conductive hearing loss dictionary

Studies 7Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-FEB-2002Summary: (provided by applicant): Chronic otitis media with and withoutcholesteatoma can lead to conductive as well as sensorineural hearing loss as the resultof inflammatory bone resorption in the middle ear. Conductive hearing loss iscommonly caused by erosion of the ossicles resulting from the inappropriate activationof osteoclasts. A number of factors regulate osteoclast development and activationincluding hormones, growth factors and cytokines. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has beenshown to play a role in osteoclast activation. NO is a short-lived neutral free radical gassynthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Themechanism by which nitric oxide mediates osteoclast function is not well characterizedand the three known isoforms may have opposing effects. In neurons, NOS I hasextremely complex transcriptional and translational regulatory mechanisms involvingmultiple alternate splice variants, which are expressed in a stage and tissue specificmanner. Preliminary results in our laboratory demonstrate NOS I-/ -osteolcasts have anin vitro and in vivo phenotype, suggesting NOS I plays an important role in osteoclastfunction and that this role may be mediated by a unique splice variant of this enzyme.The specific aims of this proposal are 1) to identify the alternate splice variant(s)expressed in osteoclasts and 2) to initiate the characterization of the translated NOS Iprotein. In addition to providing a understanding of the molecular mechanismsunderlying cholesteatoma-induced bone resorption, the identification andcharacterization of unique transcriptional and translational NOS I regulatorymechanisms may facilitate the discovery of novel, osteoclast-specific pharmaceuticaltargets.Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen• Project Title: CLINICAL-HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF OTITISMEDIAPrincipal Investigator & Institution: Paparella, Michael M.; University of MinnesotaTwin Cities 200 Oak Street Se Minneapolis, Mn 554552070Timing: Fiscal Year 2002Summary: This abstract is not available.Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen• Project Title: DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY IN NORMAL AND IMPAIREDEARSPrincipal Investigator & Institution: Hall, Joseph W.; Professor; Otolaryngology/Head &Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Aob 104 Airport Drive Cb#1350Chapel Hill, Nc 27599Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-SEP-1986; Project End 31-AUG-2004Summary: The long-term aim of this project is an understanding of auditorydevelopment in normal children and in specific clinical popultions of children. Onemajor Study Area is the effect of otitis media on auditory development. The specific aimin this area is assessment of the hypothesis that children with a history of otitis mediahave particular impairment for the processing of speech under particular conditions:when binaural cues are available for masking release, and when the task is designedsuch that it is difficult to perceptually segregate the speech from masking interference.The second major Study Area assesses the nature of auditory processing deficiencies inchildren diagnosed with specific language impairment. One specific aim will be toevaluate the hypothesis that such listeners have explicit deficits in coding the temporal