann†,H Hummrich†, E Jger†, JV Kratz†, B Kuczewski†, D Liebe†, D Nayak, H Nitsche†, D Piguet†, ZQin†, U Rieth†, M Schdel†, B Schausten†, E Schimpf†, A Semchenkov†, S Soverna†, R Sudowe†, NTrautmann†, P Thrle†, A Trler†, B Wierczinski†, N Wiehl†, PA Wilk†, G Wirth†, AB Yakushev†,A von Zweidorf†, Attempts to chemically investigate element 112, Radiochimica Acta 94 (2006)181Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, Gunther Korschinek†, Separation of No-carrier-added 52 Mn fromBulk Chromium: A Simulation Study for AMS Measurement of 53 Mn, Anal Chem 78 (2006) 7517Moumita Maiti, Maitreyee Nandy, SN Roy, PK Sarkar†, Angular distribution of neutrons fromheavy ion induced reactions in thick targets, Nucl Instrum & Methods A556 (2006) 577Samir Maji†, Susanta Lahiri, Birgit Wierczinski†, Gunther Korschinek†, Separation of samariumand neodymium: a prerequisite for getting signals from nuclear synthesis, Analyst 131 (2006) 1332Samir Maji†, Susanta Lahiri, Birgit Wierczinski†, Gunther Korschinek†, Separation of trace levelhafnium from tungsten: A step forward to solve astronomical puzzle, Anal Chem 78 (2006) 2302Durjoy Majumdar, Debashis Banerjee, Sharmila Chandra, Subir Banerjee, Abhijit Chakrabarti,Red Cell Morphology in Leukemia, Hypoplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Pathophysiology13 (2006) 217

Biophysical Sciences 241P Majumder, B Chattopadhyay, A Mazumder, P Das, NP Bhattacharyya, Induction of apoptosisin cells expressing exogenous Hippi, a molecular partner of huntingtin-interacting protein Hip1,Neurobiol Dis 22 (2006) 242J Mookerjee Basu, A Mookerjee, P Sen, S Bhaumik, P Sen, S Banerjee, K Naskar, SK Choudhuri,B Saha, S Raha, S Roy, Sodium Antimony Gluconate Induces Generation of Reactive OxygenSpecies and Nitric Oxide via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activationin Leishmania donovani-Infected Macrophages, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006)1788Shayantani Mukherjee, Manju Bansal†, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Conformational Specificity ofNon-Canonical Base Pairs and Higher Order Structures in Nucleic Acid: Crystal Structure DatabaseAnalysis, J Comput Aided Mol Des 20 (2006) 629Dalia Nayak, Manaswita Nag†, Sujata Banerjee†, Ruma Pal†, Subrata Laskar†, Susanta Lahiri,Preconcentration of 198 Au in Rhizoclonium A green alga, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 268 (2006) 337A Rahman, MK Sanyal, R Gongopadhyay, A De, I Das, Evidence of ratchet effect in nanowires ofa conducting polymer, Phys Rev 73 ( 2006) 125313Kamalika Roy, Susanta Lahiri, A green method for synthesis of radioactive gold nanoparticles,Green Chemistry 8 (2006) 1063Subhasree Roy Choudhury†, Aparna Gomes†, Antony Gomes†, Jiban K Dattagupta, UdayadityaSen, Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray structural studies of a 7.2 kDa cytotoxin,isolated from the venom of Daboia russelli russelli of Viperidae family, Acta Cryst F62 (2006) 292Kakali Sen, Samita Basu, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Ab initio studies on excited state intramolecularelectron transfer in 4-amino-N-methylphthalimide and 3-amino-N-methylphthalimide, Int JQuantum Chem 106 (2006) 913P Sen, PK Chakraborty, S Raha, Tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate impedes the antiapoptoticeffects of low-grade repetitive stress through inhibition of Akt and NFkB survival pathways,FEBS Lett 580 (2006) 278A Sengupta, D Bandyopadhyay, S Chandra, S Banerjee, Gene therapy for BCR-ABL+ humanCML with dual phosphorylation resistant p27Kip1 and stable RNA interference using an EBVvector, J Gene Medicine 8 (2006) 1251S Sumathi, D Dasgupta, Effect of denaturants on the structure and activity of 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase, Ind J Biophys Biochem 43 (2006) 148S Sumathi, D Dasgupta, Interaction of 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase with cibacron blue, JEnzyme Inhib Med Chem 21 (2006) 472007Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, A new method of synthesis of iron doped calcium

242 Biennial Report 2005-07alginate beads and determination of iron content by radiometric method, Biochemical EngineeringJ 33 (2007) 260Dipankar Bhandari, Partha Saha, mRNA cycling sequence binding protein from Leishmania donovani(LdCSBP) is covalently modified by ubiquitination, FEMS Microbiol Lett 273 (2007) 206Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Siv Chand Koripella, Abhijit Mitra, Vijay Babu Rajendran, BhabdyutiSinha, Theoretical Analysis of Noncanonical Base Pairing Interactions in RNA Molecules, J Biosci32 (2007) 809Adity Bose, Debarati Dey, Samita Basu, Structure dependent switchover of reaction modes: Alaser flash photolysis and magnetic field effect study, J of Photochemistry and Photobiology A186(2007) 130H Chakraborty, PK Chakraborty, S Raha, PC Mandal, M Sarkar, Interaction of Piroxicam withmitochondrial membrane and cytochrome c, Biochem Biophys Acta 1768 (2007) 1138Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Bidisa Sengupta, Pradeep K Sengupta, Interactionof flavonoids with red blood cell membrane lipids and proteins: Antioxidant and Antihemolyticeffects, Int J Biol Macromol 41 (2007) 42P Grihanjali Devi, S Pal, D Dasgupta, Association of antitumor antibiotics, MITHRAMYCINand CHROMOMYCIN, with Zn(II), J Inorg Biochem 101 (2007) 127Debarati Dey, Adity Bose, Manas Chakrabarty†, Samita Basu, Magnetic field effect on photoinducedelectron transfer between dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and different amines in acetonitrile-watermixture, J of Physical Chemistry A111 (2007) 878Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Does phenazine form triplet excimer and dimmeranion radical?, J of Luminescence 124 (2007) 33U Ghosh, N Das, NP Bhattacharyya, Inhibition of telomerase activity by reduction of poly(ADPribosyl)ationof TERT and TEP1/TP1 expression in HeLa cells with knocked down poly(ADPribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) gene, Mutat Res 615 (2007) 66Susanta Lahiri, Soumi Sarkar, Studies on 66,67 Ga- and 199 Tl- poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) complexes,Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65 (2007) 309Moumita Maiti, Maitreyee Nandy, SN Roy, PK Sarkar†, Light charged particle emission fromneutron and a-induced reactions, Applied Radiation & Isotopes 65 (2007) 656Samir Maji†, Sukalyan Basu†, Susanta Lahiri, Studies on multielemental uptake of amide incorporatedAmberlite IRC-5- using tracer packet technique, Indian J Chem A46 (2007) 97Samir Maji†, S Basu†, A Ramaswami†, Susanta Lahiri, Application of tracer packet techniquefor multielemental uptake studies by ceric vanadate, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 271 (2007) 391Samir Maji†, Susanta Lahiri, Production of no-carrier-added 123 I produced by heavy ion acti-

Biophysical Sciences 243vation of natural antimony oxide, Radiochimica Acta 95 (2007) 133Sanjib Maji, Soumik Mukhopadhyay, R Gangopadhyay, A De, Smooth crossover from variablerange hopping with coulomb gap to nearest neighbor inter-chain hopping in conducting polymer,Physical Review B75 ( 2007) 073202S Mukherjee (Nee Chakraborty), U Ghosh, NP Bhattacharyya, RK Bhattacharya, S Dey, M Roy,Curcumin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cell HL-60 is associated with inhibition of telomeraseactivity, Mol Cell Biochem 297 (2007) 31NMITLI-BioSuite Team, BioSuite: A comprehensive bioinformatics software package (A uniqueindustry academia collaboration), Current Sci 92 (2007) 29Dalia Nayak, Titil Datta Samanta†, Subrata Laskar†, Susanta Lahiri, Application of tracer packettechnique for studying metal-protein interactions with Erythrina variegata Linn. seed proteins, JRadioanal Nucl Chem 271 (2007) 387SM Qaim†, T Bisinger†, K Hilgers†, D Nayak, HH Coenen†, Positron emission intensities in thedecay of 64 Cu, 76 Br and 124 I, Radiochimica Acta 95 (2007) 67P Roychoudhury, U Ghosh, NP Bhattacharyya, K Chaudhuri, Activation of mitochondrial promoterP(H)-binding protein in a radio-resistant Chinese hamster cell strain associated with Bcl-2.Biochem Biophys Res Commun 350 (2007) 272Banibrata Sen, V Venugopal, Anutosh Chakraborty, Rupak Datta, Subhankar Dolai, Rahul Banerjee,Alok K Datta, Amino Acid Residues of Leishmania Donovani Cyclophilin Key to Interactionwith Its Adenosine Kinase: Biological Implications, Biochemistry 46 (2007) 7832C Sunil†, M Maiti†, M Nandy, PK Sarkar†, Thick Target Neutron Dose Evaluation For 19 F+AlSystem, Radiation Protection Dosimetry 123 (2007) 277V Venugopal, Banibrata Sen, Alok K Datta, Rahul Banerjee, Structure of cyclophilin from Leishmaniadonovani at 1.97 resolution, Acta Cryst F63 (2007) 606.3 Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Schools &c8th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences(NAMLS-8), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 17-22, 2005•Susanta Lahiri, Probing the Nature with Accelerator (Invited)Workshop on Changing Scales in Nuclear Physics (VECC), Variable Energy CyclotronCentre, Kolkata, India, June 14-15, 2005•Maitreyee Nandy60th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, Mini-symposium: Biorel-

244 Biennial Report 2005-07evant Molecules, The Ohio State University, OH, USA, June 20, 2005•Anwesha Banerjee, Bidisa Sengupta, Sudip Chaudhuri, Pradeep K Sengupta, Encapsulation ofProdan in a beta-cyclodextrin environment: An experimental and theoretical study via electronicspectroscopy and molecular mechanics (Invited)•Pradeep K Sengupta, Session Chair, Mini-symposium: Biorelevant MoleculesXXIII Young Physicists Colloquium of the Indian Physical Society (YPC-2005) (TheIndian Physical Society), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, August25-26, 2005•Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Magnetic field modulation of photoinduced electrontransfer reaction: importance of participating molecules and mediaThe 10th International Conference on Accelarator Mass Spectrometry (AMS-10),Berkeley, California, September 5-10, 2005•Christof Vockenhuber†, Andreas Bergmaier†, Max Bichler†, Thomas Faestermann†, SusantaLahiri, Gunther Korschinek†, Klaus Knie†, Walter Kutschera†, Samir Maji†, Georg Rugel†, PeterSteier†, Anton Wallner†, Development of Isobar Separation for 182 Hf AMS Measurements of AstrophysicalInterestNinth Transcription Assembly (CCMB), CCMB, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,September 17-19, 2005•Dipak Dasgupta, Effect of DNA-binding small transcription inhibitors ponthe chromatin structure(Invited)One day workshop on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Inter University AcceleratorCentre), Inter University Accelerator Centre, Delhi, India, September 23, 2005•Susanta Lahiri, Role of radiochemistry in developing sample preparation methodologies for AMSexperiments (Invited)National Symposium on Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry (Department of Chemistry,Mysore University), Mysore University, Mysore, Karnataka, India, October 5-7,2005•Dipak Dasgupta, Grihanjali Devi, Sudipta Pal, Ayanjit Ghosh, Role of Metal Ion Binding in theMolecular Basis of Action of Two Anticancer Antibiotics, Chromomycin A3 AND Mithramycin(Invited)Workshop on Technology and Applications of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) (UN-ESCO, IAEA), ICTP, Trieste, Italy, October 17-28, 2005•Maitreyee NandyThe Indo-Taiwan Joint Workshop on Functional Genomics, Institute of Genomics andIntegrative Biology, New Delhi, Oct 20-21, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Transcription regulation by Hippi, a molecular partner of Huntingtin interactingprotein Hip1 (Invited)Workshop on New Experiments in Heavy Ion Radiation Biology, Inter-University AcceleratorCentre (IUAC), New Delhi, Oct 21-22, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Role of mitochondrial proteins in apoptosis induction by diverse stimula-

Biophysical Sciences 245tion (Invited)Discussion Meeting on Clinical Proteomics, Department of Biotechnology and PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Nov 6, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Neurodegenerative diseases: Identification of biological markers (Invited)Workshop on Advanced Microscopy and Cellular Dynamics (Centre for Cellular andMolecular Biology), Hyderabad, AP, India, November 10-14, 2005•Abhijit ChakrabartiInternational Symposium on Magneto-Science 2005 (ISMS 2005), Fundamentals andApplications of Magnetic Field Effects on Materials Processes and Functions, 9thSymposium on New Magneto-Science, 3rd Open Symposium on Innovative Utilizationof Strong Magnetic Fields (Department of Physics), Yokohama National University,Yokohama, Japan, November 14-17, 2005•Samita Basu, Tamal Sengupta, Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Adity Chowdhury, Dependence ofmagnetic field effect on solvent and environment (Invited)•Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Magnetic field effect on photoinduced electron transferbetween 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide and Indoles (Poster)National Symposium on Molecular Mechanism of Diseases and Drug Action(MMDDA-2005), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, November 16-18, 2005•Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Interaction of a model carcinogen, 4-Nitroquiniline1-oxide, with some Indole derivatives, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, BSA and Lysozyme (Poster)•Pukhrambam Grihanjali Devi, Sudipta Pal, Dipak Dasgupta, Effect of complex formation betweenZn2+ and the aureolic acid group of antibiotics upon the enzymatic activity of some Zn-dependentenzymes (Poster)Best Poster Award in MMDDA-2005 presented to Pukhrambam Grihanjali Devi•Rahul Banerjee, Partha Saha, Cell Cycle Regulation and Drug Targeting in Leishmania donovani(Invited)Symposium on Macromolecular Crystallography, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting andDiagnostics, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, November 15-16, 2005•Raka Ghosh, Chandana Chakrabarti, Crystal structure of NP24-I, an antifungal, salt induced proteinfrom tomato fruits•Sampa Biswas, Sibani Chakraborty, Chandana Chakrabarti, Debi Choudhury, JK Dattagupta, Rationaldesign of a model of thermostable papain - a proteolytic enzyme, based on the structures ofnaturally occurring thermostable proteins of the same family (Poster)50 years of Neurological services in West Bengal (Neuro-50): International symposiumon Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurology, Kolkata , Nov 17-20, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Molecular Genetics of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Caused by the Expansionof Triplet Repeats: Our Experiences in Kolkata (Invited)International Symposium on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Products in Biomedicineand their efficacy in present era and XXVI Annual Conference of Indian Association ofBiomedical Scientists, SN Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta,

246 Biennial Report 2005-07Kolkata, India, Nov 25-27, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Co-Chair a sessionDAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics (DAE-BRNS), BARC, Mumbai, India,December 8-12, 2005•C Sunil, M Maiti, M Nandy, PS Sharma, MV Dingankar, PK Sarkar, Thick Target Neutron YieldFor 19F+Al System (Poster) [Proc DAE-BRNS Symposium on Nuclear Physics, (BRNS, Mumbai,2006) p212]Symposium on Translational research: Apoptosis and Cancer, Tiruvanthapuram, Kerala,India, December 13-17, 2005•Prabir Kumar Chakraborty, P Sen, S Raha, Resveratrol-induced apoptosis is mediated by inhibitionof NFkB in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562 (Poster)Trendy’s in Bio-chemistry: Science in the post Genomic era, Indian Institute of ChemicalBiology, Kolkata, India, December 29-30, 2005•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Applications of Human Genome Sequence Information in Biomedical Researches(Invited)•Dipak Dasgupta, Chromatin Structure as a target of the anticancer drugs(Invited)National Symposium on Molecules, Interactions and Design: A Biophysical Perspective(IBS 2006) (Indian Biophysical Society), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,Kolkata, India, January 7-9, 2006•Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Beta-cyclodextrins as prospective drugdelivery vehicles for therapeutically active plant flavonoids: Fluorescence spectroscopic and MolecularDocking Studies (Poster)•Anwesha Banerjee, Best Poster Award (Prof NN Saha Memorial Award)•Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Binding and antioxidantproperties of some flavonoids in RBC- Ghost membranes (Poster)•Pradeep K Sengupta, Session Chair: Biological Spectroscopy Session I•Pukhrambam Grihanjali Devi, Role of metal chelating ability of the aureolic acid group of antibioticsin their molecular basis of action (Poster)•Suman Kalyan Pradhan, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of association of antibiotics to the primecellular target DNA (Poster)•Dipak Dasgupta, DNA as a target for aureolicacid group of anticancer antibiotics•Madhumita Chakraborty, Amitabha Sengupta, Subrata Banerjee, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Cloning Expressionand Purification of the DNA Binding Domain of RFX5: Conformational Studies•Samita Basu, Tamal Sengupta, Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Adity Chowdhury, Interactions ofsmall drug-like molecules with amines and DNA bases: a magnetic field effect study (Invited)•Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Samita Basu, Interaction of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, with somemodel biomolecules: a study with magnetic field (Poster)XXIX All India Cell Biology Conference and Symposium on Gene to Genome: Environmentand Chemical Interaction (Indian Society of Cell Biology), Indian ToxicologyResearch Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, January 17-20, 2006•Sanjib Dey, Partha Saha, Studies of J-domain containing proteins in cellular processes (Poster)16th National Symposium on Radiation Physics (NSRP 16) (Meenakshi College, Chen-

Biophysical Sciences 247nai and ISRP), Meenakshi College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, January 18-20, 2006•Maitreyee Nandy, Neutron yield from high energy nuclear reactions (Invited) [Proc 16th NationalSymposium on Radiation Physics (NSRP 16), Ed(s) AK Jena, R Mathiyarasu and V Gopalakrishnan(IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 2006) p139]•Maitreyee Nandy, PK Sarkar, Transmission through concrete of spallation neutron dose from LBEand W targets (Poster) [ibid p497]•Moumita Maiti, Maitreyee Nandy, SN Roy, PK Sarkar, Transmitted Neutron Dose from IntermediateEnergy Protons on Thick Targets (Poster) [ibid p475]•PS Sharma, C Sunil, Anand Raman, Nandy Maitreyee, Sathiyan PV, Dingankar MV, Sarkar PK,Sharma DN, Simulated Design of a Neutron Spectrometer for Radiation Protection (Poster)Workshop on Physics of Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System for Energy and Transmutation(Physics Dept, Rajasthan Univ), Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,January 23-26, 2006•PK Sarkar, Maitreyee Nandy, Accelerator Driven Systems from the Radiological Safety point ofview (Invited) [Pramana 68 (2007) p225]International Conference on Application of Radiotracers in Chemical, Environmentaland Biological Sciences (ARCEBS-06), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata,India, January 23-27, 2006•Sree Latha, P Padmaja Sudhakar, Maitreyee Nandy, Adsorption-Desorption of Radiocesium inSoi (Poster) [Proc International Conference on Application of Radiotracers in Chemical, Environmentaland Biological Sciences , Ed(s) Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, Atri Mukhopadhyay (SahaInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, 2006) p173]•Kamalika Roy, P Sinha†, Susanta Lahiri, Accumulation of Gold Using Baker’s Yeast•AK Saha†, N Chakraborty†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, R Pal†, Studies on bioaccumulation of152 Eu, 137 Cs, 60 Co by different algal genera (Poster) [ibid p221]•Partha Sarathi Guin, Susanta Lahiri, Speciation dependent ion exchange separation of arsenateand arsenite by solid phase extraction using a radiochemical method (Poster) [ibid p103]Second best presentation•Kakoli Banerjee, Susanta Lahiri, Prabhat Kr Ray†, Sibdas Ray†, Synthesis of a novel organic sequesteringagent bis-(5-acetyl-4-methylThiazole-2-yl)methane and its application in gold metal ionbinding (Poster) [ibid p81]•Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta Lahiri, Studies on bioaccumulation of 198 Au by an alkaloid extracted fromfruits of piper nigrum ( Family: Piperaceae) (Poster) [ibid p45]•Kamalika Roy, Susanta Lahiri, Polyethylene glycol based aqueous biphasic system: A potentialextractant of Gold (III) (Poster) [ibid p43]•Samir Maji†, Susanta Lahiri, Production and separation of no-carrier-added 123 I produced byheavy ion irradiation of antimony oxide(Poster) [ibid p18]Best Presentation•Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, Gunther Korschinek†, Separation of no-carrier-added 52 Mn frombulk chromium: A simulation study for AMS measurement of 53 Mn [ibid p16]•Susanta Lahiri, Green Chemistry using radiotracers at SINP (Invited) [ibid p142]•Samita BasuNew Perspectives in Physical Chemistry Curriculum (Department of Chemistry), Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, India, February 8, 2006•Samita Basu

248 Biennial Report 2005-0742nd Annual Convention of Chemists (Indian Chemical Society), Visva-Bharati University,Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, February 9-13, 2006•Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta Lahiri, Effect of accumulation of arsenic by an alkaloid extracted fromfruits of Piper nigrum (Family: Piperaceae)•Partha Sarathi Guin, Susanta Lahiri, A radiochemical study on iron speciation by liquid-liquidextractionNational Conference on Frontiers in Polymer Science and Technology POLYMER 2006(Polymer Science Unit, IACS and The Society for Polymer Science, India-KolkataChapter), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India, February10-12, 2006•Amitabha De, Synthesis, Characterization and Transport Properties of Conducting PolymerNanocomposites (Invited)35th National Seminar on Crystallography (Indian Crystallographic Association), NationalPhysical Laboratory, New Delhi, India, February 22-24, 2006•Chandana Chakrabarti, Raka Ghosh, Studies on some thaumatin-like proteins (Poster)International Symposium on Agriculturally Important Microorganisms: Conservation,Utilization, Bioremediation and Ecological Significance, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, India, February 23-25, 2006•Radha Bhattacharya, Tapan K Roy, Microbiological and Ultrastructural Studies of Rhizobium sp.cells treated with EndosulfanHumboldt Kolleg on Bio-, Nano-, Geo-Sciences: Addressing issues of concern toMankind (Humboldt Chapter Chandigarh and Kanpur), Institute of Himalayan BioresourceTechnology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India, March 24-26, 2006•Susanta Lahiri, Kamalika Roy, Application of radiotracers in bio-nano-geo sciences: trends inSINP, Kolkata (Invited)4th Chemical Research Society of India symposium (Chemical Research Society ofIndia), University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, August 4, 2006Susanta Lahiri, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: An ultrasensitive tool for elemental analysis (Invited)•Samita Basu15th Radiochemical Conference, Czech Technical university in Prague, Prague, CzechRepublic, August 4, 2006•Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Speciation dependent study and removal of arsenicfrom water by Iron-Calcium alginate beads using radiotracer techniqueThe 8th International Meeting on Human Genome Variation and complex GenomeAnalysis: HGV2006, Hong Kong, Sept 14-16, 2006•Kanad Baksi, Biswanath Chattopadhyay, Subrata Banerjee, Durjoy Majumder, Utpal Choudhury,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Investigations on single nucleotide polymorphisms in apoptotic genes amongnormal individuals, leukemic patients and patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases causedby the expansion of CAG repeats in the coding sequences originated mainly from eastern part of

Biophysical Sciences 249India (Poster)Seminar on APC Ray and Chemistry Today (Indian Chemical Society), Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata, India, September 15, 2006•Samita Basu4th International workshop on Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (Internationalboard of Biomonitoring), University of Crete, Crete, Greece, September 17-21, 2006•D Nayak, A Banerjee†, D Chakraborty†, S Lahiri, Migration studies of environmentally hazardous51 Cr in Mung beansNational Conference cum Seminar on the Emerging Trends in Physics (SGTB KhalsaCollege), University of Delhi, Delhi,India, September 20-23, 2006•Abhijit Chakrabarti, Patches, Posts and Fences of Biomembranes (Invited)AMS related workshop (Technical University of Munich), Garching, Germany, October11, 2006•Susanta Lahiri, AMS related chemistry (Invited)International Symposium on Emerging Trends in Genomic and Proteomic Sciences,National Institute for Research in Reproroductive Health, Mumbai, India, October15-18, 2006•Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Debashis Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Red cell proteomics withand without hemoglobin (Invited)National Symposium on Advances in Chemistry and Environmental Impact (ACE-2006), North-Eastern Hill University, Shilong, Meghalaya, India, November 2-3, 2006•Dalia Nayak, Immobilization of some γ emitting natural radionuclides by bioreagents using tracerpacket of heavy and toxic metals (Invited)DAE-BRNS Indian Particle Accelerator Conference (InPAC-2006) (DAE-BRNS),Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India, November 4-8, 2006•C Sunil, M Maiti, M Nandy, T Bandyopadhyay, AA Shanbhag, PK Sarkar, Thick Target NeutronYield in Positive Ion Accelerators (Poster)•Maitreyee Nandy, PK Sarkar, Neutron Yield and Induced Activity in LBE Target by Protons(Poster)3rd RNA Group Meeting, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Nov11-12, 2006•Pritha Majumder, S Sukanya, T Roy, B Chattopadhyay, A Choudhury, A Lahiri,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Transcriptional regulation of caspase-1 and other genes by HIPPI, a molecularpartner of Huntingtin interacting protein HIP1 (Invited)•Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Session Chair: Session 5, tRNA and translation factorsWorkshop on Exotic Radionuclides from Accelerator Waste for Science and Technology,Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Brugg, Switzerland, November 15-17, 2006•Susanta Lahiri, Dalia Nayak, Kamalika Roy, Possible Role of ‘Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics- Radiochemistry Group’ in ERAWAST Project

250 Biennial Report 2005-07DAE-BRNS Discussion Meet on Current Trends and Future Perspectives of NeutronActivation Analysis (Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, DAE), Bhabha AtomicResearch Centre, Mumbai, India, November 16-17, 2006•Kamalika Roy, Anupam Banerjee†, Kalpita Ghosh, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, RadiochemistryResearch at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics using Neutron Activation (Invited) [Proc DAE-BRNSDiscussion Meet on Current Trends and Future Perspectives of Neutron Activation Analysis, Ed(s)AVR Reddy, R Acharya, AGC Nair, VK Manchanda (BRNS, DAE, Mumbai, 2006) p158]International Conference on Radiation Biology, and 5th Lowrad International Conferenceon effects of low dose radiation on human health, Banaras Hindu University,Benaras, UP, November 20-22, 2006•Paromita Roychoudhury, Bhaswati Pandit, Keya Choudhuri, Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Increasedtranscription of genes in a radio-resistant cell strain derived from Chinese hamster V79 cells(Invited)Joint Conference of the Asian Crystallographic Association and Crystallographic Societyof Japan (Asian Crystallographic Association and Crystallographic Society ofJapan), Epocal, Tsukuba, Japan, November 20-25, 2006•Sampa Biswas, Chandana Chakrabarti, JK Dattagupta, Sibani Chakraborty, Raka Ghosh, Structurefunction correlation of multiple cysteine proteases from a tropical plant Ervatamia coronaria(Poster)18th National Congress of Parasitology 2006 on Advances in Parasitology Research ofTropical Diseases (Indian Parasitology Society), Indian Institute of Chemical Biology,Kolkata, India, November 22-24, 2006•S Raha, Protein kinases from Entamoeba histolytica: comprehensive characterization of a mitogenactivated protein kinase and a p21activated kinase(Invited)•Santanu Roy, Partha Saha, Studies of cell cycle related proteins of Leishmania parasites (Poster)•Dipankar Bhandari, Partha Saha, Regulation of S-phase specific gene expression in Leishmaniadonovani•Alakananda Goswami (Nag), Partha Saha, Screening of substrates of cyclin dependant kinases ofLeishmania donovani (Poster)The 47th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Haematology & TransfusionMedicine, Guahati Medical College, Guahati,India, November 24-26, 2006•Sumanta Basu, Debashis Banerjee, Sharmila Chandra, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Loss of membraneasymmetry and sialylated glycoconjugates: Is this a reason for the anemic condition associatedwith HbEβ-thalassemia?Best Presentation AwardInternational Workshop on The Application of nanocrystalline Diamond Like CarbonMaterials (IWAncDLC-200) (Saha institute of Nuclear Physics), Saha Instituteof Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, November 28-December 1, 2006•Shiv Govind Prasad, Samita Basu, Nihar Ranjan Ray, UV-Vis Absorption SpectrophotometricInvestigation of Nanocrystalline Diamond Like Carbon Materials (Invited)[Proc International Workshop on the Application of Nanocrystalline Diamond and Diamond LikeCarbon Materials, Ed(s) Nihar Ranjan Ray (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, 2006)p303]

Biophysical Sciences 251•Samita Basu, Nihar Ranjan Ray, Shiv Govind Prasad, Some Photophysical Studies of NanocrystallineDiamond-like Amorphous Carbon Using UV Visible Spectroscopic Techniques (Invited) [ibidp99]2nd National Frontiers of Science (NatFoS) for Young Indian Scientists (Indian NationalScience Academy), New Delhi, India, December 3-4, 2006•Dalia NayakJoint third AOHUPO and fourth Strctural Biology & Functional Genomics Conference(National University of Singapore), Singapore, December 4-7, 2006•Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Debashis Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit Chakrabarti, Red cell proteomics withand without hemoglobin75th Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Chemists on Membrane Proteins& Receptors, Jwaharlal Nehru University,New Delhi, December 8-11, 2006•Abhijit Chakrabarti, Membrane interaction of erythroid spectrin: Density dependent high affinitybinding to phosphatidylethanolamine (Invited)Nuclear Architecture:Chromosome-chromatin Dynamics, JNCASR, Bangalore, India,December 11-13, 2006•Dipak Dasgupta, Suman Kalyan Pradhan, Effect of DNA-binding plant antibiotic,sanguinatine,upon chromatin and nucleosomeThird NBRC International Conference, New Delhi, India, December 13-15, 2006•Swasti Raychaudhuri, Pritha Majumder, Somosree Sarkar, Kalyan Giri, Debashis Mukhopadhyay,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, HYPK, a Huntingtin interactor, is a novel Intrinsically Unstructured Proteinthat exhibits chaperone like activity (Poster)International Conference on Structure and Dynamics: Fom Micro to Macro (Universityof Calcutta), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, December15-17, 2006•Debarati Dey, Manas Chakraborty, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Sanjib Ghosh†, Samita Basu, Evidenceof formation of hydrogen bond in the excited state between Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and proticsolvents (Invited)•Adity Bose, Samita Basu, Laser flash photolysis and magnetic field effect study on electron transferbetween two quinones and DNA bases in homogeneous and heterogeneous media (Poster)•Swagata Banerjee†, Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Swagata Dasgupta, Soumen Basak, SamitaBasu, Elucidation of the mode of interaction between the anticancer drug menadione and hen eggwhite lysozyme (Poster)•Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Effect of beta-cyclodextrin nanocavityconfinement on the photophysics of robinetin (Poster)•Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Bidisa Sengupta, Absorption and fluorescencespectroscopic studies on the interactions of some flavonoids with red blood cell membranes:antioxidant and antihemolytic effects (Poster)National Conference on Modern Trends in Chemistry (Presidency College), Kolkata,India, December 18, 2006•Abhijit Chakrabarti, Proteins and lipids of red blood cells: cross-talks & disease (Invited)

252 Biennial Report 2005-07Biennial Conference of the Society for Free Radical Research-Asia, (Society Free RadicalResearch-Asia and Society Free Radical Research-India), Farias Resort, Lonavala,Maharashtra, India, January 8-11, 2007•S Raha, Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol hinder the anti-apoptotic effects ofchronic/repetitive stress (Invited)Kolkata Neuroscience Meeting - 2007, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata,India, January 9-11, 2007•Swasti Raychaudhuri, Pritha Majumder, Somosree Sarkar, Kalyan Giri, Debashis Mukhopadhyay,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Huntingtin (Htt) interacting protein HYPK exhibits characteristics of intrinsicallyunstructured proteins with novel chaperone like activity (Invited)International Conference on Chromosomes to Neurons (ICCTN) (Department of Biophysics,Molecular Biology and Genetics, Calcutta University and Saha Institute ofNuclear Physics), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, January 12-14,2007•Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Beta-cyclodextrin as prospective drugdelivery vehicles for therapeutically active plant flavonoids: Spectroscopic and Molecular mechanicsstudies (Poster)•Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Bidisa Sengupta, Pradeep K Sengupta, Spectroscopicstudies on the interactions of some flavonoids with red blood cell membranes: antioxidantand antihemolytic effects (Poster)•Swasti Raychaudhuri, Pritha Majumder, Somosree Sarkar, Kalyan Giri, Debashis Mukhopadhyay,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, HYPK, a Huntingtin interactor, is a novel Intrinsically Unstructured Proteinthat exhibits chaperone like activity (Poster)•Pritha Majumder, Manisha Banerjee, Anonyo Chaudhury, Ansuman Lahiri, Nitai P Bhattacharyya,Role of HIPPI as transcription regulator (Poster)National Symposium on Biophysics: Trends in Biomedical Research (Indian BiophysicalSociety), INSA, New Delhi, India, January 13-15, 2007•D Bhattacharyya, A Mitra†, B Sinha†, M Bansal†, J Das, S Mukherjee, P Majumdar, M Bhattacharyya,A Roy, Non-canonical base pairs in RNA: An algorithmic approach for database analysis(Invited)National Symposium on Radiation & Photochemistry (National Centre for UltrafastProcesses), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, January 29-31,2007•Debarati Dey, Samita Basu, Magnetic field effect on transient produced from interaction ofDibenzo[a,c]phenazine with different amines in homogenerous media: a rare observation (Poster)Best Presentation•Adity Bose, Samita Basu, Laser flash photolysis and magnetic field effect study on electron transferbetween quinones and amine bases in homogeneous and heterogeneous media, (Poster)National Symposium on Current Trends in Chemistry (Department of Chemistry,Kalyani University), Kalyani, West Bengal, India, January 30-31, 2007•Anupam Banerjee†, Kalpita Ghosh, Susanta Lahiri, Separation of no carrier added 199−201 Tl,199−200 Pb and 197 Hg from bulk gold using piperine (Poster)•Kamalika Roy, Susanta Lahiri, Aqueous Biphasic Extraction of As(III) and As(V) (Poster)

Biophysical Sciences 253•Dalia Nayak, Anupam Banerjee†, Ayan Das†, Kingshuk Ghosh†, Susanta Lahiri, An attempt todetermine the dynamic dissociation constant of chromium- poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) complex employingradiotracer technique (Poster)National Conference on Photosciences (Indian Photobiology Society and Departmentof Chemistry, Jadavpur University), Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, January 31,2007•Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Pradeep K Sengupta, Interaction of 7-Hydroxyflavone with HumanSerum Albumin: A Spectroscopic Study (Poster)•Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Bidisa Sengupta, Pradeep K Sengupta, Interactionand antioxidant activity of 3-Hydroxyflavone with egg phosphatidylcholine liposome: Absorptionand fluorescence spectroscopic studies (Poster)•Pradeep K Sengupta, Session Chair•Samita BasuNational Symposium on 21st Century Research in Biochemistry & Biophysics (Departmentof Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani), University of Kalyani,Kalyani, West Bengal, India, February 1-3, 2007•Sudip Chaudhuri, Anwesha Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Bidisa Sengupta, Pradeep K Sengupta, Spectroscopicstudies on the binding and antioxidant effects of 3-hydroxyflavone in egg phosphatidylliposomes and red blood cell ghost membranes (Poster)•Sanjib Dey, Partha Saha, Putative DNA replication initiation protein LdORC1 from LeishmaniadonovaniBest Oral Presentation•Sanjib Dey, Partha Saha, Studies of J-domain containing protein in cellular processesBest Oral Presentation•Santanu Roy, Partha Saha, Studies of cell cycle related proteins of Leishmania donovani Poster30th All India Cell Biology conference & Symposium on Molecules to Compartments:Cross-Talks and Networks, University of Delhi-main Campus, Delhi, India, February2-4, 2007•S Raha, Pro-survival effects of chronic/repetitive stress are obstructed by Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and Resveratrol (Invited)•Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi, PK Chakraborty, S Raha, Characterization of heat shock responsein V79 fibroblastAll India Cell Biology Conference, (Indian Society of Cell Biology), University ofDelhi, Delhi, India, February 2-4, 2007•Prabir Kumar Chakraborty, S Banerjee Mustafi, S Raha, Resveratrol-induced apoptosis is mediatedby inhibition of NFkB in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562•Amit Kumar Maity, Partha Saha, Putative DNA replication initiation protein LdORC1 fromLeishmania donovani (Poster)National Symposium on Biophysics: Trends in Biomedical Research (IBS 2007) (Departmentof NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences), INSAAuditorium, New Delhi, India, February 13-15, 2007•Manisha Banerjee, Pritha Majumder, Udayaditya Sen, Ananyo Chaudhury, Ansuman Lahiri, JKDattagupta, Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Understanding the interactions of HIP1 protein interactor

254 Biennial Report 2005-07(HIPPI) with the promoter sequence of Caspase-1: Biophysical and crystallographic approach(Poster)•Swagata Banerjee, Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury, Swagata Dasgupta, Soumen Basak, SamitaBasu, Spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between the anticancer drug menadione andhen egg white lysozyme (Poster)•D Bhattacharyya, A Mitra, B Sinha, M Bansal†, J Das, S Mukherjee, P Majumdar, M Bhattacharyya,A Roy, Non-Canonical Base Pairs in RNA: An Algorithmic Approach for DatabaseAnalysis (Invited)•Sudipta Pal, Dipak Dasgupta, Thermodynamics of interaction of T7 RNA Polymerase with itssubstrates (Poster)•Shibojyoti Lahiri, P Grihanjali Devi, Parijat Majumder, Dipak Dasgupta, Aggregation of theDNA-binding anti-cancer drug Mithramycin (Poster)•Parijat Majumder, Suman Kalyan Pradhan, Dipak Dasgupta, Effect of small transcription inhibitorsupon Chromatin structure: A Thermodynamic Approach (Poster)•Pradeep K Sengupta, Session ChairXXXII Annual Conference of Indian Society of Human Genetics and InternationalSymposium on ”Deconstructing Human Diseases: The Genomic Advantage”, IICB,February, 14-16, 2007•Pritha Majumder, Manisha Banerjee, Ananyo Choudhury, Ansuman Lahiri, Debashis Mukhopadhyay,Nitai P Bhattacharyya, Novel function of HIPPI, a molecular partner of huntingtin ineractingprotein HIP1 as a transcription regulator (Invited)Nucl Radiochem Symp, NUCAR 2007 (Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, DAE),The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Maharashtra, India, February14-17, 2007•Dalia Nayak, Radiotracer Experiments with Biopolymers and Bio-compatible polymers (Invited)[Proc Nucl Radiochem Symp, NUCAR 2007, Ed(s) PK Pujari, A Goswami, RM Sawant, S Jeyakumar,V Venugopal (BRNS, DAE, Mumbai, 2007) p118]•Dalia Nayak, Anupam Banerjee†, Susanta Lahiri, Speciation dependent studies on removal of arsenicby iron doped calcium alginate beads (Poster) [ibid p583]•Kalpita Ghosh, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Studies on bio-accumulation of 51 Cr by Piper nigrum(Poster) [ibid p577]•Anupam Banerjee†, Dalia Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Separation of no-carrier-added 66,67 Ga frombulk cobalt by a biopolymer [ibid p575]•Soumi Sarkar†, Susanta Lahiri, Separation of no-carrier-added 199 Pb and 199 Tl by dialysis usingpoly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (Poster) [ibid p579]•G Sree Latha†, P Padmaja Sudhakar†, Maitreyee Nandy, A dsorption and desorption studies ofradioactive cesium on soil (Poster) [ibid p637]•Kamalika Roy, Susanta Lahiri, Investigation of Cr(III/VI) uptake kinetics in baker•Susanta Lahiri, Kamalika Roy, Speciation dependent study of 51 Cr(VI) and 51 Cr(III) using anAqueous Biphasic System (Poster) [ibid p581]Second International Conference on Electroactive Polymers: Materials and Devices(Indian Society of Electroactive Polymers), University of Goa, Dona Paula, Panaji,Goa, India, February 19-24, 2007•Amitabha De, Ajoy Das, Pintu Sen

Biophysical Sciences 25512th ISMAS Symposium cum Workshop on Mass Spectrometry (ISMAS), Dona Paula,Goa, India, March 25-30, 2007•Susanta Lahiri, Moumita Maiti†, Probing the nature- past, present and future with AMS andhighly efficient chemistry (Invited)6.4 Ph D Awards & SubmissionsUtpal Ghosh [Nitai P Bhattacharyya], Apoptosis induction and telomerase regulation by poly (ADPribose)polymerase and protein kinases in cultured mammalian cells, Jadavpur University, AwardedFebruary, 2007Kanad Baksi [Nitai P Bhattacharyya], Investigations on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in patientsand normal individuals originated from Eastern India, Jadavpur University, Awarded September2006Pritha Majumder [Nitai P Bhattacharyya], Mechanism (s) of apoptosis induction by ectopic expressionof huntingtin gene fragment and Hippi, an interactor of huntingtin interacting protein Hip-1,Calcutta University, Submitted March 2007Poppy Datta [Abhijit Chakrabarti], Study of the Interaction of Hemoglobin and its Subunits withErythroid Spectrin, Jadavpur University, Submitted August 1, 2006Piyali Guha Thakurta [Chandana Chakrabarti], Crystallograhic studies of a few biologically importantproteins, Jadavpur University, Submitted June 10, 2004, Awarded September 27, 2005Shayantani Mukherjee [Dhananjay Bhattacharyya], Some Aspects governing Biomolecular Recognitionthrough Deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) / Ribonucleicacid (RNA): Theoretical ComputationalStudies, Jadavpur University, Submitted August 1, 2006Tamal Sengupta [Samita Basu], Magnetic Field Effect in Photoinduced Electron Transfer, JadavpurUniversity, Submitted July 2, 2004, Awarded April 12, 2005Kakali Sen [Samita Basu], Characterization of Intermediates in Photoinduced Electron TransferReactions: Magnetic Field Effect and ab initio Quantum Chemical Studies, Jadavpur University,Submitted July 25, 2005, Awarded February 27, 2006Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury [Samita Basu], Some Physical Aspects on Photoinduced ElectronTransfer Reactions, Jadavpur University, Submitted January 18, 2006, Awarded July 4, 2006Samir Maji [Susanta Lahiri], Application of Tracer Packet in Radiochemical Sciences, The Universityof Burdwan, Submitted August 20, 2006Utpal Basu [Subrata Banerjee], A novel EBV based vector for gene therapy of HematologicalDisorders, Calcutta, Submitted August 15, 2004, Awarded August 20, 2005

256 Biennial Report 2005-07Durjoy Majumder [Subrata Banerjee], Transcriptional regulation of immune recognition in hematologicalmalignancies, Jadavpur, Submitted December 7, 2005, Awarded September 20, 2006Prosenjit Sen [Sanghamitra Raha], Cellular survival and apoptosis: Involvement of Signal TransductionPathways, Jadavpur University, Submitted June 3, 2006, Awarded January 24, 2007Moumita Maiti [Maitreyee Nandy, SN Roy], Production of Neutrons and light changed particles inNuclear reactions, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Submitted September, 2006Malyasri Bhattacharyya [Abhijit Chakrabarti], Studies on the chaperone activity and hydrophobicligand binding properties of erythroid spectrin, Jadavpur University, Awarded July 20066.5 Honours and DistinctionsDalia NayakAssociate membership of Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) 2007-20096.6 Teaching elsewhereNitai P BhattacharyyaBiotechnology and Molecular Biology, M Sc, Kalyani UniversityIntroduction to Genomics (20), M Sc Biotechnology, BC Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering andBiotechnology, Kolkata, University of CalcuttaBasic Biology, Post M Sc Diploma Course in Bioinformatics, Biophysics, Molecular Biology andGenetics Department, University of CalcuttaAbhijit ChakrabartiStructure, Folding & Function of Proteins (42), January 2-April 30, 2007, SN Bose National Centrefor Basic Sciences, KolkataSampa BiswasX-ray Crystallography (8), November 1, 2005-February 1, 2006, M Sc, Presidency College, KolkataPartha SahaRegulation of eukaryotic cell cycle (10), January 1, 2006-March 31, 2006, M Sc Biochemistry, (Special)University of CalcuttaDNA Replication (15), January 1, 2006-March 31, 2006, M Sc Biotechnology, Microbiology, Genetics,(Special) University of CalcuttaDNA Replication (15), January 1, 2007-March 31, 2007, M Sc Biotechnology, Microbiology, Genetics,(Special) University of CalcuttaPrinciples and methods of recombinant DNA technology (15), March 29, 2007-April 3, 2007, M ScBiochemistry, (Special) Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur

Biophysical Sciences 257Samita BasuSpectroscopy (10), December 1, 2005-February 28, 2006, M Sc 2005-2006, (Inorganic Chemistry(special)) University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaSusanta LahiriRadioanalytical Chemistry (6), April 1, 2005-March 31, 2006, M Sc 2005-06, (Inorganic Chemistry)University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaRadioanalytical Chemistry (6), April 1, 2006-March 31, 2007, M Sc 2006-07, (Inorganic Chemistry)University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaRadioanalytical Chemistry (6), April 1, 2006-March 31, 2007, M Sc 2006-2007, (Nuclear and AnalyticalChemistry Special) The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, IndiaDalia nayakNuclear Activation Analysis and Radiotracer Technique (12), April 1, 2005-March 31, 2006, M Sc2005-06, (Nuclear and Analytical Chemistry) University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, IndiaDhananjay BhattacharyyaMolecular Modeling (15), September 1, 2007-November 1, 2007, M Sc, (General) West Bengal Universityof Technology, KolkataPradeep K SenguptaSpectroscopy of Biomolecules (15 Lectures each session), August 15, 2005- March 31, 2007, M Sc2005-06, 2006-07, (General) Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, CalcuttaUniversity, Kolkata, IndiaSpectroscopy in Life sciences: Perspectives and prospects (1), February 20, 2007, Refresher Course,Department of Botany, University College of Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata, IndiaFluorescence Spectroscopy in Biology: Perspectives and Prospects (4), March 12-19, 2007, M Tech,Integrated Ph D course 2007, (General) West Bengal University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata,IndiaMaitreyee NandyRadiation Protection Act and the Regulation (1), April 2, 2005, Diploma Course in Industrial Safety2005-2006, () Regional Labour Institute, Kolkata, IndiaRadiation Protection Act and the Regulation (1), May 20, 2006, Diploma Course in Industrial Safety2006-2007, Regional Labour Institute, Kolkata, India6.7 Seminars given elsewhereNitai P Bhattacharyya•Molecular Genetics and Biology of Huntington’s disease, West Bengal University of Technology,Kolkata, September 1, 2006•Transcription Regulation by HIPPI, a molecular partner of Huntingtin interacting protein HIP1,Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China, September 19, 2006Samita Basu

258 Biennial Report 2005-07•Interaction of light with matter, Raniganj TDB College, Raniganj, West Bengal, India, August31, 2005•Excited state properties of molecules and appilications, Academic Staff College, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, India, January 6, 2006•Basic principles of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chandernagore College, Chandernagore, West Bengal,India, September 20, 2006•Photoinduced electron transfer, Academic Staff College, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, January18, 2007Dhananjay Bhattacharyya•Extra Watson-Crick Hydrogen Bonds in DNA Structure, Indian Association for the Cultivationof Science, Kolkata, India, August 4, 2006Dipak Dasgupta•Chromatin Structure as a target of the DNA-binding small transcription inhibitors, BiochemistryDepartment, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, November 18, 2006•Chromatin Structure as a target of the DNA-binding small transcription inhibitors, National Centrefor Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India, August 4Susmita Khamrui•Alteration in loop conformation and specificity due to P1 mutation in a chymotrypsin inhibitor:X-ray structural (2.15Å) and biochemical studies, Guwahati University, Guwahati, Assam, India,January 12, 2005•The reactive site loop and scaffold of serine protease inhibitors: role in religation and specificity,University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, February 3, 2007Susanta Lahiri•Evolution of tracer technique, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, April 30, 2005•Recent Trends in Radiochemistry Research at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Institute of ModernPhysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, August 31, 2005•Recent Trends in Radiochemistry Research at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Institute of HighEnergy Physics, Beijing, China, September 9, 2005•Radioactivity and its beneficial use for mankind, Burdwan Raj College, Burdwan, West Bengal,India, December 22, 2005•Application of Nuclear Chemistry in Nuclear Medicine, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chuchura, WestBengal, India, December 2, 2005•Probing nature with accelerator, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India,September 26, 2006•Looking millions years before with AMS and a highly efficient chemistry, Institute of ParticlePhysics, ETH Hoenggerberg, Switzerland, November 14, 2006Maitreyee Nandy•Activation Estimation for LBE using ALICE 91 and QMD, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, October 25, 2005Sanghamitra Raha•Use of Protein Kinase Inhibitors as Drugs. Refresher Course for College Teachers, organized bythe Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, August 7,

Biophysical Sciences 2592006•EhPAK3, a p21 activated kinase (PAK) from Entamoeba histolytica is an intrinsically disorderedprotein involved in receptor capping, IICB, Kolkata, India, September 20, 2006Partha Saha•Search for unique cell cycle mechanism in Leishmania donovani, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology,Kolkata, India, June 28, 2005•Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: its distinct features, West Bengal University ofTechnology, Kolkata, India, September 9, 2006•Cell cycle regulation in Leishmania parasites: its distinct features, Jawharlal Nehru University,New Delhi, India, October 5, 2006Udayaditya Sen•Role of protein scaffold of serine protease inhibitors in religation and prevention of proteolysis,University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India, January 20, 2006Pradeep K Sengupta•Excited State Proton Transfer fluorescence as a tool for exploring the interactions of plantflavonoids with different biological targets, Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University,Tallahassee, Florida, USA, June 24, 2005•Application of Raman and Fluorescence spectroscopy to bimolecules: An overview, West BengalUniversity of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India, May 5, 20066.8 Seminars held in the InstituteDr Indranil Biswas, School Medicine, Univ of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USAStreptococcal Pathogenesis: Unrveling the role of CovR in virulence regulation, September 7, 2007Dr J Gowrishankar, CDFD, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaToxic R-loops during bacterial transcription, May 26, 2005Dr Chandan K Sen, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State MedicalCenter, Ohio, USAMolecular Basis of Vitamin E Action in Neurodegeneration and Stroke, December 21, 2005Prof GV Shivashankar, NCBS, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaProbing nanoscale chromatin architecture, January 31, 2007Ayusman Sen, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USAAutonomous movement of nano-objects and fluid through catalysis August 12, 2005Dilip Debnath, Department of Physiology & Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Florida,Gainesville, USAMechanism of Cholesterol transport in steroidogenesis: role of steroidogenic acute regulatory(StAR) protein, October 26, 2006

260 Biennial Report 2005-07Gautam Basu, Bose Institute, Kolkata, IndiaAmino acids critical for differential binding affinity of colchicines for tubulin across eukaryotes,December 18, 2006Pinaki Talukdar, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandLigand-gated synthetic ion channels with rigid-rod pi-stack architecture, September 20, 2005Palok Aich, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatchewan, CanadaOmics approaches to infection and disease, January 20, 2006Sanjukta Aich, Dr Louis TJ Delbaere’s X-ray Crystallography Group, Saskatchewan, CanadaSubstrate free structure of a monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase: an open conformation; photogeneticrelationship of isocitrate dehydrogenase, January 20, 20066.9 MiscellanySusanta LahiriVisiting Scientist, Technische Universitat Munchen (TUM), under DST-DAAD Project (September-October 2005)Member of the International Board of Biomonitoring (IBB), 2006Organised the International Conference on Application of Radiotracers in Chemical, Environmentaland Biological Sciences (ARCEBS 06), held at and organized by Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,during January 23-27, 2006.

Biophysical Sciences 261Prof Bikash Sinha presenting memento to Dr W Burkart, Deputy Director General,IAEA in the of Inaugural function of ARCEBS06 Conference6.10 External CollaboratorsArulmozhi, T, Department of Neurology, GovernmentStanley Medical College and Hospital,Chennai, IndiaBandyopadhyay, Tapas, BARC, Kolkata, Mumbai,IndiaBanerjee, Anupam, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaBanerjee, Sujata, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaBansal, Manju, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,Karnataka, IndiaBasu, S, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan,West Bengal, IndiaBasu Chattopadhyay, Mitali, Dept of PharmaceuticalTechnolgy, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, IndiaBergmaier, Andreas, Technische UniversitatMunchen, Munchen, GermanyBhattacharya, RK, Environmental Carcinogenesisand Toxicology Department, ChittaranjanNational Cancer Institute, Kolkata, IndiaBichler, Max, Atominstitut der sterreichischenUniversitten, Wien, AustriiaBisinger, T, Forschungszentrum Juelich ,Juelich, GermanyBrüchle, W, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermannyBuda, R, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyBurger, S, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyChakrabortty, D, Sikkim Manipal University,New Delhi, IndiaChakrabarti, Jaydeb, SN Bose National Centerfor Basic Science, Kolkata, IndiaChakrabarty, Manas, Bose Institute, Kolkata,IndiaChakraborty, Nabanita, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaChakraborty, Sutapa, Environmental Carcinogenesisand Toxicology Department, ChittaranjanNational Cancer Institute, Kolkata, IndiaChakrabarty, Tridib, Dept of PharmaceuticalTechnolgy, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaChatterjee, Malay, Dept of PharmaceuticalTechnolgy, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaChoudhury, Ananyo, Department of Biophysics,

262 Biennial Report 2005-07Molecular Biology and Genetics, Calcutta University,Kolkata , IndiaChoudhuri, SK, CNCI, Kolkata, WB, IndiaChaudhuri, Sudip, Gandhi Centenary BT College,Habra, West Bengal, India Choudhury,Utpal, Institute of Haematology and TransfusionMedicine, Calcutta Medical College,Kolkata, IndiaCoenen, HH, Forschungszentrum Juelich ,Juelich, GermanyDas, Ayan, Kalyani University, Kalyani, WestBengal, IndiaDas, P, Department of Microbiology, NationalInstitute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases,Kolkata, IndiaDasgupta, Swagata, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal,IndiaDattasamanta, Titil, The University of Burdwan,Burdwan, West Bengal, IndiaDhanaraj, M, Department of Neurology, GovernmentStanley Medical College and Hospital,Chennai, IndiaMV Dingankar, BARC, Mumbai, IndiaDressler, R, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen,SwitzerlandDullmann, Ch E, Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory, Berkeley, USADutta, Binita, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, IndiaDvorak, J, Technische Universitat Munchen,Munchen, GermanyEberhardt, K, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyEichler, B, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen,SwitzerlandEichler, Robert, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI),Villigen, SwitzerlandFolden III, CM, Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory, Berkeley, USAGaeggeler, HW, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI),Villigen, SwitzerlandGhosh, Kingshuk, Kalyani University, Kalyani,West Bengal, IndiaGhosh, Nandita, Bose Institute, Kolkata, IndiaGhosh, Sanjib, Presidency College, Kolkata, IndiaGregorich, KE, Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory, Berkeley, USAHaridas, G, RRCAT, Indore, MP, IndiaHati, Amiya K, School of Tropical Medicine,Kolkata, IndiaHaenssler, F, Universitat Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandHilgers, K, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich,GermanyHoffman, DC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, USAHummrich, H, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyJger,, E, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermannyKabir, Mukul, SN Bose National Center for BasicScience, Kolkata, IndiaKannai, Suresh, Dept of Pharmaceutical Technolgy,Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaKnie, Klaus, Technische Universitat Munchen,Munchen, GermanyKoriprlla, Siv Chand, International Instituteof Information Technology, Hyderabad, AndhraPrades, IndiaKorschinek, Gunther, Technische UniversitatMunchen, Munchen, GermanyKratz, JV, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyKuczewski, B, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyKumar, Vijay, RRCAT, Indore, MP, IndiaKumar, Vinod, Physics Dept, Rajasthan Univ,Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaKumar, CB Mahendra, Dept of PharmaceuticalTechnolgy, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaKundu, Tapas K, Molecular Biology & GeneticsUnit, JNCASR, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaKutschera, Walter, Universitt Wien, Wien, AustriiaLahiri, Ansuman, Department of Biophysics,Molecular Biology and Genetics, Calcutta University,Kolkata, IndiaLaskar, Subrata, The University of Burdwan,Burdwan, West Bengal, IndiaLiebe, D, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyMaiti, Moumita, Physics Dept, Visva Bharati,Santiniketan, WB, IndiaMaiti, Moumita, Technische UniversitatMunchen, Munchen, GermanyMaity, Shyam Sundar, Presidency College,Kolkata, India

Biophysical Sciences 263Maji, Samir, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan,West Bengal, IndiaA, Mazumder, Department of Microbiology, NationalInstitute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases,Kolkata, IndiaMitra, Abhijit, International Institute of InformationTechnology, Hyderabad, AndhraPradesh, IndiaNag, Manaswita, The University of Burdwan,Burdwan, West Bengal, IndiaNayak, MK, RRCAT, Indore, MP, IndiaNitsche, H, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, USAPal, Ruma, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaPalit, RJ, TIFR, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaPiguet, D, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen,SwitzerlandQaim, SM, Forschungszentrum Juelich , Juelich,GermanyRajendran, Vijay Babu, International Instituteof Information Technology, Hyderabad, AndhraPrades, IndiaRamaswami, A, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaRay, Prabhat Kr, University of Calcutta,Kolkata, IndiaRay, SN, Physics Dept, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan,WB, IndiaRay, Sibdas, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaRengaraj, R, Department of Neurology, GovernmentStanley Medical College and Hospital,chennai,IndiaRieth, U, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyRoy, Madhumita, Environmental Carcinogenesisand Toxicology Department, Chittaranjan NationalCancer Institute, Kolkata, IndiaRoy, Rajarshi, Dept of Pharmaceutical Technolgy,Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaRoy, Syamal, IICB, Kolkata, WB, IndiaRoy, Sudakshina, Pune University , Pune, Maharashtra,IndiaRugel, Georg, Technische Universitat Munchen,Munchen, GermanySaha, AK, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IndiaSahani, PK, RRCAT, Indore, MP, IndiaSamanta, Shaonly, Dept of PharmaceuticalTechnolgy, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaSamanta, Sudipta, SN Bose National Center forBasic Science, Kolkata, IndiaSarkar, PK, BARC, Kolkata, WB, IndiaSaubhag, AA, BARC/TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaSaxena, Alok, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra,IndiaSchädel, M Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermannySchausten, B, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermanySchimpf, E, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermanySemchenkov, A, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermanySen, Souvik, Sadar Hospital, Berhampore, WestBengal, IndiaSharma, PS, BARC, Mumbai, IndiaSinha, Bhabadyuti, International Institute ofInformation Technology, Hyderabad, AndhraPradesh, IndiaSinha, Pratima, Bose Institute, Kolkata, IndiaSoverna, S, Universitat Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandSteier, Peter, Universitt Wien, Wien, AustriiaSudowe, R, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, USASunil, C, BARC, Mumbai, IndiaThakkar, KK, RRCAT, Indore, MP, IndiaThorle, P, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyTrautmann, N, Universitt Mainz, Mainz, GermannyTurler, A, Technische Universitat Munchen,Munchen, GermanyVockenhuber, Christof, TRIUMF, Vancouver,CanadaWallner, Anton, Universitt Wien, Wien, AustriiaWierczinski, Birgit, Technische UniversitatMunchen, Munchen, GermanyWirth, G, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, GermanyYakushev, AB, Technische Universitat Munchen,Munchen, GermanyZhi, Qin, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,P R ChinaZweidorf, A Von, Gesellschaft fur SchwerionenforschungmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany

264 Biennial Report 2005-07

7 TeachingThe teaching programme of the Institute continued as usual with the participation fromfaculty members of all divisions/sections. The Post-M Sc Associateship Course that allfresh Junior Research Fellows need to complete successfully, is now in its fifty-secondyear for the Physics stream, and twenty-eighth year for the Biophysical Sciences stream.The Undergraduate Associateship Programme, initiated in 2002 successfully continuedfor the third year. Besides these, the Institute also accepts short-term students forthe Summer Projects. Both the Undergraduate Associateship Programme and SummerProjects are coordinated by CARE.7.1 The Post-M Sc Associateship Course7.1.1 Physics7.1.1.1 52nd Session (2004-2005)Second TermAdvanced Courses (Teachers)Quantum Field Theory (Parthasarathi Majumdar)Microelectronics (Swapan Sen, Sandip Sarkar, Abhijit Sanyal)Nuclear Physics (Anjali Mukherjee, Chinmay Basu, C Samanta, U Datta Pramanik, K Kar, DBandopadhyay, CC Dey, P Basu, P Banerjee)Condensed Matter Physics ( Chandan Majumdar, Sachindra Nath Karmakar, Atindra Nath Das,Bikas Kanti Chakrabarti)Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy (Dipan Bhattacharya, Manoranjan Sarkar, AI Jaman, SamitaBasu)Gravitation ( Amit Ghosh)Particle Physics (Palash Baran Pal)Quantum Mechanics(Asit De)Advanced Experiments under TeachersChandan Mazumdar (ECMP), Manabendra Mukherjee (SPD), Bichitra Ganguly (ANP), IndranilDas (ECMP), Indranil Das (ECMP), CD Mukherjee & KK Bardhan (ECMP), Satyajit Saha (ANP),SN Das & A Poddar (ECMP), AI Jaman (ECMP), B Ghosh (ECMP), Satyaranjan Bhattacharya& Tapas Kr. Chini (SPD)265

266 Biennial Report 2005-07Third Term (Review): [Student, Review Title (Supervisor)]Aritra Dasgupta, Weak Interaction Rates for Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis (Kamales Kar)Rajit Pal Chaudhury, Electrical Transport in Carbon Nanotubes (Chandidas Mukherjee)Mousumi Adhikary, Hardness Study of Thin Solid Films by Nanoidentation Technique (DebabrataGhosh)Nilanjan Bondyopadhaya, Exact Solution of One Dimensional Heisenberg Spin chain through Coordinateand Algebric Bethe Ansatz (Bireswar Basu Mallick)Suman Mandal, Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Spintronic Materials (KrishnakumarMenon)Manashi Ghosh, Experimental Studies of One and Two Dimensional Quantum Spin Systems (KajalGhoshray)AKM Maidul Islam, Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Polymeric Systems (Purushottam Chakraborty)Mukhesh Kumar Pradhan, Influence of Breakup on Fusion (Anjali Mukherjee)Prasanta Kumar Jana, Jahn-Tellar Effect and Orbital Ordering Phenomena in Transition MetalOxides (Prabhat Mandal)Debasmita Kanjilal, Nuclear Spectroscopy of Transuranium Nuclei (Satyajit Saha)Mojammel Haque Mondal, Dynamical Behavior of Long Chain Polymeric Systems (ManabendraMukherjee)Deep Talukdar, 1/f Noise in Non-ohmic Regimes (Kamal Bardhan)Jayanta Kumar Bal, Morphology and Transport Properties of Low Dimensional Systems (SatyajitHazra)The following 13 students successfully completed the course:Mousumi Adhikary, Jayanta Kumar Bal, Nilanjan Bondyopadhaya, Aritra Dasgupta, ManasiGhosh, AKM Maidul Islam, Prasanta Kumar Jana, Debasmita Kanjilal, Suman Mandal, MojammelHaque Mondal, Rajit Pal Chaudhury, Mukesh Kumar Pradhan, Deep TalukdarNilanjan Bondyopadhaya received the Professor AP Patro Memorial Award7.1.1.2 53rd Session (2005-06)The following 12 students were admitted:Bhramar Chatterjee, Kausik Pal, Kirtiman Ghosh, Lusaka Bhattacharya, Moitri Maiti, ProsenjitSarkar, Satya Ranjan Haldar, Shiba Prasad Behera, Sovan Chakraborty, Srirupa Das Gupta,Subir Biswas, Tirtha Sankar RayFirst Term:Courses (Teachers)Mathematical Methods (Gautam Bhattacharya)Experimental Methods (Chandan Majumdar, Swapan Sen, Chinmay Basu)Statistical Mechanics (Nikhil Chakrabarti)Quantum Mechanics (Parthasarathi Mitra)

Teaching 267Electrodynamics (Partha Majumdar)Basic Experiments & Techniques (Bijay Bal, Rabindranath Pal, Abhijit Sanyal)Second Term:Advanced Courses (Teachers):Nuclear Physics (Chinmay Basu and Maitreyee SahaSarkar)Condensed Matter Physics (Krishnendu Sengupta)Plasma Physics (Nikhil Chakrabarti and MS Janaki)Microelectronics (Sandip Sarkar)Atomic & Molecular Physics (Dipan Bhattacharya and Samita Basu)Quantum Field Theory (Asit De)Particle & High Energy Physics (Palash Baran Pal)General Relativity & Gravitation (Amit Ghosh)High Energy Astrophysics & Astroparticle Physics (Pijuspani Bhattachacharya and Debades Bandopadhyay)C-Programming & Numerical Analysis (Supratik Mukhopadhyay)Advanced Experiments under TeachersRabindranath Pal (PPD)Satyaranjan Bhattacharyya (SP)Chandi Charan De (NAP)SN Das (ECMP)Bichitra Ganguly (NAP)Prabhat Mondal (ECMP)Satyajit Hazra (SP)AI Jaman (ECMP)Third Term (Review): [Student, Review Title (Supervisor)]Bhramar Chatterjee, The cosmological constant, dark matter & dark energy (Amit Ghosh)Prosenjit Sarkar, Quantum Phase Transition in Metallic Oxides: Some Experimental Evidences(Prabhat Mandal)Kirtiman Ghosh, Quantum Field Theory in Low Dimensions (Gautam Bhattacharya)Shiba Prasad Behera, Is there a phase transition? (Pradeep K. Mohanty)Moitri Maiti, Spin-Hall effect in condensed matter systems (Krishnendu Sengupta)Kausik Pal, Quantum fields at finite temperature/density (Abhee K Dutta Mazumder)Satya Ranjan Haldar, Physics and applications of I-D semiconductor structures (Satyaban Bhunia)Lusaka Bhattacharya, Passage of jets through hot and dense QCD plasma, (Pradip K. Roy)Srirupa Das Gupta, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) as possible sources of Ultrahigh Energy CosmicRays and Neutrinos (Pijushpani Bhattacharjee)Subir Biswas, Magnetic Reconnection Experiments in Linear Machines (Rabindranath Pal)Tirtha Sankar Ray, Some Aspects of the Standard Model (Gautam Bhattacharyya)Sovan Chakraborty, Neutrino from supernovae (Kamales Kar)The following 11 students successfully completed the course:

268 Biennial Report 2005-07Bhramar Chatterjee, Kausik Pal, Kirtiman Ghosh, Moitri Maiti, Prosenjit Sarkar, Satya RanjanHaldar, Shiba Prasad Behera, Sovan Chakraborty, Srirupa Das Gupta, Subir Biswas, TirthaSankar RayKirtiman Ghosh received the Professor AP Patro Memorial Award54th Session (2006-07)The following 15 students were admitted:Abhisakh Sarma, Bishnudas Ghosh, Debashis Samanta, Nupur Biswas, Paramita Chatterjee, SafiulAlam Mollick, Sanjoy Kr Mahatha, Shreyoshe Mondal, Soumini Choudhury, Srijit Bhattacharjee,Rana Nandi, Dilip Kr Bhoi, Sudip Kr Nath, Debabrata Deb, Priti Bhajn ByaktiFirst Term:Courses (Teachers)Mathematical Methods (Gautam Bhattacharya)Quantum Mechanics (A Harindranath)Experimental Methods (Chandan Majumdar, Sandip Sarkar, Chinmay Basu, Kajal GhoshRay, Ashimananda Goswami)Statistical Mechanics ( Pradeep K Mohanty)Electrodynamics (Munshi Golam Mustafa)Basic Experiments & Techniques (Bijay Bal, Abhijit Sanyal)7.1.2 Biophysical Sciences7.1.2.1 Session 2005-06Students enrolled in this session are:Pallab Bhowmik, Shibojyoti Lahiri, Anup Kumar Maity, Parijat Majumder, Amit KumarRoy, Mithu Saha, Anupama Sardar, Mithun SinhaCourses (Teachers):Macromolecular Structure (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee, Avijit Chakrabarti)Protein Crystallography and Structural Biology (Jiban K. Dattagupta, Chandana.Chakrabarti, Udayaditya Sen, Sampa Biswas)Chemical Biology (Dipak Dasgupta)Molecular Biology (Nitai P Bhattacharya)Experimental Techniques in Molecular Biology (Partha Saha)Cellular Communication (Sanghamitra Raha)

Teaching 269Genomics (Nitai P Bhattacharya)Recombinant Protein Technology (Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Biophysical Chemistry & Methods (Soumen Basak)Spectroscopy (Pradeep K. Sengupta, Samita Basu, Munna Sarkar)Basic Mathematics (Soumen Basak, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee)Polymers (Amitabha De)Radio, Radiation & Analytical Chemistry (Daliya Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Parikshit C. Mandal)Radiation Safety & Biological Effects (Maitreyee Nandy, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Immune System and Human Diseases (Subrata Banerjee)Cell Biology (Partha Saha)Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Sanghamitra Raha)Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry (Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Genetic Basis of Diseases (Nitai P Bhattacharya, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Microbiology (Arun. Pal)Ultrastructural Biology (Radha Bhattacharya)Microscopy (Pulak Roy, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Elementary Quantum Mechanics (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Samita Basu)Bioinformatics (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee)Computer Programming & Computer based analyses (Pulak Roy, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya,Rahul Banerjee)Laboratory ExperimentsReview [Student:Review Titles (Supervisors)]:Swagata Banerjee: Interactions of plant flavonoids with different biological targets (PradeepK. Sengupta)Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi: Regulation of apoptotic signal transduction pathways by heatshock proteins (Sanghamitra Raha)Kaushik Basu: Application of the new conducting polymer PEDOT and its nanocomposites(Amitabha De)Dipankar Bhandari: Messenger RNA Turnover - its importance in differential gene expressionin Trypanosomes (Partha Saha)Debarati Dey: Metal-ligand complexes as intercalating DNA probes (Samita Basu)Parthasarathi Guin: Elemental speciation and its importance with particular reference toPb,Tl and Hg (Susanta Lahiri)Sumankalyan Pradhan: Chromatin - remodeling and modification (Dipak Dasgupta)Sutapa Saha: ANKYRINS: Multifunctional proteins in Eukaryotes (Abhijit Chakrabarti)Aditi Sengupta: Pro-apoptotic potential of COX inhibitors (Munna Sarkar)The following students successfully completed the Course:Swagata Banerjee, Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi, Kaushik Basu, Dipankar Bhandari, DebaratiDey, Parthasarathi Guin, Sumankalyan Pradhan, Sutapa Saha, Adity Sengupta

270 Biennial Report 2005-077.1.2.2 Session 2006-07Students enrolled in this session are:Brotati Chakraborty, Moumita Datta, Jayeeta Ghose, Sukanya Halder, Sudip Majumder,Sutapa Mondal, Sanchita Mukherjee, Biswa Pathik Pahari, Swati Panigrahi, Kamalika RoyChoudhuryCourses (Teachers):Macromolecular Structure (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee, Avijit Chakrabarti)Protein Crystallography and Structural Biology (Jiban K. Dattagupta, Chandana.Chakrabarti, Udayaditya Sen, Sampa Biswas)Chemical Biology (Dipak Dasgupta)Biophysical Chemistry (Soumen Basak)Molecular Biology (Nitai P Bhattacharya)Methods in Molecular Biology (Partha Saha, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Cell Biology & Cellular Communication (Sanghamitra Raha, Partha Saha)Microbiology & Immunology (Arun Pal , Subrata Banerjee)Spectroscopy (Pradeep K. Sengupta, Samita Basu, Munna Sarkar)Biophysical / Biochemical Methods (Avijit Chakrabarti, Munna Sarkar, Pulak Roy DebashisMukhopadhyay)Basic Mathematics (Soumen Basak, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee)Polymers (Amitabha De)Radio, Radiation & Analytical Chemistry (Daliya Nayak, Susanta Lahiri, Parikshit C Mandal)Radiation Safety & Biological Effects (Maitreyee Nandy, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Sanghamitra Raha)Genetic Basis of Diseases (Nitai P Bhattacharya, Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Ultrastructural Biology & Microbiology (Arun. Pal, Radha Bhattacharya)Microscopy (Pulak Roy)Elementary Quantum Mechanics (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Samita Basu)Bioinformatics (Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Rahul Banerjee)Computer Programming & Computer based analyses (Pulak Roy, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya,Rahul Banerjee)Laboratory ExperimentsReview [Student:Review Titles (Supervisors)]:Pallab Bhowmik: Trefoil fold protein: patterns of structure and sequence (Udayaditya Sen)Shibojyoti Lahiri: Functional consequences of intrinsic disorder in protein structure (SoumenBasak)Anup Kumar Maity: Regulation of Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation (Partha Saha)

Teaching 271Parijat Majumder: Chromatin as target for anticancer drugs: molecular and structural aspects(Dipak Dasgupta)Amit Kumar Roy: Thermostability in enzymes of industrial importance (Sampa Biswas)Mithu Saha Raychaudhuri: AICD and its interaction with adaptor proteins - Network is allthat matters! (Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Anupama Sardar: Caspase 3 independent apoptosis: why, when & how? (SanghamitraRaha)Mithun Sinha: MicroRNAs and their possible role in cancer (Nitai P Bhattacharya)The following students successfully completed the Course:Pallab Bhowmik, Shibojyoti Lahiri, Anup Kumar Maity, Parijat Majumder, Amit KumarRoy, Mithu Saha, Anupama Sardar, Mithun Sinha7.2 Undergraduate Associateship Course2007PhysicsAnish Mallick, Atreyee Sinha, Debayan Mitra, Aniket Patra, Arnab Dhabal, Sayan Choudhury,Abhisek Choudhury, Siddharth Satpathy, Aveek ChandraBiophysical SciencesSubhabrata Majumdar, Alisha Chakrabarti, Ujani Chakrabarty2006PhysicsChallenger Mishra, Sambit Bikas Pal, Moupiya Maji, Ranabir Bhaumik, Pratik Tarafdar,Anurag Mishra, Ranjan Shenoy, Abhay Shankar C S, Mathew Syriac MBiophysical SciencesMohini Lahiry, Hemant Sahni2005PhysicsAnshuman, Balachandra Suri, Shouvik Chatterjee, Kartik K Prabhu, Abhas Saroha, N. TejaswiVenumadhav, Anirbit Mukherjee, Ankit Bist, Keshav Choudhary, Vaibhav Niku, DebarghyaBanerjee, Debashis De Munshi, Semonti Bhattacharyya, Sandipan Maiti, SutirthaSenguptaBiophysical SciencesMalini Pramanik

272 Biennial Report 2005-077.3 Summer Students’ ProgrammeSession : 2005 - 2006Arka Narayan Roy (IIT, Kharagpur)Solution growth of high quality large size single crystals of KSCN (Barnana Pal)Aminoor Rahaman (IIT, Bombay)Pseudogap phenomena in Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ superconductors (Chandan Mazumdar andAshok Poddar)Anupam Kundu (IIT, Kanpur)Introduction to transverse Ising model and simulation of 2D Ising system (Bikas Chakrabarti)Bitan Roy (IIT, Bombay)Early Universe and gravitational collapse (Palash Baran Pal)Indranil Gupta (Calcutta University)Construction of an episomal vector containing the entire human beta globin locus for cellbased therapy (Subrata Banerjee)Krishanu Shome (IIT, Bombay)Some aspects of film nucleation and growth by pulsed laser deposition technique (KamalKumar Bardhan)Saumyakanti Khatua (IIT, Bombay)Some photophysical studies with diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (Samita Basu)Srimanta Middey (IIT, Kanpur)Introduction to transverse Ising model and simulation of 2D Ising system (Bikas Chakrabarti)Raju Roychowdhury (IIT, Kanpur)(Parthasarathi Majumdar)Session: 2006-2007Sarathlal KV (CUSAT, Kerala)Preparation and characterisation of ZnO nano structures on Au thin film (Kamal KumarBardhan and Kuntal Chakrabarti)Arya AS (VIT, Vellore)Development of an active device for superheated emulsion detector (Satyajit Saha and MalaDas)Hema Pallavi TV (VIT, Vellore)The study of HLA-class I expression in two gastric cancer cell lines (Subrata Banerjee)Sugato Ray (IIT, Bombay)Some analytical and simulation studies of ferromagnetic Ising model (Bikas Chakrabarti)Rajendra Prasad (IIT, Delhi)Identification of reaction channels of 20 Ne on 58 Ni through gamma ray spectroscopy (UshasiDatta Pramanik )Sanchari Pradhan (WBUT, Kolkata)BRENDA and MEROPS databases: uses and applications (Sampa Biswas)Atul Varshney (IIT, Delhi)Surface plasmon resonance in thin diamond like carbon (DLC) materials (Nihar Ranjan Ray)Parama Dey (Calcutta University)

Teaching 273Effect of glycation and denaturing conditions on the structure of proteins (Soumen Basak)Silpi Banerjee (Bharathiar University, Coimbatore)Role of RN736 in Apoptosis (Debashis Mukhopadhyay)Sumit Chakraborty (IIT, Kanpur)Spectroscopic study of Lysozyme-Menadione interaction (Samita Basu)Ravindra Laxman Shinde (University of Pune)On the transport properties of HIgh T c superconductors (Prabhat Mandal)Poulami Samai (IIT, Kanpur)Aggregation study of two anticancer drugs: Mithramycin and Daunomycin (Dipak Dasgupta)Moitri Basu (Calcutta University)Mechanism of transcription regulation of caspase-1 by HIPPI, a molecular interactor of Huntingtoninteracting protein HIP-1 (Nitai P Bhattacharya)P Praveen Kumar (S V College, Osmania University, Hyderabad)Deposition of aluminium by electron bombardment and morphology study by atomic forcemicroscope (Srinanda Kundu)Abhijnan Chattopadhyay (Calcutta University)Structural studies of hemoglobin as a function of pH, temperature and glycation (SoumenBasak)7.4 Centre for Advanced Research & Education (CARE)The CARE has been organising a number of programs for motivated and talented studentsof physics and the biophysical sciences. Some of the major activities of CARE are:The Undergraduate Associateship Program in Physics and Biophysics has been running successfullywith about 60 student associates trained till date, coming from IITs and other 10-12colleges from all over India; the summer student program with about 20-30 students; ScienceDay celebration through Seminars and Open House for undergraduate students on February28, 2006 & 2007; Arrange visits of high school & college students to the science gallery, SINPlabs and arranges lectures at a semi-popular level; visits of KVPY and JBNSTS scholars toSINP.CARE arranged seminars in different undergraduate colleges of West Bengal during 2005,the international year of Physics; Offered advanced level courses on Astroparticle Physics,General Relativity, Complex Analysis, Proteins & Proteomics and Immunology; OrganizedProf Amal Raychaudhuri Memorial School on General Relativity both in October, 2005 &2006; School on Genomics and Proteomics for the Clinicians has been a great success inFebruary 2007; Acts as the nodal center of SINP for the Homi Bhabha National Institute.CARE also organised the Colloquium lectures, about 25 per year and the Foundation daylecture, Discussion Meetings, Workshops and Schools on different disciplines of Physics,Biology and issues on social and historical aspects of Science; the centre has set-up lab-cumclassroomfor the undergraduate associates and summer students; lab presently has goodcomputational facilities and three spectroscopy set-ups on electronic absorption, emissionand laser based experiments. For biophysical studies, chromatography set-up, refrigerated

274 Biennial Report 2005-07centrifuge, pH meter, balance and PCR machines have been installed in the lab.Clinicians discussing and planning for experiments in the CARE Laboratory

8 Facilities8.1 Electronics Workshop FacilityWorks on Human Resource DevelopmentSenior engineering (Electronics, Electrical and Instrumentation) students often request the Director-SINP for vocational training and a large number of students have been trained since the inceptionof EWF. Several students from different engineering colleges have been trained during 2005-2007,and some of them have completed small design works including fabrication and testing of the units.The staff members of EWFWorks done for the Muon Arm Project [MAP]The details of developmental, fabrication and installation works related to MAP are indicatedelsewhere in the Annual Report, and the following are some major works done mainly by the staffof EWF:•Development of Exit board PCBs including layout design using Protel DXP CAD, supervisionduring fabrication at a factory in Hyderabad, testing and validation of assembled PCBs and correctionof all faults caused during fabrication, assembling and transportation to CERN, Geneva.•Fabrication of 2.5 Volts & 3.3 Volts PSU for testing and validating exit boards with pre-productionMANU-cards fixed on them.•Fabrication of preamplifier and associated circuits planned to be used in wire tension monitor.•Fabrication of PCBs used as Dummy Bridge boards for internal connection of fragmented exitboards.•Fabrication and assembling of components in Low Voltage Boxes for connecting power cables tothe muon detectors, and other several associated jobs related to fabrication of muon detectors.•Fabrication and assembling of Low Voltage BUS [LVBUS] bars for ten numbers of muon detectors.•Developing data base for sorting of the test report of 2500 numbers MANU cards, and sorting ofreceived MANU cards according to the gain spread.•Assisting the MAP-team during validation and installation of detectors in Station 2 of ALICE[CERN, Geneva].The staff member of EWF and some member of the MAP-team275

276 Biennial Report 2005-07Works done for the CERN-ALICE ProjectOn request and invitation from CERN ALICE Technical Coordinator two members of EWF andone member of MAP visited CERN, Geneva. These members worked for three months in the framework of ALICE Collaboration, busy in assembling detectors for experiment with Large HadronCollidor. They were important members of a team in the work of laying out of approximately500 kms of different types of cables and more than 10,000 different types of connectors. They alsodetected and labeled a large number of cables already laid, before connectorisation. They workedinside the experimental cavern [inside or outside the detector systems], sometimes at difficult toaccess places.Shampa Das, Dwijendra Das and Debashis BandyopadhyayMaintenance of Gas mixing panel for INO projectThe maintenance of Electronically Controlled Gas Mixing System, developed in 2004 for use withResistive Plate Chambers, planned to be used in the INO project, entails regular calibration of theelectronic controls for precise mixing of four different gases as well as precise control of the flow ofthe mixed gas. After satisfactory use for several months the Mass Flow Controller [MFC] used forthe Isobutane gas started malfunctioning. The MFC has been found to be defective during servicingand recalibration, and the procurement of the unit for replacement is under process. Since thedynamic control of mixing and flow of gases is not possible because of the faulty MFC, the mixingunit has to be used in the static premix mode. The pressure transducer embedded in the storagetank, used to control the percentage of the constituent gases during storing gases in the premixmode, has been replaced and recalibrated twice. But presently a dial gauge is being used due tofaulty operation of the indigenously available pressure transducers.Dwijendra Das, Suvendu BoseSome of the important repair and maintenance works completed are related to:•Un-interruptible Power Supplies for C&MB Division and MAP•Peristaltic Pump for C&MB Division•Rotary shaker [RS-12R] and Master Rocker of C&MB division•Ultrasonic Source [Transonic T470/H] for CS division•Pre-amplifier, HV power supply and NIM Bin power supply for NAP DivisionThe staff members of EWFUse of CNC Drilling cum Milling MachineThe use of CNC drilling-cum-milling machine necessitates conversion of supplied drawing filesto files suitable for the CAM software being used in the CNC machine. In most of the cases, the

Facilities 277drawing files have been developed at EWF. The machine has also been used for cutting and shapingof Fiber Reinforced Plastic [FRP] sheets of different shapes as required by different users. Theusers include the members of our Institute as well as the members of other Institutes like CalcuttaUniversity, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences etc. The CNC machine has been extensivelyused for: Processing a large number of PCBs (both single and double sided having thicknessvarying from 0.4mm to 3.2 mm) as per the requirements of different users, and special method offixing solder filled eyelets has been used for requirements of Plated Through Holes (PTH) in doublesided boards, Shaping of copper clad glass-epoxy boards into Hexagon for making PSD Detectorsof NAP Division.Debashis Bandyopadhyay8.2 ComputerThe Computer Section is responsible for providing the general computing and networking environmentof the whole Institute. In particular, it decides and implements policies on networking,network security, Internet access, e-mailing solutions, web services etc. It also provides some generalpurpose computing and common user terminal, printer and scanner facilities.Based on extensive research for the past few years, the current year saw the Computer Section setout to implement a new policy on the structure of the Local Area Network (LAN) and mail- andweb-servers in place at the Institute. It was determined that the existing structure of departmentalmail-servers with public IP numbers within a flat LAN had to be abandoned in favour of a newwidely accepted structure of a divided network where a no-access Militarised Zone (MZ) contains thewhole network except a centralized server-farm in the De-Militarised Zone (DMZ) to be protectedby a Firewall (FW). It was decided that seven servers in a fail-safe cluster configuration (also knownas high-availability cluster as opposed to high-performance cluster configuration) would be installedto implement the FW and the server-farm.Accordingly, the servers (Xeon processor based) alongwith a Storage Area Network (SAN) forcollective redundant storage were ordered. The operating system was decided to be Red HatEnterprise Linux (RHEL). All the necessary hardware and software arrived in time and some timelater in the year, after the initial hardware installation, software installation started. The ComputerSection engineers and the RHEL engineers had to work together to determine and build several userinterfaces for e-mails, account management, web-page management, user-authentication, securitypolicies etc. Efforts were also on to implement protection from spam, virus and worm.After the initial installation, the servers were opened for use by a group of users on a trial basis.User opinions were sought and recorded and work continued to address all issues. Once all issuesare settled, the facility would be open for all users from early next financial year and accordinglyall departmental servers would stop functioning.As with other years, redundant large bandwidths were provided for all users for Internet access.Along with the current work on the server farm and the new security policy, work also beganon planning the extension of the current LAN to include the new Phase III building and theupgradation of the current LAN in Phase I and II buildings.The Computer Section provided facilities for all conferences and workshops held in the Institute.Also all visitors, summer students and undergraduate associates used the facilities.

278 Biennial Report 2005-07AwardGautam GaraiCERTIFICATE OF SPECIAL MENTION was awarded for the paper entitled ”Genetically guidedgrid clustering with tabu search method” presented in the International Conference on EmergingApplications of Information Technology (EAIT 2006) held in Kolkata, India during February 10-11,2006.PublicationsG Garai and BB Chaudhuri, A distributed hierarchical genetic algorithm for efficient optimizationand pattern matching, Pattern Recognition 40 (2007) 212G Garai, BB Chaudhuri and R Dattagupta, Genetically guided grid clustering with tabu searchmethod”, Proc. of International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology(EAIT 2006), Kolkata, India, February 10-11, (2006) p321BB Chaudhuri, G Garai and R Dattagupta, A novel hybrid algorithm for grid clustering and classification,Proc of 3rd Workshop on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (WCVGIP-2006), Hyderabad, India, January 12-13, 2006, p1638.3 Radiological SafetyAs per the rules of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Government of India, the following radiationprotection and safety surveillence is carried out:•Centralised documentation of personal dose records of radiation workers of the Institute•Renewal and issuance of TLD and CR39 personnel monitoring badges•Radiation protection survey and monitoring of radiation exposure levels•Maintenance of inventory and supervision of safe storage and handling of radioactive isotopesprocured•Disposal of solid and liquid radioactive wastes according to suggestion and advice of Health PhysicsUnit, VECC, Calcutta•Maintenance of the Environmental TLD monitor as supplied by the Environmental AssessmentDivision, BARC, Mumbai, through HPU, VECC, Calcutta•Radiation safety estimation is being done for the proposed 3 MV Tandetron for FRENA8.4 LibraryThe Library of SINP is one of the major information resource centres in the eastern part of Indiain various fields of Physics and Biophysical sciences. The Library is privileged to support the institute’smarch towards its vision- to be the pioneer research institute of India. The Library notonly acquires, organizes and disseminates knowledge and has put its foot ahead towards policiesand procedures, systems and services and has created a suitable atmosphere which facilitates assimilationand generation of new knowledge.

Facilities 279Collection of Books:The Library has excellent collection of books, national and international periodicals, reports andnon-book materials in the areas of General and Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics, PlasmaPhysics, Surface Physics, Nuclear Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Biophysical Sciences etc.which are its greatest assets. It maintains a separate collection of Reference books, Text Books,Standard, Reports, Pamphlets, Bound volumes of journals, CD-ROMs etc. It spent Rs. 571193.25and for books and Rs. 1,70,86,659.00 for journals for the year 2005-2006 & Rs. 756071.00 booksand Rs. 1,97,38,832.00 for acquisition to update its collection with new sources of knowledge. Thetotal collection of the Library as on 31st March 2007 stands as follows:Total Collection(as on 31st March 2007)Books 32317Journals (Bound Volumes) 45661Reports/ Phamhlets 21174CD-Roms 632Books PurchasedYear No of Books Purchased2005-06 2662006-07 295Journals subscribedYear Print/Online Foreign/Indian No2005-06 Print Foreign 1382005-06 Print India 582006-07 Online Foreign 2800Journals & Newsletter received as gift & Magazine subscribedYear Document Type Subscribed/Gift2005-07 Journals/Newsletter 1602005-07 Magazine 9Resource sharingDocuments Dispatched 309Documents Borrowed 150Circulation (April 2005 - March 2007)Books/Journals Issued NoBooks issued 4565Books reissued 1813Bound volume issued 167Bound volume Re-issued 42CD-Rom issued 209

280 Biennial Report 2005-07Membership (1st April 2005 - 31st March 2007)Category of Membership NoScientists 243Research Scholars 198Project Staff 01Scientific, Technical and Administrative Staff 272Visiting Scientist 14Emeritus Scientist 03Other institute members 449INFRASTRUCTURE:The Library has two servers, 18 PCs and adequate computing infrastructure to cater to theneeds of the Library. All PCs and servers are connected to the campus-wide network. The Libraryhas computerized all its operations using LIBSYS 5.0 under LINUX platform and OPAC(Perl cgi based) using which library databases can be searched through Library Home Page(http://www.saha.ac.in/lib/www). With the installation of Internet web OPAC, access to theLibrary databases using any industry standard is possible. Eight PCs are exclusively earmarkedfor the users to access OPAC, CD-ROM, online databases and electronic journals.Hardware:The Library has purchased one duplex printer cum photocopier, one HP Design jet 1050C+ plotterprinter, three IBM PCs and one spiral binding machine. The newly installed check point and Infovision(Information Kiosk) are fully operational.Library Web Site: (http://www.saha.ac.in/lib/www)The Web site of the Library acts as a window providing information about all its services, productsand resources. It has been designed to provide links to the electronic databases and full-textjournals. The Web site is regularly updated, which now provides list of electronic full-text journals,request for book and serial purchase, request for article etc.E-Resources:The Library is one of the few libraries in the country to obtain for its users, web based access tobibliographic databases and full-text journals. Library users can now access over 2800 full-texttitles and other bibliographic databases on all 365 days.Library Services:•Library provides short range and long range reference services and assisted in locating informationof documents of their choice•Library users can request for renewal of their borrowed items through e-mail•sharing of resources with IAEA, Atomic Energy Canada, CERN, BARC, TIFR, IISC, IOP, PRL,IPR, Raman Research Institute, Indian Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Bose Institute,Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, CGCRI, IICB, JU, University of Calcutta, KalyaniUniversity, IICU and many other Institutes and universities for exchange of documents•provides photocopying facility to the faculty & research fellows of the Institute. External memberscan avail this facility against payment and about 20,000 photocopies have been provided to

Facilities 281Scientists and Research Fellows•provides a number of current awareness services to alert users.•display of newly arrived books and other materials:•displays newly purchased documents on a periodic basis8.5 Publication & DocumentationCollection of the documents for the MN Saha Archives is still in progress. Digitization of almostall the documents that we have received so far has been done. Processing of these documentsfor retrieval of information has been commenced. As a part of the users’ awareness programme,a poster session entitled “A tale of two giants: Prof M N Saha and Prof H N Russel” and wastaken up by the P&D Unit using its own resources in Science Day celebration 2007. An internalreport on “A tale of two giants” has been prepared. Loopholes of the first web submitted periodicProgress Report is almost sorted out for this Biennial Report. Effort is being made to make thenext Progress Report fool proof and user-friendly.8.6 Central WorkshopThere are five sections in the Workshop. These are Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) MachiningSection, Conventional Machining Section, Welding Section, Glass Blowing Section andDesign & Drafting Section. The CNC machining environment has been successfully commissionedin the Workshop and these programmable machine tools are regularly being used for precisionmachining. Apart from different laboratories of the Institute, this facility is also being utilized bythe research workers from VECC, Calcutta University, Science College, Viswa-Bharati and othereducational institutes. Among the different development and fabrication jobs completed during theperiod under review following are noteworthy. In the INDUS - II project at Raja Ramanna Centrefor Advanced Technology, Indore, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics has contributed one beam line.Different types of equipment positioning devices, connecting ports, flanges etc. have been designedand fabricated in the Workshop. These have already been fitted with the Turbo-pump system,Vertical Collimating Mirror System, Photon Shutter etc. in the said beam line. The magnetic coilsupport structure of the newly installed Magnetized Plasma Linear Experimental (MaPLE) devicein the Plasma Physics Division has been designed and fabricated in the Workshop. Its vacuum vesselsupport system has also been designed and fabricated here. In the ALICE project the Institutehas contributed the front absorber of the huge experimental set up installed in CERN, Geneva.The said front absorber is a gigantic composite structure of stainless steel and graphite. The earlierdesign of the metallic structure had been amended by the Workshop. In the earlier design therewere 12 copper frustums, which had been replaced with only four stainless steel ones and thisdesign amendment was approved by the Chief Design Engineer, ALICE project, CERN. The diameterof this nonmagnetic stainless steel disc was two meters, which was probably the largest singlepiece rolled stainless steel disc ever made in India. After a series of technical meetings with theengineers of Alloy Steel Plant (ASP), SAIL, Durgapur, these frustums were successfully fabricated.The fabrication of the huge graphite frustums was also very critical and uncommon job. Thesecomponents have been supplied to Geneva and have also been fitted perfectly without a singlerectification. Every year this workshop provides training for some trade apprentices in differenttechnical trades. These trainings are organized with the administrative assistance from RegionalDirectorate of Apprenticeship Training (RDAT), Eastern Region.

282 Biennial Report 2005-078.7 Medical Benefit SchemeThe Institute maintains a full-fledged Medical Unit with Two Part-time Attending Physicians,One Permanent Technician (Tech-E), Two Permanent Administrative staffs, and one Auxiliarystaff. Most of the REGULAR employees (469) and their DEPENDENTS (1126) as well as thePENSIONERS (178) and their SPOUSE (123) are covered under CMBS (Contributory MedicalBenefit Scheme) in return of a contribution of 1.2% of the basic pay. The total expenditure incurredby the Institute in the year 2005-2006 stands at Rs. 99,70,674.80 (SELF - Rs. 23,72,509.80, FAMILYRs. 52,72,438.00 & PENSIONERS Rs. 23,25,727.00) and the total expenditure incurred by theInstitute in the year 2006-2007 stands at Rs. 97,80,195.00 (SELF Rs. 24,00,817.00, FAMILYRs. 53,14,245.00 & PENSIONERS Rs. 20,65,133.00). There are twelve Tie-up Hospitals/NursingHomes and two Pathological & Radiological Laboratories in different places of Kolkata whichprovide indoor and outdoor facilities on direct payment system (by SINP) to the regular CMBSmembers and their dependents. Medical Advisory Committee appointed by the Director overseesthe entire activities like expenditures etc.

9 Institute Colloquia20 April, 2005Swapan K Saha, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, IndiaInterferometric imaging in optical astronomy17 June, 2005Naresh Dadhich, Director, IUCAA, Pune, IndiaHad Einstein been born in 184413 July, 2005Prof DP Roy, TIFR, MumbaiThe Basic Constituents of Matter - Visible and Invisible21 September, 2005Somendra M Bhattacharjee, SINP (on leave from IOP)Unzipping DNA: two ensembles in biology9 November, 2005Professor Bikash Sinha, Director, SINPAND That was no ordinary Light25 January, 2006Sankar Das Sarma, University of MarylandTidbits About Qubits: Spin Computation in Nanostructures15 February, 2006Prof R Sukumar, Indian Institute of Science, BangaloreElephants of northern Bengal: tracking rogues through satellite to mitigate conflict with people10 March, 2006Lecture-1R Shankar, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, ChennaiSource region of the 2004 tsunami: the northern extentLecture-2Purnachandra Rao, National Geophysical Research Institute, HyderabadA new model for the 2004 tsunami-genic earthquake in Sumatra15 March, 2006Harvey Segur, University of Colorado, USA283

284 Biennial Report 2005-07Waves in shallow water: theory and experiment20 March, 2006Philippe Chomaz, GANIL, FrancePhysics of Exotic Nuclei: Challenges in Theory and Experiment29 March, 2006Balachandran Sathiapalan, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, ChennaiIssues in String Theory30 March, 2006Sankar Adhya, National Institutes of Health, USAAssembly, Structure, and Single Molecule Dynamics of a Gene Regulatory DNA Loop5 April, 2006Stephan Fritzsche, University of Kassel, GermanyThe atomic double slit: Coherence transfer through atomic excitation and decay processes19 April, 2006Chandan Dasgupta, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaChaos in the Rheology of Complex Fluid28 April, 2006Manindra AgrawalPRIMES is in P23 May, 2006Diptiman Sen, Indian Institute of Science, BangaloreQuantum charge pumping31 May, 2006Bikash Sinha, Director, SINP, IndiaPhase Transitions - Big Bang and Mini Bangs21 June, 2006Asit K De, SINP, Kolkata, IndiaStrong Interactions at the Cray XD123 August, 2006R Koul, BARC, MumbaiVHE gamma-ray astronomy - a new window to the Universe23 November, 2006Jean Cleymans, Univesity of Cape TownRelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions and Grid Computing at the University of Cape Town5 January, 2007P Jena, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

Institute Colloquia 285Materials Issues in a New Hydrogen Economy31 January, 2007Prof N Kumar, RRI, Bangalore, IndiaEquipartition Of Supercurrents in parallel: a surprise7 February, 2007Gero Vogl, University of Vienna, AustriaJumps of single atoms, vibrations of mono-atomic layers: new possibilities with synchrotron radiationin materials science15 February, 2007Louis Pecora, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DCDynamics of oscillators in Semi-Random Networks1 March, 2007Dorothea Schumann, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, SwitzerlandAccelerator Waste - a new Challenge for the Radiochemist9 March, 2007Arijit Bose, University of Rhode Island, USANanostructure Evolution and Materials Synthesis in Mixed-surfactant Systems14 March, 2007Anjan Kumar Gupta, Physics Department, IIT Kanpur, IndiaSTM studies of electronically inhomogeneous surfaces

286 Biennial Report 2005-07

10 Saha Memorial Lecture42nd Saha Memorial Lecture, January 19, 2006Professor Claus RolfsFrontiers of Experimental Nuclear AstrophysicsProf Bikash Sinha presenting the ‘42nd Saha Memorial Lecture Award’ to ProfessorClaus Rolfs287

288 Biennial Report 2005-0743rd Saha Memorial Lecture, January 4, 2007Professor Sir Roger ElliottThe Story of MagnetismProf Bikash Sinha presenting the ‘43rd Saha Memorial Lecture Award’ to Professor SirRoger Elliott

11 Administration11.1 Governing CouncilChairman:Dr Anil KakodkarChairman, Atomic Energy Commission, andSecretary to the Government of India,Department of Atomic EnergyAnushakti BhawanCSM Marg, Mumbai 400 001Members:Dr CV Ananda BoseJoint Secretary (R & D)Government of IndiaDeartment of Atomic EnergyAnushakti BhawanCSM Marg, Mumbai 400 001Shri Rahul Asthana, IASJoint Secretary (Finance)Government of IndiaDeartment of Atomic EnergyAnushakti BhawanCSM Marg, Mumbai 400 001Prof PK KawDirectorInstitute of Plasma ResearchNear Indira Bridge, BhatGandhinagar 382 428AhmedabadProf S BhattacharyaDirectorTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchHomi Bhabha RoadMumbai 400 005Dr SS AgarwalFormer Director, ACTRECD-13, Vivekananda PuriLucknow 226 007Sri Asok Mohan ChakrabartiPrincipal Secretary,Science & Technology DepartmentandHigher Education DepartmentGovernment of West BengalBikash BhavanBidhannagarKolkata 700 091Prof Amitava RaychaudhuriDirectorHarish Chandra Research InstituteChhatnag RoadJhunsiAllahabad 211 019Prof Pradip Narayan GhoshProfessor of PhysicsUniversity College of Science,Technology & Agriculture92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra RoadKolkata 700 009Prof Bikash Sinha(Ex-officio member)DirectorSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics1/AF, Bidhan NagarBidhannagarKolkata 700 064Shri VV Mallikarjuna Rao(Ex-officio Secretary to the Governing Council)RegistrarSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics1/AF Bidhan NagarKolkata-700 064The Governing Council of the Institute met six times during the period under review as under:80th Meeting 07.04.200581st Meeting 18.08.200582nd Meeting 23.04.200683rd Meeting 09.06.200684th Meeting 28.09.200685th Meeting 13.12.2006289

290 Biennial Report 2005-0711.2 Internal Committees & Chairpersons [As on March 31, 2007]Faculty CommitteeProf Bikash Sinha (Chair)Prof JK DattaguptaProf Radhey ShyamProf R RanganathanProf MK SanyalProf Palash Baran PalProf NP BhattacharyaProf Sudeb BhattacharyaProf ANS IyengarProf Sudhakar YarlagaddaProf Susanta LahiriSri VV Mallikarjuna Rao (Member-Secretary)Fire Fighting CommitteeProf AI JamanHouse Allotment CommitteeProf Swapan K SenHouse Building Advance CommitteeProf Sudeb BhattacharyaHousing Welfare Committee of SINP HousingComples IProf R RanganathanBuilding Maintenance (Civil) CommitteeProf AI JamanBuilding Maintenance (Electrical) CommitteeProf R RanganathanCanteen CommitteeDr Suvendu BoseCommittee for Projects Related to ComputerProf Asit K DeCore CommitteeProf Bikash SinhaDirectors Advisory CommitteeProf Bikash SinhaCommittee for Disposal of Old EquipmentsSri VV Mallikarjuna RaoHousing Welfare Committee of SINP HousingComples IIProf Sukalyan ChattopadhyayJoint Cultural CommitteeSri Niranjan SarkarLibrary CommitteeProf MK SanyalMedical Advisory CommitteeProf ANS IyengarPublication & Documentation CommitteeProf ANS IyengarPromotion of Grade E to FProf Kamales KarPromotion CellProf Kamales KarDomestic Purchase CommitteeProf Sudeb Bhattacharya

Administration 291(Foreign) Purchase CommitteeProf Bikash SinhaTeaching Committee (Physics)Prof Mylavarapu Sita Janaki, ConvenorRadiation Safety CommitteeProf Sudeb BhattacharyaTelephone Advisory CommitteeProf Samita BasuStudent Couselling CommitteeProf Soumen BasakTransport CommitteeProf Amitava GhoshraySummer Students’ ProgrammeProf Satyajit Saha (In-Charge)Teaching Committee (Biophysical Sc)Prof Samita Basu (In-Charge)Committee for Processing InternationalTravelProf Bikash SinhaWorkshop CommitteeDr Suvendu Bose

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Administration 297

298 Biennial Report 2005-0711.3 Purchase SectionOrder Placed by Purchase Section with Value (Rs in Crores)Year Domestic Order Value Foreign Order Value Total Value2005-06 227 Rs. 26.50 1104 Rs. 6.23 Rs. 32.732006-07 124 Rs. 19.60 1123 Rs. 11.70 Rs. 31.30

Administration 29911.4 Members of the Institute [As on March 31, 2007]Prof Bikash Sinha : DirectorDIRECTOR’S OFFICE1. Smt Seema Bhattacharya : Administrative Officer- III2. Sri Subhasish Ghosal : UDC3. Sri Gautam Mandal : UDC4. Sri Ratan Lal Ram : Technician B5. Sri Babu Rajak : Helper AREGISTRAR’S OFFICE1. Sri V V Mallikarjuna Rao : Registrar2. Sri Amalesh Chandra Saha : Officer-In-Charge3. Sri Bimilesh Kr Tripathi : Jr Hindi Translator4. Sri Bibekbijay Bandyopadhyay : UDC5. Sri Rudal Prasad Ram : Technician C6. Sri Mahadev Das : Helper EAcademic Departments and DivisionsTHEORY GROUPProf Bikash Sinha : Director & HOG1. Prof Kamales Kar : Sr Professor ‘H’ & Head2. Prof Radhey Shyam : Sr Professor ‘H’3. Prof P S Majumdar : Sr Professor ‘H’4. Prof Anjan Kundu : Sr Professor ‘H’5. Prof Parthasarathi Mitra : Sr Professor ‘H’6. Prof Gautam Ghosh : Professor ‘G’7. Prof A Harindranath : Professor ‘G’8. Prof Palash B Pal : Professor ‘G’9. Prof Pijush Pani Bhattacharjee : Professor ‘G’10. Prof Gautam Bhattacharya : Professor ‘G’11. Prof T K Roy : Professor ‘F’12. Prof Asit Kr De : Professor ‘F’13. Prof Kumar Sankar Gupta : Professor ‘F’14. Prof Shibaji Roy : Professor ‘F’15. Prof Gautam Bhattacharyya : Professor ‘F’16. Dr Debades Bandyopadhyay : Professor ‘F’17. Dr Munshi Golam Mustafa : Professor ‘F’18. Dr D Mukhopadhyay : Asso Prof ‘E’19. Dr Bireswar Basu-Mallick : Asso Prof ‘E’20. Dr Prakash Mathews : Asso Prof ‘E’21. Dr Harvendra Singh : Asso Prof ‘E’22. Dr B K Agrawal : Asso Prof ‘E’23. Dr Amit Ghosh : Asso Prof ‘E’24. Sm Dola Mallick : Sr Assistant25. Sri Pradyut Kumar Mitra : Technician ‘D’26. Sri Arun Kumar Bose : Helper ‘E’27. Sri Sudarshan Hazra : Helper ‘C’MATERIAL PHYSICS GROUPProf Bikash Sinha : Director & HOGPLASMA PHYSICS DIVISION1. Prof A N S Iyengar : Professor ‘G’ & In-Charge2. Prof Rabindra Nath Pal : Professor ‘G’3. Prof(Smt) S Roychoudhury : Professor ‘F’4. Prof N R Roy : Professor ‘F’5. Prof S K Saha : Professor ‘F’6. Prof (Smt) M S Janaki : Professor ‘F’7. Dr Nikhil Chakraborty : Asso Prof ‘E’8. Sri Shantanu Chowdhury : Engineer ‘E’9. Sri Dipak Banik : Scientist ‘E’10. Sri P S Bhattacharya : Scientific Assistant ‘E’11. Sri Amalendu Bal : Scientific Assistant ‘E’12. Sri S Basu : Scientific Assistant ‘D’13. Sri Monobir Chattopadhyay : Scientific Assistant ‘D’14. Sri Abhijit Betal : Scientific Assistant ‘C’15. Sri Dipak Kumar Das : Sr Assistant16. Sri S S Sil : Technician ‘D’17. Sri Dipankar Das : Technician ‘C’18. Sri Ashok Kumar Ram : Helper ‘A’SURFACE PHYSICS DIVISION1. Prof M K Sanyal : Sr Professor ‘H’ & HOD2. Prof P Chakraborty : Professor ‘G’3. Prof D Ghosh : Professor ‘G’4. Prof Alokmay Dutta : Professor ‘F’5. Dr S R Bhattacharyya : Professor ‘F’ (w.e.f.01.08.2006)6. Dr Tapas Kr Chini : Asso Prof ‘E’7. Dr Sangam Banerjee : Asso Prof ‘E’8. Dr Manabendra Mukherjee : Asso Prof ‘E’9. Dr (Sm) S Kundu : Asso Prof ‘E’10. Dr Satyajit Hazra : Asso Prof ‘E’11. Dr Satyaban Bhunia : Reader ‘D’12. Dr Krishnakumar S R Menon : Reader ‘D’13. Sri Subir Roy : Scientific Assistant ‘D’14. Sri Avijit Das : Scientific Assistant ‘D’15. Sri Susanta Bandyopadhyay : Scientific Assistant ‘D’16. Sri Souvik Banerjee : Scientific Assistant ‘B’17. Sri Goutam Sarkar : Scientific Assistant ‘A’18. Sri Mukul Ch Das : Superintendent19. Sri Harendra Nath Jana : Helper ‘E’20. Sri Gobardhan Jana : Helper ‘A’NUCLEAR SCIENCE GROUPProf Bikash Sinha : Director & HOGNUCLEAR & ATOMIC PHYSICS DIVISION1. Prof Sudeb Bhattacharya : Sr Professor ‘H’ - HOD2. Prof (Smt) C Samanta : Professor ‘G’3. Prof Dipan Bhattacharya : Professor ‘G’4. Prof P Banerjee : Professor ‘F’5. Prof (Smt) Bichitra Ganguly : Professor ‘F’6. Prof Harashit Majumdar : Professor ‘F’7. Prof Satyajit Saha : Professor ‘F’8. Prof Manoranjan Sarkar : Professor ‘F’9. Prof PMG Nambissan : Professor ‘F’10. Prof P Basu : Professor ‘F’

300 Biennial Report 2005-0711. Dr (Smt)Maitreyee Saha Sarkar : Professor ‘F’12 Dr Subinit Roy : Professor ‘F’13. Dr M B Das : Scientist ‘F’14. Dr Ashimananda Goswami : Professor ‘F’15. Dr Chandi Charan Dey : Asso Prof ‘E’16. Dr (Smt) Ushasi Datta Pramanik : Asso Prof ‘E’17. Dr Chinmay Basu : Asso Prof ‘E’ (w.e.f.01.02.2006)18. Dr (Smt) Anjali Mukherjee : Reader ‘D’19. Sri Amal Ghosal : Scientific Assistant ‘E’20. Sri Pradipta Kumar Das : Scientific Assistant ‘D’21. Sri Bhabani Prasad Das : Scientific Assistant ‘E’22. Sri Kaushik Chatterjee : Scientific Assistant ‘D’23. Smt Jonaki Panja : Scientific Assistant ‘D’24. Sri Sujib Ch Chattopadhyay : Scientific Assistant ‘D’25. Smt Rita Ghosh : Scientific Assistant ‘D’26. Sri Ajoy Kumar Mitra : Scientific Assistant ‘D’27. Sri Haradhan Dhar : Scientific Assistant ‘D’28. Sri Dilip Sil : Scientific Assistant ‘C’29. Sri Tapan Kumar Das : Technician ‘H’30. Sri N C Sarkar : Sr Superintendent31. Smt Soma Roy : Scientific Assistant ‘B’32. Sri Chandra Nath Marik : Scientific Assistant ‘B’33. Sri Jeevan Shaw : Sr Assistant34. Sri Pradip Barua : Technician ‘B’35. Sri S P Singh : Technician ‘B’36. Sri Dilip Kr Sardar : Technician ‘B’37. Sri Dulal Chandra Ghoshal : Helper ‘E’38. Sri Kuntal Sarkhel : Helper ‘B’39. Sri Prabir Das : Helper ‘A’40. Sri Siladitya Chakraborty : Helper ‘A’INDIA-BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY SEC-TIONProf Sudeb Bhattacharyya : Professor ‘G’ - HOS1. Prof Supratik Mukhopadhyay : Professor ‘F’2. Dr Manoj Sharan : Asso Prof ‘E’3. Dr Debasish Majumdar : Asso Prof ‘E’4. Dr Ambar Ghosal : Asso Prof ‘E’5. Dr (Smt) Nayana Majumdar : Asso Prof ‘E’HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS & MICROELECTRON-ICS GROUPHIGH ENERGY PHYSICS DIVISION1. Dr Sukalyan Chattopadhyay : Professor ‘F’ HOD & ProjectLeader2. Dr Pradip Kr Roy : Asso Prof ‘E’3. Dr Abhee Kanti Dutt-Mazumder : Reader ‘D’4. Dr (Smt) Tinku Sinha : Scientist ‘D’5. Sri Dipankar Das : Scientific Assistant ‘C’6. Smt Lipy Paul : Scientific Assistant ‘C’7. Sri Sanjib Kr Mondal : UDC8. Sri Rakesh Kr Ram : Helper ‘A’NEW GENERATION DETECTOR R & D Section1. Prof Pratap Bhattacharya : Professor ‘G’HELIUM LAB1. Sri Sudam Bagdi : Helper ‘A’MICROELECTRONICS DIVISION1. Prof Swapan Kr Sen : Professor ‘G’ - HOD2. Sri A Sanyal : Engineer ‘F’3. Dr Sandip Sarkar : Asso Prof ‘E’4. Dr Madhusudan Roy : Reader ‘D’5. Dr Supratic Chakraborty : Reader ‘D’6. Sri Saibal Saha : Scientific Assistant ‘E’7. Sri Avedananda Bhattacharya : Scientific Assistant ‘C’8. Sri S P Mallick : Technician ‘E’9. Sri Subhasish Sanyal : Superintendent10. Sri Provash Halder : Helper ‘D’CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS GROUPTHEORETICAL CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICSDIVISION1. Prof B K Chakrabarti : Sr Professor ‘H’ & HOD2. Prof Atindra Nath Das : Professor ‘G’3. Prof Asok K Sen : Professor ‘F’4 Prof Gautam Roy : Professor ‘F’5 Prof S N Karmakar : Professor ‘F’6 Prof Sudhakar Yarlagadda : Professor ‘F’7 Dr Krishnendu Sengupta : Asso Prof ‘E’8 Dr Pradeep Kr Mohanty : Asso Prof ‘E’9 Dr Abhik Basu : Asso Prof ‘E’10. Sri Ashoke Kumar Nayak : Sr Superintendent11. Sri P S Bhattacharjee : Superintendent12. Sri Kausik Das : Scientific Assistant ‘B’13. Sri Jhantu Mallick : Helper ‘A’14. Sri Asish Ram : Helper ‘A’EXPERIMENTAL CONDENSED MATTERPHYSICS DIVISION1. Prof R Ranganathan : Professor ‘G’ & H.O.D.2. Prof K K Bardhan : Professor ‘G’3. Prof A Ghosh Ray : Professor ‘G’4. Prof A I Jaman : Professor ‘G’5. Prof (Mrs) K Ghosh Ray : Professor ‘F’6. Prof Chandidas Mukherjee : Professor ‘F’7. Prof S N Das : Professor ‘F’8. Dr P K Mondal : Professor ‘F’9. Dr Indranil Das : Professor ‘F’10. Dr (Mrs) Barnana Pal : Asso Prof ‘E’11. Dr Asok Podder : Asso Prof ‘E’12. Dr Bilwadal Bandyopadhyay : Asso Prof ‘E’13. Dr Chandan Mazumdar : Asso Prof ‘E’14. Sri S N Datta : Scientific Officer ‘C’15. Sri Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya : Scientific Assistant ‘E’16. Sri Tapan Kr Pyne : Scientific Assistant ‘E’17. Sri Arun Kumar Pal : Technician ‘G’18. Sm Sankari Chakrabarti : Scientific Assistant ‘C‘19. Sri Arindam Chakraborti : Scientific Assistant ‘B’20. Smt Papia Mondal : Scientific Assistant ‘B’21. Sri Dhrubajyoti Seth : Scientific Assistant ‘B’22. Sri Anarashi Ram : Technician ‘F’23. Sri Anish Karmahapatra : Technician ‘E’24. Sri Tapan Kr Sarkar : Sr Assistant25. Sri Sambu Hembram : Technician ‘B’26. Sri P P Ranjit : Helper ‘D’27. Sri Prabir Kumar Das : Helper ‘D’28. Sri Ramananda Dubey : Helper ‘D’

Administration 301BIOPHYSICAL SCIENCES GROUPProf J K Dattagupta : Sr Professor ‘I’ & HOGCRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGYDIVISION1. Prof J K Dattagupta : Sr Professor ‘I’ & HOD2. Prof. (Smt.)Chandana Chakrabarti: Professor ‘G’3. Prof. Nitai Pada Bhattacharyya : Professor ‘G’4. Prof. (Smt.) Sanghamitra Raha : Professor ‘F’5. Dr. Rahul Banerjee : Asso. Prof. ‘E’6. Dr. Partha Saha : Asso. Prof. ‘E’7. Dr. (Sm) Sampa Biswas : Asso. Prof. ‘E’8. Dr. Udayaditya Sen : Asso. Prof. ‘E’9. Sri Utpal Basu : Scientific Assistant ‘D’10. Sri Abhijit Bhattacharya : Scientific Assistant ‘C’11. Sri Bikram Nath : Scientific Assistant ‘B’12. Sri Sushanta Debnath : Scientific Assistant ‘B’13. Sri Saikat Mukhopadhyay : Scientific Assistant ‘B’14. Sri Ashis Kumar Dutta : Scientific Assistant ‘B’15. Smt. Durga Hazra : Sr. Assistant16. Sri. Samir Kr. Majumdar : Technician ‘B’17. Sri Chinmoy Chatterjee : Helper ‘D’18. Sri Sakal Dev Ram : Helper ‘B’19. Sri Bipin Bose : Helper ‘A’STRUCTURAL GENOMICS SECTIONProf JK Dattagupta : Sr. Professor I & In-charge1. Dr Debashis Mukhopadhyay : Reader ‘D’BIOPHYSICS DIVISION1. Prof Dipak Dasgupta : Professor ‘G’ & H.O.D.2. Prof PK Sengupta : Professor ‘G’3. Dr (Sm) Radha Bhattacharyya : Scientist ‘F’4. Sri Pulak Kumar Roy : Engineer ‘F’5. Prof Abhijit Chakraborty : Professor ‘F’6. Prof Arun Kr Pal : Professor ‘F’7. Prof Subrata Banerjee : Professor ‘F’8. Prof Dhananjay Bhattacharyya : Professor ‘F’9. Dr TK Mondal : Asso Prof ‘E’10. Sri TK Roy : Scientific Officer ‘C’11. Sri Sekhar Bhattacharya : Scientific Assistant ‘D’12. Sri Ajoy Chakraborty : Scientific Assistant ‘D’13. Sri Arijit Pal : Scientific Assistant ‘C’14. Sri BK Das : Sr Assistant15. Sri Sadhan Barua : Helper ‘E’16. Sri Dinu Dutta : Helper ‘D’17. Sri Nirmal Ch. Das : Helper ‘D’18. Sri Shyamal Ch. Digar : Helper ‘A’19. Sri Sanjay Show : Helper ‘A’CHEMICAL SCIENCES DIVISION1. Prof S Basak : Professor ‘G‘ & H.O.D.2. Prof PC Mondal : Professor ‘G‘3. Prof(Sm) Samita Basu : Professor ‘F‘4. Prof Amitabha De : Professor ‘F‘5. Prof Susanta Lahiri : Professor ‘F‘6. Dr (Sm) Munna Sarkar : Asso Prof ‘E‘7. Dr (Sm) Maitreyee Nandy : Asso Prof ‘E‘8. Dr (Sm) Dalia Nayak : Reader ‘D‘9. Sri Ajay Das : Scientific Assistant ‘D‘10. Sm Chitra Raha : Scientific Assistant ‘D‘11. Sri Avijit Shome : Scientific Assistant ‘B‘12. Sri Shiv Gobind Prasad : Scientific Assistant ‘B‘13. Sri Subir Bandyopadhyay : Sr. Assistant14. Sri Bablu Ram : Technician ‘B‘15. Sri Deepak Kr Ram : Helper ‘B‘16. Sri JN Ray : Helper ‘B‘TEACHINGProf Palash Baran Pal : HOS (w.e.f.01.08.2006)1. Dr BB Bal : Scientist ‘F’2. Sri Jayant Kr Mukherjee : Scientific Assistant ‘B’3. Sri Sudarshan Mondal : Sr. Assistant4. Sri Nirmal Ch Biswas : Helper ‘D’VISITING FELLOWS /RESEARCH ASSOCIATES/RESEARCH FELLOWSTHEORY DIVISION1. Dr. Rajarshi Roy : Research Associate-II2. Sri Purnendu Chakraborty : Senior Research Fellow3. Sri B. Muthukumar : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Jyotirmoy Maity : Senior Research Fellow5. Sri Sayan Kumar Chakrabarti : Senior Research Fellow6. Sri Ayan Chatterjee : Senior Research Fellow7. Sri Pulak Ranjan Giri : Senior Research Fellow8. Smt. Debarati Chatterjee : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Kalyan Brata Chatterjee : Senior Research Fellow10. Sri Nilanjan Bondyopadhaya : Senior Research Fellow11. Sm. Bhramar Chatterjee : Junior Research Fellow12. Sm. Srirupa Dasgupta : Junior Research Fellow13. Sri Sovan Chakraborty : Junior Research FellowPLASMA PHYSICS DIVISION1. Sri Ramitendranath Bhattacharyya: Research Associate I2. Sri Ramesh Narayanan : Senior Research Fellow3. Sri Debjyoti Basu : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Anirban Bose : Senior Research Fellow5. Md Nurujjaman : Senior Research Fellow6. Sri Subir Biswas : Junior Research FellowSURFACE PHYSICS DIVISION1. Sri Debi Prasad Datta : Senior Research Fellow2. Sm Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay : Senior Research Fellow3. Sri Indranil Sarkar : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Atikur Rahman : Senior Research Fellow5. Sri Subhrangsu Mukherjee : Senior Research Fellow6. Sri Biswajit Saha : Senior Research Fellow7. Sm Smita Saha : Senior Research Fellow8. Sri Rupak Banerjee : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Sirshendu Gayen : Senior Research Fellow10. Sm Binita Ghosh : Senior Research Fellow11. Sri Arjun Das : Senior Research Fellow12. Sri Suman Mandal : Senior Research Fellow13. Sri MH Mandal : Senior Research Fellow14. Sri AKM Maidul Islam : Senior Research Fellow15. Sri Jayanta Kumar Bal : Senior Research FellowNUCLEAR & ATOMIC PHYSICS DIVISION

302 Biennial Report 2005-071. Dr. Debasis Mitra : Visiting Scientist2. Dr. Nagendra Nath Mondal : Visiting Scientist3. Dr. (Smt.) Indrani Ray : Research Associate-II4. Dr. (Sm.) Mala Das‘ : Research Associate-II5. Sri Dhrubajyoti Gupta : Visiting Fellow6. Sm. Mili Biswas : Senior Research Fellow7. Sri Rajarshi Raut : Senior Research Fellow8. Sri Partha Roy Chowdhury : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Ritesh Kshetri : Senior Research Fellow10. Sri Mukesh Kr. Pradhan : Junior Research Fellow11. Sm. Debasmita Kanjilal : Junior Research FellowINDIA-BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY SEC-TION1. Dr. Abhijit Samanta : Research Associate-IIHIGH ENERGY PHYSICS DIVISION1. Sri Sanjoy Pal : Senior Research Fellow2. Sri Indranil Das : Senior Research Fellow3. Sri Subhrajyoti Biswas : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Kausik Pal : Junior Research Fellow5. Sm. Lusaka Bhattacharya : Junior Research FellowMICROELECTRONICS DIVISION1. Sri Subhajit Karmakar : Senior Research FellowTHEORETICAL CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICSDIVISION1. Sri Arnab Chatterjee : Senior Research Fellow2. Sri Arnab Das : Senior Research Fellow3. Sri Sanjoy Datta : Senior Research Fellow4. Sm. Moitri Maiti : Junior Research FellowEXPERIMENTAL CONDENSED MATTERPHYSICS DIVISION1. Dr. Kuntal Chakrabarti : Research Associate-II2. Dr. Namita Dutta Gupta : Research Associate-II3. Sri Sanjib Maji : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Anis Biswas : Senior Research Fellow5. Sri Soumik Mukhopadhyay : Senior Research Fellow6. Sri P. R. Varadwaj : Senior Research Fellow7. Sri Tapas Samanta : Senior Research Fellow8. Sri Bholanath Pahari : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Deep Talukdar : Senior Research Fellow10. Sri Prosenjit Sarkar : Junior Research FellowCRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGYDIVISION1. Dr (Smt) Rona Banerjee : Research Associate - I2. Dr (Smt) Sumana Roy : Research Associate - I3. Sri Sanjib Dey : Senior Research Fellow4. Sm Pritha Majumdar : Senior Research Fellow5. Sri Santanu Roy : Senior Research Fellow6. Sm Susmita Khamrui : Senior Research Fellow7. Sri Prabir Chakraborty : Senior Research Fellow8. Sri Suman Dutta : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Swasti Raychaudhury : Senior Research Fellow10. Sri V Venugopal : Senior Research Fellow11. Sm Doel Ray : Senior Research Fellow12. Sm Raka Ghosh : Senior Research Fellow13. Sm Manisha Banerjee : Senior Research Fellow14. Sri Dipankar Bhandari : Senior Research Fellow15. Sm Aditi Sengupta : Senior Research Fellow16. Sri Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafa : Senior Research Fellow17. Sm Anupama Sardar : Junior Research Fellow18. Sri Anup Kumar Maity : Junior Research Fellow19. Sri Pallab Bhowmik : Junior Research FellowSTRUCTURAL GENOMICS SECTION1. Sm. Sutapa Saha : Senior Research Fellow2. Sm. Mithu Raychaudhuri : Junior Research Fellow3. Sri Mithun Sinha : Junior Research FellowBIOPHYSICS DIVISION1. Sri Nirmal Dutta : Senior Research Fellow2. Sri Amitava Sengupta : Senior Research Fellow3. Sm. P. Grihanjali Devi : Senior Research Fellow4. Sri Dipankar Bhattacharya : Senior Research Fellow5. Sri Sumanta Basu : Senior Research Fellow6. Sm. Sudipta Pal : Senior Research Fellow7. Sm. Madhumita Chakraborty : Senior Research Fellow8. Sri Kaushik Basu : Senior Research Fellow9. Sri Suman Kalyan Pradhan : Senior Research Fellow10. Sm. Parijat Majumder : Junior Research Fellow11. Sri Shibojyoti Lahiri : Junior Research FellowCHEMICAL SCIENCES DIVISION1. Dr (Smt) Kalpita Ghosh : Research Associate - I2. Dr (Smt) Archana Ghatak : Research Associate - I3. Dr Kalyan Giri : Research Associate - I4. Dr Hirak Chakraborty : Research Associate - I5. Dr (Ms) Madhuri Mandal : Visiting Fellow6. Dr (Smt) Rupali Gangopadhyay : Visiting Fellow7. Smt Asima Chakraborty : Senior Research Fellow8. Sm Adity Bose : Senior Research Fellow9. Sm Debarati Dey : Junior Research Fellow10. Sm Swagata Banerjee : Junior Research FellowPOST M Sc ASSOCIATESHIP COURSE 2006-2007PHYSICS STREAM1. Mr Debashis Samanta2. Mr Srijit Bhattacharjee3. Mr Bishnudas Ghosh4. Ms Paramita Chatterjee5. Ms Shreyoshi Mondal6. Mr Safiul Alam Mollick7. Ms Soumini Chaudhury8. Mr Abhisakh Sarma9. Mr Sanjoy Kumar Mahatha10. Mr Sudip Kumar Nath11. Mr Rana Nandi12. Mr Dilip Kumar Bhoi13. Mr Priti Bhajan BhaktiCSIR1. Ms Nupur BiswasBIOPHYSICAL SCIENCES STREAM1. Ms. Sukanya Halder2. Ms. Moumita Datta3. Ms. Jayeeta Ghose4. Ms. Swati Panigrahi5. Ms. Sutapa Mondal6. Ms. Brotati Chakraborty

Administration 3037. Mr. Sudip Majumder8. Mr. Biswapathik Pahari9. Ms. Sanchita Mukherjee10. Ms. Kamalika RoychoudhuryCSIR POOL OFFICERS/RESEARCH ASSO-CIATES/JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOWS1. Dr (Smt) Kamalika Roy : Research Associate (CSD)2. Sri Rajib Sarkar : Senior Research Fellow (TCMP)3. Ms Anwesha Banerjee : Senior Research Fellow (Bio.)4. Sri Puneet Mishra : Senior Research Fellow (SPD)5. Sri MC Kumar : Senior Research Fellow (Theory)6. Dr (Smt) Alakananda Goswami (Nag) : Research Associate(C&MB)7. Mr Satya Ranjan Halder : Junior Research Fellow (SPD)8. Mr Tirtha Sankar Ray : Junior Research FellowDST PROJECT1. Dr (Smt) Debi Chowdhury : Principal Investigator2. Sri Hirok Chaudhuri : Junior Research Fellow (Helium)DAE-BRNS PROJECT1. Smt Mandira Sinha : Junior Research Fellow (N&AP)DBT PROJECT1. Sri Ashim Roy : Senior Research Fellow (Bio.)2. Sri Samiran Saha : Project Associate3. Smt Jayati Mookerjee Basu : Project AssociateCentral FacilitiesCOMPUTERProf Asit Kr De : Professor ‘F’ & Prof-in-Charge1. Sri Gautam Garai : Scientist ‘F’2. Sri Deeptish Dey : Engineer ‘E’3. Sri Gautam Datta : Scientific Assistant ‘D’4. Sri Sumit Basu : Scientific Assistant ‘A’5. Sri Nanda Lal Sanpui : Technician ‘B’6. Sri Soumya Majumdar : Technician ‘B’ELECTRONICS WORKSHOP FACILITY1. Dr Suvendu Nath Bose : Scientist ‘G’ - In-Charge2. Sri Debasish Bandyopadhyay : Scientific Assistant ‘D’3. Sri Dwijendra Das : Scientific Assistant ‘B’4. Sri Dulal Das : Technician ‘G’5. Sri Singh Bahadur Thapa : Helper ‘A’LIBRARYProf M K Sanyal : Chairman1. Sri Swapan Kr Banerjee : Librarian (F)2. Sri Babulal Ram : Scientific Assistant ‘E’3. Smt Ratna Raychaudhuri : Scientific Assistant ‘E’4. Sri Abhijit Kumar Malakar : Scientific Assistant ‘D’5. Sri Samit De : Scientific Assistant ‘D’6. Sri Sumit Kumar Manna : Scientific Assistant ‘B’7. Sri Subrata Chowdhury : Technician ‘E’8. Smt Anupama Saha : Technician ‘B’9. Sri Manoj Karmakar : Technician ‘B’10. Sri Kishori Lal Ram : Technician ‘B’11. Sri Kartick Ch Panigrahi : Helper ‘A’PUBLICATION & DOCUMENTATION UNITProf A N S Iyengar : Chairperson & Head2. Sri Amit Kumar Saha : Scientific Assistant ‘E’3. Smt Dipa Dasgupta : Scientific Assistant ‘D’4. Sri Pradip Das : Technician ‘D’5. Sri Sanjib Kr Roy : Helper ‘A’WORKSHOPDr Suvendu Nath Bose : Chairman, Workshop Committee1. Sri Jisnu Basu : Engineer E & Officer-In-Charge2. Sri R N Dutta : Scientific Officer ‘C’3. Sri A K Mondal : Technician ‘G’4. Sri Sukumar Kundu : Technician ‘G’5. Sri Sadananda Datta : Technician ‘F’6. Sri D N Debnath : Technician ‘F’7. Sri Ramen Jana : Technician ‘F’8. Sri Sudipta Barman : Technician ‘F’ (Fitter)9. Sri Debashis Sen : Technician ‘F’10. Sri Supriya Mondal : Technician ‘E’11. Sri Biplab Kumar Dey : Technician ‘E’12. Sri Partha Sarathi Karmakar : Technician ‘E’ (Turner)13. Sri Narayan Chandra Dey : Scientific Assistant ‘A’ (CNCOperator)14. Sri Tarun Tapan Biswas : Technician ‘E’ (Fitter)15. Sri Gopal Kumar Chatterjee : Technician ‘E’ (Engn.Stores)16. Sri Ramkrishna Ray : Technician ‘E’ (Machinist)17. Sri H.B.Dhar : Technician ‘D’18. Sri Bhairab Ch. Nath : Technician ‘C’ (Milright Fitter)19. Sri Sunil Das : Technician ‘C’ (Milright Fitter)20. Sri Durlav Tudu : Technician ‘C’ (Turner)21. Sri Sadip Patra : Technician ‘C’ (Welder)22. Sri Himadri Chakraborty : Technician ‘C’ (Machinist)23. Sri Subrata Baidya : Technician ‘C’ (Machinist)24. Sri Subal Ch. Bindi : Technician ‘B’25. Sri Adhir Sarkar : Technician ‘A’26. Sri Santosh Kumar Barman : Helper ‘E’27. Sri D P Sardar : Helper ‘D’28. Sri Gopal Das : Helper ‘B’Ms Seema Bhattacharyya : Officer-In-Charge1. Sri Bidyut Kumar Mallick : Scientific Assistant ‘E’

304 Biennial Report 2005-07Administrative DepartmentsESTABLISHMENT1. Sri S K Gupta : Establishment Officer2. Sri Alok Mitra : Officer-In-Charge3.* Sri Biplab Kumar Ray : Sr Superintendent (AMS + ESTT)4. Sri Prasanta Kumar Das : Superintendent5. Smt Chandana Basu : Superintendent6. Smt Suparna Das : Senior Assistant7. Smt Seethalakshmi Rath : UDC8. Sri Rajeswar Roy : Driver V9. Sri Subhash Ch Gayen : Helper DDESPATCH1. Smt Dipali Saha : Superintendent2. Sri Tapan Chakraborty : Superintendent3. Sri Swadesh Ch Deb : UDC4. Sri T N Bhattacharya : Helper D5. Sri Ramesh Singh : Helper BACCOUNTS1. Sri Niladri Sanyal : Dy. Controller of Accounts2. Sri V P Mishra : Accounts Officer3. Sri S K Banerjee : Officer-In-Charge4. Sri S K Basu : Officer-In-Charge5. Sri M Dey : Officer-In-Charge6. Sri Asit Ranjan Deb : Officer-In-Charge7. Sri T K Bhattacharyya : Sr Superintendent8. Sri Ram Mohan Moitra : Sr Superintendent9. Smt Chandana Mitra : Sr Superintendent10. Sri Niranjan Sarkar : Sr Accountant11. Sri Dulal Chatterjee : Superintendent12. Smt Tul Tul Dutta : Superintendent13. Sri Somnath Sarkar : Accountant14. Sri Ranjit Dutta : Superintendent15. Sri Biswajit Dutta : Sr Assistant16. Sri Gautam Ghosh : Sr Assistant17. Smt Baby Basak : Sr Assistant18. Sri Avijit Saha : UDC19. Sri Mantu Bhattacharjee : UDC20. Sri Asim Halder : UDC21. Sri Surja Hari : Helper E22. Sri Madhu Bose : Helper D23. Sri Biswanath Paul : Helper D24. Sri Kartick Hari : Helper D25. Sri Sanat Kumar Kotal : Helper D26. Sri Pradip Dutta Sharma : Helper BPURCHASE SECTION1. Sri Srinivas Nishtala : Purchase OfficerDOMESTIC CELL2. Sri JS Raychaudhuri : Officer-In-Charge3. Sri Ashim Kumar Sarkar : Superintendent4. Sri Shyamal Chandra Biswas : Sr Assistant5. Sri Gautam Das : Sr Assistant6. Sri Ajoy Kumar Biswas : Sr Assistant7. Ms Rekha Ram : LDC8. Sri Ashok Kr Roy : Helper ‘B’FOREIGN CELL1. Sri Sanjoy Chakraborty : Officer-In-Charge2. Sri Ashoke Maity : Superintendent3. Sri Sankar Nath Dewan : Superintendent4. Sri Debasish Das : Superintendent5. Sri Ranjit Roy : Sr Assistant6. Sri GH Das : Helper ‘E’STORE1. Sri Santosh Kumar Seal : Sr Superintendent2. Sri Pradip Kumar Das : Driver VMEDICAL UNITProf A N S Iyengar : Chairman, MAC1. Dr Sumalay Kar : Part -time Attending Physician2. Dr Arup Kumar Sahu : Part -time Attending Physician3. Sri Gobinda Chakraborty : Superintendent4. Sri Gautam Dutta : Technician ‘E’5. Sm. Nirupama Halder : UDC6. Sri Nabin Chandra Halder : Helper DTELEPHONEProf (Ms) Samita Basu : In-Charge1. Smt Sunanda Chakraborty : Technician ‘F’2. Smt Bithi Biswas : Technician ‘D’3. Smt Pampa Bhattacharjee : Technician ‘C’AUDITORIUM MANAGEMENT SECTIONSmt Seema Bhattacharya : Officer-In-Charge1. Sri Sushanta Chakraborty : Scientific Assistant ‘D’2. Sri Biplab Kumar Ray : Sr SuperintendentBUILDING MAINTENANCE (ELECTRICAL)Prof R Ranganathan : Chairman, BM (E) Committee1. Sri D P Ghosh : Engineer ‘F’2. Sri K P Panja : Scientific Officer‘D’3. Sri P C Majumdar : Scientific Assistant ‘E’4. Sri Nepal Ch Mitra : Technician ‘H’5. Sri Swapan Kr Mandal : Scientific Assistant ‘D’6. Sri Somenath Ghosh : Scientific Assistant ‘C’7. Sri Saral Guha : Technician ‘G’8. Sri Sujit Kr De : Technician ‘F’9. Sri Kali Kanto Dey : Technician ‘E’10. Sri M Kaity : Technician ‘E’11. Sri Ram Kumar Dubey : Technician ‘E’12. Sri Asok Kr Majumdar : Technician ‘D’13. Sri K P Roy : Technician ‘C’14. Sri G K Sabui : Technician ‘B’15. Sri Pratap Dhanuk : Technician ‘B’16. Sri Dilip Kr Chakraborty : Technician ‘B’17. Sri Jai Prakash Tiwari : Technician ‘B’18. Sri Jagannath Mandal : Technician ‘B’19. Sri Mahendra Manohar Khapekar : Technician ‘B’20. Sri Dilip Ram : Helper ‘E’21. Sri Bijay Ram : Helper ‘B’

Administration 30522. Sri Sankar Adhikari : Helper ‘A’BUILDING MAINTENANCE (CIVIL)Prof A I Jaman : Chairman, BM (C) Committee1. Sri Rajkumar Sengupta : Engineer ‘D’2. Sri S S Kundu : Technician ‘G’3. Sri Arup Polley : Technician ‘G’4. Sri Nil Kanta Sinha : Scientific Assistant C5. Sri Gobinda Pal : Scientific Assistant B6. Sri Mahesh Patnaik : Scientific Assistant B7. Sri Ashok Kumar Das : Technician ‘F’8. Sri Sisir Kumar Mondal : Technician ‘E’(Structural Draftsman)9. Sri Gangadhar Maity : Technician ‘D’ (Supervisor Mali)10. Sri Sunil Murmu : Technician ‘B’11. Sri Subir Modak : UDC12. Sri Vim Hari : Helper ‘E’ (Sweeper)13. Sri Samir Kr Chakraborty : Helper ‘E’ (Mali)14. Sri Sakhi Chand Hari : Helper ‘E’ (Sweeper)15. Sri Banarshi Mallick : Helper ‘D’ (Sweeper)16. Sri Dulal Dey : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)17. Sri Sushil Kumar De : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)18. Sri Santosh Kr Sarkar : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)19. Sri K K Sarkar : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)20. Sri Shyamal Kr Bose : Helper ‘D’21. Sri Badal Hari : Helper ‘D’ (Sweeper)22. Sri Santosh Kr Bachar : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)23. Sri Swapan Kr Mondal : Helper ‘D’ (Mali)24. Sri Siblal Hari : Helper ‘C’ (Sweeper)25. Smt Anjali Hari : Helper ‘C’ (Sweeper)26. Sri G C Das : Helper ‘C’ (Sweeper)27. Sri Santosh Hari : Helper (Sweeper)28. Sri Ashok Mallick : Helper ‘A’29. Sri Kala Chand Hela : Helper ‘A’ (Sweeper)30. Sk. Mostakin : Helper ‘A’31. Sri Amit Hari : Helper ‘A’SECURITY1. Sri Supriya Gangopadhyay : Security Officer2. Sri Ratan Kr Bose : Security Supervisor-‘B’3. Sri Tapas Kr Dalal : Security Supervisor-‘B’4. Sri Aloke Kr Chattopadhyay : Security Supervisor5. Sri Swaraj Nath Sarkar : Security Supervisor6. Sri Ashok Kr Singh : Security Supervisor7. Sri Ganesh Prasad Sharma : Security Supervisor8. Sri Tarak Ch Nath : Security Supervisor ‘A’9. Sri Samir Chakraborty : Security Supervisor‘A’10. Sri Samir Kumar Das : Technician ‘F’11. Sri Raghunath Naskar : Sr Assistant12. Sri Bhamar Singh : Caretaker (Watchman)13. Sri P B Thapa : Helper ‘D’ (Watchman)14. Sri Joyram Murmu : Helper ‘D’ (Watchman)15. Sri Madhusudan Bhakta : Helper ‘D’ (Watchman)16. Sri Sudhangsu Sekhar Mondal : Helper ‘D’ (Watchman)17. Sri Swapan Mukherjee : Helper ‘D’18. Sri Mongal Oraon : Helper ‘D’ (Watchman)19. Sri Sibu Oraon : Helper ‘C’ (Watchman)20. Sri Tapan Kr Sinha : Helper ‘C’ (Watchman)21. Sri Ranjit Kr Roy : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)22. Sri Sudhir Kr Debnath : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)23. Md Manayar Hasan Mondal : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)24. Sri Balli Rana : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)25. Sri Dukha Krishna Reddy : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)26. Sri Gobinda Ch. Roy : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)27. Sri Subrata Kr. Chowdhury : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)28. Sri Arun Kr Dutta : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)29. Sri Pran Gopal Das : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)30. Sri Gopal Ch Saren : Helper ‘B’ (Watchman)TRANSPORTProf A Ghoshray : Chairman, Transport CommitteeSri Jisnu Basu : Officer-In-Charge1. Sri Dharmendra Prasad : Scientific Assistant ‘B’2. Sri Ajoy Kumar Sarkar : Transport Supervisor- II3. Sri S K Mondal : Technician ‘F’4. Sri Trinath Maharana : Technician ‘E’ (Vehi. Mech.)5. Sri Surai Mandi : Technician ‘B’ (Vehi. Mech.)6. Sri K L Malakar : Technician ‘B’7. Sri Aloke Kumar Sarkar : Driver V8. Sri Gouri Sankar Singh : Driver IV9. Sri Arun Roy : Driver IV10. Sri Tarak Nath Ghosh : Driver IV11. Sri Kashi Nath Prosad : Driver IV12. Sri Dilip Baidya : Driver IV13. Sri Madhusudan Mondal : Driver III14. Sri Gopal Ch Ghosh : Driver II15. Sri Uttam Kumar Roy : Driver II16. Sri Kartick Ch Pal : Driver II17. Sri Prabir Kumar Mistri : Driver II18. Sri Prabir Biswas : Driver II19. Sri Ranabir Ram : Helper ‘E’20. Sri Mongal Ch Mondal : Helper ‘D’21. Sri Asit Kr Mahapatra : Helper ‘D’22. Sri Shankar Ram : Helper ‘B’GUEST HOUSE & HOSTEL1. Sri Ramesh Hari : Helper ‘C’2. Sri Pintu Ram : Helper ‘B’3. Sri Somenath Das : Helper ‘A’4. Smt. Suro Mahato : Helper ‘A’5. Sri Suresh Ch. Das : Assistant Cook (Hostel Canteen)6. Sri Madhu Sudan Samal : Assistant Cook (Hostel Canteen)7. Sri Sakti Pada Bisui : Assistant Cook (Hostel Canteen)CANTEEN STAFF (SALT LAKE CAMPUS)1. Sri Ashok Roy : Canteen Clerk - II2. Sri Shankar Panda : Cook II3. Sri Prabhat Maity : Cook II4. Sri Kartick Ch. Maity : Cook5. Sri Sujan Ch. Mistry : Assistant Cook6. Sri Sailen Halder : Bearer - II7. Sri Nemai Ch. Das : Bearer - II8. Sri Niranjan Maity : Bearer - II9. Sri Amar Das : Bearer - II10. Sri Barun Kr. Barua : Bearer - II11. Sri Pradip Ram : Bearer - II12. Sri Subodh Kr. Pradhan : Bearer13. Sri Sunil Ram : Bearer14. Sri Shankar Andia : Bearer

306 Biennial Report 2005-07List of Retirement 2005-2007Sl No Name Division/Section Present Designation Date of Birth Date of Retirement1 Prof MB Chatterjee N&AP Prof ‘G’ 11.05.45 31.05.20052 Sri S Nayek BM(C) Tech ‘F’ 14.07.45 31.07.20053 Prof K Bhaumik MED Prof ‘F’ 23.07.45 31.07.20054 Smt Maya Dutta Library SA E 15.08.45 31.08.20055 Sri DK Das TU Tr Supr - II 18.09.45 30.09.20056 Sri ML Barua SPD Caretaker 10.10.45 31.10.20057 Sri G Das ECMP Tech ‘G’ 10.11.45 30.11.20058 Sri SS Brahmachari N&AP SA ‘E’ 25.11.45 30.11.20059 Sri KC Das C&MB Tech ‘E’ 29.11.45 30.11.200510 Smt Dipali Mitra Adm Superintendent 10.12.45 31.12.200511 Sri Debananda Gupta Adm Section Officer 06.01.46 31.01.200612 Sri A Chakrabarti C&MB Tech ‘G’ 24.02.46 28.02.200613 Sri RG Bahadur Security Helper ‘E’ (Durwan) 27.03.46 31.03.200614 Prof (Mrs) Ibha Chatterjee TCMP Prof ‘G‘ 20.05.46 31.05.200615 Sri Sanjib Barua Adm Helper E 11.06.46 30.06.200616 Sri KN Sinha WKS Tech G 27.06.46 30.06.200617 Prof (Smt) S Ganguly ECMP Prof F 02.08.46 31.08.200618 Prof SK Das PPD Prof F 16.09.46 30.09.200619 Sri RK Mondal WKS Tech Supr-G 22.09.46 30.09.200620 Sri Ranabir Roy ECMP Tech D 06.10.46 31.10.200621 Prof Atri Mukhopadhyay TCMP Prof F 01.12.46 30.11.200622 Sri Kishan Hari BM(C) Helper E (Sweeper) 02.01.47 31.01.200723 Sri Jayanta Kr Dutta Theory Senior Superintendent 15.01.47 31.01.200724 Prof Ashok Chatterjee Theory Prof G 21.01.47 31.01.200725 Sri RN Chakraborty BM(E) Tech G 31.01.47 31.01.2007*26 Sri Surja Hari Adm Helper E 08.03.47 31.03.200727 Dr H Majumdar N&AP Prof F 01.04.47 31.03.2007* Voluntary Retirement on 30.01.2007 (F/N)

IndexAbada, A, 7, 8, 19Abu-Ibrahim, B, 66Acharya, R, 250Adhikari, Arunabha, 97Adhikari, S, 39, 40, 63, 66, 70, 73–76Adhikary, Biswajit, 19, 22Adrich, P, 44, 65, 72Agarwal, SS, 289Aggarwal, MM, 17, 19Agrawal, P, 25Ahmad, I, 68Ahmed, A, 171Aich, Palok, 260Aich, Sanjukta, 260Alam, Jane, 18, 23, 90, 91, 97–99Algora, A, 43Ali, Mahammad, 133Ali, S Asad, 56ALICE Collaboration, 97Alvarez-Rusox, Luis, 14, 20Ames, F, 44, 68Arulmozhi, T, 238Arumugam, S, 132Arunan, E, 125Arya, AS, 64Asthana, Rahul, 289Aswal, VK, 175Aumann, T, 38, 44, 65, 69, 72Awasthi, DK, 56Aydin, S, 43Azaiez, F, 43Azmi, M Danish, 87–89, 99Bai, Hua, 5, 17, 22Baksi, Kanad, 248, 255Bal, A, 183, 189, 190Bal, B, 136Bal, JK, 159, 178Balachandra, AP, 19Baldwin, M, 164, 173Bandopadhyay, D, 65Bandopadhyay, SK, 52, 54, 76Bandyopadhyay, Bilwadal, 105, 106, 132–138Bandyopadhyay, D, 238, 241Bandyopadhyay, Debades, 9, 10, 19, 20, 22–24, 26–29, 32Bandyopadhyay, Debashree, 212, 239Bandyopadhyay, K, 178Bandyopadhyay, SK, 171, 175Bandyopadhyay, Soumyadip, 189Bandyopadhyay, T, 235, 238, 249Bandyopadhyaya, S, 238Banerjee Mustafi, Soumyajit, 215, 253Banerjee, A, 249Banerjee, Anupam, 228–230, 241, 248, 250, 252–254Banerjee, Anwesha, 220, 221, 236, 239, 242, 244, 246,251–253Banerjee, Debashis, 203, 205, 240, 250Banerjee, K, 65Banerjee, Kakoli, 227, 247Banerjee, Manisha, 198, 200, 239, 252–254Banerjee, MK, 54, 55, 69, 73Banerjee, P, 45–47, 67–71, 74, 77Banerjee, R, 151, 166, 175, 178Banerjee, Rahul, 131, 206, 212, 214, 243, 245Banerjee, Rona, 198, 199Banerjee, Rupak, 176Banerjee, S, 147–150, 169–171, 173–178, 181, 211, 238,240, 241Banerjee, Sampali, 239Banerjee, Shibaji, 17–19Banerjee, Souvik, 169Banerjee, SR, 65Banerjee, Subir, 240Banerjee, Subrata, 203, 205, 246, 248, 255, 256Banerjee, Sujata, 237, 241Banerjee, Sushanta, 169Banerjee, Swagata, 223, 251, 254Bangal, Prakiti R, 134, 136Banik, D, 185, 193, 194Banik, Sarmistha, 10, 23Bansal, M, 210, 241, 252, 254Bansal, V, 171Banu, A, 44, 67, 68Barat, P, 171Bardhan, KK, 55Barua, S, 14, 20, 67Basak, Soumen, 251, 254, 291Basu Chakrabarty, Sudipa, 240Basu Chattopadhyay, Mitali, 219Basu Ray, Moumita, 45, 74Basu, Abhik, 131, 134Basu, B, 69Basu, Chinmay, 39, 40, 43, 48, 63, 66, 70, 73, 74Basu, Debjyoti, 186Basu, DN, 41, 42, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75Basu, Gautam, 260Basu, Kaushik, 219–221, 239, 242, 246, 251–253Basu, P, 38, 40, 41, 63, 66–68, 71, 74, 77307

308 Biennial Report 2005-07Basu, R, 25Basu, S, 43, 165, 189, 238, 242Basu, Samita, 221–223, 237, 239–242, 244–255, 257, 291Basu, SK, 45–47, 65, 67, 68, 71, 74Basu, Subhasis, 192Basu, Sukalyan, 242Basu, Sumanta, 203, 240, 250Basu, Utpal, 200, 255Basu-Mallick, Bireswar, 2, 17, 19, 22Becchetti, FD, 68Beck, C, 65Beghini, G, 43Behera, BR, 39, 40, 71, 74Behr, G, 123Benzoni, G, 43Bera, AK, 114Bera, Mrinal Kanti, 146, 155, 173, 178Bergmaier, Andreas, 244Bernhard, C, 133Betal, A, 183, 189Bhadra, A, 21Bhagwat, PV, 54Bhandari, Dipankar, 216, 242, 250Bhandari, Rakesh K, 18, 20Bharde, A, 171, 175Bhattacharjee, Pijushpani, 10–12, 21–23, 27–29, 31, 34Bhattacharjee, S, 65, 132, 134Bhattacharjee, Subhro, 127, 128Bhattacharjee, T, 65Bhattacharjee, Tumpa, 74Bhattacharya, A, 153Bhattacharya, C, 65Bhattacharya, D, 49, 50, 64, 69, 75, 173Bhattacharya, Dhananjay, 222Bhattacharya, Dipankar, 205Bhattacharya, Dipten, 165Bhattacharya, L, 92Bhattacharya, M, 170, 171Bhattacharya, Madhubrata, 42Bhattacharya, Mishreyee, 179Bhattacharya, R, 40, 67, 71, 74, 172Bhattacharya, Radha, 219, 248Bhattacharya, RK, 243Bhattacharya, S, 25, 43, 45–47, 65, 67–69, 71, 74, 75, 92,97, 99Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, 289Bhattacharya, Sudeb, 7, 60, 61, 66, 70, 73, 75, 290, 291Bhattacharya, T, 67Bhattacharyya Malyasri, 238Bhattacharyya, Abhijit, 17–19Bhattacharyya, D, 177, 239, 252Bhattacharyya, Dhananjay, 210–213, 239, 241, 242, 251,254, 255, 257, 258Bhattacharyya, Dipankar, 204, 249, 251Bhattacharyya, G, 7, 8, 19Bhattacharyya, Gautam, 29, 32, 34Bhattacharyya, Krishnendu, 195Bhattacharyya, M, 154, 252, 254Bhattacharyya, Malyasri, 211, 238, 239, 256Bhattacharyya, Nitai P, 198–201, 238, 239, 241–246, 248–255, 257, 290Bhattacharyya, P, 129, 134, 189Bhattacharyya, Ramitendranath, 188, 193–195Bhattacharyya, RK, 239Bhattacharyya, SR, 164, 165, 168, 171–173, 180Bhattacharyya, Tanaya, 2, 17Bhaumik, A, 171Bhaumik, Asim, 152Bhaumik, Kamales, 93, 97–101Bhaumik, S, 241Bhowal, S, 69, 71Bhowmik, Pallab, 208Bhowmik, R, 43Bhowmik, RK, 46, 65, 67, 69, 71, 74, 92, 97, 99Bhowmik, RN, 116, 118, 123, 124, 132, 133, 135Bhunia, S, 169Bhushan, KG, 175Bichler, Max, 244Biermanns, A, 177Bisinger, T, 243Biswas, Anis, 108, 109, 132, 137Biswas, Indranil, 259Biswas, M, 40–42, 66, 71, 74Biswas, S, 69, 114, 174Biswas, Saikat, 75Biswas, Sampa, 206, 207, 236, 237, 245, 250, 256Biswas, Subhajit, 53, 55, 57, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73Biswas, Subhrajyoti, 97Biswas, Subir, 186, 192Blahova, O, 194Blot, C, 170, 172Blumenfeld, Y, 73Blumlein, J, 25Bondyopadhaya, Nilanjan, 19Boothroyd, AT, 132Boragno, C, 171Boretzky, B, 72Boretzky, K, 38, 44, 63, 65Borge, MJG, 69Bose (neé Chowdhury), Adity, 222, 223Bose, Adity, 242, 251, 252Bose, Anirban, 187–189, 192–194Bose, C V Ananda, 289Bose, S, 64, 99Bose, Suvendu Nath, 75, 87–89, 290, 291Bostan, M, 43Brüchle, W, 240Brahmachari, Biswajoy, 19Brahmachari, SS, 63, 66Brodsky, SJ, 19, 22Brondi, A, 43Brown, JA, 68Buatier de Mongeot, F, 171Buda, R, 240Budaev, VP, 193Bursik, J, 194Bursikova, V, 194Buss, Oliver, 14, 20

Index 309Butler, P, 44, 67, 68Buzio, R, 171Byrski, T, 43Brger, S, 240Carstanjen, HD, 134Carstoiu, F, 68Cederkaell, J, 44, 67, 68Celikovic, I, 43Chakrabarti, Abhijit, 202–205, 238–240, 245, 246, 249–251, 255, 256Chakrabarti, Asok Mohan, 289Chakrabarti, Bikas K, 128–139Chakrabarti, Chandana, 207, 236–238, 245, 248, 250, 255Chakrabarti, D, 18, 19, 22Chakrabarti, Haimanti, 105, 133Chakrabarti, Jaydeb, 210, 213Chakrabarti, K, 55Chakrabarti, Nikhil, 186, 187, 192–196Chakrabarti, O, 165, 173Chakrabarti, Sayan, 4, 20Chakrabarty, A, 112Chakrabarty, Manas, 237, 242Chakrabarty, Tridib, 219Chakraborty, A, 45, 48, 65, 67, 71, 74Chakraborty, Amit, 202, 240Chakraborty, Anutosh, 243Chakraborty, D, 20, 249Chakraborty, Debashis, 2Chakraborty, H, 242Chakraborty, Madhumita, 203, 246Chakraborty, Manas, 222, 251Chakraborty, N, 232, 237, 239, 247Chakraborty, P, 154, 171, 172Chakraborty, PK, 215, 237, 238, 241, 242, 246, 253Chakraborty, Prabir, 215Chakraborty, Prabir Kumar, 253Chakraborty, Purnendu, 15–18, 20–22Chakraborty, Purushottam, 154, 161–163, 169–171, 173–180Chakraborty, S, 239Chakraborty, Sibani, 237, 245, 250Chakraborty, Somnath, 45Chakraborty, Sovan, 12Chakraborty, Sudipa, 202Chakraborty, Supratic, 96–99Chakraborty, Sutapa, 199Chakravarti, Soumya, 20Chakravarty, D, 135Chakravorty, AK, 97Chakravorty, D, 165Chakravvarti, Soumya, 14Chanda, S, 74Chandra, D, 152, 171Chandra, S, 238, 241Chandra, Sharmila, 203, 205, 240, 250Chandrasekar, K, 20Chandrasekaran, 117Chandrasekaran, V, 135Chapman, R, 43Chatterjee, A, 39, 40, 66, 67, 128–130, 132–135Chatterjee, BK, 75Chatterjee, Debarati, 9, 10, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 32Chatterjee, Jayita , 132Chatterjee, JM, 58, 69, 71Chatterjee, Malay, 219Chatterjee, MB, 65Chatterjee, S, 66, 89, 99Chatterjee, Suchandra, 237Chatterjee, Sujib, 38, 45, 69Chatterji, T, 113, 133Chattopadhyay, Amitabha, 238, 239Chattopadhyay, B, 121, 136, 238, 241, 248, 249Chattopadhyay, M, 189, 192Chattopadhyay, S, 69, 71, 75, 92, 97–100, 172Chattopadhyay, Sudeshna, 154, 155, 157, 170, 171, 173,176Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, 87–89, 100, 290Chaturvedi, L, 65, 67Chaudhuri, BB, 278Chaudhuri, K, 243Chaudhuri, Manis, 186, 192Chaudhuri, S, 174Chaudhuri, Subhadra, 53, 55, 57, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 135Chaudhuri, Sudip, 219, 220, 239, 242, 244, 246, 251–253Chiba, M, 66Chini, Tapas Kumar, 181Chini, TK, 154, 164, 167–173, 175, 177, 180Choubey, Sandhya, 6, 20Choudhuri, Keya, 250Choudhuri, SK, 241Choudhury, A, 249Choudhury, Ananyo, 198, 252–254Choudhury, Debi, 207, 245Choudhury, Hirok, 20Choudhury, P, 114, 134Choudhury, Utpal, 248Chowdhury, Adity, 239, 245, 246Chowdhury, J, 126, 133Chowdhury, S, 185, 190, 193, 194Chulkov, LV, 69Ciccalo, Corrado, 89Coenen, HH, 243Corradi, L, 43Cortina, D, 65Courtin, S, 43Cousin, F, 153Cowsik, R, 11, 22Curien, D, 43Dörr, M, 123Daillant, J, 146, 153, 155, 170, 172, 173, 175Dalgliesh, RM, 170, 173Damljanovic, V, 133Das Gupta, Srirupa, 12Das, A, 130–133, 136, 224Das, Ajoy, 237, 254Das, AN, 126, 127, 132–135

310 Biennial Report 2005-07Das, Avijit, 155, 169Das, Ayan, 229, 253Das, BP, 63, 66Das, D, 99, 183, 189, 190Das, Dipankar, 87–89Das, Dwijendranath, 64Das, I, 99, 132, 135–137, 173, 225, 241Das, Indranil, 87–89, 100, 107–110, 137–139Das, Ipsita, 190Das, J, 210, 239, 252, 254Das, JJ, 14, 20, 67, 71Das, Kausik, 136Das, Mala, 64, 73, 75Das, MB, 51, 52, 65, 67, 72, 76Das, N, 121, 242Das, Nisith K, 18, 20Das, P, 175, 239, 241Das, PK, 49, 50, 64Das, S, 110–112, 134, 138, 237Das, SK, 190Das, Soumen, 135Dasgupta, Brahmananda, 188, 193, 194Dasgupta, Chanchal K, 201Dasgupta, Dipak, 214, 236, 237, 241, 242, 244–246, 251,254, 258Dasgupta, Jhimli, 207–209, 238, 240Dasgupta, M, 39Dasgupta, Swagata, 223, 251, 254Dash, S, 147, 148, 150, 170, 175Dasmahapatra, B, 45, 67–69, 71, 74Datar, VM, 14, 20Datta Pramanik, U, 38, 43–45, 63, 65, 67–78Datta Samanta, Titil, 234, 243Datta, A, 151, 169, 170, 172, 173Datta, Alok K, 206, 243Datta, Alokmay, 154–157, 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 178–180Datta, D, 164, 165, 173Datta, DP, 167, 170, 172, 173, 177Datta, J, 157Datta, P, 69, 71, 92, 97, 99Datta, Poppy, 202, 240, 255Datta, Pradip, 87–89Datta, Rupak, 243Datta, SK, 39, 40, 71, 74Dattagupta, JK, 206–209, 236–241, 245, 250, 253, 290Dattagupta, R, 278Dattagupta, S, 120Dattagupta, Sushanta, 118Davids, B, 68Davinson, T, 44Dayal, RK, 173de Angelis, G, 43De France, G, 43De Raychaudhury, Molly, 118De, A, 173, 174, 225, 226, 241, 243De, Amitabha, 124, 137, 224, 225, 237, 240, 248, 254De, Asit K, 2, 3, 18, 27, 29, 30, 290De, Gautam, 45, 71De, S, 226, 237De, SK, 225, 226, 237, 240De, Sukanta, 240De, Udayan, 56De-Raychaudhury, M, 120Debnath, Dilip, 259Debnath, K, 178Debnath, Sushanta, 215Deiwiks, J, 172Delama, F, 73Della Vedova, F, 43Deo, A, 45Deshmukh, PC, 173Devi, P Grihanjali, 214, 236, 237, 242, 244–246, 254Dey, A, 65Dey, Ashis, 225, 240Dey, CC, 57, 63, 66, 69, 71Dey, Debarati, 222, 223, 242, 251, 252Dey, G, 74Dey, Gautam, 45Dey, Paramita, 29Dey, S, 69, 243Dey, Sambaran, 216Dey, Sanjib, 218, 246, 253Dey, Sucharita, 201Dhal, A, 65, 67Dhanaraj, M, 238Dhiman, SK, 14, 18, 20Dingankar, MV, 238, 246, 247Djourelov, N, 172Djourelov, Nikolay, 67Doerner, RP, 164, 173Dolai, Subhankar, 243Dorvaux, O, 43Dressler, R, 240Duca, V Del, 25Duchen, G, 43Dupuis, N, 128, 135Durell, JL, 68Dutt-Mazumder, AK, 18, 88, 90, 91, 97–99, 101Dutta Choudhury, Sharmistha, 221, 223, 237, 240, 242,244–246, 251, 254, 255Dutta Roy, Binayak, 69Dutta, Binita, 227Dutta, Dhanadeep, 66, 69, 76Dutta, N, 240Dutta, Pradip, 100Dutta, Suman, 215Dvinson, T, 68Dvorak, J, 240Dllmann, Ch E, 240Eberhardt, K, 240Eberth, J, 44, 67, 68Eichler, B, 240Eichler, R, 240Ekstrom, A, 44, 67, 68Elze, Th W, 65, 69Emling, H, 38, 44, 65, 69, 72

Index 311Engemann, J, 183Erduran, N, 43Erich, E, 73Ertl, K, 164, 173Erturk, S, 43Faestermann, Thomas, 244Fahlander, C, 44, 67, 68Fallot, M, 44, 65, 72Fang, DQ, 66Farnea, E, 43Faul, T, 43Fauth, F, 113, 133Ferrari, S, 171Figge, H Mayer, 133Fioretto, E, 43Firpo, G, 171Fischer, B, 69Folden, Ch M, 240Forssen, C, 69Fortier, S, 73Fragla, Z, 194Franchoo, S, 43, 44, 68Franta, D, 194Frontzek, M, 123Fujimoto, J, 23Gadea, A, 43Gales, S, 73Galonsky, A, 68Ganesan, V, 54, 170, 172Gangopadhyay, Debarshi, 69Gangopadhyay, G, 42, 66, 69Gangopadhyay, R, 173, 174, 224, 225, 243Gangopadhyay, Rupali, 137Ganguly, B, 172Ganguly, Bichitra, 52, 67, 69, 70, 75–78Ganguly, BN, 66Ganguly, G, 45, 71, 74Ganguly, S, 45–47, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74Garai, Gautam, 278Garg, U, 65, 67Gasques, LR, 39Gayathri, N, 147, 148, 150, 170, 171, 173, 175Gayen, Sirshendu, 151, 176Geissel, H, 38, 44, 65, 69, 72Genevey, JA, 68George, RP, 173Georgiev, G, 44, 68Geue, T, 170Ghosal, Ambar, 7, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 75Ghose, D, 158, 160, 164, 172, 173, 177, 178, 191Ghose, Debasis, 18, 20Ghose, S, 170Ghosh U, 239, 242Ghosh, Aditi, 193Ghosh, Amit, 6, 17, 18, 20Ghosh, Ayanjit, 244Ghosh, B, 113, 114, 133, 134, 165Ghosh, BG, 112Ghosh, Binita, 161, 169, 173, 175–178Ghosh, Biswatosh, 132Ghosh, Kalpita, 230–232, 247, 248, 250, 252, 254Ghosh, Kingshuk, 229, 253Ghosh, Kuntal, 93–95, 97–101Ghosh, Mita, 218Ghosh, Nandita, 237Ghosh, Pradip Narayan, 289Ghosh, R, 58, 69Ghosh, Raka, 206, 207, 238, 245, 248, 250Ghosh, S, 172Ghosh, Sanjay K, 15, 17–20Ghosh, Sanjib, 222, 251Ghosh, SK, 39, 74Ghosh, TK, 92, 97, 99Ghosh, U, 199, 238, 243, 255Ghoshal, Tandra, 57Ghoshray, A, 105, 106, 132, 134–136, 291Ghoshray, K, 105, 106, 132, 134–136, 138, 139Ghugre, SS, 45, 65, 67, 71, 74Gibaud, A, 159Giglia, Angelo, 155, 156Giri, Kalyan, 251, 252Giri, Rajendra, 38, 45Gmelin, E, 134Golda, KS, 40, 71, 74Gomes, Antony, 241Gomes, Aparna, 241Gongopadhyay, R, 241Gopal, J, 173Gopal, Judy, 149, 171Gopalakrishnan, V, 247Gopalan, R, 117, 135Gorka, M, 44Gorska, M, 67, 68Goswami (Nag), Alakananda, 217, 250Goswami, A, 45–47, 67–71, 73, 74, 92, 97Goswami, R, 65, 67Govil, IM , 65Govindarajan, TR, 19Gowrishankar, J, 259Gregorich, KE, 240Grenzer, J, 168, 172, 173, 177Grigorian, S, 172, 173, 175, 177Guha, Shantanu, 64Guin, Partha Sarathi, 227, 247, 248Gupta, A, 170, 240Gupta, D, 58, 65, 69Gupta, Kumar S, 2–4, 19, 20, 22, 32Gupta, LC, 123, 132Gupta, M, 170Gupta, Nayantara, 11Guzdar, PN, 187, 193Gggeler, HW, 240Habs, D, 67, 68Haenssler, F, 240Hammache, F, 73

312 Biennial Report 2005-07Hansen, A, 131, 132Haridas, G, 235Harindranath, A, 2, 3, 18, 19, 22, 33Harlander, R, 25Hassen, A, 112, 114, 115, 133, 134Hati, Amiya K, 201Hazra, S, 151, 159, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178Hellstroem, M, 44, 65, 72Hellstrom, M, 65, 69Hiess, A, 123Hildenbrand, KD, 63Hilgers, K, 243Hinde, DJ, 39Hippler, R, 164, 172, 173Hjorth-Jensen, M, 44, 68Hoffmann, DC, 240Hono, K, 135Horiuchi, Ritoku, 187, 193Horoi, M, 68Hossain, Z, 132Hui, AK, 185, 190, 193, 194Hummrich, H, 240Hurst, A, 44, 67, 68Huyse, M, 67Ilgenfritz, Ernst-Michael, 17, 19Inoue, J-I, 130–132Irfan, Md, 87–89, 99Isakov, 134Islam, AKM Maidul, 178Iwasa, N, 66Iyengar, ANS, 194, 290Jain, HC, 45, 69, 71, 92, 97, 99Jaman, AI, 124, 125, 134–138, 290Jana, S, 99Jana, Shampa, 87–89Janaki, Mylavarapu Sita, 187–190, 192–195, 291Jasek, J, 194Jena, AK, 247Jha, V, 40, 66Jhingan, A, 14, 20, 65, 67, 71John, NS, 170, 173Jones, KL, 44, 65, 72Jonson, B, 69Joshi, PK, 71, 92, 97, 99Jger, E, 240Kailas, S, 38–40, 66, 67, 71, 74Kaiser, MS, 69Kakodkar, Anil, 289Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N, 63Kalavathi, S, 173Kalita, K, 67Kanjilal, Debasmita, 45, 64, 73, 75Kannai, Suresh, 219Kanungo, R, 66Kar, Kamales, 6, 7, 12, 14, 20, 22, 25–27, 33, 290Kar, S, 174Kar, Soumitra, 55, 57, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73Karmakar, P, 172Karmakar, S, 51, 52, 65, 67, 72, 76Karmakar, SN, 126, 133, 136, 137Karmakar, Subhajit, 93, 94, 98Kavitha, G, 173Kaw, PK, 187, 193, 289Kawai, Yoshinobu, 132Keimer, B, 133Kelkar, Devaki A, 238, 239Kester, O, 67Khamrui, Susmita, 207–209, 238, 240, 258Khan, Iftikar Ahmed, 88, 89, 99Khan, SA, 170, 172Khatak, HS, 173Khiem, LH, 65Kim, C, 55Kim, Yong Baek, 134Kimura, K, 66Kis, M, 63Kisiel, Z, 134Klapetek, P, 194Klimkiewicz, A, 44, 65, 72Knie, Klaus, 244Kobdaj, C, 26Kodaria, J, 23Kolata, JJ, 68Komori, F, 173, 174Konovalov, O, 155, 173Koripella, Siv Chand, 242Korschinek, Gunther, 226, 240, 244, 247Kosa, M, 123Kosower, D, 25Kost, F, 164, 173Kratz, JV, 44, 65, 69, 72, 240Kreyssig, A, 123Krimmel, A, 133Krishan, K, 65Krishichayan, 45, 65, 67, 71, 74Kshetri, Ritesh, 38, 43, 45–48, 67–71, 73, 74Kuczewski, B, 240Kulessa, R, 44, 65, 72Kulkarni, GU, 155, 157, 170, 173Kulkarni, RG, 14, 20Kumar, CB Mahendra, 219Kumar, MC, 8, 22Kumar, N, 170Kumar, R, 43, 46, 67, 69, 71, 92, 97, 99Kumar, Rajeev, 195Kumar, Rajesh, 56Kumar, S, 45, 67, 132Kumar, Vijay, 235Kumar, Vinod, 235Kundu, Anjan, 20–22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 34, 35Kundu, Ashish, 135Kundu, S, 65, 153, 157, 160, 161, 170, 172Kundu, Sarathi, 151, 170, 179, 181Kundu, Srinanda, 67Kundu, TK, 214, 236

Index 313Kurian, Pushpa Ann, 161Kurkcuoglu, S, 19Kurup, MB, 54Kutschera, Walter, 244Lahiri, A, 249Lahiri, Ansuman, 198, 252–254Lahiri, Samir K, 72Lahiri, Shibojyoti, 214, 254Lahiri, Susanta, 226–234, 236–244, 247–250, 252–255,257, 258, 260, 290Lakshmanan, M, 20Langridge, S, 170, 173Lapicki, G, 49Laskar, Subrata, 234, 241, 243Latha, Sree, 247Leifels, Y, 44, 65, 72Leiner, V, 173Lenske, H, 13, 21Liebe, D, 240Lima, V, 73Linsmeier, Ch, 164, 173Loewenhaupt, M, 123Loidl, A, 133Losada, M, 7, 19Lu, Jian-Xin, 4, 5, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24Luzet, D, 155, 170, 172, 173M Mukherjee, 179, 180Ma, Ernest, 19Madhavan, N, 14, 20, 65, 67, 71, 92, 97, 99Madhusudhana, PV, 71Maeda, K, 66Mahapatra, Satyabrata, 173Mahata, K, 40, 63, 66, 67Mahne, Nichole, 155, 156Maiti, HS, 173Maiti, Jyotirmoy, 2, 3, 18Maiti, M, 134, 135, 238, 243, 246, 249Maiti, Moitri, 127, 128Maiti, Moumita, 235, 238, 240, 242, 247, 255, 256Maiti, Santanu K, 126, 133Maitra, Minakshi, 56Maity, Amit Kumar, 253Maity, Anup Kumar, 217Maity, Dipankar, 133Maity, Shyam Sundar, 222Maji, Samir, 226, 238, 240, 242, 244, 247, 255Maji, Sanjib, 137, 224, 243Majumdar, A, 173Majumdar, Chandan, 132Majumdar, Debasish, 6, 7, 14, 20, 22–28, 33, 75Majumdar, Durjoy, 240Majumdar, H, 40, 41, 67, 71, 74Majumdar, Nayana, 58–62, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74–76Majumdar, P, 252, 254Majumdar, R, 173Majumdar, S, 22Majumdar, Subhabrata, 11Majumder, D, 238Majumder, DN, 240Majumder, Durjoy, 248, 256Majumder, H, 68Majumder, P, 241Majumder, Parijat, 213, 214, 236, 254Majumder, Pritha, 198, 200, 239, 249, 251–255Mal, NK, 152, 171Malherbe, Johan, 163Mallick, D, 173Manchanda, VK, 250Mandal, A, 173Mandal, AC, 49, 50, 76Mandal, Bhabani Prasad, 17Mandal, K, 67Mandal, Kalyan, 73Mandal, PC, 242Mandal, Prabhat, 111–115, 132–134, 139Mandal, S, 43, 71Manfredi, VR, 14, 20Manivannan, N, 132Marginean, N, 43Marick, Chandranath, 64, 75Marras, Davide, 89Martinovic, Lubomir, 18Mathews, Prakash, 8, 9, 18, 21–23, 25, 27–29, 32, 34Mathiyarasu, R, 247Matsuno, H, 193Mazumdar, A, 69Mazumdar, Chandan, 118, 120–123, 132, 136, 137, 140Mazumdar, I, 38, 40, 45Mazumdar, Suparna, 97Mazumder, A, 241Mazzoldi, P, 173Meichsner, H, 173Meister, M, 69Meljanac, Stjepan, 2, 22Melko, R, 134Menelle, Alain, 153, 175Menon, KSR, 169Michelsen, Poul, 186Michor, H, 123Middya, TR, 56Mino, H, 174Mishra, P, 158, 160, 172, 173, 178Mitra, A, 242, 252, 254Mitra, Abhijit, 210Mitra, AK, 58, 69Mitra, D, 49, 50, 64, 65, 69, 75Mitra, Debasis, 74Mitra, MK, 54, 55, 73Mitra, Parthasarathi, 5, 6, 17, 18, 20–22, 28Mitra, Somenath, 64Mitra, Subarna, 67, 73Mohanty, B, 90Mohapatra, Satyabrata, 161Mondal, MH, 178Mondal, Nagendra Nath, 52, 76Mondal, PK, 75

314 Biennial Report 2005-07Mookerjee Basu, J, 241Mookerjee, A, 241Moreau, G, 8, 19Mosel, U, 13, 14, 20, 21Moulik, Aditi, 200Muehlich, Pascal, 14, 20Muenzenberg, G, 38Mukadam, MD, 175Mukerjee, Smita, 156Mukherjee (Nee Chakraborty), S, 243Mukherjee, A, 19, 22, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45–47, 65, 67–69, 71,74, 201Mukherjee, Anjali, 70Mukherjee, B, 71Mukherjee, CD, 55Mukherjee, G, 46, 47, 68, 74Mukherjee, M, 152, 153, 157, 165, 169, 171–175, 178Mukherjee, N, 238Mukherjee, Rabibrata, 157Mukherjee, Rakhi, 48Mukherjee, S, 46, 47, 97, 171, 172, 174, 175, 178, 239,252, 254Mukherjee, Shayantani, 210, 239, 241, 255Mukherjee, Smita, 175, 178Mukherjee, Subhrangsu, 152, 153, 157Mukherjee, Swagato, 16, 22Mukherjee, Tamal K, 15, 20Mukherjee, Tapas, 69Mukhopadhyay, Atri, 237, 247Mukhopadhyay, Chaitali, 203, 239Mukhopadhyay, Debashis, 198, 200, 201, 204, 232, 249,251, 252, 254Mukhopadhyay, M, 172Mukhopadhyay, MK, 170, 173, 178Mukhopadhyay, S, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74–76Mukhopadhyay, Saikat, 200Mukhopadhyay, Soumik, 107, 110, 136, 137, 224, 243Mukhopadhyay, Supratik, 58–62, 75, 76Mukhopadhyaya, A, 238Mukul, Kabir, 210Mullick, Debopriya, 165Munzenberg, G, 65Muraleedharan, P, 149, 171, 173Muralithar, S, 43, 46, 65, 67, 69, 71, 74, 92, 97, 99Mustafa, Munshi Golam, 15–22Mydeen, K, 132Nadasen, A, 68Nag, Manaswita, 241Nagarajan, R, 116, 132, 133Nair, AGC, 250Nambissan, PMG, 53–57, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 78Nandi, KK, 21Nandi, Prithiwish, 135Nandy, M, 238Nandy, Maitreyee, 52, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242–244, 246,247, 249, 256–258Nannarone, Stefano, 155, 156Narayana, C, 173Narlikar, AV, 132Naskar, K, 241Nath, S, 14, 20, 65, 67, 71Navin, A, 14, 20Nayak, Dalia, 226–230, 232, 234, 237–241, 243, 247–251,253, 254, 256, 257Nayak, JK, 90, 91, 98, 99Nayak, MK, 235Nayak, TK, 23Niedermaier, O, 67Nieves, JF, 18, 23Nilsson, T, 67Nishimura, S, 66Nitsche, H, 240Nociforo, C, 44, 65, 66, 72Nowacki, F, 43Ohnishi, T, 66Ohno, N, 193Okamoto, M, 193Ozawa, A, 66Päs, H, 8, 19Pahari, B, 105, 106, 134–136, 138Pal, A, 112, 218Pal, AK, 216, 218Pal, Barnana, 104, 105, 132, 133Pal, Palash Baran, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28, 31, 290Pal, R, 232, 237, 247Pal, Rabindranath, 186, 192–195Pal, Ruma, 239, 241Pal, S, 92, 97, 99, 170, 237, 242Pal, Sanjoy, 87–89, 100Pal, SS, 173Pal, Sudipta, 155, 178, 214, 236, 244, 245, 254Palit, R, 38, 40, 44, 45, 65, 66, 72Palit, RJ, 235Panda, Subhendu K, 135Pandey, A, 120Pandey, Abhishek, 118, 135Pandey, D, 118, 120Pandit, Bhaswati, 250Panigrahi, Swati, 211Pankratov, IM , 193Pantea, M, 67Parida, MK, 19, 20Parkar, VV, 38–40, 67, 74Pati, SK, 173Pattabiraman, NS, 65, 67Paul, L, 87–89, 99Penfold, J, 170Piagge, R, 171Pietsch, U, 168, 170, 172, 173, 175, 177Piguet, D, 240Pillai, KT, 66Pinston, JA, 68Pivovarov, Grigorii B, 18Plachke, D, 134Poddar, A, 134, 224

Index 315Poddar, Asok, 121–124, 136, 137Ponraju, D, 150, 173, 175Popescu, L, 63Poul, Michelsen, 192Prabhakaran, D, 132Pradhan, MK, 38–41, 45, 67, 74Pradhan, Mukesh, 73Pradhan, S, 131, 132Pradhan, Suman Kalyan, 214, 236, 246, 251, 254Prager, M, 123Prasad, Rajendra, 56Prasad, Shiv Govind, 250, 251Pszczolkowski, L, 134Pujari, PK, 69Qaim, SM, 243Qin, Z, 240Raacke, J, 183Raha, Chitra, 221–223Raha, S, 69, 237, 238, 241, 242, 246, 253Raha, Sanghamitra, 215, 250, 252, 253, 256, 258Raha, Sibaji, 17, 18Rahaman, A, 136Rahman, A, 144, 145, 173, 174, 176, 178, 225, 241Raj, Baldev, 147–150, 170, 171, 173, 175Raja, M Manivel, 135Rajendran, Vijay Babu, 242Ram, A, 189Ramachandran, K, 39–41, 66, 67, 74Ramakumar, R, 126, 132, 134, 135Raman, Anand, 247Ramarao, NV, 117Ramaswami, A, 237, 239, 242Ramaswamy, Sriram, 134Rambabu, 185Rana, T, 65Ranganathan, R, 116–118, 120, 123, 132, 133, 135, 138,139, 290Raniwala, Sudhir, 16, 21Ranjeet, 43, 71Rao, CNR, 135, 146Rao, K, 7, 19Rao, NV Rama, 135Rao, PV Madhusudhana, 14, 20, 65, 67, 71, 92, 97, 99Rao, VR, 170Rao, VV Mallikarjuna, 289, 290Rasmussen, Jens Juul, 186, 192Rathi, S, 40, 66Ratnam, Charu, 22Raut, R, 45–47, 68, 71, 74Raut, Rajarshi, 68–70Rautre, D, 171Ravindran, V, 8, 9, 18, 21–23, 25Ray Basu, M, 45, 48, 71, 74Ray, A, 14, 20Ray, Ambarish, 133Ray, Doel, 215Ray, I, 38, 43, 45–47, 67, 68, 71, 74Ray, Indrani, 48, 69, 71Ray, M, 38, 45, 68, 74Ray, Nihar Ranjan, 183, 185, 189, 190, 193–196, 250, 251Ray, Prabhat Kr, 227, 247Ray, Rajarshi, 15, 16, 20, 22Ray, S, 39, 40, 65–68, 74Ray, Sibdas, 227, 247Ray, Sibnath, 238Ray, SN, 235Raychaudhuri, A, 7, 19Raychaudhuri, Amitava, 7, 289Raychaudhuri, Santwana, 104, 132, 185, 190, 193–195Raychaudhuri, Swasti, 198, 201, 251, 252Raychaudhury, Mithu, 200Reddy, AVR, 250Rengaraj, R, 238Rieth, U, 240Riley, D, 113, 133Roberts, DA, 68Rogollet du Toit, C, 63Ronningen, RM, 68Rossi, D, 63Roth, J, 164, 173Rotter, M, 123Roy Choudhury, Subhasree, 241Roy Chowdhury, P, 41, 42, 65, 66, 68–75Roy, A, 183, 194, 252, 254Roy, Anushree, 193Roy, Ashim, 211Roy, B, 110, 111, 134, 138Roy, BJ, 40, 66Roy, Indrani, 45, 70, 73Roy, Kamalika, 227, 228, 231, 232, 234, 241, 247–250,252, 254Roy, M, 199, 239, 243Roy, Madhusudan, 96–99, 101Roy, P, 90Roy, Pradip, 18, 87, 88, 91, 92, 97–99, 101Roy, Rajarshi, 219Roy, S, 38, 39, 67, 69, 74, 92, 99, 241Roy, Santanu, 216, 250, 253Roy, Santosh, 100Roy, SC, 75Roy, Shibaji, 4, 5, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 31Roy, SN, 240, 242, 247, 256Roy, Subinit, 40–42, 58, 66, 71, 74, 77, 78Roy, Subir, 169Roy, Sumana, 207Roy, T, 249Roy, Tapan K, 219, 248Roy, TK, 2, 20Roychoudhury, Paromita, 243, 250Roychowdhury, P, 40Rugel, Georg, 244Rzaca-Urban, T, 47, 68Sachdeva, A, 69Saha Sarkar, M, 38, 39, 43, 45–48, 65, 67–72, 74, 77, 92,97

316 Biennial Report 2005-07Saha, Abhijit, 157Saha, AK, 232, 247Saha, B, 241Saha, Biswajit, 162, 174, 176, 178Saha, Partha, 216–218, 239, 242, 245, 246, 250, 253, 256,259Saha, R, 65Saha, RK, 97Saha, S, 64, 67, 69, 73, 75, 77Saha, Satyajit, 291Saha, SK, 69, 185, 190, 191, 193–195Saha, Somdutta, 213Saha, Sutapa, 205Saha-Dasgupta, T, 120Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri, 118Sahani, PK, 235Sahin, E, 43Sahu, N, 11, 21Sakakibara, T, 173Samanta, Abhijit, 7, 75Samanta, C, 40–42, 63, 65, 66, 68–77Samanta, Dibyendu, 201Samanta, Shaonly, 219Samanta, Sudipta, 210, 213Samanta, T, 135Samanta, Tapas, 110Samsarov, Andjelo, 2, 22Santra, S, 38–40, 49, 69, 74, 75Santra, Sumita, 76Sanyal, Abhijit, 89, 96, 101, 102Sanyal, Milan K, 144–146, 151, 154, 155, 166, 168–179,225, 241, 290Sardar, Anupama, 215Sardar, M, 170, 171, 175Sarkar, I, 146, 171, 174–176, 178Sarkar, M, 49, 50, 58, 64, 69, 75, 76, 78, 242Sarkar, MS, 67, 71Sarkar, Niranjan, 290Sarkar, P, 114Sarkar, PK, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242, 243, 246, 247, 249Sarkar, R, 75, 105, 106, 132, 134–136Sarkar, S, 45, 47, 48, 65, 67–69, 71, 74, 91, 99, 172Sarkar, Sandip, 93–95, 97–101Sarkar, Somosree, 251, 252Sarkar, Soumi, 232, 233, 242, 254Sarkar, Subhendu, 154, 170, 171, 176, 179Sarkar, Sukhendusekhar, 71, 74Sastry, DL, 14, 20Sastry, M, 171, 175Sathiyan, PV, 247Satpati, Biswarup, 170Saxena, Alok, 235Schäfer, J, 173Schausten, B, 240Scheit, H, 65–67Schimpf, E, 240Schiwietz, G, 168, 172Schmid, K, 164, 173Schnelle, W, 134Schuttauf, A, 63Schwalm, D, 67Schwarzenberg, J, 68Schdel, M, 240Sella, C, 159Semchenkov, A, 240Sen Gupta, S, 157Sen, A, 239Sen, AK, 136Sen, Ayusman, 259Sen, Banibrata, 206, 243Sen, Chandan K, 259Sen, D, 130, 133Sen, Diptiman, 2, 17Sen, K, 239Sen, Kakali, 241, 255Sen, P, 171, 178, 237, 238, 241, 246Sen, Pintu, 52, 54, 76, 124, 175, 224, 254Sen, Prasanta, 18, 20Sen, Prosenjit, 215, 256Sen, R, 54, 55, 73Sen, S, 3, 4, 22, 99Sen, Souvik, 232Sen, Swapan, 93–95, 98, 290Sen, Udayaditya, 207–209, 236, 238–241, 253, 259Sengupta, A, 203, 241, 246Sengupta, Amitava, 205Sengupta, Bidisa, 236, 239, 242, 244, 251–253Sengupta, K, 127, 128, 130, 132–135Sengupta, Pradeep K, 219–221, 236, 239, 242, 244, 246,251–254, 257, 259Sengupta, Tamal, 245, 246, 255Senthilvelan, M, 20Shanbhag, AA, 249Sharan, MK, 75Sharma, Ashutosh, 157Sharma, DN, 247Sharma, PS, 238, 246, 247Sharma, RK, 132Sheldrick, WS, 133Shivashankar, GV, 259Shrivastava, A, 41, 67, 74Shyam, Radhey, 12–14, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 31, 35, 290Shyjumon, I, 164Sil, S, 127, 133, 135Sil, SS, 183, 189Simon, H, 38, 44, 63, 65, 66, 69, 72Simpson, GS, 68Singh, A, 153, 171, 174, 175, 179Singh, F, 56Singh, Harvendra, 19, 21, 23–26, 28, 32Singh, R, 14, 20, 67, 187, 193Singh, RP, 43, 46, 65, 67, 69, 71, 74, 92, 97, 99Singha, A, 183, 193, 194Sinha, AK, 14, 20, 45, 65, 67, 71, 74Sinha, B, 23, 91, 98, 99, 252, 254Sinha, BC, 99Sinha, Bhabdyuti, 242Sinha, Bikash, 17–20, 23–30, 34, 289–291

Index 317Sinha, M, 41, 74Sinha, Mandira, 40, 67, 68, 71, 74Sinha, Mithun, 199Sinha, NK, 150, 173, 175Sinha, P, 247Sinha, Pratima, 228Sinha, RK, 65, 67Sinha, S, 128, 135Sinha, Suman, 67Sinha, T, 99Sinha, Tilak, 2, 3, 18, 29Sinha, Tinku, 87–89, 100Sletten, G, 67, 68Smirnov, BM, 164Smith, AG, 68Soumitra Kar, 53Soverna, S, 240Spadoni, S, 171Sridhar, K, 7, 9, 18, 19Srivastava, A, 40, 66Srivastava, AK, 185Stefanescu, I, 68Steier, Peter, 244Steiner, M, 68Stinchcombe, RB, 130–132Struth, B, 170, 172Subhadra Chaudhuri, 53Subhajit Biswas, 53Subotic, K, 68Suda, T, 66Sudhakar, P Padmaja, 247Sudowe, R, 240Suebka, P, 26Suemmerer, K, 38, 44, 65, 72Sugathan, P, 14, 20, 65, 67, 71Sukanya, S, 249Sukla, P, 40, 66Sumathi, S, 241Summerer, K, 65, 66Sundaresan, R, 135Sunil, C, 235, 238, 243, 246, 247, 249Suzuki, T, 66, 172Suzuki, Takenori, 67Syam, D, 69Takagi, M, 193Takamura, S, 193Takasugi, Eiichi, 17, 19Takeyama, Sojiro, 146, 174Talapatra, A, 54, 171, 175, 178Talukdar, Pinaki, 260Talukder, Srabani, 201Tanihata, I, 66Tarafdar, S, 56Team, NMITLI-BioSuite, 243Thakkar, KK, 235Thakurta, Piyali Guha, 255Thoma, Markus H, 15–22Thomas, RG, 39Thrle, P, 240Toki, Hiroshi, 17, 19Toma, A, 171Trautmann, N, 240Tripathi, A, 25Tripathi, S, 120Tripathi, Saurabh, 118Tripathi, V, 40, 66, 67Tryggestadt, E, 73Tyagi, AK, 147–150, 170, 171, 173, 175Typel, S, 65, 66Trler, A, 240Uematsu, T, 23Ulrich, C, 133Urban, W, 68, 71Urban, Waldemar, 47Usai, Gianluca, 89Valbusa, U, 171van de Walle, J, 68van Duppen, P, 67, 68van Neerven, WL, 9, 18Vanji, MK, 132Varadwaj, PR, 134, 136, 137Varshney, Atul, 190Varughese, T, 14, 20, 67Vary, James P, 18, 19, 22Veenhof, Rob, 60, 75Vencelj, M, 63Venugopal, V, 206, 212, 243Verma, S, 67Vijayan, C, 161, 173Viyogi, YP, 75Vockenhuber, Christof, 244Voigt, J, 123von Zweidorf, A, 240Wallner, Anton, 244Walus, W, 44, 65, 66, 72Wang, Q, 66Warner, RE, 68Warr, N, 67, 68Webster, J, 170Weick, H, 65, 66Weiler, TJ, 8, 19Weisshaar, D, 67, 68Wenander, F, 68Wessel, S, 134Wiehl, N, 240Wierczinski, B, 240Wierczinski, Birgit, 226, 240Wilk, PA, 240Wiltner, A, 164, 173Wirth, G, 240Wolff, Max, 151Wortche, H, 63Wu, C, 66Xiao, G, 172

318 Biennial Report 2005-07Yajnik, U, 11, 21Yakhmi, JV, 175Yakushev, AB, 240Yamada, K, 66Yamaguchi, Y, 66Yan, Y, 26Yang, KS, 55Yarlagadda, Sudhakar, 290Yogi, BK, 67Yoshida, A, 66Yusuf, SM, 114, 171, 175Zabel, Hartmut, 151Zajikova, L, 194Zank, Gary P, 188, 193, 194Zhang, Y-Z, 21Zheng, T, 66