Annual Report 2010-11 - Global Invasive Species Programme - GISP

Annual Report 2010-11I n t e g r a t i n g b i o d i v e r s i t y s c i e n c ef o r h u m a n w e l l - b e i n gI C S U I U B S S C O P E U N E S C O

CONTENTSFOREWORD3 From the Chair and the Executive DirectorSECTION 1 - DIVERSITAS science Highlights from2010-115 Contributing to 2010, the International Year ofBiodiversity6 Planning for Planet under Pressure conference7 Planning for Rio+208 The new DIVERSITAS web siteCore Projects9 Implementing the framework for integratedbiodiversity science10 International Project Offices’ contacts11 bioGENESIS12 bioDISCOVERY13 ecoSERVICES14 bioSUSTAINABILITYCross-cutting Networks15 Tackling topical issues in an integrated way16 Cross-cutting Networks’ contacts17 agroBIODIVERSITY18 freshwaterBIODIVERSITY19 Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA)20 ecoHEALTH21 Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP)Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP)22 Applying integrated approach to global issues23 ESSP Joint Projects’ contacts24 Global Water System Project (GWSP)24 Global Environmental Change and Human Health(GECHH)25 Global Carbon Project (GCP)25 Global Environmental Change and Food Systems(GECAFS)SECTION 2 - Assessment26 The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversityand Ecosystem Services (IPBES)27 The Global Biodiversity Outlook-3 (GBO-3)SECTION 3 - Observations28 Group of Earth Observations-BiodiversityObservation Network (GEO BON)SECTION 4 - Policy30 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)31 Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)SECTION 5 - Publications and Events32 List of publications32 List of eventsSECTION 6 - National Committees38 Expanding network strengthens internationalframework40 People: Committees and Secretariat42 Financial Summary43 Acknowledgements44 AcronymsGetting involved…DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010 1

FOREWORDFrom the Chair and the ExecutiveDirector2010 was yet another year of majorevents, and remarkable advances,relating to biodiversity scienceand biological conservation. TheDIVERSITAS community was deeplyinvolved in these events as notedbelow.International Platform forBiodiversity and EcosystemServices, IPBESThere has been crucial follow upactivities related to the agreement by aconsensus of 85 nations to establish anInternational Platform for Biodiversityand Ecosystem Services (IPBES) inBusan, Republic of Korea in June, 2010.The establishment of IPBES had beena key goal of DIVERSITAS that formallybegan with an international conferenceon biological diversity hosted by theFrench Government at UNESCO in Parisin 2005. The June event in Busan wasjust the beginning of the process ofestablishing an operational mode forIPBES that is still unfolding. SinceJune, 2010, the IPBES concept wasformally welcomedby the Convention onBiological Diversity(CBD) at their 10 thConference of theParties in Nagoya,Japan in October,2010. It also passeda major hurdle withthe United NationsGeneral Assemblyagreeing to its establishment inDecember, 2010. The United NationsEnvironmental Programme has beencharged with creating an operationalIPBES along with relevant partnerUN agencies, including UNESCO, ourinstitutional sponsor. There have beenpreparatory meetings toward this endin which DIVERSITAS members havebeen involved. Finally, one year pastthe Nagoya meeting, the first meetingwill be held in Nairobi in October,2011, to begin the process of makingIPBES operational. There are manyimportant details to be decided inNairobi and DIVERSITAS members willcontinue to be actively involved, inclose cooperation with our partnerprogramme IHDP and on behalf ofICSU, in a process that will make a verylarge difference in the assessment ofthe knowledge we have on the statusof biological diversity and ecosystemservices, but also on knowledgegeneration and capacity building. Themain point to be made is that thesecrucial processes seemingly take foreverto navigate. But that they happen at allis somewhat miraculous considering allof the nations involved and the diverseinterests of the numerous stakeholders.But above this is the fact that ourcommunity will now, at long last, havean orderly process for assessing andresponding to adverse consequencesof the losses in the biological diversitythat sustains us all.DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010 3

The Conference of the Parties to theConvention on Biological Diversity,CBD-COP10There was enhanced activity by thebiodiversity community in generalthis past year since it was the officialUN International Year of Biodiversityculminating in the very successful meetingin Nagoya, Japan of the Conference ofthe Parties to the CBD. The DIVERSITAScommunity contributed extensively tothe crafting of the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-20 and the AichiBiodiversity Targets that came out ofNagoya. Further, it contributed to thecritical background documents for theNagoya meeting including the GlobalBiodiversity Outlook 3.Toward a Global BiodiversityObservation System, GEO BONDIVERSITAS and its partners haveintensified input into the design of aglobal biodiversity observation systemthat would fulfill a critical need oftracking the status of biodiversity andecosystem services through time, toaddress, in particular, future IPBESobservation needs. An implementationplan has been published, and a secretariatestablished, but there is much work to bedone in order to put the plan into actionand to integrate with the many relevantpartners.The changes in DIVERSITASThere are two major initiatives that willchange, to some extent, the presentmode of operation of DIVERSITAS. Oneis a move to bring greater integrationamong the Global Environmental Change(GEC) programmes of the InternationalCouncil for Science (ICSU). This ICSUvisioning initiative was driven in partby the willingness of a number of majornational funders to co-ordinate to adegree their respective funding strategiesfor global change programmes as well asdirectives from the ICSU General Assemblyfor greater programme integration.Discussions relevant to these trends havenoted that there needs to be a greaterincorporation of social and naturalsciences into the GEC programmes, andincreased policy relevance.The second initiative is the move withinDIVERSITAS itself to restructure itsprojects along three major themes:Challenge 1: Identify urgent detrimentalchanges in biodiversity and ecosystemservices and provide the knowledge toavoid, limit or mitigate such changesChallenge 2: Enhance the capacity ofsocial-ecological systems to supportbiodiversity and ecosystem services underglobal changeChallenge 3: Develop knowledge on theevolution, distribution and function ofbiodiversity to sustain ecosystem servicesand human well-beingAll of these changes will keep us engaged inmoving ahead our strong current projects toattaining their goals and at the same timein moving toward a greater integration withthe other GEC Programmes. We have a strongscientific committee, all with high sciencecredentials, with a mix of those workingin the field or at the bench or computer,covering the span of inquiry from moleculesto the globe. This group includes thosefrom the policy community as well as amix of natural and social scientists. So weare well positioned to be able to quicklyreposition ourselves as the need arises.In addition to all of these changes wewill have a new Chair of the ScientificCommittee, Prof. Georgina Mace, fromImperial College, London, UK, starting inJanuary 2012. Georgina, a highly recognisedscientist, has considerable experiencealready with DIVERSITAS since she is nowserving as one of the Vice Chairs.All of the items mentioned above ofcourse are going on in the background ofthe real work of DIVERSITAS which residesin the integrated research projects. Theextraordinary accomplishments of thevolunteers that move our science aheadalong a broad front, within integratedinternational projects, are clearly shown inthe reports that follow.Harold A. Mooney,Chair Scientific Committee of DIVERSITASAnne Larigauderie,Executive Director, DIVERSITAS4 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Contributing to 2010,the International Year ofBiodiversityThe United Nations declared2010 to be the InternationalYear of Biodiversity (IYB).2010 was a celebration oflife on earth and of the valueof biodiversity for our lives. During2010, the world was invited to takeaction to safeguard the variety oflife on earth because “Biodiversity islife – Biodiversity is our life”. The IYBwas orchestrated by the Convention onBiological Diversity (CBD).The United Nations General Assemblyproclaimed the period from 2011 to2020 as the United Nations Decade onBiodiversity.1-Contributing to the evaluationof progress against the 2010biodiversity targetsDIVERSITAS-bioDISCOVERY (P Leadley,H Pereira) together with UNEP-WCMCcoordinated a synthesis and criticalanalysis of existing global and regionalbiodiversity scenarios as a contributionto the Global Biodiversity Outlook 3,GBO-3, commissioned by the Secretariatof the CBD. GBO-3 was officiallylaunched on May 10, 2010, at CBD-SBSTTA 14. See this report page 27.The GBO-3 report served as ascientific basis to support thedecision by CBD delegates thatthe 2010 biodiversity target hadnot been reached.2-Contributing to the StrategicPlan for Biodiversity 2011-2020and the Aichi Biodiversity TargetsCOP10 adopted the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-2020 and the AichiBiodiversity Targets (the “20 targets for2020”).DIVERSITAS, and, in particular,ecoSERVICES and bioSUSTAINABILITY,contributed to the discussions on the2020 targets, by convening workshops,publishing papers, organising sideevents and reporting in plenary at CBD-SBSTTA 14 and COP 10. See this reportpage 30.3-Contributing to theimplementation of a globalbiodiversity observing system:the GEO BON initiativeOn 22 May 2010, GEO BON released atCBD-SBSTTA 14, the GEO BON detailedimplementation plan toward a globalbiodiversity observation system. TheCBD invited GEO BON to prepare anevaluation of existing observationcapabilities relevant to the targetscontained in the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-2020.DIVERSITAS actively contributed to theimplementation plan, and representedGEO BON at both CBD-SBSTTA14 andCOP10. See this report page 28.4-Contributing to theconsultation on an IPBES2010 was a very important year forIPBES, since the year ended with aformal decision by the UN GeneralAssembly, in December 2010, to requestUNEP to get started with IPBES andhost the first Plenary meeting of IPBES.DIVERSITAS was involved in both theformal IPBES consultation process, andin informal activities to promote theconcept of an IPBES. See this reportpage 26.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 5

Planning for the UN Conferenceon Sustainable Development,Earth Summit 20124-6 June 2012, Rio, Brazilwww.earthsummit2012.orgThe UN Conference on SustainableDevelopment, also known as Earth Summit2012, or “Rio+20” will take place 4-6 June2012, in Rio, Brazil.Alongside governments, there will be ninestakeholder-Major Groups participating inthe conference: Indigenous Peoples, Farmers,Workers & Trade Unions, Local Authorities,Business and Industry, Science and TechnologyCommunity, Women, Children & Youth, NGOs.ObjectivesZZSecuring Political Commitment toSustainable DevelopmentZZAssessing Progress TowardsInternationally Agreed CommitmentsZZNew and Emerging ChallengesTHEMESZZGreen Economy in the context ofPoverty Eradication and SustainableDevelopmentZZInstitutional Framework for SustainableDevelopmentICSU and the World Federation ofEngineering Organisations (WFEO) areco-organising partners for the Science andTechnology Community Major Group.DIVERSITAS is invited to contribute toRio+20 through ICSU.ICSU contribution to Rio+20ZZParticipation in official global and regionalintergovernmental preparatory meetingsZZOrganisation with UNESCO of regionalscience and technology workshops:> 16-18 April 2011: Rio+20 RegionalWorkshop for Asia and the Pacific,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia> 30 May-01 June 2011: Rio+20Regional Workshop for Africa, Pretoria,South Africa> 3-5 August 2011: Rio+20 RegionalWorkshop for Latin America and theCaribbean, Mexico City, Mexico> 2-14 October 2011: RegionalWorkshop for Europe,Helsinki, Finland.The results of these workshops willbe presented at the Rio+20 RegionalPreparatory Meetings, in order forregion-specific scientific knowledge,issues and concerns to be integratedinto the Rio+20 conference.ZZOrganisation of a Forum on Scienceand Technology for SustainableDevelopment at Rio+20ZZMobilising ICSU National and UnionMembersDIVERSITAS contribution to Rio+20The major contribution of DIVERSITAS toRio+20 is via co-sponsorship of the Planetunder Pressure 2012 conference (See thisreport page 6). In this context, a seriesof scientific papers and policy briefs isbeing prepared to be submitted to theRio+20 preparatory process. SC-DIVERSITASmembers have prepared a policy briefon “Biodiversity, ecosystems and theirsocietal benefits for a sustainable planet:a vision of biodiversity stewardship andbenefits” (co-leads: S Diaz and B Reyers).The outcome of Planet under Pressure2012 will be presented at Rio+20.DIVERSITAS is also contributing toRio+20, via participation in the ICSU-UNESCO Regional science and technologyworkshops and in the Forum onScience and Technology for SustainableDevelopment.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 7

New DIVERSITAS web sitelaunched!DIVERSITAS launched its new website in May 2011. The new website has new functions, better tools and a new visual design, to makeit easier to find the information needed. A revamped newsletter will soon appear on a regular basis to enable the entire DIVERSITAScommunity, including national members, to stay informed on activities and publications from the DIVERSITAS community at large.8 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

CORE PROJECTSImplementing theframework for integrated biodiversity scienceDIVERSITAS Core Projects cover four important aspects of biodiversity science:ZZZZZZZZbioGENESIS aims to facilitate the development of new strategies and tools for documentingbiodiversity, to understand the dynamics of diversification, and to make use of evolutionary biologyto understand anthropogenic impactsbioDISCOVERY focuses on developing a scientific framework to investigate the current extentof biodiversity, monitor its changes and predict its future changesecoSERVICES explores the link between biodiversity and the ecosystem functions and servicesthat support human well-being and seeks to determine human responses to changes in ecosystemservicesbioSUSTAINABILITY concerns itself with the science-policy interface, looking for ways tosupport the conservation and sustainable use of biological resourcesIndividually, these Core Projects assemble the expertise required—from both natural and socialdisciplines—to address specific aspects of biodiversity science. Collectively, they ensure the continueddevelopment of a truly international and integrated approach.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 9

InternationalProject OfficescoordinateDIVERSITASScience PlansDIVERSITAS Core Projects and cross-cuttingnetworks get implemented by InternationalProject Offices (IPOs). IPOs representan important mean of strengtheningDIVERSITAS’ presence throughout the worldand building links to existing researchinstitutes and programmes.Co-chairs and Programme OfficersbioGENESISCo-chairsDan FaithThe Australian Museum, AustraliaTetsukazu YaharaKyushu University, JapanProgramme OfficerMakiko MimurabioDISCOVERYChairPaul LeadleyUniversity Paris-Sud, Orsay, FranceProgramme OfficerCornelia KrugecoSERVICESCo-chairsCharles PerringsArizona State University, USAShahid NaeemColumbia University, USAProgramme OfficerAnne-Hélène Prieur-RichardbioSUSTAINABILITYCo-chairsThomas ElmqvistUniversity of Stockholm, SwedenStephen PolaskyUniversity of Minnesota, USAContactwww.diversitas-international.org/biogenesisbioGENESISDepartment of BiologyKyushu University6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-kuFukuoka 812-8581JapanTel: +81 92 642 26 24Email: mmimuscb@kyushu-u.orgwww.diversitas-international.org/biodiscoverybioDISCOVERYc/o DIVERSITASMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)57, Rue Cuvier – CP 4175231 Paris Cedex 05FranceTel: +33 1 40 79 80 44Email: cornelia@diversitas-international.orgwww.ecoservices.asu.edu/index.htmlecoSERVICESSchool of Life SciencesArizona State University 85282Tempe, ArizonaUSATel: +1 480 727 7665Email: anne-helene@diversitas-international.orgwww.diversitas-international.org/biosustainabilitybioSUSTAINABILITYDepartment of Systems EcologyStockholm UniversitySystemekologen / KräftanKräftriket 9A10405 StockholmSwedenProgramme OfficerThomas BergendorffTel: +46 73 707 88 67Email: thomasb@ecology.su.se10 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

ioGENESISProviding an evolutionary framework forbiodiversity scienceCo-Chairs: D Faith, Australian Museum, Australia andT Yahara, Kyushu University, Japanwww.diversitas-international.org/biogenesisThe primary aim of bioGENESIS is tocatalyse the international communicationand integrated research that are necessaryto bring evolutionary approaches to bearon pressing issues related to biodiversityand human well-being.Three key papers were published by SCbioGENESISin 2010: an overview paper“Evolutionary biology in biodiversityscience, conservation, and policy: A callto action” (Hendry et al. 2010. Evolution);and two perspectives papers: “EvosystemServices: an evolutionary perspective onthe links between biodiversity and humanwell-being”(Faith et al. 2010. COSUST),and “Genetic diversity assessments in thecentury of genome science” (Yahara et al.2010. COSUST). See page 32.GEO Biodiversity ObservationNetwork (GEO BON)D Faith and T Yahara co-chair the WorkingGroup “Genetic/Phylogenetic Diversity” ofGEO BON and lead the development of thissection of the GEO BON implementationplan. This group is developing shorttermdeliverables such as reports onglobal status and trend of genetic andphylogenetic diversity.bioGENESIS is also strongly involved in thedevelopment of AP-BON, the regional nodeof GEO BON in the Asia-Pacific region.Eco-evolutionary approaches toclimate changeThe joint Eco-Evol initiative of bioGENESISand bioDISCOVERY initiative intends todevelop collaborative efforts to bridge thegaps between evolutionary and functionalecology in order to improve modelsprojecting changes in species distributionand abundance in response to climate /global change.The focus of the EcoEvol workshop held atKyushu University, Japan, in August 2010,was the genetic basis of species-levelresponses to climate in plants, especiallytrees, and on developing a predictiveunderstanding of how genetic variationin key functional traits will mediate theimpacts of climate change on speciesabundance and distribution.Annual conference of theAssociation of Tropical BiodiversityConservation(ATBC, Bali, July 2010)L Lohmann and A Hendry, SC-bioGENESIS,organised a symposium on evolutionaryperspectives for conservation biology.M Donoghue, former SC-bioGENESISChair, gave a plenary lecture entitled“Reconnecting ecology and evolution tocope with global change”.PeopleDr Makiko MIMURA joined DIVERSITAS asthe Science Officer for bioGENESIS (Kyushuoffice, Japan) in January 2010, thanksto funding from the Global Centers ofExcellence Program (COE, Japan).SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 11

ioDISCOVERYAssessing, monitoring and predictingbiodiversity changeChair: P Leadley, University of Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, Francewww.diversitas-international.org/biodiscoveryA synthesis of global biodiversityscenarios for the CBD: The GBO-3bioDISCOVERY led this synthesis ofscenarios of biodiversity change over the21 st century. See this report page 27.Improving the representation ofbiodiversity in vegetation modellingThe TRY (Refining plant functionalclassifications for earth system modelling) andBBS (Advanced prediction of Biome BoundaryShifts in regional and global dynamic vegetationmodels) initiatives held their second jointworkshop in Paris, March 25-29, 2011.The focus of the TRY part of the meetingwas to take stock of finished and ongoingprojects and activities using TRY data,to identify future needs of the scientificcommunity and foster the development ofnew core research activities.The BBS part of the workshop focusedon the development of two collaborativeprojects, aimed at 1) understanding therole of (plant) migration and dispersalin biome shifts, and 2) investigatingthe interactions between fire, land useand climate change in creating potentialtipping points. The joint workshop day wasdedicated to improving the representationof plant functional traits and biologicaldiversity in vegetation models.The TRY data base was presented in apublication that appeared in July 2011(Kattge et al. 2011. Global ChangeBiology).Joint FRB-DIVERSITAS ConferenceBiodiversity Scenarios: Currentprogress and challengesWithin its flagship programme“Biodiversity modelling and scenarios”,the French Foundation for BiodiversityResearch, FRB, together with DIVERSITAS,organised an exchange between projectleaders, international experts, decisionmakers and stakeholders to betterdetermine the needs for biodiversityprojections, the responses of science, andpathways to a better cooperation betweenscientists and stakeholders.Eco-evolutionary approaches toclimate changeThis initiative intends to develop collaborativeefforts to bridge the gaps betweenevolutionary and functional ecology inorder to improve models projecting changesin species distribution and abundance inresponse to climate / global change.The focus of the EcoEvol workshop held atKyushu University, Japan, in August 2010,was on the genetic basis of species-levelresponses to climate in plants, especiallytrees, and on developing a predictiveunderstanding of how genetic variationin key functional traits will mediate theimpacts of climate change on speciesabundance and distribution.Novel Models: Exploring theboundaries of ecological modellingThere is a need for “new” approachesto modelling (plant) diversity responsesto global change, and in particular formodels that can treat many species and atthe same time include a large number ofmechanisms/processes.In June 2011 (Arrábida, Portugal), a brainstormingworkshop was held to 1) assessthe current status of research, 2) identifycurrent trends in modelling of biodiversityresponses to global change, and 3) developa framework for model assessment thatguides model selection and developmentfor biodiversity scenario predictions.12 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

ecoSERVICESLinking biodiversity to ecosystemfunctioning and servicesCo-Chairs: C Perrings, Arizona State University, USA and S Naeem, Columbia University, USAwww.ecoservices.asu.edu/index.htmlEcosystem based biodiversitytargets and indicators for 2020The goal of this joint ecoSERVICESand bioSUSTAINABILITY project was todevelop a framework that captures theinter-linkages between biodiversity andhuman well-being to help define the2020 biodiversity targets and associatedindicators.Workshops> March 2010 (New York, USA)Workshop “Targets and Indicators – anecosystem service lens” (co-organisedwith BESTNet and Traitnet).> October 2010 (Nagoya, Japan)Side event “Beyond 2010: Definingachievable new indicators and targets”,organised by DIVERSITAS and sponsoredby UNEP-DEPI, at CBD COP10.Key publicationPerrings C, et al. 2010. Ecosystem servicesfor 2020. Science. 330:323-324A review of the scientificfoundations of Payments forEcosystem Services programmesProject supported by DIVERSITAS,ecoSERVICES, USAID, Wildlife ConservationSociety, University of Columbia – Centre forEnvironmental Research and Conservation.The key concerns motivating this researchwere:ZZA lack of information on the scientificprinciples that informed the design,implementation and monitoring of thePES projects; andZZThe degree to which scientificprinciples are integrated in the design,implementation and monitoring of PES.Key presentations> Olmsted P, Ingram JC, and Naeem S.2011. A review of the scientificfoundations of Payments for EcosystemServices programmes. Poster. CERCEcosystem Symposium ColumbiaUniversity, 1 st March.> Olmsted P, Ingram JC, and Naeem S.2011. A review of the scientificfoundations of Payments for EcosystemServices programmes. Oral presentation.17 th Annual International SustainableDevelopment Research Conference, NewYork City, USA, 8-10 MayAdditional Science-Policy activitiesPolicy briefs for UNEPecoSERVICES continued its activity ofdelivering policy briefs to UNEP onbiodiversity, ecosystem services andeconomy. Some of the policy briefsreleased in 2010 include:> Touza J and Perrings C. 2010. Theprovision of international environmentalpublic goods. UNEP Ecosystem ServicesEconomics Working Papers, Nairobi, UNEP> Arriagada R and Perrings C. 2010.Paying for International EnvironmentalPublic Goods, UNEP Ecosystem ServicesEconomics Working Papers, Nairobi, UNEP> Perrings C, et al. Ecosystem servicesand target-setting for the conservationand sustainable use of biodiversity, UNEPEcosystem Services Economics WorkingPapers, Nairobi, UNEPWorld BankecoSERVICES supported an initiativeby the World Bank to understand theeconomic linkages between climatechange, biodiversity and ecosystemservices. This yielded the following report:Perrings C. Biodiversity, EcosystemServices, and Climate Change: TheEconomic Problem, EnvironmentDepartment Papers 120, World Bank,Washington D.C.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 13

ioSUSTAINABILITYScience for the conservation andsustainable use of biodiversityCo-Chairs: T Elmqvist, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden andS Polasky, University of Minnesota, USAwww.diversitas-international.org/biosustainabilitybioSUSTAINABILITY develops newknowledge to guide policy and decisionmaking that support sustainable use ofbiodiversity and ecosystem services. Itstudies the social, economic and politicalcontext of management and governanceof biodiversity and ecosystem services.The science of ecosystem services andbiodiversity and how to incorporate thesevalues into management of integratedsocial-ecological systems have recentlybecome the focal point of numerousgroups and studies.The Economics of Ecosystems andBiodiversity (TEEB)SC-bioSUSTAINABILITY members (StevePolasky, Thomas Elmqvist, and BelindaReyers) have been involved as authorsand contributors in the scientific volumeof the TEEB project. Thomas Elmqvist isthe Coordinating lead author of Chapter 2“Biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystemservices”. Belinda Reyers is Coordinatinglead author of chapter 3 “Measuringbiophysical quantities and the use ofindicators”. This volume, launched atCBD-COP10 (October 2010, Nagoya, Japan)presents the evidence base for linksbetween biodiversity-ecosystem functionsecosystemservices and valuation andeconomic effects of loss of biodiversity atscales form local to global.Ecosystem based biodiversitytargets and indicators for 2020March 2010 (New York, USA):bioSUSTAINABILITY participated inthe 1 st DIVERSITAS workshop of thisproject on “Targets and Indicators – anecosystem service lens” organised byecoSERVICES.August 2010 (Grinda, Sweden):bioSUSTAINABILITY organised the secondworkshop of this project, on “Ecosystemservice indicators: linking the dynamicsof ecosystems to human well-being”,together with the Stockholm ResilienceCentre.The workshop produced:ZZAn integrative socio-economicecologicalframework and derivedcoupled indicators from the integrativeframework (paper submitted);ZZA contribution to the post CBD-2010targets and indicators (CBD side eventand publication); andZZA contribution to the MDG discourse.September 2010 (Ghent, Belgium, EUpresidencymeeting): Biodiversity post2010 – biodiversity in a changing world.Presentation: “Integrating biodiversity inlocal and regional policies”.October 2010 (Nagoya, Japan; with UNEP-WCMC): Presentation of new framework todevelop indicators of ecosystem services;side event at CBD-COP10.November 2010 (Cambridge, UK):Workshop on “Ecosystem servicesindicators”. bioSUSTAINABILITY (B Reyers,A Larigauderie) contributed, on behalf ofSC-bioSUSTAINABILITY, to this workshoporganised by UNEP-WCMC.June 2011 (High Wycombe, UK): CBDAHTEG (Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group)on Indicators for the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-2020. B Reyers and TElmqvist are members of this group.14 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

CROSS-CUTTINGNETWORKSTackling topical issues inan integrated wayDIVERSITAS Cross-cutting Networks embrace issues addressed in all four Core Projects, in the context of specifictopics or ecosystems:agroBIODIVERSITYZZFacilitating interdisciplinary research approaches for understanding the role of biodiversity in agriculturallandscapes.ZZEstablishing the scientific basis for addressing the trade-offs and synergies between production, biodiversityconservation, ecosystem services and human well-being in agricultural landscapes.freshwaterBIODIVERSITYZZFacilitating research on urgent challenges posed by critical threats on freshwater biodiversity.ZZEstablishing the scientific basis for addressing the trade-offs between management and conservation offreshwater ecosystems.Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA)ZZExploring and explaining the great biological richness of the mountains of the world.ZZProviding input to policy makers and stakeholders for the conservation and sustainable use of mountainbiodiversity.ecoHEALTHZZProviding a conceptual framework to carry out interdisciplinary research on the links between biodiversity andemerging infectious diseases.ZZProviding accurate information to decision-makers to set up appropriate public health and environmentalpolicies.Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP)ZZTackling the global threat of invasive species through policy development awareness raising and informationexchange (ended December 2010).SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 15

InternationalProject OfficescoordinateDIVERSITASCross-cuttingNetworksCo-chairs and Programme OfficersagroBIODIVERSITYCo-chairsLouise JacksonUniversity of California Davis, USALijbert BrussaardWageningen University, NLProject OfficerMirjam PullemanWageningen University, NLfreshwaterBIODIVERSITYChairMargaret PalmerUniversity of Maryland, USAContactAnne-Hélène Prieur-RichardContactwww.agrobiodiversity-diversitas.orgagroBIODIVERSITY SecretariatWageningen UniversityPO BOX 8005NL-6700 AA WageningenThe NetherlandsTel: +31 317 482151Email: mirjam.pulleman@wur.nlwww.diversitas-international.org/freshwaterbiodiversityfreshwaterBIODIVERSITYc/o DIVERSITASMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)57 Rue Cuvier – CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05FranceTel: +33 1 40 79 80 40Email: anne-helene@diversitas-international.orgGlobal Mountain Biodiversity Assessment http://gmba.unibas.chChairChristian KörnerUniversity of Basel, SwitzerlandExecutive DirectorEva SpehnUniversity of Basel, SwitzerlandecoHEALTHChairPeter DaszakWildlife Trust, New York, USAContactAleksei ChmuraGlobal Invasive Species Programme 1ChairWilliam JacksonIUCN, Gland, SwitzerlandExecutive DirectorSarah SimonsNairobi, KenyaGMBA SecretariatInstitute of BotanyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstr. 6, CH-4056 BaselSwitzerlandTel: +41 61 267 35 11Email: gmba@unibas.chwww.diversitas-international.org /ecohealthecoHEALTHWildlife Trust460 West 34 th Street, 17 th FloorNew York, NY 10001USATel: +1 212 380 4473Email: chmura@wildlifetrust.orgwww.gisp.orgGISP SecretariatUnited Nations AvenueP.O. Box 633-00621NairobiKenyaTel: +254-20-7224462/50Email: s.simons@gisp.org1. GISP closed in December 201016 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

agroBIODIVERSITYCo-Chairs: L E Jackson, University of California, Davis, USA andL Brussaard, Wageningen University, The Netherlandswww.agrobiodiversity-diversitas.orgagroBIODIVERSITY addresses the trade-offsbetween food production, biodiversityconservation and ecosystem services inagricultural landscapes, which can bedescribed as mosaics of agricultural fields,natural/wild land, and urban areas.Agrobiodiversity science forsustainable agricultural landscapesThe main project of agroBIODIVERSITYentitled “Assessment and AdaptiveManagement of Biodiversity in AgriculturalLandscapes: A Global Perspective”aims at: 1) synthesising literature anddata on biodiversity utilisation andconservation in agricultural landscapes;2) cataloguing approaches for assessmentof biophysical and socioeconomictradeoffs in biodiversity-friendlylandscape management; and 3) comparingthese interactions across eight sitesalong a global gradient of agriculturalintensification.The eight study sites are: 1) Jambi,Sumatra, Indonesia; 2) Western Ghats,India; 3) Eastern Amazon, Brazil; 4) Zonada Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 5) LaSepultura, Chiapas, Mexico; 6) HoekscheWaard, The Netherlands; 7) SacramentoValley, California, USA; 8) Koubri CentralPlateau, Burkina Faso. Each site includesexamples of biodiversity-friendlymanagement, aimed at simultaneouslysupporting sustainable agriculturalproduction and biodiversity conservation.On-going research at these networksites is providing scientific data on theinterconnections between biodiversity,ecosystem services and socioeconomicsustainability.Additional activities in 2010-11ZZSeptember 2010 (Montpellier, France):Contributions to the conference of theEuropean Society of Agronomy. L Jacksonand L Brussaard were keynote speakerson the following topics: “Reconcilingbiodiversity conservation and foodsecurity” (LB) and “Biodiversity as abasis for agroecosystem functioning:investigating mechanisms at multiplescales” (LJ).ZZNovember 2010 (Chiapas, Mexico):3-day planning workshop on“Intensification pathways ofagriculture, agrobiodiversity, andlandscape functions in relation tovulnerability, resilience and adaptationto climate change of rural livelihoods”(agroBIODIVERSITY, ICRAF and CCAFS).ZZMarch 2011 (Arizona, USA):agroBIODIVERSITY symposium at theResilience Conference on “Sustainableweighting of ecology-economicstradeoff (SWEET): Agrobiodiversity,sustainability and sustainagility acrossland use intensification gradients in aglobal comparative study”.ZZL Jackson is a member of the TechnicalAdvisory Group on “Increasingproduction through the management ofbiodiversity and ecosystem services”,within the context of Sustainable CropProduction Intensification (SCPI), whichis a new core theme of the FAO’s PlantProduction and Protection Division.ZZParticipation in The European LearningNetwork on Functional Agrobiodiversity(ELN-FAB) aiming at knowledge sharingbetween scientists, policy makers,farmers and other land managers(www.eln-fab.eu).ZZagroBIODIVERSITY Scientific CommitteeMembers have contributed to variousadvisory committees, policy debatesand outreach programmes on (agro)biodiversity conservation at nationaland regional levels.International Project OfficeFelix Bianchi joined the agroBIODIVERSITYIPO to work on the interactions betweenbiodiversity, sustainable agriculture andmultiple ecosystem services across theeight agroBIODIVERSITY sites.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 17

freshwaterBIODIVERSITYChair: M A Palmer, University of Maryland, Solomons, USAwww.diversitas-international.org/freshwaterbiodiversityfreshwaterBIODIVERSITY aims toestablish the scientific basis for effectiveconservation measures and actions,thereby ensuring a sustainable use offreshwater resources and of the ecosystemgoods and services they provide.Environmental flowsThe long-term aim of this activity is toidentify robust indicators of river ecosystemhealth that can be reported at the globalscale, in order to determine: 1) how muchflow variables can be modified withoutmajor degradation to river ecosystems;and 2) how this is likely to vary betweenbiomes and climatic regions. The outputof the last years activities on this topicwas the publication of a special issue ofFreshwater Biology “Environmental Flows:science and management” by ArthingtonAH, McClain ME, Naiman RJ and Nilsson C(2010). See page 32.Rivers in Crisis study – DIVERSITAS/GWSP projectThis ongoing effort produced in 2010 thefirst multi-factor, high resolution geospatialassessment of the state of contemporaryriver ecosystems, presenting global-scalegeographies of impairment, arising fromthe management and mismanagement ofwater, watersheds, and fisheries; local andtransboundary pollution; and introducedspecies. The results were published by CVorosmarty and P McIntyre in September2010 in Nature 467: 555-561. DIVERSITASand GWSP organised a media campaignaround this paper leading to an importantmedia coverage.Freshwater biodiversity andecosystem servicesThe main goal of this activity is to bring, ina joint framework, the following projects:ZZEU-Biofresh project (Leader: KTockner): 1) to build an informationplatform as a gateway for scientificresearch on freshwater biodiversity;2) to raise awareness of the importanceof freshwater biodiversity and its rolein providing ecosystem services; and3) to predict the future responses offreshwater biodiversity to multiplestressors in the face of global change.More information on the activities heldin 2010-11 can be found at:www.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/ZZAquaBase – Biophysical basis offreshwater ecosystem services (Leader:M Palmer). The proposal submitted toUS-EPA to co-fund this project wassuccessful and the leadership team withmembers from Australia, Germany, USA,and South Africa met in June 2010 todiscuss Aquabase implementation.Launch of a Global FreshwaterConsortiumThis is a DIVERSITAS activity initiatedjointly with the EU Biofresh project, andlaunched in February 2011 at a meetingin Montserrat, Spain. The goal of thisFreshwater Consortium is to enhancecommunication and coordination amongthe many groups working on research andconservation of freshwater biodiversityand ecosystems. This consortiumis an informal group open to majororganisations and research/conservationprojects on freshwater biodiversity.The goal of the first meeting was toidentify 1) priorities of each majorgroup/project, and 2) global prioritiesfor conservation and sustainability offreshwater ecosystems and biodiversity.Science-policy activities: WorldWater Week (WWW)In the context of its collaboration withthe GEO BON – freshwater ecosystemsworking group, freshwaterBIODIVERSITYco-organised a symposium on “MonitoringFreshwater Ecosystem Change – acomponent of the ‘Group on EarthObservations Biodiversity ObservationNetwork’ (GEO BON)”, 5-11 September2010, Stockholm, Sweden.18 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA)Chair: C Körner, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Switzerlandhttp://gmba.unibas.ch and www.mountainbiodiversity.orgThe Global Mountain BiodiversityAssessment (GMBA) is a Cross-cuttingNetwork of DIVERSITAS. It activelyexplores and explains the great biologicalrichness of the mountains of theworld. GMBA seeks to provide input topolicy makers and stakeholders for theconservation and sustainable use ofbiodiversity in mountain regions.Mountain Biodiversity PortalGMBA, in cooperation with the GlobalBiodiversity Information Facility (GBIF),released on 10 May 2010, the MountainBiodiversity Portal(www.mountainbiodiversity.org).The portal allows exploring GBIF’sbiodiversity archive data for mountainregions, from region to globe, or bymountain life zones (such as the treelessalpine zone).International GMBA-DIVERSITASconference “Functional significanceof mountain biodiversity”(July 2010, Chandolin, Switzerland)To celebrate the 10 th anniversary ofGMBA-DIVERSITAS and the InternationalYear of Biodiversity 2010, GMBAorganised a conference on variousmountain biodiversity themes, attendedby 130 participants from 27 countries.Conference webcast (videos of each talk),abstracts of the conference (talks andposters) available on GMBA web site.Training workshop on “Open accessto, and publication of, mountainbiodiversity data of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region”(June 2010, Kathmandu, Nepal)GMBA, together with GBIF and ICIMOD,held a workshop in order to improverelevant biodiversity data from theHimalayan region and to provide openaccess to high quality geo-referencedbiodiversity information.International conference: “Globalchange and the world’s mountains”,(September 2010, Perth, Scotland)GMBA organised the 3 Sessions onmountain biodiversity and KatherineDickinson, New Zealand, SC-GMBA Member,gave a keynote address.Ongoing projectsZZJoint Research Project with SNF/SCOPESin the Central Caucasus in Georgia:“Mountain biodiversity in the Caucasusand its functional significance”.Z Z “IMpacts of EXtreme CLIMatic Eventson ecosystem functioning in alpinegrasslands (IMEXCLIME)”, a study in theSwiss Alps supported by Syngenta.Outlook on activities in 2011ZZUpgrade of the mountain biodiversitydata portal, engaging the mountainbiodiversity research community morestrongly in the open access and sharingof biodiversity realm provided by GBIF.ZZExpanding Long-Term EcologicalResearch (LTER) sites to an alpinenetwork in the GMBA framework toform a nucleus of core sites that willuse common protocols to ensure datacomparability.MIREN (Mountain Invasion ResearchNetwork, www.miren.ethz.ch) andGLORIA (Global Observation ResearchInitiative in Alpine Environments,www.gloria.ac.at) are inititativesassociated to GMBA.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 19

ecoHEALTHBuilding bridges between biodiversity science and healthChair: P Daszak, Consortium for Conservation Medicine, Wildlife Trust, USAwww.diversitas-international.org/ecohealthThere is a growing understanding of theway environmental changes (land usechange, wildlife trade, deforestation,climate change, and others) affect thehealth of wild and domestic animals,plants and humans. These changes aredrivers of disease emergence in wildlife,humans, domestic animals and plants.Those changes will not only affect humanhealth, but will also have an importanteconomical cost.ecoHEALTH aims at providing 1) a fora tobring scientists from natural, social andmedical sciences together to address theseissues; 2) a conceptual framework to carryout research on these topics; 3) accurateinformation to decision-makers.The DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTHEconomics of Emerging Diseasesproject (DEEED)The objective of DEEED is to provide a bioeconomicmodelling framework to evaluatethe risk posed by Emerging InfectiousDiseases (EIDs) from wildlife in trade. Thisincludes formulation of the underlyingmodel describing the transport of infectedwildlife to new destinations, deriving thedistribution of the net present value forevaluating the underlying economics, andproviding a risk management strategy formaking decisions. DEEED developed a bioeconomicmodelling framework to evaluatethe risk of EIDs from wildlife in trade,and collected data from several studieddiseases to test the model.June 2010 and March 2011 (New York,USA)DEEED organised its 3 rd and 4 th meetingto refine the model and work on twomanuscripts being in preparation.The DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH onBiodiversity and Emerging DiseasesSubgroup (DEBED)This project is based on studies showingthat the properties of local speciesrichcommunities would protect againstinvaders and pathogens. The so-called“dilution effect” theory may representa “flag” for research on biodiversityand ecosystem services. Alternatively,papers have shown that at large spatialscales, increased biodiversity is linkedto increasing risk of zoonotic diseasesin people (disease from wildlife). Theobjective of DEBED is to develop causalinference in emerging disease ecology,in which the dilution effect phenomenonis part of something more complex:What are the main ecological drivers ofemerging infectious diseases (beforeany consideration on the possibility of adilution effect)? What does the dilutioneffect phenomenon mirror exactly?August 2010 (London, UK)DEBED met for the first time, back to backwith the EcoHealth conference. The groupidentified important issues related tobiodiversity change and emerging diseaseand some key issues to be addressed byDEBED as well as potential products.Science-policy activitiesJune 2010 (New York, USA)ecoHEALTH policy meetingSC-ecoHEALTH and representatives of theNatural Resources Defense Council (NRDC),GISP, and Conservation International heldthis meeting to review the current stateof the art on policy initiatives related tothe wildlife trade, and discuss synergisticresearch and policy agendas as well aspotential joint initiatives.Discussions with the Convention onBiological Diversity on biodiversity andhealth are also ongoing.20 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Global Invasive SpeciesProgramme (GISP)Chair: W Jackson, IUCN, Gland, Switzerlandwww.gisp.orgGISP was established in 1996 as aninternational non-for-profit partnershipdedicated to tackling the global threat ofinvasive species, whose impacts cost atleast US$ 1.4 trillion annually. Establishedin response to the first internationalmeeting on invasive species held inTrondheim in 1996, GISP aimed to providepolicy support to international agreementsof relevance to invasive species,specifically Article 8(h) of the Conventionon Biological Diversity (CBD), and toraise awareness of the threats posed byinvasive species globally. GISP’s goal wasthat by 2020, a majority of countrieswould have the necessary policies in placeto implement their national biosecuritystrategies and action plans.2010 was United Nations declared‘International Year of Biodiversity’ andwith invasive species constituting the2 nd biggest threat to biodiversity, it was acritically important year for GISP.Highlights of 2010 included:ZZGISP played its biggest role to date insupporting the CBD on invasive speciesand development of the new CBDStrategic Plan (2011-2020), includingnotably, Target 9 on invasive species;ZZApril 2010 (Auckland, New Zealand)Co-organisation of a workshopaddressing the dual challenges ofinvasive species and climate changeon islands, “Helping Islands Adapt:A Regional Workshop on RegionalAction to Combat Invasive Species onIslands to Preserve Biodiversity andAdapt to Climate Change”. It generatedand revised a mapping of relevantinitiatives and activities on invasivespecies in the targeted regions,identified individuals for participationand input, led outreach to theCaribbean and Europe, and assisted infund-raising efforts;ZZPublication of two pioneering WorldBank-funded reports on invasivespecies in relation to climate changeand gender, respectively;ZZPublication of the 1 st Global Indicatoron invasive species, under the auspicesof the GEF-funded, 2010 BiodiversityIndicators Partnership (2010 BIP)initiative.Sadly, despite these accomplishments,in the aftermath of the global economicrecession, GISP was unable to attractadequate investment from donors orpartners and towards the end of 2010,the decision to close the GISP Secretariatwas taken, while the GISP Partnership haseffectively entered a dormant phase.As a component of the DIVERSITAS’research projects portfolio for 13 years,the relationship between GISP andDIVERSITAS evolved towards a strongpartnership focusing on science-policyactivities in 2009. DIVERSITAS takes thisopportunity to re-emphasise the greatachievements of GISP both in termsof advancing the science of invasivespecies and bringing issues related toinvasive species at the forefront of policydecisions.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 21

EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE PARTNERSHIPDeveloping a common strategy for integrative globalenvironmental change research and outreachwww.essp.orgThe Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP)facilitates the study of the Earth’s environment as anintegrated system in order to understand how andwhy it is changing, and to explore the implications ofthese changes for global and regional sustainability.The Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP)The ESSP is a partnership between the following programmes:ZZZZZZDIVERSITASInternational Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)International Human Dimensions Programme on globalenvironmental change (IHDP)ZZWorld Climate Research Programme (WCRP)Joint research projects on carbon dynamics, waterand health are ongoing and Global EnvironmentalChange and Food Systems (GECAFS) successfully completed its project on 31 March 2011. In December 2010 ESSP togetherwith the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) launched its new project on Climate Change,Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).In 2010-11, the ESSP actively engaged in the development of the next decade of global sustainability research, includingthrough ICSU and ISSC visioning process to develop a new Earth System Science Initiative.The ESSP is grateful for financial support of IGFAmember countries in 2010: Austria (Ministry forEducation, Science and Culture), France (INSU-CNRS), Germany (DFG), Norway (Research Council),Taiwan (NSC), UK (NERC), and the USA (NSF).ESSP Joint Projects include:ZZGWSP – Global Water System ProjectZZGECAFS – Global Environmental Change and Food Systems (completed)ZZGCP – Global Carbon ProjectZZGECHH – Global Environmental Change and Human HealthESSP Regional Projects include:ZZMAIRSZZCCAFSEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE PARTNERSHIPChairRik LeemansWageningen UniversityScience OfficerAda IgnaciukEmail: Ada.Ignaciuk@essp.orgCoordinatorMartin RiceEmail: mrice@essp.orgwww.essp.orgESSPc/o DIVERSITASMuséum National d’Histoire NaturelleMaison Buffon57 rue Cuvier – CP 4175231 Paris Cedex 05FranceTel: + 33 1 40 79 80 42Fax: + 33 1 40 79 80 4522 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

InternationalProject OfficescoordinateESSP JointProjectsCo-chairs and Programme OfficersGlobal Water System ProjectCo-chairsClaudia Pahl-WostlUniversity of Osnabrueck, GermanyCharles VörösmartyCUNY Global Environmental Sensing andWater Sciences Initiative, USAExecutive OfficerJanos BogardiUniversity of Bonn, GermanyContactGlobal Environmental Change and Human HealthCo-chairsMark RosenbergQueen’s University, Kingston, CanadaUlisses ConfalonieriNational School of Public Health, BrazilProject OfficerLucilla SpiniUnited Nations University Institute for Water,Environment and Health, CanadaGlobal Carbon ProjectCo-chairsAnand PatwardhanIndian Institute of Technology-Bombay, IndiaPhilippe CiaisCommissariat à l’Energie Atomique, FranceCorinne Le QuéréUniversity of East Anglia/British AntarcticSurvey , UKExecutive DirectorPep CanadellCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research,Canberra, AustraliaGlobal Environmental Change and Food SystemsChairDiana LivermanUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USAExecutive OfficerJohn IngramOxford University, Oxford, UKwww.gwsp.orgGlobal Water System ProjectInternational Project Officec/o Center for Development Research (ZEF)Walter-Flex-Str. 353113 BonnGermanyTel: +49 228 73 6188Email: gwsp.ipo@uni-bonn.dewww.gechh.unu.eduGlobal Environmental Change and HumanHealthc/o United Nations University Institute forWater, Environment and Health175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204Hamilton, ONL8P 0A1, CanadaTel: +1 905 667 5887Email: spinil@inweh.unu.eduwww.globalcarbonproject.orgGlobal Carbon ProjectInternational Project OfficeCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchGPO Box 3023Canberra, ACT 2601AustraliaTel: +61 2 6246 5631Email: pep.canadell@csiro.auwww.gecafs.orgGlobal Environmental Change and FoodSystems 1International Project OfficeEnvironmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentOxford University, South Parks RoadOxford, OX1 3QY, UKTel: +44 1865 285176Email: info@gecafs.org1. GECAFS closed on 31 March 2011SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 23

Global Water System Project (GWSP)Co-chairs: C Pahl-Wostl, University of Osnabrueck, Germany, and C Vörösmarty, The City University of New York, USAwww.gwsp.orgThe central research questions of the GWSPare: “How are humans changing the globalwater cycle, the associated biogeochemicalcycles, and the biological components of theglobal water system and what are the socialfeedbacks arising from these changes?” Inorder to address these questions, the GWSPlaunched three Global Initiatives:1) Global Scale Initiative (GSI): Rankingof Threats to the Global Water System2) Global Catchment Initiative (GCI):Bringing the Global Perspective toRiver Basin Research and Management3) Global Water Needs Initiative (GWNI):Assessment of the water needs ofhumans and ecosystems.In 2010, GSWP highlights includeda workshop (February 2010) and aconference (December 2010) on theGlobal Catchment Initiative; a sciencepanel session at the World Water Dayin collaboration with UNEP (March 2010)in Nairobi, a Scientific Communiqué onWater Quality Challenges and Responses;a workshop on Global Water Governance(October 2010); and an article byVörösmarty et al. (jointly produced withDIVERSITAS) on the “Global threats tohuman water security and river biodiversity”(Nature 467: 555-561). The Naturearticle revealed the serious threats toriver biodiversity due to significanttechnological interventions implementedin developed countries as they attempt toimprove human water security.Global Environmental Change and HumanHealth (GECHH)Co-chairs: M Rosenberg, Queen’s University, Canada and U Confalonieri, National School of Public Health, Brazilwww.gechh.unu.eduThe main research objectives of theproject are to:1) Identify and quantify health risksposed by Global Environmental Change,now and in the reasonably foreseeable(scenario) future2) Describe spatial (geographic, interpopulation)and temporal differencesin health risks, to better understandvulnerabilities and, therefore,intervention priorities3) Develop adaptation strategies toreduce health risks, assess their costeffectiveness,and communicate results4) Foster research training, to boostnetworked international researchcapacity in Global EnvironmentalChange and Human Health.Highlights included opening the GECHHInternational Project Office hosted by theUnited Nations University Institute forWater, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) in January 2010. In 2010, GECHHfocused on the impacts of GEC and humanhealth through water quality, as reflectedby the GECHH and UNU-INWEH Symposiumon “Global Environmental Change andHuman Health: Protecting Water Quality”in Hamilton, Canada (October 2010) andpresentation of symposium outcomesat international fora, including at theSecond Meeting of the Parties (MOP-2)to the Protocol on Water and Health tothe Convention on the Protection andUse of Transboundary Watercourses andInternational Lakes in Bucharest, Romania(November 2010).24 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Global Carbon Project (GCP)Co-chairs: A Patwardhan, Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council, New Delhi, India;P Ciais, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, France; and C Le Quéré, University of East Anglia and British Antarctica Survey, UKwww.globalcarbonproject.orgThe main added value of the GCP isintegration of multiple componentsof the carbon cycle into a coherentpicture, which includes both natural andhuman components. This integration isimplemented at the global and regionalscales to understand 1) the drivers ofatmospheric CO 2 accumulation, 2) themagnitude of the carbon-climatefeedback, and 3) points of intervention inmanaging future carbon trajectories.Major activities in 2010-11 includedthe release of the annual GlobalCarbon Budget updates, the REgionalCarbon Cycle Assessment and Processes(RECCAP), vulnerability of carbon pools(e.g. permafrost), and the Urban andRegional Carbon Management (URCM).The project has now finished its firstten-year phase. It published specialissues in two Journals in 2010, a numberof high profile papers including a globalCO 2 budget in Nature-Geoscience, and aten-year synthesis brochure summarisingoutcomes of recent activities. GCP isemphasising more regional activities (e.g.RECCAP) in addition to its global work.GCP has outlined an emerging carboncycle research agenda in a paper publishedin Current Opinion in EnvironmentalSustainability (Canadell et al, COSUST,2010), as a basis for GCP’s evolvingresearch agenda for its next phase.Global Environmental Change and FoodSystems (GECAFS)Chair: D Liverman, University of Arizona, USAwww.gecafs.orgGECAFS was launched in 2001 to determinestrategies to cope with the impactsof GEC on food systems and to assessthe environmental and socioeconomicconsequences of adaptive responses aimedat improving food security. In addition tosetting a comprehensive, interdisciplinaryGEC research agenda on the linksbetween environment and food security,GECAFS established, from the outset,formal research partnerships with threeinternational organisations concerned withGEC, food and agriculture: the ConsultativeGroup on International Agriculture Research(CGIAR); the UN Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO); and the UN WorldMeteorological Organisation (WMO).Highlights in 2010 included the publicationof the GECAFS synthesis book entitled“Food Security and Global EnvironmentalChange” which involved contributions from55 researchers from all regions of the world.This book provided a major, accessiblesynthesis of the current state of knowledgeand thinking on the relationships betweenglobal environmental change and foodsecurity.The GECAFS project ended on 31 March2011.The GECAFS community is currentlyinvolved in the Climate Change,Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)project. Activities include developmentof scenarios to help inform decisionmaking under uncertainty andpartnerships between earth systemscientists and international agriculturalresearch centres.SECTION 1 I DIVERSITAS SCIENCE 25

DIVERSITAS at the interfacebetween science and policymaking: Contributing toassessmentsDIVERSITAS has worked hard on promoting IPBES, the envisaged assessmentmechanism for biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has contributed toGBO-3, the regular assessment mechanism of the CBD.Toward anIntergovernmentalPlatform onBiodiversity andEcosystem Services,IPBEShttp://ipbes.netI. The formal IPBES processJune 2010: 3 rd and final formalconsultation supports establishmentof an IPBESGovernments, UN agencies, scientificorganisations and the NGO communitymet a 3 rd and final time to deliberate onIPBES (Busan, Republic of Korea). Theyproduced the Busan outcome in whichparticipants agree that an IPBES shouldbe established.December 2010: The UN GeneralAssembly gives green light to UNEP toconvene the first plenary of IPBESThis first plenary will be organised inthe form of two sessions, to fullyoperationalise IPBES in 2011-12.February 2011: The UNEP GoverningCouncil endorses the decision toorganise the first plenary of IPBES.Next steps: First plenary of IPBESThe first plenary of IPBES will beorganised in two sessions, a first one(3-7 October, Nairobi, Kenya) to agreeon governance, rules of procedure, andhosting arrangements, and a secondone (early 2012) to focus on theprogramme of work of IPBES.II. The contribution ofDIVERSITAS to the IPBES processTo the formal processDIVERSITAS has been representedby a delegation at the threeintergovernmental and multistakeholderconsultations. At the 3 rd meeting inBusan (June 2010), DIVERSITAS wasrepresented by its Chair, H Mooney, andExecutive Director, A Larigauderie, whomade a number of plenary interventionson all aspects of IPBES.Anne Larigauderie, Executive Directorof DIVERSITAS, was appointed byICSU as the ICSU representative in theIPBES process. In this capacity, shecoordinates the input of ICSU to theplenary planning group for IPBES hostedby UNEP, of which ICSU is a member.Additional contributionsFebruary 2010: CBD-PreCOP10(Nagoya, Japan); successful plenaryscience-policy dialog on IPBES withJapanese Vice-Minister of Environment;300 participants (DIVERSITAS/Government of Japan/Secretariat CBD);April 2010: US consultation onIPBES (Washington DC) USNC DIVERSITAS,UNEP regional office North America;26 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

May 2010:> Publication: Larigauderie and Mooney:IPBES: moving a step closer to an IPCClikemechanism for biodiversity. 2010,COSUST, 2: 9-14;> Side event on IPBES at CBD-SBSTTA14,Nairobi, (DIVERSITAS-IUCN-ICSU-IHDP-UNEP);October 2010: Side event on IPBESat CBD-COP10, Nagoya (DIVERSITAS-IUCN-ICSU-IHDP-UNEP);March 2011: Publication: Perrings,Duraiappah, Larigauderie and Mooney:The Biodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesScience Policy Interface. Science. 2011.331: 1139-40June 2011: Informal meetingof scientific organisations interested inIPBES, convened by ICSU (DIVERSITAS/IHDP); hosted by UNESCO. Focus on thegeneration of knowledge function ofIPBES.Global BiodiversityOutlook 3 (GBO- 3):Projections of21 st century changein biodiversity andassociated ecosystemserviceshttp://gbo3.cbd.intDIVERSITAS-bioDISCOVERY (P Leadley,H Pereira) together with UNEP-WCMC coordinated a synthesis andcritical analysis of existing global andregional biodiversity scenarios as acontribution to GBO-3, commissionedby the Secretariat of the Convention onBiological Diversity.GBO-3 was officially launched on May10, 2010, at CBD-SBSTTA 14. Thereport, entitled “Biodiversity Scenarios:Projections of 21 st century change inbiodiversity and associated ecosystemservices”, CBD Technical Report No. 50,can be found here: www.cbd.int/gbo3review/The GBO-3 report received a great deal ofattention at SBSTTA 14 and COP10 andserved as a scientific basis to supportthe decision by delegates that the 2010biodiversity target had not been reached.Part of this work was recently publishedin: Pereira, Leadley et al. Scenarios forGlobal Biodiversity in the 21 st Century.Science 330: 1496-1501.DIVERSITAS is acknowledged for this workby COP10 in Decision X/4.GBO-3 made a series of four overarchingconclusions:1) Projections of global change impactson biodiversity show continuing, andin many cases, accelerating speciesextinctions, loss of natural habitat,and changes in the distribution andabundance of species and biomes overthe 21 st century;2) Thresholds, amplifying feedbacks andtime-lag effects leading to “tippingpoints” are widespread, and make theimpacts of global change on biodiversityhard to predict, difficult to control oncethey begin, and slow and expensive toreverse once they have occurred;3) For many important cases the degradationof ecosystem services goes hand-inhandwith species extinctions, decliningspecies abundance, or widespread shiftsin species and biome distributions.However, conservation of biodiversity andof some ecosystem services, especiallyprovisioning services, are often at odds;4) Strong action at international,national and local levels to mitigatedrivers of biodiversity change andto develop adaptive managementstrategies could significantly reduceor reverse undesirable and dangerousbiodiversity transformations if urgently,comprehensively and appropriatelyapplied.SECTION 2 I Assessment 27

Building a globalbiodiversity observationsystem: GEO BONwww.diversitas-international.org/geo-bonBackground: the Global EarthObservation System of Systems(GEOSS)The Group of Earth Observations (GEO;http://earthobservations.org/) hasinitiated a process to build a GEOSS,designed around nine Societal BenefitAreas (SBAs): disasters, health, energy,water, weather, ecosystems, agricultureand biodiversity.DIVERSITAS, US-NASA, and EU-EBONEhave accepted the lead in coordinatingthe early planning stages towardsthe establishment of this globalbiodiversity observation system. Wecall the system and the partners whodevelop it “GEO-BON”, which standsfor “Group of Earth Observations –Biodiversity Observation Network”.GEO BON is being built by some 100governmental and non-governmentalorganisations.The vision of GEO BONThe vision of GEO BON is for acoordinated, global network thatgathers and sharesinformation onbiodiversity,provides tools for data integration andanalysis, and contributes to improvingenvironmental management and humanwell-being.The first GEO BONimplementation planGEO BON released the first version of itsimplementation plan on 22 May 2010(International Day of Biodiversity) atCBD-SBSTTA 14. The implementationplan proposes to the global observingcommunity activities and deliverablesat the genetic, species and ecosystemlevels, including ecosystem services,in terrestrial, freshwater and marineecosystems.GEO BON contributes to theimplementation of the StrategicPlan for Biodiversity 2011-2020In response to a request made byCBD-COP10, the GEO BON communityproduced the GEO BON Adequacyreport of Biodiversity ObservationsSystems to support the CBD 2020Targets. This report constitutes thefirst attempt to assess the adequacyof global observation systems for themonitoring of biodiversity, specificallyin relation to the information needsof the twenty ‘Aichi targets’ defined bythe Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) for the period 2011-2020.Key developments in 2010-11May 2010:> GEO BON implementation plan (v 1.0)released and presented at CBD-SBSTTA14 (side event, Nagoya, Japan).June 2010:> 2 nd SC-GEO BON meeting (Cambridge,UK)> GEO BON secretariat establishedin Pretoria, S-Africa (CSIR). MicheleWalters is the science officer.28 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

October 2010:> CBD-COP10 (Nagoya, Japan) in DecisionX/7: (…) requests the Executive Secretaryto invite GEO BON (…) to prepare anevaluation of existing observationcapabilities relevant to the targetscontained in the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-2020 (…)> GEO BON side event at CBD-COP10.March 2011:> GEO BON meeting (Wageningen, NL) torespond to invitation in COP10 decisionX/7; Production of an adequacy report ofexisting observation capabilities for the2020 targets.Landmark documents> GEO BON concept document (October 2008)> GEO BON implementation plan version 1.0(May 2010)> GEO BON Adequacy of BiodiversityObservations Systems to support the CBD2020 Targets (May 2011)Role of DIVERSITASThe initial role of DIVERSITAS has been tocoordinate the development of the GEOBON concept and implementation plan,and to ensure, in particular, that GEOBON develops within a robust scientificframework.Since 2010, DIVERSITAS has focused itscontribution to GEO BON, around threesets of activities:1) Science-policy work: RepresentGEO BON at CBD (Decision X/7)and IPBES, and position GEO BONwithin the science-policy interfaceas the global observing system forbiodiversity;2) Support activities (funding andcoordination) of two of the workinggroups, selected because they need astrong scientific contribution:a) The genetic diversity group (viabioGENESIS / D Faith-T Yahara) andb) The ecosystem services group(H Mooney); coordination viathe bioDISCOVERY project office(C Krug);3) Occasional support to otherworking groups (e.g. freshwaterGEO BON working group membersfunded to attend DIVERSITASfreshwaterBIODIVERSITYworkshops).SECTION 3 I Observations 29

DIVERSITAS at the interfacebetween science and policymaking: Contribution tothe work of ConventionsDIVERSITAS is playing an increasingly important role at the interfacebetween science and policy. In 2010, it contributed actively to the workof the CBD, and together with the Earth System Science Partnership, alsocollaborated to the work of the Convention on Climate Change, the UNFCCC.Convention onBiological Diversity1-Contribution to the evaluationof progress against the 2010biodiversity targets: The ThirdGlobal Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-3)DIVERSITAS-bioDISCOVERY (P Leadley,H Pereira) together with UNEP-WCMCcoordinated a synthesis and criticalanalysis of existing global and regionalbiodiversity scenarios as a contributionto GBO-3, which served as a scientificbasis to support the decision by CBDdelegates that the 2010 biodiversitytargets had not been reached. See thisreport page 27.2- Contribution to the StrategicPlan for Biodiversity 2011-2020CBD-COP10 adopted in Nagoya, Japan,in October 2010, the Strategic Planfor Biodiversity 2011-2020and the Aichi BiodiversityTargets (the “20 targets for 2020”), amajor document that will shape thebiodiversity policy landscape for thenext 10 years.DIVERSITAS contributed to thediscussions on the 2020 targets, in thefollowing ways:PAPERSMace et al. 2010. Biodiversity targetsafter 2010. COSUST. 2(1):3-8; acontribution from the SC-DIVERSITAS.Larigauderie, Mace and Mooney. 2010.Colour-coded targets would help clarifybiodiversity priorities, Letter to Nature.464:160.Perrings et al. 2010. Ecosystem servicesand the 2020 targets. Science. 330:323-324.Perrings et al. 2011. Ecosystemservices and targets setting for theconservation and sustainable use ofbiodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology andthe Environment. In pressPresentations/workshops/side eventsJanuary 2010:Presentation of the views of thescientific community on 2020 targets(A Larigauderie), as part of theformal CBD consultation processon biodiversity targets (Trondheim,Norway)February 2010:PreCOP10 meeting (with Japan Ministryof Environment and Secretariat CBD)(Nagoya, Japan)March 2010:ecoSERVICES workshop “Targets and30 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

and tools for determiningenvironmental flows forriparian vegetation: riparianvegetation-flow responseguilds. Freshwater Biology.55(1): 206-225• Dunbar MJ, Pedersen ML,Cadman D, Extence C,Waddingham J, Chadd Rand Larsen SE. 2010. Riverdischarge and local-scalephysical habitat influencemacroinvertebrate LIFEscores. Freshwater Biology.55(1): 226-242• Stewart-Koster B, BunnSE, Mackay SJ, LeroyPoff N, Naiman RJ andLake PS. 2010. The use ofBayesian networks to guideinvestments in flow andcatchment restoration forimpaired river ecosystems.Freshwater Biology. 55(1):243-260Davis CC, Edwards EJ andDonoghue MJ. 2010. Aclades-eye view of globalclimate change. Pp. 623-627in Bell, M. A., D. J. Futuyma,W. F. Eanes, and J. S. Levinton(eds.). Evolution since Darwin:The First 150 Years. Sinauer,SunderlandDudgeon D. 2010. Prospectsfor sustaining freshwaterbiodiversity in the 21 stcentury: linking ecosystemstructure and function. CurrentOpinion in EnvironmentalSustainability. 2(5-6):422–430Hendry AP, Lohmann LG,Cracraft J, Tillier S, HaeuserC, Faith DP, Magallon S,Conti E, Zardoya R, Kogure K,Prieur-Richard AH, CrandallKA, Joly CA, Moritz C,Yahara T and Donoghue MJ.2010. Evolutionary biologyin biodiversity science,conservation, and policy: Acall to action. Evolution. 64:1517-1528Körner C and Basler D. 2010.Phenology Under GlobalWarming. Science. 327(5972):1461-1462Körner et al. 2011. Specialissue of the Journal PlantEcology & Diversity, featuringresearch presented at theGMBA conference in Chandolin,Switzerland. In pressLarigauderie A, Mace GM andMooney HA. 2010. Colourcodedtargets would helpclarify biodiversity priorities.Nature. 464(7286): 160Larigauderie A and MooneyHA (eds). Special issue.2010. Current Opinion inEnvironmental Sustainability(COSUST). 2 (1-2). Contentincludes:• Faith DP, Magallón S,Hendry AP, Conti E, YaharaT and Donoghue MJ. 2010.Evosystem services: anevolutionary perspectiveon the links betweenbiodiversity and human wellbeing.COSUST. 2(1): 66-74• Jackson L, van NoordwijkM, Bengtsson J, Foster W,Lipper L, Pulleman M, SaidM, Snaddon J and VodouheR. 2010. Biodiversity andagricultural sustainagility:from assessment to adaptivemanagement. COSUST. 2(1):80-87• Kaplan D, Planes S,Fauvelot C, Brochier T,Lett C, Bodin N, Le Loc’hF, Tremblay Y and GeorgesJY. 2010. New tools forthe spatial managementof living marine resources.COSUST. 2(1): 88-93• Larigauderie A andMooney HA. 2010a.The International Yearof Biodiversity: anopportunity to strengthenthe science–policyinterface for biodiversityand ecosystem services.COSUST. (Editorial)• Larigauderie A andMooney HA. 2010b.SECTION 5 I Publications and events 33

PublicationsThe Intergovernmentalscience-policy Platform onBiodiversity and EcosystemServices: moving a stepcloser to an IPCC-likemechanism for biodiversity.COSUST. 2(1): 9-14• Linder HP, Johnson SD,Kuhlmann M, Matthee CA,Nyffeler R and Swartz ER.2010. Biotic diversity in theSouthern African winterrainfallregion. COSUST.2(1): 109-116• Mace GM, Cramer W, DiazS, Faith DP, LarigauderieA, Le Prestre P, PalmerM, Perrings C, Scholes RJ,Walpole M, Walther BA,Watson JEM and MooneyHA. 2010. Biodiversitytargets after 2010. COSUST.2(1): 3-8• Martinez SI and Biber-Klemm S. 2010. Scientists-- take action for access tobiodiversity. COSUST. 2(1):27-33• Nadrowski K, Wirth C andScherer-Lorenzen M. 2010.Is forest diversity drivingecosystem function andservice? COSUST. 2(1): 75-79• O’Farrell PJ and AndersonPML. 2010. Sustainablemultifunctional landscapes:a review to implementation.COSUST. 2(1): 59-65• Pfund JL. 2010.Landscape-scale researchfor conservation anddevelopment in thetropics: fighting persistingchallenges. COSUST. 2(1):117-126• Ring I, Drechsler M, vanTeeffelen AJA, IrawanS and Venter O. 2010.Biodiversity conservationand climate mitigation:what role can economicinstruments play? COSUST.2(1): 15-26• Yahara T, Donoghue M,Zardoya R, Faith D andCracraft J. 2010. Geneticdiversity assessments in thecentury of genome science.COSUST. 2(1): 43-49Leadley P, Pereira HM,Alkemade R, Fernandez-Manjarrés JF, ProençaV, Scharlemann JPWand Walpole MJ. 2010.Biodiversity Scenarios:Projections of 21 st centurychange in biodiversity andassociated ecosystem services.Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversity,Montreal. Technical Series no.50, 132 pagesNaiman RJ and Dudgeon D.2010. Global alteration offreshwaters and influenceson human and environmentalwell-being. Ecological Research:DOI 10.1007/s11284-010-0693-3Nemitz D, Spehn EM,Huettmann F and DickoréWB. 2010. Data mining and agap analysis of the Himalayanplants Plant Database (HUP)for a protection baselineusing the Global MountainBiodiversity Assessment(GMBA) webportal. In:Huettmann F (ed) Protectionof Polar regions. SpringerJapan (in press)Pereira HM, Leadley PW,Proença V, Alkemade R,Scharlemann JPW, Fernandez-Manjarrés JF, Araújo MB,Balvanera P, Biggs R, CheungWWL, Chini L, CooperHD, Gilman EL, GuénetteS, Hurtt GC, HuntingtonHP, Mace GM, Oberdorff T,Revenga C, Rodrigues P,Scholes RJ, Sumaila UR andWalpole M. 2010. Scenariosfor Global Biodiversity inthe 21 st Century. Science.330(6010): 1496-1501Perrings C, Mooney HAand Williamson M (eds).2010. Bioinvasions andGlobalization: Ecology,Economics, Management and34 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Policy, Oxford University Press,OxfordPerrings C, Burgiel S,Lonsdale M, Mooney HA andWilliamson M. 2010. Solvingthe problem of trade-relatedinvasive species risks. Annalsof the New York Academy ofSciences. 1195: 198-212Perrings C, Naeem S,Ahrestani F, BunkerDE, Burkill P, CanzianiG, Elmqvist T, FerratiR, Fuhrman J, Jaksic F,Kawabata Z, Kinzig A, MaceGM, Milano F, Mooney HA,Prieur-Richard AH, TschirhartJ and Weisser W. 2010.Ecosystem services for 2020.Science. 330(6002): 323-324Scherrer D and Körner Ch.2010b. Topographicallycontrolledthermal-habitatdifferentiation buffers alpineplant diversity againstclimate warming. Journal ofBiogeography. 38(2): 406-416Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversity. 2010.Global Biodiversity Outlook 3.Montréal, 94 pagesVörösmarty CJ, McIntyrePB, Gessner MO, Dudgeon D,Prusevich A, Green P, GliddenS, Bunn SE, Sullivan SE,Reidy Liermann C and DaviesPM. 2010. Global Threats toHuman Water Security andRiver Biodiversity. Nature.467(7315): 555-561Wright SJ, Kitajima K, KraftN, Reich P, Wright I, BunkerDE, Condit R, Dalling J,Davies S, Diaz S, EngelbrechtB, Harms K, Hubbell S, MarksC, Ruiz-Jaen M, Salvador Cand Zanne A. 2010. Functionaltraits and the growth-mortalitytradeoff in tropical trees.Ecology. 91(12): 3644-3674Reports andnewslettersDIVERSITAS. 2010. AnnualReport 2009-10. 40 pp.Newsletter 14: DIVERSITAS at aGLANCE. May 2010GMBA report: Impacts ofclimate change on mountainbiodiversity in Europe;published by the Council ofEurope, Convention on theConservation of EuropeanWildlife and Natural Habitats.GMBA brochure: MountainBiodiversity and globalchange; contribution tothe International Year ofBiodiversity (IYB 2010) andCBD-COP10 (Nagoya, Japan,October 2010), in collaborationwith and supported by theSwiss Agency for Developmentand Cooperation and MountainPartnership/FAO.SECTION 5 I Publications and events 35

September 2010freshwaterBIODIVERSITY symposium “Monitoring freshwater ecosystem change – a component of the GEO BON” (with GEO BON)October 20104 side events organised at CBD-COP10:• GBO-3 and beyond (with S-CBD and UNEP-WCMC)• GEO BON: Building a Global Biodiversity Observing System (with GEO, NASA and EU-EBONE)• Toward an IPBES (with IUCN, IHDP, ICSU and UNEP)• Toward a set of targets for 2020 (with UNEP-DEPI)November 2010GEO BON Ecosystem Services working groupagroBIODIVERSITY workshop “Intensification pathways of agriculture, agrobiodiversity, and landscape functions inrelation to vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to climate change of rural livelihoods” (with ICRAF and CCAFS)February 2011Freshwater Consortium Meeting (with EU-BioFRESH)Stockholm, SwedenNagoya, JapanPotsdam, GermanyChiapas, MexicoMontserrat, SpainMarch 2011GEO BON Ecosytem Services working groupSC-DIVERSITASTRY-BBS workshop (with FRB and GIS)bioDISCOVERY conference “Biodiversity scenarios” (with FRB)Paris, FranceParis, FranceParis, FranceParis, France4 th meeting of the DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH Economics of Emerging Diseases project (DEEED) New-York, USAJune 2011bioDISCOVERY Novel Models workshopInformal meeting on IPBES (with ICSU and IHDP); hosted by UNESCOSC-bioGENESISArrabida, PortugalParis, FranceNew York, USASECTION 5 I Publications and events 37

DIVERSITAS COMMITTEESExpanding network strengthensinternational frameworkDIVERSITAS Committees enlarge DIVERSITAS’ scientific and policy networks, therebyhelping to establish crucial links between national biodiversity programmes andinternational framework activities. They also make it possible to implement theDIVERSITAS science plan, adapting where necessary to local and regional concerns.To this end, each DIVERSITAS Committee is encouraged to include representativesfrom three key groups: active scientists, policy makers and managers of nationalbiodiversity programmes.The DIVERSITAS National Committees include:ZZZZFull members, who provide an annual financial contribution to DIVERSITASAffiliated members who have identified a contact point or assembled a nationalcommittee, but who do not contribute financially to the programme.38 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

DIVERSITAS Committees’ initiatives in 2010The following provides examples of activities undertaken by DIVERSITAS Committeesin support of the global science framework.DIVERSITAS National Committees2010(Established committee**)Full MembersArgentinaAustriaBelgium**China – Taipei**France**Germany**Mexico**Norway**Slovak Republic**South AfricaSpain**SwedenSwitzerland**The Netherlands**United Kingdom**USA**Affiliated MembersAustralia**Belarus**BrazilChileChina**EstoniaHungaryIndonesia**Ireland**Japan**KenyaMalawiMoroccoPhilippines**PortugalRussiaSaudi ArabiaVietnamJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilJuneAugustSeptemberOctobeNovember• Chinese National Committee for DIVERSITAS (China)• ASEM Workshop (Vietnam)• Meeting to prepare the decadal Dimensions of Biodiversity campaign of NSF(USA; jointly with National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE)and the Encyclopedia of Life)• Séminaire “Regards Croisés de la science et de la société sur les nouveauxenjeux de la biodiversité” (France)• 2 nd round table discussion on “Climate engineering – Responsibility ofSciences” of the German National Committee on Global Change Research(Germany)• Have biodiversity losses bottomed out in Switzerland? Conference(Switzerland)• Consultation on the Intergovernmental science-policy platform onBiodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) for North America (USA,jointly with US-NAS, UNEP RONA and IUCN)• Benefits of functional agrobiodiversity; new brochure (The Netherlands)• 1 st Conference-Workshop on the Biodiversity in Mindanao Protected Areas(Philippines)• European Alliance of Global Change Research Committees (4 th meeting;Romania)• “Impacts du changement climatique sur la biodiversité en France” workshop(France)• “Adaptation au changement climatique – Session 3 : Forêts, espacesnaturels et biodiversité” workshop (France)• The EurOCEAN 2010 Conference (Belgium)• Microbial Life in Extreme Environments: Ecology, Genetics and IndustrialApplications conference (Spain)• COP10 Side event “Entreprises et biodiversité : coopérer avec les partiesprenantes vers de nouvelles stratégies et pratiques” (France)• COP10 Side event “Interfaces science-politique : exemples venant d’Europe”(France)• Biodiversity: research and action needed beyond 2010 workshop(Switzerland)• LTER meeting (Philippines)• Les rencontres FRB : Devenir de la biodiversité, avenir des sociétés;workshop (France)SECTION 6 I National Committees 39

PeopleDIVERSITAS Scientific CommitteeChairHal MooneyStanford University,USASandra DiazIMBIV,Universidad Nacional de Cordoba,ArgentinaHiroyuki MatsudaFaculty of Environment and InformationSciences Yokohama National University,JapanMembersDavid CooperConvention on Biological Diversity,Montreal, CanadaWolfgang CramerPotsdam Institute for ClimateImpact Research,Postdam, GermanyPeter Daszak 2Consortium for Conservation Medicine,Wildlife Trust, USAAnantha Duraiappah 2United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP),Nairobi, KenyaPhilippe Le PrestreLaval University,CanadaMark Lonsdale (Treasurer)CSIRO Entomology, AustraliaGeorgina Mace (Vice Chair)Imperial College London, UKBelinda Reyers 1Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch – CSIR, South AfricaEugene Rosa 1Washington State University, USARobert Scholes (Vice Chair)Natural Resources and Environment,CSIR, South AfricaBillie L. TurnerSchool of Geographical Sciences and UrbanPlanning, University of Arizona, USAEx-officio Members 3ICSUDeliang ChenICSU,FranceIUBSJean-Marc JallonInstitut de Biologie AnimaleIntégrative et Cellulaire (IBAIC)Université Paris-Sud Orsay,FranceESSPRik LeemansWageningen UniversityCBDAhmed DjoghlafExecutive Secretary, CanadaSCOPELu YonglongChina-CAST, ChinaUNESCOGretchen KalonjiNatural Sciences, UNESCO,France1. Starting first mandate in January 20112. Ending mandate in December 20103. The Chairs of DIVERSITAS Core Projects and Cross-CuttingNetworks serve as ex-officio members of the SC40 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Global Environmental Change ProgrammesIGBPCarlos A NobreCentro de Previsao de Tempo e EstudosClimaticos, BrazilIHDPOran R YoungBren School of Environmental Science andManagement, Santa Barbara, CA, USAWCRPTony BusalacchiUniversity of Maryland,USAInternational Advisory CommitteePartha P DasguptaCambridge University, UKPaul EhrlichStanford University, USADaniel JanzenUniversity of Pennsylvania, USAHiroya KawanabeLake Biwa Museum, JapanJane LubchencoNational Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration, USAMohan MunasingheMunasinghe Institute for Development(MIND), Sri LankaGhillean PranceEDEN Project, UKPeter RavenMissouri Botanical Garden, USACristián SamperSmithsonian Institution, USAJosé SarukhânCONABIO, MexicoPeter-Johan ScheiThe Fridtjof Nansen Institute, NorwayIsmael SerageldinThe Library of Alexandria, EgyptMS SwaminathanMS Swaminathan Research FoundationIndiaEdward O WilsonEO Wilson Biodiversity Foundation, USADIVERSITAS SecretariatAnne LarigauderieExecutive DirectorAnne-Hélène Prieur-RichardDeputy DirectorJulie DardanelliExecutive AssistantKerstin Schmidt-VerkerkWeb AssistantMelinda Seeneevassen/Carole OdouAdministrative AssistantPeople: Committees and Secretariat 41

FinancialSummaryStatement of income and expenditure20101 st January to 31 st December 2010In kind contribution from FranceFrom CNRS-INEE (Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique – Institut d’Ecologieet Environnement): bioDISCOVERY ScienceOfficerFrom MNHN (Muséum National d’HistoireNaturelle): host of secretariatDIVERSITAS hosts and provides in-kindcontribution to the ESSP officeINCOMEEurosNational contributions 572 310USA-NSFFrance-MESRGermany-DFGGermany-BMBFUnited Kingdom-NERCThe Netherlands-NWOThe Netherlands-KNAWBelgium-BelspoSouth Africa-NRFNorway-RCNSwedenSwitzerland-SNSArgentina-CONICETSpainAustriaChina-TaipeiMexicoSlovak RepublicGrants (US-NASA, UNEP, ICRAF-CCAFS) 297 498Other income 219 168TOTAL INCOME 1 088 976EXPENSESScientific activities 805 468Communication 44 525Operating costs 144 982Provision for 2011 94 001TOTAL EXPENSES 1 088 976Mandatory reserve 266 04542 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

AcknowledgementsFunding for the activities of DIVERSITAS was provided through core funding originating from thefollowing:Academia Sinica, China-Taipei Association of Tropical Biodiversity Conservation (ATBC) Center ofExcellence for Asian Conservation Ecology (JSPS), Japan Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicasy Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina EcoHealth Alliance (ex Wildlife Trust) Environment Research &Technology Development Fund, Ministry of Environment, Japan European Council European ScienceFoundation FAPESP-Brazil Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany FederalMinistry of Education, Science and Culture, Austria GBIF German Research Foundation (DFG), GermanyICRAF-CCAFS Ministries of Agriculture and Environment, The Netherlands Ministry of Higher Educationand Research, France Ministry of Science and Technology (MYCT), Spain Mountain Partnership FAO/SDC Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), France (in kind support) National Aeronauticsand Space Administration (NASA), USA National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS-INEE), France(in kind support) National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico National ResearchFoundation (NRF), South Africa National Science Foundation (USGCRP, NSF-GEO, NSF-BIO and NASA), USANatural Environment Research Council (NERC), United Kingdom Network Forum Biodiversity ResearchGermany (DIVERSITAS Deutschland) Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW), The NetherlandsPolitique Scientifique Fédérale de Belgique, Belgium Research Council of Norway (NOW), Norway RoyalNetherlands Society of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands Slovak Academy of Sciences, SlovakRepublic Stockholm Resilience Centre Swedish Secretariat for Environmental Earth System Sciences(SSEESS), Sweden Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland Switzer Foundation UnitedNations Environment Program (UNEP) University of California – Davis, USA Wageningen University,The NetherlandsDIVERSITAS expresses its gratitude to all of these organisations, and to the International Group of FundingAgencies for global change research (IGFA) for their help in promoting dialogue with national fundingagencies, as well as to the French Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) for hosting the DIVERSITASInternational Secretariat.The Scientific Committee of bioDISCOVERY and its community would like to thank the Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique – Institut Ecologie et Environnement (CNRS-INEE) for the sponsorship of thebioDISCOVERY Science Officer position.Acknowledgements 43

AcronymsAHTEG Ad Hoc Technical Expert GroupAP BON Asia Pacific Biodiversity ObservationNetworkAPN Asia Pacific Network for global changeresearchATBC Association of Tropical BiodiversityConservationBESTnet Biodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesTraining NetworkCBD Convention on Biological DiversityCCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and FoodSecurityCEA Commissariat à l’Energie AtomiqueCGIAR Consultative Group on InternationalAgriculture ResearchCNRS Centre National de la RechercheScientifiqueCOE Center of ExcellenceCONABIO Comisión nacional para el conocimientoy uso de la biodiversidad (Mexico)COP Conference Of the PartiesCOSUST Current Opinion in EnvironmentalSustainabilityCSIR Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch (South Africa)CSIRO Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific andIndustrial Research OrganisationDEBED DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH on Biodiversityand Emerging DiseasesDEEED DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH Economics ofEmerging Diseases projectDFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft -German Research FoundationDIWPA DIVERSITAS In Western Pacific AsiaEID Emerging Infectious DiseaseELN-FAB European Learning Network onFunctional AgrobiodiversityESSP Earth System Science PartnershipEU European UnionEU-EBONE European Biodiversity ObservationNetworkFAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFRB Fondation pour la Recherche sur laBiodiversitéGBIF Global Biodiversity Information FacilityGBO3 Global Biodiversity Outlook 3GCI Global Catchment InitiativeGCP Global Carbon ProjectGEC Global Environment ChangeGECAFS Global Environmental Change and FoodSystemsGECHH Global Environmental Change andHuman HealthGEO Group on Earth ObservationGEO-BON Group on Earth ObservationsBiodiversity Observing NetworkGEOSS Global Earth Observation System ofSystemsGISP Global Invasive Species ProgrammeGLORIA Global Observation Research Initiativein Alpine EnvironmentsGMBA Global Mountain BiodiversityAssessmentGSI Global Scale InitiativeGWNI Global Water Needs InitiativeGWSP Global Water System ProjectICRAF World Agroforestry CenterICSU International Council for ScienceIGBP International Geosphere-BiosphereProgrammeIGFA International Group of Funding Agenciesfor global change researchIHDP International Human DimensionsProgramme on global environmentchangeINSU Institut National des Sciences del’UniversIPBES Intergovernmental Platform onBiodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChangeIPO International Project OfficeISSC International Social Science CouncilIUBS International Union of Biological SciencesIUCN International Union for Conservation ofNatureIYB International Year of BiodiversityLTER Long Term Ecological ResearchMIREN Mountain Invasion Research NetworkMNHN Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleMoe Ministry of EnvironmentNASA National Air and Space Administration (USA)NC National CommitteeNCSE US National Council for Science and theEnvironmentNERC Natural Environment Research Council (UK)NGO Non Governmental OrganisationNRDC Natural Resources Defense CouncilNSC National Science CouncilNSF National Science Foundation (USA)OSC Open Science ConferenceRCN Research Council of NorwayRECCAP REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment andProcessRONA Regional Office for North AmericaSBA Societal Benefit AreaSBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific andTechnological AdviceSBSTTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technicaland Technological AdviceSC Scientific CommitteeS-CBD Secretariat of the Convention onBiological DiversitySCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of theEnvironmentSCPI Sustainable Crop ProductionIntensificationSNF Swiss National Science FoundationTEEB The Economics of Ecosystems andBiodiversityUN United NationsUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNEP WCMC UNEP World Conservation MonitoringCentreUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural OrganizationUNFCCC-COPUnited Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change – Conference of thePartiesUNU- United Nations University Institute forINWEH Water, Environment and HealthURCM Urban and Regional Carbon ManagementUSAID United States Agency for InternationalDevelopmentUS-EPA US Environmental Protection AgencyWCRP World Climate Research ProgrammeWFED World Federation of EngineeringOrganisationsWMO World Meteorological Organisation44 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Getting involved…The success of DIVERSITAS is directly related to the voluntary involvement ofscientists and organisations from around the world. The following paragraphs brieflydescribe the primary means of contributing to DIVERSITAS.as a ScientistIn order for you to automatically be registered to receive our electronic newsletter,and regular information about DIVERSITAS, please register on the web site andcomplete the DIVERSITAS Personal Profile. Feel free to contact directly any of theChairs and Science Officers of DIVERSITAS Projects to get more information on how toparticipate yourself or to propose participants in specific activities.as a National CommitteeDIVERSITAS encourages the establishment of National Committees as a mean ofbuilding a truly international network to support integrated biodiversity science.These Committees play an important role in linking national and internationalprogrammes, as well as interacting with policy makers and other stakeholders in theirhome countries. Please visit the National Committees section of the web site for a fulldescription of their role, and find out how to establish a National Committee.as a FunderDIVERSITAS is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation, funded by regularcontributions from its National Members, and by grants from various organisations. Inorder to achieve its objectives, the Programme is actively seeking additional supportfor the following:• Scientific activities• Core activities• Capacity building activitiesFunding DIVERSITAS initiatives provides an excellent opportunity for individuals andorganisations to demonstrate a strong commitment to conservation and sustainableuse of biodiversity. DIVERSITAS welcomes the opportunity to collaborate with privateindustries, non-governmental/inter-governmental organisations, foundations andassociations.If you would like to support our activities, please contact the DIVERSITAS Secretariat.

DIVERSITAS SecretariatMuséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)Maison Buffon57, Rue Cuvier – CP 4175231 Paris Cedex 05 FranceTel: +33 (0)1 40 79 80 40Fax: +33 (0)1 40 79 80 45secretariat@diversitas-international.orgwww.diversitas-international.org