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Katonga Wildlife Reserve 11.0 INTRODUCTIONUganda has an extremely rich and diverse biota (NEIC, 1994), which represents theintersection of no less than six biogeographic zones: the Guineo-Congolian, Sudanian, andSomalia-Masai regional centres of endemism, the Afromontane archipelago-like centre ofendemism, the Guinea-Congolia-Sudania regional transition zone, and the Lake Victoriaregional mosaic (White, 1983). Its moist tropical climate allows for high levels of primaryproductivity which promotes overall alpha diversity by allowing for greater nichedifferentiation, and its varied topography allows for high beta diversity (Whittaker, 1972).This diversity directly supports the 90% of the population (NEAP, 1993) who depend onnatural resources for their day to day livelihoods.During the political turmoil of the 1970s and 80s there was next to no control on theharvesting of plants and animals, and many of the nation’s protected areas were encroachedupon, eroding the rich natural resource base. In 1996 the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA)was formed from the former Game Department and Uganda National Parks. It is responsiblefor the conservation of the nation’s wild animals and plants, and the management of WildlifeProtected Areas, including the production of management plans. The aims of the Frontier-Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme are to assess thebiological and socio-economic status of the nation’s Wildlife Protected Areas to assist UWAwith the development of management strategies: the specific aims of this survey are outlinedin section 1.1 below.1.1 AimsThe survey of the Katonga Wildlife Reserve aims to:• collect baseline biological information about the vegetation, large mammals, and smallfauna of the reserve;• collect baseline socio-economic information about the communities living in and aroundthe reserve, including information on their attitudes towards and their impacts on thereserve;• evaluate the opportunities for and threats to conservation in and around the reserve;• contribute to existing knowledge at a national and international level; and• train self funding volunteer research assistants in biological and socio-economic surveytechniques.1.2 Site descriptionThe reserve covers an area of 207km 2 , and is located in western Uganda between 30°34’ and30°55’E, and 0°12’ and 0°18N (Fig. 1) in Kabarole District, although it is contiguous withMbarara District to the south. It is covered by the Lands and Surveys Department map sheets67/1, 67/2, 67/3, and 67/4 (Series Y732) at 1:50,000.Frontier-Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project September 1997Baseline Surveys Programme Report No. 9
Katonga Wildlife Reserve 2Figure 1.1 Location of the Katonga Wildlife ReserveThe reserve is part of the south-western suite of savannah and forest Protected Areas (PAs). Itis surrounded to the west, north, and east by the Katonga Controlled Hunting Area, which iscontiguous with Kibale National Park to the west. To the south lie the rangelands of Ankole(Mbarara and Busheyni Districts), Lake Mburo National Park, and Tanzania. The reserve isreached from Kyegegwa on the Fort Portal road along a rough track, or from (near)Lyantonde on the Mbarara road via Kabagole and passenger ferry across the Katonga River(Fig. 1.2).Figure 1.2 Protected Areas of western UgandaFrontier-Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project September 1997Baseline Surveys Programme Report No. 9
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