Oberon Class Submarine Occupational Hygiene Project Final Report

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AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to take the opportunity to thank the following people for theircontributions to the project:Members of the Submariner Focus Groups for giving of their time and theirenthusiastic participation;CMDR (retired) John Hodges and members of Submarines Association Australia fortheir general support and specific assistance in the organisation of the focus groups;CMDR Sarah Sharkey and Mr John Pennefather, RAN Submarine and UnderwaterMedicine Unit, Mr Jaakko Tarhala, Defence Library Service, and Dr Wally Mazurek,Defence Science and Technology Organisation, for their assistance in sourcingdepartmental documents;Associate Professor Alan Crockett, Discipline of General Practice, University ofAdelaide and Ms Maureen Bell, Barr Smith Library, University of Adelaide for theirprovision of information and assistance;Rodney Baker, OAM, Australian Submarine Corporation Pty Ltd, for the provision ofinformation related to his expertise in occupational health in submarines;The Board of the RAN SUBSAFE Program for their support; and,Professor Niki Ellis and Associate Professor Cate D’Este, Centre for Military andVeterans’ Health, for their critical review of the manuscript.2
ContentsExecutive Summary.......................................................................................................4Introduction....................................................................................................................9Context.....................................................................................................................10Layout of Submarine................................................................................................12Ventilation Arrangements........................................................................................13Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................14Approach Adopted in this Study..............................................................................15Literature Review.........................................................................................................16Methodology............................................................................................................16Available Literature .............................................................................................16Departmental Documents.....................................................................................17Conclusions..............................................................................................................45Hazards Identified in the Literature Review........................................................47Tour of Oberon Class Submarine ................................................................................54Focus Groups ...............................................................................................................57Methodology............................................................................................................57Results......................................................................................................................58Oberon Submarine Environment .........................................................................58Submarine Culture ...............................................................................................60Working Routines ................................................................................................61Commitment to Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)..................................62Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .................................................................63Record Keeping ...................................................................................................64Health Hazards.....................................................................................................65Health Outcomes..................................................................................................67Hazard and Health Outcome Matrix....................................................................67Conclusion ...............................................................................................................70Derivation of Exposure Profile ....................................................................................72Table 1: Selected hazards and sources.....................................................................72Table 2: Selected Gas Exposure on an Oberon Submarine, at Sea..........................74Table 3: Rank and job description by percentage of time spent in submarinecompartments, in a typical dived patrol (1) ...............................................................75Table 4: Exposure Profile and Quality of Evidence ................................................81Table 5: Exposure Profile (gases) and Quality of Evidence....................................82Discussion....................................................................................................................83Conclusion ...................................................................................................................89Recommendations........................................................................................................90Annexes........................................................................................................................91Annex A: The Project Team ....................................................................................91Annex B: Information and Consent Sheet-Focus Groups........................................91Annex C: Interview Guide-Focus Groups ...............................................................91Annex D: List of Documents not Available ............................................................91References..................................................................................................................103Literature Review...................................................................................................1033
Page 1: Oberon Class SubmarineOccupational
Page 7 and 8: There is strong anecdotal evidence
Page 10: decommissioned) in 1992. The five r
Page 13 and 14: Ventilation Arrangements(from Kane
Page 15 and 16: Approach Adopted in this StudyIn or
Page 17 and 18: Departmental DocumentsDefence Scien
Page 19 and 20: of diesel-electric propulsion and a
Page 21 and 22: 4. Gan & Mazurek (~ 2005), “Expos
Page 23 and 24: to avoid short and long term effect
Page 25 and 26: from the air vents, in excess of 65
Page 27 and 28: Overseas Studies Relating to Oberon
Page 29 and 30: For the compounds identified with *
Page 31 and 32: pollution by 33%. There is a length
Page 33 and 34: Air Quality Standards1. In his brie
Page 35 and 36: Continuous Exposure Guidance levels
Page 37 and 38: ClothingStandard orders refer to th
Page 39 and 40: occupational health exposure studie
Page 41 and 42: Issues of body absorption of diesel
Page 43 and 44: eading time is 10 minutes. The 0.2
Page 45 and 46: Comment. This study is cited as the
Page 47 and 48: • secrecy associated with submari
Page 49 and 50: 3-methyl hexanedimethylcyclohexane1
Page 51 and 52: - performance of tasks in cramped c
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smoke candles ·torpedo 'hot runnin
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The control room onONYX, looking af
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Committee and the University of Que
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Many references were made to a sens
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safety was compromised for speed an
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Health HazardsThe health hazards id
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Psychological• Stress caused by n
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Tar epoxiesJason pistols?berylliumE
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Some of the psychological effects i
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Table 3: Rank and job description b
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Junior SailorsEngineeringTradespers
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Seaman- maintainerelectricalLeading
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Table 4: Exposure Profile and Quali
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DiscussionThis project appears to b
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in surface vessel engine rooms. The
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exceeded the guideline of 50 microg
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ConclusionIn conclusion, the occupa
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AnnexesAnnex A: The Project TeamAnn
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Annex B toOberon Class SubmarineOcc
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locked cabinets at CMVH and accesse
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THIS PAGE WILL BE DETACHED FROM YOU
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• What were the specific tasks co
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List of Documents not AvailableAnne
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ReferencesLiterature ReviewAdelson
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Gorman R., Liss G.M., (1985), “Oc
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McKinnery, W. N., Jr. and Moore, R.
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Aeronautical and Maritime Research
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