November 19, 2002Joseph Woodward, Esq.Associate Solicitor for the Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationDepartment of LaborOffice of the Solicitor200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room S-4004Washington, DC 20210Re: December 12, 2001 <strong>OSHA</strong> <strong>Recordkeeping</strong> TrainingWhile we very much appreciate the proactive efforts being made by the agency to provide trainingas it implements the new rule, I am writing on behalf of NAM to express my concern that theDepartment of Labor’s keynote training presentation regarding the new recordkeeping rule, itsDecember 12, 2001 satellite “webcast,” contained information inconsistent with our settlementagreement and omitted information central to that agreement.§1904.5First, as you know, an injury or illness is not presumed to be work-related unless “an event orexposure in the work environment is a discernable cause of the injury or illness or of a significantaggravation to a pre-existing condition.” See, inter alia, Settlement Agreement section 2(B) (emphasisadded). The Settlement Agreement restates this important principle: “Regardless of where signsor symptoms surface, a case is recordable only if a work event or exposure is a discernible cause ofthe injury or illness or of a significant aggravation to a pre-existing condition.” Id. (emphasisadded). In other words, it is not the location where signs or symptoms surface, it is the discerniblework-related event that defines causation and triggers recordation. In response to a questionregarding a pulled muscle that occurred in the workplace, but with which no identifiable workrelatedevent or exposure could be identified, the representative from <strong>OSHA</strong>’s Office of Statisticscorrectly noted that “if there is no event or exposure that led to the condition, I don’t think thatpresumption [of work-relatedness] would apply.” Transcript at pp. 44-45.* Another authoritative<strong>OSHA</strong> spokesperson, however, disagreed with his colleague and stated, “It sounds like a workrelated case to me. It sounds like the person was injured while they were in the work environmentand, yeah, I would consider that a work related case.” Id. at p. 45 (emphasis added). I am concernedthat this response and <strong>OSHA</strong>’s training materials impart an erroneous view of the so-calledgeographic presumption. Unfortunate events which occur to an individual while he is at work andengaged in normal life functions, such as walking over an even surface and pulling a muscle,should not be presumed to be work-related simply because they occur at work. Absent some otheridentifiable work-related event or exposure in the work environment, such a conclusion clearlyconflicts with the “discernable cause” rule to which <strong>OSHA</strong> agreed in the settlement. Any trainingto the contrary ignores the agreement’s imposition on the Secretary of Labor the burden of proofregarding work-relatedness and is contrary to its substantive provisions.Second, our settlement agreement clearly specifies that the existence of an injury or illness is athreshold inquiry and that, even where, for example, oxygen is administered, in the context ofworkplace exposure to a toxic substance, if an injury or illness did not occur, the case remains nonrecordable.See Settlement Agreement at sections 2(E), (F); accord Transcript at p. 86 (discussingnon-recordability of precautionary administration of antibiotics). In response to a question relatingto this specific issue, which assumed the prophylactic administration of oxygen without any toxicexposure or medical treatment, however, <strong>OSHA</strong>’s spokesperson replied that, “Under the new rule,oxygen is considered medical treatment. So if the person has an injury or illness ... if they’reexhibiting some signs of difficulty and they’re given oxygen, then that’s now considered medicaltreatment.” Transcript at p. 46 (emphasis added).* The transcript of the training session is available athttp://www.vodium.com/vs_data/transcript/labor8NG8Y91T.txt.36<strong>OSHA</strong> RECORDKEEPINGHANDBOOK
The problem with the response is two-fold: (1) It ignores the question’s assumption that no injuryor illness requiring medical treatment was present and (2) it equates “some sign of difficulty” withan illness or injury. As you know, the settlement expressly states that an employee must exhibitsymptoms of an injury or illness in order for the administration of oxygen to constitute recordablemedical treatment. Settlement Agreement at section 2(F). “Some signs of difficulty,” particularly inthe absence of any medical treatment, would not necessarily constitute “symptoms of an injury orillness.” For example; a professional football player who leaves the field winded and who takes abreath of oxygen might be experiencing “some signs of difficulty” but might not be suffering from“symptoms of an injury or illness.” Thus, the answer to the question as posed should have clearlybeen that the administration of oxygen, absent other medical treatment or related injury or illness,is not recordable. Without further clarification, I am concerned that the <strong>OSHA</strong> reply might haveled participants to conclude that almost all administrations of oxygen are presumptively recordablecases.Third, I am generally concerned that <strong>OSHA</strong>’s training materials (including the satellite presentationand the materials contained on <strong>OSHA</strong>’s web site) completely omit any reference to a number of significantinterpretations in the settlement agreement. For example, neither the satellite training northe Power Point “Comprehensive Presentation” on <strong>OSHA</strong>’s web site address the preventive transferissue, an important clarification contained in our settlement agreement. See Settlement Agreementat section 2(C). I respectfully suggest that this issue should be discussed in order to provide fullcontext for any understanding of restricted work. The training materials also fail to discuss the“discernable cause” concept, and the “more likely than not” analysis employed when causation isunclear. Instead, the materials leave the regulated community with the misimpression that unless“symptoms arising in [the] work environment are solely due to [a] non-work-related event or exposure,”they are otherwise recordable. See Comprehensive Presentation at Slide 16 (emphasisadded); see also id. at Slide 13 (restating geographic presumption without clarification from settlementagreement). Appropriate clarification would have resolved the confusion attendant to the firstissue described above. Additionally, the discussion of hearing loss causation at pages 63 to 64 ofthe satellite training transcript would have been an appropriate point at which to apply these principles.Finally, we believe that future training should identify the compliance directive, which incorporatesthe settlement agreement, as an important source of clarification for recordkeeping questions. Forexample, at pages 77, 78, 90 and 91, the trainers identified a number of sources of information,but did not mention the compliance directive.§1904.5Our principal concern is that if these issues are not presented clearly during <strong>OSHA</strong>’s primary trainingsessions, they will not be executed properly by <strong>OSHA</strong>’s field staff. <strong>OSHA</strong>’s compliance officerswill provide advice and issue citations based upon an erroneous understanding of these criticalissues, and theprinciples embodied in the compliance directive will not be consistently and correctlyapplied throughout the nation.Thank you for your consideration of my thoughts. I appreciate the opportunity to engage in a constructivedialogue as employees, employers and <strong>OSHA</strong> work together to implement the new rule.Sincerely,Baruch A. Fellnercc: The Honorable John HenshawThe Honorable Christopher SpearMr. Tevi Troy<strong>OSHA</strong> RECORDKEEPINGHANDBOOK37
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PART 1904—[AMENDED] (67 FR 77170,
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§1904.1088OSHA RECORDKEEPINGcorrec
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§1904.1090OSHA RECORDKEEPINGAwaren
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§1904.1092reasonable checks agains
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§1904.1094determination. Second, t
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: Section
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Also, from time to time we update o
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§1904.11Section 1904.11Recording c
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§1904.11of causation applies to th
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§1904.12Thus, the total MSD count
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§1904.12current survey was designe
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§1904.29son’s blood or other pot
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§1904.29cern cases, and the list m
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§1904.29have also been designed to
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§1904.29with that entry and employ
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: Section
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Section 1904.29(b)(10). In addition
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Section 1904.30Multiple business es
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fest themselves quickly and can be
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§1904.31The term “employee” me
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§1904.31companies, and other tempo
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Letter of interpretation related to
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Scenario 5:• An employee drives i
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Response: The log is to be kept for
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Section 1904.32Annual summary(66 FR
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§1904.32The company executive cert
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Deletions from the former rule....F
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I do want to make one further point
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sede any longer retention periods s
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Response: The controlling employer
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Section 1904.35Employee involvement
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§1904.351904 regulation to provide
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§1904.35tions on employees’ and
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employee, the employer must provide
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Thank you for your interest in occu
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Letter of interpretation related to
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Section 1904.36Prohibition against
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and section 1952.4 spells out the r
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§1904.38Section 1904.38Variances f
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§1904.38cited and the citation is
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§1904.39PREAMBLE DISCUSSION: Secti
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§1904.39FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
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§1904.40maintains the records at a
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June 23, 2003Mr. Edwin G. Foulke, J
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Section 1904.41Annual OSHA injury a
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Section 1904.42Requests from the Bu
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Section 1904.43Summary and posting
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Section 1904.44Retention and updati
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Section 1904.45OMB control numbers
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allows him or her to independently
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§1904.46the three criteria above,
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§1904.46approach will provide an i
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: Section
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Section 1952.4Injury and illness re