male and female panel charts - Life Extension Foundation

MALE AND FEMALE PANEL CHARTSComplete Blood Count (CBC)Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesRed blood cell count Total number of red blood cells Blood loss High altitudeper volume of whole bloodHemorrhageCongenital heart diseaseBone marrow failureDeficiencies of iron, folate,or vitamins B6 or B12HemolysisCertain cancersCor pulmonalePolycythemia veraPulmonary fibrosisDehydrationHemoglobin Hemoglobin is the component Anemia Sickle cell anemiaof red blood cells that carriesoxygen and carbon dioxide Blood loss ThalassemiaScreens for anemia and Deficiencies of iron, folate, Transfusion reactionmay detect red blood cellor vitamins B6 or B12breakdown or hemolytic anemiaHemolysisDehydrationPolycythemia veraHigh altitudeHematocrit Measures proportion of Anemia Dehydrationred blood cells to plasmaBlood lossPolycythemia veraBone marrow failureHigh altitudeHemolysisCertain cancersDeficiencies of iron, folate,or vitamins B6 or B12CirrhosisMean corpuscular Calculates the size Microcytic anemia Macrocytic anemiavolume (MCV)of red blood cellsIron deficiencyFolic acid or B12 deficiencyDifferential diagnosis of anemiasThalassemiaAlcohol abuseScreen for occult alcoholism ssemia Hereditary spherocytosis

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesMean corpuscular Amount of hemoglobin Microcytic or normocytic anemia Macrocytic anemiahemoglobinper red blood cellIron deficiencyFolic acid or B12 deficiencyDifferential diagnosis of anemiasMean corpuscular Concentration of hemoglobin per Hypochromic anemia Hereditary spherocytosishemoglobin concentrationred blood cellIron deficiencyUsed for laboratory quality controlThalassemiaRBC distributionwidth (RDW)Measures size variability ofred blood cell populationDistinguishes iron-deficiencyanemia from anemia ofchronic diseaseImproves early detectionof iron, B12, or folate deficiencyNo subnormal valueshave been reportedRDW LOW NORMAL HIGHNormalHighMEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV)Anemia ofchronic diseaseIrondeficiencyAnemia ofChronic diseaseEarly deficiencyof iron, vitaminB12, or folateMyeloplasticsyndromeDeficiency ofiron, vitamin B12,or folateWhite blood cell count Measures total white blood cell Bone marrow failure Infectious diseasescomponent of whole blood(bacterial, viral, parasitic,or protozoal)Presence of toxic substanceInflammatory diseaseAutoimmune diseasesLeukemiaAplastic anemiaSevere emotional orLiver or spleen diseasephysical stressRadiation exposureTissue damageNeutrophils The first white blood cells Chronic infections Bacterial, viralto respond to infectionand parasitic infectionsBone marrow depressionEmotional and physical stressVitamin B12 orfolic acid deficiency Hypersensitivity reactionsSystemic lupus erythematosisDiabetic acidosisPolycythemia veraRheumatoid arthritis

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesLymphocytes Assesses immune function Chemotherapy Viral Infections:(eg., mononucleosis,Corticosteroidshepatitis, mumps,rubella, varicella)Congestive heart failureRecovery from acute infectionAplastic anemiaAddison’s diseaseMalignancyInflammatory bowel diseaseAIDSDrug hypersensitivityRenal failureMonocytes Monocytes provide a defense Rheumatoid arthritis Bacterial, viral, parasiticagainst infectious organismsor protozoal infectionsthrough the process ofPrednisone treatmentingestion, or phagocytosisLeukemia (AML, CML)High levels often signify infectionHodgkin’s andnon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaMyeloproliferative diseaseAutoimmune disordersEosinophils Eosinophils are usually Cushing’s syndrome Systemic parasiticfound in the tissuesinfestation or fungal infectionPresence in the blood usuallyindicates allergy or infectionFood allergiesHay fever, asthma,or allergiesPulmonary syndromesVascular diseasesImmune deficienciesDrug reactionsInflammationBasophils Often the first sign of blast Hyperthyroidism Chronic myelogenous leukemiacrisis or an accelerated phase ofchronic myelogenous leukemia Pregnancy Basophilic leukemiaPost irradiation or chemotherapyFollowingglucocorticoid administrationAcute phase of infectionPolycythemiaMyeloid metaplasiaHodgkin’s diseasePost-splenectomyChronic hemolytic anemiaChronic sinusitisVaricella, variola infectionsIonizing radiation

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesPlatelet count Platelets are necessary for Chemotherapy Post-splenectomy syndromenormal blood clotting,and counts may be Hemolytic anemia Primary thrombocytosisaffected by several disease statesHypersplenismCertain malignanciesIdiopathicthrombocytopenia purpuraVitamin B12 or folate deficiencyLeukemiaEarly chronicmyelogenous leukemiaPolycythemia veraRheumatoid arthritisChemistry PanelProsthetic heart valvesSequelae of massiveblood transfusionDisseminatedintravascular coagulationTest What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesGlucose, fasting Direct measure of glucose Pancreatic disorders Diabetes mellitusCommon evaluation of Endocrine disorders Increased circulatingdiabetes and hypoglycemia (e.g., early diabetes mellitus) epinephrine(e.g., due to emotion,Malnutritionburns, shock, anesthesia)Liver damage (alcoholism)Insulin overdoseHypoglycemiaAcute or chronic pancreatitisVitamin B1 deficiencyDrug interactionsUric acid Evaluation of gout, recurrent Overhydration Gouturinary stones, or kidney failureSevere liver damage Impaired kidney functionMalnutritionLow protein intakeLeukemiaDehydrationShockUrinary tract obstructionHigh protein intake

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesBUN (blood urea nitrogen) Measures liver function, Low protein intake Chronic renal diseaseprovides indirect assessmentof kidney function and Overhydration Urinary tract obstructionfiltration rateLiver diseaseCongestive heart failureMalnutritionCeliac diseaseAnabolic steroid useShockKetoacidosisDehydrationAcute myocardial infarctionBleeding from the GI tractMuscle wastingCreatinine Creatinine is a byproduct of Decreased muscle mass Impaired kidney functioncreatine phosphate breakdownfrom energy metabolism Liver disease High consumption of red meatEstimates kidney Inadequate dietary protein Muscle diseasesfiltration rate and follows(e.g., muscular dystrophy,progression of renal diseaseacromegaly, gigantism)More specific of renal diseasethan BUN – tests usedsimultaneously for morecomplete pictureCongestive heart failureDehydrationBUN/creatinine ratio Assesses kidney With low BUN: With normal creatinine:function, monitorsrenal disease Low-protein diet Heart failureStarvationOverhydrationSevere liver diseaseRepeated dialysisPregnancyWith high creatinine:Rhabdomyolysis(severe muscle injury)Muscular patients whodevelop renal failureSalt depletionDehydrationBlood lossCatabolic states(increased tissue breakdown)GI hemorrhageHigh protein intakeImpaired kidney functionDrug interactionsWith high creatinine:Postrenal azotemiaPrerenal azotemia

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesSodium Evaluates and monitors fluid Excessive fluid loss Dehydrationand electrolyte balance and due to sweating, vomiting,therapy diarrhea Primary aldosteronismPyloric obstructionMalabsorptionAdrenal cortical insufficiencyDiabetic acidosisDiureticsHypothyroidismChronic or acute renal failurePotassium Evaluates and monitors Diarrhea or vomiting Acute renal failureelectrolyte balanceExcessive sweatingDehydrationEspecially important forcardiac patients Pyloric obstruction Adrenal cortical insufficiencyStarvationMalabsorptionPrimary aldosteronismDiureticsChloride Evaluates and monitors Pulmonary emphysema Dehydrationelectrolyte balanceCongestive heart failureHyperventilationMay indicate acid-basebalance and hydration status Excessive sweating Diabetes insipidusDiarrheaAdrenal cortical insufficiencyKidney disordersHyperparathyroidismDiabetic acidosisDiureticsCarbon dioxide Evaluates blood pH Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis(e.g., hyperventilation) (e.g., chronic obstructivepulmonary disease)Metabolic acidosis(e.g., diabetes)Severe diarrheaKidney or heart failureMetabolic alkalosis(e.g., severe vomiting)

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesCalcium Evaluates parathyroid function Magnesium deficiency Hyperparathyroidismand calcium metabolismHyperphosphatemiaHyperthyroidismHypoparathyroidismVitamin D deficiencyMalabsorptionHypoalbuminemiaPaget’s diseaseExcess ingestionof vitamins A or DCancerBone fracturecombined with bed restPhosphorus Measures serum Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidismphosphorus levelsRicketts or osteomalaciaBone cancerVitamin D deficiency Excessive vitamin D intakeHyperinsulinemiaAntacidsDiureticsLong-term steroid useSevere malnutritionLow blood calcium levelsExerciseDehydrationHealing bone fracturesDiabetes mellitus with ketosisLiver disease, cirrhosisRenal insufficiencyProtein Measures total Diarrhea Dehydrationprotein in the blood, includingalbumin and globulin Malnutrition Chronic liver diseaseEvaluates nutritional status, Malabsorption Neoplasmsblood osmotic pressure, renaland other chronic diseases Liver disease Tropical diseases (e.g., leprosy)Crohn’s disease orulcerative colitisThyroid diseaseSevere burnsSevere skin diseaseHeart failureChronic alcoholismGranulomatous diseasesChronic infectionInflammatory diseasesAlbumin/globulin ratio Evaluates renal disease Liver dysfunction Hypothyroidismand other chronic diseasesMultiple myelomaUnderproductionof immunoglobulinsAutoimmune diseaseGlucocorticoid excess(from drugs or tumors)

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesBilirubin Evaluates liver and Drug interference Liver diseasegallbladder function(e.g., barbiturates)HepatitisCirrhosisBiliary duct obstructionGilbert’s diseasePernicious anemiaHemolytic anemiaAlkaline phosphatase Detects and monitors liver and Bone growth/healingbone disease; also usedfracturesas a tumor markerAcromegalyLiver or bone metastasesLeukemiaHypervitaminosis DHyperthyroidismHyperparathyroidismChronic alcohol ingestionBiliary obstructionLiver diseaseDiabetes mellitusCongestive heart failureEstrogens, birth control pills,oral hypoglycemic agents, etcLDH Measures intracellular enzyme X-ray irradiation Muscle injury(lactic acid dehydrogenase) LDH, which when presentmay signify injury or diseaseBurns or traumaKidney diseaseCardiac diseaseLiver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)Hemolytic anemiaPernicious anemiaMalignant tumorsInfectious mononucleosisInflammation

Test What this test measures What test results may indicateLow valuesHigh valuesAspartate Evaluates disorders of the liver, Azotemia Liver diseaseaminotransferase (AST) gallbladder, and pancreasChronic kidney dialysisTrauma or surgeryAlso called serum glutamic- Indicator of cell injury or deathoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) Vitamin B6 deficiency Myocardial infarctionAcute pancreatitis.Certain medications,including salicylatesChronic alcohol ingestionHeat exhaustionMushroom poisoningMarked increase:ShockLiver diseaseHepatitisAlanine transaminase (ALT) Identifies and monitors Urinary tract infection All indications from ASTliver disease (see above) plus:Also called serum glutamic-Malnutritionpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) Distinguishes between the Obesityliver and RBC hemolysisas the source of jaundiceUsually parallels but islower than AST in alcoholrelateddiseasesRapidly progressingacute lymphoblastic leukemiaIron Evaluates several conditions, Iron deficiency anemia Hemolytic anemiaincluding iron deficiencyanemia and hemochromatosis Chronic blood loss HepatitisAnemia due to infectionor chronic diseasesNephrosisHypothyroidAcute iron toxicityThalassemiaHemochromatosisMenstruationDON’T MISS THE ANNUAL BLOOD TEST SUPER SALE—ORDER TODAY!In 1996, the Life Extension Foundation initiated a program that enables members to request and receive the results of their ownblood tests. Life Extension members save more than 50% compared to the prices charged by commercial blood testing laboratories, andavoid having to pay for a doctor’s visit just to order the tests.To encourage our members to participate in annual blood testing, we are pleased to offer the Annual Blood Test Super Sale. UntilJune 1, 2005, all blood tests are deeply discounted below the already-low member rates. To order, call toll-free 1-800-208-3444,24hours a day, seven days a week, or complete and fax the blood test order form to 954-761-9199.* Please note that due to state law, New York and New Jersey residents will receive a blood draw kit (additional local draw fees may be incurred). Most tests require you to fast for 12 hoursbefore having your blood drawn. You should drink water during this period to avoid dehydration.