Plant Diversity Challenge - Plantlife

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Objective 3: Using Plant Diversity SustainablyTarget 11:Protecting species frominternational tradeOngoing actions contributing tomeeting the target• Assessing status of plants and fungi(target 2)• Continuing to contribute to thedevelopment of CITES and associated EUregulations to ensure they remain aneffective international tool to controlinternational trade in UK’s wild floraHigh priority additional work• Determining whether there are anytrade sensitive species of plants orfungi, and monitoring these species toidentify what needs to be done toprotect themNo species of wild flora endangered by internationaltrade.ScopeInternationally, many plants are legitimately traded in a sustainable way.This target isdirected at those species endangered or potentially endangered by this internationaltrade. However, the action is focussed on the impact of trade on the UK’s flora,rather than the impact of UK consumers on plants abroad.Current situationThere is currently no evidence of endangerment of any UK species of plant orfungus directly by international trade (see table 11.1). Some wild plants are protectedagainst international trade under the Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species (CITES).The only UK species to which CITES applies aresnowdrop Galanthus nivalis, if this is native, and all orchid species.Medium priority additional work• Reviewing the threat of geneticpollution of native populations fromtrade in non-native materialTable 11.1 Evidence of endangerment of any UK plant or fungus speciesby international tradePLANT GROUP INTERNATIONAL ENDANGERMENT ACTIONTRADEVascular Plants Little or no true No evidence of UK use needsinternational trade in UK endangerment by monitoring andwild plants.There has international trade. targeting of possiblebeen exploitation of UK illegal trade. Nationaltaxa for national use and illegal trade can seeksome possible export to an internationalEU countries. outlet.Lichens Some collection. No evidence of UK use needsendangerment by monitoring.international trade.Bryophytes Collection of bryophytes No evidence of UK use needsdoes occur e.g. collection endangerment by monitoring.of pleurocarpous weft international trade.forming mosses by rakingfrom conifer plantations.Algae Some collection. Impact No evidence of UK use needsof maerl dredging endangerment by monitoring.unknown. international trade.Fungi Some collection. No evidence of UK use needsIncreasing interest and endangerment by monitoring.demand. international trade.34
MARK HAMBULL/WOODFALL WILD IMAGESThe UK has played a leading role in promoting and supporting the use of CITES asthe international tool for sustainable trade in wild plants and animals.The EuropeanUnion (EU) implements CITES by regulations which go considerably further than thebasic Convention. Council Regulation (EC) 338/97 is the core legal tool within the EUand is directly applicable in all member states, it is backed up by the implementationtool Commission Regulation (EC) 939/97 and its updates.These controls are the UKmechanism for dealing with international wildlife trade.They operate within thecontext of an EU with free movement within the borders of the Union.The EUrepresents one of the three largest markets for international wildlife trade alongwith the USA and Japan.This market will only grow with the expansion of the EU to25 member states in 2004. In terms of wildlife trade the UK’s international borderslie at the boundary of the European Union.Orchids, such as early-purple orchid Orchismascula above, and snowdrops are protectedfrom international tradeOn a separate issue, there is some concern about the vulnerability of native speciesfrom genetic pollution from the trade in species of non-native origin.Looking to the futureIn terms of wildlife trade the UK's international borders lie at the boundary of theEuropean Union and the additional controls put in place by the EU are thereforefundamental to any action to protect UK species from over-exploitation or tocontrol the United Kingdom’s use of wild plant resources from other countries.The threat of genetic pollution of native populations from trade in wild plants of nonnativeorigin should be ascertained and minimised. The problem could be exacerbatedby the UK’s inclusion in EU boundaries for wildlife trade. This issue was acknowledgedin the recent Defra-led review of non-native species as one which required furtherdetailed consideration in due course. Flora locale has led the way in trying to provideguidance on the supply and use of native flora for projects in the town or countryside.35
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Plant Diversity Challenge - Plantlife

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