Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Lecture - XI Medicinal Plants for ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4.4 PhytopharmaceuticalsBefore 1947, the production of plant based modern drugs in India was confined toquinine from Cinchona in three state owned factories and the very first phytochemicalindustry for quinine was established by the then British Government at Mungpooin Darjeeling. During the past three and half decades' bulk production of plant-basedmodern drugs has become an important segment of Indian pharmaceutical industry.Some of the phytopharmaceuticals which are produced in India at present includemorphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine, emetine, quinine, quinidine, digoxin,caffeine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, xanthotoxin, psoralen, colchicine, rutin, berberine,vinblastine, vincristine, nicotine, strychnine, brucine, ergot, alkaloids, sennaglycosides, pyrethroids and podophyllotoxin resin. Table 1 gives some importanttherapeutically used constituents isolated from medicinal plants and used in modernmedicine. There are 130 such phytoconstituents used in modern medicine.Phytopharmaceuticals for which technology has been developed for undertakinglarge scale production include L-dopa from Mucuna beans, ajmaline and ajmalicinefrom Rauvolfia serpentina and Catharanthus roots, respectively, and 18 β-acetylglycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra.Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (I.I.C.T.), Hyderabad has developedmethods for etoposide and tenoposide production and CIPLA is now producing it oncommercial basis. At present 100 mg of etoposide is sold at Rs. 400/- per vial.National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, developed the method of vincristine (VCR) andvinblastine (VLB) production. CIPLA have further improved the process and nowthey are the third largest manufacturer of VCR and VLB in the world.Medicinal plants based drug industry is progressing very fast in India, but it is beset with a number ofproblems. Most alarming problem the industry has started facing and will face in future is thedwindling supply of plant material from natural resources. A national policy on medicinal plants witha view to preserve endangered species and promoting cultivation of plants which are beingextensively used by industry will help in solving the major problem of the industry. Special attentionis required on medicinal plants on which significant research leads have been obtained (Table 2) andthe overexploited medicinal plants are given in Table 3.Trade in medicinal plants is largely unorganised and uncertain, both in demand andprice structure. There is a need to have Marketing & Development Board forMedicinal and Aromatic Plants and Phytopharmaceuticals. Such a Board couldinteract, with the growers and user industry to bring stability in their production,demand, price, quality and also to help in fostering international trade8
Table 1Important Active Constituents of Plants Used in Modern MedicineActive Constituents Plant SourcePharmacological ActivityAjmalicine Catharanthus roseus VasodilatorBerberine Berberis species Antidiarrlw.:alCaffeine Camellia sinensis CNS stimulantCapsaicin Capsicum annum Topical analgesicCocaine Erythroxylum coca Local anaestheticCodeine Papaver somn!ferum AntItussiveCurcumin Curcuma longa AntiinflammatoryColchicine Colchicum alllUfnnale Gout; AntiinflammatoryConessine Holarrhena antidyse,r?ferica AntidysentericDigoxin Digitalis lanata CardiotonicDeserpidine Rauwolfia vamitoria VasodilatorEphedrine andBronchodilator, sympatho-Ephedra sinicapseudoephedrineMimetic, decongestantEmetine Cephaelis ipecacuanha AntiamoebicErgometrine Claviceps purpurea OxytocicErgotamine Claviceps purpurea Vasoconstrictor for headacheGlycyrrhizin Glyyrrhiza, glabra AntiinflmmatoryHyoscine Hyoscyamusmuticus ParasympatholyticHyoscyamine Atr.opa belladonna ParasympatholyticLanatosides Digitalis lanata CardiotonicMorphine Papaver somniferum AnalgesicPapaverine Papaver somniferumSmooth muscle relaxantPilocarpine Pilocarpus jaborandi ParasympathomimeticPodophyllotoxin Podophyllum peltatum AnticancerQuinine Cinchona species AntimalarialQuinidine Cinchona species AntiarrhythmicReserpine Rauwolfia serpemina HypotensiveRescinnamme Rauwolfia ca/lescens VasodilatorSennosides Cassia acutifolia PurgativeTaxo! Taxus baccata AnticancerVasicine Adhatoda zeylanica BronchodilatorVincamine Vinca minor VasodilatorVincristine andVinblastineCatharanthus roseus AnticancerWarfarin Melilotus officinalis Blood thinner for clotsYohimbine Pausinystalia johimbe Treatment of impotence9
Page 1 and 2: Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Le
Page 3 and 4: Quality parameters not being follow
Page 5 and 6: Papaver somniferum (source of analg
Page 7: 4.2 Plant parts extract and galenic
Page 11 and 12: ii. Endangered speciesName of the s
Page 13 and 14: PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS MODERN DRUGS C
Page 15 and 16: Figure 315
Page 17 and 18: Figure 517
Page 19 and 20: 5.2 Medicinal plants with higher in
Page 21 and 22: Withania somnifera Dunal. Aswagandh
Page 23 and 24: In the lack of any permanent cure i
Page 25 and 26: fischeri 58 , Soulamea soulameoides
Page 27 and 28: percent of sales. The world market
Page 29 and 30: not been able to offer, so far, a s
Page 31 and 32: Property Right (IPR) for indigenous
Page 33 and 34: ROAD-MAP TO DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE, EF
Page 35 and 36: ESSENTIAL OILS• WORLD PRODUCTION:
Page 37 and 38: References1. Farnsworth NR (1985).
Page 39 and 40: Chemistry, Vol. 28. eds. G.P. Ellis
Page 41 and 42: (1991). In vitro effect of Phyllant
Page 43: 72. Posey DA. (1990). Intellectual

Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Lecture - XI Medicinal Plants for ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?