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Subject Indexability, 22, 196, 206absolutism, 26–27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37, 43, 46, 49, 50, 51,74see also ‘positivism’, ‘rationalism’academic freedom, 216accountability, xiv, 10, 12–13, 22,126–161, 170, 187, 191, 210, 218,219bureaucratic, 150, 150–151, 154, 160,187, 210democratic, 150, 152–153, 154, 160,187, 210instrumental, 150, 150–151, 152intrinsic, 150, 152–153hierarchical, 150, 150–151, 152professional, 150, 152–153utilitarian, 150, 150–151, 154acculturation, 48, 51action research, 10, 12, 102, 107,118–122, 144, 145, 155, 156, 209see also ‘research-based teaching’,‘reflective practitioners’ and ‘teacheras researcher’active learning, 68, 85–86, 91, 224‘adjectives, eight’, 82, 167, 203, 224see also ‘areas of experience’advisers, 117, 118, 154, 181aesthetic theory, 34aims, 22, 23, 58, 63, 70, 71, 74, 78, 81,90, 96, 98, 201, 204and objectives, 15, 53, 56, 56–70, 71,72, 75, 76, 77, 81, 88, 97, 103,141, 187, 208and principles, 81–82see also ‘objectives’ and ‘principles’alienation, 31, 48, 49–50, 71, 86, 89,182, 198, 203, 206see also ‘disaffection’anthropology, 48appraisal, xiv, 10, 12–13, 22, 126–161,176, 187self-, 145see also ‘evaluation’architecture, 33, 200‘areas of experience’, 72, 82, 167, 203,218, 224see also ‘adjectives, eight’arithmetic, 185art, 33, 49, 50, 61, 179, 225education as, 20, 69, 190arts, 172assessment, 10, 12–13, 18, 31, 64, 91,103, 112, 120, 123, 125, 126–161,164, 185, 187, 209–210as measurement, 127, 131, 133continuous, 128, 134criterion-referenced, 130, 131, 132course-work, 223diagnostic, 13, 129, 132evaluative, 129, 130formative, 13, 129, 130, 132, 133,187graded tests, 13, 133, 133–135holistic, 133informative, 130ipsative, 131–132, 133norm-referenced, 131peer, 133profiling, 13, 132–133 see also244