alexys™ analyzers - SiSW >> Science Instruments and Software

ALEXYS AnalyzersConfiguring ALEXYS AnalyzersProven to guarantee performanceAll parts of a system solution have been carefully selectedto meet the requirements for best sensitivity in HPLC withEC detection. Additional components such as switchingvalves or mixing devices are added if necessary.System configurationProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®5

ALEXYS AnalyzersALEXYS AnalyzersReady to prove performanceIntegrated system solutions have been developedfor the analysis of neurotransmitters such asnoradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin andmetabolites in microdialysates.Typically, picomolar concentrationdetection limits have beenobtained in only a fewmicroliters of sample.Parallel detectionschemes usingmultiple flow cellshave beendeveloped fortime, sample andexperimentalcost savings!The ALEXYScan be usedfor routineanalyses inclinical, food &beverage, environmentalandpharmaceuticallaboratories.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®7

212_003 #01ALEXYS Iodide AnalyzerALEXYS Iodide AnalyzerERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND.212_003 #01THE SOUNDEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FORCLINICAL & DIAGNOSTICS ANALYSISPART NUMBERS AND CONFIGURATIONSEVER BUILD190.0035 ALEXYS 110 LC-EC system with DECADE II SDC115.4150 SenCell GC, salt bridge, 5/60RE.2000 ClinRep® complete kit , Catecholamine in urineClinRep® Analytical columnRE.2030Catecholaminesfor catecholamines in urineSerotoninRE.8021 ClinChek® urine control, level IMetanephrinesVMAHVA5-HIAA HomocysteineGlutathione(di-)sulfidesIodideVitamins A, C, D, E, and KQ10UbiquinolsINTRODUCTIONA method for the determinationof iodide is developedusing electrochemical detection(ECD) with a silver workingelectrode (WE). The methodconsists of ion exchangechromatography using aphosphate/citrate buffer at pH6.5, followed by amperometricdetection at 0.15 V.Detection limit of iodide is0.2-1 µmol/L (25 - 127 ng/mL)depending on the columnperformance. Reproducibilityof the determination of iodideis concentration depended. At50 µM RSD in peak area’s andheights was better than 2%.Below 1 µM the RSD valuesincreased to 10 – 22 %.Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comPage : 3/4• Iodide in Urine• Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction• Excellent sensitivity and peak shape withMagic DiamondMethodThe HPLC system consists of a anion exchange column with aphosphate/citrate mobile phase (Table I). The use of halide ionssuch as chloride and bromide must be avoided as they are reactivetowards the silver electrode, causing a high backgroundcurrent and decreased sensitivity.Di-sodium phosphate and citric acid (both 10 mM) are dissolved in800 mL water, pH is set to 6.5 with NaOH and water is added to900 mL. Finally 10% methanol (100 mL) is added.Determination of analytes in complex matrices such as urine orplasma is often complicated by sample pre-treatment proceduresto improve the selectivity of a method. Without suitable pretreatmentco-eluting peaks make reliable and reproducible analysisimpossible.An exception is the determination of iodide in urine. Due to theselectivity of the silver working electrode, urine could be injecteddirectly. After dilution and filtration over a 0.2 µm membrane filter,urine samples have been injected onto the analytical column andanalysed.Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comPage : 1/4Page : 2/4nA2 . 52 . 01 . 51 . 00 . 5214_001 #01IS0 . 00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 minFig. 1 Analysis of 20 μL ClinCal® urine calibrator. Concetration ofcatecholamines in the calibrator sample: 123 μg/L NA, 29.5 μg/LA and 227 μg/L Dopamine.The quantification of the catecholamines in the urine samples isperformed by means of a single-point calibration method using aurine calibrator. The ClinCal® urine calibrator supplied in theClinRep® kit is a lyophilised urine sample with a known amountof catecholamines. The urine calibrator should be processed viathe same sample preparation method as the urine samples. Anexample chromatogram of a urine calibrator analysis is shown infigure 1.An internal standard method is used to compensate for recoverylosses during the sample preparation step. To every urine sample,calibrator or control 30 μL of internal standard (IS) solution isadded. The IS response of the samples is compared to that of adirectly injected standard solution (ClinTest® standard) to determinethe recovery. The sample response is then interpolated to100% recovery to establish the real catecholamine concentrationin the urine samples.Table 1Set-upHPLCFlow cellColumnTable 2LC-EC conditionsFlow rateSampleCLINREP® KIT FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CATECHOLAMINESIN URINEALEXYS 110 LC-EC system with DECADE IISDC (p/n 190.0035)GC type flow cell with Ag/AgCl saltbridge REFClinRep® Analytical column for catecholaminesin urine1.0 mL/min20 µl, extracted with ClinRep® sample preparationcolumnsMobile phase ClinRep® catecholamine buffer#Temperature* TD2 SDC 30°C (separation & detection),E-cellTAS110 4°C (sample cooling)Range500 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl sat’d)I-cell10 nA/VADFCa. 0.2 – 3.0 nAAnalysis time 0.1 HzFlow rate15 minutes#) mobile phase was recycled during experiments. *) minimum actual oven & traytemperature which can be reached is dependent on ambient conditions.Analysis of ClinChek® controlsFor quality control of the analytical determination RecipeClinChek® urine controls have been used in both the normal(level I) and the pathological range (level II).nA1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 minFig. 2. Overlay of 6 chromatograms of 20uL injections ofClinChek® control level I.Table I. Calculated concentration of urine controls level I and II(n=6). Concentration range specified by Recipe is given for reference(source: data sheet supplied with controls).Component Specified conc (µg/l) Calculated RSDMin Max conc (µg/l) (%)Control level INoradrenaline 44 66 58.7 0.8Adrenaline 14 21 18.7 0.8Dopamine 120 180 176.6 0.8Control level IINoradrenaline 125 187 156.9 0.2Adrenaline 29 43 35.1 1.5Dopamine 186 278 236.9 0.5The control samples are lyophilised urine samples which have tobe processed in the same way as the urine samples. Both ControlI and Control II were analysed and the analyte concentrationsquantified using the ClinCal urine calibrator. For both urine controlslevel I and II the determined concentrations were within theconcentration ranges specified by Recipe on the urine control datasheet (see table I).Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comPage : 2/4synthesised in the chromaffinCatecholaminescells of the adrenal medullaSerotoninand the sympathetic nervousToday, LC-EC has been established as a fast and reliable methodMetanephrinessystem and play an importantfor the determination of catecholamines and metabolites in plasmaand urine [1-5].VMAHVApart as neurotransmitters andThe ClinRep® complete kit for catecholamines in urine of Recipe5-HIAA Homocysteinein metabolic regulation. Tumorsof the sympathoadrenal preparation and routine analysis of urinary catecholamines. In thisGmbH (Munich, Germany) is a standardised kit for the sampleGlutathione(di-)sulfidessystem cause an elevation inapplication note the results are reported from analysing urineIodidesamples using a ClinRep® kit with an ALEXYS 110 LC-EC system.production and in urinaryVitamins A, C, D, E, and Kexcretion of catecholaminesQ10MethodUbiquinolsand their metabolites.The quantitative determina-One Recipe ClinRep® complete kit contains all the neces-sarytion of urinary catechola-chemicals and (calibration) materials for sample preparation andanalysis of 100 assays, excluding the analytical column. Urinemines is a rapid and precisesamples are processed using the following sample preparationdiagnostic method for theprocedure prior to analysis:identification of pheochromocytomaand other tumor dis-• 3 mL acidified urine sample (10 mL conc. 32% HCl per literurine) or urine calibrator is mixed with 10 mL stabilising reagentS and 30 μL internal standard (IS) and subsequently adeasesof the nervous systemsuch as neuroblastoma andjusted to a pH 3.0 – 7.0 using 0.5M NaOH.214_001 #01ganglioneuroma. Approx-• The mixture is applied to a ClinRep® sample preparation columnsto trap the catecholamines present in the sample.CLINREP® KIT FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CATECHOLAMINESimately, half of all pheochro-IN URINE• The column is subsequently washed with 15 mL HPLC-grademocytoma patients sufferwater to remove interfering compo-nents.from permanent hyperten-• 6 mL of eluting reagent E is then used to elute the catecholaminesfrom the extraction Page column. : 3/4sion, in rest episodic hypertensivecrises occurs. In• The eluate is collected, mixed and 20 μL injected in the LCabout 40 % of the latter groupsystem.plasma cate-cholamine concentrationsare not raised innoise. The method is linear for the determination of the catecholaminesAnalysis of urine samplesthe interval betweenin thetwoconcentration range from 1 – 1000 μg/L [6].Urine samples were collected from an apparently healthy volunteer.and analysed multiple times to determine the recoveries, mination To determine of catecholamine the inter-assay precision an urine sample (C) wascrises. Nevertheless, deter-LOD, intra- and inter-assay precision of the method.worked-up 4 times and analysed (duplicate injection), this procedurewas repeated the next day and the relative standard devia-levels in the 24-hours urineThe intra-assay precision of the method was determined using two allows tion the calculated. detection of pathologicallyincreased values,urine samples (A and B). The urine samples were worked-up 5times and duplicate analysis were performed to determine the Table III. Inter-assay precision (urine sample C,even after a hypertensiverelative standard deviation (RSD, %).n= 4 (samples) x 2 (duplicate injections) Catecholamines x 2 (days).crisis.Component RSD (%) Conc. (µg/l)Table II. Intra-assay precision of urine sample A and B,Sample Cn= 5 (samples) x 2 (duplicate injections).Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 Norepinephrine - 7502 Connelley Drive 3.8 - Hanover MD 21076 48.7 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comEpinephrine 6.2 5.1Component RSD (%) Conc. (µg/l)Dopamine 3.2 225.1Sample ANorepinephrine 2.8 30.6The RSD’s for norepinephrine and dopamine were smaller thenEpinephrine 1.7 16.04%. For epinephrine, which was present in the sample in a significantlylower concentration, the RSD was slightly higher,Dopamine 3.7 102.56.2%.Sample BNorepinephrine 2.5 20.7Epinephrine 14 3.6Dopamine 2.3 115.2nA1.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.0214_001 #01THE SOUNDEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FORCLINICAL & DIAGNOSTICS ANALYSISEVER BUILD0.250.200.150.100.052 4 6 8 10 12 14 minnA2 3 4 5 6 7 minFig. 3. Overlay of 10 chromatograms of 20uL injections of urinesample B. Top-right: zoom in on NA and A peaks.The RSD’s for all components were typically smaller then 4%.Only for low concentrations of epinephrine, near the limit of quantitation,a RSD of 14 % was found.For all urine samples, controls and calibrator recoveries typicallyin the range of 85 – 95% were found, compared to a directlyinjected standard. The concentration limit of detection (CLOD) forthe method was approximately 1 μg/L for all catecholamines. TheCLOD here is based on a 20 µL injection and defined as the concentrationthat gives a signal that is three times the peak-to-peakINTRODUCTIONThe catecholamines norepinephrine(NA), epinephrine(A) and dopamine (DA) areCONCLUSIONThe ClinRep® complete kit for catecholamines in urine providesa standardised method for the sample preparation ofurine samples and fast & reliable analysis of urinary catecholaminesusing LC-EC.Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.com1• Important part as neurotransmitters• Tumors of the sympathoadrenal systemPage : 1/4ALEXYS AnalyzersAlexys clinical 110 & diagnosticsStandardised ALEXYS for Analyzers routine analysis with fluidly running applicationsALEXYS Catecholamines Analyzer• validated concept• robust, dedicated for routine analysis• tumor and cardiovascular markersToday, LC-ECD has been established as a fast andreliable method for the determination of catecholaminesand metabolites in plasma and urine as well forSerotonin. Complete kits contains all the necessarychemicals and (calibration) materials for samplepreparation and analysis of 250 plasma assays,excluding the analytical column.NorepinephrineEpinephrineDopamineNorepinephrineEpinephrineInternal StdDopamineNorepinephrineEpinephrineInternal StdDopamineNorepinephEpinephrineCLINICAL & DIAGNOSTICSAPPLICATION NOTECLINREP® KIT FOR THE ANALYSIS OFCATECHOLAMINESIN URINEALEXYS Iodide AnalyzerProven analyzers to guarantee your performance• Iodide in Urine• diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction• Excellent sensitivity and peak shape with Magic DiamondIODIDE IN URINECLINICAL & DIAGNOSTICSAPPLICATION NOTEWith the introduction of conductive diamond aninteresting new electrode material became availablein electrochemistry. Diamond has severaladvantages over conventional electrode materialssuch as a wide potential window in aqueoussolutions, excellent chemical inertness andstability. For this application a sensitive and reliableLC-ECD method is available for the analysis ofiodide based on DC amperometry using theMagic Diamond TM (MD) electrode.®10

220_002 #03ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATESTHE FINEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FORFOOD & BEVERAGE ANALYSISEVER PROCESSEDBisphenol ACatechinsPhenolsAntioxidantsPolyphenolsResveratrolEpicatechinQuercetinIodideQ10ubiquinolsPage : 2/10220_002 #03The retention behaviour of the carbohydrates can be controlled bythe concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate in themobile phase. An increase of the sodium hydroxide concentration[OH-] has a dual effect on the retention of carbohydrates. Theincrease in ionic strength of the eluent causes a decrease inanalyte retention, while the higher pH will increase the degree ofdissociation resulting in an increase in analyte retention. If the pH> pKa (full dissociation) then the ionic strength will dominate theseparation process and the retention decreases. This is illustratedin Fig. 1A.ABCABCX Axis Title0 5 10 15 20 25 30Minutes0 10 20 30MinutesANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATESANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY AND PULSED AM-PEROMETRIC DETECTIONA. 50 mM NaOH - 1 mM NaOAcB. 30 mM NaOH - 1 mM NaOAcC. 15 mM NaOH - 1 mM NaOAcA 30 mM NaOH - 10 mM NaOAcB 30 mM NaOH - 2 mM NaOAcC 30 mM NaOH - 1 mM NaOAcFig. 1. [A] Retention times of common food carbohydrates as a function ofsodium hydroxide (top) and [B] sodium acetate (bottom) concentration ofthe mobile phase.Sodium acetate is commonly used to decrease the elution time ofhigher molecular weight carbohydrates allowing faster analysis.Acetate is a strong competitor for active binding spots resulting inless interaction of the carbohydrates with the ion-exchange groupsof the column (see Fig. 1B). Sodium Acetate is also particularlysuitable for gradient elution. Pulsed amperometric detectors arerelatively insensitive to ionic strength changes of a sodium acetategradient, as long as the sodium hydroxide concentration remainsconstant during the gradient run. High purity grade sodium acetateshould be used for the preparation of the mobile phase (impuritiescan cause large baseline shifts during a gradient run).Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD) - DC amperometry is not aparticularly suitable method for the electrochemical detection ofcarbohydrates. The response of the working electrode is quicklyattenuated, as a result of strong adsorption of the oxidation productsonto the working electrode surface.Page : 1/10E1 (Determination)Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comt delayt sampleTime (s)E2 (Oxidation Au)E3 (Reduction Au)Fig. 2. Three-step potential waveform for the pulsed amperometricdetection of Carbohydrates.For that reason Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD) with a gold(Au) working electrode has been developed in order to enablefrequent (typically 1 - 2 Hz) renewal of the working electrode (WE)surface [ 1 , 2 ]. The repeating three-step potential waveform isschematically shown in Fig. 2. The three potentials E1, E2 and E3are applied to the Au WE for specified times t1, t2 and t3, respectively.E1 is the actual detection potential. During t1 the carbohydratesare oxidized at the Au electrode surface resulting in aspecific oxidation current. This oxidation current is sampled duringa small time period tsample at the end of t1. The delay time tdelaybefore the start of the actual current measurement assures thatthe contribution of the electrode charging current caused by thepotential steps is small. A large positive potential E2 is applied fora period t2 to achieve anodic formation of surface oxides in orderto clean the electrode surface. During t3 the oxidized electrodesurface is reduced back to a reactive Au surface, the so-calledreactivation step. So within every individual pulse cycle, the carbohydratesignal is measured and the working electrode surfacecleaned and reactivated resulting in a reproducible detector responseover time. Typical settings used in our laboratory for theanalysis of carbohydrates are given in Tabel 1. In this specificexample the total pulse duration is 1000 ms (1 Hz).Detailed information about waveform optimisation for pulsedamperometric detection of carbohydrates can be found in severalpapers published by LaCourse and Johnson [ 3 , 4 ]. The optimumoxidation potential (E1) for the carbohydrates can be obtained bycyclic voltammetry, which gives the current-voltage (I/E) relationshipof the analyte. The cleaning potential (E2) should be highenough and the time duration long enough to remove the carbohydrateoxidation products completely. In alkaline media goldoxide is already formed at E > + 200 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). At a higherpotential the formation of a metal oxide layer is accelerated and ashorter time setting can be chosen. It is essential that the timeduration (t3) and the magnitude of the reactivation potential (E3) besuch that the metal oxide layer is completely removed. Reductivedissolution already occurs at E3 < 0 mV, but a more negativevoltage speeds up this process. However a too low potential willresult in the chemical reduction of other compounds such as theO2 dissolved in the mobile phase for instance, leading to baselineinstabilities. The S/N ratio can be optimised by adjusting t1 andtsample. In principle the time delay determines the level of the backgroundcurrent. In practise, often a delay time (tdelay) of 100 – 400ms is used, and a sample time of 20 – 200 ms.216_001 #03Page : 2/10THE BRIGHTEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FORENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSISEVER PLOTTED OUTChloro- and nitrophenols2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)phenol (P)4-nitrophenol (4-NP)2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (MDNP)2-chlorophenol (2-CP)2-nitrophenol (2-NP)2,4-dimethylphenol (DMP)4-chloro-3-methylphenol (CMP)2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP)2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP)pentachlorophenol (PCP)Ketones220_002 #03ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATESANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY AND PULSED AM-PEROMETRIC DETECTIONConfigurations[A] The ALEXYS 100 'Carbohydrates I' isocratic system(p/n 180.0052)A complete system solution consisting of an ALEXYS 100 LC-ECsystem with He-proof solvent bottles, ion-exchange column,guard column and FLEXCELL.Fig. 3. ALEXYS 100 ‘Carbohydrates I’ isocratic, including column, flow celland LC connection kit.[B] The ALEXYS 100 'Carbohydrates II' gradient system(p/n 180.0054)The high-pressure gradient system, has in addition to systemabove one additional LC 100 pump for HPLC gradients and theOR 100 organiser rack 'dual channel' option (extra pulse damper).Fig. 4. ALEXYS 100 ‘Carbohydrates II’ gradient , including two pumps,column, flow cell and LC connection kit.Materials• HPLC grade water, resistivity > 18 MOhm.cm• Sodium Hydroxide 50 wt% solution, pro-analyse,BOOM, the Netherlands• Sodium Acetate trihydrate, >99%, J.T. Baker, the Netherlands• Helium 5.0, 99.999%, Messer, the Netherlands• Mono- and disaccharides standards, Sigma, USA• Maltodextrin, 96.9%, artificial sweetener, BelgiumMobile phase preparationSodium carbonate is a stronger anion than sodium hydroxide. Theformation of carbonate in the mobile phase is the most commoncause of loss of analyte retention. Carbon dioxide gas present inair will dissolved as CO32- ions in the strong alkaline eluent. Thedissolved carbonate ions will increase the ionic strength of themobile phase resulting in a shortening of the retention times of thecarbohydrate analytes. Therefore, keeping the mobile phase freeof carbonate is one of the key factors towards reproducible carbohydrateanalyses via Anion-Exchange Chromatography.Fig. 5. Schematic representation of mobile phase bottle with Heliumsparging assembly.Take the following precautions to assure carbonate-free mobilephases• Prepare the NaOH mobile phase using a 50% w/w carbonate-freeNaOH stock solution (commercially available)and thoroughly degassed deionised water (≥ 18MΩ). Commercially available NaOH pellets are not acceptablefor eluent preparation, because they are alwayscovered with a thin adsorbed layer of sodium carbonate.• The mobile phase should be stored in plastic containersinstead of glass containers. NaOH is a strong etchingagent and will react with the inner glass wall resulting inthe release of silicates and borates.• Most dioxide dissolved in deionised HPLC grade water(> 18 Mohm-cm) can be removed by degassing the waterin an ultrasonic bath for 10 – 15 minutes, and subsequentsparging with Helium 5.0 gas.• Subsequently add the appropriate amount of 50% w/wNaOH solution to obtain the final eluent. Always pipettethe necessary amount of NaOH from the top part of the50% NaOH stock solution. Any carbon dioxide presentin the solution will precipitate as sodium carbonate tothe bottom of the flask, leaving the top part of the solutionvirtually carbonate free.• High-purity grade sodium acetate should be used for thepreparation of the mobile phase (impurities can causelarge baseline shifts during a gradient run).It is advisable to prepare fresh mobile phase daily. The mobilephase should be sparged continuously with Helium during theanalysis to obtain reproducible retention times.Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comMethodTable 1LC-EC conditionsFlow rate 1.5 ml/minTemperature 30 °CPhenolsPage : 1/4Page : 3/10ALEXYS AnalyzersAlexys FOOD & 110 BEVERAGEStandardised ALEXYS Analyzers for routine analysis with fluidly running applicationsALEXYS Carbohydrate Analyzer• QC of food products• Food research, phytochemicals• Detect Contaminants and pollutants in beveragesFOOD & BEVERAGEAPPLICATION NOTEANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY ANDPULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTIONThe ALEXYS Carbohydrate Analyzer gradient systemis suitable for the more demanding analysis of complexcarbohydrate mixtures such as oligosaccharides.With this high-pressure gradient analyzer based onpulsed amperometric detection, “fingerprints” ofoligosaccharides and other complex carbohydratemixtures can be recorded. This can serve as a tool forestimating chain length distribution.Flavonoids and phenolsother polyphenolsCarbohydratesVitamins A, C, D, E, and KINTRODUCTIONCarbohydrates not only providethe most easily accessibleenergy source for ourbody, they also play an importantrole in many physiologicalprocesses. Some examplesof these processes areinterce lula recognition,infection processes, andcertain types of cancer. Thedetermination of carbohydratesis of interes to thefood industry and many fieldsin life sciences.Analytes of interest includesimple mono- or disaccharides(such as glucose andsucrose), oligosaccharides(Maltodextrin), polysaccharides(starch, ce lulose) andglycoproteins.Numerous analytical techniquesfor carbohydrate analysishave been developedover the years [6]. The polar,non-volatile, water-solublecarbohydrates are not easilyre-solved. Also detection ofthese non-chromophoriccompounds is di ficult. Carbohydrateshardly have anyUV absorption and thereforeeithe refractive index (RI) orelectrochemical detection(EC) is used for analysis.• Carbohydrates in food industry and fields in life sciences• Analytes of simple mono- or disaccharides• Analytes of oligosaccharides (Maltodextrin)• Analytes of polysaccharides (starch, ce lulose)• Analytes of glycoproteinsDue to the poor detection limits of RI, EC has become the prefered detection method in trace analysis. Anion-ExchangeChromatography at high pH in combination with pulsedamperometric detection (PAD) is nowadays the most sensitiveanalytical method available for carbohydrate analysis [1,2].In this application note we present a simple and sensitive systemsolution for the determination of sugars and oligosaccharides infood products based on the ALEXYS 100 'Carbohydrate' systems.MethodAnion Exchange Chromatography - Under alkaline conditions (pH> 12) carbohydrates can be separated by means of Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Carbohydrates are weak acids witheither completely or partia ly ionised depending on their pKavalue. Due to the extreme alkaline conditions only polymericanion-exchange columns are suitable for carbohydrate separation.The retention time of carbohydrates is inversely co related withpKa value and increases significantly with molecular weight. Theelution order of carbohydrates on such anion-exchange columnsis usually as fo lows: sugar alcohols elute first, fo lowed by mono-,di-, tri-, and higher oligosaccharides.CarbohydratespKa values ranging between 12 and 14. At high pH they wi l beAntec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Conne ley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comGlucoseFructoseLact & SucrGlucoseFructoseGlucoseSucroseLactoseFruct & SucrGlucoseFructoseSucroseLactoseMaltoseLactoseMaltoseMaltoseMaltosePotential (V)ENVIRONMENTALALEXYS Analyzers with fluidly running applicationsALEXYS Phenol Analyzer• Water and Soil samples• Ketones in biodiesel exhaust• Used by CRO labs for routine analysisChlorophenols and nitrophenols are used for industrialand agricultural reasons, thus posing a threat tocontaminating river and drinking water. The MAC(maximum admissible concentration) in the EECcountries for phenols in drinking water is 0.5 μg/l.In the 70’s the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) made a list of the eleven most importantphenol contaminants as priority pollutants.PHENOLSIN WATERINTRODUCTIONChlorophenols and nitrophenolsare used in industry andagriculture for several purposes.In the end they may befound in river or drinkingwater. The MAC (maximumadmissible concentration) inthe EEC countries for phenolsin drinking water is 0.5 µg/l. Inthe 70’s the US environmentalprotection agency (EPA)made a list of the eleven mostimportant phenol contaminantsas priority po lutants.The standard EPA method isbased on a concentratingliquid-liquid extraction followedby derivatisation andGC analysis with electroncapture detection.In this application a HPLCmethod for the analysis of the11 EPA phenols in water isdescribed using electrochemicaldetection. Detection limitsare between 25 and 220 ng/l,except for DNP (0.9 µg/l), TCP(0.95 µg/l) and PCP (6 µg/ml).ENVIRONMENTALAPPLICATION NOTE• Chlorophenols in industry and agriculture .• Nitrophe-nols in industry and agriculture• 11 EPA phenols in waterThe detection potential is optimised by constructing I/E relationshipsfor 9 phenols. Due to the poor detection characteristics ofsome phenols, especia ly 2,4 DNP, a working potential of 1200mV vs. Ag/AgCl is used for further experiments. The backgroundcurrent rent is approximately 200 nA.Working electrode contamination was only problematic at highphenol concentrations. The concentrations in samples are in thelow ppb range or lower. A the ppb level no significant contaminationof the working electrode could be measured within one day.One cleaning procedure a the end of each day is su ficient tomaintain reproducible working conditions.Column Spherisorb ODS2, 100x4.6 mm, 3 µmMobile phase 50 mM HAc/NaAc, pH 4.0, 35% acetonitrileSample 100 - 1000 nM phenols, 20 µl injectionAntec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Conne ley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comProven analyzers to guarantee to guarantee your performance your performance®11

ALEXYS AnalyzersALEXYS analyzers line-up27 major configurations on displayOrder no.180.0035A ALEXYS Cool180.0036A ALEXYS BasicStandard configurations180.0037A ALEXYS Cool, MicroNeuroscienceOFF-LINE ANALYZERS FOR MICRODIALYSATES AND BRAIN TISSUE180.0088A ALEXYS Monoamines Analyzer180.0070A ALEXYS GABA and Glutamate Analyzer180.0067A ALEXYS Acetylcholine Analyzer180.0068A ALEXYS Disulfides AnalyzerON-LINE ANALYZERS FOR MICRODIALYSATES180.0082A ALEXYS OMD High Throughput180.0083A ALEXYS OMD Time Resolution180.0081A ALEXYS OMD Monoamines Analyzer180.0091A ALEXYS Flex SCC180.0092A ALEXYS Flex DCCMODULAR ALEXYS CONFIGURATIONSPharmaceutical & Biotech180.0050A ALEXYS Aminoglycosides Analyzer180.0058A ALEXYS Kanamycin/Amikacin Analyzer180.0056A ALEXYS Gentamicin Analyzer180.0059A ALEXYS Spectinomycin/Lincomycin Analyzer180.0086A ALEXYS Azithromycin Analyzer, USP180.0068A ALEXYS Disulfides AnalyzerClinical & Diagnostics190.0035A ALEXYS Clinical AnalyzerProven analyzers to guarantee your performance180.0068A ALEXYS Disulfides Analyzer180.0095A ALEXYS Iodide Analyzer180.0078A ALEXYS Vitamins AnalyzerFood & Beverage180.0090A ALEXYS Bisphenol A Analyzer180.0094A ALEXYS Polyphenols Analyzer180.0054A ALEXYS Carbohydrates Analyzer180.0095A ALEXYS Iodide AnalyzerEnvironmental180.0094A ALEXYS Polyphenol Analyzer®12

ALEXYS AnalyzersAnalytesBasic systems extendable with kitsBasic systems extendable with kitsBasic systems extendable with kitsDocumentationMonoamines & metabolites 213_017, 221_004Gaba/Glutamate 213_019, 221_009Choline/Acetylcholine 213_022Glutathione/Disulfides 211_004Monoamines & metabolites 221_011, 221_012Monoamines & metabolites 221_011, 221_012Monoamines & metabolites 221_011, 221_012Neurotransmitters, add kit to this configurationNeurotransmitters, add kit to this configurationAll neurotranmitters applicationsAll neurotranmitters applicationsNeomycin/Framycetin/Tobramycin/Spectinomycin 217_010, 217_014, 217_018, 221_005Amikacin and Kanamycin 217_015Gentamicin 217_013Spectinomycin and Lincomycin 217_019Azithromycin 217_011, 217_017Glutathione and Disulfides 211_004Catecholamines 214_001, 214_002Serotonin 214_003, 214_004Metanephrines 214_005VMA, HVA, 5-HIAA 214_006Homocysteine 211_003, 221_003Iodide 212_003Vitamins 218_005, 218_001Bisphenol A (from polycarbonate bottles) 216_005Catechin, Flavonoids and other Polyphenols 216_006, 221_019Carbohydrates 220_002, 221_007Iodide 212_004, 221_022Phenols in water 216_001, 216_002Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®13

DetectorsPart no.Description171.0035 DECADE II w/o flow cell, single cell control171.0038 DECADE II w/o flow cell, dual cell control171.0039 DECADE II w/o flow cell, triple cell control171.0040 DECADE II w/o flow cell, quadruple cell control171.0035 MD DECADE II w/o flow cell, single cell control171.0038 MD DECADE II w/o flow cell, dual cell controlSpecifications DECADE IIGeneral specifications Power 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 260 VA max., auto-sensingOperating modesPotential rangePotential range “MD”DC, PAD and ScanBetween +2.00 and -2.00 V in 10 mV incrementsBetween +2.50 and -2.50 V , activation tool MDOutputBetween +1 and -1 V or between +10 and -10 V(20 bit D/A converter)OffsetBetween +50% and -50% of max. output voltage, 5% stepsEvent markerPulse of 10% of max. outputAuto zeroTriggered by keyboard, rear panel TTL, or RS232C controlRS232CInstrument control, data acquisition at 1, 2, 5 and 10 HzInjector sensorStarts system clock at injectionOvenHeight 37 cm, from 7°C above ambient to 45°C, accuracy0.5°C, stability 0.1°C; accommodates column and flow cell(s)DiagnosticsLCD screen, keyboard and noise (internal dummy cell)Service modeSystem settings and calibration parametersConfigurationMenu for system customization and optimizationFirmwareUpgradeable via PC (RS232), flash technologyEnvironmental Operating temperature: 4 – 40°C, RH 20 to 80%,non-condensingDC mode Ranges 10 pA – 200 μA in 1, 2, 5 stepsFilter (cut off)Advanced Digital Filter, 0.5 - 0.001 Hz, 1, 2, 5 stepsNoiseBetter than 2 pA with a dummy cell (load of 300 MOhm and0.5 μF), filter off, Ec +800mV and temperature of 30°C.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®PULSE mode Range 10 nA – 200 μA in 1, 2, 5 stepsFilter (cut off)Advanced Digital Filter, 0.5 - 0.001 Hz, 1, 2, 5 stepsPulse timest1: 100 - 2000 ms; t2: 0 - 2000 ms; t3: 0 - 2000 msin 10 ms stepsSample times20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 msSCAN mode Range 10 nA – 200 μA in 1, 2, 5 stepsScan rate1 - 50 mV/s in 1, 2, 5 stepsCyclehalf, full or continuousAUTO modeRear panel I/O connectionsDC mode (5 files) and pulse mode (4 files), cycle time, number of cycles and oventemperature. Time-based control of 50 time points as to range, filter, output contacts(2 TTL, 2 relays), auto zero, board ID, offset, valve position (if present) and cell potential.Mains, Output, 2 Connectors 15 pins (A, B), manual valve (C), RS232C connectorPhysical specifications Dimensions 44 (D) x 22 (W) x 44 (H) cm = 17.3” (D) x 8.7” (W) x 17.3”(H)Weight14.6 kg (32 lbs) without flow cell and column14

DetectorsDECADE IIDigital electrochemical amperometric detector• Accurate• Versatile• SensitiveAccurateBoth chromatography and EC detector responses arestrongly affected by temperature fluctuations. It is aprerequisite for trace analysis to have a shielded andthermostatted environment for both the flow cell andcolumn (fig 1).VersatileThe DECADE II can control up to 4 flow cells. The column/flowcell combination can be used in parallel, but alsoserial arrangements are possible. To facilitate flow cellswith Magic Diamond electrodes the DECADE II has anactivation pulse button. In addition, the DECADE II isequipped with DC, Pulse and Scan mode.A DECADE aheadSensitiveThe DECADE II demonstrates superiority in EC detectionand sets a new standard in design and performance. Forelectrochemical detection applications, sensitivity is crucial.The DECADE II with a newly developed Advanced DigitalFiltering (ADF), is breaking new records in detection limits.Fig. 1. Baseline without temperature control (A)and baseline of DECADE II with temperature control (B).Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®15

DetectorsPart no.Description174.0035 DECADE II SDC w/o flow cellSpecifications DECADE II SDCProven analyzers to guarantee your performanceGeneral specifications Power 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 260 VA max., auto-sensingOperating modePotential rangeDCBetween +2.00 and - 2.00 V in 10 mV incrementsOutputBetween +1 and - 1 V or between +10 and -10 V (20 bit D/Aconverter)OffsetBetween +50% and - 50% of max. output voltage, 5% stepsEvent markerPulse of 10% of max. outputAuto zeroTriggered by rear panel TTL or RS232C controlRS232CInstrument control, data acquisition at 1, 2, 5 and 10 HzOvenHeight 37 cm, from 7°C above ambient to 45°C, accuracy 0.5°C,stability 0.1°C; accommodates column and flow cell(s)Environmental Operating temperature: 4 – 40°C, RH 20 to 80%,non-condensingDC mode ranges 10 pA – 200 μA in 1, 2, 5 stepsFilter (ADF)Advanced Digital Filter, 0.5 - 0.001 Hz, 1, 2, 5 stepsNoiseBetter than 2 pA with dummy cell in 1 nA/V range, filter off, Ec+800mV and temperature of 30°C.Auto modeDC mode (5 files), cycle time, number of cycles and oven temperature.Time-based control of 50 time points as to range, filter,output contacts (2 TTL, 2 relays), auto zero, board ID, offset,valve position (if present) and cell potential.EnvironmentalOperating temperature: 4 – 40°C, RH 20 to 80%, non-condensing®Physical specifications Dimensions 44 (D) x 22 (W) x 44 (H) cm = 17.3” (D) x 8.7” (W) x 17.3” (H)Weight14 kg (32 lbs) without flow cell and column16

DetectorsDECADE II SDCPlain performance• SDC: Single Cell Control, DC mode only• ADF: Advanced Digital Filter for noise suppression• controlled by (free) PC softwareThe DECADE II SDC has the same performance as thefamous DECADE II. It has an integrated oven with Faradaycage and is equipped with the superior ADF. The DECADEII SDC can control one flow cell and runs in DC mode only.Without the presence of front panel control, the unit isoperated by PC control using our data acquisition softwareor a free version of Dialogue software. The DECADE IISDC is compatible with all Antec flow cells. An electricallyactuated injector or a manual valve is optional.Integrated oven with Faraday cageComparison ADF and standard noise filterUsing ADF results in a factor10 to 100 times better S/N Ratio.height1.0000.7500.5000.250Signalpeakfrequency0.0000.010 0.100 1.000 10.000f(Hz)NoiseNoisenoise frequencyADF (Antec)Standard filterProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®17

AutosamplersPart no.Description181.0037 Autosampler AS 100, cool, micro, 6-PV181.0038 Autosampler AS 100, cool, micro, 10-PVSpecifications Autosampler AS 100General specifications Power 115 or 230 VAC ± 10%, 50/60 Hz, 250 VA maxOperating conditionsSample capacityVial dimensionsDispenserWetted partsLoop volumeInjection10 - 35°C, 20 - 80% RH, non-condensing160, 96, 72 or 32 vials (20, 12, 9 or 4 per segment)7, 12, 15, or 22 mm vial diameter min/max height: 32/46 mm(including cap) micro vial inserts for micro dialysisSyringe: 100, 250 (standard), 500, 1000 μL, or 10 mLSS316, PTFE, TEFZEL, VESPEL, glass, PEEK, silica5 μL - 1 mL (1, 2, 5 steps), 100 μL standardPre-puncturing septa/caps with air needle, dual needle design,vial & height detection by vial sensorAnalytical performance Fool loop RSD < 0.3% (all specs for capped and sealed vials)Partial loop fillRSD < 0.5%, injection volumes > 5 μL, with headspacepressure on the vial and 30 μL pre-flush with air segmentµL Pick-up RSD < 1.0%, injection volumes > 5 μL, with headspacepressure on the vialCarry-over< 0.01% with programmable needle washProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®Injection programming Methods Full loop, partial loop and μL pick-up, user defined programmingVolumes1 μL - 1 mL (method dependent)InjectionsVial, volume, repetitions: freely programmable in dataacquisition softwareWashProgrammable needle washConnections Outputs Marker TTL and contact closures: inject, vial, labelled vial,stop I/O; programmable: 4 TTL, 4 relays contacts no/nc,2 relays contacts no/nc, 4 TTL time based; alarmInputsNext injection, next vial, freeze, stop, 4 TTLPC controlRS232C, full control with data acquistion softwareOptions Sample cooling 4 - 40°C; accuracy: ± 2°C capacity: ambient - 20°C(measured on cooling tray)Micro optionOptimized for small injection volumes > 1 μL; with 5.3 μLneedle, 20 μL loop and 100 μL syringe volume, μ-bore valvePhysical specifications Dimensions 54 (D) x 28 (W) x 44 (H) cm21.3” (D) x 11.0” (W) x 17.3” (H)Weight22 kg (48 lbs), 30 kg (66 lbs) incl. cooling option18

AutosamplersAUTOSAMPLER AS 100Fast, accurate & reproducible• automated derivatization, dilution, pH adjustments• injection volume < 10 µL without sample loss• Sample pick-up down to 1µL• Cooled sample trayFlexible vial choiceThe AS 100 has impressive records in injection precisionand sample handling. It can be equipped with sample traycooling to protect labile samples against degradation, whichcan be crucial in various LC-ECD applications. Highestinjection performance is provided in the flushed and partialloop fill mode. If no sample loss can be accepted, e.g. incase of µ-dialysate sampling, the custom injection modecan be used.The coaxial design of the sample needle inside a prepunctureneedle allows for penetration through varioussepta without damaging the sample needle. The AS 100features mixing routines enabling aspiration and dispensingof any volume from any vial into any destination vial.Pre-column derivatization, dilution and pH adjustment canalso be automated. Programmable wash steps decreasecarry-over to an absolute minimum.Programming is straightforward and intuitive via the dataacquisition software.Customized injection programto minimize sample lossProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®19

AutosamplersPart no.Description191.0035 Autosampler AS 110, standard, cool, 6-PV191.0036 Autosampler AS 110, standard, 6-PV191.0037 Autosampler AS 110, cool, micro, 6-PV191.0038 Autosampler AS 110, cool, micro, 10-PV191.0039 Autosampler AS 110, micro, 6-PVSpecifications Autosampler AS 110General specifications Power 95 - 240 Volt AC ± 10%; 50 - 60 Hz; 200VAOperating conditionsSample capacityVial dimensionsDispenserWetted partsLoop volumeSampling technology10 - 40°C , 20-80% RHWell Plates: 2x 96-well high/low and 384-well low formats,according to SBS standards. Vials: 2 trays of 48 (1.5 mL) or 12vials (10 mL)Max. plate/vial height: 47 mm (incl. septa or cap-mat)Syringe: 500 μL (standard) or 2.5 mL (prep. option)SS316, PTFE, TEFZEL, VESPEL, Glass, Teflon. Optional: PEEK1 μL – 5 mL (1,2,5 steps) and 10 mL (prep. option)PASA, pressure-assisted sample aspiration no sample syringecontact, fixed concentric air/sample needle pair. Injection cycletime < 20 s, depending on settingsAnalytical performance Fool loop RSD < 0.3 % (all specs for capped and sealed vials)Partial loop fill RSD < 0.5 %, injection volumes = 10 μLµL Pick-up RSD < 1.0 %, injection volumes = 10 μLCarry-over< 0.05 % with programmable needle washProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®Injection programming Methods Full loop, partial loop fill and μL pick-up, user defined programmingVolumes1 μL – 5000 μL (with 1 μL incr.), depending on system settingsWashProgrammable, between injections or vialsConnections Outputs 1 programmable relay output, programmable as inject marker(default), aux, alarmInputs2 programmable TTL inputs, next injection , freeze, stopPC controlRS232C, control via acquisition softwareOptions Sample cooling Built-in Peltier cooling, non-condensing, range: 4°Cto ambient - 3°CBio-compatible Inert sample needle (Silco steel) and bio-compatible valve (PEEK)Prep. kit2.5 mL syringe, prep valve, 10 mL sample loop, LSV needleand sample tray for 10 mL vialsPhysical specifications Dimensions 300 (W) x 575 (D) x 360 (H) cm (with cooling option)Weight19 kg (42 lbs), 21 kg (46 lbs) with coolingMax. weight on top 65 kg (143 lbs)20

AutosamplersAUTOSAMPLER AS 110Fast, accurate & reproducible• unique needle concept• sample pick-up down to 1µL• cooled sample tray• well plates or vialsThe AS 110 is a new generation autosampler. It is a fast,robust and easy to use autosampler without compromisingaccuracy and reproducibility. The AS 110 includesindispensable features for the highest injectionperformance. It has a dual needle with positive headspacepressure, extensive wash routines for minimal carry overand 3 injection modes including µL pick-up mode for zerosample loss.The AS 110 can handle sample volumes down to 1 µLaccurately and reproducibly. The sample tray offers temperaturecontrol down to 4°C. The fast needle movementsresult in unsurpassed speeds of less than 30s for a fullcycle. These features make the AS 110 a perfect fit forhigh throughput routine analysis.The AS110 cool, micro, 10 PV is equipped with an uniquestainless steel needle with a total dead volume of 2.4 µland a micro bore flow path. This allows you to programsmall sample injections without peak broadening and lossof sample.Perfect fit for high throughput,routine analysis & small samplesProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®21

PumpsPart no.Description193.0035 Pump LC 110Specifications HPLC Pump LC110Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®General specifications Delivery system Dual-piston pump with main and auxiliary piston in a serialconfiguration, automatic piston flush.PowerAuto-sensing, 90 - 260V, 47 - 63 Hz, 70 VAOperating conditions 10 - 40°C, 20 – 80% RH, non-condensingFlow rate0.001 - 9.999 mL/min, 0 - 40 MPaFlow rate accuracy < 1.5 % at 2 - 20% FSRippleResidual pressure pulsation < 3% (water,12 MPa)Displacement volume Primary piston 21.4 μL secondary piston 9.7 μLPressure protection Pmin: 0 (off) - 40 MPa, switch-off in 30 s.Pmax: 0.1 - 40 MPa, switch-off time < 1 sOperating modes Isocratic, gradient (high pressure, up to 4 eluents)Instrument control Numerical keypad & LCD, RS232C full digital control,REMOTE connector (stop, flow, pressure, error)GLP featuresReport of number of pump cycles, working time, deliveredvolume and service informationPhysical specifications Dimensions 412 (D) x 226 (W) x 135 (H) mm 16.2 (D) x 8.9 (W) x5.3 (H) inchWeight5.3 kg (11.7 lbs)22

PumpsPUMP LC 110Superior performance LC pump for ECD• Optimized for ECD applications• ultra low pulsation• high accuracy at low µL flow rates• automated piston washThe LC 110 pump is designed for lowest pulsation incombination with electrochemical detection.Consequently under optimized conditions no noise isdetectable from the piston stroke.The LC 110 pump features a dual piston design and anautomated piston wash to remove traces of salt andother contaminants from the backside of the pistons,increasing the lifetime of the pump seals. The pumphead can deliver flow rates in the low μL/min range upto 10 mL/min.The LC 110 pump head is available with stainless steel,titanium or ceramic inlays. These various pump headinlay materials meet the requirements of just aboutevery application. High pressure gradient as well asflow rate programming is supported. The controlsoftware supports the programming of a quaternaryhigh pressure gradient system.Baseline noise (ECD)Fig 1. Baseline in ECD with LC110 (A)compared to another brand (B).Dual piston designwith active pulsation dampeningProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®23

Organizers and racksBottle rackTool rackPart no.Description184.0040 Organizer OR 110184.0035 Organizer rack OR 100Pump rackSpecifications Organizer OR 110Proven analyzers to guarantee your performanceGeneral specifications Power 100 – 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 20 VA degasser onlyOperating conditionsPower outletsPulse damper10 – 35°C, 20 – 80% RH, non-condensing8 outlets: 100 VAC (max 800 VA total) – 240 VAC (max1900 VA total), max 300 VAC per outlet Degasser 2 channels,volume 480 μL/channel, capacity < 2 ppm O2 at 1 mL/min,max flow rate 10 mL/min LED for power, start-up and vacuumlevel wetted materials: PEEK, PTFE, Teflon AFMembrane type, dead volume 0.9 mL at max pressure41.4 MPa (6,000 PSI wetted materials: 316 SS and FEPPhysical specifications Dimensions 35 (D) x 9 (W) x 44 (H) cmWeight10.3 kg (22.7 lbs) with 1 pulse damperSpecifications Bottle rack BR 110®Physical specifications Dimensions 46 (D) x 30 (W) x 17 (H) cmWeight6 kg (13 lbs)24

Organizers and racksOrganizer And RacksDegasser, pulse damper and stackable, compact• mains power distributor for ALEXYS• dual channel degasser• integrated pulse damper• Stackable• Leakage drainThe compact Organizer OR 110 includes an extremely efficientdegasser and pulse damper. It can be upgraded with a secondpulse damper. The power supply for all ALEXYS componentscomes from the OR 110 avoiding grounding loops.Two independent vacuum channels• Dead volume 480 ul per channel• Continuous vacuum degassing by meansof a variable RPM vacuum pump• Teflon AFThe PR 110 (pump rack), SR 110 (solvent rack) and TR 110(tool rack), just to organize your system.An extremely efficient degasser– stackable racksProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®25

Flow cellsWhy amperometry?Why amperometry?S/Nnanofibersamperometricdcoulometricamperometry• about 5 – 10 % conversion• low noise• best S/N ratiologSabcoulometry• highest signal• highest noise• poor S/N ratioNclog WE areaFigure from D. M. Morgan and S. G. WeberAnal. Chem., 56, 1984, p. 2560Part no.DescriptionProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®Glassy Carbon working electrode110.4105 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm GC WE, sb REF110.4205 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm GC WE, ISAAC110.4305 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm GC WE, HyREF110.4115 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm GC WE, sb REF110.4215 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm GC WE, ISAAC110.4315 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm GC WE, HyREF111.4105 µ-VT-03 flow cell, 0.7 mm GC WE, sb REF111.4205 μ-VT-03 flow cell, 0.7 mm GC WE, ISAAC111.4305 μ-VT-03 flow cell, 0.7 mm GC WE, HyREFMetal working electrode110.4120 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Pt WE, sb REF110.4220 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Pt WE, ISAAC110.4320 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Pt WE, HyREF110.4125 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Au WE, sb REF110.4225 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Au WE, ISAAC110.4325 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Au WE, HyREF110.4130 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm Ag WE, sb REF110.4230 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm Ag WE, ISAAC110.4330 VT-03 flow cell, 2 mm Ag WE, HyREF110.4135 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Cu WE, sb REF110.4235 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Cu WE, ISAAC110.4335 VT-03 flow cell, 3 mm Cu WE, HyREFISAAC reference electrodeIn Situ Ag/AgCl reference electrode forVT-03 electrochemical flow cell• Ultimate robustness• No trapping of air bubbles• Easy ‘plug and play’ installationReference electrode selection• Standard: ISAAC• Traditional or restrictions: ‘good old’ salt-bridge Ag/AgCl• Extreme conditions: Hy-REF26

Flow cellsVT-03 electrochemical flow cellHighest sensitivity electrochemical wall-jet flow cell• Quick stabilization• Long lifetime (5 year warranty)• Down to 5 nL working volume• Easy maintenanceAfter extensive testing, it was determined that the confinedwall-jet configuration gave excellent results. Inaddition, we found that the qualilty of the material usedand the finishing process of the working electrode greatlyaffected the performance of the EC detector. Whilecompetitor flow cells deteriorate during use, theperformance of the VT-03 flow cell increases with use.The VT-03 requires unusually short stabilization times:trace analysis within half an our after start up can beexpected. We have so much confidence in our VT-03 flowcell that we warrant the glassy carbon flow cell for aperiod of 5 years.Wall-jet configurationfor excellent results – short stabilization timesThe VT-03 is available with working electrode materialssuch as glassy carbon, platinum, gold, silver and copper.A selection of working electrodes of 3, 2 and 0.7 mm diametertogether with salt bridge, ISAAC and HyREFreference electrodes ensures compatibility with any type ofHPLC analysis.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®27

Flow cellsREFreference electrodereservoiropen channelto REF reservoirauxiliary electrodeinlet block50 µm spacerWorking electrodeassemblyworkingelectrodediskelectrodeswivel nut50 µm spacerProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®Part no. Description102.4305M FLEXCELL MD HyREF102.4305 FLEXCELL GC HyREF102.4320 FLEXCELL Pt HyREF102.4325 FLEXCELL Au HyREF102.4330 FLEXCELL Ag HyREF102.4105 FLEXCELL GC sb102.4120 FLEXCELL Pt sb102.4125 FLEXCELL Au sb102.4130 FLEXCELL Ag sb102.4205 FLEXCELL GC ISAAC102.4220 FLEXCELL Pt ISAAC102.4225 FLEXCELL Au ISAAC102.4230 FLEXCELL Ag ISAACPart no. Description102.5007 FLEXCELL WE disc GC (glassy carbon)102.5022 FLEXCELL WE disc Pt (platinum)102.5027 FLEXCELL WE disc Au (gold)102.5032 FLEXCELL WE disc Ag (silver)102.5037 FLEXCELL WE disc Cu (copper)102.5050 FLEXCELL WE disc MD (magic diamond)HyREF reference electrodeMaintenance-free reference electrode,easy ‘plug and play’ installation• pH resistant (1 - 14)• Compatible with 100% modifier• InertReference electrode selection• Standard: ISAAC• Traditional or restrictions: ‘good old’ salt-bridge Ag/AgCl• Extreme conditions: Hy-REF28

Flow cellsFLEXCELLThe most versatile flow cell for LC-ECD• exchangeable working electrode• Working Electrodes: GC, Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, MD• low cost of ownershipThe name FLEXCELL is chosen since it emphasizes theversatility and serviceability of this thin-layer flow cellin the Antec program. With its unrivaled design workingelectrodes can be serviced or replaced in a few minutes.The low cost of ownership is attributed to the replacementof only the working electrode disc. The same holds forswitching electrode material for different applicationsusing the same flow cell. This makes the FLEXCELLsuitable for all sorts of electrochemical analyses like theusual biogenic amines (glassy carbon), but alsocarbohydrates (gold or copper), peroxides (platinum),halides (silver), sulfides (Magic Diamond) etc.ApplicationsThe FLEXCELL properties can be fully exploited inapplications using metal working electrodes. A typicalexample is the pulsed amperometric detection ofcarbohydrates, where consumption of the gold workingelectrode occurs. Renewal of the gold electrode is done ina few minutes when the erosion has become unacceptable.The total cell volume is less than 1 µL, which makes theFLEXCELL suitable as an electrochemical reactor in-linewith other detectors such as a second EC flow cell.Flexibility replaceable workingand reference electrodesProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®29

Kits, columns and valvesValves250.0012 Valco manual injector 250.0017C Repl. valve for Valco electr inj, 6-port250.0013 Valco manual injector, micro 250.0022 Valco electrical injector, 4-port, micro250.0014 OMD valve option Valco, 14-port 250.0025 Valco electrical injector, 10-port250.0017 Valco electrical injector, 6-port 250.0026 OMD valve option Valco, 6-port250.0017A Seal for Valco electr injector, 6-port 250.0030 DECADE II valve mounting panel kit250.0017B Stator for Valco electr injector, 6-portColumnsProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®250.1050 HPLC column for OQ 250.1114 ALF-115 column, 150x1.0mm, 3um C18250.1068 ALA-510 column, 100x4.6mm, 5um C18 250.1116 ALF-205 column, 50x2.1mm, 3um C18250.1070 ALA-525 column, 250x4.6mm, 5um C18 250.1118 ALF-210 column, 100x2.1mm, 3um C18250.1071 ALA-105 column, 50x1mm, 3um C18 250.1120 ALF-215 column, 150x2.1mm, 3um C18250.1072 ALA-115 column, 150x1mm, 3um C18 250.1122 ALF-515 column, 150x4.6mm, 3um C18250.1080 ALC-525 column, 250x4.6mm, 7um 250.1125 ALF-315 column, 150x3.0mm, 3um C18250.1082 ALC guard column starter kit 250.1126 ALG-515 column, 150x4.6mm, 3um250.1084 ALC guard column repl. cartr. 5/pk 250.1128 ALG guard column inserts, 3pk250.1094 ALB-215 column, 150x2.1mm, 3um C18 250.1130 ALG guard column holder250.1095 ALB-205 column, 50x2.1mm, 3um C18 250.1132 ALH precolumn cartridges 5x1mm, 5pk250.1096 ALB-115 column, 150x1.0mm, 3um C18 250.1134 ALH precolumn holder 5mm250.1097 ALB-105 column, 50x1.0mm, 3um C18 250.1500 Column guard holder 4.0-4.6mm250.1100 ALD-510 column, 100x4.6mm, 7um AEX 250.1502 Column guard holder 2.1-3.0mm250.1101 ALD guard column starter kit 250.1504 Column guard holder 1.0mm250.1102 ALD-515 column, 150x4.6mm, 7um AEX 250.1516 ALF 3um drop-in cartridge 10x4.0mm,4pcs250.1104 ALE-315 column, 150x3.0mm, 3um C18 250.1518 ALF 3um drop-in cartridge 10x2.1mm,4pcs250.1105 ALE-310 column, 100x3.0mm, 3um C18 250.1520 ALF 3um drop-in cartridge 10x1.0mm,4pcs250.1110 ALF-105 column, 50x1.0mm, 3um C18 250.1522 ALA 5um drop-in cartridge 10x4.6mm,4pcs250.1112 ALF-110 column, 100x1.0mm, 3um C1830

Kits, columns and valvescolumns, KITS and valvesAccessories for trouble free analysis• Standardization• Easy & fast installation• Reduction of the total installation time• Optimal performanceFor most applications the choice of column, chemicals andother accessories for sample pre-treatment are crucial fortrouble free analysis. Antec’s system solutions include allnecessary parts and chemicals to make your analysis work.To obtain superior performance relevant system details areoptimized. For example, connecting tubing is prefabricated,sharply cut, and optimized in diameter and length to avoiddead volume. All Antec columns are flushed extensivelyremoving all electrochemically active contaminants, and areshipped ready for EC analysis.Schematic drawing LC connectionsProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®31

SoftwareDevice controlAn extensive list of devices can be controlled by Clarity,operational parameters are stored in method files andchromatograms. It makes methods easily interchangeablebetween systems.Peak table and chromatogramUsers can easily edit acquired chromatograms visually inthe graph or through the integration table. The Result tables(Results, Summary, Column Performance, etc.) can becustomized to display the data you want to see.The Summary tab displays data from overlaidchromatograms in one summary table.Report optionsA fully featured report editor allows reporting data oncustomized templates.Sample queueThe Sequence table is a user friendly interface tocompose a queue for automated injections. The status ofeach row is indicated by the colored symbols.Copy, paste, fill down, auto increment and time/datefields for file title are available.Part no.Description195.0035 Clarity single instr. incl LC, AS mod.195.0037 Clarity single instr. incl LC mod.Tray menuThe AS 110 can be used with a large variety of wellplates and vials. Up to 4 specific reagent positions canbe defined.195.0C50 Clarity Single Instrument SW (1tb)Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance195.0C55 Clarity Single Instrument Add-on195.0C59 Clarity Evaluation off line versionHardware requirementsThe minimal PC hardware requirements for the installationof the ROXY system in combination with theClarity data software are listed in the table below:Operating system Windows XP/2000/Vista/7The Windows operating system should beupdated with the latest Service Packs (SP).Processor> 1 GHzRAM> 512 MBMonitor Resolution 1024x768, 64KHard discNTFS, >10GB free HD spaceUSB 2 free USB ports (USB 2.0)Software requirementsBeside the minimum hardware requirements we stronglyrecommend to have the following software installed:SoftwareAdobe PDF readerInternet explorer 7.0 orother browser +internet connectionMS Office (Excel®)UseReading electronic versions ofthe user manualsAccessing the DataApex andAntec support websites, forupdates of software, manuals,troubleshooting or other info.Statistical data analysis®PCIDrives2 free full-size 32-bit PCI 2.0 slotsDVD or CD-ROMWinZIP or other archiverExtracting Claritypre-configured system files32

SoftwareClarityClarity software for system control and data acquisition• intuitive• Modular software package• Up to 4 independent timebases• Multiple instrument control• GLP, 21 CFR part 11 complianceClarity from DataApex is an advanced modular softwarepackage for data acquisition, data processing andinstrument control. Up to four independent LC systemseach with up to 12 detectors can be simultaneouslyconnected. Optional ‘Control modules’ provide integratedcontrol of selected instruments, ‘Extensions’ providespecialized functionality for PDA or GPC analysis. Its widerange of data acquisition interfaces (A/D converters, LAN,USB, and RS232) allows connection to virtually anychromatograph.Instrument windowThe Instrument window is the control center of the wholeprocess of data acquisition and evaluation.Data analysisThe Calibration window has two main screens, a globalcalibration table and dedicated tabs for each compound(on the screenshot). It includes a table with concentrationlevels matching the response with Amount and a calibrationcurve. Any point can be temporarily suspended in thegraph it will be marked with a circle instead of a cross.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®33

SoftwarePQ noise measurementDECADE II Performance Qualification is implemented inDialogue software. It is an automated performancequalification that results in a single page hardcopy PQ report.For PQ Noise measurement a dummy flow cell mustbe installed.Integrated scripting tool for OQAn OQ script is a series of commands to setparameters and read data from the detector. A script isexecuted by the script manager in Dialogue software.All results are printed in the OQ document which alsocontains the noise and signal test data. For successfulqualification a special OQ kit is available containingcables and tools for testing.Editor for time files, and transmitting to DECADE II:Time file editor is a tool for writing and transmitting timefiles to the detector.Database for audit trial and user rightsAn audit trail is available, keeping track of all eventsinitiated by registered users.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performancePart no.Description171.9005 Dialogue software, PQ version171.9002 Dialogue software, OQ/PQ version171.9007 Dialogue software, free version®34

SoftwareDialogue softwareService and OQ/PQ tool for DECADE II• OQ and PQ measurements• Scanning voltammetry• Simple data acquisition• Noise measurementDialogue software for Windows is a multi-functionalprogram to control the DECADE II electrochemical detector.Dialogue software is a tool for:• controlling all operational parameters of DECADE II• creating and transmitting time files to DECADE II• controlling DECADE II IO ports for external devices• control of DECADE II SDC• OQ and PQ measurements• scanning voltammetry• noise measurementDialogue software is one software package containingfunctionality for all different versions. Depending on thelicense dongle PQ/OQ functionality will be unlocked.There are no tools for further data analysis, thereforeDialogue software can not be considered as a fullyfeatured chromatography software package.All relevant settings can be storedon PC and loaded for later useunder identical conditions.Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®35

THE FINEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FORFOOD & BEVERAGE ANALYSISEVER PROCESSEDDocumentationSupportInvitation to Antec’s support site• 24/7 access to Antec’s knowledge base• application notes, manuals, tutorials• software updates & free trials220_002 #03FOOD & BEVERAGEAPPLICATION NOTEPage : 1/10Customer satisfaction is and has always been our firstpriority. To support our customers we have created asupport website which is now at your disposal.Our knowledgebase contains all the relevant tips and tricksfrom years of experience in LC-ECD.It offers a 24/7 support, always available when needed.ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATESANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY ANDPULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTIONBisphenol ACatechinsFlavonoids and phenolsPhenolsAntioxidantsPolyphenolsResveratrolEpicatechinQuercetinother polyphenolsCarbohydratesIodideVitamins A, C, D, E, and KQ10ubiquinolsINTRODUCTIONCarbohydrates not only providethe most easily accessibleenergy source for ourbody, they also play an importantrole in many physiologicalprocesses. Some examplesof these processes areintercellular recognition,infection processes, andcertain types of cancer. Thedetermination of carbohydratesis of interest to thefood industry and many fieldsin life sciences.Analytes of interest includesimple mono- or disaccharides(such as glucose andsucrose), oligosaccharides(Maltodextrin), polysaccharides(starch, cellulose) andglycoproteins.Numerous analytical techniquesfor carbohydrate analysishave been developedover the years [6]. The polar,non-volatile, water-solublecarbohydrates are not easilyre-solved. Also detection ofthese non-chromophoriccompounds is difficult. Carbohydrateshardly have anyUV absorption and thereforeeither refractive index (RI) orelectrochemical detection(EC) is used for analysis.• Carbohydrates in food industry and fields in life sciences• Analytes of simple mono- or disaccharides• Analytes of oligosaccharides (Maltodextrin)• Analytes of polysaccharides (starch, cellulose)• Analytes of glycoproteinsDue to the poor detection limits of RI, EC has become the preferreddetection method in trace analysis. Anion-ExchangeChromatography at high pH in combination with pulsedamperometric detection (PAD) is nowadays the most sensitiveanalytical method available for carbohydrate analysis [1,2].In this application note we present a simple and sensitive systemsolution for the determination of sugars and oligosaccharides infood products based on the ALEXYS 100 'Carbohydrate' systems.MethodAnion Exchange Chromatography - Under alkaline conditions (pH> 12) carbohydrates can be separated by means of Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Carbohydrates are weak acids withpKa values ranging between 12 and 14. At high pH they will beeither completely or partially ionised depending on their pKavalue. Due to the extreme alkaline conditions only polymericanion-exchange columns are suitable for carbohydrate separation.The retention time of carbohydrates is inversely correlated withpKa value and increases significantly with molecular weight. Theelution order of carbohydrates on such anion-exchange columnsis usually as follows: sugar alcohols elute first, followed by mono-,di-, tri-, and higher oligosaccharides.CarbohydratesAntec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.comAntec (USA) - Suite 110 - 7502 Connelley Drive - Hanover MD 21076 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.comRegister today at www.myantec.comgo to support and have free access !Proven analyzers to guarantee your performance®37

DistributorsAlexys WORLDWIDE 110 REPRESENTATIONStandardised for routine analysisProven analyzers to guarantee your performance38®ARGENTINAAnalitica SAJorge Newbery 1840 of.3Buenos AiresPhone: +54 (11) 4772 4922/4450Fax: +54 (11) 4775 7549E-mail: analitica@analiticasa.com.arSite: www.analiticasa.com.arAUSTRALIAShimadzu Scientific InstrumentsUnit F10-16 South StreetRydalmere NSW 2116Phone: +61 (2) 96844200Fax: +61 (2) 96844055E-mail: info@shimadzu.com.auSite: www.shimadzu.com.auAUSTRIABIOLAB GmbHPelzgasse 7A-1150 WienPhone: +43 (1) 982 7575Fax: +43 (1) 982 7589Site: www.biolab.co.atE-mail: office@biolab.co.atBANGLADESHM/S RIFA Enterprise51 North GoranDhaka 1219BangladesPhone: +(880) 7215939Fax: +(880) 7215005E-mail: info@rifabd.comSite: www.rifabd.comBELGIUM, LUXEMBOURGAntec Leyden B.V.Industrieweg 122382 NV ZoeterwoudePhone: +31 (71) 5813333Fax: +31 (71) 5813334E-mail: mailbox@myantec.comSite: www.myantec.comBRAZILSINC Do Brasil IntrumentaçãoCientifica Ltda.Rua Coronel Melo de Oliveira 562,Vila PompéiaCEP 05011-040 - São Paulo - SPPhone: +55 (11) 3864 1411Fax: +55 (11) 387 9749E-mail: vendas@sinc.com.brSite: www.sinc.com.brCANADAAntec (USA)P.O. Box 111418Palm Bay, FL 32911USAToll free (888) 572 0012Phone: (321) 473-4202Fax: (321) 821-1938E-mail: info.usa@myantec.comSite: www.myantec.comCHINABeijing Quixave United TechnologyLtd. Corp.Room 301 Huilongsen BuildingB No.14 Zong He Street Yi ZhuangEconomic Develpment DistrictBeijing 100176Phone: + 86 (10) 5402 9811Fax: + 86 (10) 5102 9820E-mail: beijing@quixave.com.cnSite:http://huize.instrument.com.cnCOLOMBIACiCs Instruments S.A. (CrelabInstruments Colombo Sueca)Calle 147 No. 7B-64Bogota - ColombiaPhone: +57 (1) 615 23 63Fax: +57 (1) 608 03 59E-mail: carlota.gil@crelab.seCZECH REPUBLICScience Instruments and Softwares.r.o.Fetrovská 59160 00 Praha 6Phone: +420 (246) 037 483Fax: +420 (246) 030 500E-mail: info@sisw.czSite: www.sisw.czDENMARKBiolab A/SSindalsvej 29DK-8240 RisskovPhone: +45 (86) 212866Fax: +45 (86) 212301E-mail: sales@biolab.dkSite: www.biolab.dkEGYPTArab Consulting Engineers-OsmanA. Azzam & Co.Building No.5Street No.77, Al MaadiCairo 11728Phone:+20 (2) 750 8724, +20 (2)378 1577Fax: +20 (2) 378 3845E-mail:arabcons@internetegypt.comFINLAND,ESTLANDOrdior OyKonalantie 47A00390 HelsinkiPhone: +358 (9) 530 8000Fax: +358 (9) 530 80010E-mail: teuvo.joki@ordior.fiSite: www.ordior.fiFRANCEAlpha M.O.S.20 Av. Didier Daurat31400 ToulousePhone: +33 (5) 6247 6459Fax: +33 (5) 6154 5615E-mail: info@alpha-mos.comSite: www.alpha-mos.comGERMANYAxel Semrau GmbH & Co.KGStephansbecke 4245549 SprockhövelPhone: +49 (2339) 12090Fax: +49 (2339) 6030E-mail: info@axelsemrau.deSite: www.axelsemrau.deGREECEBiosolutionsLtd249 MesogionAve.154 51 N. Psychiko, AthensPhone: +30 210 6753453Fax: +30 210 6753454E-mail: info@biosolutions.grWeb site: www.biosolutions.grHUNGARY, SERBIA &MONTENEGROABL&E - JASCO Hungary Ltd.Fehérvári út 130H-1116 BudapestHungaryPhone: +36 (1) 209 3538Fax: +36 (1) 279 0472E-mail: ablehun@ablelab.comSite: www.ablelab.comINDIASpinco Biotech Pvt LtdPost Box No. 6114No.4 Vaidyaram StreetT. Nagar, Chennai 600 017IndiaPhone : +91 (44) 2434 0174Fax : +91 (44) 2434 0761E-mail: chennai@spincotech.comSite: www.spincotech.comINDONESIAP.T. Besha AnalitikaKomplek Ruko Pulogadung TradeCentre Blok 8B No. 59Kawasan Industri PulogadungJl. Raya Bekasi KM 21Jakarta TimurPhone: +62 (21) 4683 5883Fax: +62 (21) 4683 2968E-mail: maryanta@indosat.net.idIRANShimi Tajzieh Sina Engineering Co,Ltd.No. 19, Amaj St. 33rd Asadabadi St.Teheran 14346I.R. IranPhone: +98 (21) 88702730Fax: +98 (21) 88722029E-mail: info@shimisina.comSite: www.shimisina.comIRELANDAPEX Scientific Ltd.Unit F12,Maynooth BusinessCampus, Maynooth,Co KildarePhone: +353 (1) 6854 686Fax: +353 (1) 5054 665E-mail: info@apexscientific.ieSite: www.apexscientific.ieISRAELLab ExpertsP.O.B. 3383Bat Yam 59134Phone: +972 (3) 657 3785Fax: +972 (3) 657 3785E-mail: alexander@lab-experts.comSite: www.lab-experts.comITALYAlfatech S.r.l.Via Scarsellini 9716149 GenovaPhone: +39 (010) 469 9369FAX: +39 (010) 469 9377E-mail: info@alfatechspa.comSite: www.alfatechspa.comJAPANSanwa Tsusho Co., Ltd.13-2, Nishi-Gotanda 3-chromeShinagawa-kuTokyo 141-0031Phone: +81 (3) 3492 6300Fax: +81 (3) 3492 6311E-mail: mailto@sanwatsusho.comSite: www.sanwatsusho.comJORDANHijaz Electronic & Scientific SuppliesEst.P.O. Box 925133Amman 11190 JordanPhone: +962 (6) 5562195Fax: +962 (6) 5562194E-mail: hijaz@go.com.jo

DistributorsKOREAYoung Lin Instrument Co. Ltd.899-6 Hokye 2-dong,Dongan-gu, Anyang-siKyounggi-do 431-836Tel:+82 (31) 428 8700Fax:+82 (31) 428 8787E-mail: webmaster@younglin.comSite: www.younglin.comMALAYSIAResearch Instruments Sdn. Bhd.Jalan SS25/2, Taman Bukit Emas,47301 Petaling Jaya,SelangorPhone: (603) 7804 8600Fax: (603) 7804 8599E-mail: info@ri.com.mySite: www.ri.com.myMEXICOEVOELUTION SA de CVMiguel N. Lira 292Col. Villa de Cortés03530 Mexico, D.F.Phone: +52 (55) 5579 0759Fax: +52 (55) 5579 0742E-mail:octavio_arrellin@evoelution.comSite: www.evoelution.comMOROCCOSCOMEDICAN°22 Résidence Abir RueMausoléeQuartier de Hôpitaux20100 CasablancaPhone: +212 (22) 864578 /+212 (22) 864608Fax: +212 (22) 864579E-mail: scomedica1@menara.maNETHERLANDSAntec Leyden B.V.Industrieweg 122382 NV ZoeterwoudePhone: +31 (71) 5813333Fax: +31 (71) 5813334E-mail: mailbox@myantec.comSite: www.myantec.comNEW ZEALANDShimadzu Scientific Instruments(Oceania) Pty. Ltd.Unit A, 13-15 Collard PlaceHendersonAucklandNew Zealand 1230Phone: +64 (9) 8367750Fax: +64 (9) 8367757E-mail: sales@shimadzu.co.nzSite: www.shimadzu.com.auNORWAYBergman ASSlynga 2N-2005 RaelingenPhone: +47 (63) 835 600Fax: +47 (63) 835 610E-mail: info2@bergman.noSite: www.bergman.noPAKISTANAnalytical Measuring Systems(Pvt.) Ltd.AMS HousePlot # 14C,Main Sehar CommercialAvenueCommercial Lane 4Khayaban-e-SeharD.H.A. Phase 7KarachiPhone: +92 (21) 5345581, 5340747Fax: +92 (21) 5345582E-mail: amsana@cyber.net.pkSite:www.amspvtltd.com/AMSPERUElectromedica Peruana S.A.Analytical DivisionAv. ProlongJ. Prado Oeste 630Mag. Del Mar, LimaPhone: +51 (1) 460 1317Fax: +51 (1) 460 1448E-mail:empesaan@millicom.com.pePOLANDSHIM-POL A.M. BorzymowskiReszka Spolka JawnaUl. Lubomirskiego 505-080 Izabelin k. WarszawyPhone: +48 (22) 722 7048/49/50Fax: +48 (22) 722 7051E-mail: shimadzu@2a.plSite: www.shim-pol.plPORTUGALBiocitek S.A. - Grupo Taper PortugalDepartamento de EquipamentosAnaliticosEst. da Barrosa, Elospark 32725-193 Mem-Martins, SintraPhone: +351 (21) 922 7200Fax: +351 (21) 922 8800E-mail: geral@grupotaper.ptROMANIAS.C. VIOLA total S.R.L.Str.Telescopului, Nr. 13A014368Sector 1BucharestPhone: +40 (21) 233 2339Fax: +40 (21) 233 2340E-mailoffice@viola.roSite: www.viola.roRUSSIAANALIT Co. Ltd.Bolshoi Prospect V.O.Building 31, Office 108199004 St.PetersburgPhone: +7 (812) 325 5502Fax: +7 (812) 320 6917E-mail: info@analit-spb.ruSite: www.analit-spb.ruSAUDI ARABIAK.I. Abdulkadir & Partners Co. Ltd.P.O. Box 9547Jeddah 21423Saudi ArabiaPhone: +966(2)6405846Fax: +966(2)6404710E-mail: info@kiaksa.comSite: www.kiaksa.comSINGAPOREResearch Instruments PTE Ltd26 Ayer Rajah Crescent,#03-10Singapore 139944Phone:+65 6775 7284Fax: +65 6775 9228E-mail: info@ri.com.sgSite: www.ri.com.sgSLOVAKIAShimadzu SlovakiaUl. Dr. V. Clementisa 1082102 BratislavaSlovakiaPhone: +421 (2) 48200081-4Fax: +421 (2) 48200085E-mail: mlynar@shimadzu.skSite: www.shimadzu.skSPAINIngenieria Analitica s.l.Avda.de Cerdanyola, 73Apartado 28208190 Sant Cugat Del VallèsBarcelonaPhone: +34 (93) 590 2850Fax: +34 (93) 675 0516E-mail: inf@ingenieria-analitica.comSite:www.ingenieria-analitica.comSWEDENCrelab Instruments ABKalvhagen 20SE-42750 BilldalPhone: +46 (31) 748 9626Fax: +46 (31) 748 9426E-mail: info@crelab.seSite: www.crelab.seSYRIANM-ANALYSISContact person:Mr. Hussam NabhaniDamascusMobile Phone: + 963 944396912Fax: + 963 (11) 44691167E-mail: nbh0@aloola.syTAIWANAnatech Co., Ltd.2F, No. 245, Nung An St.Taipei 104Phone: +886 (2) 2500 6520Fax: +886 (2) 2502 8195E-mail: anatech@ms6.hinet.netTHAILANDSithiporn Ass. Co., Ltd451 Sirinthorn Rd.Bangbumru, BangpludBangkok 10700Phone: +66 (2) 8819244Fax: +66 (2) 433 1679Site: www.sithiporn.co.thTUNISIA, ALGERIAScience & Technology (Satco)54, Av. Tahar Ben Achour1082 Mutuelleville TunisPhone: +216 (1) 794 312 / 788 690Fax: +216 (1) 792 354E-mail: satco@planet.tnTURKEYDolunay Teknik Cilhazlar Ltd. Sti.Ornek Tepe Cad No. 165/134445 Sutluce IstanbulPhone: +90 (212) 210 5435Fax: +90 (212) 210 5380E-mail: info@dolunay.comSite: www.dolunay.comU.A.E., QATAR, YEMEN,KUWAIT, BAHRAINEMPHOR FZCOP.O. Box 61232Jebel Ali Free ZoneDubaiPhone: +971 (4) 8830233Fax: +971 (4) 8830133E-mail: emphorfzco@emphor.bizSite: www.emphor.bizUSAAntec (USA)P.O. Box 111418Palm Bay, FL 32911USAToll free (888) 572 0012Phone: (321) 473-4202Fax: (321) 821-1938E-mail: info.usa@myantec.comSite: www.myantec.comProven analyzers to guarantee your performance®39

®Antec (Leyden) B.V.Industrieweg 122382 NV ZoeterwoudeThe NetherlandsTel. +31 (0)71 581 33 33Fax +31 (0)71 581 33 34info@myantec.comwww.myantec.comAntec (USA)P.O. Box 111418Palm Bay, FL 32911USAToll free (888) 572 0012Phone (321) 473-4202Fax (321) 821-1938info.usa@myantec.comwww.myantec.comDistributor15200910