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Ink Jet Formulation- The Art of Color Chemistry 2005 [Read-Only]
Ink Jet Formulation- The Art of Color Chemistry 2005 [Read-Only]
Ink Jet Formulation- The Art of Color Chemistry 2005 [Read-Only]
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<strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> <strong>Formulation</strong>- <strong>The</strong><strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Color</strong> <strong>Chemistry</strong>Presented by Michael A. AndreottolaPresident & C.E.O., American <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> CorporationWorld Expo <strong>2005</strong>, August 24-26, <strong>2005</strong>, Las VegasISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
History & Qualifications <strong>of</strong>American <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong>CorporationvPrivately Held Company founded in 1984by Michael Andreottola, President & CEOvOver 30 years experience focused only onink jet inksISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Backgroundv Leading manufacturer <strong>of</strong> compatible inksv 1 st to address fine art inksv 1 st to <strong>of</strong>fer fade resistant dye based inksv Produce inks for several wide formatOEM printer manufacturesISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Accomplishments1985 Developed High <strong>Color</strong> Gamut <strong>Ink</strong> for Applicon <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printers1988 First Company to Produce SWOP <strong>Ink</strong>s for <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printers1990 Introduced “NASH” <strong>Ink</strong>s for Fine <strong>Art</strong> Market1991 Developed First Waterpro<strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong>/Paper System for U.S. Army1992 Developed First Graphic <strong>Art</strong>s <strong>Ink</strong> for Use in Encad <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printers1995 First Company to Introduce <strong>Ink</strong> Refill Kits, Compatible Cartridges &Papers to Staples1996 Achieved ISO 2001 Certification1999 Developed Jasmine <strong>Ink</strong>s for Encad Printers2000 Toll Manufacturing; Developed “Pinnacle Gold” Lightfast <strong>Ink</strong> for IrisPrintersISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
History <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printing1867 Lord Kelvin First practical experiments1878 Lord Rayleigh Basic physics <strong>of</strong> drop formation1929 Hansell Electrostatic deflection to write1938 Genschmer Pulsed pressure drop ejector1951 Elmquist First application - recorder1968 AB Dick Videojet 9600 coding printer1968 Sweet/Cumming Binary jet array1968 Hertz Continuous <strong>Jet</strong> (Hertz)1977 Endo Bubble <strong>Jet</strong>1984 Hewlett-Packard Thinkjet1984 Seiko Epson Piezo ink jet1986 Dataproducts SI-480 solid ink jet printer1992 Kodak <strong>The</strong>rmal ink jet1992 HP Desk<strong>Jet</strong> 500C1994 Canon Bubble <strong>Jet</strong> 2001994 Lexmark, Xerox <strong>The</strong>rmal ink jet1995 Tektronix Phaser 340 phase change transferISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Facilitiesv Research and Developmentcarried on in Billerica,Massachusetts –USAv Manufacturing in Billerica,Massachusetts –USAv Zhuhai, China (2 nd QTR <strong>2005</strong>)ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> ManufacturingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> ManufacturingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> ManufacturingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Calibrated <strong>Color</strong> <strong>Chemistry</strong>v C3 Calibrated <strong>Color</strong> <strong>Chemistry</strong> TMv Culmination <strong>of</strong> AIJ’s standards, techniques, and procedures formanufacturing emerging & traditional ink jet inks.v Synergy rather than Trade-<strong>of</strong>fsv C3 optimizes color, stability and economic characteristics to therequirements <strong>of</strong> the application.v Science enabling <strong>Art</strong>v C3 fosters synergy by advancing color science, physics & chemistryprinciples.v <strong>The</strong> Future <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printingv AIJ’s C3 approach to ink jet manufacturing is dedicated to realizingthe findings <strong>of</strong> color science to build and deliver the best imaging andoutput technology available.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Dual Aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong>DevelopmentCHEMICAL SCIENCEvMust be designed forcompatibility with hardwarevMust be suitable to applicationvMust be a reliablesolution/suspensionCOLOR SCIENCEvMust be designed forcompatibility with s<strong>of</strong>twarevMust be suitable to applicationvMust maintain consistent densityand accuracyISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Applications:Driving the New <strong>Ink</strong> Technologyv FINE ART PRINTINGv Types <strong>of</strong> Paper UsedvSomersetvArchesv <strong>Ink</strong> RequirementsvHighly ChromaticvHighly SaturatedvLightfastISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
What do customers want fromtheir ink?v Consistencyv Repeatabilityv <strong>Color</strong> Matchv Print Image QualityISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Formulation</strong> RequirementsAINKMATERIALCOMPATIBILITYDROPEJECTIONPRINTGood StabilityLow ViscosityHigh Surface TensionConductivityLong Shelf LifeNon-FlammableNon-ToxicNo Biological GrowthDye SolubilityNon-CorrosivePlastics CompatibleAdhesives CompatibleNo Particulate FormationUniform Drop SizeHigh Drop VelocityHigh Drop FrequencyNo Orifice WettingNon-CrustingNon-CloggingHigh Optical Density<strong>Color</strong> QualityFading ResistanceLightfastnessWaterfastnessSolvent ResistanceSmear ResistanceOff-SettingCrack ResistanceMedia SensitivitySpreadingFeatheringDry TimeISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Formulation</strong> Trade-OffsDry TimePrintQualityNozzleMaintenanceTRADITIONALLY:Optimizing ink composition for one requirement happensat the expense <strong>of</strong> another requirementISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Design <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> <strong>Ink</strong>svPhysical PropertiesvViscosityvSurface TensionvConductivityvPurityvFiltration Properties <strong>of</strong> Dyes & PigmentsvEnd User PropertiesvPrint Quality <strong>of</strong> SamplesISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
It’s All in the <strong>Ink</strong>ViscositypHSurface TensionConductivityFilterabilityParticle Size<strong>Color</strong>ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
ViscometerEQUIPMENT:Viscometer at a cost <strong>of</strong> $1,000 to $7,000 US. Requires aconstant temperature bath at a cost <strong>of</strong> $2,000 to $10,000.Must check daily and calibrate at least annually.TEST PROCESS:<strong>Ink</strong> must be run at a constant temperature, volume and speedto ensure accurate & consistent measurementsISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
DEFINITION:pH<strong>The</strong> acidity or alkalinity <strong>of</strong> the finished ink. <strong>Color</strong>ants also candetermine the pH <strong>of</strong> ink as each dye has its own stable pHrange.vIf too acidic – cogation/damage to print head electronicsand other metal components.vIf too alkaline – cogation/damage to print head.UNITS OF MEASURMENT:A scale <strong>of</strong> 0 to 14. A pH <strong>of</strong> less than 7 is acidic; a pH <strong>of</strong>greater than 7 is alkaline. A pH <strong>of</strong> 7 is neutral.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
pH ChartWhat is pH?<strong>The</strong> term pH derives from a combination <strong>of</strong> p for the wordpower and H for the symbol <strong>of</strong> the element Hydrogen.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
DEFINITION:ISO 9001:2000CertifiedSurface TensionA measure <strong>of</strong> energy necessary to increase the surface area<strong>of</strong> a liquid. This along with viscosity determines drop size anddetermines how much a drop <strong>of</strong> ink will penetrate and spreadon the paper.vIf too high – ink droplets will be too small and thedroplets may not spread enough resulting in white spaceor underbanding; image will appear too light.vIf too low – ink droplets may spread too much causingexcessive bleed, wicking and overbanding. Also, the dropsmay become too large reducing image resolution.UNITS OF MEASUREMENT: Dynes per centimeterAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
ConductivityDEFINITION:This is a crucial measurement in determining the purity<strong>of</strong> an ink. Since dyes usually contain a quantity <strong>of</strong>salts i.e. NaC1 and NaO 2 4 S, significant amounts <strong>of</strong>these salts can precipitate from the ink and causeclogging <strong>of</strong> the jets.UNITS OF MEASUREMENT: milli Siemens(mS)ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Conductivity ProbeEQUIPMENT:Conductivity probe at a cost <strong>of</strong> $200 to $2,000.TEST PROCESS:<strong>Ink</strong> should be measured within a predefined temperature rangefor consistency and accuracy <strong>of</strong> readings. <strong>The</strong> conductivityprobe and/or cell constant <strong>of</strong> the probe is key, as differentprobes accurately measure conductivity only within specificconductivity ranges. <strong>The</strong> probe being used must match well tothe sample.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
FilterabilityDEFINITION:Determines if the ink been filtered properly. Ability to filterthe ink through a sub micron filter in a specified amount<strong>of</strong> time.If an ink is not filtered properly then clogging <strong>of</strong> the printhead can occur.If too high-may indicate bad components or biogrowth.UNITS OF MEASUREMENT: A scale <strong>of</strong> 0-200ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Filterability Test(SDI)EQUIPMENT:Lab flask, filter assembly and vacuum pump at a cost <strong>of</strong>$100-$900.TEST PROCESS:In this test, one measures the time ratio it takes for aspecific volume <strong>of</strong> ink to pass through a filter paper <strong>of</strong> apredefined pore size.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong>DEFINITION:<strong>Color</strong> – accuracy <strong>of</strong> dye concentrationvIf too high – bleed, precipitate, image will be toodense resulting in loss <strong>of</strong> detail.v If too low – image will be too light resulting inloss <strong>of</strong> detailUNITS OF MEASURMENT:Absorbance, % Transmission and Cie L*a*b*ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
How to Measure <strong>Color</strong>1. Measurement versus a standard:CIELAB- Commission International de l’Eclariagev L=lightnessv a=red to greenv b=yellows to bluesv <strong>The</strong> three dimensional color standard by which wemeasure inkjet colors using Gretag equipment.2. Visual, subjective judgmentISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> MeasurementEQUIPMENT:Spectrophotometer $9,000 to $50,000. <strong>The</strong> prices varybased on the instrument and the options on the instrument.TEST PROCESS:You are measuring the absorbance or percenttransmission <strong>of</strong> an ink at a specific wavelength. <strong>The</strong> ink isdiluted to a known volume (ie 1000 µL <strong>of</strong> ink in a 500 mlvolumetric flask).ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Primary Particle SizeDEFINITION:Parameter used to quantify the size or mean value <strong>of</strong> apigment particle in the ink after final filtration. Thisvalue is given in microns.UNITS OF MEASURMENT:Microns(µ) (One millionth <strong>of</strong> a meter)ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Particle Size AnalyzervParticle sizedistributionISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Particle Size AnalyzerEQUIPMENT:Particle Size Analyzer at a cost <strong>of</strong> $20,000 to $60,000.TEST PROCESS:<strong>Ink</strong> is loaded into a sample chamber, where, for example,a laser is beamed through the sample and the amount <strong>of</strong>light scattering is related to the size <strong>of</strong> the particles in theink. With these instruments, the average particle size andthe particle size distribution can be measured.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Component ChartCOMPONENTSurfactantsHumectantspH Buffers<strong>Color</strong>antsWaterGlycolsEXAMPLESEthoxylated alcohols, EthoxylatedAmines, Diphenyl sulfonate derivativesKCI & HCI, Borax & HCI, Borax &NaOH, KCI & NaOHAB9, DK168, RR31, DY132Reverse osmosis, De-ionizedISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
SurfactantsSurfactants are used to help the ink coat the mediaproperly and to reduce drop size(to increase imageresolution).vMultiple surfactants are sometimes neededvToo much or the wrong surfactant can cause poor drytime.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Humectants/ViscosityModifiersHumectants are used to improve the drying properties <strong>of</strong>the ink and helps maintain the components solubility.vIf too much humectant is used there could be longer drytimes. Adding humectants increases viscosityvIf not enough humectant is used the inks could dry onthe nozzle surface.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
pH BufferspH buffers can become necessary if the pH <strong>of</strong> an ink isnot stable.v<strong>The</strong>re can <strong>of</strong>ten times be a change <strong>of</strong> pH due to interactionsbetween componentsvReactive dyes will hydrolyze over time dropping the pH.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong>ants‣Dyes and/or Pigments are used to provide‣color to the inksDyeNot Usually WaterfastBrighter <strong>Color</strong>sLess UV StabilityLarger <strong>Color</strong> GamutLower Optical DensityUse with many medias‣Pigment‣Usually Waterfast‣More Dull <strong>Color</strong>s‣UV Stable‣Smaller <strong>Color</strong> Gamut‣Higher Optical Density‣More Media SpecificISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Complexities <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> Formulasv PASTv H 2 O 85-90v Glycerine 10-15v Biocide
<strong>Ink</strong>s: Past, Present & Futurev PRESENTv Printheads More Sophisticatedv Smaller Orificev Smaller Drop Sizev Dyes are Cleaner (salts, heavy metals, etc. removed)v Ultra-Filtration and Ion Exchange usedv New Methods <strong>of</strong> Manufacturing being usedv More versatile applications for ink jet are being introduced whichtranslates into more ink R&Dv Disciplines <strong>of</strong> Bio-chemistry, Chemical Engineering, OrganicSynthesis, Polymer <strong>Chemistry</strong>, Colloid Science, & <strong>Color</strong> Sciencenow being utilizedISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Complexities <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> Formulasv PRESENT -FINE ARTS / GRACHIC ARTSv H 2Ov Humectantsv Solvent 1v Solvent 2v Surfactantv Dyesv Biocidesv Bufferv Ultrafiltrationv UltrasonicsISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
v TEXTILE INKSv Dye or Pigmentv Biocidev Glycolsv Glycol Etherv Alcoholv Surfactantsv Resinsv Electrolytev Manufacturing Processv Filtration<strong>Formulation</strong>sISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
v UV CURABLE INKSv Dye or Pigmentv Solublizerv Biocidev Resinsv Glycolv Glycol Etherv UV Initiator<strong>Formulation</strong>sv Manufacturing Procedurev FiltrationISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Design <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> <strong>Ink</strong>svDroplet Generation & <strong>Jet</strong> StabilityvPolymer Solution <strong>The</strong>rmodynamicsvRheology & <strong>Jet</strong> Restoring EnergyvReliabilityvChemical & Ageing Stability on a Molecular Levelv<strong>Formulation</strong> SensitivitiesvFunctionalityvBuild in Application FeaturesISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Good Print Quality Starts withGood, Uniform Drops <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ink</strong>v Are the ink drops uniform in shape-round?v Is the distance between ink drops similar?v Are the drops <strong>of</strong> ink in a consistent pattern?v Does the ink wick into the paper (or paper fibers)?v Does there appear to be extra drops <strong>of</strong> ink?ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Calculation <strong>of</strong> Drop VelocityISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Examples <strong>of</strong> Good & Poor Drop Formation Due toVarying Dynamic Surface TensionAIJ-PoorCompetitor-PoorAIJ-GoodOEM-GoodISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Dot QualityMultipurpose Copy PaperPoor Dot QualityGood Dot QualityISO 9001:2000CertifiedThis image is <strong>of</strong> aperiod after an 8 pointfont and is comprised<strong>of</strong> several drops <strong>of</strong> ink.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Dot GainvDot Gain is the degree <strong>of</strong> spreading <strong>of</strong> agiven dotvControlled = smaller dots =better print qualityvNot Controlled = larger dots = poor print qualityISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Measuring Dot & Text QualityImage AnalyzerISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> Gamut (plain paper)Epson Printer on Plain Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obsEpson Printer on Plain Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obsgreenyellow10080604020red0-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100-20-40cyan-60blue-80magenta100806040200-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100-20-40-60-80-100-100OEM ink3rd party inkNot much difference on plain paperISO 9001:2000CertifiedimageXpert inc.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> Gamut (plain paper)Epson Printer on Plain Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obsyellow10080green6040200red-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100-20-40cyan-60blue-80magentaOEM ink3rd party ink-100ISO 9001:2000CertifiedSuperimposition shows small differencesimage pert inc.XAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> Gamut (Photo Paper)Epson Printer on Photo Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obsEpson Printer on Photo Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obs120100806040200-100 -80 -60 -40 -20-200 20 40 60 80 100-40-60-80120100806040200-100 -80 -60 -40 -20-200 20 40 60 80 100-40-60-80-100-100OEM ink3rd party inkMuch more difference on photo paperISO 9001:2000CertifiedimageXpert inc.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> Gamut (Photo Paper)Epson Printer on Photo Papera* b* projection, D65 2deg obs1201008060-10040200-80 -60 -40 -20-200 20 40 60 80 100-40-60-80OEM ink3rd party inkISO 9001:2000Certified-100Superimposition shows significant differencesimage pert inc.XAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Color</strong> Charts2D <strong>Color</strong> Plots3D GamutISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
CIELAB Gamut Volumev Chromav Huev LightnessISO 9001:2000CertifiedAIJ Pinnacle Gold WatercolorAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
How to Measure <strong>Color</strong>Spectrophotometervmeasures dye concentration for ink development inmatching colors.<strong>Color</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>ile SystemISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Defining Fadev No industry standard for measuring ink jetprint life at this timev Currently using textile and photographictesting modelsv ANSI Std. IT9.3 in process; defines method fortesting but not endpoints nor extrapolation forprint lifev Commonly measured as loss <strong>of</strong> opticaldensityv Common endpoint 30% loss <strong>of</strong> weakestprimaryv Two key factors overlookedv Resulting color changes (∆E)v Fade rates for individual colors (vs. average)ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Catalytic Fadingv When inks are more stable individually than incombination, accelerating their own fading.v Excited dyes can produce singlet oxygen leading tooxidative fading as well as transfer their absorbedenergy to another dye at a lower energy levelresulting in more radiative exposure & fading.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Reductive Fading <strong>of</strong> Azo DyesR 1R 2NRH1 R 2Nh? DHNRH H1 R 2NR 1NH 2R 2NISO 9001:2000CertifiedlNH 2 Nv Dye reduced to its correspondingamines by abstracting a hydrogenatom from a hydrogen donorv Many ink vehicle and mediacomponents are hydrogen donorsand can function as photocatalysts.v Alcohols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acids,ethers & estersv <strong>The</strong> reaction is accelerated when thehydrogen donor or dye is photoexcited.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Oxidative Fading <strong>of</strong> Azo DyesR 1R 2HOR 1NNHR 2v <strong>The</strong> attack <strong>of</strong> singlet oxygen on thehydrazone tautomer <strong>of</strong> an azo dyeOOR 1ONONN1 O 2HNR 2v <strong>The</strong> initial reaction leads to theformation <strong>of</strong> an unstable peroxidewhich then undergoes decompositionOR 1R 1ONOHN- +R 2R 2O O + OHN 2v <strong>The</strong> reaction is promoted by singletoxygen sensitizers. Some dyes arethemselves sensitizers.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Black Magic vs. MolecularModelingv Chromophorev Partial charges on selectedatoms for substitutedv 1-phenylazo-2-naphtholsH(29)C(1)H(30)C(6)C(5)H(9)N(7)O(20)N(8)C(15)C(10)H(24)C(14)H(26)C(13)C(11)C(12)H(25)C(19)S(21)C(2)C(3)C(4)H(31)C(16)C(18)H(27)C(17) H(22)H(28)H(23)ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Fade TestingAtlas Ci3000Xenon Weather-OmeterISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Standards For <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong>Print OutputFor years there has not been standardfor ink jet printsFADINGvWilhelmvKodakvEpsonISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
<strong>Ink</strong> & Media RelationshipPoor spread& excess penetrationExcess penetration& spreadISO 9001:2000CertifiedIdeal spread & penetrationAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Media IndependenceAIJ AIJ 1 on on Canary/Paper 1 Poor Poor WettingAIJ AIJ 1 on on Xerox/Paper 2 Good Good WettingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Media IndependenceAIJ AIJ 2 on on Canary/Paper 1 Good Good WettingAIJ AIJ 2 on on Xerox/Paper 2 Good Good WettingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
How Important is it to Choose theProper Surfactants & Co-Solvents?Pigment Black BlackAIJ AIJ 1Poor WettingPigment Black BlackOEM OEMAcceptable WettingPigment Black BlackAIJ AIJ 2Improved WettingISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Specific <strong>Ink</strong>s vs. UniversalType <strong>Ink</strong>sGood <strong>Color</strong> MatchOriginal PhotoImagePoor <strong>Color</strong> MatchUniversal Type <strong>Ink</strong>sISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
What is Intercolor Bleed?When printing two different color inks next to eachother the objective is to have clean, distinct bordersbetween the colors. When one color migrates intothe space <strong>of</strong> the other color & the border becomestattered & uneven.Spreading - overall expansion <strong>of</strong> the printed area.Feathering - wicking <strong>of</strong> ink along a narrow band orline away from the image area.ISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Inter-color bleedISO 9001:2000CertifiedimageXpert inc.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
How to MeasureImage QualityvCompare samples printed on the same papertype and brandvPrint and measure on both low cost and highercost substrates since print quality varies widelyvUse the same driver settingsvFlush printing system between ink sets to avoidcontamination...ISO 9001:2000CertifiedimageXpert inc.AMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Intercolor BleedCompatible ink ink on on different mediaMultipurposeCopy PaperBright White <strong>Ink</strong>jetPaperPhoto glossy paperISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Intercolor Bleed HP <strong>Color</strong>sv FORMULAv H2Ov Humectant –1v Humectant –2v Humectant –3v Surfactant –1v Surfactant –2v Dyev Biocidev Dyev To Solve the Problem:v Replace Surfactant –2 with Penetrantv This allows the ink to be absorbed vertically into the paper &decrease the lateral spreading <strong>of</strong> the inksISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
Most Promising To DatevASTM, International (American Standard forTesting & Measurements)vDesignation: F 1944-1998Standard Practice for Determining the Quality <strong>of</strong> Text, Line- and Solid FillOutput Produced by <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> PrintersvDesignation: F 1857-1901Standard Terminology Relating to <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Printers &Images Made <strong>The</strong>re fromISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
More information on <strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong><strong>Ink</strong>s…<strong>Ink</strong> <strong>Jet</strong> Technology & ProductDevelopment StrategiesBy Stephen F. Pond, Ph.D. & Torrey Pines ResearchCopyright 2000ISBN# 0-9700860-0-8Website: www.tpr.comHandbook <strong>of</strong> Imaging Materials 2ndEdition Revised & ExpandedCo-edited by <strong>Art</strong> Diamond <strong>of</strong> Diamond ResearchCorp. & Dr. David S. Weiss <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg DigitalLLCCopyright 2001ISBN# 0-8247-8903-2Website: www.imagingnews.comISO 9001:2000CertifiedAMERICAN INK JET CORPORATION
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