The industrial Revolution - Universitat per a Majors

Preparation for clerical work was more clearly associated with the regulareducation system. In the late 19th century evening schools wereestablished to prepare students for employment as clerks, cashiers andbook-keepers. Later secretarial schools were made necessary by theinvention of the typewriter and the use of shorthand. Nowadays trainingfor office work is done after recruitment.For the new technology, theoretical understanding and skills were neededfor which universities made no provision. The French École Polytechniquewas established in 1794 and was the earliest attempt to meet theserequirements. The École Polytechnique soon became a great scientific andtechnological institution and was the first of the great professional schools(grandes écoles), peculiar to France.The École Polytechnique still exists with each profession having its ownschool; for example, the School of Mines, the School of Roads andbridges, the National School of Agriculture and, more recent creations, theSchool of Aeronautics and the National School of Administration. Specialpreparation is needed to be admitted to any of these schools.École Polytecnique26