Cauvery River Water Sharing Disputes and Solutions - Tamilnadu ...

gug;Giu ntspaPL: [_iy 2013è£MKïF c˜ŠðƒWĆ‚èèÀ‹ & êKò£ù b˜¾èÀ‹Nkl;^h; mizxNfdf;fy; mUtpntspapl;lth;fs;:fy;yizjkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw %j;j nghwpahsH rq;fk;1c/36> ts;Sth; rhiy> TSD efh;> mUk;ghf;fk;> nrd;id - 600 106.(044- 6566 8377 / 65 879 289) kpd;dQ;ry; : er_a_veerappan@hotmail.com

‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 1 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

cs;slf;fk;Mf;f ciu 71. thop ele;jha; fhNthp 112. fh;ehlfhtpd; Kl;Lf; fl;ilfSk; jkpo;ehl;bd; neba Nghuhl;lKk; 453. fhtphpr; rpf;fy;fSf;F kpfr;rhpahd jPh;Tfs; 674. Vjhh;j;jj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Nthkh? Vw;w eltbf;iffis vLf;fyhkh? 915. fhtphp ejpNahL rhh;e;j gpw ePh;g;gq;fPl;Lr; rpf;fy;fs; 1196. jiyaha ,izg;Gfs; 1297. fhtphpr;rpf;fy; - fhyKiw epfo;Tfs; 2458. fhtphpg;ghrdg;gFjp - ngUikkpF nghwpahsh;fs; gl;bay; 2699. jkpo;ehl;Lg; ghrdj;ij Nkk;gLj;jpa283Mq;fpNya nghwpahsh; ngUe;jiffs;10. Mtz E}y;fs; 285jiyaha ,izg;Gfs;1. Cauvery Waters – 1892 Agreement 1312. Cauvery Waters – 1924 Agreement 1323. Cauvery Waters – 1974 Agreement 1354. Draft Proposals of Govt. of India – 1976, 1981 & 1992 1375. Cauvery Facts Finding Committee Report – 1972 1416. Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal – Interim Award – June 25, 1991 1507. Supreme Court Decisions on Presidential Reference 1991 1568. Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal – Final Award – Feb 5, 2007 1639. Interstate Agreement on Parambikulam Aliyar Project 18210. Agreement on Bhavani, SIruvani & Amaravathi Project 19411. ngUk;ghrdj;jpl;lq;fs; Rw;Wr;#oiy Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wd - Er.rp.v];.Fg;Guh[; 20112. Discussions with Cauvery Delta Farmers Asociations on 27.12.2012 20613. ePh;epiyfisf; fhg;Nghk; - Gjpa ghrd Kiwfs; - khw;Wg; gaph;fs;- ntw;wp epfo;Tfs; ,jo;fs; gjpg;gpj;jit20914. fy;yizapidf; fl;batd; fhpfhyNd - Dr. Er.,nu.gue;jhkd; 241‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 3 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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Mf;f ciu :#d; 2012,y; jpUr;rpapy; ele;j xU fye;Jiuahlypy; gq;Nfw;w Jiwg;nghwpahsh;fs;rpyh; fhtphp ejpePh;g; gq;fPL - gy;NtW jlq;fy;fisAk; NrhjidfisAk; re;jpj;JtUfpwJ. jkpo;ehl;bd; Fwpg;ghf fhtphpg;ghrd gFjp coth;fspd; ghuk;ghpa chpikfSk;eyd;fSk; - rpwg;ghf mth;jk; tho;thjhuq;fSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;,r;rpf;fiyg; gw;wpa GhpjYk; tpopg;Gzh;Tk; nghJkf;fspilNa NghJkhd mstpy;,y;iy. rhpahd nghwpapay; njhopy;El;gj; jPh;TfSk; murpdUf;Fk; ghrd coth; rq;fg;nghWg;ghsh;fSf;Fk; KOikahf - njspthfj; njhpatpy;iy. vdNt Ky;iy nghpahWmiz njhlh;ghd rpf;fypy; Nghjpa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ Nghy - fhtphp ejpePh;g; gq;fPL gw;wpAk; Njitahdtpopg;Gzh;itAk; rhpahd jPh;Tfisg; gw;wpAk; %j;j nghwpahsh;rq;fk; xU tpsf;ff; ifNal;ilAk; xUFWk;glj;ijAk; jahhpj;J ntspapl Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpioe;jdh;.mjd; mbg;gilapy; j.eh> nghgJ %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; 26.06.2012 md;W fhtphp ghrdg; gFjpapy; gzpahw;wpaghrd ty;Yeh; mlq;fpa FOit epakpj;jJ.%j;j nghwpahsh; ty;Yeh; FO :1. nghwpQh;. nf.,uhkypq;fk;> Kjngh> nrd;id2. nghwpQh;. nt.ghYrhkp> KNkngh> nrd;id3. nghwpQh;. vk;.%h;j;jp> Kjngh> nrd;id4. nghwpQh;. vk;.gp.Jiuuh[;> Kjngh> jpUr;rp5. nghwpQh;. e.eluhrd;> KNkngh> jpUr;rp6. nghwpQh;. Nf.eluhrd;> Kjngh> nrd;id07.07.2012 md;W ty;Yeh; FO $b mwpf;ifapd; cs;slf;fj;ij tiuaWj;jJ. mt;thNw FWk;glj;jpw;F nghwpQh;.R.n[auhkd; (jpUr;rp) mth;fis xUq;fpizg;ghsuhff; nfhz;L kw;nwhU FO jk; glg;gpbg;igj; njhlq;fpaJ.08.09.2012 jpUr;rpapy; j.eh.nghgJ %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;f khepyr; nraw;FO Ky;iy nghpahW miz gw;wparpf;fiy fhurhukhf tpthjpf;fpwJ> mjDila FWk;glk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; Ky;iy nghpahW miziaf;fhg;Nghk;” ifNal;bd; gad;ghl;ilAk; nghpJk; NgrpaJ. %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; jkpo;ehl;by; kpfr; rpwe;j rKjhatpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpaJk; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpwJ.fhtphpejp ePu;g;gq;fPl;Lr; rpf;fy; - kpfTk; cr;r fl;lj;jpy; - cr;rePjpkd;wk; jkpof muR - kj;jpa muR - fh;ehlfh muRKjypait tpthjpj;j Ntisapy; fhtphp ghrdg;gFjp tptrha rq;fq;fspd; nghWg;ghsh;fSk; rKjha Mh;tyh;fSk;ghrdg; nghwpapay; ty;Yeh;fSk; Nehpilahf re;jpj;J fye;Jiuahl 27.12.2012 md;W jpUr;rpapy; xU tha;g;gpid%j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; Vw;gLj;jpj; je;jJ mr;rkaj;jpy; njspT Vw;gLj;jpl tpilNjLk; tpdhf;fs; gj;ijAk;7 tiuTj; jPh;TfisAk; Kd;itj;jJ.jkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; Kd;itj;jit.fhtphp ejpePh;g;gq;fPL tof;F - tpilNjLk; tpdhf;fs; gj;J1. fhtphp ePh;g;gq;fPL kw;Wk; njhlh;Gila tof;Ffs; gw;wpa rhpahd tpopg;Gzh;T cs;sjh? Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjh?jehnghgJ nghwpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; mYtyh;fsplk; (ghrd coth; rq;fg; nghWg;ghsh;fs; / tptrhapfsplk; jkpofmurpay; fl;rpahsh;fs; / rl;lkd;w / ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fsplk;).2. jkpof muRk; ,jw;Fg; nghWg;ghd CTC mYtyh;fSk; (IMTI) ,e;ehs; tiu vLj;Js;s eltbf;iffs;NghJkhditah? ,y;iy vd;why;> $Ljyhf vLf;f Ntz;ba Kaw;rpfs; vit?3. fhtphp ejpePh; tbepy nghwpahsh;fs; njhlh;GilNahh; gq;F vd;d? mth;fsplkpUe;J vd;d vjph;ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?4. fhtphpg;ghrd tptrhap rq;fq;fspd; fle;j fhy Nritfs; NghJkhditah? KO mZFKiw - Njitahd khw;wq;fs; - xUq;fpizg;G ahit?7. fhtphp ePiur; rhpahf rpf;fkhdkhf KOikahfg; gad;Lj;jpl Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs; njhiyNehf;Fj;jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jpl - epjp ngWtJ vt;thW?‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 7 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

8. jkpo;ehl;Lr; nra;jp ,jo;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; gpw Clfq;fs; vg;gbr; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;? mjw;fhdtopKiwfs; ahit?9. ,d;iwa #oypy; fhtphp ejpePh;r; rpf;fiy jPh;j;jpl njhptpf;Fk; jPh;Tfs; mtw;iwf; nfhz;L nrYj;Jk; topKiwfs;vit?10. jeh nghgJ %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; vLf;f Ntz;ba Fwpg;gpl;l eltbf;iffs; vit?(...NkYk; Nfs;tpfis vOg;gp tpilfisAk; juyhk; vd;Wk; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ.)mth;jk; fUj;JiufisAk; fhl;lkhd NahridfisAk; Nfl;L %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; rpy gadhd - vspjpy;eilngwf; $ba cldbj; jPh;TfisAk; njhiyNehf;Fg; ghh;itapy; cUg;gbahd ePz;lfhyj; jPh;TfisAk;njhFj;J toq;fpaJ.tiuT jPh;Tfs; (Draft Decisions)gd;khepy ejpfisj; Njrpa kakhf;fp fhtphpejp fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; FOtpid epWtply;.fhtphp eLth; kd;wj; jPh;g;gpid epiwNtw;whj fh;ehlfh muRf;F murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lk; 365,d;gb. kj;jpa muRjhf;fPJ mDg;gpr; nraw;gLj;jy; - kWj;jhy; murpay; rl;lk; 356,d;gb fh;ehlfh rl;lkd;wj;ij Klf;fp itj;jy;(Placing Karnataka Assembly under suspended animation)kj;jpa muRf;F - kj;jpa mikr;rh;fSf;F (jkpo;ehL) njhlh; neUf;fb nfhLj;jy;.jkpo;ehl;Lg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F njhlh; neUf;fb nfhLj;jy;.ghrd coth;fspd; kdepiyapid khw;wp jd;dk;gpf;ifapid tsh;j;jpl toptiffs; fhzy;ghrdg;gFjpapy; jpl;lkpl;L ePh;g;ghrdf; fl;likg;Gfis Nkk;gLj;jy;.khw;Wg;gaph; Kiwfs; - khw;Wg; ghrd Kiwfs; - $l;LNtshz;ik filgpbj;jy;.jkpof murpay; fl;rpfs; - fhtphpr; rpf;fypy; jkpof czh;NthL cz;ikahd mf;fiwNahL xNu Fuypy; nraw;glNtz;LNfhs; tpLj;jy;...,e;jf; fye;JiuahlYf;F nghwpQh;. Nf.ey;Yrhkp> nghwpQh;. e.eluhrd;> nghwpQh;.vk;.gp.Jiuuh[;> jpU.fhe;jpgpj;jd;>nghwpQh;. fp.kDuh[; kw;Wk; nghwpQh;. v];.,uhrNrfud; MfpNahh; nghpJk; cjtpdh;. ,f;fye;Jiuahly; $l;leltbf;iffisj; njhFj;J nra;jp ,jo;fs; ntspapl;lit gpd;dpizg;gpy; (12) fhzyhk;.Nkl;^h; mizapy; ,Ug;Gj; jz;zPh; (70…0” mb cauk; - 32.70 bvk;rp nfhs;ssT) NghJkhd mstpy; ,y;yhjNghJk; 17.09.2012 md;W ghrdj;jpw;F jkpof muR jpwe;jJk; Kiwahd jpl;lkply; ,d;wp ...120 ehs; rk;gh ney;gapiug; gaphpl;lJk; - cr;rePjpkd;wk; kj;jpa murpd; ePh;ts mikr;rfg; nghWg;ghsh;fspd; nghWg;gw;w jd;ikahy;Fiwe;j msT jz;zPh; $lf; fpilf;fhky; NghdJk; gy ,yl;rk; Vf;fh; epyq;fs; tpisahky; jz;zPhpd;wp fUfpcoth; FLk;gq;fs; gy nehbj;Jg; NghdJk; (12 tptrhapfs; thq;fpa flid jpUg;gpj;ju topapd;wp kdKile;Jjw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lJk;)> tptrha rq;fq;fs; el;l cUg;gbahd jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfisj; jUkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 8 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

,e;jg; gzpg;gil (Task Force)Ak; ePz;l fye;Jiuahly;fis epfo;j;jpAk;> fhtphp ghrdg; gFjpfis tphpthfg;ghh;itapl;Lk; nly;lh tptrhapfspd; (Kd;Ndhb) Nahridfisf; Nfl;Lk; fhtphp ghrdg;gFjpapy; ghrdf;fl;likg;Gfis nghpJk; Nkk;gLj;jpl KOikahf fUj;JUf;fis (Concrete Proposals) &.5100/- Nfhbjpl;lkjpg;gPl;by; nraw;gLj;jpl jpl;lq;fshf etk;gh; 2008,y; je;Js;sJ. ,it jkpof murpd; jPtpu Ma;tpy;cs;sd. ,it gw;wpa tptuq;fSk; ,j;njhFg;gpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,it jtpu 2011-12,y; jkpof muR - SWARMAvDk; xU rpW FOtpid Xa;T ngw;w Kjd;ikj; jiyikg; nghwpahsh; Er.S.S.,uhrNfhghy; jiyikapy; epWtp -jkpo;ehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba ghrdj;jpl;lq;fis jPtpukhf Ma;e;J nraw;gLj;jpl eltbf;iffis vLj;JtUtJk; ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba nra;jpahf ehq;fs; fUJfpNwhk;.fhtphpapy; ekf;Fs;s ghuk;ghpa chpikfis xU rpwpJk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhJ njhlh;e;J Nghuhbf; nfhz;Nl (,dpNky; jkpo;ehl;bw;F toq;fg;gl;l 192 bvk;rp NghjhJ... $Ljyhf toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fhyj;ijf; flj;Jtjpy;vq;fl;F cld;ghby;iy. 1974 Kjy; 2007 tiu 33 Mz;LfisAk; - ,Wjpj; jPh;g;ig murpjopy; ntspapl NkYk; xU6 Mz;LfisAk; njhiyj;jpUf;fpNwhk;)> jkpofj;jpw;Fs;Ns... ekf;F fpilf;Fk; ePiuf; nfhz;Nl vg;gbj;jpl;lkpLtJ> czT cw;gj;jpiaf; FiwahJ kPl;L vLg;gJ vg;gb> fhtphp ghrdg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;banghwpapay; fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs;> fhtphpg;ghrd coth;fs;> mth;fspd; rq;fg; nghWg;ghsh;fs;> kw;Wk;Clfq;fspilNa Vw;gl Ntz;ba kdkhw;wk; - njhlh;e;j gug;Giu vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf... jkpofj;jpd;ePh;tsq;fis rPuikj;J Nkk;gLj;jp ‘jz;zPh; jd;dpiwTj; jkpofk; rhj;jpaNk” vd;gjw;Fhpa ePz;lfhyj;jpl;lq;fisAk; jPh;thfj; njhptpj;Js;Nshk;. ,it vy;yhk; rj;jpakhf rhj;jpaNk> Kidg;NghL nghwpahsh;fSk;>ghrd coth; rq;fg; nghWg;ghsh;fSk; - rKjha Mh;tyh;fSk; - xUq;fpize;J Kad;why; ,d;Dk; 10 Mz;Lfspy;jkpofj;jpy; jz;zPh;g;gw;whf;Fiw vd;w Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lkpUf;fhJ. ,jw;F Clfq;fspd; KO xj;Jiog;Gk; Ntz;Lk;vd;W jho;ikAld; Ntz;LfpNwhk;.,e;j njhFg;Ngl;by; fPo;f;fz;litAk; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it fhtphp njhlh;ghd gpw Mw;Wr; rpf;fy;fisAk;Ghpe;Jnfhs;s cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.1. guk;gpf;Fsk; MopahW jpl;l xg;ge;jk; (NfushNthL)2. rpWthzp FbePh;j; jpl;l xg;ge;jk;3. mkuhtjp MW jpl;l xg;ge;jk;fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPl;L tof;fpd; fhy Xl;l epfo;TfSk; (1990 Kjy; 5/2013 tiu) (Chronological Events) $Ljy;jftYf;fhf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.,tw;iwj; jtpu fhtphpghrdg;gFjpiar; nrOikg;gLj;jpa fhpfhw;Nrhod;> fy;yizapid Nkk;gLj;jpa rh;Mh;jh;fhl;ld;> Nkl;^h; mizapd; rpw;gp fh;dy; vy;yP]; KjypNahhpd; gzpfSk; ,g;gFjpapy; gzpGhpe;jnghJg;gzpj;Jiwg; nghwpahsh;fspd; kjpg;GW ngah;g;gl;baYk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.ed;wpAk; ghuhl;Lk;,j;jifa KOikahd xU jfty; ifNal;il jeh nghgJ %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fk; njhFj;J ntspapl Ntz;Lk;vd;W fUj;Jiuj;j nghwpahsh;fSf;Fk;>Njitahd jfty;fs;> VLfs;> gioa rhd;Wfs; kw;Wk; epiyahd jPh;Tfs; mspj;j vq;fs; %j;j nghwpahsh;ty;Yeh; FOtpdh;f;Fk; Njitahd jfty;fisj; je;Jjtpa Nguhrphpah;. Er.M. .Rg;gpukzpak; Er.R.,sq;Nfhtd;>Er.S.rptypq;fk;> Er.R.Rg;gpukzpad;> Er.M.Nrfh;> Er.A.nja;tPfd;> Er.RNu\;Fkhh;> Er.jp.j.rz;KftbNty; kw;Wk;Er.A.gpufjP];tud;> MfpNahh;f;Fk; fye;Jiuahly; $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhz;L jq;fspd; fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiuj;j tptrha rq;fq;fspd;nghWg;ghsh;fSf;Fk;....FWk;glj;ij ,af;fpf; FWe;jflhf mspj;j Er.S.nrauhkd;> jpU. Nkh. jpNd\; fz;zd;> jpU.nt.KUfd;>Er.jp.j .rz;KftbNty;> Er.R.Rg;gpukzpad; kw;Wk; Er.S.fhh;j;jpNfad; MfpNahu;f;Fk;...vOjpAk; njhFj;Jk; nghpJk; cjtpa %j;j nghwpahsh; rq;fj;jpd; nghWg;ghsh;fSf;Fk;... Er.A.tPug;gd; & ez;gh;fs;FOkj;jpd; jpUkjp. V.nrae;jp> jpUkjp. tPukyh;tpop> ml;ilg;glj;ij tbtikj;j nry;tp tp.G+q;Foyp (9 tFg;G)MfpNahh;f;Fk;.Mf;fKk;> Cf;fKk; rpwg;G ed;nfhilAk; mspj;j jeh nghgJ nghwpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; %j;j nghwpahsh;fs;ez;gh;fSf;Fk;.,ij kpd;dr;rpl;L mspj;j... M.S.Graphic & Prints jpU.ehrh;> kw;Wk; nrd;id ikf;Nuhgphpz;l;]; mr;rfj;jhh;f;Fk;vq;fs; ed;wp cupajhFf.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 9 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ò£õ¼‹ «èO˜! ñ‚è£œò£‹ á«ó!ã‹ èŸè£î ï£OèŸè£ôˆ îIö¡ð£†´!àôè«ñ Mò‰î «è†´!Ýù£ ï¡ùìˆî¬î ï£èKè‹ð‡¬ì‚ è£ôñ£ùè¡ùìˆ¬î‚ è£µè«÷¡ð‡«ð è£ôñ£ùè£MK‚°ˆ î¼«õ£‹ °¼F!ñ£ŸÁ‚Aô£ ñQî˜‚° Ãì «îCò‹ & ªî¡ùèÝŸÁ‚Aô£ «ð£‚° ãŒ‚°‹ «ü£Cò‹Ü¡¬ø ï£O è£MK¬ò°Á‚«è ñì‚AŠ «ð£†ìõ¡ªê¼‚¬è Üì‚AŠ «ð£†ìõ¡âƒèœ ð£†ì¡ «ê£ö¡!ï£ƒèœ«ð£˜ˆªî£N ªêŒî Þù‹Ý˜ˆªî¿‰î£ Üì‚è º®ò£!î¬ô‚è£MKJ ªè£‡ì£†ì‹è¬ì‚ è£MKJ F‡ì£†ì‹Ü¡¬øòêñvî£ùˆF «ð£†ì åŠð‰î‹ & Ü¬ùõ¼‹êñ&vî£ùˆF Þ¼‚èˆî£¡ & Ýù£ãñ£ŸPù˜ è¿ˆ¬îÞÁ‚èˆî£¡å¼ñ£ & Gô‹ ñ†´«ñàœ÷ îIö¡ õ£ìô£ñ£-?å¼ ñ£Gô‹ ñ†´«ñÜÂðMˆ Ýìô£ñ£?àK¬ñ¬ò‚ «è†°‹ ºèˆFèK&¬ñ¬òŠ Ìêô£ñ£?àK¬ñ àKòõK¡ÜÂñF»‹ Þô£ñ & ð‡ð£†®Üµ&ñF»‹ Þô£ñ, Ü¬íèœ è†®ãèˆî£÷‹ «ð²õ‹ ¬ñòˆFãè î£÷‹ õ£CŠð‹ õ£®‚¬è«ò!âˆî¬ùÜŠð£‚èÀ‹ÜŒò£‚èÀ‹ Ý®ù£½‹ & ªî£ì‚èˆFî˜ñˆF¡ õ£›¾ î¡¬ù Åèš¾‹ñÁð®»‹ î˜ñ‹ ªõ½‹ & Ü‰î‚è£õK‚°ˆ î¼«õ£‹ °¼F!ªð£Pë˜. F.î.ê‡ºèõ®«õàîM ªêòŸªð£Pò£÷˜ & ªð£.ð.F†ì‹ ñŸÁ‹ õ®õ¬ñŠ¹ à†«è£†ì‹,î…ê£×˜.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 10 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


fhtphp ejp ePh;g;ghrdk; - mbg;gil tptuq;fs;fhtphp ejp fh;ehlf khepyk; FlF khtl;lj;jpy; Nkw;F njhlh;r;r;p kiyfspd; gpuk;kfphp kiyj;njhlhpy; jiyf;fhtphpvDkplj;jpy; fly;kl;lj;jpypUe;J 4400 (1341kP) mb cauj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ.Nfush> fh;ehlfh> jkpo;ehL kw;Wk; ghz;br;Nrhp khepyq;fspy; nkhj;jk; 81>155 rJu fpNyhkPl;lh; gug;gpidePH;tuj;Jg;gFjpahf nfhz;Ls;s gd;khepyq;fspilNa XLk; fhtphp ejp jiyf;fhtphp Kjy; G+k;Gfhh; tiu 800 fpNyhkPl;lh; J}uk; fle;J tq;fg; ngUq;flypy; rq;fkkhfpwJ. fh;ehlf khepyj;jpy; 320 fpNyh kPl;lh; J}uKk;> jkpof-fh;ehlfkhepy vy;iy neLfpy; 64 fpNyh kPl;lh; J}uKk;> jkpofj;jpy; 416 fpNyh kPl;lh; J}uKk; fle;J flypy; fyf;fpwJ.fhtphp ejpapd; tbepy gug;G :fh;ehlfh - 34273 rJu fpNyh kPl;lh;Nfush - 2866 “jkpo;ehL (ghz;br;Nrhp cl;gl) - 44016nkhj;jk; - 81>115 rJu fpNyh kPl;lh;fhtphpapy; fyf;Fk; MWfs; :fh;ehlfj;jpy; `huq;fp> N`khtjp> yl;Rkz jPh;j;jh> nrhh;ztjp> \pk;rh kw;Wk; mh;f;fhtjp.Nfusj;jpy; fgpdp cw;gj;jpahfp fh;ehlfj;jpy; fpU\;zuh[rhfh; mizf;FNky; Nrh;fpwJ. jkpofj;jpy; gthdp> neha;ay;kw;Wk; mkuhtjp NkYk; ,uz;L fpis MWfs; : ghyhW kw;Wk; rpd;dhW MFk;.fhtphpapd; xg;gw;wjd;ik : fhtphp ejp jkpo;ehl;by; xUtopapy; kl;Lk; fh;ehlj;jpypUe;J gha;fpwJ. ,jdhy; ePhpd; msitJy;ypakhf fzf;fpl KbAk;. ,e;j mikg;G NtW ve;jg; gd;khepy ejpePh; gfPh;tpy; ,y;iy.2. 1901 Mz;L ghrdg;gug;G :1901 Mz;L tiu fhtphpapYk; mjd; Kf;fpa Jiz ejpfspYk; eilngw;w ghrdk; ahTk; rpWgLf;if mizf; fl;Lfs;kw;Wk; tha;f;fhy;fs; %ykhfTk; Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf ‘nfhuk;Gfs;’ mikj;J rpWfhy; tha;f;fhy;fspy; ePh; xl;lj;ij jpUg;gpMw;wpd; fiufis xl;ba gFjpfspy; gaph; nra;tJ tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. fhtphp kw;Wk; mjd; Jiz ejpfspy;FbePUf;Nfh> njhopw;rhiyfspd; cgNahfj;jpw;Nfh> jz;zPiu vLj;Jr; nry;tJ eilKiwf;F nfhz;L tug;glhjfhyfl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ.jkpo;ehl;by; fhtphpg; ghrdk; : 16>04300 Vf;fh;fh;ehlf khepyj;jpy; fhtphpg;ghrdk; : 3>10>100 Vf;fh;nkhj;jk; : 19>14>400 Vf;fh;1901 Mz;L fhtphp ePh;g;gad; :jkpo;ehl;by; fhtphp ePhpd; cgNahf msT : 430.13 b.vk;.rpfh;ehlftpy; fhtphp ePhpd; cgNahf msT : 71.96 b.vk;.rpnkhj;jk; : 502.09 b.vk;.rp3. 1924 Mk; mz;L cld; gbf;if :1892 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; mjd; njhlh;r;rpahf 1924 Mk; Mz;L Vw;gl;l cld;gbf;ifg;gb fhtphpapd;FWf;Nf fh;ehlf muR fpU\;z uh[rhfuk; ePh;j;Njf;fk; fl;bf; nfhs;sTk; toptif nra;jJ jkpo;ehL muR Nkl;^h;ePh;j;Njf;fk; fl;bf; nfhs;sTk;> top tif Vw;gl;L ghrdg; gug;G tphpthf;fg;gl;lJ. Nfusg; gFjpapy; rpWghrdjpl;lq;fSk; FbePh;j; Njitf;fhf jz;zPh; vLg;gJk; eilKiwf;F te;jd.1956 Mz;by; ghrdg;gug;G :jkpo;ehl;by; ghrdg; gug;G : 23>17>100 Vf;fh;fh;ehlfhtpy; ghrdg; gug;G : 5>65>400 Vf;fh;Nfushtpy; ghrdg;gug;G : 6300 Vf;fh;nkhj;jk; : 28>88>800 Vf;fh;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 14 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

FbePh; Njitf;fhd ePhpd; msT : 7.20 bvk;rp ,j;Jld; ghrd Njitf;fhd ePHpd; msTk; Nrh;j;J nkhj;jk; 699.45 bvk;rpMf fhtphp ePHpd; Njit ,Ue;jJ.1971 Mk; Mz;L ghrdg; gug;G kw;Wk; ePHpd; Njit :jkpo;ehl;by; ghrdg;gug;G : 28>20>800 Vf;fh;fh;ehlfhtpy; ghrdg; gug;G : 6>68>000 Vf;fh;Nfushtpy; ghrdg; gug;G : 63000 Vf;fh;nkhj;jk; : 34>95>100 Vf;fh;FbePh;j; Njit kw;Wk; ghrdg; gug;Gf;fhd ePhpd; msT 749.70 b.vk;.rp. Mf cah;e;J tpl;lJ.cz;ik epiy mwpAk; FO (Facts Finding Committee) mwpf;if :khepyq;fSf;fpilNa fhtphpePh; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; Vw;gl;l rpf;fiyf; fisa 1972 Mz;L kj;jpa muR cz;ik epiymwpAk; FO mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;FO fhtphp %yk; gad; ngWk; kw;Wk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glTs;s ghrdj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fk;Nrh;j;J Njitg;gLk; ePhpd; mstpid kjpg;gpl;L mwpf;if rkh;g;gpj;jJ.Nfush khepyj;jpw;F : 208.70 b.vk;.rpfh;ehlf khepyj;jpw;F : 410.10 b.vk;.rpjkpo;ehL kw;Wk; ghz;br;Nrhp khepyj;jpw;F : 641.50 b.vk;.rpnkhj;jk; : 1260.30 b.vk;.rp‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 15 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013






District-wise-Summary of Computations of Stage of Development - As on 2009Name of the DistrictCommand/Noncommand/Poor GWQualityNet AnnualGroundWaterAvailabilityExistingGrossGroundWater Draftfor IrrigationExistingGross GroundWater Draft fordomestic andindustrialwater supplyExistingGrossGroundWater Draftfor All uses(11+12)Requirementfor domesticand industrialWater supplyup to 2025Net GroundWaterAvailabilityfor futureirrigationdevelopment(10-11-14)Stage ofGroundWaterDevelopment{(13/10)*100}%2 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 15Ariyalur Total 33850.04 16684.06 1252 17936.06 1348 15818 53%Chennai Total 1020.74 0 4141 4141 4141 Nil(-3120.26) 406%Coimbatore Total 50117.96 40003.22 2107.86 42111.08 2299.1 7815.63 84%Cuddalore Total 145648.16 42774.5 86259.44 129033.94 86586.15 16287.51 89%Dharmapuri Total 56318.79 62416.38 2352.9 64769.28 2437.71 Nil (-8535.31) 115%Dindigul Total 59450.23 67736.57 2821.72 70558.28 2916.02 Nil(-11202.39) 119%Erode Total 77448.52 47725.49 2385.52 50111.01 2785.76 26937.27 65%Kancheepuram Total 112037.06 80459.64 5076.81 85536.45 6585.22 25024.61 76%Kanyakumari Total 31654.31 3270.42 2456.44 5726.87 2888.44 25495.44 18%Karur Total 30299.45 26261.5 1033.2 27294.7 1097.2 2940.75 90%KrishnagiriTotal 54016.33 53849.32 3055.9 56905.22 3409.43 Nil (-3242.43) 105%Madurai Total 66288.09 47375.09 5969 53344.09 6353 12560.02 80%Nagapattinam Total 20683.91 28055.33 642.66 28697.98 657.72 Nil(-8029.13) 139%Namakkal Total 47640.91 39086.56 1838.21 40924.77 2054.32 6500.04 86%Nilgiris Total 17290.09 747.06 1849.9 2596.96 1913.9 14629.14 15%Perambalur Total 23278.52 30180.36 924.7 31105.06 924.7 Nil(-7826.54) 134%Pudukkottai Total 92844.02 36742.21 1926.1 38668.31 2515.9 53585.91 42%Ramanathapuram Total 34824.82 4615.61 449.29 5064.9 523.3 29685.91 15%Salem Total 79490.89 75225.95 2900.13 78126.08 3146.7 1118.25 98%Sivagangai Total 88290.42 24048.54 1716.52 25765.06 1978.73 62263.16 29%Thanjavur Total 68210.69 86557.97 3611.95 90169.92 3798.06 Nil(-22145.81) 132%Theni Total 42079.47 40897.76 779.3 41677.05 837.77 343.95 99%Thoothukudi Total 46331.71 25301.57 3497.59 28799.19 3929.59 17100.53 62%Tiruchchirappalli Total 72845.01 58322.04 5382.2 63704.24 5622.2 8900.77 87%Tirunelveli Total 106063.93 57756.17 7200.44 64956.59 7891.27 40416.48 61%Tiruppur Total 60179.78 44572.6 2129.04 46701.64 2467.53 13139.63 78%Tiruvallur Total 85314.34 48000.9 11012.57 59013.47 13008.72 24305.62 69%Tiruvannamalai Total 109260.9 108581.86 3564.03 112145.89 3795.24 Nil(-3116.21) 103%Tiruvarur Total 29825.75 25315.25 786.55 26101.81 850.86 3659.62 88%Vellore Total 53118.27 55385.8 5103.38 60489.18 5486.28 Nil(-7753.80) 114%Villupuram Total 216611.15 158601.95 8926.68 167528.63 9956.99 48052.22 77%Virudhunagar Total 52573.41 34582.43 2143.03 36725.47 2515.26 15475.72 70%State Total (Ha.m) 2064907.67 1471134.11 185296.06 1656430.18 196722.07 397084.3 80%State Total (Mcum) 20649.0767 14711.3411 1852.9606 16564.3018 1967.2207 3970.843State Total (B.Cu.m) 20.6490767 14.7113411 1.8529606 16.5643018 1.9672207 3.970843 80%State Total (TMC ) 729.6493534 519.8353746 65.47563958 585.3110177 69.51309894 140.3124735 80%‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 21 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

























fhtphp ePh;g;gq;fPL - fh;ehlfh Nghl;l Kl;Lf;fl;ilfs;fhtphpg; gLifapy; 19-k; E}w;whz;by; ik#H khepyj;jpd; ghrdj;jpl;lKk; 1892-k; Mz;L xg;ge;jKk; :ik#H gFjp kd;dH Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,Ue;jNghJ> fp.gp.1800-1830 fhyfl;lj;jpy;> gy Vhpfs; rPuikf;fg;gl;ld. GjparpWghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk; nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; nrd;id khepyj;jpy; fhtphp fopKfg;gFjp ghrdk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;vd;w Nehf;fpy; nrd;id khepy murhy; Ml;Nrgizfs; vOg;gg;gl;ld. 1831-1881 fhyfl;lj;jpy; ik#H gFjpMq;fpNyahpd; MSiff;F fPo; te;jNghJk;> 1881f;F gpwF ik#H kd;dH Ml;rpapd; fPo; kPz;Lk; te;jNghJk; gy Vhpfs;epHkhzpf;Fk; gzpfSk;> gy Gjpa ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk; nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; jkpofj;jpy; fhtphp fopKfg;gFjpghrdk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; ,uz;L muRfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; fbjg; ghpkhw;wq;fs; ele;J> 1890y; cjfkz;lyj;jpy; ,U muRfspd; Nky;kl;l mYtyh;fs; ,ilapy; fye;Jiuahly;fs; ele;J mjd; gadhf ik#H muRf;Fcl;gl;l gFjpapy; ghrdj;jpl;lq;fs; jilapd;wp elf;fTk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; fhtphp fopKfg;gFjp ghrdk; ghjpf;fhky;,Uf;fTk; nray;jpl;l fUj;JUf;fs; KbT nra;ag;gl;L 1892Mk; Mz;L Xh; xg;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; 'ik#Hghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; nrd;id - ik#H xg;ge;jk; 1892“ vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. (xg;ge;jj;jpd; efy; ,izg;G I MfMq;fpyj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ).1892-k; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; Kf;fpa tpjpKiwfs;:m. ik#H kd;dH Ml;rpg; gFjpapy;> fhtphpapYk; mjd; Jiz MWfspYk; (14Mk; mlq;fpaml;ltizapy; cs;sit) ik#H muR> nrd;id khepy murpd; Kd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp> Gjpa ghrdjpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;jf; $lhJ.M. mt;thW Gjpa ghrd jpl;lq;fSf;F xg;Gjy; NfhUk;;NghJmitfspd; KO tptuq;fisAk; nrd;id khepy muRf;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.,. mNj rkak;> nrd;id khepy muR jdJ ghrdg;gFjpfSf;F ghjfk; Neuhj tifapy;> mj;jpl;lq;fisghprPypj;J> tpiutpy; xg;Gjy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.1892-Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpw;F gpwF nray;gLj;jg;gl;l ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; 1924-Mk; Mz;Lxg;ge;jk;1900y; rptrKj;jpuj;jpy;> NfhyhH jq;f Ruq;fj;jpw;fhf> ePh kpd; epiyak; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; ghrdf;$Wfs; VJk;,y;yhjjhy; ,jw;F nrd;id khepy muR cldbahf xg;Gjy; mspj;jJ.fz;zk;ghb miz jpl;lk; : 1910y; fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf fz;zk;ghb mUfpy;> xU miz fl;b rptrKj;jpuk; ePHkpd; epiyaj;jpw;F jilapy;yh ePH toq;fTk;> GQ;irepyg; gFjpfSf;F> ghrd trjpaspf;fTk;> Kjw;fl;lkhf11b.vk;.rp. nfhs;ssT nfhz;l miz fl;lTk;> gpd;G ,uz;lhk; fl;lkhf 41.5 b.vk;.rp nfhs;ssTf;F miziacaHj;jTk; jpl;lk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ.Nkl;LH mizj; jpl;lk;: ,Nj fhyfl;lj;jpy; nrd;id khepyj;jpy; fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf xU mizfl;b fhtphpfopKfghrdj;ij nrk;ikg;gLj;jTk;> nts;sePiu fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; jpl;lk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ.. NkYk; fy;yizf;FmUfpy;> tyJ fiuapy; xU fhy;tha; ntl;b jQ;ir> GJf;Nfhl;il gFjp GQ;ir epyq;fSf;F ghrd trjpmspf;fTk; tif nra;ag;gl;lJ.fz;zk;ghb mizjpl;lk; ik#H fhtphp jpl;lk; vd;Wk; Nkl;LH mizj;jpl;k; nrd;id fhtphp jpl;lk; vd;Wk;miof;fg;gl;ld. ,t;tpU jpl;lq;fSk; 1910Mk; Mz;L ,Wjpapy; KOikahf jahhpf;fg;gl;ld. ,j;jpl;llq;fs; gw;wp ,UmuRfspilNaAk; fbj ghpkhw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;lNjhL kj;jpa muRld;> njhlHG nfhz;L jq;fs; jpl;lq;fSf;Fmq;fPfhuk; NfhhpdH.ik#H murpd; Ml;Nrgiz : ik#H muR> nrd;id fhtphpj; jpl;lj;jpy; $Ljy; ghrdtrjp nra;a ,Ug;gijvjpHj;jJ.nrd;id khepy murpd; vjpHg;G: nrd;id khepy muRk; fz;zk;ghb mizapd; Kjy; fl;l jpl;lj;jpw;F xg;Gjy;mspjj;Jjld; ,uz;lhk; fl;l jpl;lj;jpw;F vjpHg;G njhptpj;J> ,jw;F jq;fSila xg;Gjy; ,y;iy vd;Wk;>,j;jpl;lj;ij nray;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd;Wk; tw;GWj;jpdH. NkYk;> 1892 xg;ge;jj;jpy; nrd;id khepyj;jpy; Gjpa‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 47 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ghrd trjp nra;tJ gw;wp ve;j epge;jdNah fl;Lg;ghl;Nlh ,y;iy vd;gJk; nrd;id murpd; epiyg;ghlhf,Ue;jJ.kj;jpa murpd; mwpTiu: ,uz;L muRfSk; jq;fSf;Fs; kPz;Lk; fye;J Ngrp xU KbTf;F tUk;gb kj;jpa muRtw;GWj;jpaJ. mjd;gb Ngr;RthHj;ij ele;Jk; gad; VJk; Vw;gltpy;iy.eLtH jPHg;ghak; mikj;jy; : ,e;epiyapy; gpur;ridfisj; jPHf;f kj;jpa muR 1913y; xU eLtH jPHg;ghak;mikj;jJ>eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jPHg;G : eLtH jPHg;ghak; 1914y; jdJ jPHg;ig mspj;jJ. mj;jPHg;gpy;> nrd;id khepyj;jpy;cs;s fhtphpg; ghrdj;jpw;F Nghjpa ePHtoq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; fz;zk;ghb mizapypUe;J> ePiu tpepNahfk; nra;atpjpfs; tFj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> fz;zk;ghb mizapd; cauj;ij 124 mbahf 41.5 b.vk.rp. nfhs;ssTld;caHj;jpf; nfhs;syhk; vdTk;> nrd;id khepyj;jpy; fhtphp fopKf ghrdj;jpw;fhf Nky; mizapy; tpdhbf;F22750 fd mb> mjhtJ ePHkl;lmsitapy; 6.5 mb kl;lj;jpw;F> ePiu mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; jPHg;gspf;fg;gl;lJ.jPHg;gpd; kPJ> nrd;id khepy murpd; Nfhhpf;if: nrd;id khepy muR fopKfg; ghrdj;jpw;F Nky;mizapy;tpdhbf;F 26750 fd mb ePH Ntz;Lk;> MfNt Nky; mizapy; ePHk;l;lk; 7.5 mb cauj;jpw;F ePH toq;f Ntz;Lk;vd NfhhpaJ.kj;jpa murpd; kWg;G: nrd;id murpd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;f kj;jpa muR kWj;J eLtH jPHg;gha jPHg;ig cWjpnra;J Mizapl;lJ.nrd;id murpd; Nky;KiwaPL: nrd;id muR> kj;jpa murpd; Mizia vjpHj;J yz;ldpy; cs;s ,e;jpamuRr; nrayUf;F Nky;KiwaPL nra;jJ. nrd;id murpd; epahakhd Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W> kj;jpa muR cWjpnra;j Mizia epuhfhpj;jJ. Mdhy;> ik$H muR tpUk;gpdhy; fPo;f;fhZk; %d;W topfspy; xd;iwf;filgpbf;fyhk; vd;w rYifiaAk; mspj;jJ.1. nrayhpd; Kbit vjpHj;J Nky; KiwaPL ,yz;ld; nrayhplNk nra;ayhk>; my;yJ2. Gjpa eLtH jPHg;ghak; mikf;f Nfhuyhk;> my;yJ3. kPz;Lk; ,U jug;gpdUk; fye;Jiuahb xU jPHit vl;lyhk;.ik#H muR %d;whtJ topia tpUk;gpaJ.kPz;Lk; fye;Jiuahly; : ik#H muR tpUk;gpathW kPz;L:k; ,Ujug;gpdHfspd; jiyikg; nghwpahsHfspilNa1920 Vg;uypy; fye;Jiuahly; jpwe;j kdj;Jld; eilngw;wJ. mjd; gadhf 1921y; fl;lg;gltpUf;Fk;fpU\;zuhrrhfhpypUe;J jkpofj;jpw;F ePH tpdpNahfk; nra;tjw;F tiuT tpjpKiiwfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;ld.tiuT tpjpKiwfs; tptuk; : Nky;mizapy; ghrdf; fhyq;fspy; 1917-1920 Mz;Lfspy; fpilj;j ePHkl;ltptuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; tpjpKiwfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;ld. ,;e;j tpjpKiwfspd;gb> (1)Nky;mizapy;epHzapf;fg;gl;l ePHkl;lj;ij tpl mjhtJ ePHkl;l msitapy; 6.5 mbf;Fk; mjpfkhf ePHtuj;J ,Ue;jhy; mjidfpUzuhrrhfH ePhNjf;fj;jpy; Njf;fpf;nfhs;syhk;. (2) ,aw;ifahf fpilf;Fk; ePH Xl;lk; xusT tiu nrd;idkhepyj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gLk;. Fiwe;jJ ,t;tsT jhd; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w fl;lhak; ,y;iy. (3)Mw;wpy;ePNuhl;lk; Fiwe;jhy; mjid fpUzuhrrhfhpy; cs;s ePhpy; ,Ue;J xU fl;lj;jpy; ik#H murpd; jpthDk;> nrd;id khepy MSehpd;gpujpepjpfSk;> kw;Wk; ,Ujug;gpdhpd; caHkl;lg; nghwpahsHfSk; fye;Jiuahb ,Wjp xg;ge;jk; 1924y; Vw;gl;lJ.,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F „ik#H - nrd;id khepy ,Wjp xg;ge;jk; 1924“ vd;W ngaH. (efy; ,izg;G - II) 1924-Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;j tpjpKiwfs; : xg;ge;jj;jpd; tpjpKiwfspd; RUf;fk; gpd;tUkhW :1. ik#H muR fz;zk;ghb miziaf;fl;l nrd;id muR cldbahf xg;Gjy; mspf;Fk;. (,jd;gb xg;Gjy;mspf;fg;gl;lJ).2. ik#H muR fl;ltpUf;Fk; fpU\;zuhrrhfH mizapy; ,Ue;J> ePhg;gq;fPL tpjpKiwfspd;gb> nrd;idkhepyj;jpw;F ePH toq;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> fl;lg;gLk; fpU\;zuhrrhfH mizapd; fPo; gad;ngwtpUf;Fk; 125000Vf;fH gug;Gld; 1910f;F Kd; ,Ue;j fhy;tha; ghrdg;gug;gpy; %d;wpy; xU gq;F gug;Gf;F kpfhky; Gjpajhf ghrd‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 48 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

trjpfis nra;Jnfhs;s ml;ltiz 'A”y; cs;s cgejpfspy; nkhj;jk; 45b.vk;.rp. nfhs;sTf;F kpfhky; ghrdtrjp nra;J nfhs;syhk;. mt;thW fl;lg;gLk; ePH Njf;fq;fspy; tptuq;fis> ik#H muR nrd;id muRf;Fmspf;f Ntz;Lk;.3. nrd;id muR fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf Nkl;Lhpy; mizfl;b 93.500 b.vk;.rp. nfhs;ssTld; 301000 Vf;fUf;Fkpfhky; Gjpa ghrd trjp nra;J nfhs;syhk;.4. nrd;id muR> fhtphpapd; cgejpfspy; ePHNjf;fq;fs; fl;l Kw;gl;lhy;> mj;jifa ePHNjf;fq;fSf;F jw;NghJ cs;s ghrdg; gug;gpy; nra;ag;gLk;Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fshy; fpilf;Fk; ePh; Nrkpg;gpdhy; tphpthf;fg;gLk; ghrdg;gug;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ.6. ,e;j xg;ge;jk;> ik#h; muR> A ml;ltizapy; cs;s cgejpfisj; jtpu kw;w cgejpfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ.7. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij nray;gLj;Jtjpy;> ,Ujug;gpdhplNa VjhtJ rpf;fy; Vw;gl;lhy; mjid eLth; jPh;g;ghak;%yNkh my;yJ kj;jpa murpd; cjtpAlNdh jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.8. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; cs;s tpjpKiw tiuaiwfis> xg;ge;jk; ifnahg;gk; Mfpa ehspypUe;J (24.02.1924) 50Mz;LfSf;F gpwF> fpilj;j mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> kWMa;T nra;J> ,Ujug;gpdUk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;tifapy; khw;wp mikf;f eltbf;if vLf;fj; jilapy;iy.1924 Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; gad;,Ujug;gpdUk; jq;fs; jq;fs;; gFjpapy; ngUk; ghrdj; jpl;lq;fis cUthf;f ,ad;wJ.1. fz;zk;ghb miz : ,t;tizf;F mbf;fy; 1911y; ehl;lg;gl;l NghJk;. nrd;id murpd; Ml;Nrgizfhuzkhf Ntiyiaj; njhlu Kbatpy;iy. 1924 Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpw;F gpwF Ntiy njhlq;fg;gl;L 1931y;Kbf;fg;gl;L 123000 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;Gf;F ghrdk; mspf;f Kbe;jJ.2. Nkl;^h; Miz: ,t;tiz 1926y; njhlq;fg;gl;L 1934y; Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; gadhf nrd;id khepyj;jpy;3>01>000 Vf;fh; GQ;ir epyq;fSf;F ghrd trjp mspf;fg;gl;lJld; fhtphp fopKfg; gFjpapd; ghrdKk;nrk;ikg;;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. nts;sg;ngUf;Fk; ngUk; msT fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.3. ,e;jpa ehL Rje;jpuk; mile;j gpwF nray;gLj;jg;gl;l ghrdj;jpl;lq;fs;: (,dp ik#h; khepyk; fh;ehlfkhepyk; vd;Wk;> nrd;id khepyk; jkpo;ehL vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;).4. jkpo;ehl;by; Kjy; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fPo;gthdp miz 1958-y; fl;lg;gl;L 2>10>000 Vf;fh; epyq;fs; ghrdtrjpg; ngw;wd. Nkl;^h; Nky;kl;l fhy;tha; ntl;lg;gl;L (1958) 45>000 Vf;fh; epyq;fs; ghrd trjp ngw;wd.,uz;lhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gjpa fl;lisf; fhy;tha; jpl;lj;jpdhy; 20600 Vf;fh; epyKk; Gs;sk;ghbfhy;tha; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 1961y; 21000 Vf;fh; epyq;fSk; ghrd trjp ngw;wd. mkuhtjp miz 1959y; fl;lg;gl;L22000 Vf;fh; epyq;fs; ghrd trjp ngw;wd. GJf; fl;lisf; fhy;tha; jpl;lj;jpw;Fk;> Gs;sk;ghb fhy;tha;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk; fh;ehlf muR Ml;Nrgid njhptpj;j NghjpYk; ,uz;L jpl;lq;fSk; fhtphpapd; cghp ePiugad;gLj;jpAk;. ghrdg; gFjpfspy; Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;jpajpdhy; fpilf;Fk; Nrkpg;GePiug;gad;gLj;jpAk; nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;> ,jw;fhf fhtphp ePhpy; chpik nfhz;lhlhj tifapy; ePh;Nkyhz;ik rl;l jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;; vd;Wk; jkpof muR> fh;ehlf muRf;F njhptpj;J tpl;lJ.5. fHehlf khepyj;jpy; fgpdp miz 1975y; Kbf;fg;gl;L 440000 Vf;fh; epyj;jpw;Fk; N`khtjp miz 1978y;Kbf;fg;gl;L 7>01>000 Vf;fh; epyj;jpw;Fk; `huq;fp miz 1979y; Kbf;fg;gl;L 1>35>000 Vf;fh; epyj;jpw;Fk; Rth;ztjpmiz 1973y; Kbf;fg;gl;L 7>000 Vf;fh; epyj;jpw;Fk; Gjpajhf ghrd trjp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.6. fhtphp ePh; gpur;ridapd; njhlf;fKk; gpd;epfo;TfSk;1956y; fh;ehlf muR fgpdp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf xU mizf;fl;lj; jpl;lkpl;lJ. ,jd; nfhs;ssT rk;ke;jkhf ,Ukhepyq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; fUj;J NtWghL Vw;gl;L fbj Nghf;Ftuj;J epfo;e;jJ. muRfspd; Nky;kl;l mYtyHfs;kl;lj;jpy; gy fye;Jiuahly;fs; eilngw;wd. ,J njhlHghf 1968y; ,U khepy mikr;rh;fs; kl;lj;jpy; fye;Jiuahly;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 49 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ele;jJ. ,jpy; mg;NghJ jkpof Kjy;tH mwpQH mz;zh mtHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;jjhy;> jkpof nghJg;gzpj;jiwJiw mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j khz;GkpF.K.fUzhepjp mth;fSk;> fh;ehlf Kjy;mikr;rh; khz;GkpF.tPNue;jpg;ghl;by;mth;fSk; gq;Nfw;wdh;. kj;jpa ghrdj;Jiw mikr;rh; khz;GkpF. K.L.uht; jiyikNaw;whh;. ,jpy; R%f KbT VJk;Vw;gltpy;iy. 1970y; kl;Lk; ma;e;J fye;Jiuahly;fs;> mikr;rh;fs; kl;lj;jpy;> epfo;e;jd. ,tw;wpy; fgpdp mizNahL>N`khtjp mizf;fl;LtJ rk;ke;jkhfTk; tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ. KbT VJk; vl;lg;gltpy;iy. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; fh;ehlfmuR 1924Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb elj;J nfhs;s kWj;J tpl;lJ. fgpdp miz> N`khtjp miz NtiyfisAk;epWj;jp itf;f kWj;J tpl;lJ.jkpo;ehL> gpur;ridia jPHf;f> jPHg;ghak; mikf;ff; NfhUjy;: jkpo;ehL> gpur;ridia jPh;f;f> eLth;jPh;g;ghak; mikf;f kj;jpa murplk; NfhhpaJ. ,e;j Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;f kj;jpa muR kWj;J tpl;ljhy>; jkpofmuR 1971 Mf];by; gpur;ridia jPHf;f eLth; jPh;g;ghak; mikf;f> kj;jpa muRf;F MizapLk;gb> cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F njlHe;jJ. ,Nj Nfhhpf;iff;fhf Nfus muRk;> jkpof tptrhapfs; rq;fKk;> cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F njhLj;jdH. ,e;epiyapy; ,e;jpa gpujkh; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp mk;ikahh; mtHfspd; mwpTiug;gb%d;W Kjy; mikr;rh;fspilNa fye;Jiuahly; 1972 Nk khjk; ele;eJ. ,jpy; xusT RKf epiy Vw;gl;lJ.1. fhtphp cz;ik mwpAk; FO mikj;jy;: Nkw;$wpa $l;lj;jpd; KbTg;gb> gpur;ridapd; jhf;fj;ij mwpacz;ik mwpAk; FO mikf;fg;gl;lJ.2. fhtphp cz;ik mwpAk; Fotpd; mwpf;if: ,f;FO> Njitahd Gs;sp tptuq;fs; jpul;b 1972d; brk;gupy;jdJ mwpf;ifia mspj;jJ. 1973-Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jf;FO> NkYk; rpy tptuq;fs; mlq;fpa mwpf;ifiamspj;jJ.3. jkpof muR tof;if jpUk;gg; ngWjy;: ghujg; gpujkh; jpUkjp.,e;jpuhfhe;jp Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljw;fpzq;fjkpof muR> #d; 1972y; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; njhlHe;j tof;if> NjitapUe;jhy; kPz;Lk; tof;if njhlh;tJvd;w epge;jidAld;> jpUk;gg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.4. kPz;Lk; fye;Jiuahly; : tof;if jpUk;g ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd; 1975 tiu mikr;rHfs; kl;lj;jpy; gyfye;Jiuahly; $l;lq;fs; ele;jd. Mdhy; jPh;T vJTk; Vw;gltpy;iy.5. 1924 Mz;L xg;ge;jj;ij fh;ehlf muR kjpf;fhjJ : 1924k; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; tpjp XI gb xg;ge;jtpjpfs; IV Kjy; VIII Kba cs;s tiuaiwfspNyh nray; jpl;lj;jpNyh> fpilj;j mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;>khw;wk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhy;> xg;ge;jk; nray;ghl;Lf;F te;j ehspy; ,Ue;J 50 Mz;Lfs;Kbtile;jTld;> kWghprpyid nra;J ,Ujug;gpdUk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; khw;wk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;.Mdhy; fh;ehlf muR 1924Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jk; 18.2.1974y; fhyhtjp Mfptpl;lJ vd;Wk;> Mq;fpNya Mjpf;fmuRf;Fk; mbikg;gl;bUe;j ik#h; kd;dh; muRf;Fk; Vw;gl;l xg;ge;jj;ij jhq;fs; kjpf;fj; Njitapy;iyvd;Wk; jhq;fs; xg;ge;jg;gb elf;f Njitapy;iy> jq;fs; Njitf;F Nghf kPjKs;s cghp ePiuj;jhd;jkpofj;jpw;F nfhLf;f ,aYk; vd;w jtwhd epiyg;ghl;il vLj;jdh;. ,jd; tpisthf jkpof ghrdj;jpw;Fchpafhyj;jpy; ePh; fpilf;ftpy;iy.6. kj;jpa murpd; ePh;g;gq;fPL fUj;JUf;fs;: ,jw;fpilapy; kj;jpa muR 1974y; xU fUj;JU mspj;jJ. mjpy;rpy jpUj;jq;fSld; 1976y; kw;WnkhU fUj;JU mspj;jJ> mitfspd; gb> jkpofk; jdJ gad;ghl;L ePiu 489b.vk;.rp.apypUe;J 100 b.vk;rp;Ak; fh;ehlfk; jdJ gad;gl;L msthfpa 171 b.vk;rpapypUe;J 25 b.vk.rpAk;nkhj;jk; 125 b.vk;.rpia Nrkpj;J mjpy; jkpofj;jpw;F 4 b.vk;rpAk;> fh;ehlfj;jpw;F 87 b.vk;rpAk;> Nfusj;jpw;F34 b.vk;rpAk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ,jd;gb jkpofj;jpw;F 393 b.vk;rpAk;> fh;ehlfj;jpw;F 239 b.vk;.rp.Ak;>NfushTf;F 39 b.vk;.rp.Ak;> ePh;g; gq;fPL fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; epHzapj;jJ. NkYk;> gw;whf;Fiw Mz;Lfspy; xUFO mikj;J mt;thWfspy; fpilf;Fk; ePhpd; msit eph;zapj;J> mjid grdg;gug;G mbg;gilapy; gq;fPLnra;ayhk;> cghp ePhpd; msit epHzapj;J> mjidg; gad;gLj;j toptif fhzyhk;.7. kj;jpa murpd; ,U fUj;JUf;fisAk; jkpofk; epuhfhpj;jy;: 1978-k; Mz;L Kjyikr;rHfSf;fpilNaele;j fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ jkpof Kjyikr;rH khz;GkpF vk;.[p.MH. mtHfs; ,e;j fUj;JUf;fis Vw;fkWj;jJld; 1924-k; Mz;L xg;ejj;ijNa filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tw;GWj;jpdhH. fhtphp gLifNkyhz;ik Mizak; mikj;J mjd;%yk; fhtphp ePH gq;fPl;bid Nkyhz;ik nra;ayhk; vd;Wk; fUj;Jiumspf;fg;gl;lJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 50 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

8. ,e;j tiuT fUj;JUf;fSf;F fHehlfj;jpYk; vjpHg;G: ,e;j fUj;JUf;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s fh;ehlfmuRk; kWj;J tpl;lJ. NkYk;> jkpofg; gFjpapy; nghopAk; kio ePh; flYf;F nrd;W tPzhtjhfTk;> mjidfzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; thjpl;lJ.9. fHehlfj;jpd; 1981-k; Mz;L tiuT jpl;lk;: ,jd;gb jkpo;ehl;by; fhtphp fopKfg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;JtPzhFk; kio ePhpd; xU gFjpAk; Nrh;j;J nkhj;jk; gad;gLk; ePhpd; msT 880 b.vk;.rp.Ak;> vd;W fzf;fpl;L>jq;fSf;F 414 b.vk;.rp.Ak;> jkpofj;jpw;F 414 b.vk;.rp.Ak;> Nfusj;Jf;F 43 b.vk;.rp.Ak;> ghz;br;Nrhpf;F 9b.vk;.rp.Ak;> vd;w mstpy; gq;fPL nra;a Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. mjd; tpfpjk; 47:47:5:110. jkpo;ehl;bd; 1981-k; Mz;L tiuT jpl;lk;: Mdhy; jkpo;ehL NtW tpjkhf gpur;ridia mZfpaJ.mjhtJ> fhtphp cz;ik epiy mwpAk; Fotpd; mwpf;ifg;gb 50% ek;gfj; jd;ikapy; fhtphpapy; fpilf;Fk;ePhpd; msT 740 b.vk;.rp. jhd; vd;Wk; Mdhy; Mz;bd; rhurhp gad;ghl;L msT 748 b.vk;.rp. MFk; vd;Wk;>MfNt NkYk; ePiu Nrkpf;f ,ayhJ vd;Wk;> 1924Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jg;gbNa ePh;g; gq;fPL ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;vd;Wk; thjpl;lJ.1983-1988 Mz;Lfs; fhyfl;lj;jpy; gy fye;Jiuahly;fs; ele;jNghJk; gpur;ridf;F ve;jj; jPHTk;vl;lg;gltpy;iy11. jQ;ir tptrhapfs; rq;f tof;F: ,jdpilNa> 1986 etk;ghpy; jQ;ir tptrhapfs; rq;fk;;cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; eLth; jPh;g;ghak; mikf;f kj;jpa muRf;F Mizaplf;;Nfhhp> tof;F njhLj;jJ. ,e;jtof;fpy;> jkpof muR jd;idAk; xU thjpahf ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.12. kPz;Lk; fye;Jiuahly; nra;a kj;jpa muR NfhUjy;. 1987y; kPz;Lk; Kjy; mikr;rh;fspilNafye;Jiuahly; $l;lk; elj;j kj;jpa muR mwpTWj;jpaJ. ,jdhy; gad; VJk; tpisahJ vdf; $wp jkpofKjy;th; khz;GkpF.vk;.[p.Mh; mtHfs; gq;Nfw;f kWj;J tpl;lhh;.13. cr;rePjpkd;w tprhuiz: jQ;ir tptrhapfs; njhlh;e;j tof;F cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; gpg;uthp 1990y;tprhuizf;F te;jJ. mg;NghJ> cr;rePjpkd;wk; tof;if KOikahf tprhhpg;gjw;F Kd;> kPz;Lk;Kjyikr;rh;fs; kl;lj;jpy; fye;Jiuahly; nra;J gpur;ridia jPh;f;f Kayyhk; vd mwpTWj;jpaJ.14. cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpTiug;gb fye;Jiuahly; $l;lk; 1990Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 19Mk; Njjp jkpof Kjy;mikr;rh; khz;GkpF.K.fUzhejp mth;fSk;> fh;ehlf Kjy; mikr;rh; khz;GkpF.tPNue;jpu ghl;by; mtHfSk;nrd;idapy; ele;j fye;Jiuahly; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;. Mdhy; ,f;$l;lj;jpYk; KbT VJk;vl;lg;gltpy;iy.,jpy; mjpraj;jf;f nra;jp vd;dntd;why; 1968y; ele;j Kjy; $l;lj;jpYk; 1990y; ele;j filrp$l;lj;jpYk; khz;GkpF.K.fUzhepjp mtHfSk; khz;GkpF.tPNue;jpu ghl;by; mtHfSk; fye;Jnfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gNj.1990-k; Mz;L tiu ele;j fye;Jiuahly; $l;lq;fspy; tptuk;: ,Jtiu nkj;jk; 26 fye;Jiuahly;$l;lq;fs; ele;jd. ,tw;wpy; 21 $l;lq;fspy; ,U khepy Kjyikr;rHfSk;> kj;jpa murpd; ePHg;ghrdj;Jiwmikr;rUk; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. 5 $l;lq;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy Kjyikr;rh;fs; kl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; ele;jd,f;$l;lq;fspy;> gpur;ridia jPHf;f Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kd;Ndw;wk VJk; Vw;gltpy;iy.cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;G : jQ;ir tptrhapfSk; kw;Wk; jkpof muRk; njhLj;j tof;if cr;rePjpkd;wk; 1990Mk;Mz;L Vg;uy; 24Mk; Njjp md;W tprhhpj;jJ. jdJ jPh;g;gpy; gpur;ridia jPh;f;f eLth; jPh;g;ghak; mikf;f kj;jpamuRf;F Mizapl;lJ.eLtH; jPh;g;ghak; mikj;jYk; mjd; nray;ghLfSk;> ,ilf;fhy epthuz jPHg;Gk;:cr;rePjpkd;w jPh;g;gpd; gb> kj;jpa muR 1990Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjk; 2e; Njjp md;W ISWD 1956 rl;l tpjp-4d;gb>ePjpaurh; rpl;lNjh\; KfH[p mtHfs; jiyikapy; ePjpgjpfs; v];.b.mfHthy;> jpUrhfH vd;.vd;.uht; Mfpa ,UcWg;gpdHfisff; nfhz;L fhtphp ePh;g; gq;fPL eLth; jPh;g;ghak; mikj;jJ. jPh;ghaj;jpy; tof;if tprhhpf;f> kj;jpamuRf;F vOjpa jkpof murpd; 6.7.1986-Mk; Njjpapl;l mjpfhug+h;t fbjj;ij %ykhf nfhs;s kj;jpa muRNfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. (jkpof murpd; fbjj;jpd; Kf;fpa gFjpapd; efy;> Mq;fpyj;jpy;> ,izg;G Mf,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ).‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 51 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fhtphp ejp ePh;g; gpur;rid eLth; jPhg;ghaj;jpd; tprhuiz njhlf;fKk;> ,ilf;fhy epthuz Nfhhpf;ifAk;1990 Mk; Mz;L [{iy 28 Mk; Njjp jPh;g;ghak; jdJ Kjy; mkh;it njhlq;fpaJ. mg;NghJ> jkpof murpd;rhh;ghf xU tpz;zg;gk; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; fPo;f;fhZk; Nfhhpf;iffSf;F ,ilf;fhy epthuzk; mspf;ff;Nfhug;gl;lJ.1. ve;j khepyKk; 1972 Nk khjk; filgpbj;j msit tpl jq;fs; ePh;j; Njf;fq;fspy; mjpfkhf ePiuj;Njf;ff;$lhJ.2. ve;j khepyKk; Gjpa ePh;Njf;fNkh mizNah fl;lf; $lhJ. Gjpa ghrdj;jpl;lq;fisr; nray;gLj;jf;$lhJ.3. cldbahf> nly;lh gFjpapy; thLk; new;gapiuf; fhg;ghw;w fh;ehlf muR jdJ eph;j;Njf;fq;fspypUe;J20b.vk;.rp. ePiu> thLk; FWit new;gapiuf; fhf;f> jkpo;ehl;Lf;F jpwe;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. ghz;br;NrhpmuRk; ,j;jifa Nfhhpf;iffis jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd; itj;jJ.,ilf;fhy epthuz Nfhhpf;if epuhfhpg;G : jq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l topKiwfspy;> ,ilf;fhy epthuzk;mspf;f toptifapy;iy vdf;$wp jkpof Nfhhpf;iffis jPh;g;ghak; epuhfhpj;J tpl;lJ.cr;rePjp kd;wj;jpy; Nky; KiwaPL: ,j;jPh;g;ig vjph;j;J ,uz;L muRfSk; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; Nky;KiwaPLnra;jd. Nky; KiwaPl;il Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cr;r ePjpkd;wk; tprhuizf;F gpwF ,ilf;fhy epthuzk; mspf;feLtH jPHg;ghaj;Jf;F Mizapl;lJ.eLth; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; ,ilf;fhy epthuz Miz: cr;r ePjpkd;w Mizg;gb> eLth; jPhg;ghak;;> chpaMtzq;fisAk;> fbjq;fisAk;> Ma;T nra;Jk;> ,Ujug;G thjq;fis Nfl;Lk;> ,ilf;fhy epthuz jPh;g;ig25.06.1991 md;W toq;fpaJ. mjd;gb(1) fh;ehlf muR jdJ ePh; Njq;fspypUe;J jkpofj;jpw;F xt;nthU Mz;Lk; [{d; 1Mk; NjjpapypUe;JmLj;j Mz;L Nk 31 Mk; Njjp tiu Nkl;LH mizapy; te;J NrUk;gb nkhj;jk; 205 b.vk;.rp ePHtoq;f Ntz;Lk;.(2) ,jid khjthhpahfTk;> thu mbg;gilapYk; toq;f ml;ltiz ,l;L nfhLf;fg; gl;lJ.(3) ghrdg;gug;ig fHehlf muR 11.20 ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F Nky;> ,Wjpj; jPHg;G tUk;tiu mjpfhpf;ff;$lhJ.(4) ,e;j ,ilf;fhy Miz ,Wjp jPHg;G tUk; tiu nray;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;.(epthuzMizapd; efy;,izg;G-IV),ilf;fhy jPh;g;gpw;F fh;ehlfj;jpy; vjph;g;G: ,ilf; fhyj;jPHg;ig Vw;f kWj;j fh;ehlf muR> jdJ ,uz;L rl;lmitfspYk; 06.07.1992 md;W jPhg;ig Vw;f kWj;J jPh;khdk; ,aw;wpaJ. mj;jPHkhdj;jpy; kj;jpa muR Njrpa ePh;Nkyhz;ik nfhs;ifia ,Wjp nra;J gpufldg;gLj;Jk; tiu> eLth; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; nray;ghl;ilepWj;jpitf;Fk;gb fh;ehlf muR kj;jpa muir Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lJ. NkYk;> ,ilfhy cj;juit nray;gLj;jKbahj tifapy; 25.07.1991 md;W> jd;dpr;irahf> fh;ehlf fhtphp gLifapd; ghrdg; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; vd;wmtru rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wp gpufldk; nra;jJ.fHehlf murpd; mtru rl;lg; gpufldj;jpd; kPJ kj;jpa murpd; Nky;eltbf;ifAk;> cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd;jPHg;Gk; : fh;ehlf murpd; fhtphp ghrd ghJfhg;G mtru rl;l gpufldj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; gpd;tpisTfis czh;e;jkj;jpa muR> 27.07.1991 md;W FbauR jiythpd; %yk; cr;rePjp kd;wj;jpd; fUj;ij Nfl;lJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wKk;>22.11.1991 md;W fh;ehlf murpd; nray;ghL jtwhdJ vd;Wk;> ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;Gf;F vjpuhdhJ vd;Wk;jPh;g;gspj;jJ. (,j;jPh;g;gpd; rpy gFjpfs; 7 gpd;dpizg;gpy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.)fHehlf muR> ,ilf;fhyj; jPHg;gpd; kPJ tpsf;fk; Nfl;L tpz;zg;gpj;jy;: ,jw;F ,ilapy; 25.11.1991-y;fHehlf muR jPHg;ghaj;jplk; fPo;f;fhZk; tpsf;fq;fisf; Nfl;L tpz;zg;gpj;jJ.(1) Nkl;LH mizapy; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba 205 b.vk;.rp ePH> Nkl;LH mizf;F Nky; jkpof ePh;gpbg;Gg; gFjpapy;fpilf;Fk; ePH ngUf;F 25 b.vk;.rp ePiuAk; NrHj;Jj;jhd; vd;Wk; MfNt gpy;ypf;$z;Ltpy; fHehlfk; 180b.vk;.rp ePH nfhLj;jhy; NghJk;. MfNt mjw;Nfw;g khjthhp ePH toq;Fk; gl;baypy; khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 52 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

(2) ,Wjpj; jPHg;G tUk; tiu> jq;fs; gFjpapy; jw;NghJ cs;s 11.2 ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F Nky; mjpfhpf;ff; $lhJvd;w Mizia ,uj;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;.(3) ,Wjp jPHg;G tUk; tiu> ,ilf;fhy jPHg;G eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w Mizia jq;fs; gFjpapy; kio ePHngUf;F FiwAk; Mz;L jq;fshy; eilKiwgLj;j ,ayhJ. MfNt mjw;Nfw;g ,e;j Mizapy; khw;wk;nra;a Ntz;Lk;.,ilf;fhyj; jPHg;ig kj;jpa muR nra;jp ,jpopy; ntspaply; : jkpof murpd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W> kj;jpamuR 11.12.1991y; murpd; eLth; jPh;g;gpd; ,ilf;fhy jPh;g;ig muR nra;jp ,jopy; ntspapl;lJ.kj;jpa murpd; ,e;j nraYf;F fHehlfj;jpy; gyj;j vjpHg;G : fHehlfj;jpy; jkpoHfs; thOk; gFjpapy;fytuq;fs; epfo;e;jd. jkpoHfspd; capUf;Fk; clikf;Fk; ghJfhg;G ,y;yhj epiy Vw;gl;lJ. RkhH 10000 jkpoHfs;jq;fs; ehl;bNyNa mfjpfshf Gyk; ngau Ntz;ba mty epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,jd; njhlHr;rpahf jkpofj;jpy;$lY}H gFjpapy; vjpHg;Gk; rpwpa mstpy; fytuKk; Vw;gl;lJ cz;ikNa.,dp tUk; tprhuiz mkHTfspy; Nfl;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fspd; gl;bay;: ,dp tUk; gpur;ridapy;rk;ge;jg;gl;l rhH;G jug;gphptpdhplk; ,Ue;J mtutH Nfhhpf;iff;fhd tptuq;fis vOj;J %yKk;. mwpf;iffs;%yKk; mtw;Wf;fhd kWg;G mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Jiz mwpf;iffs; Mtzq;fs;> Mjhuq;fis ngw;w gpd;tprhuiz mkHtpd; NghJ Nfl;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fsp;d; gl;bay; 07.01.1992 md;W ele;j mkHtpd;NghJ ,Wjpnra;ag;gl;lJ. mg;gl;baypy; 50 tpdhf;fs; cs;sd. ,e;j 50 tpdhf;fisAk; 3 jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; mjhtJ (1) 1892>1924 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Nghlg;gl;l xg;ge;jq;fs; (2) fhtphp gLifapy; ngUf;nfLf;Fk; ePhpd; msT (3) 4jug;gpdHfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ePH gq;fPL nra;jy; vd;w jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; 3 njhFg;Gfshf gphpf;fg;gl;L mitfspd;mbg;gilapy; tprhuiz njhlHejJ. fHehlfj;jpd; tpsf;f tpz;zg;gj;jpy; cs;s Nfhhpf;iffis epuhfhpj;jy;: fHehlf murpd;tpz;zg;gj;jpid ghprPypj;Jk;> ,U jug;G tof;FiwQ;QHfspd; thjq;fisf; Nfl;Lk; 03.04.1992 md;WfPo;f;fzlthW tpsf;fkspj;J fHehlfhtpd; Nfhhpf;iffis jPHg;ghak; epuhfhpj;jJ. (1) 1980-81 Kjy; 1990 Kbacs;s gj;J Mz;Lfspy; ,uz;L kpf ey;y Mz;LfisAk; ,uz;L Nkhrkhd Mz;LfisAk; jtpHj;J kw;w MWMz;Lfspd; ruhrhpahf 227 b.vk.rp. ePH Nkl;^H mizf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkl;^H mizf;F Nky; fHehlfvy;iyf;Ff; fPo; jkpofg; gFjpapy; fpilf;Fk; ePhpd; msT 25b.vk;.rp. Mf nkhj;jk; Mz;L xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahfNkl;LH mizf;F 252 b.vk;.rp ePH tuj;J te;Js;sJ. MfNt Mz;L xd;Wf;F 205 b.vk;.rp. ePH Nkl;LH mizf;FnfhLg;gjpy; rpukk; VJk; ,Uf;fhJ. MfNt khjthhp ePh toq;Fk; gl;baypy; khw;wk; VJk; Njitapy;iy. (2)fHehlfj;jpd; ghrdg;gug;ig 11.20 yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F Nky; mjpfhpf;ff; $lhJ vd;w Miz ,Wjp jPHg;Gtoq;Fk;NghJ ePH gq;fPL nra;tjpy; rpf;fy; VJk; Vw;glf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfNt jhd; (3) ,Wjp jPHg;G tUk; tiu,e;j ,ilf;fhy jPHg;G eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w Miz nghJthd Mizjhd;. Mdhy; ePH ngUf;F FiwAk;Mz;Lfspy; ePH gq;fPl;il ghrd gug;G tpfpjhr;rhugb Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd; tpsf;fj; jPHg;Gf;F gp;d; ,U khepyq;fspd; epiyghL: (1) jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tHnry;tp.n[ayypjh 07.04.1992 md;W jkpof rl;lg; Nguitapy; eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jPHg;G rl;lj;jpw;F epahaj;jpw;Fk;fpilj;j ntw;wp kl;Lky;y> jHkj;jpw;F fpilj;j ntw;wp vd;W $wp kfpo;r;rp mile;jhH. (2) fHehlf khepyj;jpNyhvjpHf;fl;rpfs; midj;Jk; xd;W NrHe;J eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jPHg;G xU jiygl;rkhdJ> jkpofj;jpw;F MjuthdJ>fHehlfjjpw;F ghjfkhdJ NeHikaw;wJ> nray;gLj;J KbahJ vd;W td;ikahf fz;bj;jdH. NkYk; mtHfs;jPHg;ghaj;jpd; ,dp tUk; tprhuiz mkHTfspy; fHehlf muR gq;Nfw;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; tw;GWj;jpdhHfs;. NkYk;fhtphp gLifiar; NrHe;j fHehlf rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdHfSk;> ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfSk;> mikr;rHfSk;vjpHfl;rpfspd; epiyg;ghl;il Mjhpj;jdH. fHehlfj;jpd; Kd;dhs; Kjyikr;rHf;s ep[ypq;fg;gh> [hl;b>uhkfpU\;z n`f;Nl> Fz;Luht;> Mfpa ehy;tUk; jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jPu;g;ig> Njrpa ePH nfhs;ifia kj;jpa muR ,Wjpnra;J ntspapLk; tiu mky;gLj;jhky; epWj;jp itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tw;GWj;jpdH.,e;epiyay; ,aw;ifapd; nfhil : 1991-92> 92-93> 93-94 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; fhtphpg; gLifapy; njd;Nkw;F>tlfpof;F gUtkiofhyq;fspy; ey;y kio nghopT ,Ue;jjhy; MWfspy; ePHngUf;F ed;whf ,Ue;jJ. ePHNjf;fq;fs; epuk;gp tope;jd. njhlHe;J ,e;j %d;W Mz;LfspYk; Nkl;^H miz ghrdj;jpw;F [{d; khjk; 12-k;NjjpapNyNa jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;; fHehlf muR jPHg;ghaj;jpd; ,ilf;fhy jPHg;ig nray;gLj;jrk;gpujhakhf kWf;fTk; ,y;iy> jkpof muR> jPHg;ig nray;gLj;j fHehlf muir tw;GWj;jTk; ,y;iy. kj;jpamuRk; uh[je;jpukhf jPHg;ig nray;gLj;JtJ rk;ge;jkhf nksdk; fhj;jJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 53 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

gpur;ridia ed;F mwpe;j muR rhuh mwpQH ngUkf;fSk; cotH ngUkf;fSk; ,ize;Jnray;gLjy;: ,jw;fpilapy; ,uz;L khepyj;jpYk; cs;s> gpur;ridfis ed;F mwpe;j mwpQH ngUkf;fs;xUq;fpize;J 14.02.1992 md;W ,e;jpag; gpujkUf;Fk; ,uz;L khepy Kjyikr;rHfSf;Fk; Nfhhpf;if kDitf;nfhLj;jdH. mjpy;> ,k;%tUk; jpwe;j kdj;Jld; ghugl;rkw;w Kiwapy;> re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpy;yhky; gpur;ridiamZfp ,Ujug;gpdHfSf;fpilNa cs;s frg;GzHit ePf;fp xU R%f Kbit vLf;f N;tz;Lk; vd;W NfhhpdH.Gfo;ngw;w ePjpaurH tp.MH.fpU\;z ma;aH jiyikapy; $l;lk;: ,U khepy tptrhapfspd; gpujpepjpfSk;gpur;ridia ed;F mwpe;j mwpQH ngUkf;fSk; Xa;T ngw;w caH mjpfhhpfSk; xd;W $b 28.03.1992 md;Wngq;fShpy; ePjpaurH tp.MH.fpU\;z ma;aH mtHfspd; jiyikapy; xU khngUk; $l;lk; elj;jpdH. mjpy;Ke;ija gj;jpapy; $wpa Fbkf;fspd; xUq;fpize;j kDtpy; $wpa Nfhhpf;ifia cs;slf;fpa jPu;khdk; xd;iwepiwNtw;wp kj;jpa muRf;F mDg;gpitj;jdH.,ilf;fhy epthuz Mizf;F gpd; eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;:jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jiytH ePjpaurH rpl;lNjh\; Kf;fH[p gjtp tpyfy; : ePjpaurh; [{d; 1996-y; jPHg;ghaj;jpd;jiytH ePjpaurH rpl;lNjh\; Kf;fH[p mtHfs; nrhe;j fhuzq;fSf;fhf gjtp tpyfpdhH. ,tUf;F gjpyhf ISWD1956-k; rlltpjpfspd;gb ePjpaurH vd;.gp.rpq; jPHg;ghaj;jpd; jiytuhf 11.12.1996-y; epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.ePjpaurH N.P.rpq; jiyikapy; tprhuiz njhlHjy; : ,tH jiyikapy; tprhuiz njhlHe;jJ. 2002 etk;gHtiu ele;j mkHTfspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ehd;F jug;gpduplKk; mtutH je;j Mtzq;fisAk; Mjhuq;fiisAk;mspj;j gpd; Kjy; njhFg;G kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G tpdhf;fSf;F gjpy;fSk; mjd; kPjhd thjgpujpthjq;fSk;Nfl;L Kbf;fg;gl;ld. JujpH\;ltrkhf jPHg;ghaj;jpd; mq;fj;jpdH ePjpaurH N.P.mfHthy; mtHfs; 26.11.2002y;kuzkile;jhH. mtUf;F gjpyhf ISWD 1956-d; tpjpfspd;gb ePjpaurH RjpH ehuhazd; mfHthy; mtHfs;jPHg;ghaj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf 07.01.2003-y; epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.eLtH jPHg;ghaj; jiytH gjtp tpyfpajhYk;. cWg;gpdH xUtH kuzkile;jjhYk; tprhuizapy; gpd;dilTVw;gl;lJ. mjdhy; ehd;F jug;gpdUk; jq;fs; jq;fs; Nfhhpf;iffisAk; Mjhuq;fisAk; %d;W KiwjPHg;ghaj;jpd; Kd; vLj;Jiuf;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ePjpaurH N.P.mfHthy; mtHfspd; kuzj;jpw;F gpd;ePjpaurH RjpH ehuhazd; mfHthy; mtHfs; gjtpNaw;wTld; ele;j mkHTfspy; njhFg;G-1 kw;Wk; njhFg;G-2Mfpaitfspd; tpdhf;fSf;F kPz;Lk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdHfspd; gjpiyAk; thjg;gpujpthjq;fisAk; kPz;Lk;Nfl;f N;tz;ba epHge;jk; Vw;gl;L fhyjhkjk; Vw;gl;lJ.eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpd ,ilf;fhy epthuz cj;juitAk; mjidr; rhHe;j kw;w cj;juTfisAk;eilKiwg;gLj;j kj;jpa murpd; nray;jpl;lk; : eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpy; 25.06.1991 md;W nfhLf;fg;gl;l,ilf;fhy cj;juit kj;jpa muR jdJ nra;jp ,jopy; 11.12.1991 md;W ntspapl;lJ. MfNt rk;ge;jg;gl;l ehd;Fjug;gpdUk; ,e;j ,ilf;fhy jPHgGf;F fl;Lg;gl;ltHfs; MthHfs;. vdNt ,ilf;fhy epthuz jpl;lj;ijAk;eilKiwg;gLj;j kj;jpa muR xU nray;jpl;lj;ij fhtphp ePH gpur;rid (eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jp;d; 1991-k; Mz;bd;cj;jpuitAk; mjidr; rhHe;j kw;w cj;juTfisAk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;) nray; jpl;lk; vd;w ngahpy; xUjpl;lj;jpid 11.08.1998 md;W ntspapl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jp;d;gb (1) fhtphp ePH Mizak; (Cauveri Water Authority)(2) fz;fhzpg;Gf; FO (Monitoring Committee) Mfpa ,uz;L mikg;Gfs; epWtg;gl;ld.fhtphp ePH Mizaj;jpy; nraw;gLgtHfs;1. ,e;jpag; gpujkH - jiytH2. fHehlf Kjy;tH - cWg;gpdH3. jkpo;ehL Kjy;tH - cWg;gpdH4. Nfus khepy Kjy;tH - cWg;gpdH5. ghz;br;Nrhp khepy Kjy;tH - cWg;gpdH6. kj;jpa ePHtsj;Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; nrayhsH - nrayH‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 54 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Mizaj;jpd; mjpfhuKk; flikAk; : eLtH jPHg;ghaj;jpdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,ilf;fhy MiziaAk;>mjidr; rhHe;j kw;w MizfisAk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;. Mizaj;jpd; nray;ghLfSf;fhdrl;ljpl;lq;fisAk; tpjpKiwfisAk; epHzapj;jy; (3) jdJ Njitf;Nfw;g mt;tg;NghJ Mzaj;jpd; mkHitf;$l;Ljy;.fz;fhzpg;Gf; Fotpy; nray;gLgtHfs;:(1) kj;jpa murpd; ePHtsj;Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; nrayhsH> jiytH(2) ehd;F khepy jiyikr; nrayhsHfs; cWg;gpdHfs;(3) kj;jpa ePHts Mizaj;jpd; jiytH cWg;gpdH(4) ehd;F khepyq;fspy; gzpGhpAk; jiyikg;nghwpahsHfspy;; khepyj;jpw;F xUtuhf epakpj;jy;cWg;gpdHfs;(5) kj;jpa ePHts Mizaj;jpd; jiyikg; nghwpahsH nrayhsHfz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpdhpd; nghWg;Gk; flikfSk; :(1) Mizaj;jpd; ghprPyidapy; cs;s gpur;ridfspd; kPJ KbntLf;f cjTjy;(2) fhtphpg;gLifapd; nra;jpfisAk; Gs;sptptuq;fisAk; Nrfhpg;gjpy; Mizaj;jpw;F cjTjy;(3) Mizaj;jpd; KbTfisAk; MiziaAk; nray;gLj;j cjTjy;. NkYk; mitfis nray;gLj;Jtjpy;Vw;gLk; ,lHghLfis mt;tg;NghJ Mizaj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUjy;;(4) fhtphpg;gLifapy; kior;rhHe;j ikaq;fspy; ,yf;Ffis tbtikj;jy; Gs;sp tptuq;fis mt;tg;NghJ mDg;getPd njhiyj; njhlHg;G mikg;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy;. fzpdp rhHe;j fz;fhzpg;G miwia mikj;jy;mt;tg;NghJ epyTk; ePhpay; jd;ikia jPHkhdpf;f Mizaj;jpw;F cjTjy;.fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpd; mkHTfs; gw;wpa tpjpKiw : fz;fhzpg;Gf; FO %d;W khjq;fSf;F xU KiwAk;>NjitapUg;gpd; mt;tg;NghJk; jq;fs; mkHit $l;l Ntz;Lk;.Mizaj;jpd; jiyikafk; GJjpy;ypapypUf;Fk;: fz;fhzpg;G FOtpd; jiyikafKk; GJjpy;ypapy; jhd;,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ijg;gw;wpa tptuk; nray; jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. eLtu; jPh;ghaj;jpd; ,Wjp jPh;g;G : eLth; jPh;g;ghak; chpa Mtzq;fisAk;> fbfhuq;fisAk; Ma;T nra;Jk; ,Ujug;G thjq;fisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ,Wjpj; jPh;g;gpid 05.02.2007 md;W toq;fpaJ. mjd;gb 1) fhtphptbepyq;fs; cs;s ePhpd; ,Ug;G 740 bvk;rp vd;W nfhz;L fhtphp ePhpid Nfus khepyj;jpw;F 30 bvk;rp fh;ehlfhkhepyj;jpw;F 270 bvk;rp> jkpo;ehL khepyj;jpw;F 419 bvk;rp GJr;Nrhp khepyj;jpw;F 7 bvk;rpAk; Mf gq;fPL nra;jJ.2) fh;ehlfh khepyk; 192 bvk;rp fhtphp ePhpid [{d; Kjy; Nk tiu khj thhpahf tpLtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3) ePh;gfph;tpid fz;fhzpf;f fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpak; kw;Wk; fhtphp ePh;gfph;khd FO mikf;fTk; tif nra;jJ.eLth; jPh;g;gha ,Wjpj;jPh;g;gpid murpjopy; ntspapLjy; : jkpof murpd; Nfhhpf;if kw;Wk; cr;rePjpkd;wmwpTWj;jypd; Nghpy; kj;jpa muR 19.09.2013y; muR nra;jp ,jopy; ntspapl;lJ.kj;jpamuR nra;jp ,jopy; ntspapl;ljidj; njhlh;e;J jkpofmuR> fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpak; kw;Wk; fhtphp ePh;xOq;F Kiw FO mikf;fTk; kj;jpa murpidj; njhlh;e;J typAWj;jp tUfpwJ.Nkw;fz;l FOf;fis mikf;f jkpof muR cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F njhlh;e;Js;sJ.10.05.2013 md;W cr;rePjpkd;wk; ,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf xU Nkw;ghh;itf; FO fhtphp ePu;g;gq;fPl;ilf; fz;fhzpf;fmuR nrayh;> kj;jpa ePh;ts mikr;rfk; mtu;fisj; jiytuhf nfhz;L mikf;f cj;jputpl;lJ.,e;j ve;jtpj mjpfhuKk; toq;fg;glhj fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf; FO Gjjpy;ypapy; 01-06-13 ,Yk; 12-06-13 ,Yk;$b ve;j KbTk; vLf;fhky; fiye;jJ. #iy 2013 thf;fpy; kPz;Lk; ,f;FO $Lk; vd;W njhptpf;fg;gl;lhYk;fhtphp eLth; kd;w ,Wjpj; jPh;g;gpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpaj;ijAk; fhtphp ePh; xOq;F KiwFOtpidAk; cld; mikj;jpl Ntz;Lnkd;W jkpof muR cr;rePjpkd;wj;ij ehbAs;sJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 55 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

iey;ejp ePh;g;gfph;T ey;y vLj;Jf;fhl;L 1924Mk; Mz;L nra;ag;gl;l fhtphp xg;ge;jk; cyf mDgtq;fisf; fzf;fpnyLj;Nj nra;ag;gl;lJ.fhtphpr; rpf;fy; Ngrg;gl;L xg;ge;jk; Nghlg;gl;l mNj fhyj;jpy;> iey; Mw;W ePh; chpikr; rpf;fy;vfpg;Jf;Fk; #lhDf;Fk; ,ilNa Ngrg;gl;L cld;ghL fhzg;gl;lJ. iey;ejp Mw;wpd; ed;nfhil vd;W vfpg;ijr; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; ieypd; fPo;g;gLif ehlhdvfpg;jpy; xU Jiz MW (Tributory) $l ieYf;Ff; fpilahJ. mJ cw;gj;jpahFk; #lhd;>vj;jpNahg;gpah ehLfspy;jhd; mjw;Fj; Jiz MWfs; cz;L. gphpj;jhdpaf; fhydpahf vfpg;J ,Ue;jJ NghyNt> #lhdpd; xU gFjpAk; mjd; fhydpahf ,Ue;jJ.,d;ndhU gFjp ,j;jhypaf; fhydpahf ,Ue;jJ. iey;ePh;g;gfph;T njhlh;ghf vfpg;Jf;Fk; #lhDf;Fk; rpf;fy; te;j NghJ 1914> 1919> 1925> 1929 MfpaMz;Lfspy; Ma;Tf; FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; ele;jd. ,Wjpapy; 1929,y; xg;ge;jk;Vw;gl;lJ.fPo;g;gLif ehlhd vfpg;Jf;Fj; jz;zPh; fpilg;gjw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;lJ. vfpg;Jf;F tUk; ePhpd;msT Fiwaf; $ba tifapNyh my;yJ tof;fkhd gUtkiof;fhyj;jpy; tuNtz;ba jz;zPh; fhyk;khwp tUk; tifapNyh> #lhd; ieypy; mizfs; fl;lf;$lhJ vd;gJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; rhuk;. #lhd; tpLjiy ngw;w gpwF 1955,y; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; Fwpj;J. vjph;g;Gf; fpsg;gpdhYk; iey; Mw;wpy;vfpg;Jf;Fs;s chpikia kWf;fhky; mq;fPfhpj;jJ. fh;ehlfNkh> 1924 xg;ge;jj;ijj; jd;dpr;irahff; iftpl;lJld;> xU nrhl;Lj; jz;zPh; $lj;jkpo;ehl;bw;Fj; ju KbahJ vd;W %h;f;fj;jdkhfr; nray;gLfpwJ.fh;ehlfk; filg;gpbf;Fk; `hh;kd; Nfhl;ghL 19Mk; E}w;whz;by; cynfq;Fk; Mw;WePh;g;gfph;Tj; jfuhWfs; vOe;jd. mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfSf;Fk;nkf;rpNfhTf;Fk; ,ilNa hpNah fpuhz;b (Rio Grande) MW njhlh;ghfr; rpf;fy; vw;gl;lJ. ,r;rpf;fiyj;jPh;f;f 1895Mk; Mz;L ele;j fUj;juq;fpy; mnkhpf;fh If;fpa ehLfspd; jiyik tof;fhLeh;(Alttorney General) `hh;kd; vd;gth; Mw;WePh;g; gfph;tpy;> Ml;rp vy;iy ,iwahz;ik (territorialsovereignity) vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il Kd; itj;jhh;. xU ehL jdJ vy;iyapy; XLk; Mw;iw mjd;tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g vg;gb Ntz;LkhdhYk; gad;gLj;Jk; ,iwahz;ik (Rje;jpu chpik) ngw;wpUf;fpwJvd;w fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhh;. ghrdk; ngWk; kw;w ehLfisg; gw;wpf; ftiygl Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;Wk;$wpdhh;. hpNah fpuhz;b MW mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfspy; cw;gj;jpahfp> nkf;rpNfh topahfg; gha;tjhy;,e;jf; Nfhl;ghl;il mnkhpf;fh;fs; itj;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; nfhyk;gpah MW njhlh;ghf mnkhpf;fhTf;Fk; fdlhTf;Fk; rpf;fy; Vw;gl;l NghJ> mnkhpf;fh`hh;Nkhd; Nfhl;ghl;il Kd;itf;ftpy;iy. fhuzk;> nfhyk;gpa MW fdlhtpy; cw;gj;jpahfpmnkhpf;fhTf;F tUfpwJ. ngw;nwLj;jth;fshNyNa nfhy;yg;gl;l `hh;kd; gpzj;ij ,g;NghJ J}f;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;L thjk;nra;fpwJ. fh;ehlfk;> jdJ tpUg;gg;gb fhtphp ePiug; gad;gLj;jpaJ Nghf kpr;rkpUe;jhy;> ‘tUzgfthd;” me;j mstpw;Ff; fUiz itj;jhy;> jkpo;ehl;bw;Ff; fhtphp ePh; jUfpNwhk; vd;fpwJ fh;ehlfk;. `hh;kd; Nfhl;ghl;il cyf ehLfs; E}w;Wf;F E}W kWjypj;J tpl;ld. ,g;nghOJ n`y;rpq;fptpjpfisj;jhd; cyfk; gpd;gw;WfpwJ. mjd;gb> jkpofj;jpw;Ff; fhtphpapy; Kd;Dhpik cz;L.ghh;itAk; ed;wpAk;fhtphp - cyfePjpAk; cs;ehl;L mePjpAk;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 56 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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Mf];l; 1968f;Fk; mf;Nlhgh; 70f;Fk; ,ilNa jkpofk;> fh;ehlfk;> Nfusk; Mfpa khepyq;fSf;fpilNa 6Kiw Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; ele;jd. khepyq;fSf;fpilapyhd ejpePh;g; gpur;rpidr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> gpur;rpidiag;Ngr;R thh;j;ijapd; %yk; jPh;f;f Kbatpy;iy vd;why;> mij eLth; kd;wj;jplk; tpl Ntz;Lk;. 27.10.1970md;W ele;j Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;Fg; gpd;> me;jg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;F Kd;dpiy tfpj;j kj;jpa ePh;tsj;Jiwmikr;rh; Nf.vy;.uht;> ‘jkpofk;> fh;ehlfk; Mfpa ,U khepyq;fSk; Neh; vjpuhd epiyia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.,dp Ngr;Rthh;j;ij rhj;jpakpy;iy vdj; njhptpj;jhh;. 1971y; fh;ehlfj;jpy; Njh;jy; gpur;rhuk; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpuh fhe;jpAk; ,ijNa nrhd;dhh;. Mdhy;> eLth;kd;wk; mikf;fg;gltpy;iy. 1971 Mf];l; 4k; Njjp eLth; kd;wk; NfhhpAk;> fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;j fh;ehlf murpd; jpl;lq;fis jLj;JepWj;jf; NfhhpAk; jkpo;f muR tof;Fj; njhlh;e;jJ. 6 khjj;jpy; eLepiyahd jPh;g;G xd;iw kj;jpa muRngw;Wj;jUk;> mJtiu ve;j khepyKk; ,g;NghJs;sijtpl mjpfkhf jz;zPiuj; Njf;fp itf;ff;$lhJ vdgpujkuhf ,Ue;j ,e;jpuh fhe;jp nrhd;djd; Nghpy; jkpof muR tof;if 1972 Mf];l;by; jpUk;gg; ngw;wJ.Mdhy;> ,e;jpuh fhe;jp jdJ thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;wtpy;iy. fh;ehlfk; mizfs; fl;ba NghJ mjw;F kj;jpa muNrh> jpl;lf;fkp\Ndh mDkjp mspf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhy;mJ jd; nrhe;jr; nrytpy;> jpl;lkpy;yhj nrythff; fhz;gpj;J mtw;iwf; fl;l Muk;gpj;jJ. Mdhy;> 1971y;fh;ehlfj;jpy; FbauRj; jiyth; Ml;rp ele;jNghJ> (mjhtJ kj;jpa murpd; Ml;rp ele;j NghJ)> ,e;jpamurpd; nghJg;gzj;jpypUe;J vl;liuf; Nfhb &gha; ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fSf;F nrytplg;gl;lJ. (,ij mg;NghJfUzhepjpNa rl;lkd;wj;jpy; njhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;). 1975y; ,U jdpegh;fs; eLth; kd;wk; Nfhhp tof;Fg; Nghl;lNghJ> eLth;kd;wk; mikf;ff;$lhJ vd;Nwkj;jpa muR cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; thjpl;lJ. fhtphp ePh;g;ghrd tpisnghUl;fs;> tptrhapfs; eychpikg; ghJfhg;Gr; rq;fk; eLth; kd;wk; mikf;ff; Nfhhp1983y; tof;Fj; njhLj;jJ. kj;jpa muR tha;jh Nky; tha;jh thq;fp> 1990 tiu mij ,Oj;jbj;jJ. 1990y;ePjpgjp uq;fehj; kp];uhNt nghWik ,oe;J> eLth;kd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;Gf;F ,e;jg; gpur;rpidia tpLtjpy; Vw;gl;lfhyjhkjk; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gij NkYk; fbdkhf;fp tpl;lJ. vy;yh khepyq;fspd;ghJfhtyd; vd;w Kiwapy; kj;jpa muR fhyk; jho;j;jhky; murikg;G ,ae;jpuj;ij KLf;fp tpl Ntz;Lk;.efj;jhy; fps;shjijg; gpd;> Nfhlhp nfhz;Ljhd; ntl;l Ntz;Lk;.mJ rhp> Mdhy;...1. cr;rePjpkd;wj; jPh;g;igNa kjpf;fhj fh;ehlfk; ,ij vg;gb eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;?murpjopy; eLth; kd;wj; jPh;g;G ntspaplg;gl;lijaLj;J> fh;ehlfk; ehd;F mizfs; kPJ mjw;Fs;s mjpfhuj;ij,of;fpwJ. vdNt> me;j mizfisj; jpwf;fNth> %lNth mJ cj;jutpl KbahJ. jz;zPh; jpwe;JtpLk;mjpfhuKk; nghWg;Gk; kj;jpa murpd;fPo; ,aq;Fk; Xh; mikg;gpd; fPo; te;JtpLk;. vdNt> ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;Nf,lkpy;iy.3. ,e;jj; jPh;g;G vg;gb eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;?,e;jj; jPh;g;ig eilKiwg;gLj;j xh; mikg;ig kj;jpa muR cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. mijf; Fwpj;Jk; me;jj; jPH;g;gpy;nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. me;j mikg;G ,y;yhky; ,e;jj; jPh;g;G ntWk; fhfpjk; vdj; jPh;g;Ng nrhy;fpwJ. fhtphpNkyhz;ik thhpak; vd;w mikg;ig kj;jpa muR cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ> kj;jpa ePh;tsf; fkp\dpd; fPo;,aq;Fk;. mjpy; ehd;F khepy gpujpepjpfSk; ,Ug;gh;.,e;j mikg;ig cldbahf cUthf;f jkpof muR tw;GWj;jpAs;sJ. Mdhy;> fh;ehlfk; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; cs;sfhtphp njhlh;ghd tof;Ffs; KbTf;F tUk;tiu ,ij mikf;ff;$lhJ vdr;nrhy;yp tUfpwJ. ,e;j mikg;GVw;gLj;Jtij kj;jpa muR jhkjk; nra;ayhk; (fh;ehlfj;jpy; Nk khjk; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jy;. mq;F fhq;fpu];Kf;fpaf; fl;rp). n[> ePjpkd;wj;ij ehlyhk;. ,t;tsT J}uk; Nghuhbath;> ,ij tpl;L tplkhl;lhh; vd ek;gyhk;. xU jdpegUf;F vJ cz;ikNah> mJ Njrj;jpw;F $Ljy; cz;ikahf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fLikahfr; rhbaJ.cr;rePjpkd;wk; fpLf;fpg; Nghl;l gpd;Gjhd; eLth;kd;wk; mike;jJ vd;gJ tuyhw;W cz;ik. eLth; kd;wk; mike;J> ,Wjpj; jPh;g;Gk; te;j gpd;Gk; mij murpjopy; ntspapl 6 tUlq;fshfpAk; mjidkj;jpa muR murpjopy; ntspapl Kd;tutpy;iy. ,d;Dk; cq;fSf;F vj;jid fhyk; Njit vd‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 61 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

cr;rePjpkd;wk; fbe;J nfhz;l NghJ> rl;l mikr;rfj;Jld; MNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ,Oj;jJ. vjw;F rl;lmikr;rfj;ij MNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;> ve;jr; rl;lj;jpd;fPo; eLth; kd;wk; mikf;fg;gl;lNjh mNj rl;lj;jpd;mbg;gilapy; ntspaplyhNk vd cr;rePjpkd;wk; mjl;ba gpd;dh;jhd; cr;rePjpkd;wk; tpjpj;j nfLehspd;filrpapy; Ntz;lhntWg;ghf murpjopy; ntspapl;lJ.ekf;Fs; Nkhjy; jkpof murpay; fl;rpfSk; vjph;f;fl;rpfSf;Fg; ngah; te;Jtplf;$lhnjd;w FWfpa ghh;itapy; nray;gl;ldvd;gJk; kw;WnkhU tuyhw;W cz;ik.jpKf ,e;jpuhfhe;jpapd; thh;j;ijia ek;gp> 1972y; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; ,Ue;j tof;ifj; jpUk;gg; ngw;wNghJ> kPz;Lk;tof;fhl top itj;Jf; nfhz;Ljhd; fUzhepjp muR jpUk;gg; ngw;wJ. Mdhy;> kPz;Lk; tof;F; Nghltha;g;gpUe;Jk; fUzhepjp muR tof;Fj; njhLf;ftpy;iy. gpg;utup 2007y; eLtu; kd;wj; jPh;g;G te;j NghJk;. ,g;NghJk; kj;jpa murpNy jpKf mq;fk; tfpf;fpwJ. Mdhy;>mij murpjopNy ntspapl NghJkhd msT kj;jpa muir mJ tw;GWj;jtpy;iy. cr;rePjpkd;wk; Ngha;j;jhd;murpjopy; ntspapl Kbe;jJ.mjpKf mtruepiyf; fhyj;jpy; jkpofj;jpy; fth;dh; Ml;rp eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j Neuj;jpy; mg;NghJ kj;jpaePu;g;ghrdj;Jiw mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j n[f[Ptd;uhk; ehlhSkd;wj;jpNy Xh; mwpf;if jhf;fy; nra;jhh;. mjpy;fhtphpg; gs;sj;jhf;F Mizk; (Cauvery valley authority) mikf;fyhk; vdTk; mij %d;W khepyq;fisr;Nrh;e;j nghwpahsh;fSk; kj;jpa murpd; nghwpahsUk; eph;tfpg;ghh;fs; vd Xh; Nahridia ntspapl;bUe;jhh;.Mdhy;> Mf];l; 1978y; eilngw;w $l;lj;jpy; vk;.[p.Mh;. me;j Nahridia epuhfhpj;J tpl;lhh;.,dp vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;? fhtphpapy; ekf;Fs;s cupik cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpl;lJ. Mdhy;> ,J Kbty;y> Jtf;fk;. ,dp nra;aNtz;bait gy. tiuKiwapd;wp Mw;W kzy; ms;sg;gl;ljhy;> MWfs; gs;skhfp epyq;fs; cah;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Mw;wpy;ePh; te;jhYk; mtw;iw epyj;Jf;Fs; gha;r;RtJ rpukkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;Fj; jPh;T fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fhtphpapy; njhopw;rhiyf; fopTfs; fyg;gJ mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. mjdhy;> mJ Ntshz;ikf;Fg; gad;glhky;NghFk; Mgj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. mijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. fhtphpapy; ,d;Dk; fjtizfs; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,g;NghJs;s fjtizfspd; kjFfs; nray;gLk;tz;zk; rPh;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gz;izf; Fl;ilfs; mikg;gjpy; KO%r;rhf ,wq;f Ntz;Lk;. rPdj;jpy; xU Vf;fhpy; 6 Kjy; 8 ld; ney; tpistpf;fpwhh;fs;. ehk; 2 ld; tpistpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.ePiuf; Fiwthfg; gad;gLj;jp> tpisr;riy mjpfg;gLj;Jk; njhopy;El;gq;fis Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;. (,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; cs;s rpy jfty;fs; nt.[PtFkhh; vOjpa> ‘fhtphp-gpur;rpidapd; Nth;fs;”> v];.Ffd;vOjpa> ‘The Cauvery River Dispute” vd;w E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lit).ed;wp : jpU. khyd;,07 khh;r; 2013, Gjpa jiyKiw‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 62 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fhtphp eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;G murpjopy; ntspapl;l gpd;G : %j;j nghwpahsH rq;ff; fUj;Jiu19.02.2013 md;W kj;jpa muRfhtphp eLth; kd;wj;jpd; ,Wjpj;jPh;g;G (15 gpg;uthp 2007) jkpofmurhq;fj;jpd;njhlh;Kaw;rpfspd; fhuzkhf -mauhJ cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy;njhLj;j mLf;fLf;fhdtof;Ffspd; mOj;jj;jhy; jhd;vd;gij midtj;hk; mwpth;.,e;j,iltplhjNghuhl;lj;jpw;fhf jkpofmuirAk; jkpof Kjy;th;mth;fisAk; gpd;Gykhf,Ue;J ,aq;fpa fhtphpnjhopy;El;gf;FOtpd; jiyth; nghwpQh;. Mh;.Rg;gpukzpak; kw;Wk; mth;jk; FOtpdiuAk; ehk; nghpJk; ghuhl;lNtz;Lk;.fhtphp eLth;kd;w ,Wjpj;jPh;g;gpd;gb> fhtphpapy; tUk; jz;zPiu ehd;F khepyq;fspilNa xt;nthU khjKk; (Vd;xt;nthU gj;J ehl;fSf;Fk;) gphpj;J toq;Fk; nghWg;Gk; mjpfhuKk; fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpak; (CauveryManagement Board) vd;w mikg;Gf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F topfhl;b newpfis / mwpTiu toq;Ftjw;fhffhtphp xOq;FKiwf;FO (CauveyrRiver Regulation Committee) vd;nwhU mikg;Gk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j,U mikg;GfisAk; murpjopy; ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G ntspaplg;gl;l ehspypUe;J 90 ehl;fSf;Fs; kj;jpa muRepakpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; (Nk 18 2013f;Fs;). Mdhy; vg;NghJk; Nghy kj;jpa muR jkpo;ehl;bd; kPJ khw;whe;jha;kdg;ghd;ikAlDk;. NkYk; ve;jtpjg; nghWg;Gk; flik czh;Tk; ,d;wp murpayikg;igr; rl;l mjpfhuq;fisNaNftyg;gLj;Jk; Nfypf; $j;jhf;fpLk; tz;zk; fhyjhkjk; nra;jplNt jkpof murhq;fk; ,J Fwpj;j mwpTWj;jiykj;jpa muRf;F toq;fpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W 08.04.2013 md;W kPz;Lk; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; fjTfisj; jl;baJ.Mdhy; 10.05.2013 md;W cr;rePjpkd;wKk; (fhtphp eLth;kd;w ,Wjpj; jPh;g;gpid Xuq;fl;Lk; tifapy; -mjd;murpay; rl;l mikg;Gfis ePh;j;Jg; Nghfr; nra;Ak; tifapy; ve;j tpj Kfhe;jpuKk; ,d;wp)> fhtphp Nkyhz;ikthhpaj;ij (Cauvery Management Board) mikj;jpl kj;jpa muRf;Ff; fhyf;nfLTk; mwpTWj;jYk; nra;ahky; -Gjpajhf Fl;iliaf; Fog;Gk; tifapy; mjpfhukw;w Cauvery Supervisory Committee fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf;FOtpidmikj;jplr; nrhy;ypaJ. me;jf; fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf; FOTk; - fz;Jilg;G ehlfkhf fle;j 01.06.2013,Yk;12-06-2013,Yk; GJ by;ypapy; $b ve;j tpjg; gaDkpd;wpf; fiye;jJ. mg;gb ,e;j fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf; FOtpd;mwpTWj;jy;fisf; Nfl;L mjd;gb fh;ehlfh muR Vw;Wf; fhtphpapy; jkpo;ehl;Lf;Fhpa gq;if jpwe;JtpLkh vd;gJnghpa Nfs;tpf;Fwp. ,e;j Nkw;ghh;itf;FO> $l;lq;fs;> Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; vy;yhNk fhyjhkjk; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpNa.,jdhy; jkpo;ehl;bw;F ve;jg;nghpa gaDk; Vw;glg; Nghtjpy;iy.vdNt jkpo;ehl;L murhq;fk; ,e;j ,ilf;fhy - gadw;w Nkw;ghh;itf; FOtpid epuhfhpj;J - gaDila - mjpfhuk;ngw;w fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpaj;ijAk; fhtphp xOq;FKiwf; FOtpidAk; mikj;jpl tplhJ njhlh;e;Jeltbf;iffis vLj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.fhtphp eLth;kd;wk; murpay; rl;lg;gphpT 262,d; mikf;fg;gl;lJ mjd; jPh;g;G - cr;rkd;wj; jPh;g;gpidg; Nghymjpfhuk; gilj;jJ. mijr; nraw;gLj;j Ntz;ba nghWg;G murpay; rl;lg;gphpTfs; 79 & 80fspd;gb kj;jpamuRf;Fz;L> jl;bf;fopj;jpl tplf;$lhJ. ,J Fwpj;J jkpo;ehL muR> jkpo;ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j kj;jpa mikr;rh;fs;(4 Ngh;) kw;Wk;> ghuhSkd;w ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F tplhJ njhlh;e;J mOj;jKk; neUf;fbAk; je;jplNtz;Lk;. ,JNt rhpahd top‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 63 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

njhlUk; Nghuhl;lk; :fhtphpapypUe;J Nkl;^h; mizf;F Vd; jz;zPh; tutpy;iy? (#d; 15> 2013 ,y;)fh;ehlfh murpd; neba rjpj; jpl;lk;:fhtphp ejp ePh;g;gq;fPL - eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;G 05.02.2007 md;W jug;gl;lJ 6 Mz;Lfs; njhlh; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpd;19.02.2013,y; kj;jpa muR murpjopy; ntspapl;lJ. ,jdhy; ,e;j eLth;kd;w ,Wjpj; jPh;g;Gf;F rl;lj;jpd; typikghJfhg;Gjug;gl;lJ.njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtkio #d; 3> 2013 Kjy; nga;J tUfpwJ. thdpay; Ma;thsh;fspd; kjpg;gPl;bd;gb 98% kionga;Ak; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.,Ue;jhYk; kj;jpa muR eLth;kd;wj;jpd; topfhl;b newpfspy; mbg;gilapy; fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpaj;ijAk;(Cauvery Management Board) fhtphp xOq;FKiwf; FOtpidAk; (Cauvery Regulation Committee) Nk khjk; 19>2013f;Fs; (%d;W khjj;jpw;Fs;> epakpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vg;NghJk; Nghy kj;jpa muR ve;jtpj cz;ikahdmf;fiwapd;wp Ntz;Lnkd;Nw fhyk; jho;j;jp tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; jkpo;ehl;bd; - tptrhapfspd; eyd;fs; - Vd;tho;tjhuNk ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.2. cr;rePjpkd;wNkh - fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpaj;ij mikj;jpl kj;jpa muir typAWj;jhky; - jd; mjpfhu tuk;igkPwp - ,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf - fhyk; flj;Jk; Kaw;rpahf - ve;j tpj mjpfhuKk; ,y;yhj fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf;FOtpid (Cauvery Supervisiory Committee) mikj;Js;sJ. me;jf; FOtpdhplk; 01.06.13 kw;Wk; 12.06.13 ele;jfye;Jiuahly;fspy; - fh;ehlfhtpd; fgpdp kw;Wk; fpU\;zuh[rhfh; mizapYk; Fiwe;j msT $l jz;zPh;,y;yhikahy; jkpo;ehl;Lf;Fj; jz;zPh; jpwe;J tpl KbahJ vd;W fh;ehlfh muR jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njhptpf;fpwJ.mk;khepy Kjyikr;rh; jpU.rpj;juhikah mth;fSk; fh;ehlfhtpd; mizfspy; ePh; epuk;gpdhy; xopa jkpo;ehl;Lj;jz;zPh; jpwe;JtpLk; Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lkpy;iy vd mlhtbahfg; NgRfpwhh;.3. vg;NghJk; Nghy - njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtkioapd;NghJ epuk;Gk; fgpdpAk; fpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fKk; ,e;jg;gUtj;jpy; Vd; epiwatpy;iy? ,jpy; jhd; fh;ehlfhtpd; ePL epide;J nraw;gLj;jpAs;s ngUk; rjpj;jpl;lNkmlq;fpAs;sJ. ,ijr; rhp nra;ahjtiu - Kwpabf;fhjtiu ,e;j ,U mizfSk; epuk;gg; NghtJkpy;iy>fhtphpapypUe;J Nkl;^h; mizf;F jz;zPh; tUk; tha;g;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; kpfr;rhpahfg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.4. fh;ehlfhtpd; jpl;lkpl;l rjpj;jpl;lk; vd;d?fhtphpapy; Nkl;^h; mizf;Fj; jz;zPh; tuNtz;Lkhdhy; - fgpdp miz jpwf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mt;thNwfpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fKk; jpwf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Mdhy; 1970-1990 Mz;Lfspy; fh;ehlfh jkpo; ehl;bw;Fj;jz;zPh; juf; $lhJ vd;w Nehf;fpy; fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gLk; jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ.1.1. fgpdp miz (19.520 bvk;rp) Nùq;fp (8.50 bvk;rp)> N`khtjp (37.130 bvk;rp) ahfr;rp (3.60 bvk;rp) kw;Wk;];th;ztjp (1.26 bvk;rp) Mfpa ma;e;J ePh;j;Njf;fq;fis fhtphpapYk; fhtphpapd; Jiz ejpfspYk; fl;bVwf;Fiwa 70 TMC ePiug; gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,tw;wpw;F ve;j xg;GjYk; ,y;iy. jpl;lf;FO epjpAk;xJf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; khepy epjpapypUe;J fh;ehlfh rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghff; fl;bg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.1.2. fhtphp eLth;kd;w ,ilf;fhyj;jPh;g;gpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jpAs;s 11.20 ,yl;rk; Vf;fhpypUe;J 21.71 yl;rk; Vf;fUf;Fg;ghrd trjpia mjpfkhf Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jw;Fj; Njitg;gLk; ePusT 362 bvk;rp Mdhy; fhtphpapy;fh;ehlfhTf;F chpikahdJ 270 bvk;rp kl;LNk 362 bvk;rpapypUe;J 408.62 bvk;rp jz;zPiuj; Njf;fpl NkYk;jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;b tUfpwJ.1.3. fgpdp Mizf;Fj; jz;zPh; toq;Fk; E}F kw;Wk; rhfu njhl;lfNu ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspypUe;J NtWMw;Wg;gLiffSf;Fj; jpUg;gptpl 28 bvk;rp jz;zPiu ePNuw;Wk; ,iwg;gpfis mikj;J nraw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.(,jw;nfd 60Nos x2000 HP Pump & Motor) epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; fgpdpapypUe;J NeNu Nkl;Ûf;F tuNtz;ba ePhpd; msT ngUk; msT Fiwe;Js;sJ (fgpdpf;Ff; fPNo ePNuhl;lNk ,Uf;f tha;g;gpy;iy).1.4. ,ijg;NghyNt N`khtjp mizapypUe;J 14 ePNuw;Wk; ghrdj;jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;wp - $Ljyhd ePiuvLj;J 45>756 Vf;fh; epyq;fSf;Fg; ghrd trjp nra;Js;sdh;. ,jdhy; ,jd; fPOs;s fpU\;zuh[ rhfh;ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F tuNtz;ba ePhpd; msTk; ngUksT Fiwe;Js;sJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 64 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

1.5. Nùq;fp mizapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; jz;zPiuf; nfhz;L 1>70>020 Vf;fh; msTf;F ghrd trjp nra;Js;sJ.vdNt ,e;j mizapypUe;Jk; fpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F jz;zPh; tuTk; tha;g;gpy;iy.1.6. ,ijj;jtpu ik#h; ghrdg;gFjpapy; (KRSf;F NkNy) fhtphp Xb tUk; topapy; cs;s 25000 Vhpfs; /fz;kha;fSf;Fj; Njitahd ePiuAk; - fhtphp ePiuf; nfhz;Nl epug;gp - fpU\;zuh[rhfUf;F tUk;jz;zPiuAk; jLj;Js;sJ.1.7. ,tw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf - ngq;f@h; kw;Wk; ngUefuq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; FbePiu - 30 bvk;rp msTf;Fmjpfhpj;J fhtphpePiuNa fh;ehlf muR gad;gLj;JfpwJ.5. vdNt ,j;jifa kiwKfkhd jpl;lq;fshy; fgpdp mizf;Fk; fpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fk; NghjpaePh;tutplhky; jLj;Jtpl;L rl;ltpNuhjkhf eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;Gf;F khwhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ,e;j mizfspy;jpwe;J tplg;Nghjpa ePH; ,y;iy vdf; fh;ehlfk; fgl ehlfkhbf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,ijj; jkpof muR Ghpe;J nfhz;L -Vw;w eltbf;iffis vLf;Fk; vd;W ek;gyhkh?fpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fk;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 65 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013



fh;ehlfhtpd; njhlh;e;j rz;bj;jdk;1. 06.06.2013 md;W> fh;ehlfh midj;Jf;fl;rpfspd; $l;lf; fye;JiuahlYf;Fg;gpd; Ngl;baspj;j mjd; Kjyikr;rh;jpU.rpj;juhikah mth;fs; - fhtphp eLth;kd;wj;jpd; ,Wjpj; jPh;g;gpd;gb #d; 1 Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; ,Wjp tiu 134bvk;rp jz;zPiuj; jkpofj;jpw;Fj; jpwe;J tplKbahJ vd;Wk; - khwhf 97.82 bvk;rp kl;LNk jpwe;JtpLk;. mjw;nfd#d; 12> 2013 GJ jpy;ypapy; kl;LNk jpwe;J tpLk;. mjw;nfd #d; 12> 2013 GJ jpy;ypapy; eilngwtpUf;Fk; fhtphpNkw;ghh;itf;FO $l;lj;jpy; fh;ehlfh muR typAWj;Jk; vd;Wk; njhptpj;Js;shh;.2. ,J Fwpj;J 08.06.2013 jpdkzpapd; jiyaq;f ciuapy; ‘jz;zPUk; ePypf; fz;zPUk;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,t;thWfUj;J njhptpj;Js;shh; mjd; Mrphpah;. ,f;fUj;Jiufisj; jkpof muR ftdj;Jld; ghprPypj;J 12.06.2013$l;lj;jpYk; mjdbg;gilapy; rl;lG+h;tkhd eltbf;iffis vLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W kPz;Lk; ehk;typAWj;JfpNwhk;. NkYk;> mth; nrhy;Yk;thjk; cz;ikahfNt ,Ue;jhYk; $l> xU Foe;ij gpwe;j ehs; Kjyhfj;jhd; taJnjhlq;FNknahopa> Foe;ij fUTw;w ehs; KjyhfNt taJ njhlq;fp tpl;ljhff; fUj Ntz;Lk; vd;J eifg;Gf;F,lkhFk;. eLth;kd;w ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G gpg;uthp 5> 200,y; mwptpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk;> murpjopy; ntspahdJ gpg;uthp 19>2013,y; jhd;. MfNt Ie;jhz;L vd;w fzf;F murpjopy; ntspahd ehs; Kjyhfj;jhd; fzf;fplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gUtkio nghopaj; njhlq;Fk;NghNj fh;ehlfk; jdJ Kjiyf; fz;zPiug; nghopaj; njhlq;fptpl;ljw;Ff; fhuzk;- fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf; FO mike;jpUg;gJjhd;. fhtphp Nkyhz;ikf; FOjhd; KOikahdJ vd;whYk; $l> fhtphpNkw;ghh;itf;FO fz;fhzpg;igj; njhlq;fp tpl;lJ. fh;ehlfk;> jkpofk; ,U muRfSk; jq;fs; gFjpapy; nga;Ak;kio> mizf;F ePh;tuj;J> ntspNaw;wg;gLk; msT Mfpatw;iwj; njhptpf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpy; cs;sd. nrd;w Mz;L fh;ehlf mizfspy;> jkpofj;Jf;Fj; jpwe;J tplf;$ba msTf;Fj; jz;zPH; ,Ue;Jk;$l gyfhuzq;fisf; $wp> Njitaw;w Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jp> fh;ehlfk; kl;Lk; rpwg;ghfr; rhFgb nra;J Kbj;jJ. ,e;jMz;Lk; mNj cj;jpiaf; ifahsj; jpl;lkpLfpwhh;fs;. jkpo;ehl;Lf;F mjph;\;lk; ,Ue;J kio mjpfk; nga;jhy;>jz;zPh; jpwe;Jtpl;L eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;ig KOikahf epiwNtw;WtJ. ,y;iynad;why;> jz;zPh; ,y;iy vd;Wnrhy;tJ vd;gJjhd; fh;ehlfj;jpd; fha;efh;j;jy;. 2012> [_d;> [_iy> Mf];l; khjq;fspy; jkpofj;Jf;F eLth; kd;wj; jPh;g;gpd;gb jz;zPh; juhky; Vkhw;wpafh;ehlfj;jpd; kPJ jkpofk; Vw;nfdNt xU tof;F njhLj;jpUe;jJ. rhFgb ,og;Gf;fhf &.1>045 Nfhb ,og;gPLk;>kw;w ghjpg;GfSf;fhf &.1>434 Nfhb ,og;gPLk; Nfl;L jkpof muR tof;F njhLj;jJ. ,e;j tof;if tpiue;Jtprhhpf;fj; jkpof Kjy;th; kPz;Lk; kD nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. [_d; 12Mk; Njjp eilngWk; fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf; FOf;$l;lj;jpy;> fh;ehlf muR nrhy;Yk; 97.82 bvk;rpngha;f;fzf;if Mzpj;jukhf vjph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ePH; msTfisf; Fiwf;f xg;Gjy; mspf;fNt $lhJ.3. ,tw;wpd; kPJ ek;Kila Mzpj;jukhd fUj;Jfs; ,it jhk; :i) fhtphp Nkw;ghh;itf;FOTf;F - fh;ehlfh vt;tsT jz;zPh; juNtz;Lk; vd;W jhf;fPJ nfhLf;fNth>eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;gpid khw;Wtjw;Nfh (,ilf;fhyj;jpy; jw;fhypfkhff; $l) ve;jtpj mjpfhuKk; ,y;iy.,g;gb xU FOit mikg;gjw;Ff; $l (fhtphp eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;Gf;F khwhf) cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fk;mjpfhukpy;iy.ii)iii)vdNt fhtphp eLth;kd;w ,Wjpj;jPh;g;gpy; njhptpj;Js;sJ Nghy fhtphp Nkyhz;ik thhpak; kw;Wk; fhtphpxOq;FKiwf; FO mikj;jplj; jkpof muR njhlh;e;J typAWj;j Ntz;Lk;.fhtphpNkw;ghh;itf; FOtpidAk; mjd; ghpe;JiufisAk; jkpof muR Kw;wpYkhfg; Gwf;fzpj;jplNtz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpby; NkYk; fhyjhkjk; Vw;glTk; eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;gpd; typikapid jPh;j;Jg;Nghfr;nra;aTk; jkpof muNr topNfhypajhff; fUjg;gLk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 69 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Issues confronting Kaveri Delta and suggestions to resolve.Dr. Er. R.Paranthaman, Former Chief Engineer, TNPWD &Professor & HOD / Civil Engg, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur.Kaveri water dispute between Karnataka and Tamilnadu :The first and foremost problem of Kaveri Delta is the water dispute between the upper riparianKarnataka and lower riparian Tamilnadu states. The 1924 agreement between the erstwhile Mysorestate and Madras presidency on sharing Kaveri water provides for a review of the agreement after 50years i.e. in 1974. But Karnataka interpreted the provision for review of the agreement wrongly andconveniently to itself and gave up implementing the provisions of the agreement in respect of releaseof water to Tamilnadu for irrigation. Karnataka appears to have come to the contention that it canrelease water to the lower riparian state of Tamilnadu at it's own will and pleasure and that noinstitution in the country has the authority to question it. Karnataka shows scant respect for theKaveri Tribunal's awards, interim or final. Even the orders of CRA (Cavery River Authority) vested inthe Prime Minister of India are ignored. The order of the Supreme Court is disobeyed risking evencontempt of court. A distress formula meant for sharing water at times of scarcity, too, has not beenaccepted by Karnataka.Suggestion to resolve :While wishing that better senses prevails in Karnataka, Tamilnadu on its part should consolidate thedistribution network in the delta consisting of Branch Rivers and channels by taking up a megaproject prepared by Task Force in Nov-2008 for modernizing the delta. The different improvementworks suggested are highlighted below.Scientific irrigation demands assurance of supplying a prefixed quantum of water at aprefixed point at a prefixed time. This is possible only when the distribution network is intact andtotally under the control of the Irrigation Engineer. With earthen channels, the side slopes havecaved in, making the cross section wider and flat or like a caterinary. This reduces velocity andcauses silting. Cattle crossings and cart crossings are very common in the channels. The bed slope isalso not maintained. In short the channels have lost their regime. It is not possible to economise thewater for irrigation in an irrigation network consisting of channels, which have lost their regime. Sothe most important component of the project suggested should be to bring the channels,back to regime by.....2. Lining the channels, not for arresting seepage loss as normally believed but formaintaining the trapezoidal section of the channels and their bed slope thereby keepingthe channels under regime condition.3. The Banks of the Rivers should be widened and strengthened with inspection track (Jeep track) onthe top of the bank, well maintained, taking back the poramboke lands from encroachers and ifnecessary acquiring additional land at market rates.4. All the irrigation structures should be thoroughly checked and repaired and those, which are beyondrepairs, should be demolished and reconstructed.5. After completing the mega project as suggested the system should be maintained in a trimcondition such that the dictum of supplying a prefixed quantum of water at prefixed pointat prefixed time is enforceable. This can be achieved by providing sufficient annualmaintenance fund and by improving the staff strength both in magnitude and expertise andskill.In short the proposals for modernizing the Delta prepared by Tamilnadu Public Works Department,Government of Tamil Nadu at a cost of Rs.5100 Crores and submitted to the Government of Indiashould be sanctioned and implemented within a time frame.Drainage Problem :While ensuring irrigation supply is a problem on one side, draining away the surplus water receivedthrough unexpected heavy rains and floods received from the uplands are a problem on the otherside. The terrain slope is very mild in the delta near the sea. With a very mild slope, the velocity isvery low and it takes much longer time for the water to drain. This leads to longer period ofsubmersion of crop in water, causing heavy damage to the crops.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 70 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Suggestions to resolve :Desilting of drainage rivers being taken up in the delta, should be carried out more scientifically byidentifying the worst affected area calculating the flood intensity in the area and flood carryingcapacity of drainage rivers and courses by giving priority. The smaller streams carrying surface overflows to the drainage rivers should also be cleared off weeds and led to the infall points.Further possibility of constructing underground storage reservoirs is to be explored which can beutilised in summer months. This will also recharge groundwater in an appreciable way.Aqua culture farms on the coastal line-their effect on Agriculture and Environment:Aquaculture farms are found all along the coast of the delta. The aqua culture farms are in the formof smaller tanks with raised bunds on all four sides and are located in a chain with just a small gap inbetween the adjacent farms. This chain of tanks (farms) acts like a fort wall preventing floodwaterfrom approaching the sea fast. But heavy floods, even a fraction of which cannot be discharged in ariver, has to find it's way only as surface run off covering the entire terrain like a sheet of movingwater. This increases the stagnation time of crops spoiling their prospects and some times leads tototal damage of crops affecting the economy of the Delta and its people.Aqua culture farms causing salinity to ground water :The aquaculture practised along the seacoast being marine aquaculture, seawater is pumped to thefarms (tanks) and allowed to remain there at a particular depth till it is replaced with fresh seawater.Thus a continuous standing of saline water in the aquaculture farm percolating into the soil andreaching the ground water storage pollutes the ground water and makes it saline. On one side theGovernment is taking action to prevent seawater intrusion into the land and on the other sidepermitting and encouraging aquaculture farms thereby bringing salinity to inland. This has causedirreparable environmental degradation along the coast of the Delta.Suggestions to resolve :THE MARINE AQUACULTURE FARMS SHOULD BE REMOVED FORTH WITH, the land occupiedby the farms leveled to allow the monsoon floods to reach the Bay of Bengal as surface run off sothat the period of crop submersion may be reduced to the level of sustenance by the crops. Suchremoval will also stop addition of further salinity to the ground water storage.Cropping pattern – Change :The soil of the Delta, consisting of fertile alluvial deposits, availability of sufficient water and goodamount of rain fall have encouraged the farmers to take to cultivation of wet crops like paddy andsugar cane, over a long period in the past. But, now, in a changed scenario of water scarcity, thefarmers should make a thorough and detailed review of the pattern of cultivation advised and guidedby the Irrigation Engineers, Agricultural Scientists and other Government officers and specialistsconcerned in the field.Development of Central Nursery :Individual farmers raise nurseries in the beginning of the crop period. Less than 10% of the land onlyis used for raising nursery and these lands lie scattered. Water has to travel a long distance to reachthese lands without irrigating any land on the way. This results in considerable loss of water due toseepage and evaporation during transmission.Suggestion :Central Nursery can be raised in each village or preferably for a cluster of villages, where the farmerscan register their requirement and collect their nursery at the appropriate time on payment. Watercan be directed to the central nursery alone, which will reduce the quantum of water and loss intransmission.Annual Turn SystemSome sort of Annual Turn system, demarcating areas to receive water in alternate years, may bedevised as practised in Manimuthar main canal of Tamiraparani basin and in Parambikulam Aliyarsystem.The system, however, has to be devised with utmost care such that the areas demarcated spreadover the entire delta uniformly. A team of experts drawn from various disciplines and stakeholdersmost importantly farmers should be formed to arrive at the system, which should be acceptable tothe farmers. Though this is a tough task it will reduce unnecessary loss to the farmers due to cropfailure.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 71 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

nghwpQh;. e.eluh[d;> Kd;dhs; Nkw;ghh;itg; nghwpahsh;> jehnghgJePh; ,Ug;ig Nrkpf;fTk;> Vhpg; ghrdj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTkhd topfs;1. jkpo;ehl;by; 50 Vf;fh;fSf;Ff; Fiwthd gjpT ngw;w ghrd gug;igf; nfhz;l Vhpfs; 16>477 ,tw;wpd; %ykhf gaph;nra;ag;gLk; ghrd gug;G 1>60>000 Vf;fh;fs; ruhrhpahf ,t;Nthpfspd; %yk; ghrdk; ngWk; epyq;fs; 10Vf;fh;fSf;Fk; FiwNt. NkYk; ,e;j epyq;fs; ahTk; Vhpapd; ePiuf;nfhz;L kl;Lk; mWtil tiu ghrdk; nra;jplngUkstpy; tha;g;G ,y;iy. fpzWfSk; Maf;fl;L gFjpfspy; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk gaph;fhyk; KOtJk; jz;zPh;trjp fpilf;Fk;. jz;zPhpd; gha;jpwd; (Duty of Water to Irrigate the extent in acres – per cusec of water flowing) Vhp%yk; vdpy; xU kpy;ypad; fd mbf;F 6 Kjy; 8 Vf;fh;fs;jhd; gaphplyhk;. KOgaph;fhyKk; ghrd trjp ngWk;vd;gjidAk;> mNj Vhpia (Pond) kjfpid milj;J Fl;ilahf khw;wptpl;lhy;> fpzW %yk; gaph;fhyk;KOikf;Fk; nrythFk; ePhpd; msT Fiwthfp> xU kpy;ypad; fd mb jz;zPh; Vhpapy; ,Uf;Fkhapd; mjw;F 25Vf;fh;fs; vd;w mstpy; gha;jpwd; ,Ug;gJk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,r;rpwpa Vhpfisnay;yhk; Fl;ilfshffrpTePh;Fl;ilfshf kjfpid milj;J khw;wptplyhk;. ghjpf;fg;gLk; Maf;fl;L epyq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;Jkpd; ,izg;Gf; nfhLf;fTk;> NkYk; fpzWfs; Njitg;gbd; ntl;bf;nfhs;sTk;> ePz;lfhy tl;bapy;yh flidmuR toq;fplyhk;.2. jkpo;ehl;by; nkhj;jk; 16298 fpuhkq;fs; cs;sjhfj; njhpfpwJ. vdNt 16477 rpwpa VhpfisAk;> Fl;ilfshf(Percolation Pond) frpT ePh;f; Fl;ilfs; khw;Wtjhy;> xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpw;Fk; tha;g;G cs;stw;wpw;F xU Fl;ilvd;w mstpy; mtw;iw FbePh;j; Njitf;fhfTk;> tPl;L cgNahfk;> fhy;eil tsh;g;G Mfpa Njitf;Fk; xJf;fp ePiuNrkpj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;sr; nra;ayhk;.3. nfhs;ssT Fiwe;Js;s VhpfisAk;> gw;whf;Fiwahff; nfhs;ssT nfhz;Ls;s VhpfisAk;> mt;Nthpfspd;KOePh;kl;lj;ij 1…0” Kjy; 4…0” tiu cah;j;jplTk; fypq;Ffis cah;j;jp mjdhy; ePh; Njq;Fk; gl;lh epyq;fisghJfhf;f Vhpfspd; vjph;thapy; Njitg;gLk; msT rpWfiufis mikj;Jk;> fypq;Ffspd; ePsj;ij ePl;bj;Jk;>Vhpapd; cr;rePh;kl;lj;ijf; fl;Lf;Fs; itf;fTk; nra;ayhk;. fiufisAk; cah;j;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. mfyg;gLj;jyhk;.,jdhy; Vhpfs; %yk; ghrdk; ngWk; epyq;fSf;fhd ePhpd; ,Ug;igAk;. nfhs;ssitAk;> fzprkhf mjpfhpf;f,aYk;.4. NkYk; 100 Vf;fh;fs; tiu ghrdKs;s Vhpfspd; Nky;kl;l kjF xd;wpid kl;Lk; rPuhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L> Vidags;s kjFfisnay;yhk; milj;Jtplyhk;. ,jdhy; jz;zPh; Nrjkhtijj; jLg;gNjhL. ePhpd; cgNahfKk; Fiwe;Jrpf;fdkhFk;. Vhpapy; jz;zPh; ,Ug;G njhlh;e;J ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjhy; Maf;fl;L gFjpapYs;s fpzWfs; epuk;gp,Uf;fTk;> tay;fspy; mtw;wpd; ePh;tuj;J XilfNshLk;> ePu;tuj;Jg; gFjpfNshLk; ,izj;J> kiof;fhyq;fspy;jz;zPh; Vhpf;F vspjhf Xb tUkhW NgzNtz;baJ kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;.5. Vhpfspd; nfhs;ssT Fiwahky;> mt;tg;NghJ J}h;thhp NgZtJk;> fiufis mfykhfTk;> yhhpfSk;> tz;bfSk;Ngha;tu VJthf mikj;J tptrhapfSk;> kw;wth;fSk; Vhpapd; cs;thapypUe;J gQ;rhaj;J mDkjp ngw;W,ytrkhf tz;liyAk; kz;izAk; vLj;Jr; nry;y tha;g;ghf;FtijAk;> eilKiwf;F nfhz;L tuyhk;.XilfSf;Fk;> MWfSf;Fk; FWf;Nf gLf;if mizfSk;> mizf;fl;LfSk; Fiwe;jJ 2 Kjy; 5 fpNyhkPl;lUf;F xd;W vd;w mstpy; fl;LtJk;> mtw;wpd;Nky; kl;lk; (Crest) Fiwe;jJ xU kPl;luhtJ Mw;wpd; jskl;lj;jpw;F Nky; caukhf mikg;gJk; ,t;tizfspy; tz;ly; ntspNaw;Wk; kjF mikf;fhky; ghh;j;Jtbtikg;gJk;> epyj;jb ePh; kl;lk; Fiwahky;> Mw;wpd; ,UGwKk; cs;s fpzWfspd; ePh;kl;lk; cau toptFf;Fk;.epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; Nkyhf ,Uf;Fk; FbePh;g;gQ;rk; Vw;glhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s VJthFk;.6. xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kjFfSs;s Vhpfspd; kjFfspd; jskl;lk; (Sill level) xNu msthf mikf;fg;gLjy; mtrpak;.gs;s kjFfisnay;yhk; milf;fTk;> Nky;kl;l kjFfSk; 60 Vf;fh; ghrdj;jpw;F> tpdhbf;F xU fd mbePNuhl;lk; nry;yj;jf;f tifapy; fjTfisAk; ePh;topiaAk; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghrd kjFfSf;fhd fjTfs;etPdkhdjhf Nghpq;Fk;> ];F& fpah; nfhz;ljhfTk;> ,Uj;jy; eyk;. $batiuapy; kjFfspd; vz;zpf;ifiafl;Lg;gLj;jp> Fiwthf xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L kjFfSld; mikg;gNj Vhpapd; nfhs;ssT Fiwahky;Ngzpf;fhf;f top tFf;Fk;.7. midj;J VhpfspYk;> ,Ug;Gf; nfhs;ssT Fiwe;jJ 2.00 kPl;lh; cauj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ Vhpapd; KOePh;kl;lnfhs;sstpy; 30 rjtPjNkh ,Uf;FkhW ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jsT ePh;kl;lk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; brk;gh;khjk; ,Wjpapy; Vhpapy; ,Uf;FkhWk;> mjw;Nfw;g tpjpKiwfis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; epyj;jb ePh;tsk;Ngzg;glTk;> FbePh;j;Njitf;Fk;> tPl;L cgNahfj;jpw;Fk; NfhilapYk; jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;glhky; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk; KbAk;.8. midj;J CuzpfisAk;> ghrdf;Fl;ilfisAk;> njg;gf;Fsq;fisAk; 5.00-6.00 kPl;lUf;F Fiwahky; Mog;gLj;jpePiu Njf;fp itj;Jf; nfhs;sr; nra;tJk; ey;y gyidf; nfhLf;Fk;. epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; Fiwahky; ,Uf;Fk;.jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiw fhyq;fspy; ,t;tpUg;G ePiuf; nfhz;Lk; Cw;WePhpd; %yKk; gaph;fisf; fhg;ghw;wplTk;>cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 72 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

9. jz;zPh;g;gw;whf;FiwAk;> FbePH; ,y;yhky; gy efuq;fSk; fpuhkq;fSk; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; #o;epiyapy; MWfspd;ePNuhl;lk;> cghpahfp tPzhf flypy; fyg;gJ jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;ehL ePH;g;ghrd Jiwapd; mizf;fl;Lfs;rpwg;ghf mikf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> fhy;tha;fs;> mit epug;gNtz;ba Vhpfs; kw;Wk; Neubg; ghrd NjitfisfUj;jpy; nfhz;L mikf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. gy ghrd tha;f;fhy;fspd; nfhs;ssT kpfTk; Fiwthf MWfspy;ePNuhl;lk; gy ehl;fSf;F njhlh;e;J ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk> mjdhy; gydilAk; Vhpfis epug;Gk; jd;ikAk;> msTk;nfhz;litfshf cs;sd. mizfspypUe;J gphpAk; fhy;tha;fs; ahTk; 3 Kjy; 5 ehl;fSf;Fs; mtw;iw ek;gpAs;smidj;J VhpfisAk; epug;Gk; tifapy;> mtw;wpd; nfhs;ssitf; $l;l Ntz;Lk;. mizf;fl;bd; Nky;kl;lj;ijxd;wpuz;L mbfs; cah;j;jpAk;> fhy;tha;fis mfyKk;> MoKk; nra;Jk; tpiutpy; Vhpfs; epuk;gr; nra;ayhk;. Ma;Tnra;J Njitf;Nfw;g gzpfis tpiue;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;. gy yl;rq;fis mizfisf; fl;l nrytpl kjpg;gPl;by;tif nra;Jtpl;L> mtw;wpypUe;J gphpAk; ghrd fhy;tha;fis rpwpaitfshf mikj;jpUg;gij Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kpfmtrpak;. Fwpg;ghf fhtphp> ghrd VhpfSf;F ePh; toq;Fk; tha;f;fhy;fisnay;yhk; rPuikj;J fypq;Ffis cah;j;jpnfhs;ssit $Ljyhf;Ftjd; %yk; jz;zPiu Nrkpf;fTk;> fly;ePh; CLUtiy jLj;J epWj;jTk;> FbePh;trjpiaNkk;gLj;jTk; KbAk;.10. jkpo;ehl;by; nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; ePh;ts Mjhug;gphptpdhy; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L kjpg;gPLfSk; jahhpf;fg;gl;L gyePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhikapdhy; fl;lg;glhky; cs;sd. cjhuzj;jpw;F.fpU\;zfphp khtl;lj;jpy; X#h; tl;lj;jpy; X#h; Njd;fdpf;Nfhl;il rhiyapy; FWf;fpLk; rpd;dhw;wpd; FWf;Nfnfhul;lfphp vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpd; vy;iyapy; xU ePh;j;Njf;fk; mikj;jhy; X#h; efhpd; FbePh;NjitG+h;j;jpailtNjhL jw;rkak; nfytug;gs;sp ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J> ngq;f@h;> rhh;[hGuk; Mfpa gFjpfspypUe;Jnfytug;gs;sp ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpy; te;J NrUk; fopT ePh; kw;Wk; rhf;fil ePh; fye;j mRj;jkhd ePiu cgNahfpj;J tUk;mtyk; ePq;fptpLk;.fpU\;zfphp khtl;lj;jpy; ehr;rpf;Fg;gk; mUNf XLk; ngz;izahw;wpd; cgejpapd; FWf;Nf xU ePu;j;Njf;fk;fl;Ltjw;F Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L epYitapy; cs;sJ. ,e;ePh;j;Njf;fKk; cldbahf fl;Ltjw;F Mtd nra;ayhk;.jh;kGhp khtl;lj;jpy; jPh;j;jkiy mUNf ngz;izahw;wpd; FWf;Nf jhk;gy; vd;Dkplj;jpy; xU ePh;j;Njf;fKk;.jh;kGhp khtl;lk; m&h; tl;lj;jpy; fy;yhW kw;Wk; ehpg;gs;sp Xil Mfpatw;wpd; FWf;Nf xU ePh;j;Njf;fKk;>jh;kGhp khtl;lj;jpy; Cj;jq;fiu tl;lj;jpy; Nky;ghk;ghW ePh;j;Njf;fKk; Vw;gLj;jyhk;.jpUtz;zhkiy khtl;lk;> jpUf;NfhtpY}h; tl;lk; mUq;FUf;if fpuhkj;jpy; nfbyk; Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf xUePh;j;Njf;fKk; mikf;fyhk;.ehkf;fy; khtl;lk;> nfhy;ypkiyapd;Nky; 7 rpW ePh;j;Njf;fq;fis mikj;J mtw;iw ,izj;J ghrd trjpAk;> kpd;cw;gj;jpAk; nra;a KbAk;.fs;sf;Fwpr;rp tl;lk;> nfhbaD}h; fpuhkj;jpd; mUNf KRFe;jh ejpapd; FWf;Nf xU ePh;j;Njf;fKk;>tpUj;jhr;ryk; tl;lk;> yl;Rkz; fpuhk vy;iyapy; nfhLf;Fthb ePh;j;Njf;fKk;> jpUr;rp khtl;lk;> JiwA+h; tl;lk;Iahw;wpd; FWf;Nf xU ePh;j;Njf;fKk;> nguk;gY}H; khtl;lk;> nguk;gY}H; tl;lk; fpU\;zhGuk;> mUk;ghT+h; mUNfrpd;dKl;Y vd;Dkplj;jpy; xU ePh;j;Njf;fk; mikf;fyhk;.nguk;gY}h; khtl;lk;> mhpaY}H; mUNf kUijahw;wpd; FWf;Nf ,uz;L ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; mikf;fyhk;.,Nj Nghy; fhNthpf;F njw;Nf ehq;FNehp tiu rpy ePh;j;Njf;fq;fis cUthf;fpl tha;g;Gs;sjhYk; mitfSk;may; Mw;W ePiu ngWtjw;F Vw;g mikf;fyhk;. mtw;iwAk; %d;W Mapuk; kpy;ypad; fd mb Kjy; MW Mapuk;kpy;ypad; fdmb tiu nfhs;ssT nfhz;l ePh;j;Njf;fq;fshf tbtikj;J vjph;fhyj;jpy; FbePh;g; gw;whf;Fiwjkpo;ehl;by; vq;FNk ,y;iy vd;Dk; ,dpa epiyia Vw;gLj;j KbAk;.xNfdf;fy; - nrd;id tlfhNthp fhy;tha; kw;Wk; fl;lis - =itFz;lk; njd;fhNthpf; fhy;tha; Mfpa ,uz;Lghrd kw;Wk; FbePh; toq;Fk; fhy;tha;j; jpl;lq;fis tpiutpy; Nkw;nfhz;L epiwNtw;wpdhy; jkpo;ehl;bd;FbePh;j;Njitia G+h;j;jp nra;a KbAk;.,j;Jld; fhtphp ejpapy; NkYk; 9 fjtizfSk; nfhs;splj;jpy; 7 fjtizfSk; tpiue;J fl;lg;gl;lhy;kpF kiof;fhyq;fspy; tPNz Xbf; flypy; fyf;Fk; fhtphp Mw;W nts;sk; nghpJk; FiwAk;fjtizfspy; Njf;fg;gLk; ePHpd; cauj;jpy; $Ljy; kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp nra;a KbAk;/fjtizf;fUfpYs;s Ch;fl;Ff; FbePh; toq;f KbAk;.fjtizapy; Njf;fg;gLk; ePhpdhy; - epyj;jb ePh; nrwpT ngw;W Cwp - E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fpzWfspy; jz;zPh; kl;Lk;nghap mstpy; caUk;.,tw;wpw;F jkpof muR - nghJg;gzpj;JiwAk; kpd;thhpaKk; Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;J tpiutpy; epiwNtw;wplNtz;Lk;. jz;zPh;j; jd;dpiwTj; jkpofk; cUthf Kide;J nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 73 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fl;lg;glNtz;ba fjtizfs;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 74 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013




è˜ï£ìè Üó¬ê õN‚°‚ ªè£‡´õó Þ‰Fò ÜóCò Ü¬ñŠ¹„ Í‚èí£ƒèJÁ & HK¾ 365 Þ‰Fò ÜóCò ê†ì‹ HK¾ 365 ÞŠð®„ ªê£Aø, “Art 365.. Where any state has failed to comply with or to give effect to, any directions given in theexercise of the executive power of the union under any of the provisions of this constitution, it shall belawful for the President to hold that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot becarried on in accordance with the provisions of this constitution. Object of Art 365 : without this provision, there would have been no means to enforce the directionsissued by the union under Arts 256-257 Duty of the union to ensure that the Government of every state is in accordance with constitution – seearts 355-356. è¼ˆ¬ó : è£MK c˜ŠðƒA†´ ï´õ˜ñ¡ø‹ ÜóCò Ü¬ñŠ¹„ ê†ì‹ HK¾ 262Þ¡ð® Ü¬ñ‚èŠð†ìÜFè£ó Ü¬ñŠ¹. Üšõ£«ø à„êcFñ¡øº‹ ÜóCò ê†ì‹ HK¾ 124Þ¡ð® Ü¬ñ‚èŠð†ì cFñ¡øÜ¬ñŠ¹. Þ¬õèO¡ b˜Š¹èÀ‹, ÜP¾ÁˆîèÀ‹ ÜóCòê†ìˆF¡ õN H¡ðŸøŠðì «õ‡®ò¬õ. Þ¬îŠ«ð£ô«õ å¼ ñ£Gô Üó²‹, ñ£Gô Ü¬ñ„êó¬õ»‹ ñ£Gô Ü¬ñ„ê˜èÀ‹ ÜóCò ê†ìŠð®«ò(HK¾&168) Ü¬ñ‚èŠð†´œ÷ù˜. âù«õ Þ‰Fò ÜóCò ê†ìˆF¡ð®«ò Þõ˜èœ ªêòŸðì «õ‡´‹.ñ£ø£è & âFó£è„ ªêòŸðì âšMî àK¬ñ»‹ ÜFè£óºI¬ô. ñ£Áð†´ «ðCù£«ô£ ïì‰î£«ô£Üõ˜èO¡ ªð£ÁŠ¹èO ªî£ìó àK¬ñ Þ¬ô. ªð£ÁŠ¹èOL¼‰ ªõO«òŸøŠðì «õ‡´‹. è£MK c˜ŠðƒW†´ ï´õ˜ñ¡øˆ b˜Š¬ð»‹ à„êcFñ¡ø ÜP¾Áˆîè¬÷»‹ eP ïì‚°‹«ð£ &ñˆFò Üó² ÜóCò ê†ìŠHK¾ 365Þ¡ð® è˜ï£ìè£ Üó²‚°ˆ î£‚W ÜÂŠH àì¡ ïìõ®‚¬èâ´ˆFì «õ‡´‹, îõÁ‹«ð£ ð£F‚èŠð†ì îIöè Üó² & Þ„ê†ìŠHK¾ 365Þ¡ð® ïìõ®‚¬èâ´ˆFì ñˆFò Üó¬ê (à„êcFñ¡ø‹ ñŸÁ‹ Hø õNèO) õL»ÁˆFì «õ‡´‹ â¡Á‹õL»ÁÂ«ø£‹.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 78 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

jkpo;ehl;L ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspd; gad;gL nfhs;stpidf; $l;lYk;gbe;Js;s tz;ly; kz;iz ntspnaLj;jYk; - xU gaDs;s myry;nghwpQh;. m.tPug;gd;> ME (Struct), FIE, MICI, Dip LL&ALKd;dhs; rpwg;Gj; jiyikg; nghwpahsh;> jkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw & ,e;ehs; tbtikg;G ty;Yeh;1. ePh;g;gw;whf; FiwAk; kzy; gw;whf;FiwAk;• ,d;iwa epiyapy; jkpo;ehl;bd; ghrd kw;Wk; FbePh; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngWk; ePh;ts msT kpfTk;Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. mj;Jld; fh;ehlfh muR fhtphpapYk; Me;jpu muR ghyhw;wpYk; chpa ePusit toptplhky;jLf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhf - mlhtbj;jdkhf Nfus muR Ky;iy nghpahw;wpYk; nea;ahw;wq;fiu tyJfhy;thapYk; ekf;F fpilf;ff; $ba ePusitj; ju kWj;J tUfpwJ. vg;NghJk; Nghy nga;Ak; kioasT FiwahJ,Ug;gpDk; ePhpd; Njit (Fwpg;ghf ngUk; njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; Nghj;jypy; ePiumilj;J nfhs;is tpiyapy; tpw;gjw;Fk;) kpFjpahfp tUfpwJ.1.2. Mdhy; fle;j 5 Mz;Lfspy; jkpo;ehl;by; fl;Lkhdq;fs; gyklq;F ngUfpAs;sd. NkYk; NkYk; tphptile;Jk;tUfpd;wd. vdNt ,k;khngUk; fl;Lkhdq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; kzypd; (Fwpg;ghf Mw;W kzypd;) msTehnshU njhopw;rhiyAk; nghOnjhU FbapUg;Gkhf kpFe;Nj tUfpd;wJ.1.3. jkpo;ehL muR - xU Nkhrkhd Kaw;rpahf - Mw;W kziy muNr tpw;W ePh;tsj;ijAk; Rw;Wr; #oiyAk;Fiwj;Jk; nfLj;Jk; tUfpwJ. ,r;rkaj;jpy; mfpy ,e;jpaf; fl;Leh; rq;fk; (njd;df ka;ak;) Xh; cUg;gbahffUj;JUit murpd; md;ghd cldbahd ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y tpiofpd;wdh;.2. fl;Leh; rq;ff; fUj;JU vd;d?2.1 jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s nghpa mizf; fl;LfspYk; ePh;j; Njf;fq;fspYk; Mz;lhz;L fhykhf (gy Mz;Lfshf)te;J gbe;J Nkbl;Ls;s gad;glhj tz;ly; kz;iz (in the dead storage portion and above of Reservoir) vLj;J(by dredging operations) Kiwg;gLj;jp (J}a;ikg;gLj;jpAk; tif gphpj;Jk;) kzypd; Njitia ngUksTf;Fr;rhpf;fl;lyhk;. mj;Jld; ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspYs;s gad;gL ePhpd; nfhs;sitAk; Nkk;gLj;jyhk;. murhq;fj;jpw;Fr;nrytpy;yhky; tUthiag; ngUf;fyhk;. ,jw;F nghJg;gzpj;Jiw ePh;ts Mjhug; gphptpd; xg;GjNyhLk;> tUtha;j;Jiw> khR fl;Lg;ghl;L thhpak; kw;Wk; rKjhaj; njhz;L epWtdq;fspd; fz;bg;ghd fz;fhzpg;NghLk; jdpahh;epWtdq;fs; / fl;Leh;fs; / xg;ge;jf;fhuh;fSf;F chpkk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf ,th;fSf;F MFk;nryT Nghf - vLf;Fk; tz;ly; kz;zpd; msTf;F (xU fd kPl;lUf;F) xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifapid ,j;jdpahh;epWtdq;fs; muRf;Fr; nrYj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ,jw;Fhpa Njitg;gLk; ntspg;gilahd murpd; eyd;fhf;Fk;Kiwapy; njspthd topfhl;b newpfs; tFf;fg;gl;L nghWg;NghL filgpbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf kiymbthuq;fSf;fUfpy; cs;s (Ngr;rpg;ghiw ePh;j;Njf;fk;> guk;gpf;Fsk;> NrhiyahW ePh;j;Njf;fk;> ePyfphpkhtl;lj;jpYs;s kpd;thhpa mizfs;> Nkl;^h;> fpU\;zfphp> jpU%h;j;jp> gthdp rhfh;> itif miz> mkuhtjpmiz> MopahW miz> Kjypait ,tw;Ws; mlq;Fk;) kjpg;gPl;bw;nfd 25 nghpa mizfs; / ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs;fUjg;gLfpd;wd.3. nghwpapay; - njhopy;El;g mwpTiu vd;d?3.1. mfpy ,e;jpa fl;Leh; rq;fk; (njd;df ka;ak;) njhptpj;jpLk; fUj;Jiu - ,jd; gad;fs; ,uz;L.3.2. xd;W : jkpo;ehl;bd; nghpa ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; (25 Mz;Lfs; - 75 Mz;Lfshf) cs; te;J gbe;J Nkbl;bUf;Fk;tz;ly; kz;iz ntspNa vLj;jhy; - ,tw;wpd; nfhs;ssT 15% Kjy; 20% tiu $Ltjw;F tha;g;Gz;L.nts;sf; fhyq;fspy; $Ljy; ePiuj; Njf;fp itf;fTk; KbAk;. ,jdhy; nts;sr; Nrjq;fisj; jLg;gNjhL -fpilf;Fk; ePiu $Ljy; ghrd trjpf;Fk; FbePh; toq;fYf;Fk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,jdhy; murpw;F $Ljy;nrytpd;wp gaDk; fpilf;fpwJ.3.3. ,uz;lhtJ : nghpa ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; / mizf;fl;Lfspy; gbe;jpUf;Fk; tz;ly; kz;iz ntspnaLg;gjhy;ngUksTf;F Mw;W kzypd; Njitapidr; rpy Mz;LfSf;Ff; Fiwf;f KbAk;. NkYk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fr;nrytpd;wp $Ljy; tUtha; fpilf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lk; ,d;iwa Rw;Wr; #oiy ve;j msTf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. vdNt khR fl;Lg;ghL thhpa mjpfhhpfSk; Rw;Wr; #oy; Mh;tyh;fSk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F vjph;g;Gnjhptpj;jhYk; mijg; nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 79 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

3.4. ,ijg; NghyNt jkpo;ehl;bYs;s nghpa Vhpfs; / fz;kha;fspy; J}h;thhp Mog;gLj;Jk; topahf - fpilf;Fk; Vhpntl;L kz;izAk; Njitg;gLNthh;f;F Cuhl;rpkd;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ghrd coth; rq;fq;fspd; fz;fhzpg;gpy;tpw;fyhk;. fpilf;Fk; epjpia me;je;j Vhpfspd; / fz;kha;fspd; guhkhpg;gpw;Fk; Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk; gad;gLj;jtoptif nra;ayhk;.4. epjpepiy mwpf;if vd;d njhptpf;fpwJ?ml;ltiz 1 kw;Wk; 2 - ,tw;iwg; ghUq;fs;> gbAq;fs;> ,it ,uz;Lk; kpfg; ngUk;ghd;ikahd mizfs; kw;Wk;nghpa VhpfspypUe;J vt;tsT tz;ly; kz;iz / Vhp kz;iz vLj;Jf; fl;Lkhd NtiyfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;wxU Njhuhakhd kjpg;gPl;ilj; njhptpf;fpwJ. NkYk; muR 1 fd kPl;lh; tz;ly; kzYf;F / Vhp ntl;L kz;Zf;F ve;jtpiyapy; epWtdq;fSf;f mfpy ,e;jpaf; fl;Leh; rq;fj;jpw;F tpw;fyhk; (toq;fyhk;)4.1. ml;ltiz - 1:25 mizf;fl;Lfs;/ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; nkhj;j nfhs;ssT 5738.15 kp.f.kP,tw;wpy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fg;ngWk;tz;ly; kz;zpd; Njhuha msT (@ 10%)574 x 10 6 f.kP(20270 x 10 6 f.mb) 20TMC4.2. ml;ltiz - 2:nghpa Vhpfs; / fz;kha;fs; (20000) / ,tw;wpd; nfhs;ssT ,Ue;J fpilf;fg; ngWk; 390 TMCkz;ntl;L Njhuha msT (0.25%)97.5 TMC$Ljy; nfhs;ssT (1 + 2) 120 TMC5. tpiuthd njhlh; eltbf;if NjitvdNt ,J Fwpj;J mfpy ,e;jpa fl;Leh; rq;fk; (njd;df ka;ak;) kw;Wk; ,j;njhopypy; njhlh;Gila jd;dhh;tj;njhz;L epWtdq;fs; / xg;ge;j epWtdq;fs; nghJg;gzpj;Jiw (ePh;ts Mjhu mikg;G) Nky;epiyg; nghwpahsh;fNshLtphpthf tpthjpj;J muRj;Jiw nrayhsh;f;Fk; khz;GkpF jkpof Kjy;th; mth;fSf;Fk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpz;zg;gk;mspj;J njhlh; eltbf;iffs; vLj;jhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cj;Njr jpl;lk; nraw;gLj;jg;gl tha;g;Gz;L vd;W ek;GfpNwhk;.ml;ltiz - 1jkpo;ehl;by; ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspd; nkhj;j nfhs;ssT - Mm 31) tP^h; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 17.13 Mm 3 14) FlfdhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 12.29 Mm 32) fpU\;zfphp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 66.10 15) itif ePh;j;Njf;fk; 194.783) rhj;jD}h; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 228.91 16) kQ;rshW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 13.484) thzpahW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 11.837 17) kzpKj;jhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 156.075) nty;ypq;ld; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 73.40 18) Ngr;rpg;ghiw ePh;j;Njf;fk; 152.366) kzpKf;jhejp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 20.62 19) ngUQ;rhzp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 81.847) NfhKfp ejp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 15.86 20) rpj;jhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; - I 17.288) Nkl;^h; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 2708.79 21) rpj;jhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; - II 28.559) rpd;dhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 14.15 22) NrhiyahW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 152.7010) gthdp rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 929.00 23) guk;gpf;Fsk; ePh;j;Njf;fk; 504.6611) mkuhtjp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 114.61 24) MopahW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 109.4312) ghyhW nghue;jyhW ePh;j;Njf;fk; 43.19 25) jpU%h;j;jp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 54.8013) tujkhejp ePh;j;Njf;fk; 16.3125 mizfs; / ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspd; nkhj;jf; nfhs;ssT - 5738.15 Mm 3..... 5738.15 x 10 6 f.kPl;lh;ngwf;$ba tz;ly; kz;zpd; nfhs;ssT (@10%) - 574 x 10 6 f.kPl;lh;- 20270 x 10 6 f.mb~ 20.27 TMC‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 80 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ml;ltiz - 2jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s kpfg;nghpa ghrd Vhpfs;(3 kpy;ypad; fdkPl;lUf;F mjpfkhd nfhs;ssT nfhz;lit)t.vz;. Vhp khtl;lk;nfhs;ssT(kp.f.kP)Mafl;L(vf;Nlhpy;)1) Myf;fpuhkk; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 3.8 4932) mk;gj;J}h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 4.9 11453) MidFsk; Vhp tpUJefh; 3.0 5404) mdf;fhT+h; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 3.3 3355) MWKfkq;fyk; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 3.4 8256) mrds;spf;Fg;gk; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 3.6 3107) MjD}h; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 4.4 8998) g&h; nghpa Vhp jUkGhp 6.9 9709) nrk;guk;ghf;fk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 88.3 526910) nrWtq;fp Vhp tl Mw;fhL 5.5 70911) rpd;dk;NgL Vhp nrq;fy;gl;l 8.5 62512) $tk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 7.1 122413) jhky; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 5.0 90514) J}rpkhke;J}h; Vhp tl Mw;fhL 49.5 162615) vkNd];tuk; Vhp uhkehjGuk; 4.2 92016) Vdhj;J}h; nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 3.4 57517) fplq;fy; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 3.0 39618) Nfhy;thh;gl;b Vhp tpUJefh; 3.8 27319) fshp Vhp uhkehjGuk; 8.4 71820) fsj;J}h; nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 5.4 49121) fyit Vhp tl Mw;fhL 7.4 63322) fk;gpFb Vhp tpUJefh; 7.1 54023) fd;dpifg;Ngh; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 3.4 62524) fd;dpFsk; Vhp rptfq;if 4.9 121225) fhD}h; Vhp GJf;Nfhl;il 8.0 120726) flk;gh; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 9.6 87927) fhl;lD}h; Vhp tpUJefh; 5.0 133528) fhNthpg;ghf;fk; Vhp tl Mw;fhL 41.7 231429) ftpehLnghpaFsk; GJf;Nfhl;il 3.2 66830) nfhygy;Y}h; nghpa Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.2 21631) nfhstha; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 13.5 50332) nfhe;jif Vhp rptfq;if 4.3 72933) nfhz;ld;if `p];]h Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 8.2 55634) Nfhuk;gs;sk; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 6.5 91535) FyNrfuNghp Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.1 32936) Fd;dj;J}h; Vhp kJiu 4.4 51537) khlFsk; fz;kha; kJiu 4.7 114938) kJuhe;jfk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 7.2 115139) khdhk;gjp Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 4.5 57140) kzpkq;fyk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 6.4 841‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 81 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

t.vz;. Vhp khtl;lk;nfhs;ssT(kp.f.kP)Mafl;L(vf;Nlhpy;)41) kd;dhh; Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 5.3 78642) khNdhil Vhp (Gs;sk;ghb) jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 3.3 109743) khudhL Vhp rptfq;if 5.1 152744) kUjhL Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.0 30245) kl;lq;fy; nghpaFsk; GJf;Nfhl;il 4.9 21646) NkiyaFb Vhp uhkehjGuk; 3.0 44547) Nky; rP\kq;fyk; nghpa Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.3 28448) Nky;kiyaD}h; `p];]h Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 6.0 29949) KJFsj;J}h; Vhp uhkehjGuk; 4.6 43750) KJ}h; `p];]h Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.3 37451) Kj;JehL nghpa Vhp uhkehjGuk; 3.6 45152) ehfNtL Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.0 23553) ey;Y}h; Vhp tpUJefh; 3.1 26754) ehq;FNdhp Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.2 69755) ew;gtFb Vhp GJf;Nfhl;il 8.0 25856) Nekk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 7.3 48157) Nel;^h; Vhp rptfq;if 4.7 91858) epiyA+h; Vhp kJiu 11.7 98659) goaD}h; Vhp rptfq;if 3.2 44960) gdtay; Vhp jQ;rhT+h; 5.9 49861) guhf;fpuk ghz;bad; Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 4.2 29562) gue;J}h; nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 3.7 52463) gue;J}h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 7.6 72864) giuaq;Fsj;J}h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 8.7 84765) ngdNfhl;il Vhp uhkehjGuk; 3.4 29466) nghpafsf;fhl;^h; nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 6.6 67167) nghpa Fsk; ngz;izahW Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.3 45868) ngUkhs; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 18.3 263069) ngUq;Fsk; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 5.8 33770) nghpafsj;J}h; nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 4.4 76371) gps;isg;ghf;fk; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 3.5 41872) NghY}h; nghpa Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.9 44773) nghd;idA+h; nghpa Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 4.1 45874) nghd;Ndhp Vhp jpUr;rp 4.4 63375) G+z;b nghpa Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.0 21876) Mh;.v];.kq;fyk; nghpa Vhp rptfq;if 24.7 491477) uhkehjGuk; nghpa Vhp uhkehjGuk; 15.4 163278) uhq;fpad; Vhp rptfq;if 3.9 47279) uhrpq;fNghp Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 4.1 77280) rJg;Nghp Vhp tl Mw;fhL 5.8 55981) rf;fuf;Nfhl;il Vhp uhkehjGuk; 10.8 27582) rhypfpuhkk; Vhp uhkehjGuk; 3.8 33383) nrtyg;Nghp Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 5.0 22384) nrk;gj;J}h; nghpaFg;gk; GJf;Nfhl;il 3.9 237‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 82 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

t.vz;. Vhp khtl;lk;nfhs;ssT(kp.f.kP)Mafl;L(vf;Nlhpy;)85) nrq;fe;jp Vhp jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 4.1 54186) nrtiyNkL Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 3.4 27787) rpf;fy; Vhp uhkehjGuk; 3.3 39388) rpWfk;gpA+h; Vhp uhkehjGuk; 5.1 225189) Nrhypq;fh; Vhp tl Mw;fhL 3.5 35890) =ngUk;GJ}h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 4.9 57691) Rf;fpud; Vhp jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 5.8 207492) ija;A+h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 5.1 43793) njk;kiy tlkiy Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 4.9 52294) njq;fy; Vhp kJiu 3.0 37695) njq;fiu nghpaFsk; kJiu 3.9 58596) njd;fiu Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 7.5 109197) njd;Ndhp `p];]h Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 31.33 237198) Nj&h; Vh fd;dpahFkhp 5.2 31499) jpd;dD}h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 4.2 1111100) jpUg;Gtdk; Vhp rptfq;if 4.5 822101) cj;jpuNk&h; Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 27.2 2205102) Cj;Jf;fhL nghpa Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 7.3 503103) tlkJiu Vhp nrq;fy;gl;L 6.5 577104) tlT+h; Vhp jQ;rhT+h; 3.9 549105) tlfiu Vhp jpz;Lf;fy; 5.6 691106) thf;fil Vhp tl Mw;fhL 4.0 681107) tstD}h; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 3.1 1044108) ts;sehL Vhp GJf;Nfhl;il 3.0 537109) ts;spA+h; nghpa Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.1 530110) tz;bA+h; Vhp kJiu 3.0 390111) tPuhzk; Vhp njd; Mw;fhL 27.8 18153112) tPuhzk; Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.2 632113) NtY}h; Vhp J}j;Jf;Fb 4.5 872114) ntl;lf;Fb Vhp jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 3.9 1369115) tp[auhehazk; nghpaFsk; jpUney;Ntyp 8.8 1019116) tp];tehjNghp Vhp jpUney;Ntyp 3.1 397nkhj;jf; nfhs;ssT 857.23 Mm 3ntl;b vLf;fg;gLk; / cj;Njrpf;Fk;kz;zpd; Njhuha msT (@ 25%) -214 Mm 3 (425 x 10 6 fdkPl;lh;)~ 7.57 TMC2000 Vhpfspd; nfhs;ssT 390 TMCntl;b vLf;fg;gLk; kz;zpd; Njhuha msT (@ 25%)97.5 TMC‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 83 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Task Force on Modernisation of the Cauvery Delta Zonein the Cauvery Basin of Tamilnadu - 4 Nov 2008COST ABSTRACT FOR WORKS RS.5100 CRORESRs. in CroresSl. No. Description Cauvery vennar GAC LACS Total1. Strengthening of river banks 154.00 108.00 185.56 26.00 473.562. Strengthening and lining of theDistribution Network3. Repairs & Replacement to theStructures580.00 509.00 301.92 61.22 1452.14429.00 495.00 155.96 49.94 1129.904. Additional Structures Proposed 135.00 101.00 87.14 0.90 324.045. Reconstruction / Rehabilitation of tailend regulators7.00 43.00 - 6.30 56.306. Improvements to drainage system 190.00 168.00 - 47.54 405.547. Improvements to Vedaranyam Canal - 10.00 - - 10.008. Improving / Rehabilitation of Strightcuts- 43.00 - - 43.009. Tanks - 13.00 - 2.60 15.6010. Lift Irrigation – Rehabilitation - 13.00 - - 13.0011. Improvement to Inspection Track 111.00 43.00 - - 154.0012. Onfarm Development 89.00 89.00 40.44 1.50 219.9413. Water Users Association 51.00 51.00 22.98 1.00 125.9814. Institutional Strengthening 54.00 14.00 6.00 3.00 77.00Total 1800.00 1700.00 800.00 200.00 4500.00PROJECT ESTIMATE – ABSTRACTSl. No. Description Rs. InCrores1. Works 4500.002. Cloud Seeding 10.003. Ground Water Development and Recharge Works 10.004. Printing Records and Maintaining them 5.005. Improving Communication System including Computers and Equipments forVideo Conferencing5.006. Training and Research 10.00Total 4540.007. Establishment Charge at 10% of the cost of works 450.008. Leave & Pensionery Chrages at 12 ½% on establishment charges 56.009. Audit & accounts at 1% 45.0010. Unforeseen 9.0011. Receipt & Recoveries (-) 3.0012. Abatement of Land Revenue 3.00Grand Total 5100.00‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 84 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013








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A¬ì‚èŠªðø õ£ŒŠH¬ô. («õ‡´ñ£ù£ ªî£ì˜‰ «è£K‚¬èèœ â¿ŠH‚ ªè£‡®¼‚èô£‹.) âƒè¬÷Šªð£Áˆî ñ†®½‹ Þ å¼ ÜóCò ñ†ìˆF b˜‚èŠðì «õ‡®ò å¡ø¡-Á. Þ¼ ñ£GôŠ ªð£Pò£÷˜èÀ‹«õ÷£‡¬ñ ÜPë˜èÀ‹ ï£†´ŠðŸÁ¬ìò ªî£N¸†ð õ½ï˜èÀ‹ «ðC & ïô º®¾‚° õó «õ‡®òªî£¡Áâ¡«ø è¼A«ø£‹. ÜŠ«ð£ î£¡ õ£‚°õƒA ÜóCò °Á‚W´ Þô£ñ & Þ¼ê£ó£¼‹ & æó÷¾ñùG¬ø«õ£´ åŠ¹‚ ªè£‡´ ªêòŸð´ˆ‹ Åö à¼õ£°‹ â¡Á à‡¬ñJ«ô«ò ï‹¹A«ø£‹. â âõ£èÞ¼‰î£½‹ & ÞÁFˆ b˜ŠH îI›ï£†®Ÿ° 192 TMC î‡a˜ â¡ð º®¾ ªêŒòŠð†´œ÷. Þ‰î Ü÷¾‚°‚Ã´îô£è îI›ï£†®Ÿ° ªð¼‹ ê£îèñ£è ñ£Á‹ G¬ô¬ñ âF˜ è£ôˆF ÞQ õóõ£ŒŠH¬ô. âù«õ ï‹º¬ìò«ï£‚èªñô£‹ A¬ì‚°‹ 192 TMC î‡a¬ó ¬õˆ‚ ªè£‡´ îIöèˆF¡ °PŠð£è è£MKŠð£êùŠð°F¬ò„ Yó¬ñŠð & ªê¿¬ñŠð´ˆõ; àöõ˜èO¡ õ£›M åO«òŸÁõ & àö¾‚° àJÏ†´!àöõ˜‚° õ£›×†´! â¡ø «ï£‚A ªêòŸðì«õ‡´‹. Þ‰î„ êñòˆF & ñŸªø£¼ îõø£ù & H¬öò£ù â‡í‹ ï‹ âô£K¬ì«ò °PŠð£è ÜóCòô£÷K¬ì«ò &Üó²Š ªð£Pò£÷K¬ì«ò ð£êù‹ ªî£ì˜¹¬ìò ðôK¬ì«ò & Mõê£JèO¬ì«ò & Ü¿ˆîñ£è ðFò¬õ‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø. Þ àôè õƒA, ÝCò õ÷˜„C õƒA, ð¡ù£†´ GF GÁõù‹ ÞõŸ¬ø Ü‡®ŠH¬ö‚°‹ ÜPMòô£÷˜ & è¼ˆ¬óò£÷˜è÷£ «õ‡´ªñ¡«ø F†ìI†«ì ðô£‡´è÷£è M¬î‚èŠð†´ðóŠðŠð†´ õ‰œ÷. Þ¡Á‹ Þ‰î Í¬÷„êô¬õ ªî£ì˜‰ ªêŒòŠð†´ õ¼Aø. Üî£¡ îI›ï£´î‡a˜ŠðŸø£‚°¬ø ñ£Gô‹ â¡ð. Ý‰Fó£ & è˜ï£ìè£¬õ åŠH´‹«ð£ îI›ï£†® î‡a˜ŠðŸø£‚°¬øI°F â¡ð î£¡.ÞîŸ° ¹œO Mõóƒèœ ªîKMŠð â¡ù Ý‡´„ êó£êK ñ¬ö Ü÷¾ Þ‰Fò£ & 1170 I.e Ý‰Fó£ 908 I.e, è˜ï£ìè£ 732 I.e å†´ªñ£ˆî îI›ï£´925I.e, ªê¡¬ùJ 982 I.e, è£MK ð£êùŠð°FJ 1016 I.e. ªê¡¬ùJ (îŸ«ð£) 1461 I.e (1991&2012). Þ‰îŠ ¹œO MõóƒèOL¼‰ & îI›ï£†® õŸø£î ªðKò ïFèœ Þ¬ô«ò îMó ªðŒ»‹ ñ¬öò÷¾ ÜŠð®å¡Á‹ °¬øõ£ùî¡Á. ï‹Iì‹ Þ¼‚°‹ ð£êù‚ è†ì¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ «ñ‹ð´ˆF & ªõœ÷‚ è£ôƒèO ªð¼‹ñ¬ö ªðŒ»‹ «ð£ i«í æ® èìL èô‚°‹ î‡a¬ó„ «êIˆî£«ô ªð¼‹ CóñI¡P & ï£º‹ & î…¬êŠð£êùŠð°F ñ‚èÀ‹ Mõê£òˆ¬î õ¼õ£Œ î¼‹ ªî£Nô£è ªî£ì˜‰ ªêŒFì º®»‹. âù«õ ï‹ Í¬÷JÂœõL‰ FE‚èŠð†ì “îIöè‹ î‡a˜ŠðŸø£‚°¬ø ñ£Gô‹” â¡ø è¼ˆ îõø£ù. ïñ‚°‚ A¬ì‚°‹ñ¬öc¬ó & î‡a¬ó‚ ªè£‡´ ÜPMò º¬øJ ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ & ñ£ŸÁŠ ðJ˜èœ & ¹Fò c¬ó„«êI‚°‹ ðJ˜èœ ð£êù º¬øèœ & ð£êù‚ è†ì¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ à‡¬ñJ«ô ÜŒ‰î£‡´èO «ñ‹ð´ˆFù£ &î‡a˜ î¡Q¬ø¾ˆ îIöè‹ ê£ˆFò«ñ â¡ð¬î 10 Ý‡´èO ªï¼ƒA Mìô£‹, Þ î£¡ Ü¬ìò «õ‡®òâî£˜ˆî G¬ô¬ñ ÞîŸ° ÜóC¡ ªêòŸð£´èœ & F†ìIì & GF ºîh´èœ Iè¾‹ º‚Aòñ£ù¬õ.ð£êù‚ è†´ñ£ùƒè¬÷ & à†è†ì¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ âŠð® «ñ‹ð´ˆîô£‹ â¡ð¬î„ ²¼‚èñ£èŠ ð£˜‚èô£‹.1. ªõœ÷‚ è£ôƒèO ðò¡ð´ˆî Þòô£ñ æ® ií£è‚ èìL èô‚°‹ 259.76 TMC î‡a¬óŠ ðò¡ð´ˆ‹F†ìƒè¬÷ G¬ø«õŸÁî.2. îI›ï£†®½œ÷ c˜ˆ«î‚èƒèO 50-&100 Ý‡´è÷£è õ‰ ð®‰ ªè£œ÷¬õ °¬ø‰œ÷ õ‡ì ñí¬ô /ñ‡¬í ªõOªò´ˆ & ÞõŸP¡ c˜ «ê˜‚°‹ ªè£œ÷÷¾ˆ Fø¬ù‚ Ã†´‹ F†ìƒèœ.3. îI›ï£†® àœ÷ 39202 ãKèO & °¬ø‰î 20000 ãKèO ªè£œ÷÷¬õ (1.00 e†ì˜ ºî 1.50 e†ì˜ õ¬óÝöŠð´ˆF) & 390 TMC Þ Þ¼‰ 500 TMC ò£è àò˜ˆ‹ Üó²‚°„ ªêôMô£î F†ìƒèœ.Þîù£ ñ£Gô‹ º¿õ‹ Gôˆî® c˜ ñ†ì‹ àò˜‰Fì (ñÁ ªêP¾ Íô‹) Ý›¬÷‚ °ö£Œ‚ AíÁèOî‡a˜ áPì,,, âOF ãõ£°‹.4. CÁ CÁ î´Šð¬íèœ ñŸÁ è£MK & ªè£œOìˆF 15‚° «ñŸð†ì èîõ¬íèœ è†® & c¬ó»‹ «êIˆŠðò¡ð´ˆF & I¡ àŸðˆF ªêŒî.5. î.ï.ªð£ð ¬øJ ðEŠð¬ì (Task Force) îò£Kˆ ïõ‹ð˜ 2008 Ý‡® ÜOˆœ÷ Ï.5100/-& «è£® F†ìñFŠd†® è£MKŠð£êùŠ ð°FJ àœ÷ ð£êù‚ è†ì¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ «ñ‹ð´ˆî.6. Ý‰Fó ñ£Gô Üó² & Ï.1,85,056 «è£® F†ì ñFŠd†® 2004&05 GFò£‡´ ºî ï¬ìº¬øŠð´ˆF õ¼‹üôò‚ë‹ (J ala Yagnam) F†ì‹ «ð£ô (ÞˆF†ìˆFŸ°Kò F†ì„ ªêôM 50%‚° «ñ«ô ñˆFò ÜóC¡ GFàîMJ ªêŒòŠðÁ¡øù) îI› ï£†®½‹ 10 Ý‡´èO ªêòŸð´ˆîˆ î‚è õ¬èJ Ï.1.00 ô†ê‹ «è£®F†ì ñFŠd†® ªð£Pë˜. Ü.ióŠð¡, (º¡ù£œ CøŠ¹ˆ î¬ô¬ñŠ ªð£Pò£÷˜ î.ï£.ªð£ð) Üõ˜èœ îò£KˆÜOˆœ÷ F†ìˆF¬ù‚ è¼Fˆ î‚è ñ£Ÿøƒè«÷£´ ªêòŸð´ˆîô£‹. ÞîŸ° ð¡ù£†´ GF GÁõùƒèOì‹èì¡ õ£ƒè£ñ & ï‹ Þ‰Fò ï£†´ NABARD (National Agricultural Bank for Rural Development) õƒAJì‹Gð‰î¬ùòŸø c‡ì è£ô‚ èì¡ ªðøô£‹ ²òGFˆ F†ìƒèÀ‹ b†ìŠªðŸÁ & õô¬ñ ªðŸø ïôõ˜èO¡ªð£ÁŠH G¬ø«õŸøô£‹.7. Þ¬õ îMó îI›ï£´ ªð£ŠðEˆ¬ø Íˆîªð£Pò£÷˜èœ î…¬ê Dr.R.ðó‰î£ñ¡ ñŸÁ‹ F¼õóƒèÊr.N.ïìó£ê¡ ÝA«ò£K¡ è¼ˆ¬óè¬÷ Ý‚èŠÌ˜õñ£ù F†ìƒè÷£è‚ °PŠH†ì è£ô õó‹HŸ°œ G¬ø«õŸPì«õ‡´‹, ÞõŸ¬ø MKõ£è M÷‚°‹ ªð£PJJ è†´¬óèœ Ã´î îèõè÷£èˆ îóŠð†´œ÷ù.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 94 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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flypy; tPzha; jz;zPiuf; fyf;fyhkh‚fLk; twl;rpiaj; jzpf;fyhNk‚ePz;l ehl;fshfNt nghwpQh;. rp.v];.Fg;Guh[;> Kjngh mth;fs; 4 my;yJ 5 Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw jkpo;ehl;by;ngUkio nga;J nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. mf;fhyq;fspy; fhtphp kw;Wk; jhkpuguzp MWfspypUe;J Vuhskhdnts;sePh; gad;gLj;jhky; Xb tPNz flyypy; fyf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa nts;sf;fhy kpFjp ePiu gad;gLj;jplj;Njitahd jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;b tpiue;J nraw;gLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlh;e;J typAWj;jp te;jhh;. Mdhy;jkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw jiyikg; nghwpahsh;fs; nghwpQh;. M.NkhfdfpU\;zd; cl;gl jkpo;ehl;by;Mw;WePhpy; 98% tpOf;fhl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp tpl;Nlhk;. vdNt ,jpy; Nrkpj;jpl toptif ,yiynad;W njhlh;e;Jnjhptpj;J te;jdh;. vdpDk; 2000 Mz;by; jkpo;ehL muR Xa;T ngw;w Kd;dhs; nghJg;gzpj;Jiw muRj; nrayhsh;jpU.T.S.tp[auhftd;> IAS jiyikapy; xU nghwpapay; ty;Yeh; FOit epakpj;J 4 my;yJ 5Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw ngUkio nga;J nts;sk; Vw;gLk; NghJ jkpof MWfspypUe;J kpQ;rp Xb tPNz flypy;fyf;Fk; nts;s ePhpd; msTfs; vit? mtw;iw jkpo;ehl;bd; ghrdk; kw;Wk; FbePh; toq;fYf;Fk; epyj;jb ePiukPz;Lk; nrwpT+l;Ltjw;Fk; vg;gbg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;gijf; fUj;Jiuf;FkhW Nfl;lJ.me;j ty;Yeh; FOtph; Er.rp.v];.Fg;Guh[;> Er.M.Nkhfd fpU\;zd;> epyePh; gphptpd; rhh;ghf Er.m.tPug;gd; kw;Wk;ePh;ts mikg;gpd; ehd;F jiyikg;nghwpahsh;fs; cWg;gpdh;fshf nraw;gl;ldh;. Jiwapd; %ykhf nts;sf;fhyq;fspy; vr;rkhf Xb flypy; tPNz fye;jpLk; nts;sePhpd; cz;ikapy; ,e;j msT 300 bvk;rpf;Ff;$LjyhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,J 4 my;yJ 5 Mz;LfSf;F xUKiwNa epfo;fpwJ.jkpo;ehl;by; ePNuhl;lk; chpahf cs;s gLiffs;t.vz;.gLifapd; ngah;nga;Ak;ruhrhpkiomsTkP.kP.gLifapd;gug;Gr.fp.kPl;lh;fzf;fPl;bd;gb fpilf;Fk;ePh;M.kp.f.mbcghpahFk;ePh;M.kp.f.mbFwpg;G1. nrd;idnfhrj;jiyahW1215 5524 31.4 6.4 efh; gFjp vd;gjhy; fopKfgFjpapy;cgNahfpf;f ,ayhj fopTePuhf cs;sJ.2. ghyhW 1165 10656 76.8 24.4 ghrd tha;f;fhy;fspd; nfhs;ssit$l;lTk; Vhpfis J}h;thuTk; Ntz;Lk;.3. tuhf ejp 1137 3619 10.6 6.1 nfhs;ssit $l;b fypq;Ffiscah;j;jp fl;l Ntz;Lk; Ma;T nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.4. nghd;dpahW 857 12133 57.9 26.4 epYitapYs;s jpl;lq;fs;nray;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.5. gutdhW ---- ---- --- 12.10 Gjpa ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; fl;lyhk; MWf@h;nghpa Vhp tha;f;fhy; jpl;lk; %yk; 25Vhpfs; epug;g Ntz;Lk;.6. nts;shW 842 8540 59.1 41.20 njhOJ}h; mizapypUe;J nty;ypq;ld;Vhpf;F nry;Yk; toq;F tha;f;fhiymfyK;> MoKk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. GjpaePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.7. fhNthp 1000 44016 249.5 103.56 fhNthpapYk;> nfhs;splj;jpYk;MWfspYk; nghpa ‘V” tFg;Gfhy;tha;fspYk; NgNu[; kw;Wk;nuFNyl;lh;fs; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.8. mf;dpahW 911 1875 7.9 1.80 miz kw;Wk; tha;f;fhy;fs; Ngzg;glNtz;Lk; ePNuhl;lk; mjpfg;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 97 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

t.vz;.gLifapd; ngah;nga;Ak;ruhrhpkiomsTkP.kP.gLifapd;gug;Gr.fp.kPl;lh;fzf;fPl;bd;gb fpilf;Fk;ePh;M.kp.f.mbcghpahFk;ePh;M.kp.f.mbFwpg;G9. itif 827 7031 44.9 7.00 nuFNyl;lh;fis caukhdNgNu[;fshfTk;> fhy;tha;fisAk;rPuikj;J nfhs;ssit mtrpak; $l;lNtz;Lk;.10. Fz;lhW 812 3510 12.1 1.80 ghrd fhy;tha;fspd; nfhs;sstpidcah;j;jyhk;11. itg;ghW 905 3100 110 5.00 mizfspd; ghrd fhy;tha;fs;nfhs;sit cah;j;jyhk;.12. jhkpuguzp 889 5969 60.3 24.00 ,jd; cgejpfspd; mizf;fl;LfSk;>VhpfSk; rPuikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. tuj;Jtha;f;fhy;fspd; nfhs;ssT cah;j;jg;glNtz;Lk;.Mfnkhj;jk; 259.76 (m) 260.00 Mapuk; kpy;ypad; fd mbfs;jkpo;ehl;bd; ePh;tsk; Fwpj;J tphpthf Muha;e;j jkpo;ehL murhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l epGzh; FOthy; muRf;Fr;rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ma;twpf;ifapd;gb 260 Mapuk; kp.f.mb ePh; (jkpo;ehl;by; fhNthpg; gLifapypUe;J fpilf;Fk;nkhj;j ePhpd; msit tpl mjpfk;) kio fhyj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;s tha;g;gpd;ikapdhy; gad;gLj;jg;glhkYk;cgNahfg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ,ayhkYk; tPzhff; flypy; nrd;W fyg;gjhfj; njhptpf;fpwJ.fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ Er.M.NkhfdfpU\;zd; kw;Wk; midj;Jj; jiyikg; nghWg;ghsh;fSk; ,e;j nts;sePiujLj;J Nrkpj;J gad;gLj;jj; Njitg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;gpd; nkhj;jr; nryT Benefit Cost Ratio kpff; Fiwthf,Uf;Fk;. ghrd fl;likg;Gfl;F 75% ek;gfj; jd;ikapy; ePh; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ,it rhj;jpag;glhjit vd;W Jiwtopfhl;b newpfis njhptpj;jdh;. Er.rp.v];.Fg;Guh[; & Er.m.tPug;gd; ,UtUk; ,j;jifa nts;sj;jLg;G - ePiur;Nrkpf;Fk; ghrdg; gzpfl;F Benefit Cost Ratio ghh;f;ff; $lhJ 25% ek;gfj;jd;ikapYk; ePiug; gad;gLj;jplNtz;Lk;. (Vndd;why; nts;sr; Nrjq;fs;. gaphpog;G> ,og;gPL> epythp js;Sgb> epthuzg; gzpfs; ,tw;iwnay;yhk;fzf;fpl;lhy;) epiwthf Dr.T.S.tp[auhftd;> jkpo;ehl;bd; eyk; fUjp - Benefit cost Ratio ghh;f;fhky; 25%ek;gfj;jd;ikapy; ghrdg; ghJfhg;G fl;likg;Gfis epiwNtw;wpl muR Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W ghpe;Jiu mspj;jhh;.(mtUf;F ek; ghuhl;L ed;wpAk;).Mz;L epjpepiy rl;lkd;w $l;lj; njhlhpd; NghJ 17.04.2013 md;W fle;j nghJg;gzpj;Jiw epjpepiymwpf;ifapy; - ,j;jifa kpr;r ePiug; gad;gLj;jpl fPo;f;fz;l jpl;lq;fs; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,itnay;yhk;jkpofj;jpYs;s MWfis ,izf;Fk; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpNa.ngz;izahW - ghyhW ,izg;G - &.250 Nfhb jpl;lkjpg;gPL rhj;jD}h; mizapypUe;J 3.50bvk;rp jz;zPiu23.55 fp.kP njhiyT fhy;tha; %ykhf nfhz;L nrd;W 46069 Vf;fh; epyq;fis (jpUtz;zhkiy> jz;luhk;gl;L>nrq;fk;> Ngh@h;> te;jthrp kw;Wk; nrQ;rp gFjpapYs;sit).ngz;izahW - nra;ahW - fhy;tha; - Myj;J}h; mizf;fl;by; Ngha;r; NrUk; ngz;izahw;wpd; FWf;Nf cs;sneLq;fy; mizf;fl;bypUe;J - fhy;tha; %ykhf - ghyhw;wpd; Jiz ejpahd (fy;thW JhpQ;ryhW kw;Wk; ee;jd;fhy;tha; - 3.50> 38.72 fp.kP TMC - 46049 Acres (jkpof muR epjp nfhz;Nl) ,J NWDA Njrpa ePh;ts epWtdk;(Kfik) ghpe;Jiuj;Js;s jpl;lk;. ghyhW tbepyg; gFjpfspy; 29319 Vf;fh;fs; - epyePh; nrwpT nra;aTk;. Nkl;^h; mizapypUe;J - rugq;fh ejp - fPuk;G+h; Vhp tiu - 182 fp.kP. - &.1134 Nfhb 2 bvk;rp jz;zPh; jpUg;gy; -30400 Vf;fh; epyq;fs; (Nryk;> ehkf;fy;> nguk;gY}h;> jpUr;rp khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s) gadilAk;. NkYk; rpy tptuq;fs;.jpl;lk; kw;Wk; tbtikg;G Nfhl;lk;> Nryk; jpl;l cUthf;f tl;lk;> Nryk; mth;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 98 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Nkl;^h; mizapy; kpifePh; tope;Njhba Mz;Lfs; (1939-2009)t.vz;.Mz;LkpifePh; msT(bvk;rp)tope;Njhbaehl;fs;t.vz;.Mz;LkpifePh;msT(bvk;rp)1. 1936 144.887 18 23. 1970 17.386 82. 1937 13.225 10 24. 197224 12.83 153. 1938 7.808 9 25. 1975 108.759 574. 1939 37.403 45 26. 1977 49.547 545. 1940 102.543 57 27. 1978 24.48 206. 1941 54.331 20 28. 1979 22.371 347. 1942 148.839 21 29. 1980 98.847 168. 1943 179.082 36 30. 1981 98.388 659. 1946 143.998 64 31. 1991 37.647 3610. 1947 32.629 14 32. 1992 53.571 3811. 1948 47.653 27 33. 1994 47.888 3112. 1950 34.969 18 34. 1997 21.863 2813. 1953 79.782 32 35. 1999 19.153 2314. 1954 64.815 26 36. 2000 82.923 3115. 1956 180.02 72 37. 2005 142.513 8116. 1957 28.753 11 38. 2006 6.612 517. 1958 36.688 25 39. 2007 74.582 4718. 1959 186.148 58 40. 2008 - -19. 1961 321.062 56 41. 2009 - -20. 1962 83.139 34 42. 2010 12.005 2721. 1964 146.629 79 43. 2011 - -22. 1966 31.652 23 44. 2012 - -40 Mz;Lfspy; tope;Njhba kpif ePh;.. 3025 bvk;rp ,jd; Mz;L ruhrhp ..75 bvk;rp,jDila ,izg;Gf; fhy;thapid ma;e;J gFjpfshfr; nraw;gLj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.tope;Njhbaehl;fs;gFjp gFjpj; njhlf;fKk; KbTk; fhy;tha;ePsk;(fp.kP)fhy;thapd; ePh;f;nfhs;ssT(fdmb/ nehbf;F)fPo; mfyk;kPl;lhpy;gFjp 1 Nkl;^h; vy;yp]; Nrby; kpif ePh;tope;NjhbapypUe;J rugq;fh ejptiu39.975 2860.00 23.00 kPgFjp 2 rugq;fhtpypUe;J jpUkzp Kj;jhW tiu 24.270 2650.67 21.20 kPgFjp 3jpUkzp Kj;jhWtpypUe;J fhiu nghl;ldhWtiu45.905 2336.69 18.70 kPgFjp 4 fhiu nghl;ldhwpypUe;J ma;ahW tiu 43.775 1382.73 11.00 kPgFjp 5 ma;ahw;wpypUe;J khtbahW tiu 27.80 650.28 5.50 kPnkhj;jk; 181.725 fp.kP‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 99 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 100 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013Nkl;^h; miz – ma;ahW ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha;

Nkl;^h; ePh;j;Njf;fk; - 1925-1934... 93.470 TMC (2646.75 Mm 3 ) ruhrhp kiog; nghopT - 800 Kjy; 900 kpkP 1936 Kjy; 2007 tiu (40 Mz;Lfs;) Nkl;^h; mizapypUe;J kpiftop ePuhf tope;Njhba msT... 3025 bvk;rp (39jlitfs;) Xu; Mz;L ruhrhp 75 bvk;rp Fwpg;ghf> jtwhJ xt;nthU ehyhz;Lf;nfhU Kiw kpiftop ePh;nts;skhf XbAs;sJ njspthfpwJ. vdNt Dr.T.S.tp[auhftd; ty;Yeh;FO (2000-01) fUj;Jiuapd;gb /ghpe;Jiuapd;gb> xU 5 bvk;rp kpF nts;sePiu Nkl;^h; -vy;yp]; Nrby; tope;Njhbapy; (Ellis Saddle Surplus) ,Ue;JxU jpwe;j fhy;tha; thapyhf 2860 fdmb ePiuj; jpUg;gp - 182 fp.kP njhiyTf;F fhy;tha; ntl;b - topapYs;sVupfs; / fz;kha;fl;F Njitf;Nfw;g gpupj;J toq;fp - ,Wjpapy; jpUr;rp / nguk;gY}h; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s fPuk;G+u;Vupapy; KbTWfpwJ. ,jd; kpiftopePh; - ma;ahW %ykhf kPz;Lk; fhtphpapNyNa fyf;fpwJ.topfhl;b tiuglk;,jd;%yk; 79 rpW rpW mizf;fl;Lfs;> 127 Vhpfs; kw;Wk; 25 Fl;ilfs; nts;sePiug; ngWk;. mjd; thapyhfepyj;jb ePh; nrwpT+l;lg;gl;L 6076 fpzWfs; gad;ngWk;. nkhj;jkhf 19585 vf;Nlh; (48395 Vf;fh;) tpis epyq;fs;gad;ngWk;.mjd; ePl;rpahfNt... fhtphp ejpapy; 4 Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw kpr;rkhff; fpilf;Fk; 100 bvk;rp jz;zPhpy; 7 TMCmsTf;Fj; jpUg;gp... jpwe;j fhy;tha; topahf 258 fp.kP. ePsk; nfhz;L nrd;W itif ejpiaAk; gpd;dh;mjdUfpYs;s Fz;lhw;wpy; ,izj;jpLk; jpl;lk; jw;NghJ nraw;gLj;j vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; Kjw;fl;lkhf - fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf khaD}hpy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s fl;lis gLif mizapypUe;J --ePiuj;jpUg;gf; fl;Lkhd Ntiyfs; &.234 Nfhb kjpg;gPl;by; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpd; rpy tptuq;fs; -mf;dpahW> njw;Fnts;shW> kzpKj;jhW - itif kw;Wk; Fz;lhW DPR - &.5166 Nfhbfs; with central fundingunder flood.Fz;lhW ePh;j;Njf;fk;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 101 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

f&h; khtl;lk;> fpU\;zuhaGuk; tl;lk;> khaD}h; fpuhkj;jpy; fhtphp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf jw;NghJs;sfl;lis gLf;if mizapd; fPo;Gwk; 250 kPl;lhpy; Gjpjhf fjtiz fl;Lk; gzp gw;wpa mwpf;ifmurhiz vz;.116 nghg (vz;.2) Jiw> ehs;.09.05.2008y; f&h; khtl;lk;> fpU\;zuhaGuk; tl;lk;> khaD}h;fpuhkj;jpy; fhtphp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf jw;NghJs;s fl;lis gLf;if mizapd; fPo;Gwk; 250 kPl;lhpy; Gjpjhffjtiz fl;Lk; gzpf;F &.165.00 Nfhbf;F muR eph;thf xg;Gjy; toq;fpaJ. ,jidaLj;J muR Miz vz;.29>nghg (vz;.2) Jiw> ehs;.05.02.2009y; &.189.00 Nfhbf;F ,g;gzpf;F jpUj;jpa eph;thf xg;Gjy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.gpd;G muR Miz vz;.83> nghgJ> ehs;.19.04.2012,y; &.234.00 Nfhbf;F jpUj;jpa kjpg;gPL eph;thf xg;Gjy;ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.jpl;lg;gzpapd; Nehf;fk; :m) fl;lis gLf;if mizapypUe;J gphpe;J nry;yf;$ba 4 ghrd fhy;tha;fspd; ePh; eph;thfj;ij Nkk;gLj;jpKiwg;gLj;j Gjpjhf fl;lg;glTs;s fjtiz cjtpfukhf ,Uf;Fk;.M) gUt fhyq;fspy; 1.04 b.vk;.rp ePiu Njf;fp itf;f ,aYk;.,) Gjpjhf mikf;fTs;s ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha;fs; %ykhf mf;dpahW njw;F nts;shW> kzpKj;jhW> itif kw;Wk;Fz;lhW Mfpa khepyq;fSf;Fs; ghAk; rpw;whWfspd; ePiu ,izf;Fk;NghJ 5.4 b.vk;.rp ePiu fhtphpapd; nts;sf;fhyq;fspy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. ePh; kl;l cauk; 4.90kP MFk;. ,f;fjtizapy; nkhj;jk; 86 ePh; Nghf;fpfs;kw;Wk; 12 kzw;Nghf;fpfSk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk; ,f;fjtizapy; 4>63>000 f.mb ePh; tpdhbf;FntspNaWk;> tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nkhj;j jpl;l kjpg;gPl;by; fjtizapd; kjpg;G &.96 NfhbahFk;.\l;lh;fs; : fjtizf;fhd \l;lh; fjTfs; 11kP x 4.90kP mstpw;F 86 fjTfs; kw;Wk; 12 kzw;Nghf;fpfSf;fhd\l;lh; fjTfs; 11kP x 5.50 kP mstpw;F tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. nkhj;j jpl;l kjpg;gPl;by; \l;lh; fjTfSf;F&.62.00 NfhbahFk;.,Utop ghyk; : fhtphp Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuiaAk; ,lJ fiuiaAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapYk; ,UGwKk; cs;sfpuhkq;fSf;F nkhj;jk; 45 fp.kP J}uj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapYk; ,Utopg;ghyk; mika cs;sJ. ,jd; kjpg;G&.16.00 NfhbahFk;.,j;jpl;lq;fspd; jpUj;jpa nkhj;j kjpg;G &.234.00 NfhbahFk;.ePhpay; tpguq;fs; :fjtiz :jskl;lk; : +96.300ePh;Nghf;fpfs;: 86 vz;fs;\l;lh; fjTfs;: 11.00 x 4.90 kPePh;kl;l cauk;: 4.90 kPNkw;Gw jiukl;lk; : +95.700fPo;Gw jiukl;lk; : +95.400mjpfgl;r ePh; ntspNaw;wk; : 3>97>497 f.mb/tpdhbf;Fkzw;Nghf;fp :jskl;lk; : +95.700ePh;Nghf;fpfs;: 12 vz;fs;\l;lh; fjTfs;: 11.00 x 5.50 kPNkw;Gw jiukl;lk; : +95.700fPo;Gw jiukl;lk; : +95.700mjpfgl;r ePh; ntspNaw;wk; : 65>513 f.mb/tpdhbf;FKd;Gw mjpfgl;r ePh;kl;lk; : +100.790gpd;Gw mjpfgl;r ePh;kl;lk; : +100.120‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 102 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013



khaD}h; Gjpjhf fjtiz fl;Lk; gzpkhaD}h; fjtiz - ,Utop ghyk; fl;Lk; gzp‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 105 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

jz;zPh; jd;dpiwTj; jkpofk; - rhj;jpaNk.jkpo;ehl;L ePh;tsq;fisg; Ngzp Nkk;gLj;jy; -ngUe;jpl;lq;fs;nghwpQh;. m.tPug;gd;> ME (Struct), FIE, MICI, Dip LL&ALKd;dhs; rpwg;Gj; jiyikg; nghwpahsh;> jkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw & ,e;ehs; tbtikg;G ty;Yeh;jkpo;ehL xU ePh;tsg; gw;whf;Fiw khepyk; vd;gJ rhpah?• fpilf;Fk; ePh;tsq;fs; gug;gstpy; 4% ePh;tsj;jpy; 3%• 34 Mw;Wg;gLiffs;• Mz;L ruhrhp kioasT - (179 + 307 + 439) - 925 kp.kP• cyf ruhrhp 840 kpkp.> ,e;jpa ruhrhp 1170 kpkP• mhpahdh - 617 kpkP gQ;rhg; 649 kpkP> ,uh[];jhd; 675 kpkP> Me;jpuh 908 kp.kP> fh;ehlfh - 732 kp.kP.• nkhj;jk; fpilf;Fk; Mw;WePh; : 833.4 TMC• fhtphpg;gLif : 249.60 TMC• eLj;jukhdit : 362.60 TMC• rpwpa gLiffs; : 221.20 TMC• 2020,y; Njitg;gLk; ePhpd; msT : 1260 TMC• ,d;Ws;s mizf;fl;Lfs; ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; fpilf;Fk; msT : 243 TMC• MWfspypUe;J fpilf;fg; ngWk; ePhpd; msT : 833.40 TMC• epyj;jb ePh; thapyhfg; ngWk; msT : 425 TMC• jkpo;ehl;bYs;s Vhpfs; / fz;kha;fs; : 39202• nghJg;gzpj;Jiw Vhpfs; : 8903• thdk; ghh;j;j Vhpfs; : 9886 18789 Under PWD• gQ;rhaj;J Vhpfs; : 20413• ,tw;wpy; fpilf;Fk; ePh;ts msT : 390 TMC3 kpy;ypad; fdkPl;lUf;F Nky; nfhs;ssT nfhz;l 100 Vhpfs; khngUk; fpzWfs; mikj;jy;(10kP - 30kPl;lh; tpl;lKk; - 20 TMC 10 kPl;lh; MoKk;): 150 TMCjkpo;ehL vg;gb gw;whf;Fiw khepykhdJ?i. fhtphpapy; jLf;fg;gl;l msTii. ghyhw;wpy; Fiwf;fg;gl;l msTiii. Ky;iy nghpahw;wpy; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJiv. njhopw;rhiyfl;F toq;fg;gl;lJv. epyj;jb ePiu cwpQ;r gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSf;F mDkjpvi. tz;ly; gbe;J Nkbl;likahy; Neh;e;j FiwtsTvii. Mf;fpukpg;Gfshy; ,oe;jit• mizf;fl;Lfs; / ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs;• fz;kha;fs; / Vhpfs;viii. nts;sf;fhyq;fspy; tPNz Xb flypy; fyf;Fk; msT : 260 TMC (25% ek;gfj;jd;ik)‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 106 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

• nghpjhf epidg;Nghk;> kpfr; rhpahf jpl;lkpLNthk;. ek;gpf;ifNahL nray;gLNthk;• tpiuthf / FWf;fPL,d;wp epiwNtw;WNthk;.Me;jpuh khepyk; - xU ey;y Kd;Ndhb (Model)• [yaf;Qk; jpl;lk; - 2004 Kjy; 2014 tiu 100 ,yl;rk; Vf;fhpy; ghrd trjpia Nkk;gLj;jy;• jpl;l kjpg;gPL : &.1>86>056 Nfhb• 2010-2011 tiu nryT : &. 70000 Nfhb• 40 MWfspd;• Mw;W ePh; ,Ug;G : 2765 TMC gad;ghL 1764 TMC (64%)• Cw;W ePh; ,Ug;G : 1074 TMC gad;ghL 458 TMC (43%)• flypy; tPNz fyf;Fk; ePhpy; msT : 4000 TMCjpl;lq;fs; :• FbePh; toq;fy; : 6310 Ch;fl;F : 65 TMC: efug;gFjpfl;F : 95 TMC: njhopw;rhiyfl;F : 29 TMC• 31 ePh; ,iwg;G ghrdj;jpl;lq;fs; - 62.83 ,yl;rk; Vf;fh;f;F - &.1>19>185 Nfhb• 670 fp.kP ePs Mw;wq;fiufis tYg;gLj;jy; : &.2313 Nfhb• Mw;Wf; fhy;tha;fis mfTiu (Lining) nra;jy; : &.15000 Nfhb• kj;jpa murpd; epjpAjtpNahL AIBP jpl;lq;fs; : &.5632.58 Nfhb• gpujk ke;jphp epjp cjtpNahL 15 jpl;lq;fs; : &.4015 Nfhb(Prime Minister Relief Package (PMRP)• Njrpa ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;1) ,e;jpuh rhfh; Nghyhtuk; jpl;lk; - flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfs; : &.16010 Nfhb2) lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; - gpuefplh - nry;t R[hyh rpuhte;jpj; jpl;lk; : &.1120 Nfhb(,jd; %yk; 160 TMC epiw gpujpeplh Mw;wpypUe;Jk;20 TMC ePiu NfhjhthpapypUe;Jk; jpUg;gp gpw gFjpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jy;)• Me;jpu mizf;fl;Lfis tYg;gLj;jy; (kj;jpa muR cjtp) : &.900 Nfhbjkpo;ehl;L ePh;tsj;ij Nkk;gLj;j 10/15 Mz;L ngUe; jpl;lq;fs;:jpl;l kj;pg;gPL: & 1,00,000 Nfhb• tPzhFk; nts;sePiur; Nrkpj;jy; / gad;gLj;jy; : & 5000 Nfhb• Vhpfs; / fz;kha;fspd; nfhs;ssitf; $l;b ghrd Kiwfisr; rPuikj;jy; : & 15000 Nfhb• ghrdf; fhy;tha;fis / tha;f;fhy;fis Nkk;gLj;jp - rPuikj;jy; : & 25000 Nfhb• epyj;jb ePiu Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;j;pf; fhj;jy; : & 1000 Nfhb• mizf;fl;Lfis / ePh;j;Njf;fq;fis typikg;gLj;jy; nfhs;sstpidf; $l;Ljy; 574 x 10 6 f.kP‣ fiuapid cah;j;jy;‣ tz;ly; gbitj; J}nuLj;jy; 425 x 10 6 f.kP : & 2000 Nfhb• jLg;gizfs; / rpw;wizfs; fl;Ljy; : & 10000 Nfhb• ePNuw;Wj; jpl;lq;fis tbtikj;Jr; nraw;gLj;jy; : & 30000 Nfhb• kio ePiu vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; Nrkpj;jy; : & 1000 Nfhb‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 107 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

• gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSf;Fj; jz;zPiu tpw;ff; $lhJ• gpw khepyq;fspypUe;J cghp ePiu gz;lkhw;W Kiwapy; ngWjy; : & 1000 Nfhb• ngUe;jpl;lq;fSf;F epjpia cUthf;fy;• cyf tq;fp (WB) / Mrpa tsh;r;rp tq;fp (ADB) / gd;dhl;L epjp epWtdk; (IMF) - ,tw;iwj; jtph;j;jy;.• ,e;jpa NABARD tq;fpia mZfp epjp ngwy;• ,e;jpa muR mspf;Fk; gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspd; topahfg; NghJkhd epjpiag; ngWjy;i) Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Missionii)iii)iv)Dam Safety – StrengtheningResettlement & Rehabilitation PolicyNational Irrigation Projectsv) Flood Relief Measures & AIBP Schemesvi)vii)SMIP ProjectsGround water Recharge Schemes• ,e;jpa epWtdq;fs; / NGOfSld; ,ize;J $l;L Kaw;rp (Joint Venture) nra;J kf;fsplkpUe;Nj epjp ngwj;jpl;lq;fs;• tpiyapy;yh (,ytr) jpl;lg; gzpfisf; fl;Lf;Fs; itg;Nghk; - Mf;f G+h;tkhd ghrdj; jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPLnra;Nthk;.jkpo;ehl;bYs;s tbepyq;fs; thhpahf ePh;tuj;J tptuk;t.vz;.tbepyj;jpd; ngah;tbepyg;gug;G(r.fp.kP)njd;Nkw;FgUtk; (kp.f.kP)vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; ePh;tuj;Jtl fpof;FgUtk; (kp.f.kP)(kp.f.kP)(bvk;rp)(M.kp.f.mb)1. nghpa tbepyk;1. fhNthp 44015.76 3486.38 3580.92 7067.30 249.62. eLj;ju tbepyq;fs;1. ghyhW 12125.00 1076.98 1096.34 2173.32 76.82. ngz;izahW3. kyl;lhW 10457.00 846.22 794.22 1540.44 57.94. nts;shW (tlf;F) 10196.61 783.14 891.82 1574.96 59.15. itif 7039.65 533.89 738.72 1272.61 44.96. jhkpuguzp 5969.00 567.71 1139.08 1706.79 60.37. nfhrj;jiyahW 3754.90 250.34 312.13 562.47 19.98. Fz;lhW 3510.21 120.52 221.96 342.48 12.19. itg;ghW 3099.88 74.21 235.87 310.08 11.010. kzpKj;jhW 2863.60 156.18 198.90 365.08 12.911. Nfhl;lf;fiuahW 2155.90 81.13 137.41 218.54 7.73. rpwpa tbepyq;fs;1. tuh$ ejp 1936.75 133.58 165.33 298.91 10.62. nts;shW (njw;F) 1931.55 104.23 124.91 229.14 8.13. mf;dpahW 1875.18 94.20 131.30 225.50 7.94. Xq;$uhW 1615.85 97.67 147.99 245.66 8.75. nfhY}tdhW 1360.79 61.73 84.42 146.15 5.26. Nfhug;gs;skhW 1206.40 21.73 130.71 152.44 5.47. cj;juNfhrkq;ifah 901.70 14.79 55.21 70.00 2.5W8. Ntk;ghW 891.50 17.44 47.37 64.81 2.39. fhuhkizahW 857.60 11.93 79.01 90.94 3.210. milahW 857.30 42.93 70.66 113.59 4.0‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 108 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

t.vz;.tbepyj;jpd; ngah;tbepyg;gug;G(r.fp.kP)njd;Nkw;FgUtk; (kp.f.kP)vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; ePh;tuj;Jtl fpof;FgUtk; (kp.f.kP)(kp.f.kP)(bvk;rp)(M.kp.f.mb)11. ek;gpahW 842.90 36.09 99.79 135.88 4.812. NfhijahW 809.15 273.10 230.59 503.69 17.813. fbyk; 800.00 40.07 54.18 94.25 3.314. MuzpahW 762.88 40.58 74.20 114.78 4.115. mk;GypahW 759.70 31.25 53.50 84.75 3.016. $tk; 682.03 40.52 55.36 95.88 3.417. fy;yhW 672.40 10.86 39.72 50.58 1.818. ghk;ghW 535.50 23.70 37.57 61.27 2.219. gothW 515.48 87.36 94.23 181.59 9.420. mDkejp 421.50 42.26 68.75 111.01 3.921. ts;spahW 352.12 57.85 59.02 116.87 4.14. Nkw;F Nehf;fp ghAk; 4097.52MWfs;nkhj;j ePh;tuj;J 11623..37 11974.46 23597.84 833.4nkhj;j ePh;tuj;J - Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; ghAk; ejpfspd; ePNuhl;lj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J - 50% ek;gfj;jd;ikapy; fpilg;gJ 833.40Mapuk; kpy;ypad; fd mbfs; jhd;.jw;rkak; MWfspd; ePNuhl;lk;. epyj;jb ePh; ngUkstpy; vLf;fg;gLtjhy; 15% Kjy; 20% Fiwe;J tpl;lJ vdfz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.jkpo;ehl;by; khtl;l thhpahf Vhpfspd; tpguk;Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpd; nghWg;gpy; nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; nghWg;gpy;t.vz; khtl;lj;jpd; ngah; 20Mw;wg; ghrdk;20-40Kd;dhs;n`f;Fk;kw;Wk; mizj;n`. tiu nkhj;jk; Vhpfs;nkhj;jk; [kPd;Fiwthfhjpl;lj;jpd;Maf;fl;LVhpfs;Maf;fl;L%yk;nkhj;jk;1 jpUts;@h;nrq;fy;gl;L.fhQ;rpGuk;2. NtY}h;>jpUtz;zhkiy1241 542 1783 122 5 1207 756 37461482 602 2084 632 537 1169 482 37353. flY}h;> tpOg;Guk; 1213 553 1766 573 184 757 79 26024. Nryk;> ehkf;fy; 449 100 549 188 - 188 - 7375. jh;kGhp> fpU\;zfphp 1451 128 1579 98 3 101 154 18346. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; ehfg;gl;bdk;>jpUth&h;338 153 491 5 680 685 - 11768.9.GJf;Nfhl;iljpUr;rp>nguk;gY}h;f&h;>4609 725 5334 542 246 788 272 639410. kJiu> jpz;Lf;fy;>Njdp11. uhkehjGuk;>tpUJefh;>3142 249 3391 288 483 771 331 4493542 591 1333 1378 130 1508 7367 10206‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 109 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpd; nghWg;gpy; nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; nghWg;gpy;t.vz; khtl;lj;jpd; ngah; 20Mw;wg; ghrdk;20-40Kd;dhs;n`f;Fk;kw;Wk; mizj;n`. tiu nkhj;jk; Vhpfs;nkhj;jk; [kPd;Fiwthfhjpl;lj;jpd;Maf;fl;LVhpfs;Maf;fl;L%yk;rptfq;ifnkhj;jk;12. jpUney;NtypJ}j;Jf;Fb806 159 965 289 397 686 445 209613. fd;dpahFkhp 1062 12 1074 24 960 984 - 205814. ePyfphp - - - - - - - -15. nrd;id - - - - - - - -nkhj;jk; 16477 3936 20413 5276 3627 8903 9886 39202*40 n`f;lUf;Fk; Fiwthd ghrdg; gug;G nfhz;l VhpfSk; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.1. Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpd; nghWg;gpy; cs;s Vhpfs; 204132. nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; nghWg;gpy; cs;s Vhpfs; 89033. Kd;dhs; [kPd; nghWg;gpypUe;J Vhpfs; (now PWD) 9886nkhj;jk; 39>202jkpo;ehl;L MWfspypUe;J flypy; fyf;Fk; nts;s ePusTt. vz;. gLifapd; ngah; nga;Ak; ruhrhpkio msT kp.kP.gLifapd; gug;Gr.fp.kPl;lh;fzf;fPl;bd;gbfpilf;Fk; ePh;M.kp.f.mbcghpahFk; ePh;M.kP.f.mb1. nrd;idnfhrj;jiyahW1215 5524 31.4 6.42. ghyhW 1165 10656 76.8 24.43. tuhf ejp 1137 3619 10.6 6.14. nghd;dpahW 857 12133 57.9 26.45. nghd;dpahW - - - 12.106. nts;shW 842 8540 59.1 41.207. fhNthp 1000 44016 249.5 103.568. mf;dpahW 911 1875 7.9 1.809. itif 827 7031 44.9 7.0010. Fz;lhW 812 3510 12.1 1.8011. itg;ghW 905 3100 110 5.0012. jhkpuguzp 889 5969 60.3 24.00Mf nkhj;jk; 259.76‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 110 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp khefUf;fhd nts;sj;jLg;Gg; gzpfs;ca;af; nfhz;lhd; Mw;wpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba gzpfs;1. ePNuhl;lg; gug;G Fiwe;Js;sJ> ,UkUq;Fk; rhpahdgb> ‘jiyg;G Kjy; - KbT tiu” jdpahf epy msitf;FOitj;J mse;J fhd;fphPl; gjpj;j S.F. epy msitf; fw;fs; (Boundary Stones) gjpj;J Nghh;f;fhymbg;gilapy; ghugl;rk; ghuhky; Mf;fpukpg;Gfs; mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.2. Gyptyk; nfhbq;fhy; tbfhy; mizia mfw;wp tpl;L nts;s ePh;g;Nghf;fpw;fhf kjFg;ghyk; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.3. ca;af; nfhz;lhd; Mw;wpd; 14/0 my;ypj;Jiw ghyj;jpypUe;J Nghh;l;L ghyk; tiu kpfTk; gytPdkhf cs;s,lJ fiuiag;gyg;gLj;jp thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhd jhh;r;rhiy mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.4. jw;NghJs;s Gj;J}h; tbfhy; mizia mfw;wp tpl;L Gjpjhf kjFg;ghyk; (Bridge cum regulatior) fl;lNtz;Lk;.5. FlKUl;b tyJ fiu Nfhiuahw;wpd; tyJ fiu ,izf;Fk; tifapy; ca;af; nfhz;lhd; Mw;wpd; FWf;Nfghyk; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.FlKUl;b1. FlKUl;b Mw;wpd; ePNuhl;lg; gFjpapYk; fiufspYk;cs;s Mf;fpukpg;Gfs; mfw;wpfj; J}h;thhp ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapid mfyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.2. FlKUl;b Mw;wpd; tyJfiuia gyg;gLj;jp>jhh;r;rhiyahf khw;wp f&h; rhiyapy; ,izf;Fk;tz;zk; thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J rhiyahf mikf;fNtz;Lk;. mr;rhiyapypUe;J ntf;fhsp mk;kd;NfhtpYf;F mfykhd rhiy ,izg;Gf; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.3. Gj;J}h; kjFg;ghyk; mikAk; ,lj;jpy; FlKUl;b tyJfiuapy; cs;s mUs;kpF FOkhap mk;khd; Nfhtpiyr;Rw;wpAs;s Mf;fpukpg;Gfis mfw;wp- G+q;fhf;fs;mikj;J rpwe;j Rw;Wyhj;jykhfr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; %ykhf nghJg;gzpj;Jiwf;F tUthiag; ngUf;fyhk;.4. taY}h; rhiy FlKUl;bg; ghyj;jpd; tyJ fiu kpfTk; mfykhd gFjpahf ,Ug;gjhy; Mf;fpukpg;Gfis mfw;wp‘Mw;wq;fiu G+q;fhTk;”> jiu thlif tUtha; ngw;Wj; jUk; tifapy;> ‘fl;Lkhd ,ae;jpuq;fs;” epWj;jK; gFjpahfmikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.NfhiuahW :1. Nfhiuahw;wpd; ,UkUq;fpYk; cs;s Mf;fpukpg;Gfis mfw;wp ePNuhl;lg; gFjpia mfyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.2. Nfhiuahw;wpd; ,UfiufisAk; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.3. Nfhiuahw;wpd; tyJ fiuia Gj;J}h; mizapypUe;J gyg;gLj;j jhh;r;rhiyahf khw;wp jpz;Lf;fy; rhiyapy;,izf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nfhiuahw;W ghyj;jpypUe;J njhlq;fp tyJ fiuia jhh;r;rhiyahf;fp ney;iy – kJiur;rhiyapy; ,izf;f Ntz;Lk;.4. Nfhiuahw;wpd; FWf;Nf gLf;ifaizfs; fl;b> ghrd trjpiag; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Rkhh; 22 VhpfSf;F nts;sePh;jpUg;gp tplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.5. mhpahW Nfhiuahw;wpy; fyf;Fkplj;jpy; ghyq;fl;b Nfhiuahw;W tyJfiu jhh;r;rhiyia ePl;bj; khtl;l Ml;rpah;mYtyfk; tiu jhh;r;rhiy mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.mhpahW :1. mhpahw;wpd; ,UkUq;fpYk; Mw;wpd; ePNuhl;lg; gFjpfspYk;> ,uz;L fiufspYk; cs;s Mf;fpukpg;Gfis mfw;wpMw;W ePNuhl;lg; gFjpia tphpTg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.2. mhpahw;wpd; ,uz;L fiufisAk; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.3. mhpahw;wpd; ,lJ fiuia mfyg;gLj;jp jhh;r;rhiyahf khw;wp jhaD}hpypUe;J jPud; efh; tiu mikj;J>Nfhiuahw;wpy; fl;ltpUf;Fk; ghyj;ijf; fle;J khtl;l Ml;rpah; mYtyfk; nry;Yk; tifapy; rhiy ,izg;Gnra;a Ntz;Lk;.4. mhpahw;wpd; FWf;Nf gLf;if mizfs; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.5. my;ypj;Jiw rhe;jGuk; - Gq;fD}h; ,ilapy; mhpahw;wpd; FWf;Nf fl;lg;gl;Ls;s jiug;ghyj;ij mfw;wptpl;L ‘kjFg;ghyk;” Gjpjhff; fl;l Ntz;Lk; Nkw;$wpa midj;Jg; gzpfSk; njhlq;fg;gl;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy;> jpUr;rp khefuj;ij nts;s ePh;NguopTfspypUe;J epue;jukhf fhg;ghw;w KbAk;. jpUr;rp khefuk; nghypTld; tpsq;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 112 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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ml;ltiz-1fle;j 25 Mz;Lfspy; mizf;F ePh;tuj;J (rhFgb fhyq;fspy;) (bvk;rp) (M.kp.fmb)ml;ltiz-2 Nkl;^h; miz ghrd gFjpkhtl;l thhpahf vjph;ghh;f;Fk; rhFgb gug;G (2013-14) (n`f;Nlh; : 10000 r.kP)‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 114 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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Nfhilapy; ngWk; kioapidf; nfhz;L Neub ney; tpijg;G nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; Nfhil coT nra;J (fisKisj;j gpd;G kW coT) rk;gh Neub tpijg;gpw;F epyq;fis jahh; nra;jpl tptrhapfSf;F mwpTiu toq;fplNfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. (50% ePh; Njitia Fiwj;jpl Ntz;Lk;) kw;w ,lq;fspy; Nfhil coT jtph;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;.xt;nthU tptrhapAk;> jz;zPh; jhkjkhf nrd;wilAk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; (nkhj;j gug;gpy; 50%f;F Fiwahky;)Neub ney;tpijg;G Nkw;nfhs;s Vw;ghLfs; nra;jpl Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.Neub ney;tpijg;gpw;F fpuhkk; NjhWk; rpwg;G ,af;fq;fs; elj;jpl Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.Neub ney; tpijg;gpw;F fPo;f;fz;l ufq;fis ghpe;Jiu nra;jpl Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.Mf];l; 15 tiu ePz;l fhy ufq;fs;.nrg;lk;gh; KOtJk; kj;jpa fhy ufq;fs;.nrg;lk;gh; ,Wjp tiu tpijf;f Kbahjth;fs; mf;Nlhgh; 20f;Fg; gpwF FWfpa fhy ufq;fs; (mf;Nlhgh; khjj;jpw;FgpwF Neub tpijg;G nra;a Ntz;lhk;.ehw;Wtpl;L elT nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; gRe;jhs; cug;gaph;fis rhFgb nra;aTk;> khdpa tpiyapy; tpijtoq;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jplTk; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.fhyj;Nj Ntz;ba ,LnghUl;fis fpilj;jpl Kd; Vw;ghLfis nra;jpl ghpe;Jiu nra;ag;gLfpwJ.mjpf gug;gpy; jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb nra;a Cf;fg;gLj;jp> ghrd ePh; gad;ghl;il Fiwj;jplTk;> mjpf kf#y;ngw;wplTk;> Mtz eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sTk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.fle;j mz;L ney; taYf;F njhlh;e;J ePh; Njq;fhky; taypy; ePh; kiwa ePh; fl;Ltjd; mtrpaj;ij tptrhapfs;czh;e;Js;sdh;. ePh; njhlh;e;J epw;fhjjhy; mjpf rpk;Gfs; cUthtij fz;Ls;sdh;. vdNt ,dptUk;Mz;Lfspy; tptrhapfs; midtUk; ePh; kiwe;J taypy; rpwpJ ntbg;G Njhd;wpa gpwNf (kz;zpy; ePhpd; msT 15nr.kP Moj;jpw;F fPo; nrd;why; kl;LNk ePh; fl;Ljy;) ePh;fl;b ePiu tPzhf;fhky; rpf;fdkhd gad;gLj;j midj;Jtptrhapfl;Fk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;j Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Neub ney;tpijg;G,ae;jpuk;> elT ,ae;jpuk;> fis vLf;Fk; fUtp Mfpatw;iw khdpaj;Jld; mjpf mstpy; toq;fplTk; ,j;Jiw%yk; thliff;F tpLk; jpl;lj;ij Kidg;Gld; nray;gLj;jplTk; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.ePH; jl;lg;ghL fhyq;fspy; cjtplTk;> kioePiu Nrkpj;jplTk; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; gz;iz Fl;ilfs; mikj;jplMtz eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gzpaid Mw;wpy; ePh; tUtjw;F Kd;dh; Kbf;fg;glNtz;baJ mtrpak;.c.$l;LwT Jiwf;F :tptrhapfs; epjp gw;whf;Fiwapd;wp fhyj;Nj rhFgbia Nkw;nfhs;sj; Njitahd epjpapidAk;> ,Lnghl;fisAk;toq;fpl ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.C.khtl;l eph;thfj;jpw;F : midj;J JiwfisAk; xUq;fpizj;J rhFgb rpwg;ghf eingw Mtz eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.Fbkuhkj;jpid nray;gLj;jpl Cf;fk; mspf;f Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.ed;wp : jkpo;ehL %j;j Ntshz; ty;Yeh; Nguit> jQ;rhT+h;nry; : 94437 84578‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 116 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


Mrphpah; FO Fwpg;Giujkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw jk; fl;Lg;ghl;by; cs;s Kf;fpakhd Vhpfspy; Jhh;thUk; gzpNahL – Vhpapd;cl;fl;likg;GfisAk Nkk;gLj;jpl – cyf tq;fpapd; fld; epjp ngw;W jw;NghJ nraw;gLj;jgLk; “epy tsk; ePh;tsj;jpl;lj;jpd; (IAMWARM)” thapyhf ngUk; Kaw;r;rpfs; vLf;fg;gl;L gy jpl;lq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L(2012-2013-2014) tUfpd;wd.,j;Jldd;wp Cuhl;rp xd;wpaq;fspd; nghWg;gpYs;s (100 Vf;fh; Maf;fl;Lg; gug;G Fiwthf cs;s)Rkhh; 25503 Vhpfs; / Fsq;fisr; rPuikj;jpl (Rehabilitation of Minor Irrigation Tanks and Water Bodies inTamilnadu) - jkpo;ehl;bd; Cuf tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Cuhl;rpj;Jiw jPtpukhd eltbf;iffs; (2013-2014 Mz;by;)vLj;J tUfpd;wJ.,it Cf;fkspf;Fk; nra;jpfs;ƒ epfo;Tfs;.nrk;guk;ghf;fk; Vhp‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 118 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


Hø c˜„ C‚èè¬÷»‹ ÜP«õ£ñ£-?îI›ï£†®Ÿ°‹ Ü‡¬ì ñ£Gôƒè÷£ù è˜ï£ìè£, Ý‰Fó£ ñŸÁ‹ «èó÷£¾ì¡ «õÁ Cô ïFc˜ŠðƒW´èO½‹C‚èèœ àœ÷ù. ÞõŸÁœ ºîô£õ (î¬ôò£ò) º¬ô ªðKò£Á Ü¬í ðŸPò. «èó÷£ ÜóC¡ ñ¬øºè«ï˜ºè eøèœ & ÜGò£ò õ£îƒèœ ºîLòõŸÁ‚° à„êcFñ¡ø‹ 27.02.2006 Ü¡Á Gò£òñ£ù b˜Š¹õöƒAò. Þ¼ŠHÂ‹ «èó÷£ Üó² º¬øºèñ£è Kerala Irrigation & Water Conservation (Amendment) Act-2006.ê†ìˆ¬î ÞòŸP º¬ô ªðKò£ŸÁ àò˜c˜ ñ†ìˆ¬î 136 Ü®‚° ºì‚Aò. îI›ï£´ Üó²‹ à„êcFñ¡øˆ¬îÜµAò (O.S.No.3 of 2006) Üî¡ H¡ º¡ù£œ à„êcFñ¡ø î¬ô¬ñ cFðF Dr.A.S.Ýù‰ˆ Üõ˜èœ å¼°¿ Üî¡ ÜP‚¬è 24.4.2012 Ü¡Á à„êcFñ¡øˆF î£‚è ªêŒòŠð†ì. ÞõŸ¬øŠ ðŸPò º¿Mõóƒè¬÷»‹ îI›ï£´ ªð£ŠðEˆ¬ø Íˆî ªð£Pò£÷˜ êƒè‹ ãŠó 2009Þ å¼ °Á‹ðìº‹ “º¬ôªðKò£Á Ü¬í¬ò‚ è£Š«ð£‹” â¡ø ¬è«ò†¬ì êùõK 2012Þ½‹ Dr. A.S.Ýù‰ˆ °¿ ÜP‚¬è (24.4.2012Þ)îI›ï£†®Ÿ°„ ê£îèñ£ù Üô” â¡ø 8 ð‚èˆ ‡ìP‚¬è¬ò «ñ ñ£î‹ 2012 Ü¡Á ªõOJ†´ ªðKòÜ÷M ðóŠ¹¬ó»‹ ªêŒœ÷.Me;jpu muR Fg;gk; jhYfhtpy; fNzrGuj;jpy; ngupa miz fl;bl (1/2007 ,y;) jpl;lk; jPl;bdh;. 20 mbcauKila 22 jLg;gizfis 50 fpkP njhiytpy; fl;bAs;sdh;. mjdhy; Mz;LNjhWk; ghyhw;Wf;F tuNtz;bajz;zPh; tutpy;iy. ghyhW twz;L Ngha; tpl;lJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf jkpo;ehl;bd; tlkhtl;lq;fshd NtY}h;>jpUtz;zhkiy> fhQ;rpGuk;> jpUts;@h; khtl;lq;fspy; FbePh; gw;whf;FiwAk; ghrdePh; gw;whf;FiwAk;Vw;gl;Ls;sd.1892 Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jg;gb ghyhw;W ePiu fPo;f;fz;lthW %d;W khepyq;fSk; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.ghyhw;wpd; ePsk;1. fh;ehlfk; 60 iky; (96 fpkP) 25% ePh;2. Me;jpu muR 30 iky; (48 fpkP) 14% Kjy; 25% ePh;3. jkpo;ehL 140 iky; (224 fp.kP) 50% ePh;ghyhw;wpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; 80 bvk;rp ePHpy;> fh;ehlfk; 20 bvk;rp Me;jpu muR 20 bvk;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL 40 bvk;rpePiuAk; ngw guk;giu chpik cz;L.NtY}h; khtl;lKk;> ghyhWk; : ,k;khtl;l kf;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; tsk; nfhLj;J te;jJ ghyhW. ghyhw;iw jw;Nghija epiyapypUe;J Nkk;gLj;jp -ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhfpwJ. ,g;gFjpiag; gw;wp rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; Kjy; jw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; tiughyhw;wpd; tsj;ijf; Fwpj;J NgRfpd;wdh;. Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba muRfspd; thpirapy; njhz;il ehLrhd;NwhWilj;J vd typAWj;Jk; tlngz;iz> njd;nz;iz MWfSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s epyg;gFjpjhd;ghyhw;W gFjp MFk;. njhz;il ehl;il tsk; nfhopf;f itj;j gpujhd MW ghyhW MFk;. nkhj;j ghyhW gLif18>300 r.fp.kPl;lh;> jkpo;ehl;by; 11>000 rJu fpNyhkPl;lh;> (ghyhw;Wg;gLif 37 fp.kPl;lh; Kjy; 135 fpNyh kPl;lh; tiu)mfyk; 1000ypUe;J 2000 kPl;lh; tiuapy; cs;sJ.ghyhW fh;ehlf khepyk; Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiygFjpahd ee;jpJh;fk; kiyapy; njhlq;fp Nfhyhh; khtl;lk; topahf60 iky;fs; J}uk; gha;e;J (3123 rJufpNyhkPl;lh; ePu;g;gpbg; gFjp) Me;jpu khepyk; rpj;J}h; khtl;lk; Fg;gk; tl;lj;jpy;30 iky; gazpj;J (4267 rJufpNyhkPl;lh; ePh;g;gpbg;G gFjp) jkpofj;jpy; NtY}h; khtl;lj;jpy; jdJ gazj;ijnjhlq;FfpwJ. jkpofj;jpy; 222 fpNyhkPl;lh; J}uj;jpw;F gazpj;J fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; taY}h; fpuhkj;jpd; mUfpy;tq;fhs tphpFlh flypy; fyf;fpwJ. 1858 Mk; Mz;L thyh[hNgl;il mUfpy; jLg;gizf;fl;b 317 VhpfSf;Ff;fhy;tha; mikj;J jz;zPh; jug;gl;L tUfpwJ. 606 Mw;Wf; fhy;tha; ghyhW neLfpYk; ,Ue;jjhf muR Mtzk;$WfpwJ.Jiz MWfs; :ghyhw;wpy; jpk;khk;Ngl;il topahf tUk; ehuhazGuk; MW> Mthuq;Fg;gk; mUfpy; ghyhw;wpy; fyf;fpwJ.thzpak;ghbf;F mUfpy; fy;yhW> nfhl;lhW> khjD}h; mUfpy; Nfhtpy; kiy MW> mfuk; MW> Mk;G+h; mUfpy;Ngudhk;gl;L MW> gs;spnfhz;lh mUfpy; nfsz;ld;dpa kfhejp Nghd;w gy MWfs;> fhl;lhWfs; ghyhw;wpy;fyf;fpd;wd.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 121 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

tlkhtl;lq;fspd; twl;rpepiy:NtY}h; khtl;lk; twl;rpapy; njhlh;e;J ghjpf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ,g;gFjpapd; tsk; ghyhw;iwr; rhh;e;Js;sJ. NtY}h;khtl;lj;jpy; ghyhw;wpd; %yk; Neubahf fhy;tha;fs; mikj;J Rkhh; 300 Vhp> Fsq;fSf;fhd ghrd trjpfs;nra;ag;gl;L cs;sd. nkhj;jk; 1018 Vhpfs;> Fsq;fs; ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sd. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtkio jhd;ePh;epiyfSf;F ePh; toq;Fk; tifapy; fpilf;Fk;. tlfpof;F gUtkio NghJkhd jz;zPiuf; nfhLg;gjpy;iy.fpof;F gFjpapy; fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfSk; Fwpg;ghf [t;thJ> Vyfphp> jpUtz;zhkiy Mfpa kiyfSk;> Nkw;FgFjpapy; Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfSk;> ,U gUt kiofisAk; jLj;JtpLtjhy; kioePh; fpilg;gJ NghJkhdjhf,y;yhjjhy; ,g;gFjpia kio kiwT gpuNjrk; vd Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;. njd;Nkw;F gUtkioahy;jhd; ghyhw;wpy;nts;sg; ngUf;nfLj;J tUk;.kio nghopTfs; :ghyhw;wpd; ePh;tb gFjpfspd; gug;G 10.761 yl;rk; n`f;Nlh; epykhFk;. ruhrhp Mz;L kioasT 650 kpy;yp kPl;lh;Kjy; mjpfgl;rk; 950 kp.kP. tiuf; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePhpd; msT 10 yl;rk; n`f;Nlh; kPl;lh;. gad;gLj;jg;gLk;ePhpd; msT 1.58 yl;rk; n`f;Nlh; kPl;lh;. ,Nj Nghd;w mstpy; nghd;id Mw;wpd; tsKk; cs;sJ. Mz;Lf;FMz;L gUtkio msT Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. njd;Nkw;F gUtkio 45 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 28.1 rjtPjk; tiujhd;fpilf;fpwJ. tlfpof;F gUtkioapy; 40ypUe;J 41 rjtPjk; tiujhd; fpilf;fpwJ. Mw;wpy; NghJkhd ePh;ngWtjw;F njd;Nkw;F gUtkioNa mbg;ilahFk;.tptrhak; :ghyhw;wq;fiuapy; ney;> fUk;G> thio> njd;id Mfpa gpujhd tptrha czTg; gaph;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.khtl;lj;jpy; nkhj;j epyq;fspy; 40 rjtPjk; kl;LNk ghrd trjp ngw;Ws;sJ. Mw;Wg;ghrdk; Kw;wpYkhf ,y;iyvd;w epiy Vw;gl;L cs;sJ. ghyhw;wpd; fiufspy; epyj;jb ePh;tsj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tptrhak; eilg;ngw;WtUfpwJ. Rkhh; 3 yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ghrd fpzWfs; %yKk;> Vwf;Fiwa 1 yl;rk; Foha; fpzWfs; %yKk;>ghrdj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdh;. FbePh; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiyfspd; jz;zPh; Njitapd; msT 6>000 yl;rk;fdkPl;lh; MFk;. Kiwahd mstpYk; gq;fPl;bYk; NtWghLfs; mjpfk; cs;sd. epyj;jb ePh; kl;lj;jpy; 90 rjtPjk;jw;nghOJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.ghyhw;W rhFb gug;G :50 rjtPjk; Fiwe;Js;sJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F ney; tpisr;ry; Vf;fUf;F 1857 fpNyhtpypUe;J 614 fpNyhthf cw;gj;jpFiwe;Js;sJ.jw;nghOJ NtY}h; khtl;lj;jpy; 90 rjtPj FbePh; Njit ghyhw;iw ek;gpNa cs;sJ.mNj Neuj;jpy; ghyhw;wpy; ,izaf;$ba cgejpfshd nfsz;ld;dpa kfhejp> Ngh;zhk;gl;L MW> mizf;fl;Lfpuhkj;jpd; mUfpy; cs;s Nfhtpy;kiyahW Mfpa MWfspd; FWf;Nf mizfs; fl;b fpilf;ff;$ba Fiwe;jgl;rePUk; jLj;J epWj;jg;LfpwJ. ,jdhy; ghyhW Kw;wpYk; twz;L epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; 2004k; Mz;L fzf;fPl;bd;mbg;gilapy; 750 mbapypUe;J 900 mb tiu fPo;Nehf;fp nrd;Wtpl;lJ.gd;khepy ejpePH; xg;ge;jk; 1892 :nrd;id murhq;fk; mDkjpj;j 9 mb cauj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf ngj;jkq;fyk; Vhpapd; cauj;ij 18 mbahf cah;j;jpfl;baJ. NkYk; 1000 VhpfSf;F Nky; Gjpajhf mikj;J ghyhw;W ePiu 1892 xg;ge;jj;ij kPwp> fh;ehlf muRjz;zPiuj; jLj;J epWj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. gy;NtW Kaw;rpfisj; jpl;lkpl;L nray;Lj;j Jtq;fp tpl;lJ. 1892k;Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; 2> 3> 4tJ ruj;Jg;gb nrd;id ik#h; muRf;F ,ilapy; jfuhW Vw;gl;lhy; epakpf;fg;gl;lkj;jpa];jh;fspd; %yNkh> kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; %yNkh jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W njspthfFwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; 26.12.1954y; fhNthpghf;fj;jpy; tlhw;fhL> nrq;fy;gl;L tptrhapfs; ghyhw;wpy;jz;zPh; jpwe;J tpLtJ rk;ge;jkhf khehL elj;jp cs;sdh;. ,jpy; xU FOTk; mikf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. ,jpy;jpU.V.v];.Iaq;fhh;> jpU.gQ;rhl;ruk;> vk;vy;V.> Mw;fhL jpU.Kdprhkp fTz;lh;> vk;.vy;.V.> ,uhzpg;Ngl;il>jpU.tp.Nf.,uhkrhkp> vk;.vy;.V.> nrq;fy;gl;L jpU.nja;trpfhkzp> vk;.vy;.V.> fhQ;rpGuk; MfpNahh; nfhz;l FOxd;W mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;FOtpw;F xUq;fpizg;ghsuhf (mf;uhrdhh;) jpU.V.v];.Iaq;fhh; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Lcs;shh;.tlkhtl;l 1 Nfhb kf;fspd; jhfk; :Nkw;fz;l FO fh;ehlf nrd;id murhq;fj;jpw;F Nfhhpf;if tpLj;jJ. nrd;id khfhz tUtha; mikr;rh;mr;rkaj;jpy; tpLj;Js;s mwpf;ifapy; twl;rpf;fhd fhuzk; 15 my;yJ 20 Mz;Lfshd ghyhw;wpy; jz;zPh;tutpy;iy vd xg;Gf;nfhz;L mwpf;if tpLj;Js;shh;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 122 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

MfNt> ehSf;Fehs; kio nghopT Fiwe;J tUfpw mNj Neuj;jpy; fh;ehlf> Me;jpu muRfs; njhlh;e;J GjpaVhpfisAk;> ghrd gug;GfisAk; ghyhw;iw Mjhukhf nfhz;L tp];jhpj;J tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; ghyhw;wpd; ePh;tsk;KOtJk; fh;ehlf> Me;jpu muRfs; mgfhpj;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. xU tpjj;jpy; Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpg;Gk;> kWGwj;jpy; kiomsTk; Fiwe;J epyj;jbePh;tsk; ehSf;Fehs; fPo;Nehf;fp nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gjhy; NtY}h; khtl;l kf;fspd;vjph;fhyk; kl;Lky;yhky; jpUtz;zhkiy tlf;Fg;gFjp> jpUts;@h;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lq;fs;> nrd;id Gwefh;gFjpfs; fy;ghf;fk; mZkpd;epiyak;> fy;ghf;fk; efuk; kw;Wk; 20f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l efuhl;rpfs; 32f;Fk; Nkw;gl;lNg&uhl;rpfs; 1000f;F Nkw;gl;l fpuhkq;fspy; trpf;Fk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fspd; jhfk; jPh;f;f gyNfhb &gha;nrytpy; nray;gl;L tUk; 250f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l murpd; $l;LFbePh; jpl;lq;fs; ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd Vf;fh; ghrd trjpngWk; tptrha fpzWfs; njhopw;rhiyfs; kf;fspd; tho;thjhuk; Nfs;tpf;FwpahFk;.jPh;Tfs; : 1892 xg;ge;jj;jpw;Fg; gpwF 1924y; xg;ge;jk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;F gpwF Vw;gl;Ls;s xg;ge;jq;fs;midj;jpYk; fhtphpf;F kl;LNk Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; Nkw;fz;l ,U xg;ge;jq;fspYk; Kf;fpaMWfs; gl;baypy; gjpide;J MWfSf;F ,izj;Jjhd; nkhj;jkhf xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. MWfspd;gl;bay; vl;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; ghyhW ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.MfNt. jkpof muR fhtphp Nghd;w ghyhw;wpw;Fk; eLth;kd;wk; mikj;J jz;zPiuj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; fh;ehlf>Me;jpu muRfspd; kdpjhgpkhdkw;w nraiyj; jLj;jpLk; tifapy; eltbf;iffisg; Nghh;f;fhy mbg;gilapy;Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.Njrpa ejpePh; ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpy; ePh;topghijia njd;df ejpfs; ,izg;gpy; Me;jpu khepyk; rpj;J}h; efUf;FNkw;FGwkhf fhy;tha; mikj;J ghyhw;NwhL ,izf;f Ntz;Lk;.1. Njrpa ejpeH; Rj;jpfhpg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghyhw;iw ,izj;J Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.2. ghyhw;wq;fiuapy; mike;Js;s Njhy; njhopw;rhiyfs;> ,urhaz njhopw;rhiyfspd; fopTfis Mw;wpy;tpLtij my;yJ Njf;fp itg;gij jil nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Rj;jpfhpf;f Kbahj er;Rg;nghUl;fshd,urhadq;fs; cgNahfpg;gij jil nra;a Ntz;Lk;.3. khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Vhp> Fsq;fs;> fz;kha;fs;> Cuzpfs;> Ve;jy;fs;> fhy;tha;fs; Nghd;w ePh;epiyfspd;Mf;ukpg;Gfis mfw;wp kiof;fhyq;fspy; ePiur; Nrkpj;J itj;jpl jw;NghJ cs;s nfhs;ssit ,Uklq;fhfcah;j;Jk; tifapy; Mog;gLj;jp> mfyg;gLj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. ePh;epiyfis NtW ve;j gad;ghl;bw;Fk;gad;gLj;Jtij jil nra;a jdpr;rl;lk; ,aw;w Ntz;Lk;. kPWNthh; kPJ fLk; eltbf;if vLj;J jz;lidtoq;f Ntz;Lk;.4. Fiwe;j ePiug; gad;gLj;jp tptrhaj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; khw;Wg;gaph; jpl;lq;fis tptrhapfSf;Ftoq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.5. ghyhw;W fiuia rhh;e;Js;s gFjpfspy; tzpf Kiwapyh jdpahh; FbePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G epiyaq;fs; %yk; epyj;jbePh; msTf;F mjpfkhd cwpQ;rg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;Ak; gfw;nfhs;isiaj; jil nra;a Ntz;Lk;.6. FbePiuf; Fbg;gjw;Fk;> rikg;gjw;Fk;> czTg;nghUl;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;F kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kw;wgad;ghl;bw;fhd Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj jz;zPiuj; jdpahf toq;f Ntz;Lk;.7. FbePH; tbfhy; thhpaj;jpd; %yk; kl;LNk ghJfhf;fg;gl;l jukhd FbePiu [dehaf Kiwapy; midtUf;Fk;toq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.8. jkpof muR FbePh; rl;lj;ij jdpahf ,aw;w Ntz;Lk;.9. kzy; vLf;fjil> kzy; gad;ghl;bw;F khw;W gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;fz;l tifapy; jkpofj;jpd;tlkhtl;l kf;fspd; tho;epiyiaf; fhj;jpl xd;wpizje;J Nghuhb fhtphpia Nghy; ghyhw;W chpikiakPl;nlLf;f midtUk; Kd; tUf. Nkw;fz;l Nfhhpf;iffis epiwNtw;wpl kf;fs; jq;fs; jhfk; jPh;j;jpltUq;fhy ekJ thhpRfSf;F FbePiuahtJ mbg;gil hpikahf;fpLk; flik ekf;F cs;sJ. tptrhak; ,d;wpve;j caphpdKk; tho KbahJ.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 123 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Üñó£õF ÝŸP¡ c˜õóˆ¬î‚ «èó÷£ Üó² î´ˆîè£MKJ¡ ¬í ïFò£ù Üñó£õF ïFJ¡ «ñŸð°FJ «èó÷£ ñ£Gô â¬ôŠ ð°FJ ð£‹ð£ŸP¡ °Á‚«èñ¬øÎ˜ âÂ‹ á¼‚è¼A î´Šð¬í å¡¬ø‚ è†® ð£ô‚è£†´Š ð°F‚° F¼ŠHMì «èó÷£ Üó² ªðK‹ºò¡Á õ¼Aø. Þ °Pˆ à´ñ¬ô&ªð£œ÷£†C&èÏ˜ ð°F Mõê£JèÀ‹ ñ‚èÀ‹ ªðK‹ ð£FŠð¬ìõî£ªð¼‹ «ð£ó£†ìƒè¬÷»‹ ïìˆF õ¼A¡øù˜.ð£ô£ŸP c˜õóˆ¬î‚ °¬øˆî è˜ï£ìè£ ñ£GôˆF Ý¬ù‚è õ†ìˆF½œ÷ ºèÙ¼‚A½œ÷ îˆîÛ˜ Aó£ñˆF¡ Ü¼A ªê½‹ªî¡ªð‡¬íò£ŸP¡ Þì¹ø‚ è¬ó‚è¼A î‡a˜ Þ¬øŠH Ü¬ø ñŸÁ‹ I¡ñ£ŸP ÝAòõŸÁì¡ Ã®òî¬óñ†ìˆ ªî£†® (underground sump) è†ìŠð†´œ÷. î¬óñ†ìˆ ªî£†®JL¼‰ 8 A.e ªî£¬ôM½œ÷ô‚Ã˜ ãK‚° î¬ó‚è®J 250 I.e M†ìº¬ìò HMC °ö£Œèœ ðF‚èŠð†´ Þ¬í‚èŠð†´œ÷ù.ÞõŸP¡ õNò£è Þô‚Ã˜ ãK‚° ªî¡ªð‡¬í ÝŸÁ c¬ó Þ¬øˆ õöƒAì 10.03.2013Þ ñ£Ö˜ ê†ìñ¡øàÁŠHù˜ F¼.A¼wíŒò£ ªê†® Üõ˜è÷£ Þ‰î Mö£ ªî£ìƒA ¬õ‚èŠð†´œ÷.Þîù£ îIöèŠ ð°FèÀ‚° îŸ«ð£ A¬ìˆ‚ ªè£‡®¼‚°‹ cK¡ Ü÷¾ °¬øò«õ ªêŒ»‹ âùŠ ªðK‹Ü…êŠðÁø.mkuhtjp MW :fhtphpapd; Jiz ejpahd mkuhtjp ejpapd; Nkw;gFjpapy; Nfush khepy vy;iyf;Fs;Ns cs;s kiwA+hpy;ghk;ghw;wpd; FWf;Nf Nfus muR Xh; mizfl;l rdthp 2010,y; Kaw;rp nra;jJ (kiwA+Uf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy;ehr;rpKj;J Xil vd;w gFjpapy; Jthdk; mUtpia xl;b 100 Vf;fh; gug;gstpy; &.230 Nfhb nrytpy; Xh; mizfl;lj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. Nfush muR kj;jpa Rw;Wr;#oy; mikr;rfj;jplKk; kj;jpa murpd; chpamikr;rfq;fsplKk; mDkjp Nfl;L vOjpAs;sdh;).mkuhtjp ejp - Mid kiyapy; 1524 mb cauj;jpy; rpw;whWfsha; cUthfp Nfhit khtl;lj;jpy; neLe;njhiyTghrd tsk; Ghpe;J nfhq;F ehl;Lj; jpUNtzp rq;fkk; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; jpUKf;$lypy; fhtphp Mw;NwhLfyf;fpwJ. 142 fpNyh kPl;lh; ePsk; nfhz;lJ.rz;Kf ejp> FlfdhW Nghd;w ejpfisj; Jiz ejpfshff; nfhz;L f&Uf;Ff; fpof;Nf jpUKf;$ly; vd;Dk;,lj;jpy; fhtphpapy; fyf;fpwJ. ,e;ejp nfhOkj;jpw;F Nkw;Nf - kiwA+Uf;F Nky; njd;jpirapy; 20 fp.kP. J}uj;jpy;cs;s njhLfw;ghiwapypUe;J Cw;nwLj;Jg; ngUfp - mQ;rpehL vDk; kiyapd; topahf Xb - Nkw;fpypUe;J tUk;ghk;ghw;Wld; $b Neh;fpof;fhf jspQ;rp vDk; ,lj;jpw;Fg; gutp - Njdhw;Wld; Nrh;e;J Neh;tlf;fpy; Xb fy;yhGuj;Jmizf;F Nky; 1.6 fp.kP njhiytpYs;s Jthdh mUtpapy; tpOe;J - gpd; Neh; tlf;fhfr; nrd;W fPo;Nehf;fpj;jpUk;gp fy;yhGuj;jpd; tlGwkhf tise;J nfhOkk;...................... fPo;tUk; Fjpiuahw;Wld; ,ize;J - gut p; nrd;W2. NkYk; ,Lf;fp khtl;lj;jpy; ,Lf;fp Ngf;Nf[; vd;w ngahpy; Gjpjhf VO mizfisf; fl;l Nfus muRjpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.jkpof-Nfus vy;iyia xl;b Nfushtpy; ,Lf;fp khtl;lj;jpy; nrq;fyhW> jiyahW kw;Wk; tl;l tplh vd %d;WMWfspy; Gjpa mizfs; fl;Lk; jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L mtw;wpy; nrq;fyhW jpl;lj;jpy; gl;bNrhp kw;Wk; fhe;jY}h;Mfpa ,U ,lq;fspy; ,U mizfs; fl;lg;gLk;. jiyahW jpl;lj;jpy; mg;gh; rl;L %zhW Nrhah;yl;L %zhW kw;Wk;jiyahW gFjpapy; 3 mizfs; fl;lg;gLk;.tl;ltplh jpl;lj;jpy; xw;iwkuk; kw;Wk; nfhl;L nfhk;G+h; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; mizfs; mikj;jpl jpl;l mwpf;ifjahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.30>000 n`f;Nlh; gFjp ghrdk; - &.300 Nfhb kjpg;gPL Nfus khepy ePh;tsj;Jiw jahhpj;Js;sJ. Gjpa mizfs;xt;nthd;Wk; 30 kP Kjy; 75 kP cauKk; - 500 kP ePsKk; nfhz;litahf ,Uf;Fk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 124 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


mkuhtjp Mw;iw Mjhukhff; nfhz;L 49 $l;Lf;FbePh; jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,itejpf;fiu tho; kf;fSf;F FbePiu Mz;L KOtJk; toq;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.1. khDg;gl;b N[hjpghiask; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.2. rq;fuhk ey;Y}h; Ng&uhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.3. Fkuypq;fk; Ng&uhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;4. klj;Jf;Fsk; Ng&uhl;rp> 22 fpuhkq;fs; $l;Lf;FbePh;jpl;lk;.5. klj;Jf;Fsk; Ng&uhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.6. fzpA+h; Ng&uhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.7. nfhOkk; Cuhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.8. jhkiug;ghb kw;Wk; 26 fpuhkq;fs; $l;Lf; FbePh;jpl;lk;.9. re;jpuhGuk; FbePh; jpl;lk;.10. fs;sptyR FbePh; jpl;lk;.11. nryhk;ghisak; FbePh; jpl;lk;.12. rpf;fdhGuk; FbePH; jpl;lk;.13. jstha;gl;bdk; FbePH; jpl;lk;.14. myq;fpak; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.15. fPuD}h; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.16. kzf;flT $l;Lf; FbePH; jpl;lk;.17. eQ;rpak;ghisak; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.18. jhuhGuk; efuhl;rp $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.19. Rz;zhk;Gf;fhL $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.20. tPuhl;rpkq;fyk; FbePh; jpl;lk;.21. nfhsj;Jg;ghisak; RTP $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.22. vUf;fyq;fhl;Lg;GJ}h; (E.K.GJ}H;) $l;Lf; FbePh;jpl;lk;.23. godpf;fTz;ld; tyR (P.G.tyR) $l;Lf; FbePh;jpl;lk;.24. fiuA+h; - ePyk;G+h; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;25. nghd;dpthb-vYfhk;tyR $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;..26. njhg;gk;gl;b> fs;spke;jak;> Njh;gl;b $l;Lf;FbePh;jpl;lk;.27. rq;fuz;lhk;ghisak; FbePH; jpl;lk;.28. uq;fk;ghisak; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.29. Nrh;tfhud;ghisak; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.30. mf;fiug;ghisak; (khk;ghb) $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.31. mf;fiug;ghisak; $l;Lf;FbePh; jpl;lk; II.32. Ntyg;gk;ghisak; $l;Lf;FbePh; jpl;lk;.33. vilf;fhL $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk; (E.K.PudurCWSS).34. Mapf;fTz;ld;ghisak; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.35. fd;dpthb R.T.P. $l;Lf;FbePh; jpl;lk;.36. %yD}H; R.T.P. $l;Lf;FbePh; jpl;lk;.37. nts;sNfhtpy; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.38. GJg;ig $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.39. rpd;djhuhGuk; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.40. ngUkhs;tyR> khyNkL $l;Lf; FbePH; jpl;lk;.41. mutf;Fwpr;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.42. uh[Guk; $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.43. gs;sgl;b $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.44. fpshq;Fz;ly; FbePh; jpl;lk;.45. vutehaf;fd;gl;b - nrq;fhsptyR - ngUkhs;tyR$l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.46. (f&h;) gukj;jp $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.47. f&h; efuhl;rp FbePh; jpl;lk;.48. fhq;fak; Ng&uhl;rp $l;Lf; FbePh; jpl;lk;.49. eQ;irj; jiyA+h; - GQ;irj; jiyA+h; $l;Lf; FbePh;jpl;lk;.t.vz;.fhy;tha; ngah;fs;Maf;fl;L(n`f;Nlhpy;)t.vz;.fhy;tha; ngah;fs; Maf;fl;L(n`f;Nlhpy;)1. ,uhkFsk; 560 13. Rz;lf;fhk;ghisak; 1182. fy;yhGuk; 587 14. rpd;djhuhGuk; 7603. Fkuypq;fk; 510 15. eQ;irj;jiyf;Fwpr;rp 1604. rh;f;fhh; fz;zhbg;Gj;J}h; 268 16. gs;sghisak; 14675. NrhokhNjtp 253 17. jpUkhepiyA+h; 3696. fzpA+h; 158 18. Nrdhgpuhl;b 1957. flj;J}h; 474 19. GypA+h; 5548. fhuj;njhOT 253 20. Nfhak;gs;sp 3839. myq;fpak; 427 21. ghyhk;ghs;Guk; 44210. jstha;gl;bzk; 377 22. fl;lis 71011. jhuhGuk; 978 23. kdthrp 23412. nfhopQ;rpthb 1306 24. khaD}h; 16813. eQ;irj;jiyA+h; 200‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 126 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

mkuhtjp miz ghrd ePhpay; tpguk;1. ,Ug;gplk; : mkuhtjp efh;mkuhtjp miz>cLkiy tl;lk;>jpUg;G+h; khtl;lk;-642 102.2. gad; : ghrdk;> njhopw;rhiyfSf;F kw;Wk; FbePh;tpepNahfk;3. MW : mkuhtjp MW4. ePh;g;gpbg;Gg; gFjpapd; gug;G : 838.16 rJu fpNyhkPl;lh; (324 rJu iky;)5. nts;sg;ngUf;F fhyj;jpy; ePH; ntspNaw;wj;jpd;tbtikg;g: 1>43>400 fd mb6. gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L : 19557. gzp Kbf;fg;gl;l Mz;L : 19588. miz : fy;yiz kw;Wk; kz; miz9. tif : Gtp 43>250 fd mb20. ePh;j;Njf;fk;21. 1. KO ePhj;Njf;fj;jpd; gug;G : 8.50 rJu fpNyh kPl;lh;22. 2. nkhj;j nfhs;ssT : 114.61 kp.f.kPl;lh;23. 3. gad;gLk; nfhs;ssT : 112.37 kp.f.kPl;lh;24. kpd; jpl;lk; : (gzp jw;NghJ Jtq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.)rpWGdy; kpd; jpl;lk;2x2 nkfhthl;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 127 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

gthdp tbepyg; gFjpapy; rpWthzp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf ml;lg;ghb vd;w ,lj;jpy; Nfush muR jLg;giz fl;Lk; jpl;lk;rpWthzp Mw;wpy; (gthdp Mw;wpd; Jiz MW) Nfushtpd; ml;lg;ghb vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; ml;lg;ghb gd;Nehf;Fj;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; mizAk;> ePh;kpd; epiyaKk; epWtpl Nfush muR nghpJk; Kad;W tUfpwJ. ,j; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;Nfush muR 4.50 TMC jz;zPiug; ghrdj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jTk; 3 MW kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;aTk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.,itaidj;Jk; jkpof kf;fSf;Fk; murpay; jiyth;fl;Fk; KOikahfj; njhpaNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt njhFj;J,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; Nfhitg;gFjpf;Ff; FbePUk; fpilf;fhJ vd;gjhy; mg;gFjpapYk; Nghuhl;lq;fisj;jkpof kf;fs; elj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. ,ijg;gw;wpa KO tptuq;fSk; rpWthzp xg;ge;j efYld; gpd;dpizg;G 10,y;Nrh;f;fg;gl;lLs;sd.Nfush muR 1976k; Mz;L fhy fl;lj;jpNy ml;lg;ghb gs;sj;jhf;Fg; ghrdj; jpl;lk; (Attappady Valley IrrigationProject – now renamed as Attappady Irrigation Project) vd;w ngahpy; Nfusg; gFjpapy; mfypf;fUfpy; rpj;J}h; vd;wChpy; ml;lg;ghb tl;lk;> ghYf;fhL khtl;lk;) rpWthzp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf gy;Nehf;Fj; jpl;lj;ijj; jahhpj;jJ.,jd;gb rpWthzp Mw;wpypUe;J 4.50 bvk;rp jz;zPiug; ghrdj;jpw;Fk;> mijNa gad;gLj;jp 3 MW nkfhthl;ePh;kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;Fk; Nehf;fk;. fl;lg;glg; NghFk; mizf;fl;Lg; gw;wpa tptuq;fs;.miz ePsk; 442 kP... miz cauk; : 51.50 kPmizf; nfhs;ssT 2.20 bvk;rp... ,uz;L epug;Gfs; 4.50 bvk;rpgadilAk; ghrdg;gug;G... 4900 vf;Nlh; (12100 Vf;fh;),lJ fiu fhy;tha; : 40 fp.kP. tyJfiu fhy;tha; 60 fp.kP.,e;j mizf;fl;bd; njhlf;f Ntiyfs; 1978 Mz;L Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld (kz;ntl;L> ghiwfisr; nrJf;fy;>jw;fhypfj; jLg;giz> rpnkz;l; %l;ilfis mLf;Fkplk;> njhopyhsh; nfhl;liffs; Nghd;wit. mjd;gpwF ve;jNtiyfSk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy.kj;jpa muRk; kj;jpa ePh;ts MizaKk; ,Jtiu ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;ftpy;iy.fhtphp ejpePh; eLth; kd;wk; (2007) - ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Mz;Lf;F 2.87 bvk;rp jz;zPiuAk; 10740 Vf;fh;epyq;fSf;Fg; ghrd trjp mspf;fyhk; vd;Wk; jPh;g;gspj;Js;sJ.vdNt jkpo;ehL muR 4.50 bvk;rp jz;zPiur; rpWthzp Mw;wpypUe;J vLf;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; 12100 Vf;fh;epyq;fis ghrdg; gFjpahf khw;wf; $lhJ vd;Wk; vjph;g;G njhptpj;J tUfpwJ.ml;lg;ghb mizj;jpl;lj;jhy; jkpo;ehl;bw;fhd ghjfq;fs; :,jd; fPo; (gthdp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf) mike;Js;s gpy;Y}h; ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpd; tuj;J Fiwe;J jw;NghJ NfhitkhefUf;F toq;fg;gl;L tUk; FbePh; nghpJk; FiwAk;.,ijg;NghyNt gpy;Y}h; ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Ff; fPOs;s gthdp Mw;wpd; neLfpYk; fpilf;Fk; FbePhpd; msTk; FiwAk;.,jdhy; FbePh;g; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; mghak; cs;sJ.ml;lg;ghb miz fl;lg;gl;L> jz;zPh; NfushTf;Fj; jpUg;gg;gl;lhy; jw;NghJ jkpo;ehL kpd;thhpak; cw;gj;jpnra;Ak; ePh;kpd; tpir Mz;Lf;F &.5.00 Nfhbf;Fg; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ,ijj; jtpu fPo;gthdpj; jpl;lf; fhy;tha;g;ghrdk;> jlg;gs;sp> Mwd;Nfhl;il fhy;tha;g; ghrdk; kw;Wk;fhspq;fuhad; tha;f;fhy; ghrdk; KjypaitAk; - kio kpFjpAk; nga;ahj fhyq;fspy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;W ,g;gFjptptrhapfSk; kf;fSk; mr;rkile;Js;sdh;.Nfush khepyk; jd; khepyj;jpy; Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; ghAk; ejpfspy; Vwf;Fiwa 2200 bvk;rp jz;zPiu tPNz flYf;FtpLfpwJ. mtw;iwr; rhpahfg; gad;gLj;jpdhNy ml;lg;ghb Nghy 100 jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;w tha;g;Gs;sJ. mijtpLj;J - jkpo;ehl;il jk; Njitf;nfd - mhprp> fha;fwpfs;> ,iwr;rp> Kl;il> fl;Lkhdg;nghUl;fs; (kzy;)>tzpfk; ,tw;wpw;fhf rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; Nfusk; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Fiwe;j ePh;tuj;jpYk; ifitg;gJ fz;bf;fj;jf;fJvd;W jkpo;kf;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 128 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


Cauvery Waters – 1892 AgreementIrrigation works in Mysore State — The Madras-Mysore Agreement of 1892I. In these rules —(1) "New Irrigation Reservoirs" shall mean and include such irrigation reservoirs or tanks as have notbefore existed, or, having once existed, have been abandoned and been in disuse for more than 30years past.(2) A "new Irrigation Reservoir" fed by an anicut across a stream shall be regarded as a "NewIrrigation Reservoir across" that stream.(3) "Repair of Irrigation Reservoirs" shall include (a) increase of the level of waste weirs and otherimprovements of existing irrigation reservoirs or tanks, provided that either the quantity of waterto be impounded, or the area to be irrigated is not more than the quantity previously impounded,or the area previously irrigated, by them; and (b) the substitution of a new irrigation reservoir forand in supersession of an existing irrigation reservoir but in a different situation, or for and insupersession of a group of existing "irrigation reservoirs, provided that the new work eitherimpounds not more than the total quantity of water previously impounded by the supersededworks, or irrigates not more than the total area previously irrigated by the superseded works.(4) Any increase of capacity other than what falls under "Repair of Irrigation Reservoirs" as definedabove shall be regarded as a "New Irrigation Reservoir".II.The Mysore Government shall not, without the previous consent of the Madras Government orbefore a decision under rule IV below build (a) any "New Irrigation Reservoirs" across any part ofthe fifteen main rivers named in the appended Schedule A, or across any stream named inSchedule B below the point specified in column (5) of the said Schedule B, or in any drainage areaspecified in the said Schedule B, or (b) any "New anicut" across the streams of Schedule A,Nos. 4 to 9 and 14 and 15, or across any of the streams of Schedule B, or across the followingstreams of Schedule A, lower than the points specified hereunder:Across 1. Tungabhadra — lower than the road crossing at Honhalli,Across 10. Cauvery — lower than the Ramaswami anicut, andAcross 13. Kabani — lower than the Rampur anicut.III. When the Mysore Government desires to construct any "New Irrigation Reservoir" or any new anicutrequiring the previous consent of the Madras Government under the last preceding rule, then fullinformation regarding the proposed work shall be forwarded to the Madras Government and theconsent of the Government shall be obtained previous to the actual commencement of work. TheMadras Government shall be bound not to refuse such consent except for the protection ofprescriptive right already acquired and actually existing, the existence, extent and nature of suchright and the mode of exercising it being in every case determined in accordance with the law onthe subject of prescriptive right to use of water and in accordance with what is fair and reasonableunder all the circumstance of eachIV.Should there arise a difference of opinion between the Madras and Mysore Government in any casein which the consent of the former is applied for under the last preceding rule, the same shall bereferred to the final decision either of arbitrators appointed by both Governments, or of theGovernment of India.V. The consent of the Madras Government is given to new irrigation reservoirs specified in theappended Schedule C with the exception of the Srinivasaagara new reservoir, across the Pennar,the Ramasamudram new reservoir across the Chitravati, and the Venkatesagara new reservoiracross the Papaghni. Should, owing to omission of the Mysore Government to make or maintainthese works in reasonably adequate standard of safety, irrigation works in Madras, themselves in a‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 131 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

condition of reasonably adequate safety, be damaged, the Mysore Government shall pay to theMadras Government reasonable compensation for such damage. As regards the three newreservoirs excepted above the admissibility of any compensation from Mysore to Madras onaccount of loss accruing to Madras irrigation works from diminution of supply of water caused bythe construction of the said works, will be referred to the Government of India whose decision willbe excepted as final and should such compensation be decided to be admissible, the decision ofthe Government of India as to the amount thereof will be accepted, after submission to them ofthe claims of Madras which would be preferred in full detail within a period of five years after thecompletion of said works.VIThe foregoing rules shall apply as far as may be to the Madras Government regards streamsflowing through British territory into Mysore.Schedule A1. Tungabhadra -----2. Tunga Tributary of Tungabhadra3. Bhadra Tributary of Tungabhadra4. Hagari or Vedavati Tributary of Tungabhadra5. Pennar or Northern Pinakini -----6. Chitravati Tributary of Pennar or Northern Pinakini7. Papaghni -----8. Palar -----9. Pennar or Southern Pinakini -----10. Cauvery ........11. Hemavathi Tributary of the Cauvery12. Lakshmanatirtha Tributary of the Cauvery13. Kabani ------14. Honhole (or Swanravati) Tributary of the Cauvery15. Yagachi up to the Belur Bridge Tributary of the Hemavathi* Known as the 'Ponniar' in Madras[Note: Schedules B and C have not been reproduced.!Cauvery Waters – 1924 AgreementFinal agreement between the Mysore and the Madras Governments in regard to theconstruction of a dam and reservoir at Krishnarajasagara — 18th February 1924.Agreement1. WHEREAS by an agreement, dated 18th February 1892, commonly known and cited as the 1892agreement, entered into between the Government of His Highness of Maharaja of Mysore here inafter referred to as the Mysore Government and the Government of Madras, hereinafter referred toas the Madras Government, certain rules and schedules defining the limits within which the newirrigation works are to be constructed by the Mysore Government without previous references to theMadras Government were framed and agreed to and :2. WHEREAS under clause III of the said agreement the Mysore Government asked for the consent ofthe Madras Government to the construction of a dam and a reservoir across and on the river Cauveryat Kannambadi now known as the Krishnarajasagara dam and reservoir: and3. WHEREAS a dispute arose as to the terms under which the Mysore Government were to construct thedam in the manner and form proposed by them : and‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 132 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

4. WHEREAS such dispute was referred to the arbitration of Sir H.D.Griffin who gave an award in theyear 1914 as to the terms and conditions under which the Madras Government should consent to theconstruction of the said dam and reservoir; and5. WHEREAS the Madras Government after the said award of the said arbitrator was ratified by theGovernment of India, appealed to the Secretary of State for India who re-opened the question; and6. WHEREAS thereupon the Mysore Government and the Madras Government with a view to anamicable settlement of the dispute entered into negotiations with each other; and7. WHEREAS as the result of such negotiations, certain Rules of Regulation of the Krishnarajasagarreservoir were framed and agreed to by the Chief Engineers of the Mysore and Madras Governmentson the 26th day of July of the year 1921, such Rules of Regulation forming Annexure 1 to thisagreement; and8. WHEREAS thereafter the technical officers of two Governments have met in conference and examinedthe question of irrigation in their respective territories with a view to reaching an amicablearrangement: and9. WHEREAS as the result of such examination and conference by the technical officers of the twoGovernments, certain points with respect to such extension were agreed to respectively by the ChiefEngineer for Irrigation, Madras and the Special Officer, Krishnarajasagara Works at Bangalore, on the14th day of September 1923, such points forming Annexure III to this agreement.10. NOW THESE PRESENTS witness that the Mysore Government and the Madras Government do herebyagree and bind themselves, their successors and representatives as follows:-(i)The Mysore Government shall be entitled to construct and the Madras Government do hereby assentunder clause III of the 1892 agreement to the Mysore Government constructing a dam and areservoir across and on the river Cauvery at Kannambadi, now known as the Krishnarajasagara,such dam and reservoir to be of storage capacity of not higher than 112 feet above the sill of theunder-sluices now in existence corresponding to 124 feet above bed of the river before constructionof the dam and to be of the effective capacity of 44827 m.c. feet measured from the sill of theirrigation sluices constructed at 60 feet level above the bed of the river up to the maximum height ofthe 124 feet above the bed of the river; the level of the bed of the river before the construction ofthe reservoir being taken as 12 feet below the sill level of the existing under-sluices: and such damand reservoir to be in all respects as described in schedule forming Annexure II to this agreement.(ii) The Mysore Government in their part hereby agree to regulate the discharge through and from thesaid reservoir strictly in accordance with the Rules of Regulation set forth in the Annexure 1 whichRules of Regulation shall be and form part of this agreement.(iii) The Mysore Government hereby agree to furnish to the Madras Government within two years fromthe date of the present agreement dimensioned plans of anicuts and sluices or open heads at theoff-takes of all existing irrigation channels having their source in the rivers Cauvery,Lakshmanatirtha and Hemavathi, showing thereon in a distinctive colour all alterations that havebeen made subsequent to the year 1910, and further to furnish maps similarly showing the locationof the areas irrigated by the said channels prior to or in the year 1910.(iv) The Mysore Government on their part shall be at liberty to carry out future extensions of irrigation inMysore under the Cauvery and its tributaries to an extent now fixed at 110,000 acres. This extent ofnew irrigation of 110,000 acres shall be in addition to and irrespective of the extent of irrigationpermissible under the Rules of Regulation forming Annexure I to this agreement, viz., 125,000 acresplus the extension permissible under each of the existing channels to the extent of one-third of thearea actually irrigated under such channel in or prior to 1910.(v) The Madras Government on their part agree to limit the new area of irrigation under their CauveryMettur Project to 301,000 acres, and the capacity of the new reservoir at Mettur, above the lowest‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 133 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

irrigation sluice, to ninety-three thousand five hundred million cubic feet: Provided that, shouldscouring sluices be constructed in the dam at a lower level than the irrigation sluice, the dates onwhich such scouring sluices are opened shall be communicated to the Mysore Government.(vi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government agree with reference to the provisions ofclauses (iv) and (v) preceding that each Government shall arrange to supply the other as soon afterthe close of each official or calendar year, as may be convenient, with returns of the areas newlybrought under irrigation, and with the average monthly discharges at the main canal heads, as soonafter the close of each month as may be convenient.(vii) The Mysore Government on their part agree that extension of irrigation in Mysore as specified inclause (iv) above shall be carried out only by means of reservoirs constructed on the Cauvery and itstributaries mentioned in Scheduled A of the 1892 agreement. Such reservoirs may be of an effectivecapacity of 45,000 m.c. feet in the aggregate and the impounding therein shall be so regulated asnot to make any material diminution in supplies connoted by the gauges accepted in the Rules ofRegulation for the Krishnarajasagara forming Annexure I to this agreement, it being understood thatthe rules for working such reservoirs shall be so framed as to reduce to within 5 per cent any lossduring any impounding period by the adoption of suitable proportion factors, impounding formula orsuch other means as may be settled at the time.(viii) The Mysore Government further agree that full particulars and details of such reservoir schemes andof the impounding therein shall be furnished to the Madras Government to enable them to satisfythemselves that the conditions in clause (vii) above will be fulfilled should there arise any differenceof opinion between the Madras and Mysore Governments as to whether the said conditions arefulfilled in regard to any such scheme or schemes, both the Madras and Mysore Governments agreethat such difference shall be settled in the manner provided in clause (xv) below.(ix) The Mysore Government and the, Madras Government agree that the reserve storage for powergeneration purposes now provided in the Krishnarajasagara may be utilized by the MysoreGovernment according to their convenience from any other reservoir hereafter to be constructed,and the storage thus released from the Krishnarajasagara may be utilized for new irrigation withinthe extent of 110,000 acres provided for in clause (vi) above.(x) Should the Mysore Government so decide to release the reserve storage for power generationpurposes from the Krishnarajasagara the working tables for the new reservoir from which the powerwater will then be utilized shall be framed after taking into consideration the conditions specified inclause (vii) above and the altered conditions of irrigation under the Krishnarajasagara.(xi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government further agree that the limitations andarrangements embodied in clauses (iv) to (viii) supra shall, at the expiry of fifty years from the dateof the execution of these presents, be open to reconsideration in the light of the experience gainedand of an examination of the possibilities of the further extension of irrigation within the territories ofthe respective Governments and to such modifications and additions as may be mutually agreedupon as the result of such reconsideration.(xii) The Madras Government and the Mysore Government further agree that the limits of extension ofirrigation specified in clauses (iv) and (v) above shall not preclude extensions of irrigation effectedsolely by improvement of duty without any increase of the quantity of water used.(xiii) Nothing herein agreed to or contained shall be deemed to qualify or limit in any manner theoperation of the 1892 agreement in regard to matters other than those to which this agreementrelates or to affect the rights of the Mysore Government to construct new irrigation works on thetributaries of the Cauvery in Mysore not included in Schedule A of the 1892 agreement.(xiv) The Madras Government shall be at liberty to construct new irrigation works on the - tributaries ofthe Cauvery in Madras, and/ should the Madras Government construct, on the Bhavani, Amaravathyor Noyil rivers in Madras, any new storage reservoir, the Mysore Government shall be at liberty to‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 134 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

construct as an off-set, a storage reservoir, in addition to those referred to in clause (vii) of thisagreement on one of the tributaries of the Cauvery in Mysore, of a capacity not exceeding 60 percent of the new reservoir in Madras. Provided that the impounding in such reservoirs shall notdiminish or affect in any way the supplies to which the Government and the Mysore Governmentrespectively are entitled under this agreement, or the division of surplus water which, it isanticipated, will be available for division on the termination of this agreement as provided in clause(xi)(xv) The Madras Government and the Mysore Government hereby agree that, if any time there shouldarise any dispute between the Madras Government and the Mysore Government touching theinterpretation or operation or carrying out of this-agreement, such dispute shall be referred forsettlement to arbitration, or if the parties so agree shall be submitted to the Government of India.18th February 1924P. HAWKINS.Secretary to the Government,Public Works Department, Madras.18th February 1924.A.R. BANERJI,Dewan of Mysore.Cauvery Waters – 1974 ProposalDraft proposals of the GOI of 1974It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of Cauvery. It is further agreed that there is scopefor effecting economies in the present use of the Cauvery waters and that maximum possible economieson the present use of Cauvery waters be effected. Water thus saved shall be used to provide additionalirrigation facilities and meet the needs of domestic and industrial uses. It is recognized that there is needfor integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin and for regulation of the releases from variousreservoirs to ensure optimum utilization and equitable distribution of the waters. With a view to achievingthe aforesaid objectives it is hereby agreed as under:1. Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of appropriate status from each ofthese States, namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, as members and an Irrigation Engineer ofappropriate status nominated by the Central Government as Chairman, should be constitutedforthwith. The main functions of this Authority will be as follows:-(a) Collect data regarding availability of water at various points and regulate available supplies in such away to ensure most equitable distribution of water amongst the various States. In good years, thewater surplus to the actual needs based on the present use namely 489 TMC by Tamil Nadu, 177TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala shall be distributed pro-rata of their present uses. In leanyears, the deficits below the figures of 489 TMC for Tamil Nadu, 177 TMC for Karnataka and 5 TMCfor Kerala, shall also be shared pro-rata of their present uses. The major reservoirs in the Cauverybasin shall be regulated in an integrated manner with a view to derive maximum benefits consistentwith the equitable distribution of water as indicated above.(b) To scrutinise various schemes for effecting savings in the present use of waters to be undertaken byTamil Nadu and Karnataka and monitor the progress of implementation of these schemes inaccordance with a phased programme and assess the actual savings resulting from these schemesfrom time to time.(c) Assess the needs of additional areas being developed for irrigation from time to time and ensure thatthere is minimum gap between the cumulative savings effected and the additional requirements ofareas being newly developed.(d) The Authority shall take review of the needs of the areas which are developed hitherto, economieseffected hereafter, and needs of additional areas being progressively developed every five years.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 135 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Final review shall be taken at the end of 15 year's period from now by which time economies to theextent indicated in Clause 2 below are expected to be realised and additional areas developed forutilizing the waters saved to the fullest extent. The Authority shall submit its recommendations onthe basis of final review to the three State Governments and Central Government.(e) As and when the savings effected by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka become available, the Authorityshall apportion them to the three State Governments in accordance with the basis given underClause 2 below.2. It is agreed that Tamil Nadu shall take steps to effect savings of 100 TMC from its present use andKarnataka shall take steps to effect a savings of 25 TMC from its present use. These savings shall beeffected in a phased manner over a period of 15 years. The present use in each of the States hasbeen assessed on the basis of the last five years data ending 1971-72 as follows:-Tamil NaduKarnatakaKeralaTotal489 TMC177 TMC5 TMC671 TMCThe savings above effected shall be distributed on the following basis:-Two TMC each for the three States, for meeting the new industrial and domestic water supply needs andthe balance left, namely, 119 TMC shall be distributed amongst the three States of Karnataka, Kerala andTamil Nadu in proportion to the reasonable requirements of water for further development of irrigation,which are assessed as under:-Tamil NaduKarnatakaKerala4 TMC138 TMC53 TMCAccordingly, the distribution of 125 TMC of the savings shall be as under:-Industrial and domesticwater supply (TMC ft)Irrigationdevelopment(TMC ft)Total (TMC ft)(1) (2) (3) (4)Tamil Nadu 2 2 4Karnataka 2 85 87Kerala 2 32 34Total 6 119 1253. Kerala has plans to divert 16 TMC of water from Kabini sub-basin towards the west by means ofMananthody Project to utilise the waters for irrigation and hydro-power generation. It was agreedthat this use will be examined by the Cauvery Valley Authority as well as the three StateGovernments after five years or, if mutually agreed upon, even earlier.4. Scrutiny and acceptance of the projects proposed by the States concerned, envisaging utilisationwithin limits, as indicated under Clause 2 above, should not be held up for want of agreement oninter-State aspects.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 136 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

5. The State Government shall consider recommendations of the Authority the basis of final review atthe end of 15 years and shall review the allocation of the Cauvery waters on the basis of facts anddata then available.6. The State Governments by mutual agreement shall alter the functions of the Cauvery Valley Authorityas given in Clause I above.Draft proposals of the GOI of 1976, 1981 & 1992Draft proposals of the GOI of 1976It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of the Cauvery. It is further agreed that there isscope for effecting economies in the present use of the Cauvery waters without detriment to existingayacuts and that maximum possible economies in the present use of Cauvery water be effected. Watersthus saved shall be used to provide additional multi-purpose benefits. It is recognized that there is needfor integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin and for regulation of the releases from variousreservoirs to ensure optimum utilisation and equitable distribution of the waters, with a view to achievingthe aforesaid objectives, it is hereby agreed as under:-(1) Fixing utilisation of Cauvery waters is agreed as 671 TMC comprising 489 TMC by Tamil Nadu, 177TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.(2) In a normal year, the existing areas under irrigation shall be fully protected.(3) In the lean years, the manner of sharing the available waters shall be worked out by a Committee ofrepresentatives of the Central and State Governments and submitted for consideration at the nextmeeting of Chief Ministers.(4) This committee shall also work out the quantities of surplus waters presently available for use. Thewaters surplus over the existing use of 671 TMC shall be shared in the ratio of 30:53:17 amongst theStates of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala respectively.(5) Tamil Nadu and the Karaikal region of Pondicherry shall take steps to effect saving of 25 TMC from itspresent use by various measures such as modernisation of existing irrigation system, improvement inwater management, reducing seepage losses etc.(6) The savings shall be effected within a maximum period of 15 years. The Central Government willdevise ways and means to provide necessary outlays (made up of States' contribution and Centralassistance) in Plan for the improvement measures aforesaid. At the end of five years Tamil Nadu shallsave 20 TMC and Karnataka 5 TMC. These savings shall be distributed in the ratio of 4:138:53amongst Tamil Nadu. Karnataka and Kerala respectively. In the sixth year, a review will be made ofthe progress achieved by the three Chief Ministers and the Union Minister of Agriculture and Irrigationwho will lay down programme for next five years and give appropriate directions.(7) At the end of 15 years, the savings shall be distributed amongst the three States as under:-Tamil NaduKarntakaKeralaTotal4 TMC87 TMC34 TMC125 TMC(8) Out of the quantity so distributed, 2 TMC each shall be allowed for industrial and domestic watersupply.(9) Both States of Karnataka and Kerala shall be allowed to use the quantities of water allocated out ofthe savings on such projects as they may consider necessary for the efficient use of water in theirterritory. The sub-basin wise break-up of use by Kerala of 34 TMC shall be decided in a meeting ofthe' representatives of the three States and the Centre.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 137 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

(10) A Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of appropriate status from eachof the States namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala as Members and an Irrigation Engineer ofappropriate status not belonging to any of the three States nominated by the Central Governmentas Chairman shall be constituted.(11) The functions and rules of procedure of the Cauvery Valley Authority as drafted by the committeeof Secretaries of three States shall be considered at the next meeting of the Chief Ministers.Draft proposals of the Karnataka - 1981Draft agreement circulated by Karnataka in 1981WHEREAS the Governments of Karnataka, Keraia, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry are desirous of arriving atan agreement for the sharing of Cauvery Waters with a view to:-a) Finding an overall approach for the optimum and equitable use of all the waters in the Cauvery Basin;b) Eliminating or minimising social, economic and regional imbalances among the basin States;c) Providing fair and equitable share of waters to the respective States; andd) resolving by negotiations all problems that have arisen or may arise in future amicably amongst thebasin States, hereby agree as follows:-1. The average yield in the Cauvery river basin above and upto delta, based on the long term data from1900-01 to 1971-72 is 792 TMC. This average surface yield of 792 TMC is accepted as being availablefor the purpose of allocations.2. In the Cauvery Delta rainfall contributes about 230 TMC. It is agreed that about 88 TMC of this, asindicated by UNDP, would also be available for use. Thus the total surface flows available in the entirebasin including the delta would be 792 + 88 = 880 TMC per annum.3. Fair and equitable allocation of 880 TMC of surface yield in the basin amongst the basin States shallbe made taking into consideration the basin factors viz., drainage area, yield contribution, cultivablearea, cultivable command, population and drought prone area in each State. Accordingly, theallocations of surface yield amongst the States shall be as under:PercentageQuantity in TMC1. Karnataka 47 4142. Kerala 5 433. Tamil Nadu 47 4144. Pondicherry 1 9Total 100 880In addition, each State shall be entitled to utilise all the underground and regenerated waters within itsterritory.4. It is hereby agreed that to ensure Pondicherry's share of water at the borders of Tamil Nadu,Government of India shall, in consultation with the said States, appoint an appropriate authority.5. This agreement does not preclude any State from diverting any portion of its allocated waters outsidethe basin by mutual agreement among the affected States.6. The waters of the Cauvery and its tributaries may be developed by each of the States to generatemaximum hydroelectric power by existing and new works within its territory.7. All States shall meet their domestic and industrial water needs out of their overall allocations.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 138 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

8. Annual hydrological data regarding flows, withdrawals and spillages at all major works and terminalanicuts/distributaries shall be maintained and exchanged by all States for requisite verification.9. This agreement shall be liable to review after a period of 25 years, subject to the condition that theallocations made in Clause 3 above, shall not be altered in any manner detrimental to any State.Draft proposals by Tamil Nadu - 1981Draft proposals circulated by Tamil Nadu in 19811. Cauvery is the only major river flowing through Tamil Nadu. Irrigation in the Cauvery delta hasdeveloped steadily with the untiring efforts of the people ever since the great Karikala Chola built theGrand anicut in the second century A.D. The delta is ideally suited for cultivation and hence the bulkof the utilization under Cauvery is in Tamil Nadu. When the then Mysore State wanted to buildreservoirs for impounding the Cauvery flows, negotiations between the two Governments were heldfor over a decade before the 1924 Agreement was finally concluded. This agreement is fair andreasonable in that it provides for parallel development of irrigation in both the States after ensuringthat the ayacut already established is fully protected.2. The use of waters in the Cauvery basin is now regulated by the 1924 agreement. The 1924Agreement being a permanent one, not only provides for the method of sharing Cauvery Waters butalso provides for a review of certain clauses of the same. Clause 10 (ix) of the Agreement providesthat the limitations and arrangements embodied in clauses (iv) to (viii) of clause 10, shall at theexpiry of fifty years from the date of the execution of the agreement, be open to reconsideration inthe light of the experience gained and of an examination of the possibilities of the further extensionof irrigation within the territories of the respective Governments and to such modifications andadditions as may be mutually agreed upon as the result of such reconsideration. According to Clause10 (xvi) of the agreement, the impounding in the new reservoirs if and when built shall not diminishor affect in any way the supplies to which the Madras Government (now Tamil Nadu Government)and Mysore Government (now Karnataka Government) are respectively entitled to or the division ofsurplus water which it is anticipated will be available for division (at the end of fifty years' period ofagreement) as provided in the said clause 10 (xvi).3. To collect the data required for the review and to identifying the surpluses, if any, the Government ofIndia with the consent of the Governments of the basin States, constituted a Cauvery Fact FindingCommittee in 1972. This Committee in their report to the Government of India gave the followingfindings which the Chief Ministers of the basin States accepted in their subsequent meetings:-(i)Existing ayacut (cropped area as in 1971-72) using Cauvery waters is about 35.57 lakh acrescomprising 28.21 lakh acres in Tamil Nadu and Karaikal region of Pondicherry, 6.83 lakh acres inKarnataka and 0.53 lakh acres in Kerala.(ii) Existing utilisation of Cauvery waters is 748 TMC in a year based on the long term data of 38 years,viz., 1934-35 to 1971-72 and this comprises of 566 TMC by Tamil Nadu including Karaikal region ofPondicherry, 177 TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.(iii) The total yield of the basin is 670 TMC on 75 per cent dependability basis and 740 TMC on 50 percent dependability basis.4. In the light of the above, it is seen that the Cauvery river and its tributaries are already overburdenedwith the existing commitments. Hence there is no need for any modifications or alterations tothe clauses 10 (iv) to 10 (viii) and 10 (xiv) of the 1924 agreement. The regulation of the dischargesthrough and from the Krishnarajasagar reservoirs should be done in accordance with the rules ofregulation set forth in the Annexure 1 to the agreement and the rules of regulation for the newreservoirs should be framed in the manner envisaged in clause 10 (xvi) of die agreement.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 139 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

5. Consequent on the States' Reorganisation and subsequent renaming of the States, the Stateboundaries within the Cauvery basin have changed. This has brought in Kerala as one of the basinStates besides Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.6. The Tamil Nadu Government will agree to the formation of a Cauvery Valley Authority provided theAuthority is vested with powers to regulate the flows from and through the reservoirs of KarnatakaGovernment as per the rules of regulation specified in the 1924 Agreement.Resolution of Farmers’ of Karnataka and Tamilnadu – 1992Resolution adopted at a meeting of farmers, experts and other citizens from Karnataka andTamil Nadu, organized in Bangalore on March 28,1992 by Pragati VedikeA number of distinguished citizens belonging to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu issued a Citizens' Joint Appealon Cauvery Issue on February 14, 1992 which was widely welcomed. This follow-up meeting of farmers'representatives, experts and citizens from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu was held in Bangalore on March 28,1992. About 200 invitees from various organizations and walks of life participated in this meeting. Theyincluded leaders and representatives of farmers' organisations, former judges and Ministers, socialscientists, educationists, administrators, advocates and other professionals, observers from the Centraland State Governments, representatives of voluntary organisations, writers and journalists.At the outset we wish to record our deep distress at the violent incidents that took place in December1991 in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. We condemn the anti-social elements who were responsible fortarnishing the long history of good neighbourly relations between our two sister States. We appeal to thegovernments and political parties in both States to ensure that such tragic incidents are not allowed torecur ever again.Rivers do not respect political boundaries. It is not, therefore, unusual for river water disputes to arisebetween neighbouring countries or neighbouring States in the same country. Many such disputes havebeen avoided or resolved in India and elsewhere by resorting to negotiation, conciliation or arbitration.Solutions thus arrived at have also been sustained over time. The Cauvery river waters disputes can alsobe solved and it must be solved in a cooperative framework. There are enough waters in the Cauvery, ifthey are used economically, and efficiently, to be shared in a fair and equitable manner among thefarmers in the basin States. We are confident that this should be possible if the necessary effort,goodwill, and political maturity are forthcoming.Various issues relating to the sharing of the Cauvery waters are at present before the Cauvery WaterDisputes Tribunal. It is unfortunate that it has not been possible to resolve these issues through negotiations,making it necessary to resort to adjudication which involves adversarial procedures. What isimportant at this juncture is for the parties concerned to avoid extreme and provocative positions beforethe Tribunal, in legislatures or in public forums and the media. Any such course will be counterproductiveby increasing tension and bitterness and will undermine the sustainability of any settlementthat may be eventually reached. We appeal to both governments to cooperate with each other.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 140 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Cauvery Facts Finding Committee and its report:-While discussions continued, a Cauvery Fact Finding Committee (CFFC) was constituted. The brief of theCFFC was to inspect the ‘ground’ realities and come up with a report. The CFFC came up with apreliminary report in 1972 and a final report in 1973. Constituted by the Govt. of India vide resolutionNo. 14/6/72-WD dated 12.6.1972 consisting of engineers, a retired Judge of the High Court and otherexperts to collect all the connected data pertaining to Cauvery waters, its utilisation and irrigationpractices as well as projects both existing, under construction, and proposed in the Cauvery basin. TheCommittee was only to collect the data and not to make any recommendation. The terms of thereference of the Committee were: (headed by C.C.Patel,Additional Secretrary of the Central WATERRESOURCES)“(i) To collect all the connected data pertaining to Cauvery waters; its utilisation at different points oftime; irrigation practices; as well as projects both existing, under construction, and proposed in theCauvery basin.(ii) to examine adequacy of the present supplies or excessive use of water for irrigation purposes.(iii) to collect data relevant to the use of water in different States like the physical and other features;cultivated areas; existing and proposed uses for domestic and industrial water supply; hydroelectricpower generation, navigation, salinity control and othernon-irrigation purposes(iv) Any other connected matters.”The Committee was to commence its work with effect from 15th June 1972 and to submit the report tothe Government of India by 15 th September 1972. TheCentral Water and Power Commission was askedto provide technical and secretarial staff for assisting the Committee.During the discussions with the Cauvery Fact Finding Committee, the States of Kerala, Tamil Naduand Mysore filed statements giving their assessment of the total yield in the Cauvery basin.According to the State of Kerala, the total yield of the Cauvery basin was 663.24 TMC; according tothe State of Tamil Nadu, the total yield was 600 TMC; and so far as the State of Mysore wasconcerned, according to them, the total yield of the whole Cauvery basin was 760 TMC. In thestatements, the three respective States also gave break-up of the yield in the three States separatelyand then the total thereof (Vide page 113, 115, & 117 of TNDC Volume XIV). In the proceedings ofthe meeting held on 10.11.1972 at New Delhi with the Cauvery Fact Finding Committee, the fact thatthe yield calculations were presented by the Mysore representatives is also recorded as under:-“The Mysore representatives then furnished the yield calculations for the Cauvery Basin in Mysore,Kerala and Tamil Nadu and according to this statement, the total yield worked out for the whole ofthe Cauvery Basin is 760 TMC.”After mentioning the requirement of Kerala for water for successful paddy cultivation and hydropowerresources and generation it has been said that according to the Government of Kerala theirterritory contributes about 214 TMC of water to the Cauvery basin out of which they propose toutilise 208.7 TMC for irrigation and power production including 50.7 TMC for diversion from east towest.The State of Mysore claimed that it needed water for irrigation and domestic water supply for theState which in future shall be about 410 TMC against their estimated contribution of 480 TMC.Tamil Nadu claimed that it had very few water resources and the Cauvery delta was a rice bowl of theState where bulk requirement of rice is produced. Although there were other rivers in the State, butCauvery was the only dependable one. It was also said on behalf of the Tamil Nadu that for‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 141 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

dependable supplies to the delta the State had to depend on upstream catchment in Kerala andMysore. According to the Tamil Nadu their present use at that time was 573.4 TMC and the ultimateplanned utilisation to meet the needs of irrigation, domestic, industrial uses etc. could be 641.5 TMC.The Committee has noted that according to Tamil Nadu schemes for modernization have been takenup and in that connection it has been stated: “..........To improve the existing irrigation and achievingbetter water management control; to avoid over-withdrawal by some areas and to avoid complaintsat the tail end, the Cauvery Delta system is proposed to be modernised. This shall be achieved byconstruction of several important works including sinking of filter points to provide irrigation suppliesin early nursery period and late maturity periods when it may not be possible to release waters fromMettur.” (Ref. TN Vol. XV, Exh. 840, Page 43, Para 4)Then the Committee has said under heading ‘Total requirements of Cauvery Waters as claimed bythe States’ as follows:“It can be seen from the above that according to the Government of Kerala thepresent use of Cauvery waters within that State is 142 M.cu.m. (5 TMC) and the ultimate plannedutilisation to meet the needs of irrigation, power production (by westward diversion), domestic andindustrial uses etc. would be 5910 M.cu.m. (208.7 TMC). According to the Government of Mysoretheir present use is4848 M.cu.m. (171.2 TMC) and the ultimate planned utilisation to meet the needsof irrigation, domestic and industrial uses etc. would be 11613 M.cu.m. (410.1 TMC). According tothe Government of Tamil Nadu their present use is 16237 M.cu.m. (573.4 TMC) and the ultimateplanned utilisation to meet the needs of irrigation, domestic and industrial uses etc. would be 18168M.cu.m. (641.5 TMC) (including requirements of Pondicherry). According to these claims the totalplanned proposed utilisation, after taking into account existing projects, projects underconstructionand future projects by the three States would thus be 35693 M.cu.m.(1260TMC) from theCauvery waters. This is made up of 1435.7 M.cu.m. (50.7 TMC) for power generation by westwarddiversion, 26321 M.cu.m. (929 TMC) for Major and Medium irrigation works in the CauveryWatershed, 1246 M.cu.m. (44 TMC) for irrigation use outside the Cauvery Watershed, 3846 M.cu.m.(135.8 TMC) for minor irrigation works, 1218 M.cu.m. (43 TMC) for reservoir evaporation losses and1614 M.cu.m. (57 TMC) for domestic and industrial requirements. Thus the total present utilisation ofCauvery waters as indicated by the States is about 21238 M.cu.m. (750 TMC) against the totalplanned use of 35693.00 M.cu.m. (1260 TMC).” (Ref. ibid. Pages (43-44)It may be pointed out that before the Committee the State of Kerala had admitted that by the year1972 they were utilising 5 TMC of the water only. Similarly, Mysore had admitted that they wereutilising only 171.2 TMC. Tamil Nadu, however, was utilising 573.4 TMC. Taking all presentutilisation the Committee recorded that the present utilisation was 750 TMC although the totalplanned use was 1260 TMC. Again at page 51 of TN Vol. XV under the headingThe areas under irrigation and the water use for irrigating those areas by different States and givenbelow:--sl.nostate schems –operation prior to1928schemsoperationprior to1928-56schemsoperationprior to1956-71total ofmajor&mediumschemsevprnlossMinorirrgn.domesticWStotal usearea/TMC area/TMC area/TMC area/TMC area/TMC Pop/TMC area/TMCYear 19011 TN 13.853/384.9 ---- ----- 13.853/384.9 ----- 2.19/44.0 ---/1.20 16.043/430.132 MYS 1.11/26.463 ---- ---- 1.11/26.463 1.991/45.5 --- 3.101/71.963 KERtotal-14.963/411.363------- -----14.963/411.363---4.181/89.5 ----/1.219.144/502.09‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 142 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Year 19281 TN 13.853/384.9 -- ------- 13.853/384.9 --- 2.21/44.0 ---/2.1 16.063/431.02 MYS 1.11./26.463 --- ---- 1.112/26.463 --- 2.039/46.00 ------ 3.149/72.463 KER--- ----------total 14.963/411.36314.963/411.3634.249/90.0 ---/2.1 19.212/503.46Year 19561 TN 5.375/384.9 5.384/100.6 -- 20.759/485.5 8.0 2.412/48.0 --/3.1 23.171/514.62 MYS 1.395/34.211 2.059/56.2 --- 3.454/90.411 5.34 2.2/50.0 -/4.0 5.654/149.7513 KER----13.34 0.063/5.0---/0.10.063/5.1total 16.77/419.11 7.443/156.824.213/575.9114.675/103.00--28.888/699.451Year 19711 TN 18.911/384.9 5.746/100.6 0.62/15.9 25.299/501.4 9.0 2.909/58.0 ---/5.0 28.208/573.42 MYS 1.862/45.79 2.049/56.2 0.359/7.81 4.28/15.1 6.4 2.409/54.7 71.38/5.0 0.68/171.03 KER0.063/5.0 -- /0.1 0.063/5.1total 20.773/430.69 7.895/156.8 1.001/23.71 29.579/606.5 15.4 5.381/117.7 7.138/10.1 34.951/749.7S.No.Name of. rivername oftributaryLocationwhetherGorGDstartedinAgency1 Cauvery --- Mettur dam GD 1934 SID2 --do-- ------ JedarpalayamBR GD 1952 SID3 --do-- ------- GD 1952 SID4 --do-- ------ KulitalaiBR GD 1873 SID5 --do-- ------ UpperAnicut GD 1891 SID6 Cauivery(Coleroon) ------ Grand anicut GD 1879 SID7 CauveryBhavani ------ Lower anicut GD 1953 SID8 --do-- ------ Kodiveri Anicut GD 1879 SID9 --do-- ------ kalinagayan Anicut GD 1880 SID10 --do-- Noyyil Noyyil Anicut GD 1880 SID11 --do-- --do-- Kunnimathur GD 1952 SID12 --do-- Amaravati PallipalayamAnicut GD 1879 SIDG-gauge observationGD-Gauge&Discharge observations SID—State Irrigation Dept.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 143 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

GAUGE AND DISCHARGE SITES IN MYSORESl.No.Name of theriverName ofTributaryLocation GD Startedin1 Cauery Chunchunakatte GD 19222 ---do--- KRS GD 19563 ---do--- Dhangere GD 19474 ---do--- Sivasamudram GD 19165 ---do--- Hemavaty Akkihebbal GD 19226 ---do--- Lakshmana thirtha Unduvadi GD 19227 ---do--- Kabini Hullahalli GD 19168 ---do--- Nugu Birwal GD 1922GD = Gauge and discharge observations.Assessment by the CommitteeIn view of the long-term record available for the main Cauvery at Krishnarajasagar, Mettur and GrandAnicut/Lower Anicut, the Committee has estimated the yield at 50%, 75% and 90% dependabilities.Since,there are reservoirs at Krishnarajasagar and Mettur, the yield figures would be of high degree ofreliability. Mettur also serves as a guide to estimate the yields at the boundary of Mysore and TamilNadu, as there is only a small catchment of Tamil Nadu, upstream of Mettur. The terminal usage pointon the river is the Lower Anicut and the data of the Grand Anicut/Lower Anicut has been taken forestimating the total yield of the basin.Yield at Krishnarajasagar:The volumes of observed inflow into Krishnarajasagar areavailable from 1933-34 to 1970-71. Forobtaining the annual historical flow, the volumes of withdrawals for each of the year due to Major,Mediumand Minor schemes upstream of Krishnarajasagar dam are added to the observed flow for thecorresponding years for the period (1933-34 to 1970-71). The existing (1971) utilisation due to fourMajor and Medium Irrigation Schemes above Krishnarajasagar (viz. Hemavathi, Cauvery,Lakshmanathirtha and Yagachi) is of the order of 637.20M.cu.m. (22.5 TMC) as given in annexure VI(Mysore State). This annexure also gives the area irrigated and total utilisation by existing irrigationworks in Cauvery Basin in Mysore State as in 1971, whileAnnexure I (Mysore State) gives the areas ofthe ayacut as in 1901 and 1951. Volumes of water utilisations have been worked out in proportion to thearea under irrigation in these years, for 95940 acres of area,volume of water used has been given as637.20 M.cu.m. (22.5TMC).Having obtained the utilisation values for the three years 1901, 1951 and1971, a smooth curve has been drawn to compute or interpolate the utilisation due to these mediumschemes upstream of Krishnarajasagar for each of the years for the period 1933-34 to 1970-71.To this the use by major schemes is added. The withdrawals due to minor schemes uptoKrishnarajasagar have been computed as in 1901, 1928, 1956 and1971 in proportion to the catchmentarea upto Krishnarajasagar to the tchment area of Cauvery basin in Mysore State. Having derived the26volumes of utilisation due to Minor schemes upto Krishnarajasagar for these four years, a smooth curveis drawn to interpolate the utilization values for each of the years for the period 1933-34 to 1970-71 Thevolumes of withdrawals due to Major, Medium and Minor schemes for each of the years are added to the‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 144 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

corresponding observed volumes of flow at Krishnarajasagar to obtain historical flow series for theperiod 1933-34 to 1970-71.50%, 75% and 90% dependable runoff or yield is worked out, bythe frequency analysis of the 38 yearshistorical runoff series at Krishnarajasagar. These are 6213.441 M.cu.m. (219.4 TMC), 5318.50 M.cu.m.(187.8 TMC) and 4746.43 M.cu.m. (167.6TMC). As against this in the table on page 41 of the write-upsupplied by the Government of Mysore on 13-10-72 the 50% yield upto K.R. Sagar has been indicated bythem to be 6400.32 M.cu.m. (226TMC). This fairly agrees with the 50% dependable runoff as estimatedby the Committee.Mettur ReservoirThe observed flow data of river Cauvery at Mettur Reservoir is available from 1934-35 to 1971-72. Thevolumes of withdrawals at Mysore State due to anicut channels as in 1971 is also given as 1345.20M.cu.m. (47.5 TMC) for an irrigated area of 77782.4 hectares (194456 acres). Applying the ratio of thearea irrigated in 1971, to the areas under irrigation for the years 1901 and 1951, the utilisation at thesepoints of time, viz., 1901, 1951 and 1971 are obtained and a smooth curve drawn through these threepoints to obtain the utilisation due to anicut channels for each Kanva , Nugu, Hebbahla, Mangala andChikhole, equal to 113.28 M.cu.m. (4 TMC), 28.32 M.cu.m. (1 TMC) 33.98 M.cu.m. (1.2 TMC), 169.9227M.cu.m.(6 TMC), 11.33 M.cu.m. (0.4 TMC) and 16.99 M.cu.m.(0.6 TMC) respectively and the utilisationsin the Chinar schemes in Tamil Nadu have also been added from the respective years of operation ofthese reservoirs to arrive at the total utilisation or withdrawals upstream of Mettur Reservoir due to Majorand Medium Irrigation schemes. The withdrawals due to Minor Irrigation schemes in Mysore State for1901, 1928, 1956 and 1971 have been indicated by Mysore to be 1288.56 M.cu.m. (45.5 TMC),1302.72 M.cu.m. (46 TMC), 1416.00M.cu.m. (50 TMC) and 1549.10 M.cu.m. (54.7 TMC) respectively.Yearly withdrawals for the period 1934-35 to 1971-72 have been interpolated with the help of a smoothcurve drawn through these four points of time in 1901, 1928, 1956 and 1971. Withdrawals due toevaporation and domestic uses have been determined on an ad hoc basis and series of historical flowsobtained for the 38 years from 1934-35 to 1971-72Applying the frequency analysis, the 50%, 75% and 90% dependable yields at Mettur M.cu.m.(414.2 TMC) respectively.From the inflows indicated in Volume II (Tamil Nadu) the 50% dependable inflows at Mettur work out tobe 9827 M.cu.m. (347 TMC). These include the runoff from the catchment of Tamil Nadu above Metturtaken to be 792.96 M.cu.m. (28 TMC). During discussions the Government of Tamil Nadu estimated thewithdrawals by Mysore to be 3993.12 M.cu.m. (141 TMC). Adding this to the 50% dependable inflowsthe yield at 50% dependability works out to 13820.16 M.cu.m. (488 TMC) against the figure of14380.90 M.cu.m. (507.8 TMC) worked out by the Committee.During discussions the representative of Tamil Nadu indicated the average inflow at Mettur to be10704.9 M.cu.m. (378 TMC) and withdrawal by Mysore to be 3993.12 M.cu.m. (141 TMC). Deducting theyield by catchment in Tamil Nadu of 792.96 M.cu.m. (28 TMC) the average inflow from the catchment ofMysore and part catchment of Kerala (Kabbini sub-basin), is estimated by them to be13905.12 M.cu.m.(491 TMC).Thus, the Government of Tamil Nadu estimated the average yield from Mysore portion of the catchmentto be 11696.16 M.cu.m. (413 TMC) assuming the flow from Kerala portion of Kabbini to be2208.96 M.cu.m.(78 TMC). They also estimated the yield from Kerala portion of Pambar and Bhavanisub-basins to be 1162.12 M.cu.m. (41 TMC). The Government of Mysore estimated the contribution fromtheir catchment to be 11554.56 M.cu.m. (408 TMC) and that of Kerala portion of Kabbini to be2208.96 M.cu.m. (78 TMC).‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 145 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Contribution from Kerala portion of Kabini sub-basin :In the Memorandum, Government of Kerala has estimated the yield from Kerala portion of Kabinisub-basin as 4332.96 M.cu.m. (153TMC). The computations are based on a comparison of the Inglisghat formula; observation of discharge by surface floats for a part of the catchment and rainfall-runoffrelationship. In extrapolating the observed runoff from the higher rainfall area which is gauged to theentire catchment, the lower rainfall in the ungauged catchment has not been allowed for. Similarly, inestablishing rainfall runoff relationship, in the lower areas, lower of the Hullahalli Anicut in Mysore. Thesegauges had been correlated with discharge observations downstream of the anicut jointly by theGovernment of Tamil Nadu and the Government of Mysore in the years 1924-25 and 1936. The averageyield at the Hullahalli Anicut is 3568.32 M.cu.m. (126 TMC). Application of the Inglis ghat formula to theKerala catchment and Inglis non-ghat formula to the Mysore portion of the catchment indicates that yieldof 5210.88 M.cu.m. (184 TMC) would be resulting from the catchment upto Hullahalli against the observe3568.32 M.cu.m. (126 TMC). The catchment area of this Sub-basin in Kerala is 1916.60 sq. km.(740 sq. miles), whereas the catchment area upto Hullahalli is 4706.03 sq. km. (1817 sq. miles). But theaverage rainfall in the Kerala catchment is nearly 299.72 cm. (118 inches), whereas the rainfall in Mysoreportion is about 33 inches. The Government of Mysore have indicated the yield of Kerala portion to be2208.96 M.cu.m. (78 TMC) by reducing the yield of 5210.88 M.cu.m.(184 TMC) using Inglis formula andscaling it down proportionately to the observed yield of 3568.32 M.cu.m. (126 TMC), assuming3228.48 M.cu.m. (114 TMC) as the yield from the Kerala catchment by applying Inglis formula.It is also found that the Government of Mysore have observed yields at Kabini dam site (catchment areaof 847 sq. miles – 2193.73 sq.km.) and the average yield of the current meter observations for 13 yearsis about 3823.20 M.cu.m. (135 TMC), which is much higher than the observed yield at Hullahalli. Thisraises a doubt about the accuracy of the yield at Hullahalli. The Committee during the inspectionobserved that lot of repairs had been carried out to the anicut, which might have affected thegauge-discharge relationship arrived at in 1936. In the opinion of the Mysore engineers, thediscrepancies are purely due to personal errors of observation at the Kabbini dam site and they placemore reliance on the Hullahalli observations. Further according to them,the site at Kabini dam is notsatisfactory.In view of the conflicting position of the figures of yield being contributed by the Kabbini sub-basin fromKerala, it is difficult to make any valid guess.After revival, the Committee held discussions with the Chief Engineers of Kerala, Mysore and TamilNadu on 23rd and 26th May 1973 and the following decisions were reached:“(i) The States will collect necessary data to enable the CFFC to carry out verification of the datafurnished in tables at pages 30,39, 40, 40A and 51 of the CFFC’s printed report of December 1972.(ii) The State Chief Engineers will signify acceptance of such of the data which they consider correct andappropriate, and furnish their comments in respect of data with which they differ. The Chief Engineerswill also furnish their comments, if any, regarding the data pertaining to other States, as furnished in thetables, referred to at (i) above.(iii) The Chief Engineers will indicate corrections, if any, in the figures iven in the published report ofCFFC of December, 1972. (v) It was agreed that ten copies of the material along with the books andregisters in support of the data (accepted and contested) will be kept ready for inspection and perusal ofthe CFFC by the Chief Engineers during their scheduled visits as given in the programme below:‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 146 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

12th to 15 th June ----------Kerala19 th to 21 st june-------Mysore22 nd to 25 th June-----Tamilnaduv) After conclusion of the visits to each State, a joint meeting will be held at New Delhi from 21.7.73 to23.7.73 where the data obtained from the different States will be made available to others forcomments.”3 (Ref. ibid. Pages 127 & 128)The Committee accordingly visited Kerala, Mysore and Tamil Nadu according to the schedule fixedfor the same. It also held meetings with the representatives of the States at Delhi from 21st to 24thJuly 1973 and each State Government was made available the notes submitted by other States.Some corrections in the original report were suggested with which for the present weare notconcerned. From Tamil Nadu (Documents) Volume XV it shall appear that at page 139 theCommittee again examined the utilisation of water at different points of time by different States.About the utilisation of the water of river Cauvery by Kerala it was said:“In Kerala the first crop of paddy is of long duration and lasts from May to December and second croplasts from January to April. Three short duration crops are also grown. The areas and yields under theautumn, winter and summer paddy crops are tabulated below. These are averages for the period from1962-63 to 1970-71……The figures of 0.5 TMC and 1 TMC for domestic and industrial supply in 1956 and 1971 are quite high,considering that only 0.1 TMC was indicated as the use for this purpose by the State Government earlier.However, the total quantity being very small, the figure of utilisation of 5 TMC as given in the CFFC reportfor 1971need not be modified. The irrigation in 1971 was 21550 ha. (53,400) acres as shown in the LandUse Statistics).”Regarding Mysore also utilisation in 1901, 1928 and 1956 were reexamined but the relevant part ofthe report for our purpose is the utilisation in the year 1971 about which it was said as follows:6“The area irrigated from schemes constructed prior to 1928 has increased to 1.821 lakh acres in 1971from 1.417 lakh acres in 1956 and the utilisation has increased to 47.08 TMC from 36.46 TMC. The areairrigated from schemes which came into operation between 1928 to 1956 has increased to 2.236 lakhacres from 1.312 lakh acres in 1956 and the utilisation has correspondingly gone upto 54.320 TMC from48.420 TMC according to the State authorities. The committee has, however, raised the figure ofutilisation for Krishnaraja Sagar to 46 TMC as discussed earlier. This would raise the figure of 1956utilisation to 52.82 instead of 48.42 adopted by the State Government.For schemes which came into operation between 1956 to 1971(vide Statement at pages 20-22) the areasand utilisation are taken from the project authorities but it is not known whether these have actuallybeen achieved in the field. The general experience is that full utilisation and Ayacut as planned in theProject Report are not realised in practice. In the case of Nugu Project, however, the utilisation of 7 TMCis the average of about 10 years as verified from the working tables of the reservoir. It has to be madeclear that except for Nugu, no corroborative evidence is available for other schemes which came intooperation between 1956 and 1971.For the minor irrigation schemes, the areas have been taken from the Statistical Abstract of Mysore for1970-71 published by the Bureau of Economics and Statistics, Government of Mysore in 1971 andutilisation for this is 54.7 TMC based on utilisation of 4.4 acres/Mcft.The total utilisation for all categories of schemes in 1971 is 176.82 TMC as per statement at pages 20-22.”(Ref. ibid. Page 145)‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 147 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

From page 148 of the said volume it shall appear that on re-examination the utilisation by Mysore wasraised from 171.2 TMC in the original report to 176.82TMC.So far Tamil Nadu is concerned, similarly utilisation in the years 1901,1928, 1956 and 1971 were reexamined.Regarding utilisation in 1971 it was said:“The areas of first crop in Cauvery delta system as indicated in the Administration Reports from 1966-67to 1969-70 varied from 9.2 lakh acres to 9.5 lakh acres and of the second crop from 2.7 lakh acres to4.4 lakh acres. Thus the Cauvery Delta system has registered a substantial increase in the second cropover that of 1956 which was 1.6 lakh acres. The latest areas as reported by the District Revenue Officersof 9.34 lakh acres for the first crop and 3.56 lakh acres for the second crop have been adopted. Theaverage withdrawal for the period of 38 years i.e. from 1934 to 1972 is 234.8 TMC. The withdrawalshave been continuously declining while the area has been increasing.In the case of Lower Coleroon anicut the figures of first crop (1.32 lakh acres) and second crop (0.3 lakhacres) which were reported by the District Revenue Officers have been adopted. The average withdrawalfor the last 38 years is 38.3 TMCThe Cauvery-Mettur Project has registered an increase in the area of first crop from 2.07 lakh acres to2.56 lakh acres, and the second crop from 0.35 lakh acres to 0.67 lakh acres from 1956 to 1971 asreported by District Revenue Officers. The withdrawal of 55 TMC which is an average of 32 years from1940-41 to 1970-71 is adopted.In the case of Lower Bhavani Project, the area irrigated as reported by the District Revenue Officers is2.07 lakh acres and the withdrawals over 18 years period i.e. 1954-55 to 1971-72 average to 32.6 TMCagainst 36 TMC planned under the rules and regulation. In this project there is no double cropping.In the case of Mettur Canal, the area irrigated as reported by District Revenue Officers is 0.45 lakh acresand the average withdrawals for 15 years from 1957-58 to 1971-72 are 12.6 TMC against 9.6 TMCplanned. There is no double cropping in this project also.Three schemes viz, A maravaty Reservoir Scheme,New Kattalai High Level Canal and Pullambadi CanalScheme have come into operation after 1956. The figures in respect of areas irrigated under theseschemes, as furnished by the District Revenue Officers are 0.215, 0.206 and 0.221 lakh acresrespectively. The withdrawals under the Amaravathy Reservoir are 4.8 TMC, being average of 14 yearsi.e. from 1958-59 to 1971-72, while that of Kattalai and Pullambadi Canals are 5.3 TMC and 3.5 TMCrespectively, being the average of 10 years from 1962-63 to 1971-72.The withdrawals for minor irrigation have been computed as for 1928 and 1956 on the basis of 5 acresper Mcft.In case of utilisation for 1956, five years before and five years after have been considered for theaverage utilisation. In the case of 1971, for obvious reasons, as figures after 1971 cannot be hadandalso to account for vagaries of good and bad years, the series of years from 1934 –71 has beenadopted for working out the averageutilisation.” (Ref. ibid. Pages 152 to 154)As already mentioned, tables were annexed to the said report regarding the area and utilisation ofwater by the States of Kerala, Mysore and Tamil Nadu in 1901, 1928, 1956 and 1971. One suchrelevant table in respect of Tamil Nadu is at pages 155-157 of the said volume. For the year 1971the utilisation so far the State of Tamil Nadu is concerned, it has been ascertained at 566.60 TMC. Itmay be mentioned that in the original report it was 573.4 TMC. In other words, for Mysore it wasincreased from 171.2 TMC to 176.82 TMC so far year 1971 was concerned, whereas in respect ofTamil Nadu it was reduced from 573.4 TMC to 566.60 TMC. The aforesaid additional report wassigned on 14.8.1973. In the additional report of the Fact Finding Committee there hasbeen some‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 148 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

change so far utilisation by different riparian States are concerned, but there has been no change sofar the ascertainment and assessment of the total yield of river Cauvery is concerned because in viewof the agreement between different States that question had not been referred to the Committee.26. A meeting was held in October 1973 of the Chief Ministers of three riparian States and the Ministerfor Irrigation and Power, Government of India. In the said meeting it had been agreed that it wasnecessary for all the concerned States to effect economies in the use of water so as to make it possible tomeet the legitimate needs of other projects which were feasible in the Cauvery basin. Thereafter, Mr.C.C. Patel, Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Irrigation and Power was asked to carry out the detailedstudies on the scope for economy in the use of Cauvery waters. Mr. Patel after completing his studiessuggested some concrete proposals in his report which were considered in the meeting of the ChiefMinisters along with the Union Minister for Irrigation in June 1974. The proposals were as follows:“Finding of Sri C.C. Patel, the then Additional Secretary, regarding possible savings in the use of cauverywaters.The following savings can be effected on a very conservative assessment by various measures asindicated below:Savings in TMCTamil Nadu(a) Improvement and Modernisation of Irrigation systems etc. 50(b) Providing a lined irrigation channel between Upper 20Anicut and Grand Anicut(c) More intensive use of ground water 301. In addition to the savings quantified above, further savings are possible by taking the followingmeasures:(i) Continuous assessment of requirement below Mettur and monitoring of releases to ensureefficient tie up between rain-fall, water requirements and releases from reservoirs thereby saving, a partof the wastage from Tail end regulators.(ii) Installation of water measuring devices, standing wave flumes and gauge runs at key locations in thedistribution system for improving duties.(iii) Storage in tributaries downstream of Mettur and improved pondage capacity upstream of the lowerColeroon/Grand Anicut/Upper Anicut.(iv) Exploitation of ground water potential in Grand Anicut and other irrigated areas (excluding old deltaarea).(v) Integrated operation of reservoirs.Karnataka(a) Savings be and water management practices and effected by Modernisation of existing systems,improved agriculture diversification of crops.------------------------------------------------------20(b) Integrated operation of Mettur, Krishnarajasagar, Harangi, Hemavathi and Kabini reservoirs. ---5(Karnataka Vol.2, Exh.180, pp.548-549)States can arrive at an understanding on the basis of some other figures which are mutually acceptable.Representative of Karnataka then stated that his State accepts the figure of 740 TMC if the other Statesdo not reopen this issue. In case the issue is re-opened, Karnataka reserves the right for expressing itsviews.” (Emphasis added)‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 149 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

6.6. Interim award Of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal(1991)1. After the constitution of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal theCivil Miscellaneous Petition(No.4 of 1990) was filed on behalf of th State of Tamil Nadu praying that the State of Karnataka bedirected not to impound or utilise water of Cauvery river beyond the extent impounded by them as on31st May 1972 which had been agreed upon in the meeting of the Chief Ministers of Kerala, Karnataka,Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry in the presence of the Union Minister for Irrigation andPower. A prayer was also made to restrain the State of Karnataka from undertaking any new projects,dams, reservoirs etc.2. This Tribunal on 25.6.1991 after hearing all the party-States and Union Territory of Pondicherrypassed the following order:-“On 5th January, 1991, we had dismissed the CMP Nos.4 & 9 of 1990 filed by the State of Tamil Naduand CMP No.5 of 1990, filed by the Union Territory of Pondicherry, inter alia upon the view that theCentral Government had as yet made no reference to theTribunal for adjudication of the interim reliefsprayed in the said CMPs filed by the State of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry,respectively and hence the said petitions for interim reliefs were not maintainable. Being aggrieved byour said order, the State of Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry had respectively filed CivilAppeal Nos.303-304 of 1991 and Civil Appeal No.2036 of 1991,before the Supreme Court of India.On 26th April, 1991, the Bench consisting of Kasliwal, Punchhi & Sahai, JJ. allowed the said appeals, setaside our order dated 5th January, 1991, and directed that the said CMP Nos.4,5 and 9/90, be decided onmerit Kasliwal, J. with whom Punchhi, J. agreed, inter alia held that the requests for expeditious actioncontained in a passage of the letter dated 6.7.1986 of the Government of Tamil Nadu and which wasquoted by the learned judge showed that the State of Tamil Nadu“was claiming for immediate relief asyear after year realization at Mettur was falling etc.” Therefore, the Tribunal was clearly wrong in holdingthat the Central Government had not made any reference for any interim relief. The reliefs prayed by theappellants in CMP Nos. 4, 5 & 9/90, clearly came within the purview of the disputes referred by theCentral Government under section 5 of the Act (Inter State Water Disputes Act, 1956). Kasliwal, J. hadfurther observed that in view of the above circumstances, he did not consider it necessary to decide thelarger question whether a Tribunal constituted under the ‘Act’ has any power to grant any interim relief.The appellants become entitled to succeed on the basis of the finding recorded by the Supreme Courtthat the reliefs prayed by them in their CMP Nos.4, 5 & 9/90 were covered in the reference made by theCentralGovernment. In his judgment, Kasliwal, J. also noted that at the fag end of the arguments it wassubmitted on behalf of the State of Karnataka that they were agreeable to proceed with the CMPs onmerits before the Tribunal on the terms that all party States agreed that all questions arising out of orconnected with or relevant to the water dispute be determined by the Tribunal on merits. Kasliwal, J.observed that the above terms were not agreed to by the State of Tamil Nadu as such he was decidingthe appeals on merits. As already mentioned Punchhi, J. agreed with Kasliwal, J. In his separatejudgment, Sahai, J., while concurring that the appeals should be allowed, observed, inter alia that hehad reservations about certain issues including the construction of the letter dated 6th July, 1986. He didnot prefer to express any opinion on them since according to Sahai, J. the States of Karnataka and Keralawere agreeable to the determination of the applications for interim relief on merits.After the Supreme Court rendered the above decision,these C.M.Ps were again placed before us. Boththe State of Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry, filed applications for amendment of theirrespective C.M.Ps Nos. 4 & 9/90 and 5/90 inter alia to incorporate additional prayers therein. In itsamendment application the State of Tamil Nadu also placed on record certain additional facts. Afterhearing the parties, we allowed the said prayers for amendment of CMP Nos.4, 5 & 9/90. Thereupon, the‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 150 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

State of Karnataka filed supplementary objections,supported by affidavit. The State of Tamil Nadu alsofiled rejoinder to the said supplementary objections dated 27th May,1991.We are not prepared to give any countenance to the objections as to the maintainability of these CMPsraised by Mr.F.S. Nariman, Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the State of Karnataka. The SupremeCourt has directed the Tribunal to decide these CMPs on merits. Accordingly, it is no longer open to theState of Karnataka to urge this point of maintainability. The said direction of the Supreme Court isbinding upon the parties and the Tribunal. It is accordingly, unnecessary for us to notice the variousauthorities cited by both sides on the question as to whether this Tribunal possesses inherent powers andas to whether it can grant interim reliefs. We have already mentioned that Kasliwal, J., with whomPunchhi, J. agreed, categorically held that Tamil Nadu’s prayer for grant of interim relief was covered bythe reference dated 2nd June, 1990, made to this Tribunal. We proceed to consider the merits of thepetitions for emergent reliefs respectively made by the State of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory ofPondicherry.In its CMP No.4 of 1990, the State of Tamil Nadu had initially prayed for directing the State of Karnatakanot to impound or utilise waters of the Cauvery River beyond "what it was on 31st May, 1972" agreed bythe Chief Ministers of basin States and the Union Minister for Irrigation and Power. The State of TamilNadu also had prayed for restraining the State of Karnataka from undertaking or proceeding with anynew projects, dams, reservoirs, canals, etc. without the consent of the State of Tamil Nadu. The State ofTamil Nadu has now made an additionalprayer for directing the State of Karnataka to make timely andadequate releases of waters from its storages and reservoirs in such a manner as to ensure availabilityof inflow into the Mettur reservoir of Tamil Nadu on week to week basis as reflected in the Statement(Annexure I to the Amendment Petition).Pleadings are not complete, parties have not yet placed on record all their documents and papers etc.Therefore, we propose not to make any pronouncement about the Agreement of 1892 between the thenprincely State of Mysore and then State of Madras regarding irrigation reservoirs over thirteen majorrivers flowing through the then State of Mysore, including the Cauvery and its five tributaries viz.Hemavathi, Laxman Thirtha, Kabini,Suvaranavathi and Yagachi. For the identical reasons, we refrainfrom examining the submission of the two sets of contending parties about the Agreement between thethen Mysore and the then Madras Governments dated 18th February, 1924 under which MysoreGovernment became entitled to construct a dam and a reservoir across and over the river Cauvery atKannambadi, now known as Krishnarajasagar, according to the stipulated specifications. The dischargethrough and from the said reservoirwas to be strictly in accordance with the Rules and Regulations setforth in Annexure I to the said Agreement. One of the clauses of the Agreement of 1924 was that MysoreGovernment would be at liberty to carry out future extensions of irrigation in Mysore under the Cauveryand its tributaries to an extent fixed at 1,10,000 acres in addition to the area of irrigation fixed underthe Rules and Regulations. The Madras Government under clause (xiv) of the Agreement was at libertyto construct on the Bhavani, Amaravathi or Noyil rivers in Madras any new storage reservoir and MysoreGovernment would be at liberty to construct as an offset storage reservoir in addition to the reservoirsmentioned in clause (vii) of the said Agreement not exceeding 60% of the new reservoir in Madras.Clause (xi) of the Agreement of 1924 provided that the limitations and arrangements in Clauses (iv) to(viii) shall be open to reconsideration at the expiry of fifty years from the execution of the Agreement.The parties before us were at variance about the scope of this clause (xi). Shortly before the expiry offifty years from the date of the signing of the Agreement of 1924, discussions were held on 29th May,1972, at New Delhi between the Chief Ministers of Mysore, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The Union Minister ofIrrigation and Power was also present. "The discussions amongst Chief Ministers revealed generalconsensus on the three points as in para 2". Under the paragraph 2.2, the Central Government was to‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 151 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

appoint a Fact Finding Committee to collect all the connected data pertaining to the Cauvery waters.Paragraph 2.3 provided that by making use of the data, discussions will be held between the ChiefMinisters of the three States to arrive at an agreed allocation of waters for the respective States. Theparagraph 3 recorded "the Union Government will assist in arriving at such a settlement in six months,and in the meanwhile no State will take any steps to make the solution of the problem difficult either byimpounding or by utilising water of Cauvery beyond what it is at present". The Fact Finding Committeewas constituted, and it had submitted its reports. But no final agreement was arrived at between theStates regarding the allocation of waters for the respective States. When we are deliberating whetherany emergent order ought to be passed, our prime consideration ought to preserve, as far as possible,pending final adjudication the rights of the parties and also to ensure that by unilateral action of oneparty other party is not prejudiced from getting appropriate relief at the time of the passing of the finalorders. We ought to also endeavour to prevent the commission of any act by the parties which mightimpede the Tribunal from making final orders in conformity with the principles of fair and equitabledistribution of the waters of this inter-state river. Undisputedly, the Cauvery river is an inter-State river.Therefore, the three States and the Union Territory of Pondicherry being riparian to the said river areentitled to the release of waters of the said river in a reasonable and beneficial manner. In the "Law ofInternational Drainage Basins" edited by A.H. Garretson, R.D. Hayton & C.J. Olmstead, at page 63 it hasbeen pointed out that equality of right does not give a co-riparian the right to anequal division of thewaters. Rather, equality of right is the equal right of each co-riparian State to a division of the waters onthe basis of its economic and social needs, consistent with the corresponding rights of its co-riparianStates, and excluding from consideration factors unrelated to such needs. At this stage it would beneither feasible nor reasonable to determine how to satisfy the needs of each State to the greatest extentpossible with a minimum of detriment to others. We do not also propose at this stage to enter into thequestion whether the present use of water of the river Cauvery either by the State of Tamil Nadu or theState of Karnataka is the most beneficial use to which the water could be put to. At an appropriate stageand in the appropriate manner, it may be necessary to consider legitimate economic and social needs ofeach State for the purpose of making equitable utilisation of the waters. The learned editors of the "Lawof International Drainage Basins" at page 64 have pointed out that the multitude of factors should beexamined. "While many factors are relevant, all are not of equal weight. Existing uses are particularlysignificant and are generally entitled to great weight". We are not unmindful of the further observationsmade by the learned editors to the fact that the matter of existing use is most controversial. Thesepoints may arise for our consideration at the time we finally dispose of the 'Reference'. At thisinterlocutory stage it would be more in consonance with the needs of justice to examine the prayersmade by the State of Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry in the light of the considerationswhich are germane for granting or refusing interim reliefs in a list of this kind. We have alreadymentioned herein before that pending final adjudication by materially altering the present position, noparty should be allowed to cause prejudice to the other party or to obstruct and impede this Tribunalfrom making its final order in accordance with the law.The substance of the allegations made on behalf of the State of Tamil Nadu in CMP No.4/90 is that byreason of impounding greater and greater volume of water in the reservoirs constructed in differenttributaries of Cauvery flowing through Karnataka, the inflow of water into Mettur Dam of Tamil Nadu fromyear to year is being reduced. At this stage, we however make it clear that it will not be appropriate tofix the inflow of water into Mettur Dam on the basis of their figures at the time of recording of consensusarrived at the meting of the Chief Ministers of the States of the then Mysore, Tamil Nadu and Kerala inthe presence of Union Minister of Irrigation and Power, held on 29th May, 1972. More than eighteenyears have elapsed since the recording of said consensus of 29th May 1972 and various subsequentevents also, including construction of additional dams and reservoirs and other irrigation facilities, have‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 152 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

taken place. We do not propose to examine at this stage the legality or justifiability of erection ofthesereservoirs, dams, canals, etc. The said matters may be gone into if found necessary at the appropriatestage. In this case it would be in accordance with justice to fix the annual releases into Mettur Dam bymaking average of the same for a number of normal years in the immediate past.It is pertinent to point out that after the minutes of the meeting of the Chief Ministers of the States ofMysore, Tamil Nadu and Kerala were recorded on 29th May, 1972, more than one attempt were made toestimate the total flow of the water in the river Cauvery and also to specify the share of utilisation,particularly by the States of Karnataka and the State of Tamil Nadu. Since the correctness of the reportsmade by the Fact Finding Committee and thereafter by the Study Team under the Chairmanship of SriC.C. Patel will hereinafter come up for our consideration, we propose not to deal with these reports atthis stage. Our attention has also been drawn to the draft Agreements which were prepared in 1974 and1976, but were not formally signed by the contesting States. We may only indicate that the attemptsmade in the past to determine the shares of waters to be allocated to the States and Union Territory ofPondicherry had been abortive, and the same still remain for adjudication by the Tribunal. We havealready mentioned that at the present stage we would be guided by consideration of balance ofconvenience and maintenance of the existing utilisation so that rights of the parties may be preserved tillthe final adjudication. For this purpose the average of the annual flow of the waters of the river Cauveryinto the reservoir of the Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu could serve as a reasonable basis. We are also notunmindful of the fact that besides releases made from Krishnarajasagar and Kabini Dams of Karnataka,some water from the intermediate catchment area also flows down into the Mettur Dam. The said factcannot be the ground for totally rejecting the prayer of the Tamil Nadu because the contribution of thesaid catchment area into the Mettur Dam is not large enough. We are of the views that there ought to bethe release of waters by Karnataka which is to be fixed by having regard to the realisation made over aspan of years in the proximate past after excluding abnormally good and abnormally bad years.Tamil Nadu has furnished before us the following figures for the period of ten years, i.e. 1980-81 to1989-90 of inflow of water into Mettur Dam.1980-81 394.01 TMC 1985-86 158.281981-82 403.20 1986-87 187.361982-83 173.09 1987-88 103.901983-84 230.37 1988-89 181.371984-85 284.36 1989-90 175.64In considering these figures we have decided to exclude the figures for the years, 1980-81 and 1981-82,which were described by parties as abnormally good years. We have also excluded from considerationthe figures for the years 1985-86, 1987-88 which were classified to be bad years. The average flow ofthe remaining six years work out at 205.03 TMC, which may be rounded of to 205 TMC.Karaikal region of Union Territory of Pondicherry is at the tail-end of Cauvery delta. Before issubmissions were made about the plight suffered by this area because of utter dearth of water. TheUnion Territory of Pondicherry has claimed before us9.355 TMC of water towards irrigation and watersupply etc. In our view, while making order upon these emergent petitions we ought to take intoconsideration the prayer of the Union Territory of Pondicherry for release of some additional volume ofwater. We propose to direct for the ends of justice, release of 6 TMC of waterby Tamil Nadu for UnionTerritory of Pondicherry The grievance of Tamil Nadu broadly was that not only the total volume of waterfrom Karnataka for flowing down to Mettur Dam was becoming less and less, but also the said releaseswere not being made timely to meet the need of cultivation of crops,particularly in the Cauvery delta of‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 153 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Tamil Nadu. It would be fair to direct that annual releases be made in a regulated manner from week toweek basis from June to May. The State of Kerala has not applied for any interim order, therefore, thisorder is without prejudice to the claims and contentions of the State of Kerala about the equitabledistribution and release of the waters of river Cauvery and its tributaries. We again make it clear that theinterim orders passed today do not amount to final adjudication of the rights and contentions of theparties in regard to the dispute referred to this Tribunal. In view of the above, we direct the State ofKarnataka to release water from its reservoirs in Karnataka so as to ensure that 205 TMC of water isavailable in Tamil Nadu’s Mettur Reservoir in a year from June to May. This year, the order will beeffective from 1st of July, 1991. We further direct that the State of Karnataka shall regulate the releaseof water in the following manner:-June 10.16 TMC December 10.37 TMCJuly 42.76 “ January 2.51 “August 54.72 “ February 2.17 “September 29.36 “ March 2.40 “October 30.17 “ April 2.32 “November 16.05 “ May 2.01 “In respect of a particular month the releases are to be made in four weeks in four equal instalments. Ifin a particular week, it is not possible to release the required quantum of water, the said deficit shall bemade good in the subsequent week. 6 TMC water for Karaikal region of the Union Territory ofPondicherry will be delivered by the State of Tamil Nadu in a regulated manner.We further direct that the State of Karnataka shall not increase its area under irrigation by the waters ofthe river Cauvery beyond existing 11.2 lac acres, as mentioned in their Annexure K-V, Column 13, atpage 103 to the Supplementary Statement of Objections dated 22nd May, 1991 to the amended CMPNo.4/90.The above order will remain operative till the final adjudication of the dispute, referred to theTribunal.CMP Nos. 4 and 5/90 are hereby disposed of in the above terms.CMP No.9/90 for granting reliefpending disposal of CMPNo.4/90 no longer survives, and stands disposed of accordingly. Following theinterim award, Karnataka witnessed its worst anti-Tamil riots in which dozens were killed and thousandsfled the state. The violence which was centered mainly in some parts of Bangalore lasted for about amonth and most schools and educational institutions in Bangalore remained closed during this period.Chennai and few other parts of Tamil Nadu also saw sporadic instances of violence. Therefore TheKarnataka State passed an ordnance which is given below:-6.7. Karnataka Ordinance & Supreme Court Verdict :The Karnataka Cauvery Basin Irrigation Protection Ordinance and Reference by Presidentunder Article 143 of the Constitution for opinion of the Supreme Court and the opinion of theSupreme Court On 25 th July 1991.The Governor of Karnataka promulgated an Ordinance 'The Karnataka Cauvery Basin Irrigation ProtectionOrdinance 1991' to protect the interest of the State of Karnataka and to negate the effect of the InterimOrder aforesaid dated 25-6-1991 passed by the Tribunal. This led to further controversy. Ultimately onJuly 27, 1991 the President under Article 143 of the Constitution referred three questions for the opinionto the Supreme Court. A 5-Judges Bench of the Supreme Court answered the reference on 22ndNovember 1991 [1993 Supp.(1) SCC 96]. The order of reference says:"WHEREAS, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 4 of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956(herein after eferred to as 'the Act'), the Central Government constituted a Water Disputes Tribunal called‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 154 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

"the Cauvery Water DisputesTribunal" (hereinafter called "the Tribunal") by a notification dated June 2,1990, a copy whereof is annexed hereto, for the adjudication of the Water Dispute regarding the Inter-State River Cauvery;WHEREAS on June 25, 1991, the Tribunal passed antinterim order (hereinafterreferred to as "the Order"), a copy whereof is annexed hereto;WHEREAS, differences have arisen with regard to certain aspects of the Order; WHEREAS, on July 25,1991, the Governor of Karnataka promulgated the Karnataka Cauvery Basin Irrigation ProtectionOrdinance, 1991 (hereinafter referred to as "the Ordinance"), a copy whereof is annexed hereto;WHEREAS, doubts have been expressed with regard to the constitutional validity of the Ordinance andits provision ;WHEREAS , there is likelihood of the constitutional validity of the provisions of the Ordinance, and anyaction taken hereunder, being challenged in courts of law involving protracted and avoidablelitigation;WHEREAS, the said differences and doubts have given rise to a public controversy which maylead to undesirable consequences; AND WHEREAS, in view of what is hereinbefore stated, it appears tome that the following questions of law have arisen and are of such nature and of such public importancethat it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court of India thereon;NOW, THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred upon me buy clause (1) of Article 143 of theConstitution of India, I, Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India, hereby refer the followingquestions to the Supreme Court of India for consideration and report thereon, namely:(1) Whether the Ordinance and the provisions thereof are in accordance with the provisions of theConstitution;(2) (i) Whether the Order of the Tribunal constitutes a report and a decision within the meaning ofSection 5(2) of the Act; and(ii) Whether the Order of the Tribunal is required to be published by the Central Government in order tomake it effective;(3) Whether a Water Disputes Tribunal constituted under the Act is competent to grant any interim reliefto the parties to the dispute."2. The Karnataka Cauvery Basin Irrigation Protection Ordinance 1991“1. Short title, extent and commencement (1) This Ordinance may be called the Karnataka CauveryBasin Irrigation Protection Ordinance, 1991.(2) It extends to the whole of the State of Karnataka.(3) It shall come into force at once2. Definition - Unless the context otherwise requires:(a) Cauvery basin' means the basin area of the Cauvery river and its tributaries lying within the territoryof the State of Karnataka(b) Ìrrigable area' means the areas specified in the Schedule.(c) `Schedule, means the Schedule annexed to this Ordinance.(d) `Water year' means the year commencing with the first of June of a calendar year and ending withthe thirty-first of May of the next calendar year.3.(1) Protection of irrigation in irrigable area:- (1) It shall be the duty of the State Government toprotect, preserve and maintain irrigation from the waters of the Cauvery river and its tributaries in theirrigable area under the various projects specified in the Schedule.(2) For the purpose of giving effect to sub-section `(1) the State Government may abstract or cause tobe abstracted, during every water year, such quantity of water as it may deem requisite, from the flowsof the Cauvery river and its tributaries, in such manner and during such intervals as the State‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 155 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Government or any officer, not below the rank of an Engineer-in-Chief designated by it, may deem fit andproper.4. Overriding effect of the Ordinance - The provisions of this Ordinance, (and of any Rules and Ordersmade thereunder), shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any order,report or decision ofany Court or Tribunal (whether made before or after the commencement of this Ordinance), save andexcept a final decision under the provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 5 read with Section 6 of theInter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956.5. Power to remove difficulties - If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of thisOrdinance, the State Government may, by order, as occasion requires, do anything (not inconsistent withthe provisions of this Ordinance) which appears to be necessary for the purpose of removing thedifficulty.6. Power to make rules - (1) The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette make rulesto carry out the purpose of this Ordinance.(2) Every rule made under this Ordinance shall be laid as soon as be after it is made, before each Houseof the State legislature while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised inone session or in two or more sessions and if before the expiry of the said period, either House of theState Legislature makes any modification in any rule or order or directs that any rule or order shall nothave effect, and if the modification or direction is agreed to by the other House, such rule or order shallthereafterhave effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be."** President refers the Karnataka Ordnance to Supreme Court for opinion andthe opinion Of Supreme Courton July 27, 1991 the President under Article 143 of the Constitution referred three questions for theopinion to the Supreme Court. A 5-Judges Bench of the Supreme Court answered the reference on 22 ndNovember 1991 [1993 Supp.(1) SCC 96]. The order of reference says:"WHEREAS, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 4 of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956(hereinaftereferred to as 'the Act'), the Central Government constituted a Water Disputes Tribunal called"the Cauvery Water DisputesTribunal" (hereinafter called "the Tribunal") by a notification dated June 2,1990, a copy whereof is annexed hereto, for the adjudication of the Water Dispute regarding the Inter-State River Cauvery;WHEREAS on June 25, 1991, the Tribunal passed an interim order (hereinafter referred to as "theOrder"), a copy whereof is annexed hereto;In connection with the question as to whether the provisions of the Ordinance were constitutional, therelevant portion of the opinion of the Supreme Court dated 22.11.1991 {1993 Supp(1) SCC 96 at 138-143} isreproduced :The above analysis of the relevant legal provisions dealing with the inter-State rivers and river valleysand their waters shows that the Act, viz., the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 can be enacted andhas been enacted only under Article 262 of the Constitution. It has not been enacted under Entry 56 as itrelates to the adjudication of the disputes and with no other aspect either of the inter-State river as awhole or of the waters in it.It will be pertinent at this stage also to note the true legal position about the inter-State river water andthe rights of the riparian States to the same. In State of Kansas v. State of Colorado 51-52 L Ed 956,975: (206) US 46 the Supreme Court of the United States has in this connection observed as follows:‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 156 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

“One cardinal rule, underlying all the relations of the States to each other, is that of equality of right.Each State stands on the same level with all the rest. It can impose its own legislation on no one of theothers, and is bound to yield its own views to none.. the action of one State reaches, through the agencyof natural laws, into the territory of another State, the question of the extent and the limitations of therights of the two States becomes a matter of justiciable dispute between them and this Court is calledupon to settle that dispute in such a way as will recognise the equal rights of both and at the same timeestablish justice between them. The dispute is of a justiciable nature to be adjudicated by the Tribunaland is not a matter of legislative jurisdiction of one State……. ‘The right to flowing water is now wellsettled to be a right incident to property in the land; it is right publici juris, of such character that, whilstit is common and equal to all through whose land it runs, and no one can obstruct or divert it, yet, as oneof the beneficial gifts of Providence, each proprietor has a right to a just and reasonable use of it, as itpasses through his land, and so long as it is not wholly obstructed or diverted, orno larger appropriationof the water running through it is made than a just and reasonable use, it cannot be said to be wrongfulor injurious to a proprietor lower down….’The right to the use of the flowing water is publici juris, andcommon to all the riparian proprietors; it is not an absolute and exclusive right to all the water flowingpast their land, so that any obstruction would give a cause of action; but it is a right to the flow andenjoyment of the water, subject to a similar right in all the proprietors, to the reasonable enjoyment ofthe same gift of Providence. It is, therefore, only for an abstraction and deprivation of this commonbenefit, or for an unreasonable and unauthorised use of it that an action will lie.”Though the waters of an inter-State river pass through the territories of the riparian States such waterscannot be said to be located in any one State. They are in a state of flow and no State can claimexclusive ownership of such waters so as to deprive the other States of their equitable share. Hence inrespect of such waters, no state can effectively legislate for the use of such waters since its legislativepower does not extend beyond its territories. It is further an acknowledged principle of distribution andallocation of waters between the riparian States that the same has to be done on the basis of theequitable share of each State. What the equitable share will be will depend upon the facts of each case.It is against the background of these principles and provisions of law we have already discussed that wehave to examine the respective contentions of the parties.The Ordinance is unconstitutional because it affects the jurisdiction of the Tribunal appointed under theCentral Act, viz., the Inter-State Water Disputes Act which legislation has been made under Article 262 ofthe Constitution. As has been pointed out above, while analysing the provisions of the Ordinance, itsobvious purpose is to nullify the effect of the interim order passed by the Tribunal on June 25, 1991. TheOrdinance makes no secret of the said fact and the written statement filed and the submissions made onbehalf of the State of Karnataka show that since according to the State of Karnataka the Tribunal has nopower to pass any interim order or grant any interim relief, as it has done by the order of June 25, 1991,the order is without jurisdiction and, therefore, void ab initio. This being so, it is not a decision,according to Karnataka within the meaning of Section 6 and not binding on it and in order to protectitself against the possible effects of the said order, the Ordinance has been issued. The State ofKarnataka has thus arrogated to itself the power to decide unilaterally whether the Tribunal hasjurisdiction to pass the interim order or not and whether the order is binding on it or not. Secondly, theState has also presumed that till a final order is passed by the Tribunal, the State has the power toappropriate the waters of the river Cauvery to itself unmindful of and unconcerned with the consequencesof such action on the lower riparian States. Karnataka has presumed that it has superior rights over thesaid waters and it can deal with them in any manner. In the process, the State of Karnataka has alsopresumed that the lower riparian States have no equitable rights and it is the sole judge as to the shareof the other riparian States in the said waters. What is further, the State of Karnataka has assumed therole of a judge in its own cause. Thus, apart from the fact that the Ordinance directly nullifies the decision‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 157 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

of the Tribunal dated June 25, 1991, it also challenges the decision dated April 26, 1991 of this Courtwhich has ruled that the Tribunal had power to consider the question of granting interim relief since itwas specifically referred to it. The Ordinance further has an extra-territorial operation in as much as itinterferes with the equitable rights of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry to the waters of the Cauvery river.To the extent that the Ordinance interferes with the decision of this Court and of the Tribunal appointedunder the Central legislation, it is clearly unconstitutional being not only in direct conflict with theprovisions of Article 262 of the Constitution under which the said enactment is made but being also inconflict with the judicial power of the StateIn this connection, we may refer to a decision of this Court in Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad v.New Shrock Spg. & Wvg. Co. Ltd. (1970) 2 SCC 280; (1971) 1 SCR 288. The facts in this case were thatthe High Court as well as this Court had held that property tax collected for certain years by theAhmedabad Municipal Corporation was illegal. In order tonullify the effect of the decision, the StateGovernment introduced Section 152-A by amendment to the Bombay Provincial Municipal CorporationAct, the effect of which was to command the Municipal Corporation, to refuse to refund the amountillegally collected despite the orders of this Court and the High Court. This Court held that the saidprovision makes a direct inroad into the judicial powers of the State. The legislatures under theConstitution have, within the prescribed limits, power to make laws prospectively as well asretrospectively. By exercise of those powers a legislature can remove the basis of a decision rendered bya competent court thereby rendering the decision in effective. But no legislature in the country haspower to ask the instrumentalities of the State to disobey or disregard the decisions given by the courts.Consequently, the provisions of sub-section (3) of Section 152-A were held repugnant to the Constitutionand were struck down. To the same effect is another decision of this Court in Madan Mohan Pathak v.Union of India, (1978) 2 SCC 50:1978 SCC (L & S) 103: (1978) 3 SCR 334. In this case a settlementarrived at between the Life Insurance Corporation and its employees had become the basis of a decisionof the High Court of Calcutta. This settlement was sought to be scuttled by the Corporation on the groundthat they had received instructions from the Central Government that no payment of bonus should bemade by the Corporation to its employees without getting the same cleared by the Government. Theemployees, therefore, moved the High Court, and the High Court allowed the petition. Against that, aletters patent appeal was filed and while it was pending, the Parliament passed the Life InsuranceCorporation (Modification of Settlement) Act, 1976 the effect of which was to deprive the employees ofbonus payable to them in accordance with the terms of the settlement and the decision of the SingleJudge of the High Court. On this amendment of the Act, the Corporation withdrew its appeal and refusedto pay the bonus. The employees having approached this Court challenging the constitutional validity ofthe said legislation, the Court held that it would be unfair to adopt legislative procedure to undo asettlement which had become the basis of a decision of the High Court. Even if legislation can removethe basis of a decision, it has to do it by alteration of general rights of a class but not by simply excludingthe specific settlement which had been held to be valid and enforceable by a High Court. The object ofthe Act was in effect to take away the force of the judgment of the High Court. The rights under thejudgment would be said to arise independently of Article 19 of the Constitution.Yet another decision of this Court on the point is P.Sambamurthy v. State of A.P. (1987) 1 SCC 362:(1987) 2 ATC 502: (1987) 1 SCR 879. In this case what was called in question was the insertion ofArticle 371-D of the Constitution. Clause (5) of the article provided that the order of the AdministrativeTribunal finally disposing of the case would become effective upon its confirmation by the StateGovernment or on the expiry of three months from the date on which the order was made, whicheverwas earlier. The provison to the clause provided that the State Government may by special order madein writing for reasons to be specified therein, modify or annul any order of the Administrative Tribunalbefore it became effective and in such a case the order of the Tribunal shall have effect only in such‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 158 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

modified form or be of no effect. This Court held that it is a basic principle of the rule of law that theexercise of power by the executive or any other authority must not only be conditioned by theConstitution but must also be in accordance with law, and the power of judicial review is conferred by theConstitution with a view to ensuring that the law is observed and there is compliance with therequirement of the law on the part of the executive and other authorities. It is through the power ofjudicial review conferred on an independent institutional authority such as the High Court that the rule oflaw is maintained and every organ of the State is kept within the limits of the law. If the exercise of thepower of judicial review can be set at naught by the State Government by overriding the decision givenagainst it, it would sound the death knell of the rule of law. The rule of law would be meaningless, as itwould be open to the State Government to defy the law and get away with it. The provison to clause (5)of Article 371-D was, therefore, violative of the basic structure doctrine.The principle which emerges from these authorities is that the legislature can change the basis on whicha decision is given by the Court and thus change the law in general, which will affect a class of personsand events at large. It can not, however, set aside and individual decision inter parties and affect theirrights and liabilities alone. Such an act on the part of the legislature amounts to exercising the judicialpower of the State and to functioning as an appellate court or tribunal.The effect of the provisions of Section 11 of the present Act, viz., the Inter-State Water Disputes Act readwith Article 262 of the Constitution is that the entire judicial power of the State and, therefore, of theCourts including that of the Supreme Court to adjudicate upon original dispute or complaint with respectto the use, distribution or control of the water of, or in any inter-State river or river valleys has beenvested in the Tribunal appointed under Section 4 of the said Act. It is, therefore, not possible to acceptthe submission that the question of grant of interim relief falls outside the purview of the said provisionsand can be agitated under Article 131 of the Constitution. Hence any executive order or a legislativeenactment of a State which interferes with the adjudicatory process and adjudication by such tribunal isaninterference with the judicial power of the State. In view of the fact that the ordinance in questionseeks directly to nullify the order of the Tribunal passed on June 25, 1991 it impinges upon the judicialpower of the State and is, therefore, ultra vires the Constitution. .Further, admittedly, the effect of the Ordinance is to affect the flow of the waters of the river Cauveryinto the territory of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry which are the lower riparian States. The Ordinance has,therefore, an extra-territorial operation. Hence the Ordinance is on that account beyond the legislativecompetence of the State and is ultra vires the Provisions of Article 245 (1) of the Constitution.The Ordinance is also against the basic tenets of the Rule of Law in as much as the State of Karnataka byissuing the Ordinance has sought to take law in its own hand and to be above the law. Such an Act is aninvitation to lawlessness and anarchy, in as much as the Ordinance is a manifestation of a desire on thepart of the State to be a judge in its own cause and to defy the decisions of the judicial authorities. Theaction forebodes evil consequences to the federal structure under the Constitution and opens doorsforeach State to act in the way it desires isregarding not only the rights of the other States, the orderspassed by instrumentalitiesconstituted under an Act of Parliament but also the provisions of theConstitution. If the power of a State to issue such an Ordinance is upheld it will lead to the breakdown ofthe constitutional mechanism and affect the unity and integrity of the nation.”On the aforesaid findings, the Ordinance was held to be invalid and unconstitutional and beyond thelegislative competence of the State In respect of the third question as to whether the Water DisputesTribunal constituted under the Inter-State Water Disputes Act 1956 was competent to grant an interimrelief to the parties to the dispute during the pendency of the reference by the Central Government, itwas held that as the Supreme Court had already expressed its view in its aforesaid order dated 26thApril 1991 [1991 Supp. (1) SCC 240] on appeal being filed on behalf of the State of Tamil Nadu and‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 159 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Union Territory of Pondicherry saying that the Tribunal had jurisdiction to consider the question of grantof interim relief; such question being a matter connected with or relevant to the water dispute within themeaning of Section 5(1) of the Act, the said order had become final. In that situation, it was not open inthe Presidential Reference to sit in appeal to the said decision. It was said “It cannot be said that thisCourt had not noticed the relevant provisions of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act. The Court afterperusing the relevant provisions of the Act which were undoubtedly brought to its notice has come to theconclusion that the Tribunal had jurisdiction to grant interim relief when the question of granting interimrelief formed part of the Reference. There is further no violation of any of the principles of natural justiceor of any provision of the Constitution. The decision also does not transgress the limits of the jurisdictionof this Court. We are, therefore, of the view that the decision being inter parties operates as resjudicataon the said point and it cannot be reopened.”5. So far question No.2 referred to the Supreme Court as to whether the interim order of the Tribunalconstitute a report and a decision within the meaning of Section 5(2) of the Act which was required to bepublished by the Central Government in order to make it effective, it was said:“The interim orders passedor reliefs granted by the Tribunal when they are not of purely procedural nature and have to beimplemented by the parties to make them effective, are deemed to be a report and a decision within themeaning of Sections 5(2) and 6 of the Act. The present order of the Tribunal discusses the material onthe basis of which it is made and gives a direction to the State of Karnataka to release water from itsreservoirs in Karnataka so as to ensure that 205 TMC of water is available in Tamil Nadu’s Metturreservoir in a year from June to May. It makes the order effective from July 1, 1991 and also lays downa time table to regulate the release of water from month to month. It also provides for adjustment of thesupply of water during the said period. It further directs the State of Tamil Nadu to deliver 6 TMC ofwater for the Karaikal region of the Union Territory of Pondicherry. In addition, it directs the State ofKarnataka not to increase its area under irrigation by the waters of the river Cauvery beyond the existing11.2 lakh acres. It further declares that it will remain operative till the final adjudication of the dispute.Thus the order is not meant to be merely declaratory in nature but is meant to be implemented and giveneffect to by the parties. Hence, the order in question constitutes a report and a decision within themeaning of Section 5(2) and is required to be published by the Central Government under Section 6 ofthe Act in order to be binding on the parties and to make it effective.” [1993 SCC (II)PARA 97]The Government of India notified the order vide Government of India, Ministry of Water ResourcesNotification No. S.O. 840(E) dated 10 December, 1991.---------Chapter 6 Order of the Tribunal dated3.4.1992 on the Petition on behalf of Karnataka before Tribunal for recall of order dated 25 June 1991‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 160 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fhtphp ejpePh; jfuhW jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; mwpf;ifAk;> jPh;g;Gk;khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd fhtphp MW kw;Wk; mjd; ejpg;gLifapy; vOe;Js;s ejpePh; jfuhW rk;ge;jkhf> fhtphp ejpePh;jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd;G> tof;fhba fl;rpf;fhuh;fs; :1. jkpo;ehL khepyk;2. fh;ehlf khepyk;3. Nfus khepyk;4. ghz;br;Nrhp A+dpad; gpuNjrk;njhFjp - 1fhtphp ePh;j; jfuhWfs; eLth; kd;wj;jpd; mikg;Gjiyth; : jpU. vd;.gp.rpq; (,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpgjp 25.12.1996 tiu)cWg;gpdh;fs; : jpU. vd;.v];.uht; (ghl;dh cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpgjp 4.1.1994 tiu)jpU. Rjph; ehuhaz; : (myfhghj; cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpgjp 9.7.2003 tiu)fhtphp ePh;j; jfuhWfs; eLth;kd;wj;jpy; fPo; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fhy fl;lj;jpy; fPo;f;fz;lth;fSk; gzpahw;wpdh;.jiyth; : jpU.rpl;lhNjh\; Kfh;[p (gk;gha; cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjp 2.6.1990ypUe;J 1996 [{d; tiu)cWg;gpdh; : jpU. v];.b.mfh;thyh (myfhghj; cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ePjpgjp 2.6.90ypUe;J 26.11.2002 tiu)kjpg;gPl;lhsh;fs; :1. N[.I.[pahd; re;jhdpXa;t ngw;w jiyikg; nghwpahsh;uh[];jhd; ePh;g;ghrdj; Jiw kw;wk; Kd;dhs; iluf;lh;n[duy;> NjrPa ePh; mgptpUj;jp Kfthz;ik(KONeug;gzp - 1991 nrg;lk;ghpypUe;J ,d;iwa Njjp tiu)2. v];.Mh;.rf];u Gj;jh>Xa;T ngw;w Mizahsh;kj;jpa ePuhjhu Mizak;>ePh;ts mikr;rfk; (KO Neug;gzp 1994 nrg;lk;ghpypUe;J ,d;W tiu)fPo;f;fz;lth;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;Fk; fhy fl;lj;jpy; kjpg;gPl;lhsh;fshf gzpahw;wpAs;sdh;.N[.Mh;.ky;N`hj;uh(gFjp Neug; gzp - 1991 [dthpapypUe;J 1991 [{d; tiu)Xa;.b.ngzl;Nr(KONeug;gzp - 1992 [dthpapypUe;J 1994 khh;r; tiu)fhtphp ePh;j; jfuhWfs; eLth; kd;wk; Kd;ghf gzpahw;wpa jkpofg; gpujpepjpfs;1. jkpo;ehL khepyk; rhh;gpy; thjhba tof;fwpQh;fs;.1. %j;j tof;fwpQh;fs;jpU. Nf. guhrud; jpU. rp.v];.itj;jpaehjd; jpU. V.Nf.fq;Fyp2. ml;tNfl; n[duy;fs; / $Ljy; ml;tNfl; n[duy;fs;jpU. Nf.Rg;gpukzpak; jpU. Nf.tp.ntq;flgjpjpU. Mh;.fpU\;z%h;j;jp jpU. vd;.Mh;.re;jpud; jpU. Mh;.Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 161 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

3. tof;fwpQh;fs; / gjptpy; ,Uf;Fk; tof;fwpQh;fs; (Advocates on Record)jpU. [p.ckhgjpjpU. vk;.v];.fNz\;jpU. V.Rg;ghuht;jpU. muR MNyhrfh;2. muR nrayhsh;fs;jpU. b.KUfuh[;jpU. rp.nry;yg;gd;jpU. vk;.Fw;whypq;fk;jpU. v];.uh[uj;jpdk;3. rpwg;G / $Ljy; muRr; nrayhsh;fs;jpU. b.Mh;.uhkrhkpjpU. v];.MjpNr\a;ahjpU. b.N[hjp n[fuh[d;4. Nguh. V.NkhfdfpU\;zd;> jiyth;> fhtphp njhopy;El;gg; gphpT5. jpU. gp.tp.rfhNjtd;> Jizj; jiyth;> fhtphp njhopy;El;gg; gphpT6. jpU. b.`hpuhk;> Jizj; jiyth;> fhtphp njhopy;El;gg; gphpT7. cWg;gpdh;fs;jpU.b.khzpf;f thrfk;jpU. V.Nyhfehjd;jpU. Mh;.Rg;gpukzpad;jpU.[p.ghyfpU\;zd;jpU.b.mz;zhkiyjpU.b.G+gjpjpU. Mh;.KusPjud;jpU.b.Mh;.tp.ghyfpU\;zd;jpU. vk;.v];.uhk%h;j;jpjpU. v];.Fyj;JjpU.V.tp.uhftd;jpU. rp.tp.v];.Fg;jhjpU.v];.ghh;j;jrhujpjpU.tp.rha;uhk; ntq;flh8. cWg;gpdh; nrayhsh;fs;jpU. X.vd;.Nkhfd;uh[;jpU. Mh;.Fg;GrhkpjpU.b.uh[ghjh; jpU.v];.re;jhduhkd;9. cjtpr; nraw;nghwpahsh;fs;jpU. b.vd;.Nfhghy; jpU.gp.mkPh;`k;]hjpU.Nf.ehfuh[d;jpU. uhk; j`Pd; rpq;10. jpU. Mh;.uhfNte;jpud;> Jiz ,af;Feh; - Ntshz;ik11. jpU. Nf.v];.kPdhl;rp Re;juk;> Ntshz;ik mYtyh;‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 162 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal Final Award – 05.02.2007Final determination of the share of the waters of river Cauvery among the States of Kerala,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry and monthly schedule ofreleasesIt has been discussed in the earlier chapters as to how the total yield of the Cauvery river system hasbeen determined to be about 740 TMC at 50% dependability, whereas the riparian States have beenclaiming different quantity of waters for their State since 1972 before the C.F.F.C. and thereafter, thetotal whereof comes to more than 1200 TMC. That is why at the initial stage of the hearing of this disputeand during consideration of all the different aspects thereof it was a challenge to the Tribunal in the senseas to how to adjust the equity among the different riparian States, viz, Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Naduand the Union Territory of Pondicherry and to allocate their equitable shares with the limited yield of 740TMC.2. After examination of the matter in detail with the help of the Assessors and on hearing the parties onthose questions, it appeared that there is no other way to solve this issue except to put certainlimitations and restrictions while working out the shares of different States, the sole purpose being thatas far as possible one crop must be grown in each field and water should be made available for the same.Keeping this object in view the six limitations have been prescribed and those have been dealt in detail inChapter 1 of this Volume under the heading ‘Crops and crop water requirement in Tamil Nadu andKarnataka in the Cauvery basin’. So far the water requirements of the State of Kerala and the UnionTerritory of 200 Pondicherry are concerned, they have been dealt with separately in the precedingchapter.3. Our Assessors had advised that 10 TMC each as carry-over storage in the reservoirs of the two Statesmay be provided to take care of any delay in the onset of south-west monsoon. However, onconsideration of different aspects including the submission of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, it has beendecided that instead of keeping water for the purpose of carryover, it is better to allocate water amongstthe parties keeping in view the principle of equity for use by the concerned States for any beneficialpurposes according to the individual State's own priority. On final calculation it has been found out thatbecause of the limitations prescribed, another amount of 25.08 TMC has become available. Thus the totalbeing 45.08 TMC. (20+25.08 TMC). Thereafter question arises as to how to allocate this water amongstthe parties. On this aspect we are of the view that this water should be allocated to them on the basis ofpopulation of the three States and the Union Territory of Pondicherry. The following table gives details ofpopulation of the four claimants on the basis of 1991 Census:In-basin population of the party States in Cauvery basin(1991- Census)S. No State Population(in lakhs)Reference1. Kerala 9.87 Census Report 1991 (For the percentagearea falling in Cauvery basin)2. Karnataka 115.56 -do-3. Tamil Nadu 168.50 Information in common format Vol.III, E-20, page 4404. Pondicherry 1.46 Technical data submitted by State, E-97, page 23Total 295.39‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 163 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

5. If the aforesaid quantum of 45.08 TMC is distributed on the basis of population, then the share ofTamil Nadu shall be 25.71 TMC, Karnataka 17.64 TMC, Kerala 1.51 TMC and the Union Territory ofPondicherry 0.22 TMC. It need not be impressed that this amount of water is beyond the assessedrequirement of water for irrigation, drinking, industrial purpose, environmental protection etc. Assuch this allocation of water to the three States and the Union Territory of Pondicherry can be usedfor any beneficial purposes according to individual State’s own priority. The utilization of this quantityof water has to be left to the States concerned, since all eventualities which may develop in futurecannot be foreseen. Any direction for utilization of the above quantity cannot be given so as to bindthe future uses. Based on the aforesaid computations, the final allocated share of the parties worksout as under:-Area in lakh acres - Water requirement in TMCStatesTotalKerala Karnataka Tamilnadu UT ofPondicherryi) Area 1.93 18.85 24.71 0.43 45.92ii) Irrigation requirement 27.90 250.62 390.85 6.35 675.72iii) Domestic and Industrial waterrequirement projected for 2011iv) Water requirement forenvironmental protection0.35 1.85 2.73 0.27 5.20- - - - 10.00v) Inevitable escapages into sea - - - - 4.00vi) Share in balance water 1.51 17.64 25.71 0.22 45.08Total 29.76 270.11 419.29 6.84 740.00Say 30.00 270.00 419.00 7.00 726+14=7405. The final allocated shares of the parties would be as under:-1. Kerala 30 TMC2. Karnataka 270 “3. Tamil Nadu 419 “4. Union Territory of Pondicherry 7 “5. Environmental protection 10 “6. Inevitable escapages into sea 4 “740 TMCThe water requirement for irrigation, drinking purposes, industrial purposes, and environmentalprotection, etc have already been apportioned and quantified for all the party States under those heads.Today, all eventualities and circumstances which may develop and arise in future after the Tribunal isdissolved cannot be conceived and any direction thereof in respect of utilization cannot be given.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 164 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Monthly schedule of flows at inter-State contact point between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu6. After having apportioned the annual shares in the waters of river Cauvery, the next important questionfor determination is the schedule of monthly flows at inter-State contact points, so that the partiesconcerned are in a position to receive timely supplies for successfully raising crops in the different cropseasons.7. It appears to be an admitted position that for the fields in which paddy is grown by the State of TamilNadu, the nurseries are put in the field between middle of June to middle of July. The areas over whichfirst the seedlings are grown is about 1/10 of the total area in which transplantation is done from lastweek of July onwards. As such, the 203 requirement of water for Tamil Nadu between June and July isprimarily for the nursery in which the seedlings are grown. Only during trans-plantation and thereafterwater is required which means in August (last week of July -August) and onwards.8. There is no dispute that in Tamil Nadu, first Kuruvai is grown which is harvested in September followedby Thaladi in the same field which is harvested in January - February. The main crop Samba istransplanted in the month of August - September and is harvested in December. Keeping this in view, theschedule has been prepared as to how the releases shall be made from mid-June to end of January thatis the agricultural season so that the interests of both the States of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka are takencare of.9. Taking note of all facts and circumstances so that in normal years there should not be any difficulty onthe part of the State of Karnataka to release water as determined by this Tribunal the monthly scheduleof release of water has been prepared, which would also meet the requirements of Tamil Nadu.10. The shares of each State and the U.T. of Pondicherry would need to be measured at suitable inter-State contact points. The following inter-State contact points have been identified –i) Between Kerala and Karnataka : Kabini reservoir siteii) Between Kerala and Tamil Nadu –a) For Bhavani sub-basin : Chavadiyoor G.D. siteIt is reported that Chavadiyoor gaugesite was being operated by the Stateof Kerala which could be revived forinter-State observations.204b) For Pambar sub-basin : Amaravathy reservoir siteiii) Between Karnataka and : Billigundulu G.D.site/any otherTamil Nadusite on common borderThe present identified inter-State contact point is Billigundulu gauge and discharge site which ismaintained by the Central Water Commission – an independent Organisation of the Central Govt., havingdue expertise in the river gauging techniques. The State of Tamil Nadu has been pressing for consideringMettur reservoir as the inter-State measuring point; whereas Karnataka has been advocating theretention of Billigundulu gauge and discharge site which is located in the common boundary between twoStates and is maintained by Central Water Commission. In our opinion, gauge & discharge observationstation where direct observations are made would be better than a reservoir site where themeasurements are taken in an indirect way. However, if there are any deficiencies in the vicinity of thepresent gauging site as pointed out by Tamil Nadu, the Central Water Commission may take note of thesame and take appropriate steps to rectify such deficiencies to the satisfaction of the RegulatoryAuthority. If the Regulatory Authority so desires, the Central Water Commission, in consultation with theState Governments, may establish new gauge and discharge station on the common border. The States,‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 165 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

if so desire, would be at liberty to post their representatives for joint-gauging observations at the gauge& discharge site alongwith the staff of the Central Water Commission.iv) Between Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry :Seven contact points Karaikal region of UT of Pondicherry islocated within the Cauvery basin. This small area receives water since a long time through sevendifferent streams traversing the area.11. It may be mentioned that in the Cauvery basin, the major shareholders are two States namely:Karnataka and Tamil Nadu which have been allocated 270 and 419 TMC respectively, whereas, the Stateof Kerala has been allocated a total of 30 TMC of water for the three sub-basins viz: Kabini sub-basin –21 TMC, Bhavani sub-basin – 6 TMC and Pambar subbasin – 3 TMC. Since, full use of allocated waters bythe State of Kerala may take some years until the proposed irrigation projects of the State come intoexistence, till then, the unutilized water will be flowing to the lower States namely: Karnataka and TamilNadu, and that water will be flowing into the existing reservoirs of Kabini, Bhavani and Amaravathy fromwhich the distribution is to be monitored by the Cauvery Management Board, keeping in view the decisionof the Tribunal.12. As regards the UT of Pondicherry, its annual allocation is 7 TMC to be delivered by the State of TamilNadu over a period of one year at seven different contact points as mentioned above. In the past also,the State of Tamil Nadu has been delivering supplies through these contact points as per mutuallyestablished system, and no difficulty has been reported, as such, the same procedure settled by theparties between themselves could continue. However, in the event of any disagreement, the matter shallbe resolved by the Cauvery Management Board in consultation with Central Water Commission.13. In view of the above position, we find that specifying monthly schedule of flows which would berequired to be delivered by Karnataka to Tamil Nadu at inter-State contact point during a normal yearwould suffice.14. As regards the flow required to be delivered at the inter-State site, the same is worked out as givenbelow:-TMC1) The total yield of the basin at 50% dependability. - 7402) Yield at Mettur reservoir. - 508(Ref: TNDC Vol.XV, page 87 and TN Statement No.57, item 1 dated 10.2.2005)3) Yield generated in Tamil Nadu area above Mettur reservoir. - 25(Ref: TN Statement No.57, item 4 and TN Statement 86, item 1)4) (a) Yield available below Mettur (740–508) - 232(Ref: TN Note 46, Annexure-3, page 54; TN Statement 83, item 1)(b) Deducting following uses:-i) Allocation to Kerala in Bhavani sub-basin - 6 TMCii) Allocation to Kerala in Pambar sub-basin - 3 “iii) Allocation to UT of Pondicherry - 7 “iv) Inevitable escapages into sea - 4 “20 “ - 20(c) Balance available for use in Tamil Nadu (232–20) - 2125) Total of water available for use in Tamil Nadu (212+25) - 23715. The allocated share of Tamil Nadu is 419 TMC. Thus, the balance 182 TMC (419-237) is to be madeavailable at the inter-State contact point. In addition, an allocation of 10 TMC for environmental‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 166 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

protection is also to be made available at that point. Thus, the total delivery which the Karnataka State isto make available at the inter-State border would be (182+10) 192 TMC.16. The annual quantum of water which shall have to be delivered by the State of Karnataka at the inter-State contact point comprises of three components:-i) Flows coming in the river Cauvery from the uncontrolled catchment of Kabini sub-basin downstream ofKabini reservoir, the catchment of main stream of Cauvery river below Krishnarajasagara, uncontrolledflows from Shimsha, Arkavathy and Suvernavathy sub-basins and various other small streams.ii) Regulated releases from Kabini reservoir; andiii) Regulated releases from Krishnarajasagara reservoir.17. It may be mentioned that the extent of uncontrolled catchment from below KRS and Kabinireservoirs up to Billigundulu - is of the order of over 22,000 sq km. (Source: Karnataka Pl.-I, pages 21 &22 and E-68, page 3) In a normal year (yield with 740 TMC), it has been estimated by our Assessors thatthis uncontrolled catchment can contribute about 80 TMC. As regards the Kabini reservoir, its annualyield is about 98 TMC (yield accepted by the parties), the bulk of which comes during the southwestmonsoon season. The Kabini reservoir has a small storage capacity of about 16 TMC i.e. about 1/6th ofits annual yield. After meeting 208 the requirements of Kerala, the reservoir can be filled four timesmostly during the southwest monsoon season. It has also been estimated by our Assessors that theKabini arm during a normal year after meeting the Karnataka requirements would contribute about 60TMC to meet the downstream requirements at Billigundulu. As far the Krishnarajasagara reservoir isconcerned, the bulk of the requirements of Karnataka are to be met from Hemavathy, Harangi andKrishnarajasagara reservoirs, as such, about 52 TMC of water would have to be made available by theState of Karnataka through regulated releases from Krishnarajasagara to reach the inter-State contactpoint.18. It may be mentioned that at inter-State contact point, 192 TMC is to be maintained in a normal yearand if there is any deficiency in the quantum of inflows mentioned above, it will be open to the CauveryManagement Board/Regulatory Authority to suitably adjust the flows.19. The monthly schedule of deliveries has been prepared in consultation and on the basis of advicegiven by our Assessors at the present identified site, namely: Billigundulu, would be as under:-Month TMC Month TMCJune 10 December 8July 34 January 3August 50 February 2.5September 40 March 2.5October 22 April 2.5November 15 May 2.5Total 192 TMCNote (i) The annual total of 192 TMC comprises of 182 TMC from the allocated share of Tamil Nadu and10 TMC of water allocated for environmental purpose.(ii) The monthly releases shall be broken in 10 daily intervals by the suggested Regulatory Authoritywhile implementing the schedule.20. It may be mentioned that irrigation requirements of the parties have been worked out for the cropsto be raised during the whole year in all their projects and water has accordingly been provided for themin various reservoirs.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 167 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

21. Here, it deserves mention that we have, as stated earlier, directed that whole of unutilized water outof State of Kerala's allocated share of 30 TMC would go to Tamil Nadu till such time the former Statedevelops its own potential to use the same. We, however, make it clear that Kabini's flows of thisunutilized water from Kerala to Tamil Nadu will be in addition to the flows of 192 TMC as per monthlyschedule (during a normal year-yield 740 TMC), which we have ordered to be delivered at Billigundulu/orany other appropriate gauging station on Karnataka-Tamil Nadu common border as discussed earlier.22. The Central Water Commission shall establish additional gauging stations as required at feasible sitesat/near the border of Kerala and Karnataka, where Kabini and its tributaries enter Karnataka so as tomonitor inflows from Kerala. The Cauvery Management Board/Regulatory Authority shall also set-up itsmachinery and devise method to determine quantum of unutilized water to be received from Kerala byTamil Nadu through Kabini and its tributaries, and ensure delivery thereof in Tamil Nadu at commonborder.23. The Regulatory Authority shall also monitor flows from KRS reservoir as also from Kabini and othertributaries meeting Cauvery below KRS up to Billigundulu site.24. Since Kerala and Karnataka areas, as also upper reaches of Bhavani sub-basin are mainly dependenton the southwest monsoon, the water required for crops during the rabi season in those areas has beenprovided for in the respective reservoirs. Similarly, the contribution of northeast monsoon which mainlysupports the delta and other areas of Tamil Nadu as also to some extent provides support to the upperreaches of the basin, in contiguous areas of Amaravathy, Bhavani, Kabini and Krishnarajasagara reservoirproject commands has also been taken note of while working out the crop water requirements of thecrops to be raised in those regions.25. The question of distress was being raised during the arguments by the party States, specially,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Karnataka’s argument was based on the apprehension that if occurrence ofsouthwest monsoon is below normal and the northeast monsoon is above normal, the waters cannot bebrought upstream to Karnataka area and as such, the crops in the upper region of basin will suffer. Itmay be clarified that the crops of the upper basin areas, mostly receive support of artificial irrigation fromthe southwest monsoon and as mentioned above, while working out the crop water requirement,provision has already been made from the availability of southwest monsoon water in the reservoirs tomeet the annual requirements of those areas. Further, there would also be some good years bringing inmore than 740 TMC of water. We have suggested mechanism for implementation of the order of theTribunal and that suggested authority will take care of conserving water during good years in thedesignated reservoirs and also devise conservation of water by the party States in the remainingreservoirs (capacity – 3 TMC and above), and during a deficit year permit withdrawals keeping in viewthe shortfall in total availability. Similarly, if the northeast monsoon happens to be below normal, it wouldbe feasible, as also justified to provide some water from the storages in the upper regions for saving thecrops of the lower region of the basin. This task has to be carried out by the Cauvery Management Boardafter assessing the extent of distress.26. It may be made clear that the above schedule of deliveries relates to a normal year, which has beenconsidered as an year giving total annual yield of 740 TMC at 50% dependability; but it is very importantto note that the above schedule is a theoretical computation based on the crop water requirement ofdifferent projects and the computed withdrawals therefor, alongwith the data of inflows into the variousreservoirs as furnished by the party States in the common format. It is common knowledge that rainfallduring any monsoon season varies in space and time, besides variation in its intensity, duration, numberof rainy days etc. Further, since the total catchment area of Cauvery basin is over 81,000 sq km, theoccurrence of rainfall and its pattern in different sub-basins cannot be predicted. For example: during amonth, there may be heavy rainfall in the Hemavathy sub-basin and deficit rainfall in Kabini sub-basinand vice-versa. As such, it would be a rare year in which the pattern of flows in different sub-basinswould tally with the flows considered for working out the above schedule; due to this variation, the‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 168 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

contribution of each and every tributary cannot be precisely predicted and there would certainly be somevariations from year to year. We have, therefore, separately suggested a mechanism - CauveryManagement Board/Regulatory Authority which would monitor with the help of Cauvery RegulationCommittee and the concerned State Authorities, the available storage position in the Cauvery basinalongwith the trend of rainfall and make an assessment about the likely inflows which may be availablefor distribution amongst the party States within the overall schedule of water deliveries suggested above.27. The total yield of the Cauvery basin areas within the States of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, andUnion Territory of Pondicherry, at 50% dependability, has been assessed at 740 TMC. Each of the partyState has been allocated share of water, taking into consideration the total available yield generated inCauvery basin.28. In case the yield is less in a distress year, the allocated shares shall be proportionately reducedamongst the States of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry by theRegulatory Authority.29. It may also be mentioned that the month of June, specially, would be crucial because the irrigationseason starts from 1st of June, as also213 normal date of onset of southwest monsoon in Kerala is 1st ofJune; as such, any delay in the on-set of southwest monsoon would affect the inflows, and consequentlyschedule of releases from Krishnarajasagara and Kabini reservoirs. It would, therefore, be advisable thatat the end of May each year, as much storage as is possible during a good year, should be consciouslyconserved, as that will help in adhering to the schedule of monthly deliveries. However, if there are twoconsecutive bad years, it would cause distress which shall have to be appropriately tackled by theCauvery Management Board/Regulatory Authority by relaxing the schedule of deliveries and getting thereservoirs operated in an integrated manner through the States concerned to minimize any harsh affectof a bad monsoon year. In view of such practical difficulties, the Cauvery Management Board/RegulatoryAuthority shall have the liberty to alter monthly and/or ten-daily schedule of releases while making effortto meet the seasonal allocations for the crop as far as possible, in consultation with the party States.30. Although, the monthly schedule has been worked out as indicated above, but keeping in view thelikely variations in the monthly rainfall and consequent inflows from various tributaries, we suggest thatthe entire spectrum of monthly availability of storages and rainfall pattern in different sub-basins shouldbe critically monitored by the Cauvery Management Board/Regulatory Authority vis-a-vis the schedule ofmonthly flows to be delivered at Billigundulu/inter-State contact point for a period of 5 years andwhatever adjustment that may be needed in the monthly schedule could be worked out in consultationwith the party States and help of Central Water Commission for future adoption without changing theannual allocation amongst the parties.31. It is important to mention that although the contribution of flows from the three sources is based onthe analysis of available data of rainfall and inflows in different tributaries spread over various sub-basinsof the Cauvery basin, but, as the Cauvery basin extends far and wide, the flows would be subject tovariation depending upon the occurrence of rainfall in different sub-basins. It would be appreciated thatthere is no control of human being on the happenings in nature and we have only to make an attempt tomake beneficial use of the available quantum of flows in any year and to distribute the same for thebenefit of the basin as a whole by integrating the releases from different storage reservoirs.32. For ensuring uninterrupted delivery of allocated shares to the parties concerned, we hereby directthat no upper riparian State shall take any action so as to affect the scheduled deliveries of water to thelower riparian State. However, the States concerned can by mutual agreement and in consultation withthe Regulatory Authority make any amendment in the pattern of water deliveries.33. Before we go to the final order , it will be only just and proper to mention that Shri J.I. Gianchandani,former Director General, National Water Development Agency; and Shri S.R. Sahasrabudhe, formerCommissioner, Ministry of Water Resources, had been appointed as Assessors to advise the Tribunal.They have helped and assisted the Tribunal with eminence.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 169 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Machinery for implementation of Final Decision/Orders of the TribunalAfter having apportioned the shares of the waters of river Cauvery amongst the States of Kerala,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, the next question which assumesimportance is as to how the decision of the Tribunal shall be implemented from time to time. All effortshave been made to allot in the share of different States and the Union Territory, water for fulfilling atleast their minimum requirements.2. From the records, it appears that from time to time, the parties to the dispute especially, the State ofTamil Nadu had to approach the Supreme Court for a direction against the State of Karnataka to complywith the interim order passed by this Tribunal fixing a schedule for release of the water in differentmonths of the year. It also appears that on most of the occasions, the State of Karnataka came up withthe plea that because of the insufficient rainfall during the period concerned, it had not been possible forthem to comply with the interim order strictly by releasing the quantity of water as directed.3. Initially, no machinery was provided under the Act for implementation of the decision or orders passedby the Tribunal. The Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal realizing that there may be controversy in respectof implementation of its decision, and with the consent of party States gave several directions (NarmadaWater Disputes Tribunal Report Volume No.II, chapter XX, pages 152-158). The decision was given inDecember, 1979. A new Section 6A was introduced in the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 by Act45 of 1980 with effect from 27-8-1980 for giving effect to the decision of a Tribunal. Section 6A is asfollows:-“6A. (1) Without prejudice to the provisions of Section 6, the Central Government may, by notification inthe Official Gazette, frame a scheme or schemes whereby provision may be made for all mattersnecessary to give effect to the decision of a Tribunal.(2) A Scheme framed under sub-section (1) may provide for:-(a) the establishment of any authority (whether described as such or as a committee or other body) forthe implementation of the decision or directions of the Tribunal.(b) the composition, jurisdiction, powers and functions of the authority, term of office and otherconditions of service, the procedure to be followed-by and the manner of filling vacancies among themembers of the authority.(c) the holding of a minimum number of meetings of the authority every year, the quorum for suchmeetings and the procedure there at.(d) the appointment of any standing, ad hoc or other committees by the authority.(e) the employment of a Secretary and other staff by the authority, the pay and allowances and otherconditions of service of such staff.(f) the constitution of a fund by the authority, the amounts that may be credited to such fund and theexpenses to which the fund may be applied.(g) the form and the manner in which accounts shall be kept by the authority.(h) the submission of an annual report by the authority of its activities.(i) the decisions of the authority which shall be subject to review.(j) the constitution of a committee for making such review and the procedure to be followed by suchcommittee; and(k) any other matter which may be necessary or proper for the effective implementation of the decisionor directions of the Tribunal.(3) In making provision in any scheme framed under subsection(1) for the establishment of an authorityfor giving effect to the decision of a Tribunal; the Central Government may, having regard to the natureof the jurisdiction, powers and functions required to be vested in such authority in accordance with such‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 170 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

decision and all other relevant circumstances, declare in the said scheme that such authority shall, underthe name specified in the said scheme, have capacity to acquire, hold and dispose of property, enter intocontracts, sue and be sued and do all such acts as may be necessary for the proper exercise anddischarge of its jurisdiction, powers and functions.(4) A scheme may empower the authority to make, with the previous approval of the CentralGovernment, regulations for giving effect to the purpose of the scheme.(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, add to, amend, or vary, anyscheme framed under subsection (1).(6) Every scheme framed under this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in anylaw for the time being in force (other than this act) or any instrument having effect by virtue of any lawother than this Act.(7) Every scheme and every regulation made under a scheme shall be laid, as soon as may be after it ismade before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which maybe comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of thesession immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree inmaking any modification in the scheme or the regulation or both Houses agree that the scheme or theregulation shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be;so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity ofanything previously done under that scheme or regulation.”4. On behalf of the State of Tamil Nadu, it was urged that the Tribunal should constitute an authorityhaving the power to monitor on day to day basis, the different reservoirs in the States of Kerala,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and to give appropriate directions in respect of the implementation of thedecision of this Tribunal so far the shares of the different riparian States are concerned. In thatconnection, it was pointed out that after the final award, a fresh scheme has to be framed in place of thescheme framed in the year 1998 for implementation of the interim order of this Tribunal.5. After the introduction of Section 6A quoted above, the situation has changed. Section 6A (1) in clearand unambiguous words says:-“6A(1) without prejudice to the provisions of section 6, the Central Government may, bynotification in the official Gazette, frame a scheme or schemes whereby provision may be madefor all matters necessary to give effect to the decision of a Tribunal.2206. Thus the power to frame schemes, if any, in respect of implementation of the decision of the Tribunalnow has been vested in the Central Government by the Parliament. Similarly, under sub-section 3, theCentral Government has to decide about the powers and functions to be vested in such an authority forimplementing the decision of the Tribunal. Section 6A(7) provides that every scheme and everyregulation made under a scheme shall be laid before each House of the Parliament and the scheme issubject to any modification that may be made by the Parliament. If any modification is made at theinstance of the Parliament, only suchmodified scheme shall be given effect to.7. There is another aspect of the matter. Section 6 of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act has beenamended by Act 14 of 2002 with effect from 6-8-2002 which is as follows:-“6(2) The decision of the Tribunal, after its publication in the Official Gazette by the CentralGovernment under sub-section (1) shall have the same force as an order or decree of theSupreme Court.The effect of the aforesaid amendment of section 6(2) shall be that any part of the decision of theTribunal shall have the same force ‘as an order or decree of the Supreme Court’. In that background, ifthe Tribunal gives different direction in connection with framing of the scheme for implementation of itsdecision then that being a part of the decision of this Tribunal shall in view of the Section 6 (2) become‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 171 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

an order or decree of the Supreme Court. In that view of the matter, how the part of the decision relatingto the framing of the schemes and establishment of an authority to give effect to the decision of theTribunal can be considered by both the Houses of the Parliament for purpose of modification or otherwiseunder Section 6A (7). This may create an anomalous situation. The order or decree of the Supreme Courtcan not be examined for purpose of modification by the two Houses of the Parliament.8. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (1976) expressed the view that decision of a Tribunal contemplatesfor effective utilization of the waters as determined by the Tribunal and for that purpose, direction can begiven for setting up a machinery and guidelines for the working of such machinery. It observed:-”……… The water disputes are bound to differ from river to river. In determining the respectiverights of the contending parties, a multitude of factors has to be considered and while in a givencase, an injunction restraining the upper States from utilizing more water than a particularquantity may be sufficient; in any other case further directions may have to be given. Thedecision of a Tribunal contemplates that for effective utilization of the waters of a river, amachinery is to be set up which will allocate water from year to year to the contending partiesand the States concerned can not without the assistance of such machinery by their own actsgive effect to the decision of the Tribunal, the provisions relating to the setting up of a machinerybecome an integral part of the decision of the Tribunal. ……..” (Ref: KWDT report Vol. II, page164 left col.)9. The Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (1979) expressed the opinion:-“……. In our opinion, the express power granted to the Tribunal by the Parliament to investigate theWater Dispute between the States and give a binding decision thereon involves by necessary implicationthat the Tribunal is granted the power to do everything which is indispensable for carrying out itsdecision. ……….” [Emphasis supplied](Ref: NWDT report Vol. II page 130, Rt col.)10. It was after the decision of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal 1979 that the Parliament by Inter-State Water Disputes Amendment Act 45 of 1980 inserted section 6-A in the Act. The Statement ofobjects and reasons given in the Amending Act refers to the decision of the Narmada Water DisputesTribunal as cause for introducing Section 6-A in the Act.11. Section 6-A provides for establishment of an Authority for the implementation of the decision of theTribunal. There are two aspects, one is laying down effective guidelines for implementing the decisionand second establishment of an Authority and its functioning. There is no bar that the Tribunal can notlay down guidelines to the proposed Authority to implement the decision of the Tribunal effectively.12. In Jamaluddin Ahmed Vs. Abd. Saleh Narjmuddin, AIR 2003 S.C. 1917 (1922), the Supreme Courtreferred to Justice G.P. Singh’s Principle of Statutory Interpretation wherein the observation of Lord Reidin Wiseman Vs. Boardman (1971) AC 297, 308 was quoted “If a Statute is passed for the purpose ofenabling something to be done, but omits to mention in terms some detail which is of great importance(if not actually essential) to the proper and effectual performance of the work which the statute hasincontemplation, the Courts are at liberty to infer that the Statute by implication empowers that detail tobe carried out.”[Emphasis supplied]22313. The Inter-State Water Disputes Amendment Act, 1980 does not provide for details in regard toconstitution of the Machinery and its functions, the Tribunal has implied power to make recommendationsin this respect. The Tribunal, considering various aspects can make recommendations for implementingits decision.14. For this purpose, we recommend that Cauvery Management Board on the lines of Bhakra BeasManagement Board may be constituted by the Central Government. In our opinion, the necessity ofsetting up a suitable mechanism is of utmost importance; besides whatever machinery is set up should‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 172 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

e adequately empowered to implement the Tribunal’s decision, as otherwise, we are afraid our decisionwould only be on a piece of paper.15. The mechanism shall have to be independent in character comprising of technical officers from theCentral Government and representatives from the Governments of the party States on the lines of BhakraBeas Management Board (BBMS), to achieve objective of the distribution of waters as per equitableshares determined by the Tribunal.16. Since the implementation of the final award of the Tribunal involves regulation of supplies fromvarious reservoirs and at other important nodal points/diversion structures, it would be imperative thatthe mechanism (Cauvery Management Board) is entrusted with the function of supervision of operation ofreservoirs and with regulation of water releases therefrom with the assistance of Cauvery WaterRegulation Committee (to be constituted by the Board).Constitution of the Cauvery Management BoardAn inter-State forum to be called “Cauvery Management Board” (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”)shall be established for the purpose of securing compliance and implementation of the final decision anddirections of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (hereinafter referred as the “Orders”).The Board shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and shall by the name sue and be sued.The Board shall be under the control of the Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources.Composition of the Cauvery Management Board.1. The Cauvery Management Board shall consist of a whole time Chairman and two whole time Membersto be appointed by the Central Government.The post of whole time Chairman shall be held by an Irrigation Engineer of repute of the rank of ChiefEngineer having not less than 20 years experience in the field of water resources management.2. One whole time Member shall be an Irrigation Engineer of not below the rank of Chief Engineer havingsufficient field experience in the operation of reservoirs and management, maintenance and operation oflarge irrigation projects for a period not less than 15-years.2253. The Second whole time Member shall be an agricultural expert of repute specially in Agronomy with afield experience of not less than 15-years. The tenure of the Chairman and the two whole time membersshall be for a period of three years extendable to five years.4. Two representatives of the Central Government shall be of the rank of Chief Engineer/Commissioner tobe nominated by the Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Agriculture respectively. They shall bepart time Members of the Board.5. A representative each of the State Governments of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territoryof Pondicherry shall be nominated by the respective Governments, they shall be part time members ofthe Board. The State representative shall again be an Irrigation Engineer of the rank of Chief Engineer,Irrigation/Water resources/Public Works Department as the case may be, nominated by the respectiveState Governments.6.Vacancies of Members: On any vacancy occurring in the offices of the Members, the appropriateappointing authority shall appoint a person to such vacant office.7.Secretary of the Board: An Irrigation Engineer not belonging to any party State, and not below the rankof a Director/Superintending Engineer shall be appointed by the Board. He shall not have voting right.8. Quorum and Voting:Six members shall form a quorum and the concurrence of the majority shall benecessary for the transaction of the business of the Board except such business as the Board may fromtime to time prescribe as routine. The Members shall have equal powers.The next meeting will be held within three days if the meeting is postponed for want of quorum and forthat meeting quorum will not be necessary.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 173 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Headquarters of the BoardThe Board shall determine the place of its headquarter after consultation with party States and with theapproval of the Government of India.Disposal of business by the Board(a) On the following matters, the Board shall record its decision by a Resolution at a meeting in which theChairman and all the members from the party States are present:-(i) Framing of Rules of Business;(ii) Delegation of functions to a Member or Secretary or any official of the Board.iii) Categorizing any part of the business of the Board as of a formal or routine nature.(iv) Any other matter which any of the four party States require that it shall be decided at a meeting ofthe Board.227(b) Chairman of Board can invite representatives from Central Water Commission, National Institute ofHydrology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and/or any other agency including universities asspecial invitees to attend the Board meeting or otherwise in carrying out the functions specified underthis scheme.(c) Subject to the foregoing provisions, the Board shall frame its own rules for the conduct of itsbusiness.Officers and Servants of the BoardThe Board may from time to time appoint or employ such and so many officers and servants as it thinksfit and remove or dismiss them, under the rules and regulations applicable to the appointment, removaland dismissal of the Central Government officers and servants. All such officers and servants shall assuch be subject to the sole control of the Board. The scales of pay and other service conditions shall beas applicable to Central Government employees.Administration and Field OrganisationAll expenses of the Board (including salary and other expenses of the Chairman and independentMembers) shall be borne by the State Governments of Kerala – 15%; Karnataka – 40%, Tamil Nadu –40%; and Union Territory of Pondicherry – 5%. The expenses pertaining to Member representing a Stateshall be borne by the State concerned.The cost of maintaining, operation and controlling of gauging and other hydrological systems forcommunicating the data shall be borne by the State concerned. The cost of construction and maintenanceof the storages, power installations, diversion works, head-works and canal networks shall be bornewholly by the State Government in whose territory the works are located. Cauvery Water RegulationCommittee The Board shall constitute a committee known as Cauvery Water Regulation Committee withthe following composition:-(1) Full-Time Member Irrigation of the Board Chairman(2) One representative each of the States ofKerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu andUnion Territory of Pondicherry not belowthe rank of a Sr. Superintending Engineer.Member(3) One representative of IMD of the rank of Director Member(4) One representative of Central WaterCommission dealing with river gaugingnot below the rank of Superintending Engineer.Member(5) One representative of the Central Ministry‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 174 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

of Agriculture not below the rank ofSuperintending Engineer.Member(6) Secretary to Cauvery Management Board Member SecretaryFunctions of the Regulation Committee:The Regulation Committee shall ensure the implementation of the provisions contained in the final orderof the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in accordance with the directions of the Board namely:-a) to collect daily water levels, inflows and storage position at each of the following reservoirs –Hemavathy, Harangi, Krishnarajasagara, Kabini, Mettur, Bhavani sagar, Amaravathy and Banasurasagar.b) to ensure ten daily releases of water on monthly basis from the reservoirs as directed by theBoard.229c) to collect data of water released from the aforesaid reservoirs on 12 hourly basis.d) the Board’s representatives at each of the reservoirs shall monitor proper implementation of theregulation instruction issued by the Regulation Committee; in the event of any variation therepresentative shall immediately inform the Secretary of the Committee for appropriate action.e) to collect daily water flows passing through presently identified interState contact point i.e.,Billigundulu gauge discharge site and keep the Board suitably informed.f) to compile monthly water account for each reservoir.g) to collect and compile weekly information about important rain gauge stations of the IMD in order tobe able to broadly assess the position of monsoon and keep the Board informed about the status of themonsoon.h) the State representative, in-charge of the major projects will keep the Regulation Committee regularlyinformed about the occurrence of the rainfall in the commands and whether any change in the releases isrequired.(i) to prepare seasonal and annual report of the water account and submit the same to the Board asindicated below:-South-West monsoon season-Ist June to 15 October;(inclusive of fortnight of October)North East Monsoon season-Hot weather season -16th October to 31st JanuaryIst February to 31st May.230Meetings of the Regulation Committee1) The Regulation Committee shall meet once in ten days during the months of June and October whenthe southwest and northeast monsoon set in; after the monsoon has set in, the meeting will be held atleast once a fortnight but it shall have the powers to convene meetings as often as necessary.In the case of any emergency situation, a minimum of 48 hours notice shall be given for holding ameeting.2) In case, the State which is likely to be affected is not represented in the meeting, then the possibilityof calling another meeting will be examined by the Committee.Provided that if the situation is such that it is not possible to delay taking a decision then the Committeemay decide the issue by majority vote even in the absence of representative from the affected State.3) The quorum for meeting of Regulation Committee shall be six Members.4) All the Members including the Chairman and Member Secretary of the Committee shall have votingright; the Chairman shall also have a casting vote.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 175 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Annual Report of the BoardThe Board shall prepare and transmit to each of the four parties as early as possible in any case before30th September of each year, an Annual Report covering the activities of the Board for the precedingyear. The Board shall make available to each State on its request any information within its possessionany time and always provide access to its records to the States and their authorized representatives.Financial provisionsi) The Government of India shall initially contribute a sum of Rs. 2 crores (two crores only) for thefunctioning of the Board which would later on be reimbursed to the Centre by the Board after thecontributions, as specified are received from the party States.ii) All the capital and revenue expenditure required to be incurred by the Board shall be borne by theState Governments of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry in the ratio of15:40:40:5 respectively.iii) On the constitution of the Board, the Governments of the States of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu andUnion Territory of Pondicherry shall contribute Rupees two crores in the ratio indicated in (ii) above,towards the fund of the Board in the first instance; and later on make advance payments on a quarterlybasis as demanded by the Board keeping in view the Annual Budget of the Board.iv) The Board shall maintain detailed and accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements and shallafter the closing of each financial year, prepare an annual Statement of Accounts and send copies thereofto the Accountant General and concerned basin States.v) The accounts maintained by the Board shall be audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General ofIndia or his nominee, who shall certify subject to such observation as he may wish to make on the annualaccounts of the Board. The Board shall forward to the Accountant General, the Central Government andthe concerned basin States – the copies of the Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India andshall include the same in its Annual Report.vi) To perform any other function which is supplemental, incidental or consequential to all or any of thefunction specified in subparagraphs (i) to (v) above. Guidelines for the Cauvery Management Boardi) As it will not be possible for the Board to forecast about the nature of the monsoon, the Board at thebeginning of the water year i.e. first June each year would determine the total residual storage in thespecified reservoirs. Again, it is not possible to know the amount of season-wise river flows which will beavailable during a season; it will be assumed that the inflows will be according to 50% dependable year(yield 740 TMC). The share of each State will be determined on the basis of the flows so assumedtogether with the available carry over storage in the reservoirs. The withdrawals will be allowed duringthe first time interval of ten days of the season on the basis of the share worked out for each party Statelimited to the water requirements during the same period indicated by each State by placing an indent ofwater demand with Cauvery Water Regulation Committee.ii) The Board will take stock of the actual yield in the basin at the end of the previous time interval aswell as the utilization/releases and storage built up during the interval and assess the trend of inflowsand authorize withdrawals to the States for the subsequent time interval accordingly. For giving effect tothe aforesaid provision, the Board may have to repeat this exercise for two or more time intervals.iii) The Board shall ensure the implementation of the Order of the Tribunal including the carry -overstorage during good year and the water releases for environmental purposes. The Board through theRegulation Committee and with the help of CWC, and other Central/State organizations as necessary willidentify situations of distress in the basin. Distress caused by diminution of water flows during the periodwill be shared by the party States after the distress conditions and their extent is determined by theBoard keeping in view water shares allotted to parties.iv) The following important reservoirs in the basin namely: Banasurasagar in Kerala, Hemavathy,Harangi, Kabini and Krishnarajasagara in Karnataka and Lower Bhavani, Amaravathy and Mettur in Tamil‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 176 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Nadu shall be operated in an integrated manner by the concerned State under the overall guidance of theCauvery Management Board for each ten day period throughout the year to meet the seasonal waterrequirements of the various States for irrigation, hydro-power generation, domestic and industrial usesetc and the remaining quantities of the surplus water conserved as far as possible and spillage of waterreduced to the minimum.v) The Board is to set up a well designed communication network in the Cauvery basin for transmission ofdata and a computer based control room for data processing to determine the hydrological conditionsincluding distress, if any. For this purpose, it may utilize the latest technology. For operational purposes,this work may be entrusted by the Board to CWC or any other Central/State Government organization.vi) At the start of irrigation season i.e. 1st June of every year, all the party States through theirrepresentatives in the Board shall submitan indent for the supplies required by them at each reservoirsite (capacity 3 TMC and above) for the month of June broken in 10 daily intervals. The Board willexamine reasonableness of the indents keeping in view the cropping pattern and extent of area to beirrigated and order releases keeping in view the overall ceiling prescribed by the Tribunal for the monthafter determining the available carry-over storage and taking into consideration the likely inflows duringthe month. The Regulation Committee shall release water on ten daily basis as ordered by the Board.In case of deficiency in the water availability during any month as reported by the Regulation Committee,the Board will consider reduction in the indent of the parties in proportion to the quantities allocated toeach State by the Tribunal for the designated crops.vii) The Regulation Committee shall keep a watch on the actual performance of the monsoon during eachten daily interval and report position to the Board indicating therein the extent of variation from thenormal. The Board on receipt of such information will consider any change in the release ordered by themearlier. Similar exercise will continue as the monsoon progresses during the succeeding months till theend of the water year i.e. 31st May of every year.viii) The Board has to ensure that the State Governments should construct proper Hydraulic structures atall important anicut sites in the basin with provision of appropriate regulation mechanism, besides regularmonitoring of the withdrawals at such diversion structures on the part of the State would be necessary.ix) The Board may direct party States to furnish data in respect of carry-over storage in reservoirs,including inflows and outflows, rainfall data, the area irrigated and water utilized.x) The Board shall arrange collection of data for important rain gauge stations maintained byIMD/CWC/States in the Cauvery basin; as also inflow data measured at important nodal points on theCauvery river system through the Cauvery Regulation Committee which will suitably compile the rainfalldata for different monsoon seasons along with the inflows measured at different sites.x) The Board or any Member or any representative thereof shall have power to enter upon any land orproperty upon which any hydraulic structure or any work of gauging or measuring device has been or isbeing constructed, operated or maintained by any agency in the Cauvery basin for the purpose ofimplementing the decision of the Tribunal.xi) To hold and dispose of property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued and do all such acts as may benecessary for the proper exercise and discharge of its jurisdiction, powers and functions.xii) To construct or make direction to construct additional gauging stations to the States concerned withthe assistance of Central Government and Central Water Commission for implementing the decision ofthe Tribunal.xiii) If the Board finds that either Government of the party States namely Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnatakaand Union Territory of Pondicherry do not co-operate in implementing the decision/direction of theTribunal, it can seek the help of the Central Government.xiv) If any delay/shortfall is caused in release of water on account of default of any party State, theBoard shall take appropriate action to make good the deficiency by subsequently deducting indentedreleases of that party State.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 177 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal - Final Order(Contd..)The Tribunal hereby passes, in conclusion the following order:-Clause-IThis order shall come into operation on the date of the publication of the decision of this Tribunal in theofficial gazette under Section 6 of the InterState Water Disputes Act, 1956 as amended from time totime.Clause-IIAgreements of the years 1892 and 1924:The Agreements of the years 1892 and 1924 which were executed between the then Governments ofMysore and Madras cannot be held to be invalid, specially after a lapse of about more than 110 and80 years respectively. Before the execution of the two agreements, there was full consultation betweenthe then Governments of Madras and Mysore. However, the agreement of 1924 provides for review ofsome of the clauses after 1974. Accordingly, we have reviewed and re-examined various provisions of theagreement on the principles of just and equitable apportionment.Clause-IIIThis order shall supersede –i) The agreement of 1892 between the then Government of Madras and the Government of Mysore so faras it related to the Cauvery river system.ii) The agreement of 1924 between the then Government of Madras and the Government of Mysore so faras it related to the Cauvery river system.Clause-IVThe Tribunal hereby determines that the utilisable quantum of waters of the Cauvery at Lower ColeroonAnicut site on the basis of 50% dependability to be 740 thousand million cubic feet-TMC (20,954 M.cu.m.).Clause-VThe Tribunal hereby orders that the waters of the river Cauvery be allocated in three States of Kerala,Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and U.T. of Pondicherry for their beneficial uses as mentioned hereunder:-i) The State of Kerala - 30 TMCii) The State of Karnataka - 270 TMCiii) The State of Tamil Nadu - 419 TMCiv) U.T. of Pondicherry - 7 TMC726 TMCIn addition, we reserve some quantity of water for (i) environmental protection and (ii) inevitableescapages into the sea as under:-i) Quantity reserved for environmental - 10 TMCprotection.ii) Quantity determined for inevitable - 4 TMCescapages into the sea. 14 TMCTotal (726 + 14) 740 TMC‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 178 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Clause-VIThe State of Kerala has been allocated a total share of 30 TMC, the distribution of which in differenttributary basins is as under:(i) Kabini sub-basin(ii) Bhavani sub-basin(iii) Pambar sub-basin- 21 TMC- 6 TMC- 3 TMCClause-VIIIn case the yield of Cauvery basin is less in a distress year, the allocated shares shall be proportionatelyreduced among the States of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry.Clause-VIIIThe following inter-State contact points are identified for monitoring the water deliveries:(i) Between Kerala and Karnataka: Kabini reservoir site(ii) Between Kerala and Tamil Nadua) For Bhavani sub-basin : Chavadiyoor G.D.siteIt is reported that Chavadiyoor G.D. Site was being earlier operated by theState of Kerala which could be revived for inter-State observations.b) For Pambar sub-basin : Amaravathy reservoir site( iii) Between Karnataka and : Billigundulu G.D. site/any TamilNadu other site on common border(iv) Between Tamil Nadu and: Seven contact points asPondicherryalready in operationClause-IXSince the major shareholders in the Cauvery waters are the States of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, weorder the tentative monthly deliveries duringa normal year to be made available by the State ofKarnataka at the interState contact point presently identified as Billigundulu gauge and discharge stationlocated on the common border as under:-Month TMC Month TMCJune 10 December 8July 34 January 3August 50 February 2.5September 40 March 2.5October 22 April 2.5November 15 May 2.5192 TMCThe above quantum of 192 TMC of water comprises of 182 TMC from the allocated share of Tamil Naduand 10 TMC of water allocated for environmental purposes. The above monthly releases shall be brokenin 10 daily intervals by the Regulatory Authority.The Authority shall properly monitor the working of monthly schedule with the help of the concernedStates and Central Water Commission for a period of five years and if any modification/adjustment isneeded in the schedule thereafter, it may be worked out in consultation with the party States and help ofCentral Water Commission for future adoption without changing the annual allocation amongst theparties.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 179 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Clause -XThe available utilisable waters during a water year will include the waters carried over from the previouswater year as assessed on the 1 st of June on the basis of stored waters available on that date in all thereservoirs with effective storage capacity of 3 TMC and above.Clause-XIAny upper riparian State shall not take any action so as to affect the scheduled deliveries of water to thelower riparian States. However, the States concerned can by mutual agreement and in consultation withthe Regulatory Authority make any amendment in the pattern of water deliveries.Clause-XIIThe use of underground waters by any riparian State and U.T. of Pondicherry shall not be reckoned asuse of the water of the river Cauvery. The above declaration shall not in any way alter the rights, if any,under the law for the time being in force, of any private individuals, bodies or authorities.Clause-XIIIThe States of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu brought to our notice that a few hydro-power projects in thecommon reach boundary are being negotiated with the National Hydro-Power Corporation (NHPC). In thisconnection, we have only to observe that whenever any such hydro-power project is constructed andCauvery waters are stored in the reservoir, the pattern ofdownstream releases should be consistent withour order so that the irrigation requirements are not jeopardized.Clause-XIVUse of water shall be measured by the extent of its depletion of the waters of the river Cauvery includingits tributaries in any manner whatsoever; the depletion would also include the evaporation losses fromthe reservoirs. The storage in any reservoir across any stream of the Cauvery river system except theannual evaporation losses shall form part of the available water. The water diverted from any reservoirby a State for its own use during any water year shall be reckoned as use by that State in that wateryear. The measurement for domestic and municipal water supply, as also the industrial use shall be madein the manner indicated below:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UseMeasurement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Domestic and municipalBy 20 per cent of the quantity of waterWater supplydiverted or lifted from the river or any ofits tributaries or from any reservoir,storage or canal.Industrial useBy 2.5 per cent of the quantity of waterdiverted or lifted from the river or anyof its tributaries or from any reservoir,storage or canal.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 180 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Clause-XVIf any riparian State or U.T. of Pondicherry is not able to make use of any portion of its allocated shareduring any month in a particular water year and requests for its storage in the designated reservoirs, itshall be atliberty to make use of its unutilized share in any other subsequent month during the samewater year provided this arrangement is approved by the Implementing Authority.Clause-XVIInability of any State to make use of some portion of the water allocated to it during any water yearshall not constitute forfeiture or abandonment of its share of water in any subsequent water year norshall it increase the share of other State in the subsequent year if such State has used that water.Clause-XVIIIn addition, note shall be taken of all such orders, directions, recommendations, suggestions etc, whichhave been detailed earlier in different chapters/volumes of the report with decision for appropriate action.Clause XVIIINothing in the order of this Tribunal shall impair the right or power or authority of any State to regulatewithin its boundaries the use of water, or to enjoy the benefit of waters within that State in a manner notinconsistent with the order of this Tribunal.Clause-XIXIn this order,(a) “Normal year” shall mean a year in which the total yield of the Cauvery basin is 740 TMC.(b) Use of the water of the river Cauvery by any person or entity of any nature whatsoever, within theterritories of a State shall be reckoned as use by that State.(c) The expression “water year” shall mean the year commencing on 1 st June and ending on 31st May.(d) The “irrigation season” shall mean the season commencing on 1 st June and ending on 31st January ofthe next year.(e) The expression “Cauvery river” includes the main stream of the Cauvery river, all its tributaries andall other streams contributing water directly or indirectly to the Cauvery river.(f) The expression “TMC” means thousand million cubic feet of water.Clause-XXNothing contained herein shall prevent the alteration, amendment or modification of all or any of theforegoing clauses by agreement between the parties.Clause-XXIThe State Governments of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Pondicherry shall bearthe expenses of the Tribunal in the ratio of 15:40:40:5. However, these parties shall bear their own costsbefore this Tribunal.Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-Sudhir Narain J. N. S. Rao J. N. P.Singh J.MEMBER MEMBER CHAIRMANNew Delhi5th February 2007‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 181 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Parambikulam Aliyar PROJECT – AGREEMENTTamil Nadu-Kerala Inter-State Agreement on the Demising or Sharing of waters of the riversin the Bharathapuzha, Chalakudi and Periyar Basins1. AGREEMENT imade this twenty—ninth day of May of one thousand ninehundred and seventy between the Governor of Tamil Nadu (hereinafter called "the Government of TamilNadu" which expression shall, where the context so admits,, include his successors in office and assigns)of the ONE PART and the Governor of Kerala (hereinafter called "the Government of Kerala" whichexpression shall, where the context so admits, include his successors –in office and assigns) of theOTHER PART.2. WHEREAS, The Government of Tamil Nadu proposed to construct dams, weirs and reservoirs acrossand on the Sholayar, the Parambikulam Ar, the Thunacadavu Ar, the Thekkady Ar and the PeruvaripallamAr, all tributaries of Chalakudi River, Aliyar and Palar tributaries of Bharathapuzha and also across and onthe Nirar which is tributary of the Periyar river, for the diversion of the waters of the said rivers and ofAnamalayar, a tributary of the Periyar river for the benefit of the State of Tamil Nadu.3. WHEREAS the Government of Kerala also proposed to construct dams, reservoirs and weirs on andacross some of the said rivers and Anamalayar, a tributary of the Periyar river for the benefit of theState of Kerala.4. WHEREAS with a view to arriving at a settlement on the question of utilisation of waters of theaforesaid rivers, the Chief Ministers/Ministers of both Governments have met in conferences and enteredinto agreements on 9-11-1958, 4-7-1960 and 10-5-1969 and the representatives and technical officersof both the Governments have also met in conferences and after examining the details have come to anagreement.5. NOW THESE, presents witness and the parties hereto agree: (a)(i)to the construction of storage and /or division works on the rivers as specified in Schedule-1 appendedii) to the demising or sharing as the case may be of waters of these rivers in the manner and subject tothe conditions and limitations specified in Schedule-IIiii) to the sharing of the expenditure consequent on the construction and maintenance of the worksreferred to in sub-clause (i)above in the manner specified in Schedule-III,iv) to the establishment of a Joint Water Regulation Board for the purpose of regulating the flow ofwaters in accordance with the terms of this agreement as specified in Schedule-V.(b) Rights, liabilities and obligations other than those mentioned above shall be as specified in Schedule-IV.(c) The Government of Tamil Nadu and the Government of Kerala agree that the arrangementsembodied in the agreement be open to review in the light of the experience gained and to suchmodifications as may be mutually agreed upon, as a result of such review at "the expiry of thirtyyears from the ninth day of November of one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight and once inevery thirty years thereafter,d) This agreement shall be deemed to have come into force on the ninth day of November of onethousand nine hundred and fifty-eight.e) The schedules and annexures shall form part of the agreement.f) Every dispute, doubt, difference or question which may, at any time arise between the parties heretotouching on or arising out of or in respect of this agreement or the subject matters thereof shall bereferred to the Arbitration of an Arbitrator to be agreed upon between the parties or failingagreement, to two arbitrators one to be appointed by each party hereto and in case of difference ofopinion between the two arbitrators, to an Umpire appointed by the said two arbitrators, not laterthan one month from the date of such difference of opinion and the decision of the arbitrator or sucharbitrators or Umpire, as the case may be shall be final and binding on the parties.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 182 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE - 1(SEE PARAGRAPH 5(a)(i) OF THE AGREEMENT)RIVERS AND WORKS1. RIVERSa) This Agreement deals with the utilisation of the flows in the following rivers and streams flowing intothem, for the production of hydro electric power and irrigation, for drinking water supply, industrial useand for any other purpose for the benefit of the States of Kerala and Tamil Nadu:-i) Anamalayar and Nirar, both of which are tributaries of the Periyar river;ii) Sholayar, Parambikulam Ar, Thunacadavu Ar, Perivaripallam Ar and Thekkady Ar, all of which aretributaries of the Chalakudy river; andiii) Palar and Aliyar which are tributaries of the Bharathapuzha.b) The above mentioned rivers which flow partly or wholly through Tamil Nadu/ Kerala and the workscovered by this Agreement are indicated in the map appended.WORKS:I. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be at liberty to carry out the following works (hereinaftercalled the Parambikulam Aliyar Project).i) Construction of a weir across Nirar at latitude 10°17-l/2' N,longitude 77°1'E with adiversion tunnel leading to the Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir mentioned in item (ii)below. The, weir shall have two river sluices of not less than 5'x6' whose sill level be 5'below the sill level of the diversion tunnel leading to the Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir.ii)iii)iv)Construction of a dam across Sholayar (hereinafter called the Tamil Nadu SholayarReservoir) at a latitude 10°18' N Longitude 76°53'E with F.R.L. at R.L. + 3290 for storingthe natural flows in the Sholayar and also the flows diverted from Nirar and Anamalayar,the waters being for use in the States of both Tamil Nadu and Kerala as in Schedule-II.From this reservoir a tunnel may be constructed to divert water to the ParambikulamValley. A saddle spillway with crest level at R.L.+ 3290 and M.W.L at R.L. + 3295 may beprovided to surplus the waters into the Parambikulam valley, this being of the freeoverflow type with no shutters provided. Adequate outlets shall be provided in the dam orthrough a tunnel in the flanking hill - so as to enable Kerala to get the supplies of wateras provided in Schedule-II at all stages of effective storage in the reservoir.Construction of a dam across Parambikulam Ar,at Pulikalmudi latitude 10 o- 23’N, longitude76 o -46'E with F.R.L. at R.L.+1825 for storing the natural flows in the river and also thewaters diverted from Anamalayar and Nirar and Sholayar with a lead off channel andtunnel to divert the waters to the Thunacadavu reservoir. The capacity of the lead offchannel and tunnel shall be adequate to convey the water requirements of both theStates as provided for in Schedule II at all stages of effective storage in the reservoir.Construction of a dam across Thunacadavu Ar at latitude 10 o -25-3/4, N longitude 76°46'Ewith F.R.L. at R.L. +1770 to serve as a balanceing reservoir with lead off channels andtunnels for diverting water to Sarkarapathy Power House. It shall have a spillway at alevel not higher than the exit tunnel sill level. The capacity of the lead off channels andtunnels shall be adequate to convey the water requirements of both the States asprovided for in Schedule-II at all stages of effective storage in the reservoir.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 183 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

v) Construction of a dam across Peruvaripallam Ar at latitude 10 o 26-1/2' N, longitude76°46'E with F.R.L. at +1770 for storing and diverting the natural flows.vi)vii)viii)ix)Construction of a dam in the Nirar below the diversion weir specified in item (i) above tostore and divert the water to the extent specified in Schedule-II in the catchmentbetween the Nirar Weir and the Nirar dam (hereinafter referred to as the lower Nirarcatchment) to the Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir. This is in lieu of the Thekkadi dam andReservoir originally proposed as part of Parambikulam Aliyar Project and subsequentlygiven up. The Nirar reservoir as proposed here will also serve to conduct water divertedfrom the Anamalayar. A tunnel of suitable size may be constructed to divert the waterfrom this reservoir to the Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir. The location, design and otherdetails of the dam and the diversion tunnel will be as per specifications proposed by theGovernment of Tamil Nadu and approved by the Government of Kerala.Construction of lead off canals to take the tail race waters from the Sarkarpathy PowerHouse.Construction of a dam across Aliyar at latitude 10 o 29'N, longitude 76°58'E with F.R.L. at+1050. The Reservoir is intended to impound the natural flows of the Aliyar catchmentabove the reservoir and also part of the tail race waters from Sarkarpathy Power Housementioned above.Construction of storage and diversion works across Aliyar above the Aliyar Dammentioned in item (viii) for generation of power before the water is let down into the saiddam.x) Construction of a dam across Palar known as Tirumurthi dam at latitude 10°29'N,longitude 77° 9-1/2'E with F.R.L. at R.L.+1337.xi)Other works incidental to the above works including protective works, trash tracus,regulators etc.II. The Government of Kerala shall be at liberty to carry out the following works:i) Construction of a dam across Sholayar (hereinafter called the Kerala Sholayar Reservoir)within the State of Kerala at latitude 10 o 17' N and longitude 76°45" E with F.R.L. +2663with necessary diversion and other works.ii)iii)iv)Construction of projects in the Periyar system without reference to Tamil Nadu withoutaffecting in any manner the irrigation rights of Tamil Nadu in respect of Periyar reservoircovered by the Periyar Lease Deed of 1886.Construction of storage and diversion works within the State of Kerala in Chalakudy andBharathapuzha rivers and their tributaries but below the works covered by thisagreement and without physical damage or obstruction to the works covered by thisagreement.Other connected works incidental to the above works including protective works, trashtracks, regulators etc.III.All R.Ls. referring to Parambikulam Aliyar Project are based on the Project B.M. of that Project. AllR.Ls. referring to Kerala Sholayar are based on the Project B.M. of that Project. The B.Ms in turnare related to M.S.L. and give mean sea level values.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 184 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE-II(See PARAGRAPH 5(a)(ii) OF THE AGREEMENT) UTILISATION OF WATERSThe actual use of the waters of these rivers shall be governed by the conditions and limitationsmentioned hereunder.1. PERIYAR BASINi) ANAMALAYAR: 2.5 TMC ft. of water may be diverted every year by Tamil Nadu from Anamalayar foruse in the Parambikulam Aliyar Project System. This, however, will be done after the construction of theidamalayar Project is completed by the Government of Kerala. Details regarding the diversion of waterby Tamil Nadu will be settled separately between the two Governments and a supplementary agreementexecuted. Kerala will undertake Projects in the Periyar system without reference to Tamil Nadu withoutaffecting in any manner the irrigation rights of Tamil Nadu in repsect of Periyar Reservoir covered by thePeriyar Lease Deed of 1886.ii) NIRAR: a) The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be entitled to divert all waters of the river Nirar atthe site of the weir mentioned in para — graph 2(i) in Schedule-I and utilise the waters for the benefit ofthe State of Tamil Nadu provided the entire natural flows in the river during the period from 1st Octoberto 31st January every year are let down the river for benefit of the State of Kerala. For this purpose.theriver sluices will be fully left open during 1st October to 31st January. During this period the tunnelleading to Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir will be kept fully closed. When the storage reservoirscontemplated by the Government of Kerala in Periyar valley begin to function, the entire natural flows ofNirar river can be diverted in full every year at the weir site by the Government of Tamil Nadu.b) Subject to the provision of sub clause (a) above, the entire yield of the lower Nirar catchment(referred to in paragraph 2 (vi) of Schedule-I) shall be diverted into the Parambikulam system. TheGovernment of Tamil Nadu will be entitled to draw and utilise a quantity not exceeding 16.5 TMC ft.every year (including evaporation losses) from the yield of the Parambikulam Ar, Peruvaripallam Ar,Tunacadavu Ar and'the water diverted from the yield of the lower Nirar catchment. The quantity inexcess of 16.5 TMC ft. (including evaporation losses) to be utilised by Tamil Nadu shall belong to Keralaand shall be made available for use by Kerala as specified in paragraph 3 below, provided however thatuntil the Nirar reservoir is constructed and commissioned the figures and letters 16.5 TMC ft. whereverthey occur in this clause shall be read and construed as 14 TMC ft.2. CHALAKUDI BASIN: SHOLAYARThe Government of Kerala shall be entitled to utilise a total volume of 12.3 TMC ft. of water every yearamounting to the utilisation of 390c/s average discharge from the Kerala Sholayar Reservoir deliveredand measured at the Kerala Sholayar Power House, and this quantity shall be drawnby Kerala withoutallowing any spill over the spillway in Kerala Sholayar dam excepting under emergency conditions. TheKerala State shall be entitled to regulate this water from the Kerala Reservoir which has an effectivecapacity of 5.3 TMC ft. to provide for an average discharge of 390 c/s for power or for irrigationpurposes, as the case may be, subject to the total utilisation of 12.3 TMC ft. of water annually andsubject to the condition that water shall be drawn only through the power tunnel except under emergencyconditions with due intimation to the Government of Tamil Nadu. After ensuring this flow and thetotal volume referred to above, the Government of Tamil Nadu shall be entitled to store, regulate anddivert from Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir, into the Parambikulam Aliyar Project system all the surplusflows of Sholayar and also the waters diverted from Nirar and Anamalayar rivers as specified inparagraph I above. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be entitled to use the waters let down to Kerala‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 185 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

for generation of hydro Electric Power within the limits of the State of Tamil Nadu for the benefit of theState of Tamil Nadu.Subject to the total quantity delivered and measured at Kerala Sholayar Power House being 12.3 TMC ft.every year, the requirements of Kerala shall be supplied in the following manner:-i) The Government of Tamil Nadu shall let down from their reservoir in the Sholayar river suchquantities of water as together with the yield from the intermediate catchment between TamilNadu Sholayar Reservoir and Kerala Sholayar Reservoir will ensure the following:July 1 st : Tamil Nadu shall commence filling Kerala SholayarReservoir from 1st July and fill it upto 5’ below the F.R.L.that is plus 2658 as soon as possible.September 1 st :September 2 nd to January 31 st :February 1 st :February to June:Kerala Sholayar Reservoir shall be kept at the fullreservoir level of plus 2663.The level in Kerala Sholayar Reservoir shall be maintainedat about 5ft. below F.R.L. i.e. plus 2658.The Kerala Sholayar shall be kept at full reservoir level ofplus 2663.No releases need be made from Tamil Nadu Reservoirduring these months provided that 12.3 TMC ft. of waterhad been delivered at the Kerala Sholayar Power Houseby 1 st February.Subject to the above, the actual regulation at Kerala Sholayar Power House shall be as decided by theGovernment of Kerala.ii) The Government of Kerala shall not ordinarily operate the undersluices or river outlets in the KeralaSholayar Reservoir except under emergency conditions and during flood seasons, and when they are sooperated due intimation should be given to the authorised officers of the Government of Tamil Nadu.3. PARAMBIKULAM GROUP OF RIVERSA) As already stated in paragraph 1 (ii) of this Schedule and subject to the provison thereto out of thetotal annual yield of the Parambikulam Ar, Thunacadavu Ar, and Peruvaripallam Ar, hereinafter referredto as the Parambikulam system at the respective dam sites and the lower Nirar catchment at the NirarDam site, the Government of Tamil Nadu shall be entitled to store and divert every year, a total quantitynot exceeding 16.5 TMC ft. including the Tamil Nadu share of evaporation losses.NOTE :Out of the evaporation losses of Parambikulam waters 0.150 TMC ft. should be met fromthe share of 16.5 TMC ft. of Tamil Nadu and the formula X-0.186 TMC ft.+16.350 TMC ft.adopted to measure the quantum of water at the Sarkarpathy Power House whereX=quantum of water coming out of the first power house. 0.186 TMC ft. =evaporationlosses of Sholayar and Nirar waters in Parambikulam Reservoir.16.350 TMC ft.=Parambikulam water after allowing for evaporation losses.b (i)Subject to the provisions of the proviso of paragraph 1 (ii) (b) of this schedule any surplus over16.5 TMC ft.or 14 TMC ft as the case may be, including concerned evaporation losses availablefrom the yield at Parambikulam, Tunacadavu and Peruvaripallam dam sites and the Lower Nirarcatchment at the Nirar Dam site shall belong to the Government of Kerala. The quantity availableshall be determined by gauging in the rivers carried out jointly by the technical officers of the twoGovernments for a period of ten years from July 1970 under the supervision of the Joint Water‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 186 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Regulation Board. But as an interim measure, average of the gaugings for the year 1970-71 shallbe used for the first year of operation under the Joint Water Regulation Board and graduallycorrected on the basis of the observations of each succeeding year till the 10th year when thefinal figures shall be determined and accepted.ii)iii)Out of the surplus so determined, the Government of Kerala shall be entitled to a quantity upto2.5 TMC ft. for the exclusive use of Kerala for irrigating lands in Chittur taluk. This quantity towhich the Government of Kerala is entitled shall be stored and diverted to the east of the ghatsthrough the tunnels of the State of Tamil Nadu and made available to the State of Kerala throughthe high level canal to be constructed exclusively for the use of Kerala at the cost of theGovernment of Kerala branching off from Sarkarpathy power house or Sethumadi canal forirrigating lands in Chittur Taluk in the State of Kerala. Until the high level canal is constructed,Kerala will have the right to use this quantity of water in the Chitturpuzha system Water inexcess of 19 TMC ft. or 16.5 TMC ft. after setting off 16.5 TMC ft. or 14 TMC ft. as the case maybe to be drawn by Tamil Nadu and 2.5 TMC ft. to be drawn through Parambikulam conductorsystem for use in Kerala, if any shall be let down into the Chalakudi basin through the spillway,and outlet arrangements in the dams across the Parambikulam group of rivers.If the surplus available for diversion for use m the Chitturpuzha valley is short of 2.5 TMC ft. theGovernment of Kerala may make up the shortfall by diversion from other Kerala sources, if theydo desire.4. ALIYARa) At present an extent of 20,000 acres of double crop wet lands in Chitturpuzha Valley in KeralaState (including an extent of 5,000 acres of land raising Varthu Vitha crop) and an extent of 6400acres of double crop wet lands in Tamil Nadu are being irrigated from the waters of Palar andAliyar rivers. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall apply annually at Manacadavu Weir rear Keralaborder 7.250 TMC ft. of water exclusive of unutilibable flood waters for assured irrigation of20,000 acres in Kerala (including 5,000 acres of Varthu Vitha).Explanation : Any flow at Manacadavu Weir during any fortnight, exceeding the quantum which has tobe regulated and supplied as shown in Annexure-I will be deemed unutilisable.b) The actual regulation for the supply of water for the Kerala Ayacut below Manacadavu Weir shall be asspecified in Annexure-I and such supplies shall be ensured by the Government of Tamil Nadu.c) The Joint Water Regulation Board may make any variation to suit local conditions in requirementsspecified in Annexure-I subject to the total quantum being 7.250 TMC ft. annually.d) The Joint Water Regulation Board will fix points for gaugings of the flows of Paiar below ThirumurthiDam and the Aliyar and also at the different anicutsin two rivers above Manacadavu Weir.5. THEKKADI AR.Tamil Nadu will have no claim for the waters of Thekkadi Ar.6. JOINT WATER REGULATION BOARDAs the flows from one river into another and from one reservoir/weir into another are inter-connected,there shall be a Joint Water Regulation Board referred to in paragraph 5(a)(iv) the constitution,functions, powers and duties of which are defined in Schedule V.7. In all calculations of yield, transfer, discharge, delivery and utilisation, year by year, of waters in therivers, Reservoirs, Power Houses and Canals, initial and final storages and intermediate flows will betaken into account to the extent they are necessary and relevant.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 187 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE -III(SEE PARAGRAPH 5(a)(iii) OF THE AGREEMENT)FINANCIAL TERMSPARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT1. i) The Government of Kerala shall contribute to the cost of constructionof the works of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project that are beneficial tothem in proportion to the benefit derived as mentioned in paragraph 2 to 4.ii) The following works of Parambikulam Aliyar Project will benefit theState of Kerala:-a) Aliyar Reservoir.b) Nirar Reservoir.c) Tunnel from Nirar Reservoir to Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir.d) Parambikulam Reservoir..e) Tunnel from Parambikulam Reservoir to Tunacadavu Reservoir.f) Tunacadavu Reservoir.g) Peruvaripallam Reservoir.h) Water conductor system from the Tunacadavu Reservoir to Sarkarpathi Power House.i) High Level Canal branching off from Sethumadai canal or from Sarkarpathy Power House, for irrigatinglands in Kerala.The works (a) to (h) will be executed by the Government of Tamil Nadu at their cost in the first instance.The proportionate cost of the works beneficial to Kerala will be borne by the Government of Kerala. Workwill be executed as a deposit work by the Government of Tamil Nadu at the cost of the Government ofKerala.2. The benefit to Tamil Nadu from Aliyar Reservoir is computable at a quantity of 5.5 TMC ft. of water peryear while the benefit to Kerala is by way of stabilisation of the existing wet ayacut assessable at 1 TMCft. per year. The capital and maintenance cost of the Aliyar Dam shall, therefore, be shared betweenTamil Nadu and Kerala in the ratio of 11:2.3. The total quantity of water impounded and utilised in'the Parambikulam Aliyar Project system in anaverage year can be computed as 33 TMC ft. as detailed below:Diverted from the AnamalayarDiverted from the Nirar WeirDiverted from the Tamil Nadu Sholayar2.5 TMC ft.9 TMC ft2.5 TMC ftDiverted from the Nirar Reservoir, Parambikulam Dam,Tunacadavu Dam and Peruvaripallam Dam19 TMC ftTotal ..33 TMC ftThe capital and maintenance costs of all works mentioned in (b) to (h) in paragraph 1 (ii) shall first beallocated in the ratio of 50:50 between power and irrigation and the cost allocated to power shall be metentirely by Tamil Nadu. The portion of the capital and maintenance cost of these works allocated toirrigation shall be shared between the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the ratio of 305:25 or61:5.4. The entire capital, maintenance and operation costs of the High Level Channel mentioned as item (i) inparagraph 1 (ii) shall be borne by the Government of Kerala.5. The operation cost in respect of joint gauging by both the Governments will be borne by the respectiveGovernments.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 188 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE-IV(See PARAGRAPH 5(b) OF THE AGREEMENT)MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS1. The operation of spillway control gates and other surplusing and outletarrangements of works covered by this agreement shall be judiciously managed so as to ensurethe safety of the downstream structures. Timely flood warning should be given to avert flooddisasters. If there should be failure in taking adequate precautionary measures and giving timelyintimation, the joint Water Regulation Board shall immediately conduct an enquiry and make areport to the two Governments.2. Free access shall be given by either State to the officers authorised by the Government of theother State to-all dams and appurtenant structures covered by this agreement constructed andmaintained by them and also to all the records relating to the maintenance and operation of suchdams and structures, constructed, under construction and to be constructed.3. The right of the Government of Tamil Nadu to utilise the lands covered by the licence and lyingwithin the Kerala State for the construction, maintenance and operation of the ParambikulamAliyar Project shall in no way affect the rights of the Government of Kerala in the said lands andthe Government of Kerala shall continue to have full rights in respect of the said lands (subject tothe terms and conditions of this agreement).4. All activities connected with the promotion and developments of tourism in the lands coverted bythe. licence lying within the State of Kerala shall be under the control of the Government ofKerala.5. The Government of Kerala shall have the exclusive right, authority and liberty of fishing andbreeding of fish in the following reservoirs, namely, Parambikulam, Tunacadavu, Peruvaripallamand Kerala Sholayar.6. The navigation rights in all the rivers and reservoirs lying within the State of Kerala shall vest inthe Government of Kerala. The Government of Kerala shall be the sole authority to issue licencesto boats and other vessels plying in these waters. Subject to these provisions the officers of TamilNadu are permitted to ply their inspection boats in these rivers and reservoirs.7. The Government of Kerala shall be the sole authority for the maintenance of law and order in thearea covered by the Parambikulam Aliyar Project lying within the State of Kerala.8. All residual rights not specifically mentioned in this agreement in respect of the lands and riversused for the Parambikulam Aliyar Project shall vest with the Government in whose territory theyare situated.9. The Government of Kerala shall grant to the Government of Tamil Nadu,licence for the use of allthe lands required permanently by the reservoirs and the construction of dams and theappurtenant structures relating to Parambikulam Aliyar Project. The rent for the use of the land,compensation for the trees to be cut and removed from the sites and the terms and conditions ofthe licence shall be as detailed in Annexure-II appended.10. Compensation for the Kerala Government forests made available to the Government of TamilNadu for the use of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project shall be paid in accordance with the termsand conditions of this agreement and the recommendations made by the Joint team of officers ofthe Government of Tamil Nadu and Kerala on 12th August,1965 and agreed to by both theGovernments.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 189 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

11. The Government of Kerala shall also grant to the Government of Tamil Nadu licence for the use ofall lands required temporarily by the Government of Tamil Nadu for the works connected with theParambikulam Aliyar Project. The period of this licence shall be limited to the actual period ofconstruction of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project and no compensation of any kind shall bepayable to the Government of Tamil Nadu on the termination of the licence. For the buildingsconstructed by Tamil Nadu and taken over by the Government of Kerala compensation will bepaid. The rent for the use of the land covered by the licence, the compensation for trees to be cutand removed from the sites and the terms and conditions of the licence shall be as mentioned inAnnexure-II.12. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be given free use of all the existing roads within the projectarea for the plying of vehicles and other normal use in connection with the execution, operationand- maintenance of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project and the entire responsibility for upkeep andmaintenance of these roads, as prescribed by the Chief Engineer, Public Works Department,Kerala shall be that of the Government of Tamil Nadu, no contribution being made for thispurpose by the Government of Kerala. The Officers and nominees of the Government of Keralashall have free use of all these roads for any departmental or other vehicles authorised by them,no rent or toll being payable for such use. The travelling public shall also have free use of allthese roads subject to security restrictions in the project area.13. Notwithstanding anything herein contained the Government of Tamil Nadu shall have the right foruse of the land situated within the State of Kerala and given on licence to them only for thepurpose of execution and maintenance and operation of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project and forno other purpose.14. On completion of the construction phase of each component of the project, all roads in theconcerned project area situated within the Kerala State shall be taken over for control andmaintenance by the Government of Kerala. No compensation is payable to the Government ofTamil Nadu for the construction of these roads or their maintenance till then. The Officers andnominees of the Government of Tamil Nadu shall have free use of all roads in Kerala territory inParambikulam Aliyar Project for their departmental or other vehicles authorised by them no rentor toll being payable for such use.15. The Government of Kerala shall be permitted free use of all existing roads in the Anamalayar andNirar catchments in Tamil Nadu for the plying of vehicles and other normal use in connection withthe investigation, execution, maintenance and operation of projects in the Periyar system, norent or toll being payable for such use.16. The Officers and nominees of the Government of Kerala shall have free use of all the roadsin the Parambikulam Aliyar Project in Tamil Nadu territory for their departmental or for othervehicles authorised by them, no rent or toll being payable for such use.17. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be liable to pay compensation to the Government of Keralafor the use and enjoyment of land and other amenities within the State of Kerala and for thedamages that might be caused to the improvements in the land so used and enjoyed, such asroads, forests, buildings, Hillmen settlement etc., in connection with the execution of the works.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 190 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE-V (See PARAGRAPH 5(a) (iv) OF THE AGREEMENT)CONSTITUTION, FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE JOINT WATER REGULATION BOARD FORTHE PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT SYSTEMCONSTITUTION1. The Joint Water Regulation Board (hereinafter referred to as the Board) referred to in paragraph 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement will be constituted with effect from the 1st June,1970.2) The Board shall Consist of:i) The Chief Engineer (Irrigation), Kerala.ii) The Chief Engineer in charge of Parambikulam ALiyar Project, Tamil Nadu.iii) A representative of the Kerala State Electricity Board, not below the rank of a Chief Engineer.iv) A representative of the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, not below the rank of a Chief Engineer.1) The Chief Engineer (Irrigation) Kerala and the Chief Engineer in charge of Parambikulam AliyarProject, Tamil Nadu shall function as the Chairman of the Board every alternate year. The ChiefEngineer (Irrigation), Kerala will be the first Chairman of the Board. He will hold office for one yearfrom the date of formation of the Board. Thereafter, the Chief Engineer in charge of ParambikulamAliyar Project, Tamil Nadu and the Chief Engineer (Irrigation), Kerala will function as Chairman alternatelyeach year.Powers and Functions2. (a) The Board shall be responsible for the proper regulation of waters collectedand distributed through the Anamalayar, the Nirar Weir, the lower Nirar Reservoir, the Tamil Nadu Sholayar and the Kerala Sholayar, the Parambikulam,the Tunacadavu, the Peruvaripallam, the Aliyar reservoirs and the Manakadavu Weir, in accordance withthis agreement.(b) The Board will also arrange to measure the discharges from the Aliyar catchment intercepted by thecontour Canal leading to the Tirumurthi Reservoir.3. THE-BOARD WILL:a) Arrange with immediate effect joint gauging of all the rivers concerned and ascertain in detail andseparately the yield and run off.b) Decide on the manner and details of withdrawals of water from the above mentionedreservoirs/weirs, in accordance with the terms of the agreement.c) Implement the decisions so arrived at through the Chief Engineer concerned.d) Determine the actual quantum of water withdrawn from each of the above mentioned sites atperiodical intervals.e) Receive fortnightly accounts of water Regulation from the officers concerned.f) Frame suitable regulations for the operation of surplus gates wherever they are installed in amanner which will ensure, the safety of the structure and at the same time prevent damages anddanger to structures located downstream, and also arrange to frame suitable rules for floodwarnings. If there should be failure in taking adequate precautionery measures and giving timelyintimation, the Board shall immediately conduct an enquiry and make a report to the twoGovernments.g) Any other matter incidental to the above as may be referred to the Board by the two Governments.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 191 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Meetings of the Board4. The Board shall meet each year as often as possible and decide on a judicious management of watersin accordance with the provisions of this agreement.Provided, however, it shall meet (a) one month prior to the commencement of each irrigation season inthe areas benefited by the project in the respective States to decide upon the pattern of regulation ofwaters, and (b) two weeks after the closure of the season, and review the variability of water in theentire group of reservoirs to decide on the manner of operation of the entire system for the nextirrigation season, taking into account carry over storages.5. Communication of Decisions and their ImplementationIt shall be the duty of the Chairman to communicate the decisions of the Board to the Chief Engineersconcerned. The Chief Engineers concerned shall implement the same without delay.6. Disagreement to be Reported to Governmentsa. If there is any disagreement between the members of the Board on any matter within thepurview of the Board, the Chairman of the Board shall report the matter to the Governments ofTamil Nadu and Kerala at the earliest, and in any case within a week, with a detailed noteexplaining the facts of the case the view points expressed by the representatives of both theStates and the points of disagreement. He shall also be at liberty to record his recommendationsin the matter.b. Upon receiving such a report, the two Government shall, as soon as may be, discuss the matterand arrive at a settlement.ANNEXURE-I STATEMENT OF FORTNIGHTLY WATER REQUIREMENTS IN MILLION CUBIC FEETFOR CHITTURPUZHA LANDS IN KERALAS.No.ParticularsJan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd1. Varathu Vitha 60 60 90 90 240 240 120 1002. 1 st Crop 290 217 176 126 122 150 503. 2 nd Crop 606 404 101 101 505 707 707 404 202 303 404 606Total rounded 670 470 100 100 240 240 400 320 180 130 130 250 160 510 700 700 410 210 310 410 610Total = 7,250 M.CftAverageDischarge incuses duringfortnight500 350 80 80 180 180 300 250 140 100 100 200 120 400 540 540 300 160 240 320 440ANNEXURE-IITERMS AND CONDITIONS ON WHICH THE KERALA LANDS ARE TO BE MADE AVAILABLE FORTHE PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT OF TAMIL NADU1. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall be treated as licensee, in respect of all the lands madeavailable to them for the use of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project, the lands vesting in theGovernment of Kerala.2. The terms of the licence shall cover the uses which are specifically agreed to in this Agreementbetween the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in respect of the Parambikulam AliyarProject.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 192 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

3. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall pay the full compensation for the lands to be acquired bythe Government of Kerala and also the value of the lands at the disposal of the Government ofKerala which are made available to the Government of Tamil Nadu. Where the compensationawarded under the Land Acquisition Act includes the value of trees, the Government, of TamilNadu shall be allowed the use of those trees.4. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall, in respect of all the lands made available to them, pay aslicence fees, lands revenue at the rate prevailing in Kerala State from time to time subject to aminimum of Rupees two per acre.5. The compensation for the Kerala Government Forests made available to the Government ofTamil Nadu for the use of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project shall be in accordance with the termsand conditions of this agreement and the recommendations made by the Joint Team of Officers ofthe Government of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, on 12th August 1965 and agreed to by both theGovernments.6. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall hold on payment of a licence fee at the rate specified inparagraph 4 above those lands made available by the Government of Kerala for the permanentuse of reservoirs, dams and appurtenant structures relating to Parambikulam Aliyar Project.7. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall hold temporarily and on payment to the Government ofKerala the licence fee at the rate specified in paragraph 4 above, such of those lands acquired atthe cost of the Government of Tamil Nadu and made available for temporary use to them andalso other forest lands made available for temporary use in connection with the construction ofthe Parambikulam Aliyar Project. As soon as the actual construction of each component of theProject is completed, the Government of Tamil Nadu shall hand over to the Government of Keralathose lands with the buildings thereon and the Government of Kerala will be entitled to takepossession of them and deal with them in such manner as they deem fit and no compensation ofany kind shall be payable to the Government of Tamil Nadu by the Government of Kerala forthose lands. Compmensation will be paid by the Government of Kerala for the buildingsconstructed by the Government of Tamil Nadu and taken over by the Government of Kerala.Buildings not required by the Government of Kerala may be disposed off by the Government ofTamil Nadu and the land handed over.In witness whereof Thiru K.S. Sivasubrahmanyan, Secretary to Government of Tamil Nadu, Public WorksDepartment acting for and on behalf of and by order and direction of the Governor of Tamil Nadu and SriK.P. Viswanathan Nair, secretary to the Government of Kerala, Water and Power Department acting forand on behalf of and by order and direction of the Governor of Kerala hereunto set their hands.K. S. Sivasubrahmanyan, Sd. K.P. Viswanathan Nair,Signed by the above namedSigned by the above namedin the presence ofin the presence ofSd. R. RAMASUBRAMANIAM,Sd. R. GOPALASWAMY,(1) Thiru. R.Ramasubramaniam, (1) Sri. R.Gopalaswamy,Secretary to theSecretary to theGovernment of Tamil Nadu,Government of Kerala,Law DepartmentPublic Works DepartmentSd. G.JAS.,Sd. P.Sankunni Menon(2) Thiru. G.Jas, (2) Sri. P.Sankunni Menon,Joint Secretary to theSecretary to theGovernment of Tamil Nadu,Government of Kerala,Public Works DepartmentLaw Department.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 193 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

KERALA-TAMIL NADU AGREEMENT ONSIRUVANI DRINKING WATER SUPPLY PROJECT AGREEMENT(a)THE AGREEMENT made this the Nineteenth day of August One.Thousand Nine Hundred andSeventy-three between the Governor of Kerala (hereinafter referred to as "the Governmentof Kerala" which expression shall where the context so admits include his successors inoffice and assigns) of the one part and the Governor of Tamil Nadu (hereinafter referred toas "the Government of Tamil Nadu" which expression shall where the context so admitsinclude his successors in office and assigns) of the other part.(b) WHEREAS there exists a masonry overflow dam between latitudes 10 -58' North 10 -57'North and between 76 -37' East and 76 -36' East at Muthukulam across the Siruvani Riverflowing through the State of Kerala for diverting water for drinking purposes to the CoimbatoreMunicipal Town in the State of Tamil Nadu;(c)WHEREAS the Government of Tamil Nadu now want /to augment the suppsLy of drinking waterto the Coimbatore Municipal Town;(d) WHEREAS the Government of Tamil Nadu have sought the permission of the Government ofKerala to construct a new Dam downstream of the existing dam at Muthukulam mentionedabove with adequate storage- capacity to supply a quantity not exceeding 1,300 M. eft,annually to the Coimbatore Municipal Town for drinking water supply pruposes;(e) ANDWHEREAS the Chief Ministers of the State of Kerala and the State of Tamil Nadu met inconference on May 10, 1969* and came to a settlement regarding the construction of thedam and diversion of the water for the said purpose.(f)Now these presents witness and it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:-(i)The expression "Coimbatore Municipal Town" used in this agreement shall mean thearea notified as such under the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920.(ii) Nothing contained in this agreement shall prejudicially affect the respective rights of theGovernment of Kerala or the Government of Tamil Nadu to the Cauvery riversystem in general or the claims of the respective Governments for the water fromBhavani Basin in particular.Explanation: The Cauvery River system mentioned in this clause shall mean and includethe river Cauvery and all its tributaries.(iii) The Government of JCerala hereby agree to the diversion of water not exceeding 1,300M. eft. (one thousand three hundred million cubic feet) measured at the intake towerfrom the reservoir every year to the Government of Tamil Nadu for the drinking watersupply requirements of the Coimbatore Municipal Town and the neighbouring areas witheffect from the date on which the new Dam and other appurtenant works are constructedand become operative commissioned partly or completely:Provided that even before and during the course of construction of such dam and works the Governmentof Tamil Nadu may divert water upto an extent not exceeding 1,300 M.cft. per year.Explanation I :For purposes of this agreement drinking water supply shall include the supply ofwater for domestic, community and industrial needs but shall not includeirrigation purposes.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 194 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Explanation II :The year shall be the period commencing on the first day of July of every yearand ending with the 30th day of June of the succeeding year.(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)The Government of Kerala will construct at the cost of the Government of Tamil Nadu theSiruvani Drinking Water Supply Project subject to the rules and regulations governing theexecution of 'deposit work' as mentioned in the Kerala Public Works Account Cede. TheProject shall consist of a dam at latitude 10°-58'-36" north and longitude 76 O -38'-30"east across the Siruvani River and other appurtenant works in the Kerala territary(hereinafter referred to as "the Siruvani Drinking Water Supply Project or the Project.")Notwithstanding the provision of Clause III the Project the salient technical features ofwhich are given in Schedule I shall be constructed to make available a regulated flow ofnot exceeding 5 cusecs of water down stream in order to meet the riparian requirementsin Kerala State.The salient technical features of the Project as agreed to between the parties hereto areincorporated in Schedule I appended to this agreement.Suitable measuring devices will be installed at the cost of the Government of Tamil Naduat the points of diversion of water from the reservoir in Kerala State and ofcommencement of the conveying main supplying drinking water to the CoimbatoreMunicipal Town and measurements recorded.(viii) The estimate for the Project will be sanctioned on behalf of the Government of Tamil Naduby the Government of Kerala as a 'deposit work' as defined in the Kerala Public WorksAccount Code. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall deposit with the Government ofKerala every year in two instalments such amounts as may be required.toy theGovernment of Kerala for the construction of the Project. These instalments shallbecome payable onthe first day of January and first day of July every year; providedhowever that any amount found unspent at the time of payment of an instalment shall beadjusted towards the amount due under that instalment aud balance, if any, alone needbe paid.(ix)(x)(xi)(xii)In addition to the estimated cost of the construction of the Project, the Government ofTamil Nadu shall also pay to the Government of Kerala,on demand, the excess cost, ifany, incurred by the Government of Kerala in the construction of the Project due to therise in wages of labour, cost of materials, authorised deviation, losses by fire or otherunforeseen circumstances.The Government of Tamil Nadu shall also pay to the Government of Kerala centagecharges,at the rate of 16% (sixteen per cent) of the actual cost of construction of theProject. ..Such payment shall be made on demand made by the Government of Keralaafter the completion of the project.The Government of Kerala shall maintain the Project, when completed, at the cost of'theGovernment of Tamil Nadu.The Government of Tamil Nadu shall deposit with the Government of Kerala in advanceevery year before the end of the financial year the estijnated cost of maintenance of theProject for the succeeding financial year. The actual expenditure incurred on.maintenance of the Project including establishment charges and also agency charges at6% of the above expenditure (six per cent) will be adjusted by the Government of Keralaagainst this advance amount and if the advance amount is found insufficient, the deficitamount will be adjusted against the advance to be deposited for the subsequent- financialyear.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 195 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

(xiii)(xiv)(xv)The Government of Kerala and the Government of Tamil Nadu agree that a Joint ControlBoard consisting of officers of both the State Governments be constituted for the purposeof regulation and supply of water for the drinking water supply 'requirements of theCoimbatore Municipal Town and the neighbouring areas in accordance with the terms andconditions herein contained. The rules relating to the constitution, function and powers ofthe Joint Control Board are specified in Schedule II to this Agreement.The Project shall be exclusively under the possession and control of the Government ofKerala. The regulation and supply of water from the reservoir shall be done by an officerof the Government of Kerala and the regulation and supply of water through theconveying main shall be done by an officer of the Government of Tamil Nadu. In boththese matters, both these officers shall be controlled by the Joint Control Board.It is also agreed that free access shall be given by either Government to the officersauthorised by the other Government to the Project and all connected installations in boththe Kerala and Tamil Nadu States and also to all records and books of accounts relatingto the supply and utilisation of such waters.(xvl) The Government of Kerala shall make k available the extent of Government landsrequired for the Project within the Kerala State. If any property not owned by theGovernment of Kerala is found necessary for the reservoir or the Project theGovernment of Kerala shall acquire such lands at the cost of the Government ofKerala. The Government of Tamil Nadu shall pay to the Government of Kerala everyyear an amount calculated at the rate of Rs.125 per hectare for the use of the entireland made available for the Project. This amount due for the year shall be paid by theGovernment of Tamil Nadu to the Government of Kerala on or before 1st day ofApril that year. The cost of rehabilitation of families likely to be evicted or religiousinstitutions to be shifted will be charged? to the cost of the construction of theProject.(xvii)Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (xvi), the rate of Rs.125 per hectare perannum therein mentioned shall be subject to review by mutual agreement once in 20(twenty) years from the commissioning of the Project.(xviii) The Government of Kerala shall construct a road to the dam site from the Kerala side.The Government of Tamil Nadu shall pay to the Government of Kerala on demand asum of Rs.15 lakhs (Rupees fifteen lakhs) towards the cost of construction of thesaid road.(xix)In case the Project is abandoned by the Government of Tamil Nadu and expresslydeclared so in writing the entire Project shall become the property of theGovernment of Kerala and the Government of Tamil Nadu shall not have any rightto claim any amount as compensation or damage.(xx) Every dispute, doubt, or difference of opinion or-question which may at any timearise between the parties hereto touching or arising out of or in respect of thisagreement or the subject matter thereof shall be referred to the arbitration of anArbitrator to be agreed upon between the parties and failing such agreement, to twoArbitrators one to be appointed by each party hereto and in case of difference ofopinion between the two Arbitrators to an Umpire appointed by the said twoArbitrators not later than one month from the date on which such difference ofopinion occurs and the decision of the Arbitrator of such Arbitrators or the Umpire asthe case may be shall be final and binding on both the parties, The provisionscontained in the Indian Arbitration Act shall apply to the proceedings connected withthis arbitration.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 196 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

(xxi) The Government of Tamil Nadu shall pay to the Government of Kerala the amountsspecified in the various clauses of this agreement at the time or times specified inthose clauses. In case the Government of Tamil Nadu fails to make such paymenton the due dates, the Government of Tamil Nadu shall pay to the Government ofKerala the actual damages caused to the Government of Kerala due to such breach;Provided that in case the Government of Tamil Nadu fails to pay the amount of damages when damandedby the Government of Kerala, the Government of Tamil Nadu shall be liable to pay interest at 12 per centper annum for the entire amounts due under the agreement as also the damage amount fixed under thisclause.(xxii)The Government of Kerala agree to take all possible steps to complete the Project inabout four years.(xxiii) This agreement shall come into force with immediate effect and shall remain in full forceand effect for a period of 99 (ninety-nine) years: provided that this agreement shall, atthe option of the Government of Tamil Nadu, be renewed by mutual consent for suchperiod and subject to such terms and conditions as may then be mutually agreed upon.(xxiv) The schedules appended to this agreement shall form part of this agreement.In witness thereof Shri T.Madhava Menon, Special Secretary to the Government of Kerala, Water andPower Department, for and on behalf of the Governor of Kerala and by the order and direction of theGovernor of Kerala and Thiru M.M. Rajendran, Secretary to the Government of Tamil Nadu, Public WorksDepartment for and on behalf of the Governor of Tamil Nadu and by order and direction of the Governorof Tamil Nadu have hereunto set their hands the day and year first above written.Signed by Shri T. Madhava Menon,Special Secretary to the Government of Kerala,(Sd.)Water and Power Department, Trivandrum.For and on behalf of the Governor of Kerala.In the presence of witnesses:(1) Shri V.U.K. Nambissan, (Sd.)Joint Secretary to Government of Kerala,Water and Power Department.(2) Shri K. Bharathan, (Sd.)Chief Engineer, General and Projects,Kerala Public Wroks Department, Trivandrum.Signed by Thiru M. M. Rajendran,(Sd.)Secretary to the Government of Tamil Nadu.Public Works Department, Madras.For and on behalf of the Governor of Tamil NaduIn the presence of witnesses:(1) Thiru S. Vadivelu, (Sd.)Additional Secretary to Government ofTamil Nadu, Law Department, Madras.(2) Thiru S. M. Sulaiman, (Sd.)Joint Secretary to Government of TamilNadu, Public Works Department, Madras.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 197 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

SCHEDULE I (See Paragraph V of-the Agreement)SIRUVANI DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR COIMBATORE TOWN DAM ANDAPPURTENANT WORKS SALIENT TECHNICAL FEATURESMa in I tern :1. Masonry dam across the Siru-vani Riverconsisting of bulk head and spillway2. An intake tower along with suitablemeasuring devices3. Other connected works- such as:(i) Approach roads(ii) Buildings for offices, quarters etc. (iii)Campus roads(iv) Electrification, water supply andother facilities.TECHNICAL FEATURESMasonary Dam:-Location Latitude 10- 58' - 36" North andLongitude 76 - 38'- 30" East.Catchment area 2.2.47 sq. Km. (8.77 sq.miles) .Bed Level at dam site 829.02 m. (2723 ft.)F.R.L. of the proposed reservoir 878.50 m.M.W.L. of the reservoir 881.50 m.Live storage capacity 18.41 M. nr s (650 M. eft.)Top level of dam 883.00 m.Width of road way over the damType of dam4.36 m. (14 ft.)Masonry straight gravityLength of dam at top 224.00 m. (734 ft.)Crest Level 878.50 m.Spillway discharge capacity 435 m /Sec. (15300 cusecs).Length of spillway49.40 m. *( 162.0 ft.)Pipe sluice to draw 5 cusecs of water for meeting riparian rights will be at suitable levelNote : Any change in the above will be effected only with the concurrence of bothGovernments.theSCHEDULE II (Clause XIII of the Agreement)CONSTITUTION, FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE JOINT CONTROL BOARD FOR THESIRUVANI DRINKING WATER SUPPLY PROJECTI. Constitution(1) The Joint Control Board (hereinafter referred to as "the Board") will be constituted with effect fromthe date of completion of the project.(2) The Board shall consist of :-1. The Chief Engineer, Projects, Kerala2. The Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering Department,Kerala3. The Chief Engineer, Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board4. The Chief Technical Officer in charge of the Coimbatore Drinking Water Supply Scheme, Tamil Nadu.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 198 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

(3) The Chief Engineer, Projects, Kerala and the Chief Engineer, Tamil Nadu Water Supplies andDrainage Board shall function as the Chairman of the Board every alternate year. The Chief Engineer,Projects, Kerala will be the first Chairman of the Board. He will hold office for one year from the date offormation of the Board. Thereafter, the Chief Engineer, 'Tamil Nadu, Water Supply and Drainage Boardand the Chief Engineer, Projects, Kerala will function as 'Chairman alternately each year.(4) The Governments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu shall respectively have the power to nominate any otherofficers in place of any of the officers mentioned above.II. Power and FunctionsThe Board shall be responsible for:(a) the proper regulation of the supply of water from the Project to the Coimbatore Municipal town andthe neighbouring areas for drinking water supply purposes in accordance with clause XIII of theagreement:-(b) the proper operation of the outlet sluices to meet the requirements of the water supply scheme fromtime to time as decided by the Board.(c) the measurement of the quantity of water released daily for the water supply scheme; and(d) any other matter incidental to the above as may be referred to the Board by the two Governments.III. Meeting of the BoardThe Board shall meet each year as often as possible and decide on a judicious management of waters inaccordance with the provisions of this agreement.IV. Communication of Decisions and their ImplementationIt shall be the duty of the Chairman to communicate the decisions of the Board to the Chief Engineersconcerned. The Chief Engineers concerned shall implement them without delay.V. Disagreement to be Reported to Government(a) If there is any disagreement between the members of the Board on any matter within the purviewof the Board, the Chairnan of the Board, shall report the matter to the Governments of Tamil Nadu andKerala at the earliest, and in any case within a week, with a detailed note explaining the facts of thecase, the view points expressed by the representatives of both the Governments and the points ofdisagreement. He shall also be at liberty to record his recommendations in the matter.(b) Upon receiving such a report, the two Governments shall as soon as may be, discuss the matterand arrive at a settlement.APPENDIXSd/-(RAJENDRAN)The Chief Ministers of Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Uhion Minister of Irrigation & Power helddiscussions on 10-5-1969 at Trivandrum regarding the Parambikulam Aliyar Project and other riverwaters questions of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.The following decisions were taken:I. Parambikulam Aliyar ProjectIt is agreed to proceed with the construction of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project with the followingmodifications to the earlier agreed decisions on the subject between Kerala and Tamil Nadu States:-(1) As Tekkadi dam will be omitted, water will be permitted to be drawn by Tamil Nadu from the Nirarriver as already agreed to earlier in 1958. The total quantum of water that will be drawn and utilised byTamil Nadu from the Parambikulam, Peravaripallam and Tunakadavu and proposed Nirar reservoirs willnot exceed 16.5 TMC. This is exclusive of water to be drawn from the Nirar Weir.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 199 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Peravariapallam and Tunakadavu dams will be constructed by Tamil Nadu and water will be used inParambikulam Aliyar system.(2) 2.5 TMC of water may be diverted by Tamil Nadu from Anamaliar for use in Parambikulam AliyarSystem. This, however, will be done after the construction of Edamalayar reservoir is completed byKerala Government. Kerala Government will undertake projects in the Periyar System with out furtherreference to Tamil Nadu.(3) (a) No joint gaugings of all the rivers concerning the Project have been done so far. As per theearlier decisions, the actual flows available in the rivers and the surplus that will be diverted to Keralaareas have to be ascertained by gauging to be done by both Tamil Nadu and Kerala States for a period of10 years. This joint gauging will be taken up immediately,(b) For water regulation, a Joint Board consisting of Chief Engineers in charge of Irrigation and arepresentative each of the Electricity Board of»both the States will be set up.(4) It had been agreed earlier in 1958 that excess over 16.5 TMC upto a maximum of 2.5 TMC may beused in Kerala. For this purpose, Kerala has requested a high level canal branching off from Sethumadaicanal or from Sirkarpathy power house. The cost of this canal in Tamil Nadu will be borne by KeralaGovernment. Waters in excess of 19 TMC, if any, will be let down into the Chalakudy basin, as agreed toearlier.(5) The quantum of 7.25 TMC agreed to earlier may be made available every year at the Kerala border.This is exclusive of the flood waters which cannot be used for irrigation. Fortnightly accounts of thewater will be reported by Tamil Nadu to Kerala.II. Bhavani basinKerala will utilise 2.5 TMCconstruction of Siruvani reservoir.III. Pambar basinof water in the Bhavani basin for irrigating Attapadi valley lands, after theKerala will utilise 0.6 TMC of water in Pambar valley to irrigate lands in Kerala.IV. Coimbatore Water SupplyA reservoir of suitable capacity will be constructed on the Siruvani river to enable reliable drinking watersupply of 1.3 TMC to Coimbatore. The cost of the Siruvani dam project in Kerala limits will be borne bythe Tamil Nadu Government. The construction of the Siruvani dam will be done by Kerala Governmentaccording to the designs and specifications of Tamil Nadu Government and as approved by Kerala. Theoperation of the reservoir for supplying drinking water will be done by a Joint Board of Engineers of boththe States.V. Commencment of workTamil Nadu and Kerala Governments may proceed with the construction of the projects after the detailsin regard to Parambikulam Aliyar and Siruvani projects in terms of the agreed decisions taken at thepresent meeting, are worked out in a month's time.VI. Kabini and allied matters.The question of Kabini and allied matters will be further discussed between Kerala and Tamil Nadu.Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-CHIEF MINISTER CHIEF MINISTER UNION MINISTER FORKERALA TAMIL NADU IRRIGATION & POWER‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 200 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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kkhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Vd; fl;llq;fis ,bf;f Ntz;Lk;> mg;gbNa %o;fbj;jhy; vd;d vd;W ehd; tprhhpj;jNghJfpilj;j tpil vd;id tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpaJ. me;j ePu;j;Njf;fk; 200 iky; ePsKs;sJ. mjpy; fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;Fk;jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fl;llq;fis mg;gbNa tpl;L tpl;lhy;> ePh;kl;lk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy;> mit fg;gy;Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F jilahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w fhuzj;jhy; ,bf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mq;nfy;yhk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;Fkhw;W ,lq;fs; xJf;fTk; kWtho;T mspf;fTk; rPd muR Vw;ghL nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.rPdh ek;iktpl kf;fl;njhif ngUfpa ehL. ek;ik tpl Ntfkhf Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lr;nray;ghl;bidghh;f;Fk;NghJ mth;fsJ Ntfkhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F fhuzk; GhpfpwJ. mq;Fk; ePjpkd;wq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.mitnay;yhk; jil cj;juTfs; NghLtjpy;iy NghYk;.nrd;idf; FbePUf;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l njYq;F fq;if jpl;lk; ,d;Dk; KOtJkhfg; gad;glhky; ,Ug;gjw;Ff;fhuzk; epy Mh;[pjj; jfuhWjhd; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. gy E}W Nfhbfs; gzk; nrytopf;fg;gl;L gy E}W iky;fs;ePsj;Jf;F fhy;tha;fs; ntl;b Kbj;j gpwF xU rpy iky;fs; ntl;lg;glhky; ,Ug;gjhy; jpl;lk; Klq;fpf; fplf;fpwJ.,ijg;gw;wp ve;j muRk; ve;j ePjpkd;wKk; ftiyg;gLtjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.,e;j epiy khwNtz;Lk;. nrhe;j eyid tpl ehl;L eyd; Kf;fpak; vd;w czh;r;rp> nghJkf;fSf;Fk;muRfSf;Fk;> ePjpkd;wq;fSf;Fk; cz;lhf Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; nghJeyj; jpl;lq;fis Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy;epiwNtw;w KbAk;. ,e;jpa ejpfs; ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpy;> ,jid epiwNtw;w cz;lhf;fg;gLk; thhpaq;fspy;> rpwg;GePjpgjpfs; epakpf;fg;gl;L> re;ij tpiyf;F Nkyhfj; njhif nfhLj;J epy Mh;[pj tof;Ffs; clDf;Fld; jPh;j;Jitf;fg;gLtjw;F Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.5. mjpf ePh;j;Njf;fj;jhy; ghrd epyq;fspy; cg;G gbe;J mtw;wpd; jd;ik nfl;LtpLk;xt;nthU ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpYk; chpa tbfhy; trjpfSk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. vq;Fk; mjpfkhf jz;zPh; Njq;fpepw;gjw;F mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. Njq;fp epd;why; epyj;jpd; jd;ik nfl;LtpLk; vd;gJ vy;yhg; ghrdg;nghwpahsh;fSf;Fk; njhpAk;. ,Ue;Jk; tbfhy; ghijapy; ahuhtJ Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;J nfhz;L ,ilA+W nra;jhy;mJ clNd ePf;fg;gl;L tbfhy; trjp nray;gLk;gb nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gbr; nra;jhy; cghp ePh;j; Njq;fhJ. epyj;jpd;jd;ik nflhJ.khw;Wj;jpl;lk; vd;d?,e;j khngUk; jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkw;$wpa jilfis vy;yhk; nrhy;yp ,J eilKiwg;gLj;j Kbahj jpl;lk; vd;W$Wgth;fs;> ,jw;F khw;Wj;jpl;lk; vd;d itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;? ,e;jpahtpd; [dj;njhif ngUfpf;nfhz;NlNghfpwJ. ,g;NghJ (2002) E}W Nfhbahf ,Uf;Fk; [dj;njhif 2025Mk; mz;L 150 Nfhb MFk; vd;Wvjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW ngUfpa [dj;njhiff;F czTk; jz;zPUk; kpd;rhuKk; mspg;gjw;fhfj;jhd;,j;jpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.,g;nghpa jpl;lk; Ntz;lhk; vd;gth;fs; rpW rpW jpl;lq;fshf nra;ayhk; vd;W MNyhrid $Wfpd;wdh;. mJVw;nfdNt nra;aggl;Ljhd; tUfpwJ. mjdhy; vy;yhk; ngUk; gad; Vw;glhJ.cghpj; jz;zPh; cs;s ejpg;gLiffspypUe;J gw;whf;Fiwahf cs;s ejpg;gLiffSf;Fj; jz;zPh; nfhz;LtUtJjhd; ,e;jpa ejpePh; ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;.,e;jpahtpy; fq;if> gpuk;kGj;jpuh> kfhejp> Nfhjhthp Mfpa ejpfspy;jhd; cghp ePh; ,Uf;fpwJ. kw;w vy;yh ejpfSk;gw;whf;Fiw ejpfs;jhd;. ,jid Njrpa ePh;ts Nkk;ghl;L epWtdk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ. mjhtJ 2025Mk; Mz;Ltiu me;je;j ejpg;gLiffspy; vd;ndd;d jpl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;s jpl;lkplg;gl;bUf;fpwNjh mitnay;yhk;epiwNtw;wg;gl;l gpwF vt;tsT cghpePh; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;L> mjpy; xU gFjpiaj;jhd; jpUg;gptpl jpl;lk;jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpW rpW jpl;lq;fshy; ekJ Njitiag; G+h;j;jp nra;J tplyhk; vd;W $Wfpwth;fs; ,jidMNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.kioePh; mWtil vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jpy; XusT jz;zPh; Nrkpf;fyhk; vd;gJ cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; ePz;l fhymbg;gilapy; Vw;gLk; NjitfSf;F ,J 000 Vhpfis nrg;gdpl;L> mtw;wpd;tuj;Jf; fhy;tha;fis vy;yhk; gOJghh;j;J> Mf;fpukpg;Gfis vy;yhk; mfw;wp> xOq;F nra;jhy; XusT jz;zPiuNrfhpf;fyhk;. ,jw;fhd jpl;lq;fSk; jkpo;ehL murplk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.2025Mk; Mz;Lj; Njitf;F ehk; ,g;NghNj jpl;lkpl;L ,e;jpa ejpfs; ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpid nray;gLj;jj;njhlq;fpdhy;jhd; 2025 Mz;by; ,J G+uz gydspf;fj; jahuhFk;. ,d;Dk; Nahrpj;Jf; nfhz;Lcl;fhh;e;jpUe;Njhkhdhy; mLj;j re;jjpapdu; ek;ikg; gopg;ghh;fs;. mth;fisf; fhg;ghw;w ,g;NghNj nray;glNtz;Lk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 203 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Environmental Improvement by “BHAKRA NANGAL PROJECT” Bhakra Nangal Project is the largest multipurposeproject taken up in Free India. It is an InternationalProject carried out as a result of the Indus Water Treaty1960, between the Government of India and theGovernment of Pakistan for the utilisation of the watersof Ravi, Beas and Sutlej which are tributaries of the RiverIndus, one of the major rivers of the Indin Sub Continent.It was signed by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for India andField Marshal Mohammed Ayub Khan for Pakistan on 19 thSeptember 1960 at Karachi. Much has been written and spoken about thisProject, in favour of and against the outcome of thismarathon scheme. Now a wonderful comprehensive bookhas come out. “Bhakra Nangal Project, SocioEconomical Environmental Effects” written by Er.R.Rangachari, Former Member of the Central WaterCommission and the present Honorary ResearchProfessor at Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi. He isan old studnet of the Guindy Engineering College (1947-1951 Civil). Large dams initially conceived of as Temples ofModern India in the Nehruvin Era came under increasingcriticism in the later years due to social and ecologicalconcens. This book is an in-depth as compared with the objectives initially stated. It is refuted theindiscriminate criticism of half baked, ill informed environmentalists.The Project consists of a 740 ft high concrete dam across the river Sutlej at Bakra and a Barrageacross the same river, 13km downstream at Nangal. Canals take off from the Barrage to irrigate 3.2million. acres in the States of Punjab, Haryana and the desert areras of Rajasthan. Hydro PowerStations under the Project have a total installed capacity of 1480 MW. Such a huge project costedonly Rs.245 Crores, more than 50 years ago. The benefits would have repaid the cost many timesover in these years.It is a Temple to which every Engineer should undertake a pilgrimage at least once in his lifetime.India may never be able to build another project of this magnitude once again. India is progressingfast in many directions, hoping to become a leading country in the world. But in order to achieve suchgreat schemes of lasting benefits, we require far sighted Statemen, who have the prosperity of thecountry as their only aim.Er.C.S.Kuppuraj,President, TANSEAJune-July 2007 Mootha Poriyaalar‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 204 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Mullai Periyar Dam causes no adverse impact on environmentExtracts of JudgementIN THE SUPREMENT COURT OF INDIACIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTIONWRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO.386 OF 2001Mullaiperiyar Environmental Protection Forum... PETITIONERVersusUnion of India & Ors... RESPONDENTS(With TC (C) Nos.56-59 and 96-99 of 2002)JUDGMENT6. Re : Whether the raising of water level of the reservoir from 136 ft. to 142 ft. would resultin jeopardizing the safety of the people and also degradation of environment?Opposing the increase of water level, the contention urged is that it would resultin a larger areacoming in submergence which is not permissible without complying with the mandatory provisions ofthe Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.Reliance has been placed on Section 26A of the Wild Life (Protection) Act whichstipulates that theboundaries of a sanctuary shall not be altered except on arecommendation of the NationalBoard constituted under Section 5-A of the Act. The total area of the sanctuary is about 777 squarekilometers. The leased area of about 8,000 acres is a part of the total area. By raising thewater level, the boundaries of the sanctuary do not get altered. The total area of the sanctuaryremains 777 squarekilometers. Further, Section 2(17) of the Act, which defines land includes canals,creeksand other water channels, reservoirs, rivers, streams and lakes, whether artificial ornatural,marshes and wetlands and also includes boulders and rocks. It cannot be saidthat forest or wildlifewould be affected by carrying out strengthening works and increase -15-of the water level. On thefacts and circumstances of the case, the strengthening work of existing dam in the forest cannot bedescribed as a non-forestry activity so as to attractSection 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980,requiring prior approval of Union of India. As already noticed, it was only in 1979 that the water level was brought down to136 ft from 152ft. The increase of water level will not affect the flora and fauna. Infact, the reports placed on recordshow that there will be improvement in theenvironment. It is on record that the fauna, particularly,elephant herds and the tigers willbe happier when the water level slowly rises to touch the forestline. In nature, all birdsand animals love water spread and exhibit their exuberant pleasure withheavy rainsfilling the reservoir resulting in lot of greenery and ecological environmentaround. TheExpert Committee has reported that it will be beneficial for the Wildlife in thesurroundingarea as it will increase the carrying capacity for wildlife like elephants,ungulates and in turntigers. The apprehension regarding adverse impact on environmentand ecology have been found bythe experts to be unfounded. We are also unable toaccept the contention that the impacton environments has not been examined. Reportdated 28th January, 2003 states that there is noadverse impact on the environment.Similarly, the report dated 21st April, 2003 is also to thesimilar effect. It, inter alia, states that :"The most productive habitats in terms of forage availabilityto ungulates and elephants arethese vayals. This habitat is of even greater significance to wildlife since the green flush of proteinrich grasses appears at a time when nutritive quality of forest forage is lowest. This is so since wateris likely to bereleased from the Dam during the dry months for irrigation. Thus,this nutrient richbiomass is critical for maintaining condition of herbivores and their populations during the pinchperiod.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 205 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Source : The Hindu, 28.12.2012‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 206 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013



ePh;epiyfisf; fhg;Nghk; - Gjpa ghrd Kiwfs; - khw;Wg; gaph;fs;- ntw;wp epfo;Tfs; ,jo;fs; gjpg;gpj;jit1. Ch; $baJ ePh; CwpaJ Fb jz;zPh; ,y;yhky; jtpj;j Xh; fpuhkj;jpd; jhfj;ijj; jPh;j;J> jd;dpiwT ngw itj;jpUf;fpwJ Xh; mikg;G.‘Ch;y Fbjz;zPh; fpilahJ... fhiyy> rhaq;fhyk;D njdk; nuz;L Kiw 4 iky; ele;Nj Nghap jz;zPh;vLj;Jl;L tuZk;. Cj;J Njhz;bl;L tpbapwtiu jz;zPh; CWwJf;fhf fhj;Jf; nflf;fZk;. vg;g nfhlk;epiwANjh mg;gjhd; tPl;Lf;F tu KbAk;. rpd;dg; gps;isq;fSk; mJf gq;Ff;F rpd;df; FLj;j J}f;fpl;LtUk;q;f. Mdh> ,g;Ngh vq;f Ch;yNa Fbjz;zPh; Cuzp ,Uf;F. gy tU\kh jz;zPUf;fhf Ch; Cuh miyQ;repiyik khwp> ,g;Ngh gf;fj;J Ch;f;fhuq;f vq;f Ch; Cuzpapy jz;zPh; vLj;Jl;Lg; Nghwhf” vd;W nrhy;fpwru];tjpaplk; re;Njh\g; ngUik nghq;FfpwJ.K.flk;gd;Fsk; - ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; flyhb A+dpaidr; Nrh;e;j rpwpa fpuhkk;. Rkhh; 80 Vf;fh; tptrha epyk;nfhz;l ,e;jf; fpuhkj;ij FbePh;g; gQ;rk; fLikahf thl;baJ. md;whl cgNahfj;jpw;Ff; $l jz;zPh; ,y;yhky;jtpj;jdh; kf;fs. Rj;jkhd FbePh; vd;gJ ngausTf;Ff; $l ,y;iy. fz;khapy; cs;s ePiu vLj;J> mg;gbNaFbePuhfg; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;. xU fl;lj;jpw;F Nky; jhf;Fg; gpbf;f Kbahky; jQ;ir kz;zpw;F gQ;rk;gpiof;f nry;y Muk;gpj;jdh;.Fbf;f FbePUk; ,d;wp> tptrhaj;jpw;F kio ePiu Nrfhpf;fTk; top ,y;yhky; ifaW epiyapy; ,Ue;j flk;gd;Fsk;kf;fs;> fKjp gFjpapy; fz;kha;fs; rPuikg;gpy; ,Ue;j jhdk; mwf;fl;lisapdiu mZfpdhh;fs;. mg;Gwk; vd;dele;jJ?‘uhrh fhyj;Jy ntl;bf; nfhLj;j fz;kha; xz;Z CUy ,Ue;jjh nrhy;Ythq;f. Mdh> vdf;F epidT njhpQ;rehs;y ,Ue;J fz;kha; ,Ue;j ,lj;Jy Ks;fhLjhd; ,Uf;F. filrpah fhkuhrh; fhyj;Jy me;jf; fz;kha;J}h;thUdjh nrhy;Ythq;f.me;j Neuj;Jyjhd; jhdk; mwf;fl;lisa mZFk;NghJ vq;f CUf;F te;J> Cuzp ntl;bj;jUtjh nrhd;dhq;f.MFw nryTy ehd;fpy; xU gq;F> vq;f Ch; kf;fs; nfhLf;fZk;D nrhd;dhq;f. Mdh> mg;Nghija #o;epiyapy;vq;fshy mt;tsT njhif nfhLf;f Kbay. Ch;$b KbT gz;zp> vq;f gq;if cy; ciog;ghy nfhLf;fpwjhxj;Jf;fpl;Nlhk;. mjhtJ. xt;nthU FLk;gKk; xU Fop vLj;J fz;khia J}h;th Muk;gpr;Nrhk;. 1>10>000 &gha;nryT vq;f fz;khia kPl;nlLj;Njh;. 2009k; Mz;L 4yl;r &gha; nryTy fz;khia ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rk;Mog;gLj;jpNdhk;. Nghh;nty; Nghl;bUf;Nfhk;. mjpy fpilf;fpw jz;zPiu tr;R kpsfha; gaph; nra;ANwhk;.,jdhy> tptrhak; tsh;e;jJ kl;Lkpy;yhk fz;khapy; kPd; tsh;f;fTk; njhlq;fpNdhk;. ,g;Ngh xt;nthU tUrKk;kPd; tsh;g;gpdhy; 50>000 &gha; yhgk; fpilf;FJ. mLj;j tUlk; fpilf;Fk; yhgj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J Ntw xUCh;g;gzpiar; nra;Nthk;” G+hpg;NghL tpthpj;jhh; tptrhap Nrhiz Kj;J.Kjypy; Ch;f; fz;khia jhdk; mwf;fl;lisAld; ,ize;J rPuike;j flk;gd; Fsk; kf;fs;> jq;fSila mLj;jKf;fpaj; Njitahd FbePUf;fhf Cuzp xd;iw mikf;fTk; KbT nra;jdh;. 2006k; Mz;L kPz;Lk; jhdk;mwf;fl;lis kw;Wk; eghh;l; epWtdk; cjtpNahL FbePh; Cuzp ntl;lg;gl;lJ.njhlh;fpw NrhizKj;J ‘fhy;eilfs; Cuzpf;Fs;s tuhk ,Uf;f Rj;jp> Ntyp Nghl;LUf;Nfhk;. tUrj;Jf;F xUKiw Ch;y cs;s kf;fs; vy;yhk; $b> Cuzpia Rj;jp ,Uf;fpa nrb> nfhbfis mfw;wp rhpg;gLj;JNthk;. ahUk;nrUg;G Nghl;L cs;Ns tuf;$lhJ vd;gJ Ch;f;fl;Lg;ghL. fhiyy 3 kzp Neuk;> rhae;jpuk; 3 kzp Neuk; fjitj;jpwg;Nghk;. me;j Neuj;Jy kl;Lk;jhd; jz;zPh; vLf;fZk;. gf;fj;J Ch;f;fhuq;fSk; jz;zPh; vLf;f tUthq;f. gytUk; eilah ele;J jz;zPh; Rke;j vq;f fpuhkg; nghk;gisq;f ,g;gjhd; c];... mg;ghlhd;D ,Uf;fhq;f”vd;fpwhh;.‘1997k; Mz;L KJFsj;J}iu ikakhff; nfhz;L njhlq;fg;gl;l tayfk; jpl;lk; %yk; jw;NghJ tiuflk;gd;Fsk; kl;Lkpy;yhky; KJFsj;J}h;> fKjp gFjpfisr; Rw;wpAs;s Rkhh; 164 fpuhkq;fspy; 164 ePh;epiyfisr;rPuikj;Jk;> Gjpjhf fl;bf; nfhLj;Jk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. fz;kha;fisr; rPuikf;f kf;fSF;F vz;zkpUe;jhYk;>mjpfhhpfis mZf xUtpj jaf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ij khw;w ehq;fNs fpuhk kf;fis Njbr; nrd;W fz;kha;>Cuzp Nghd;w ePh;epiyfisf; fl;likj;J kf;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ijf; fhf;Fk; gzpfisr; nra;fpNwhk;.flk;gd;Fsk; kf;fspd; eph;thfj;jpy; me;j Ch; Cuzp> fz;kha; rpwg;ghfg; guhkhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Jjhd; ehq;fs;vjph;ghh;j;jJ” vd;fpwhh;> jhdk; mwf;fl;lisapd; %j;j jpl;l mYtyh; nts;isag;gd;.ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw 07 khh;r; 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 209 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

2. ePHepiyfisf; fhg;Nghk;fz;zPH vjw;F? jz;zPH ,Uf;F‚rNthpahHgl;bdk; fpuhk tptrhapfs; “gz;izf; Fl;ilfs;”vd;w khw;Wtopahy; kio ngha;j;jhYk; Mz;L NjhWk;yhgfukhf tptrhak; nra;JtUfpd;wdH.,e;j tUlk; gUt kio ngha;j;Jg;Nghdjhy; tptrhapfspd;tho;fif Nfs;tpf;Fwpahfp epw;fpwJ. mjpYk; kioia kl;Lk;ek;gp tptrhak; nra;Ak; khdhthhp tptrhapfspd; fjp ,d;Dk;Nkhrk;.Khdhthhp epyq;fs; mjpfKs;s gFjpfspy; kio ngha;f;Fk; NghNjy;yhk; gapHfs; fUFtJk;> fUfpa gapHfisg;ghHj;J tptrhapfs; uj;jf; fz;zPh; tbg;gJk; tof;fk;. Mdhy; ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ijr; NrHe;j rNthpahHgl;bdk;vd;w fpuhkj;J tptrhapfs; “gz;izf; Fl;ilfs;” (FARM POND) vd;w Gjpa khw;Wtopahy; kio ngha;j;jhYk;Mz;L NjhWk; yhgfykhf tptrhak; nra;JtUfpd;wdH.gz;izf;Fl;ilfs; ,uz;lhk;ju ePHj;Njf;fk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. jd; epyj;jpy; tpOk; ePiu tptrhapNagz;izf;Fl;il %yk; jd; epyj;jpw;Fs;NsNa Njf;fpitf;f KbAk;. jw;NghJ fpuhkq;fspy; fz;kha;fs; ,Ue;jhYk;ePHtuj;Jf; fhy;tha;fs; ngUk;ghyhdit Mf;fpukpg;GfshYk;> guhkhpg;gpd;wpAk; Nrjkile;Js;sd. ,tw;wpd; %yk;khdhthhp tptrhapfSf;F gz;izf;Fl;ilfs; xU rpwe;j khw;W.tof;fkhf khdhthhp epyq;fspy; kio nga;jTld; tptrhak; njhlq;fptpLk;. gapH Xustpw;F tsHe;J> mWtilf;FjahuhFk; filrp Neuj;jpy; kio ngha;j;J> gapUf;Fg; gha;r;r ePhpd;wp gapHfs; fUFk; mtyk; epfOk;. Mdhy;gz;izf;Fl;ilfs; mikf;fg;gl;l epyj;jpy; gapHfs; fUFk; epiy Vw;glhJ. epyj;jpd; xU %iyapy; ntl;lg;gLk;nrt;tf;Fop Nghd;w mikg;G nfhz;l gz;izf;Fl;ilfs; Kjy; kio nga;jJk; epuk;gptpLk;. gpd;dH kionga;ahky; jz;zPHg; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; fhyj;jpy; gz;izf;Fl;ilfspy; cs;s ePh;> gapHf;F mspf;fg;gl;L KOtpisr;ry; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.,uz;liy Vf;fH epyj;jpy; RkhH 1>000 Kjy; 1>500 fd kPl;lH ePH Njq;f 30 kPl;lH ePsk;> 30 kPl;lH mfyk;> 1.5 kPl;lh;Mok; nfhz;l gz;izf;Fl;il mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. Moj;ij Njitf;Nfw;g mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.gz;izf;Fl;il epyj;jpy; ve;jg; gFjp jho;thf cs;sJ vdf; fz;lwpag;ggl;L> mq;F ntl;lg;gLfpwJ. xUgz;izf;Fl;il mikf;f> jw;Nghija #oypy; xU fd kPl;lUf;F 35 Kjy; 38 &gha; tiu nry;thfpwJ. ePHMtpahfhky; ,Uf;f> nrt;tf tbtpy; mikf;fg;gLk; gz;izf;Fl;ilfis 4 Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiwguhkhpj;jhy; NghJk;.,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; flyhbapypUe;J RkhH 14 fp.kPl;lh; njhiytpy; mike;Js;s rNthpahHgl;bdk; fpuhkj;jpy;RkhH 250 FLk;gq;fs; trpf;fpd;wd. ,e;jf; fpuhkj;jpd; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s gz;izf;Fl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;if 360.jhdk; mwf;fl;lisapd; topfhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; epjp cjtpAld; 2000k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;l ,e;j Kaw;rp> jw;NghJmf;fpuhk kf;fspd; nghUshjhuj;ij ntFthf Kd;Ndw;wpAs;sJ. “jhdk; mwf;fl;lisapdHgz;izf;Fl;ilfspd; mtrpak; Fwpj;J vLj;Jf; $Wk;NghJ fpuhk kf;fs; ahUk; cld;gltpy;iy. epyk; tPzhFk;>kz; ms;s KbahJ vd KWj;jhHfs;. Kjy; Mshf ehd; Kd;te;J> vd; epyj;jpy; 2002k; Mz;L eghHL kw;Wk;jhdk; mwf;fl;lisapd; epjp cjtpld; ehDk; rpwpJ gzk; Nghl;L> gz;izf;Fl;il mikj;Njd;. Rhpahf me;jMz;L gUt kio ngha;j;jhy; kw;w tptrhapfspd; epyj;jpy; ePHg; gw;whf;Fiwahy; gapHfs; fUfpd. Mdhy;gz;izf;Fl;ilfspd; cjtpahy; ehd; ey;y tpisr;ry; vLj;Njd;” vd kfpo;r;rpAld; $wpdhH> rNthpahHgl;bdk;fpuhk tptrhapahd #ir khzpf;fk;. ,f;fpuhk kf;fs; gz;iz;fFl;ilfs; mikj;j gpwF Vf;fUf;F 30>000 &gha; tiu epfu tUkhdk; gUj;jp Nghd;wtw;iwgaphpl;Lf;F nfhs;fpd;wdH. “nkhj;jj;jpy; gz;izf;Fl;ilfs; xU Fl;bg; nghUshjhu kz;lyk;” vd;fpwhH> jhdk;mwf;fl;lisapd; KJFsj;J}h; gFjp %j;j jpl;l epHthfp nts;isag;gd;.jhdk; mikg;gpdhpd; njhlHG vd;: 0452-2601673ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw> 14> gpg;utup 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 210 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

3. jz;zPh; gpur;ridfSf;F jQ;ir gh];fud; fhl;Lk; top‚‘Mw;Wg; ngUf;fw;W mbRLk; me;ehSk; Cw;wy; ngUf;fhy; cy$l;Lk;”vd;W ekf;F ngUik je;jJ ekJ ,yf;fpaq;fs;. Mdhy; ,d;W mb RLk; msTf;Fkzy;kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; NghJk; mij flj;jp te;J gzk; rk;ghjpf;f KbAk; vd;Wfq;fzk; fl;b t#y; Ntl;il elf;fpd;w #oypy; tUtha;f;F top vd;djkpo;ehl;by; 3 kpy;ypad; fd kPl;lUf;F Nky; ePhpid Njf;fp itf;ff;$ba 116 Vhpfs;>25 mizfs;> gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd Fsq;fs; cs;sJ. Nkw;fz;l mizfs;> Vhpfs;>Fsq;fs; gy Mz;Lfhytkhf rhpahd Kiwapy; J}h;thug;glhky; cs;sJ. Nkw; fz;lePh;g;gpbg;ig Mog;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; kiof;fhyq;fspy; fpilf;ff;$ba ePhpidf;nfhz;L ek;Kila ePh; Njitia epiwT nra;ayhk;.cjhuzkhf tPuhzk; Vhp 18153 n`f;Nlh; epyg;gug;G cilaJ. mjd; ePh; nfhs;ssT27.8 kpy;ypad; fdkPl;lh;. Mdhy; nrd;idia xl;bAs;s nrk;guk;ghf;fk; Vhp 5269vf;Nlh;. mjd; ePh; nfhs;ssT 88.3 fd kPl;lh;. 300kpy;ypad; ePh; jhd; Njf;fp itf;fpNwhk;. 10 klq;Ff;F mjpfkhdePhpid Vhpia Mog;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Nrkpj;J gad;gLj;jyhk;.kzy; nfhs;is Mw;wpy; kzy; mjpfkhf ms;Stjhy; ePh;tsk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. fl;bl NtiyfSf;F kl;Lk;Mw;W kziy vLf;fyhk;. Mdhy; kidfis Nklhf;Ftjw;F ngUk;ghYk; Mw;W kzy; ms;sg;gLfpwJ.,jid jLf;f muNr Vhpfis Mog;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; kziy tpw;gid nra;ayhk;. ,jdhy; muRf;FtUkhdKk; fpilf;Fk;.Vhpfspd; fiufis tYg;gLj;jp fiufis mfyg;gLj;jp> cah;j;jpdhy; kiof; fhyq;fspy; Vhpfs; cilahky;ePhpid Njf;fp itf;f KbAk;. Vhpapd; fiufs; tYthf;Ftjw;F Vhpd; cl;Gw ntspg;Gu fiufspy; gyd; jUk;kuq;fis tsh;f;fyhk;. mjpfg;gbahd kuq;fs; tsh;f;fg; gLk;NghJ kuq;fspdhy; fpilf;ff;$ba midj;Jgyd;fSk; ekf;F fpilf;Fk;.ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; mjpfg;gbahd ePhpid mjpf fhyk; Nrkpf;Fk;NghJ epyj;jbePh; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. kPd;tsk; ngUFk;.cjhuzkhf flY}h; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ngUkhs; Vhp 2630 n`f;Nlh; epyg;gug;G cilaJ. ,jd; ePh; nfhs;ssT18.03 kpy;ypad fdkPl;lh;. ghrd ePh;Nghf Fiwe;j msT 1000 n`f;Nlh; Rkhh; 2500 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; ePh; Njq;fp,Uf;Fk;. 1 Vf;fhpy; Fiwe;j msT 1ld; kPd; gpbg;G fpilf;Fk;. tUlj;jpy; rhpahd kPd; tsh;g;G nra;tjd; %yk;ngUkhs; Vhpapy; kl;Lk; 2500 ld; kPd;fs;fpilf;Fk;.jkpo;ehl;L kf;fs; ed;dPh; tsh;g;G kPd;fshdnfz;il kPd;fis tpUk;gp rhg;gpLthh;fs;.mjpf Gurj;J nfhz;l nfhz;ilkPd;fs;jw;NghJ Me;jpuhtpypUe;J jkpo;ehl;bw;Fmjpfkhf tUfpwJ. jkpo; ehl;bYs;s VhpfisMog;gLj;jp ePhpid mjpfkhf Nrkpj;JkPd;tsh;g;G nra;Njhkhdhy; mjpfkhd kPd;fs;cw;gj;jp nra;tjd;%yk; jw;NghJ rj;Jztpy;Kl;ilfs; toq;FtJ Nghy; khzth;fSf;Frj;Jztpy; kPd;fSk; toq;f KbAk;.jw;NghJ cs;s nghpa Vhpfis Mog;gLj;Jtjd;%yk; 1. epyj;jbePh; ghJfhj;jy;> 2. FbePH;g;gpur;rpid> 3. ghrd ePh; mjpfhpg;G> 4. tptrha cw;gj;jp mjpfhpg;G> 5. kPd;tsk; mjpfhpj;jy;> 6. kuq;fs; %yk;fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs;> 7. kzy; Njitia epth;j;jp nra;jy;> 8. Rw;Wyh tsh;r;rp> 9. gyd;fs; cldbahf ehk;ngwKbAk;> tptrhak; nropj;J> tptrhapfs; kfpo;Tw;whNy ehNl gRik ngWk;. MfNt Vhpia KOikahfJ}h;thUtjd; %yk; Nkw;fz;l 9 gyd; gSk; ehk; ngw KbAk;.ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> [dthp 2013.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 211 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

4. $bg; gaph; nra;Nthk; Vio kw;Wk; tpjit tptrhaf; $ypg; ngz;fs;- jkpofj;jpy; ,aq;fptUk; mikg;G fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; cs;s Vio tptrhag; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; tpjitfSf;F tptrhak; nra;a cjtp nra;JCf;fKk; mspj;J tUfpwJ. jkpofj;jpy; cs;s kfsph; $l;likg;G (Tamilnadu Woments’ CollectiveNetwork). ,e;j mikg;gpd; gzpiag; gw;wp tpthpf;fpd;wdh;> ,e;j mikg;gpd; gpujpepjpfs;. ‘tptrhaj;jpy; rhFgb nryT mjpfhpj;Js;sjhy;> tUtha; kpfTk; Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,jdhy;> gytptrhapfs; khw;Wj; njhopYf;Fr; nry;fpd;wdh;. mth;fspd; epyk; gaphplg;glhky; jhpR epykhf,Uf;fpd;wd. kWGwk; tpisepyq;fs; tPLfshf khwp tUfpd;wd. ,jdhy;> vjph;fhyj;jpy; czTj;jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. mJNghf ,Uf;fpd;w rpy tptrhapfSk; urhad cuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgahpl;L tUtjhy; kz; tsKk;> mij cl;nfhs;Sk; kf;fspd; cly;eyKk; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shfpd;wd. ,jpy;nghpJk; ghjpg;giltJ tptrhaf; $ypfNs. mjdhy;> mth;fs; gpw ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W> fpilf;Fk;Ntiyiar; nra;a Ntz;ba #oYf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpYk; epykpy;yhj Vio kw;Wk; tpjit $yp tptrhag; ngz;fspd; epiy rw;W NkhrkhdjhfNtcs;sJ. mg;ngz;fs; tWikapdhy; tptrhaj; njhopiy tpl;L NtW njhopYf;fhf fpuhkq;fis tpl;Lefuq;fSf;F nry;tij jLg;gjw;fhfTk;> mth;fNs nrhe;jkhf tptrhak; nra;J mth;fs; tho;tpy;Nkk;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;NjhLk; mg;ngz;fis xUq;fpizj;J ,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; gaphpLk;tifapy; ,e;jg; ngz;fs; tptrhaf; $l;likg;ig (Women’s Collective Farming Group)cUthf;fpNdhk;..” vd;fpwhh;> jkpo;ehL kfsph; $l;likg;gpd; jiytp \PY. ‘jw;NghJ jkpofj;jpYs;s J}j;Jf;Fb> tpUJefh;> kJiu> Nryk;> jpUtz;zhkiy> NtY}H;> fhQ;rpGuk;>jpUts;@h; Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;jf; $l;likg;G nray;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,jpy; tptrhak; nra;aMh;tKs;s epykw;w Vio kw;Wk; tpjitg; ngz;fis khtl;l thhpahf vq;fs; mikg;gpd; %yk;fz;lwpe;J> mth;fis xU FOthf khw;wp nrhe;jkhf tptrhak; nra;a cjTfpNwhk;. ,e;j8 khtl;lq;fspYs;s 13 fpuhkq;fspy;> 13 kfsph; FOf;fis cUthf;fpAs;Nshk;. mjpy; Rkhh;200 ngz;fs; gadile;J tUfpd;wdh;” vd;fpwhh;> ,e;j mikg;gpd; nrayhsh; nghd;Dj;jhap. NkYk; njhlh;e;j mth;> ‘xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpYk; cs;s ,e;jf; FOf;fs; tptrhak; nra;tjw;Fj;Njitahd tpis epyq;fis %d;W Mz;Lfsf;F ehq;fNs Fj;jiff;F vLj;J> mjpy; mth;fs;,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; rpWjhdpaq;fis gaphpLtjw;fhd gapw;rpfisak; mspj;J tUfpNwhk;.mth;fSf;F Muk;gf;fl;l KjyPlhf xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gj;jhapuk; &ghia vq;fs; mikg;gpd; %yk;toq;fp tptrhak; nra;a cjTfpNwhk;..” vd;fpwhh;. ,e;jf; FOtpd; %yk; fk;G> jpiz> epyf;fliy> cSe;J> Nrhsk;> Nfo;tuF Nghd;wtw;iw ehq;fs;gaphpl;Ls;Nshk;. NkYk; [Ptkph;jk;> fd[Ptkph;jk; Nghd;w ,aw;if cuq;fis ehq;fNs jahhpj;J>gaph;fSf;F cukhf nrYj;jp tUfpNwhk;. ,e;j cuq;fis jahh; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahdtw;iw> vq;fs;fpuhkj;jpy; fwitkhL itj;Js;sth;fs; je;J cjTfpd;wdh;. ehq;fs; gaphpLtjpy; fpilf;fg;ngWk;tpisr;rypy; ehd;fpy; xU gq;if epyj;jpd; chpikahsUk;> kPjKs;stw;iw vq;fs; FOtpy; cs;scWg;gpdh;fs; midtUk; rhprkkhfg; gphpj;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. Mdhy;> ,dp tUq;fhyj;jpy;ehq;fs; tpistpf;Fk; gaph;fis tpw;gid nra;aj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;. ,jd; %yk; vq;fisg; Nghd;wViog; ngz; tptrhaf; $ypfSf;F rKjhaj;jpy; Xh; mq;fPfhuk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. NkYk; tWikapy; thbte;j vq;fs; FLk;gq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd czTfs; jw;NghJ ehq;fs; gaphpLtjd; %yNk jilapd;wpfpilfpd;wd. jkpof muR $l;Lg;gz;izaj;jpy; kw;w ngz;fSf;F xU Kd;Djhuzkhf ,Ug;Nghk;...”vd;fpwhh;> kpd;dy; fpuhkk;> muf;Nfhzk; tl;lj;jpYs;s Nuh[h ngz;fs; $l;L tptrhaf; FOtpd; jpl;lxUq;fpizg;ghsh; Nkhp.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 212 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

5. tptrhapfspd; tho;f;ifia khw;Wk; njspg;G ePh; ghrdk;‚tptrhaj;ij tpl;L ntspNawp tUgth;fis kPz;Lk;tptrhaj;Jf;F mioj;JtUk; tifapy; njspg;GePh;ghrdk; ,Ug;gjhf tptrhapfs; njhptpj;jdh;. fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; ghyhW> nra;ahW> Ntftjpcs;spl;l MWfs; xU fhyj;jpy; tw;whj [Ptejpahfjpfo;e;jd. ,jpy; nra;ahW> Ntftjp cs;spl;l MWfs;ghyhw;wpy; fye;J khtl;lk; KOtJk; ghrdj;ijgyg;gLj;jpaJ. xU fhyj;jpy; fhtphp nly;lhkhtl;lq;fSf;F mLj;j ,lj;jpy; ney; cw;gj;jpapy;fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ. Mw;wpy; ePh;Nghf;F jilgl;ljhy;> epyj;jb ePUk;mjyghjhsj;Jf;Fr; nrd;wJ. ,jdhy; fpzw;W ghrdKk; Nfs;tpf;FwpahdJ. ,jpy; kpd;ntl;L gpur;ridAk;tptrhapfis kpFe;j ftiyapy; Mo;j;jpaJ. ,jdhy; ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; tptrhaj;ij tpl;L>tpisepyq;fisAk; tpw;gid nra;Jtpl;L fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; ehs;NjhWk; GjpJ Gjpjhf Kisj;JtUk;gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSf;F mbikahfp tUfpd;wdh;.Ez;zPh; ghrdk; : ,e;j epiyik ehL KOtJk; ,Ug;gjhf eghh;L cs;spl;l Ntshz; rhh;e;j epWtdq;fs; kj;jpamuRf;F Ma;T mwpf;iffis rkh;g;gpj;jd. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J KO khdpaj;jpy; Ez;zPh; ghrdq;fshd nrhl;L ePh;kw;Wk; njspg;G ePh;ghrdj;jpl;lj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jJ.,ij me;je;j khepy muRfs; epiwNtw;Wk; vd;W mwptpj;jJ. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J fle;j Xuhz;Lf;F Nkyhf ,e;jEz;zPh; ghrdk; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nghpa mstpy; tptrhapfisr; nrd;wilatpy;iy. ,g;NghJ Ez;zPh;ghrdj;jpl;lj;ij KOtPr;rpy; nray;gLj;j jkpof muR cj;jutpl;lJ.,e;j epiyapy; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rkhh; 20 fp.kP. njhiytpy;; cs;s thyh[hghj; Cuhl;rp xd;wpag; gFjpahdGhpir fpuhkj;jpy; Ez;zPh; ghrdkhd njspg;G ePh; ghrdj;jpy; kw;wth;fSf;F Kd;cjhuzkhf jpfo;e;J tUfpwhh;.,th; njspg;G ePh; ghrdk; %yk; rk;gq;fp> Nuh[h> ky;ypif> fj;jhp> ntz;il cs;spl;l Njhl;lg; gaph;fis fle;jXuhz;Lf;Fk; Nkyhf gaphpl;L tUfpwhh;. ,jpy; jz;zPh; kpr;rg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;> ey;y kf#y; fpilg;gjhfTk;> ey;ytpiy fpilg;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jhh;.rhaj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> =ngUk;GJ}hpy; cs;s gd;dhl;L epWtdj;Jf;F Ntiyf;Fr; nrd;Wtplyhk; vd;W NtiyNjb te;Njd;. mg;NghJ Ez;zPh; ghrdk; Fwpj;J jfty; mwpe;Njd;. tptrhaj;Jiw mjpfhhpfsplk; ,JFwpj;J Nfl;Ljfty;fisg; ngw;Nwd;. mjpfhhpfSk; vdf;F KO xj;Jiog;G mspj;jdh;. G+f;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs; cs;spl;lNjhl;lg; gaph;fisj; Njh;e;njLj;Njd;.mjd;gb vdJ tpisepyj;ijg; ghh;j;j mjpfhhpfspd; KO khdpaj;jpy; njspg;G ePH; ghrd trjpia Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLj;jdh;. tha;f;fhy; ghrdj;jpd; %yk; 1 Vf;fUf;F gha;r;rg;gLk; ePiuf; nfhz;L njspg;G ePH; ghrdj;jpd; %yk; 6Vf;fh; tiu gha;r;r KbfpwJ. ,jdhy; jz;zPh; Nrkpg;G kpd;rhuk; Nrkpg;G gzk; Nrkpg;G Mfpad rhj;jpakhfpd;wd.gaphpLk; fha;fwpidr; nrd;id khk;gyk; fha;fwpr;re;ijapy; ,Ue;J Neubahf te;J ngw;Wr; nry;fpd;wdh;. ey;ytpiyAk; fpilf;fpwJ. NkYk; fhQ;rpGuk; kyh;fs; re;ijapy; ,Ue;J rk;gq;fp> ky;yp Mfpa G+f;fis ngw;Wr;nry;fpd;wdh;.,jd; %yk; njspg;GePh; ghrdk; vd; tho;f;if gazj;ijNa khw;wptpl;lJ vd;whh;. ,tiug; NghyNt mNjfpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j KUfNty;> rpWthf;fk; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j kNf\; MfpNahh; njspg;GePh; ghrdj;jpy;gadile;Js;sdh;.ed;wp : jpdkzp> nrd;id 14> gpg;uthp 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 213 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

6. jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb - tpisr;ry; je;j tpUJfs; jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiwapy; mjpf ney; tpistpj;J> kj;jpa> khepymuRfspd; tpUJisg; ngw;Ws;sdH ,uz;L jkpof tptrhapfs;. jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiwapy; ney; gaphpl;L> n`f;NlUf;F 18>143 fpNyhkf#y; ms;sps;shH> ney;iy khtl;lk; thRNjtey;Y}iur; NrHe;j ngz;tptrhap mkyhuhzp. ,jw;fhf kj;jpa Ntshz;ik mikr;rfk;> “fphp\p fHkhd;tpUJ” (Krishi Karman award) toq;fp mtiu nfsutpj;Js;sJ. uh\;bugjpgtdpy; ele;j tpohtpy; mkhyhuhzpf;F> [dhjpgjp gpuzhg; KfH[p xU yl;rk;&gha; nuhf;fg;ghpRk;> ghuhl;Lr; rhd;Wk; toq;fpdhH. ,NjNghy jpUe;jpa ney;rhFgbapy; mjpf kf#y; vLj;jjw;fhf kJiuiar; NrHe;j gp. Nrhiykiyf;F2011-12k; Mz;bw;fhd kj;jpa murpd;> “fphp\p fHkhd;” tpUijAk;> jkpofmurpd; Ntshz;ik rpwg;Gg; ghprhf 5 yl;rk; &ghAk; 3>500 &gha; kjpg;Gs;s jq;fnkliyAk; FbauR jpd tpohtpy; Kjy;tH n[ayypjh toq;fpdhH. mkyhuhzpiar; re;jpj;Njhk;. “ehd; Xh; Mq;fpy ,yf;fpag; gl;ljhhp. vdJfztH lhf;lH. kiy fNzrd;> nrhe;jkhf fpspdpf; elj;jp tUfpwhh;. vd;gbg;Gf;Fk;> FLk;g epiyf;Fk; tptrhak; rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhjJjhd;. vdpDk; vdJngw;Nwhh; tpl;Lr;nrd;w tpisepyq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tptrhak; nra;fpNwd;.mJTk; Nghf vdf;F tptrhaj;jpy; mjpf Mh;tKz;L. fUk;G> thio> njd;idMfpait gaphpl;bUe;jhYk;> ney; mjpfstpy; Mz;LNjhWk; gaphpLNtd;. 2Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G> ‘jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb” vd;w etPdKiw mwpKfkhfpaJ.,k;Kiwapy; ney; gaphpl;lhy;> tof;fkhd Kiwapy; fpilf;Fk; kf#iyf;fhl;bYk;> mjpf kf#y; fpilf;Fk; vd Ntshz; mjpfhhpfs; $wpdh;. mjd;gb 2Mz;Lfshf jpUe;jpa ney;rhFgb Kiwapy; ney; gaphpl;Nld;. nrhd;dJ NghyNt 25 rjtpfpjk;$Ljyhf kf#y; fpilj;jJ” vd;whh;. Nrhiykiyaplk; NgrpaJNghJ> ‘kJiuapypUe;J 17 fp.kP. njhiytpy; mike;Js;s mz;lkhd; fpuhkk;vdJ Ch;. Ntshz; mjpfhhpfs; vq;fs; fpuhkj;jpy; $l;lk; Nghl;L> ‘jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb” Fwpj;Jtpsf;fpdhh;fs;. vd;d re;Njfk; vOe;jhYk; Ntshz; Jiw mjpfhhpfis mZfp> re;Njfj;ij jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;Ntd;. vd;Dila Mh;tj;ijg; ghh;j;j tptrhaj;Jiw Jiz ,af;Feuhd fdfuh[; kw;Wk;Ntshz; mjpfhhpfs; vdf;Fj; Njitahd midj;J cjtpfisAk; nra;jhh;fs;. rhjhuz Kiwapy; xUVf;fhpy; 3>800 fpNyh ney; tpisAk;. ehd; 8>272 fpNyh vLj;Js;Nsd;. Nfhil fhyj;jpYk; ePh; ,Ug;G Fiwthd FWit fhyj;jpYk; ,e;j Kiw gaDs;sJ. tof;fkhd rhFgbKiw ehw;wq;fhYf;Fg; gjpy;> jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiw ehw;wq;fhiy Vw;gLj;jpdhy;> 47 rjtpfpjmstpw;F Nrkpg;G Vw;gLk;. Fiwe;j msNt jz;zPh; fpilf;ff; $ba rw;W twz;l gUt fhyj;jpy; ,e;j Kiw kpfTk; Vw;wJ.tlfpof;Fg; gUt kio fhuzkhf mjpf msT kio ngWk; Neuq;fspy; gaph; nra;tJ rpukkhf,Uf;fyhk;” vd;whh;.ehw;W eLjy; : 15 ehshd gpwF xw;iw ehw;W 25f;F 25 nr.kP. vd;w ,ilntspapy; rJu elT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 7 tJ 10tJ ehs; ,ilntspfis epug;gTk;. ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J ehw;Wf;fis vLj;j miu kzpapy; elNtz;Lk;.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 214 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ePh; Nkyhz;ik : Kjy; 10 ehl;fSf;F kz;iz kz; Gul;lg;gl;L fhw;Nwhl;lk;fpilf;Fk;. NtUf;F mUfpy; cs;s fisfis ifahy; ePf;fyhk;.Cl;lr;rj;J Nkyhz;ik : jior;rj;J ,iy ml;il %yk; ,l Ntz;Lk;. el;l 14 tJ ehs; Kjy; G+f;Fk; gUtk; tiu ,iyml;iliag; gad;gLj;jp> epwr; nrwpit mstpLtjw;F gaphpd; NkypUe;J %d;whtjhf cs;s ,iyiavLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 10 ,lq;fspy; mstpl;L> mjpy; Njitahd mstpw;Fk; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy;jhsbr; rk;gh gUtj;jpw;F n`f;NlUf;F 30 fpNyhTk; FWitf;F 35 fpNyhTk; jior; rj;J ,lNtz;Lk;. ,aw;if cuq;fs; ,LtJ gaph; nropj;J tsu cjTk;.gyd;fs; : xU n`f;NlUf;F 5 Kjy; 8 fpNyh tpijfs; NghJkhdJ. tof;fkhd Kiwapy; 40 Kjy; 60 fpNyh tpijNjitg; gLk;. xU n`f;Nlhpy; gaph; nra;a 2.5 nrd;l; (100 rJu kPl;lh;) gug;gsTs;s ehw;wq;fhy; NghJkhdJ.tof;fkhd Kiwapy; gaphpl 20 nrd;l; Ntz;Lk;. ehw;wq;fhiyg; guhkhpf;f 12 Ml;fs; Njit. rhjhuzkhf 30 Ngh; Ntz;Lk;. tof;fkhf gaph; nra;tjpy;ghjpasT ePh; NghJk;. tof;fkhd Kiwiatpl n`f;NlUf;F 500 Kjy; 1>500 fpNyh tiu $Ljy;kf#y; fpilf;Fk;.njhlh;Gf;F : gp.Nrhiykiy : 93441 31977ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw> 14 gpg;uthp 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 215 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

7. Vio tptrhapfSf;nfd;Nw xU gz;izGJitapy; Xh; mikg;G> ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Vio tptrhapfSf;F ,ytr ,aw;if Ntshz;ikg; gapw;rp mspj;J tUfpwJGJitapy; cs;s CEAD Rw;Wr;Roy; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ik mgptpUj;jp ikak; vd;w jd;dhh;tj; njhz;L epWtdk;ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Vio tptrhapfSf;fhfNt gz;iz xd;iw cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,q;F ,aw;if tptrha Kiwapy;vg;gb gaph;fisg; gaphpLtJ vd;w gapw;rpAk;> kPd;tsh;g;G> fhshd; tsh;g;G kw;Wk; kz;GO cuk; jahhpj;jy; Nghd;wgapw;rpfSk; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. CEAD d; epWtduhdfNz\; gfph;e;Jnfhz;ltptuq;fs;: ‘GJitapy; gyjiyKiwahf vq;fs;FLk;gk; tptrhak; nra;JtUfpwJ. Mjyhy;> ehDk;tptrhaj;jpd; kPJ Mh;tk;nfhz;L Ntshz;ikapy;gl;lNkw;gbg;G(M.Sc.Agriculture) tiugbj;Njd;. mjd; gpd; njd;Mg;hpf;fhtpy; ,uz;LMz;Lfs; gzpGhpe;Njd;.me;j ehl;by; cSe;J gaph;vg;gb gaphplNtz;Lk; vd;wgapw;rpia mq;Fs;s tptrhapfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhLj;Njd;. mjd;gpd; ,e;jpah te;Jtpl;Nld;. kj;jpa murpd; AGRICLINIC AND AGRI BUSINESS TRAINING vd;w gapw;rpia Kbj;J> ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;J tptrhapfSf;fhf AGRICONSULTANCY vd;w epWtdk; xd;iwj; Jtf;fpNdhk;. mjd; %yk; gy tptrhapfSf;F tptrhaj; JiwapYs;sEl;gq;fisf; $wpNdhk;. mJ gyUf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;J.2003k; Mz;L Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; Ntshz; mgptpUj;jp ikak; vd;w ikaj;ij Jtf;fpNdd;. ,aw;if cuq;fisg;gad;gLj;jp gaphpLtJ vg;gb vd;w gapw;rpia mspf;fpNwhk;. Fwpg;ghf> nryT mjpfkpy;yhj FWfpa fhyg;gaph;fshd fPiu Nghd;w gaph;fis vg;gb gaphpLtJ vd;w nray; tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gLk;.,Jjtpu> epykw;w tptrhapfSf;F mjpfk; ghpr;rak; ,y;yhj jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Fwpj;j EZf;fq;fis fw;Wj;jUfpNwhk;. tptrhapfisf; nfhz;Nl 20 tptrhapfs; mlq;fpa Ra cjtpf;FOf;fis Muk;gpj;J> gy Ra njhopy;gapw;rpfisAk; mspj;JtUfpNwhk;. Ntshz;ikapy; gl;lk; my;yJ gl;lag;gbg;G gbj;j ,isQh;fSf;Fnjhopw;gapw;rpAk; mspf;fpNwhk;” vd;W tpsf;fpdhh;.kz;GO cuj; jahhpg;gpy; mrj;jp tUk; jdNrfhp $wpaJ: ‘vd; tPl;bd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; Fbyikj;J> kz;GO cuk;jahhpf;fj; njhlq;fpNdd;. ,jw;fhf mjpfr; nryTkpy;iy. xU ld; jahhpf;f> xd;wiu khjfhyq;fs; Njitg;gLk;.mg;gb jahhpj;j cuq;fis tpw;gid nra;a mth;fs; nghpJk; cjtpdh;. gpd;> vd; FO ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;JGREEN DAY ASSOCIATION vd;w mNrhrpNa\id Jtf;fp> tpw;gid nra;J tUfpNwhk;. cuk; jahhpf;f mjpfk;nkdf;nfl Ntz;bajpy;iy. fhiyg; nghOJfspy; xU kzp Neuk; NghJk; (,J cuj;ij ed;whf NkYk; fPOk; fpz;btpLtjw;fhf). mJ Nghf thuj;jpw;F ,uz;L ehl;fs; guhkhpg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhy; NghJk;” vd;W $wpdhh;.ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw> 14> gpg;uthp 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 216 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

8. cg;ghd epyj;jpYk; jg;ghky; gyd; fhZk; rNfhjuh;fs; jpUthsh;fs;. vd;. NfrtidAk; Mh;.uQ;rpj;Fkhh; ,UtUNkNjLjy; epiwe;j Njh;e;j tptrhapfs;. fpof;Ff; flw;fiuNahufpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;. Kjypy; re;jpj;J jpU.vd;.Nfrtd; mth;fis ,th;nrq;fy;gl;bypUe;J fpof;Nf 20 fp.kP J}uj;jpYs;s ,isadhh;Fg;gk; vd;Dk; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;. ,J tptrhak; epiwe;jfpuhkk; ,tUf;F 12 Vf;fh; epyKs;sJ. ,e;j epyk; KOtJk; fspkz;Zk; kzYk; fye;j ,Ukz;epiwe;jjhFk;. ,tuJ fpzw;W ePhpy; MLJiw 43> MLJiw 37> Mfpa ufq;fisAk; fliyapy; : bvk;tp 7> tpMh; I 2Mfpa ufq;fisAk; rhFgb nra;fpwhh;> Kjypy; b.vk;.tp. 7 ufk; rhFgb nra;jth;jhd; jw;NghJ tp.Mh;.I2 ufj;jpw;F khwpAs;shh;. elT nra;j 25 ehl;fspy; fis vLg;ghh;. mjd; gpd;G Vf;fUf;F A+hpah 20 fpNyh> Ntg;gk; gpz;zhf;F 20fpNyh ,Lthh;. elT nra;j 35tJ ehspy; À+kpf; Mrpl;> ngy;tpf; Mrpl;> kPd; mkpNdh mkpyk; rP tPl;>gQ;rft;ah vy;yhk; jput tbtpy; Vf;fUf;F jyh 500 kpy;yp tPjk; fye;J ,iy topaha; njspg;ghh;. ,Nj Nghd;W kPz;Lk; xU Kiw elT nra;j 65 tJ ehspy; Neh;j;jpaha;j; njspg;ghh;. ,jw;fpilNaVNjDk; G+r;rpfs; njd;gl;lhy; Ntg;g vz;nza; Vf;fUf;F xU ypl;lh; tPjk; njspg;ghh;. jz;L cUSk; rkaj;jpy; rpVvd; jputk; miu ypl;lUk; `;A+kpf; mkpyk; miu ypl;lUk; fye;J xt;nthUVf;fhpYk; ,iy topahff; nfhLg;ghh;. ,th; ,itfisg; Nghy kpFjpahd ,LnghUs;fis ,iytopahfNt nfhLg;gjhy; gaph; kpfTk; nropg;ghf cs;sJ. ,tuJ Nth;f;fliy rhFgbiag; nghWj;j tiu ,th; gad;gLj;Jk; tpijasT Vf;fUf;F 65fpNyhthFk;. tpMh;I ufj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu gUg;G nghpajhFk;. mNj rkaj;jpy; bvk;tp 7 ufj;jpy;Vf;fUf;F 50 fpNyh kl;LNk gad;gLj;Jthh;. mtuJ epyj;jpy; ve;jg; gFjp njk;G Fiwe;Js;sNjh mq;F Nfo;tuF Nghl;L mWtilf;Fg; gpd;Gjl;ilia mWj;J mjpy; Nghl;L kf;f itg;ghh;. me;jg; gFjpapy; Nth;f;fliy mLj;J rhFgb nra;jhy;mw;Gjkha; tUnkd;fpwhh;. fhyj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;baij rhpahd fhyj;jpYk;> rhpahd mstpYk; nra;fpwhh;> mtUf;Ff; fhyKk;>fodpAk; cg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; jg;gpy;yhky; gyd; jUfpwJ vd;W neQ;R epkph;j;jpr; nrhy;fpwhh;.jpU.vd;.Nfrtd;> jpUf;fOf;Fd;wk;nry; : 9994333831ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> Vg;uy; 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 217 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

9. ehd; xU [PNuh gl;n[l; tptrhap nrq;Fd;wk;> fhuNdhil mLj;j rpd;d fpuhkk; Mq;fhl;by; ,Ue;J tUfpNwd;. vd; ngah; Nej;jh[pvd;W jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L Ngrj; njhlq;fpdhh; ney; kl;LNk gaphpLk; Nej;jh[p. Ngdhez;gh;fs; mikg;Gk;> jpUts;@h; khtl;l ,aw;if Ntshz; rq;fKk; ,ize;J elj;jpa $l;lk; brk;gh;,uz;lhk; Njjp jpUts;Siu mLj;j jiyf;fhQ;Nrhp Iah; Njhl;lj;jpy; ele;jJ. mjpy; gpujkg;Ngr;rhsuhfj; jdJ ney; tptrhak; gw;wp Nej;jh[p ,t;thW Muk;gpj;jhh;. ‘ehd; vdJ fpuhkj;jpd; fpuhkeph;thf mYtuhf Ntiy nra;J Xa;T ngw;wtd;. jw;nrayhf ehDk; vdJ ez;gh;fSk; Rgh\;gNyf;fhpd; gapw;rpf;Fg; Ngha; te;Njhk;. mJtiu vdf;F ,aw;if tptrhak; vd;why; vd;dntd;NwnjhpahJ. $l;lk; Kbe;J tPl;Lf;F te;j clNd Rw;wpj;jphpe;J xU ehl;Lg;gRit thq;fp te;J tPl;by;fl;bNdd;. njhOtj;ij rhp nra;J fhiy vOe;jJk; [Pthkph;jk; jahhpg;gJjhd; vdJ Kjy;Ntiy.,jpy; rpW jhdpak; khT miuj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. nryit vy;yh tifapYk; Fiwj;Jr; nra;tJ jhNd[PNuh gl;n[l; tptrhak; ‘ehd; xU [PNuh gl;n[l; tptrhap” vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhs;tjpy;ngUikg;gLfpNwd;. nty;yj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf tpiy Fiwe;j goq;fisg; NghLNtd;. nrhe;j njd;id kuj;jpd; ,sePiuf; fug;Ngd;. ,g;gbahfj; jahhpj;j [Pthkph;jf; fiuriy Kg;gj;ije;Jypl;lh; gpsh];bf; Nfd;fspy; Cw;wpf; nfhs;Ntd;. g[h[; vk; va;l;bapy; ,uz;L gf;fq;fspy; fl;bf;nfhz;L taypy; cs;s rpnkz;l; njhl;bapy; Nrfuk; nra;fpNwd;. jz;zPh; ghAk; Nghnjy;yhk; vd;taypy; [Pthkph;jk; gha;fpwJ. ehd; re;Njh\khf ,aw;if tptrhak; nra;fpNwd;. ,d;ndhd;iwAk; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ehd;,aw;ifapy; tpise;j mhprp czitr;rhg;gpLtjhy; jhd; vd;dhy; njk;ghf ciof;f KbfpwJ. %d;WNghfKk; ney;jhd; gaph; nra;fpNwd;. NtW gaph; ,q;F nra;a KbahJ nra;jhYk; NjuhJ. Muk;gj;jpy; itf;Nfhiy tpw;Wf; nfhz;L ,Ue;Njd; Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ itf;Nfhiy taypy; Nghl;Lklf;fp cOJ tpLfpNwd;. itf;Nfhy; vg;gb mt;tsT rPf;fpuk; kf;Fk; vd;W jhNd Nfl;fpwPh;fs;,Uf;fNt ,Uf;fpwJ [Pthkph;jf; fiury; njspf;fpNwd; itf;Nfhy; kf;fptpLfpwJ klf;fp cOk;NghJtay; NkYk; tskhfpwJ epyj;jpw;F Xa;T NjitNa ,y;iy tsk; $LfpwJ. fis vLf;fhj gaph; fhy; gaph; mJ ,J vd;W nrhy;yp vd;id kpul;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;fs;. fised;whf tsh;e;J te;jJ. ehd; gag;gltpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ ghh;j;jhy; fisAld; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhz;Lgaph; Ntfkhf NkNy tsh;e;J te;jJ fis jhNd mkpo;e;J NghdJ ,J xU Gjpa mDgtkhfmike;jJ. Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj ehd; ney;iy tpw;gJ ,y;iy. mhprpahfj; jhd; tpw;fpNwd;. ehd; nrhd;dJ jhd;tpiy tpiyia ehNd epahakhf eph;zak; nra;fpNwd; mhprp xU fpNyh ehw;gJ &gha;f;F tpw;Wf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpNwd;. vdf;F nfhL cdf;Ff; nfhL vd;W thq;fpf; nfhz;L Ngha; tpLfpwhh;fs;nghd;dp mhprp clNd tpw;Wg; NghfpwJ.ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> [dthp 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 218 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

10. gj;jpvhpAk; fhtphpnly;lh‚ ghpjtpg;gpy; tptrhapfs;‚‚ twz;l G+kpahf fl;rpaspf;Fk; fhtphp nly;lh‚ epthuzk; fpilf;Fkh? vd;W ftiyAld; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; fhtphpnly;lh tptrhapfs;. Vd; ,e;j mty epiy? mjw;F jPh;Tjhd; vd;d? rw;W myrp ghh;g;Nghkh... vd;W jdJmDgt fUj;Jf;fis ek;Kld; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpwhh; ,e;jpa Njhl;lf;fiy kw;Wk; czT gjdpLjy; Nritika ,af;Feh; G\;gFkhh;. mjhtJ ‘caph; njhopy;El;g” tptrha Kiwia ifahz;L> ney;iy kl;Lk; gaphplhky; kw;w tptrhagaph;fisAk; gaphpl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gaphpLk;NghJ> new;gaph; ifnfhLf;fhj NghJ kw;w tptrha gaph;fs;mth;fSf;F ifnfhLf;Fk;. ,e;j Kiwapy; ney;> fUk;G Nghd;w ed;nra; gaph;fis jtpu kw;w tptrhagaph;fshd mjpf ,yhgk; juf;$ba fha;fwp tiffis Fiwe;j ,lj;jpy; tptrhak; nra;ayhk;. ,j;jifa tptrha Kiwapy; jz;zPh; Njit kpfTk; FiwT. kpd;rhu NjitAk; FiwT. Vnddpy;> nrhl;LePh;ghrdj;ij gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jpdKk; xU kzp Neuk; kpd;rhuk; ,Ue;jhNy ehk; Rkhh; xU Vf;fh;epyg;gug;ig jz;zPh; gha;r;r KbAk;. ‘cah; njhopy;El;g tptrha Kiw” vd;gJ xU fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gl;l tptrha KiwahFk;. cah; njhopy;El;g Ntshz;ik Kiwfs;: ,jid ‘gRik Fby; Ntshz;ik” vd;Wk; $wyhk;. ,jd; %yk; tptrhak; nra;Ak; nghOJ mjpf kf#y;kw;Wk; mjpf yhgKk; milayhk;. cah; njhopy;El;g Ntshz;ik Kiwapy; gRikf; Fby;fs;> epoy; Fby;fs;kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jg; gl;l epy mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;L tptrhak; nra;ayhk;. gRikf; Fby; tptrhaj;jpy; Filkpsfha;> jf;fhsp> Nggp fhh;d; Nghd;w fha;fwp tiffSk; Nuh];> n[hpguh>fhh;Ndrd; Nghd;w kyh; tiffisAk; gaph; nra;ayhk;. gRikf; Fby;fs; midj;J jl;g ntg;gepiyfSf;Fk;Vw;wJ. NkYk; ,t;tif tptrhaj;jpy; Neha; jhf;fk;> cuk;> G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp> jz;zPh;> Ml;fs; Njit> kw;wghuk;ghpa eQ;ir tptrhaj;ijf; fhl;bYk; FiwT. NkYk; ghuk;ghpa tptrhaKiwia xg;gpLk;nghOJ 5 Kjy; 10 klq;F tpisr;ry; mjpfk;. NkYk; ,J mjpfk;ghJfhg;ghdJ> mjpfk; kf#y; jUtJ> mNj rkaj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahd nghUs; kpfTk; Neh;j;jpahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.,f;Fby; 15-ypUe;J 20 tUlq;fs; tiu ePbj;J ciof;Fk; jpwd; ngw;wJ. ,JNghd;w tptrhaj;jpw;F kj;jpamuR Njrpa Njhl;lf;fiy thhpaj;jpd; thapyhf 25% khdpak; toq;FfpwJ. gRikf; Fby;fisg; NghyNt epoy; Fby;fSk; vy;yh jl;gntg;gepiyfSf;Fk; Vw;wJ> ghuk;ghpatptrhaKiwia xg;gpLk; nghOJ 4 Kjy; 8 klq;F tpisr;ry; mjpfk;> mikf;Fk; nryT kw;Wk;Ntiyahl;fs; FiwT> ,f;Fby;fs; 4- ypypUe;J 6 tUlq;fs; tiu ePbj;J ciof;Fk;. ,f;Fby; Filkpsfha;>jf;fhsp> Nggp fhh;d;> nts;sphpf;fha;> gPd;];> ntz;ilg;Nghd;w fha;fwp tiffSf;F Vw;wJ. NjrpaNjhl;lf;fiy thhpaj;jpd; %yk; Vf;fUf;F &.5 yl;rk; tiu khdpak; (subsidy) fpilf;Fk;. jf;fhsp Nghd;w fha;fwpfs; mWtilapd; NghJ mjd; tpiy kpfTk; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. mj;jUzj;jpy;tptrhapfs; gjw;wkilahky;> ftiyg;glhky; me;j jf;fhspia jf;fhsp rh]hfTk;> jf;fhsp gTluhfTk;kjpg;Gf;$l;b re;ijg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mjpf yhgk; mila KbAk;. vq;fs; Nritfs;: gRik Fby; mikj;jy; kw;Wk; gRik Fby; mikf;f murplkpUe;J khdpak; ngw;W jUjy; Fsph; gjdf;fplq;F mikj;jy; kw;Wk; Fsph; gjdf;fplq;F mikf;f murplkpUe;J khdpak; ngw;W jUjy;. czT gjdpLjy; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd khdpak; ngw;W jUjy;.njhlh;Gf;F : R.G\;gFkhh;> ,af;Feh;nry; : 94877 28648ed;wp : jkpf tptrhap cyfk;> [dthp 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 219 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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12. ‘ml;kh” jpl;lj;jpd; fha;fwp cw;gj;jp‚twl;rpf;F ngah; ngw;w uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; mjpfkhf tsh;e;Js;sfhl;Lf; fUNtyk; kuq;fis mfw;w khtl;l eph;thfk; tptrhapfs;kj;jpapy; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;jp nfhQ;rk;> nfhQ;rkhffUNtyq;fhl;il mfw;W gzpia khtl;l eph;thfk; nray;glj;njhlq;fpAs;sJ. NkYk; ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; jkpo;ehl;bd; xUgFjp ,uh[];jhd; ghiytdk; gFjpahf ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ijxU Fl;b ghiytd gFjpahf ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. mJ ty;y,k;khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs; khdhthhp epyg;gFjpahf ,Ue;jhYk;$l ciof;Fk; th;f;fk;> fLikahf ciog;ghh;fs;.,k;khtl;j;jpy; ePh; epiyfs; fz;kha;fs; %ykhfTk;> kioia ek;gp tptrhak; nra;J te;jhYk; ghuk;ghpa coTj;njhopy; El;gq;fspy; epyq;fspd; Nfhil coT nra;jy;> Ml;Lfpil NghLjy; Fiwthd ,uhrad cuq;fisgad;gLj;jp. tptrhak; nra;J tUfpwhh;fs; ,q;F gpujhd gaph;fs; ney;> kpsfha;> gUj;jp> epyf;fliy> vs; cs;spl;lgaph;fs; rhFgb nra;J tUfpwhh;fs;. kioia ek;gpNa ,e;j khtl;lj;jpy; tptrhak; cs;sJ. gUtkio ngha;e;jjhy;tpijj;j ney;Yk;> rhtpahfp ngUk; e\;lj;jpw;F tptrhapfs; Mshfpd;wdh;.ney;> kpsfha;> gUj;jp cs;spl;l gaph;rhFgbapy; nfhQ;rkhf ,k;kuq;fis mfw;WtJld;> jhpR epyq;fspYk;fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; khdhthhpf;F Vw;w gaph;fshd jhdpaq;fs;> gaph;tiffis rhFgb nra;a Cf;Ftpf;f khtl;lMl;rpah; f.ee;jFkhh; mth;fs; jPtpug;gLj;jp cs;shh;fs;.mitfs; jtpu ‘ml;kh” Ntshz;ik njhopy;El;g Nkyhz;ik Kfikj; jpl;lk; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;Nehf;fk; tptrhaj;jpd; Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis GFj;jp gutyhf;fp nray;gLj;Jtjy; vd;gjhFk;. nghpa my;yJrpwpa tptrhapfshf ,Ue;jhYk; kioia vjph;ghh;j;J fhj;jpapUf;fhky; ,Uf;fpd;w ePh; Mjhuq;fis itj;Jfha;fwpfis gaph; nra;J tUkhdj;ijg; ngUf;fyhk;.nghJthf ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; Fz;L kpsfha;> fj;jhp> ntz;il> gUj;jp> ney;> gaph; nra;ag;gLk;. ,jpy;fyg;G kw;Wk; CLgaph;fs; %ykhf $Ljy; tUkhdk; ngUf;Fk; Kaw;rp jPtpug;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.fha;fwpfs;> fPiutpijfs; ,ytrkhf nfhLj;J gaph;fis mjpfg;gLj;jp> $Ljy; tUkhdk; ngUf;Fk; jpl;lkhfnray;gLj;jp tUfpNwhk;.tptrhapfSf;F tPhpak; kpFe;j ntz;il> gPh;f;fd;> Glyq;fha;> ghfy;> Riu> G+rzp> nrb mtiu> nrb KUq;if>Ks;sq;fp> nfhj;jtiu> jf;fhsp> fPiu tiffshd> miuf;fPiu> ghyf;fPiu> Gspr;rf;fPiu> rpWf;fPiu> jz;Lf;fPiu>Kisf;fPiu> mfj;jp Mfpatw;iw cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;Fk; eltbf;ifapy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.NkYk; nfhbtiff; fha;fwpfSf;F mjpfkhd jz;zPh; Njitg;glhJ. tUkhdKk; njhlh;e;J te;J nfhz;Nl,Uf;Fk;. Fiwthd kioAk; NghJk; rPrd; ,y;yhj fhyq;fspYk; ,f;nfhb tiff; fha;fwpfisg; gaphpl;LtUkhdj;ij ML tsh;g;G> Nfhop tsh;g;G> kPd; tsh;g;G> khL tsh;g;G> fhshd;tsh;g;G nra;jhy; $Ljy; tUkhdk; Ntshz;ik njhopy; El;g ty;Yeh;>90959 74287ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> Nk 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 221 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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15. mjpf ,yhgk; jUk; kug;gaph; gh;kh Njf;FmDgt tptrhap gl;Lf;Nfhl;il %h;j;jp J}j;Jf;Fb ,e;J];jhd;gNahgpshz;l; (gp) ypl;epWtdj;jpd; tpOg;Guk fpisNkyhsh; jpU. kh.jdghy; gh;khNjf;F tsh;g;G kw;Wk; tUkhdk;gw;wp fPo;f;fz;l tptuq;fisnjhptpf;fpwhh;. J}j;Jf;Fb ,e;J];jhd;gNahgpshz;l; epWtdk; etPdKiwapy; ,aw;if tptrhak;nra;a ,aw;if tptrhaj;jpd;Kd;NdhbepWtdkhfnray;gl;L tUfpwJ. gh;kh Njf;F fd;Wfs; 10 Kjy; 12 Mz;Lfspy; Rkhh; 3 Kjy; 3.5 mb Rw;wsT tiu tsUk;.,jdhy; jw;NghJ epytp tUk; jz;zPh; gw;whf; Fiwiag; Nghf;fp vjph;fhyj;jpy; ey;ytUkhdj;ijAk; ngw KbAk; vd;gijj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. jw;nghOJ xU fd mb gh;kh Njf;F &gha; 3000 Kjy; 3500 tiu NghfpwJ. xU Vf;fhpy; gh;khNjf;F fd;Wfis tsh;g;gjhy; 10 Kjy; 12 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF &gha; 50 yl;rj;jpw;F Nky;tUtha; kpsfha;> vYkpr;ir> G+r;nrbfs;> jf;fhsp> fj;jhpNghd;w gaph;fSf;F gad;gLj;jp kpf ey;y kf#iyg; ngw;Ws;Nsd; vd;gij kfpo;r;rpAld;njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vd;Dila mDgtj;ijf; Nfl;L vd; gf;fj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; 15 Ngh;fSf;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhh; rh;rhlhdpf;if gad;gLj;jp cs;shh;fs;. Njf;F> fliyf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp ey;y gaid mile;Js;shh;fs;. njd;id kuj;jpw;F kpfr; rpwe;j cukhf cs;sJ. NkYk; khjk; ,uz;L Kiw gaphpl;l nrbfisghh;itapl mf;hp rh;tP]; mYtyh;fs; tUfpwhh;fs;. Njf;F fd;W gOJ mile;J tpl;lhy; khw;Wfd;Wfs; ,ytrkhff; nfhz;L te;J ek; tPl;by; nfhLf;fpwhh;fs;. fk;ngdpapd; nrytpy; ,itmidj;Jk; nra;J tptrhapfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad; mila cjTfpwhh;fs;. ,ijg; gad;gLj;jpvd;idg; Nghy; kw;w tptrhapfs; gadilAkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd; vd;whh; gl;Lf;Nfhl;iltptrhap %h;j;jp.ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> Vg;uy; 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 224 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

16. thdk; ghh;j;j G+kpapYk; fw;whior; rhFgb gUt kio ngha;j;j fhuzj;jhy; jz;zPh; ,d;WG+kpapy; gaph; nra;a Kbahky; tptrhapfs;tpisepyq;fis tPL fl;l tpw;gid nra;J tUk;,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; thdk; ghh;j;j G+kpiaAk;tpisepyq;fshf khw;w KbAk; vd;fpwhh; tptrhapfNzrd; mth;fs; ,tuJ nrhe;j Ch; J}j;Jf;Fbkhtl;lk; MFk;. ,jd; mUfhikapy; cs;s faj;jhh; efu gQ;rhaj;JMFk;. ,q;F 10 Mapuj;Jf;Fk; mjpfkhf kf;fs; trpj;JtUfpd;whh;fs;. ,th;fsJ Kf;fpa njhopy; tptrhak;.Mdhy; ,e;j gFjp jw;nghOJ twl;rp gFjpahf khwptUfpd;wJ. tptrhaj;jpw;F Njitahd jz;zPiu kionga;tjd; %ykhf jhd; gaph; nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs; ,jdhy;,q;F kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> fk;G> Nfo;tuF> Nrhsk; kw;Wk; jhdpa tiffs; ghrpgapW> jl;ilg;gapW> cSe;JgUg;G Nghd;w gapW tiffs; gaph; nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; vd;Dila Njhl;lj;jpy; Ntyp gapuhfgaph; nra;Ak; fw;whio nrbia Njhl;lg;gapuhf nra;J tUfpd;Nwd;. mjhtJ 10 Vf;fh; KOtJk; fw;whio gaph; nra;J tUfpd;Nwd;. vg;gb vd;why; ,e;j gaph; tpisr;rYf;Fjz;zPh; mjpfk; Njitapy;iy thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw jz;zPh; Cw;wpdhy; kl;Lk; NghJk; gaph; tpijj;jgpd;dh; xU KiwNah my;yJ ,uz;L KiwNah kio nga;jhy; NghJk; ,e;j jz;zPNu NghJk;. ,e;jgFjp Rw;wpAs;s fpuhk;j;jpy; fw;whio gaph; nra;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; gd;dPh; Fsj;jpy; kl;Lk; 10Vf;fhpy; fw;whio kl;Lk; gaph; nra;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j gapUf;F ,ilNa ,ilntsp 3 mbtpl;L fw;whio elt Ntz;Lk;. ,jid elT nra;j fhyk;Kjy; 60 ehl;fs; fopj;J mWtil nra;ayhk;. elg;gl;l ehspy; ,Ue;J thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw jz;zPh;gha;r;Rfpd;whh;fs;. xU khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw fis gwpf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,e;j gapiu Neha; jhFtjpy;iy.,jdhy; fw;whio gapiu ,q;Fs;s tptrhapfs; Jzpe;J gaph; nra;J tpLfpd;wdh;. fw;whio ntapypy;tsuf; $ba twl;rpg; gaph; MFk;. xU Kiw xU fj;jhioia elT nra;Ak; NghJ mJ thioj;jz;Lfs; Nghy gy jz;Lfsha;tsUfpwJ. ,jid jdpj;jdpahf ntl;b vLj;J elT nra;fpwhh;fs;. gpd;dh; ghj;jp fl;b kz; mizj;Jitf;fpwhh;fs;. mjd; gpwF thuj;Jf;F xU Kiw jz;zPh; gha;r;rp tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,e;j fd;W 60ehl;fspy; ksksntd;W tsh;e;J tUfpwJ. mJ gy jz;Lfshf tsh;r;rp mile;J gr;ir gr;irahffhl;rp mspf;fpwJ. xU jz;L xU fpNyh Kjy; xU 1.5 fpNyh tiu vil nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk; ,ij 7ehl;fSf;F xUKiw mWtil nra;fpd;whh;fs;. mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ kj;jpapy; cs;s FUj;ij kl;Lk; tpl;L tpl;L Rw;wp ,Uf;Fk; kw;w gUkdhdvil cs;s jz;Lfis mWj;J vLf;fpd;whh;fs;. mWtil nra;j fw;whio jz;Lfis ml;ilngl;bapy; mLf;fp itf;fpd;whh;fs; xU ml;il ngl;bapy; 70 jz;Lfis mLf;fp itf;fpd;whh;fs;.,g;gb cs;s ml;il ngl;bapy; nkhj;j vil 100 fpNyh Mfk;. ,g;gb xU Vf;fhpy; 40 Kjy; 45 ngl;bfs;tiu mWtil nra;fpd;whh;fs;. fw;whio nrb gaph; nra;tjw;F nrk;kz; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. ,jpy; tpisAk; gaph; jdp Fzk;cilajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. kUj;Jt Fzk; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fpuhkq;fspy; tPLfspy; cs;s khl;Lj; njhOtq;fspy; fl;b njhq;f tpLfpwhh;fs;. khLfSf;F nrhUfy;Neha; jhf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j fw;whio Nky; ,Uf;Fk; Njhiy rPtp vLj;Jtpl;L cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; jz;ilkl;Lk; my;th Nghy; khLfSf;F nfhLg;ghh;fs;. mg;NghJ nrhUfy; Neha; ePq;fptpLk;. ,ijg; Nghy;kdpjDf;F fw;whio jz;bd Nky; Njhiy rPtp vLj;J cs;Ns cs;s rijg;gFjpia rhg;gpl;lhy;clYf;F Fsph;r;rp mjpfkhf fpilf;Fk; vd;fpwhh;fs;. faj;jhW gFjpapy; tpisAk; fw;whioia ntspehLfSf;Fk; Vw;Wkjp nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;.ntspehLfspy; ,jid gad;gLj;jp Nrhg;G> rhk;G> [_]; kw;Wk; fapW jahhpj;J myq;fhu nghUl;fs;jahhpj;J tUfpd;whh;.njhlh;Gf;F K.fNzrd; : 93633 46228ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> Vg;uy; 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 225 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

17. ney;Yf;F ,d;ndhU khw;W - epj;jpa fy;ahzpePu; trjpaw;w epyj;jpYk; epj;jpa fy;ahzpiag; gaphplyhk; ngUk;ghYk; tPLfspy; moFf;fhf tsh;f;fg;gLk; nrbfspy; xd;W epj;jpa fy;ahzp (gutyhfRLfhl;Lg;G+ vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpwJ). kUj;Jtf; Fzk; nfhz;l ,jd; mwptpay; ngah; nfhz;l,jd; mwptpay; ngah; Njuhe;j]; Nuh]pa]; (Catharanthus Roseus). ,j;jhtuk; gz;ila ,e;jpa kw;Wk;rPd kUj;Jtj;jpy; rh;f;fiu tpahjp> kNyhpah Nghd;w gy Neha;fSf;F Neha; epthuzpahfgad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;Nghija kUj;Jt cyfpy; Yf;fPkpah vDk; uj;jg; Gw;WNeha;f;F rpwe;j kUe;Jg;nghUshf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,j;jhtuj;jpypUe;J jhd; tpd;gpsh];l;bd;> tpd;fpwp];l;bd; vDk; ,U Kf;fpacaph;Ntjpg; nghUs;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kpj ntg;g kw;Wk; ntg;g kz;lyg; gFjpfspy; nropg;ghf tsUk; epj;jpa fy;ahzp> ek; #o;epiyf;FrhFgb nra;a Vw;wJ. ,ij jQ;ir mUNfAs;s kyl;^hpy; %d;wiu Vf;fhpy; rhFgb nra;Js;shh;>tptrhap ek;kho;thh;. njhlh;r;rpahd ney; rhFgbapy; xU khWjYf;fhfTk; kz;zpd; tsj;ijf;$l;lTk; epj;jpa fy;ahzp rhFgbapy; mjd; tsh;g;G Kiwfis tpthpf;fpwhh;. ’epj;jpa fy;ahzpia guty; tpijj; njspg;G Kiw %yk;tpijf;fyhk; vd;whYk; ehw;wq;fhy; KiwNa rpwe;jJ.vdNt> ehw;wq;fhy; tpl;L 40 Kjy; 50 ehl;fspy; ,jidmiu mb ,ilntspapy; Neh; thpirapy; elT nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf ghj;jp mikf;fj; Njitapy;iy. ,JxU twz;l epyj;jhtuk;. vdNt> 8 Kjy; 10 ehl;fSf;FxUKiw ePh; gha;r;rpdhy; NghJkhdJ. khjk; xUKiwcukpl;lhy; tsh;r;rp mjpfhpf;Fk;. epj;jpa fy;ahzp nrbia %d;W Kiw mWtilnra;ayhk;. Kjy; mWtilia elTf;Fg; gpd; 70 Kjy;90 ehl;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. mLj;j ,UmWtilfis mLj;jLj;j 50 ehl;fs; ,ilntspapy;nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mWtilapd;NghJ> nrbiaNthpypUe;J xU mb cauj;jpy; ntl;b tpl Ntz;Lk;.,Wjp mWtilapy; kl;Lk; NtUld; gpLq;fp tplyhk; myyJ tof;fk;Nghy; xU mb cauj;jpy; ntl;b>Nthpid cOJ kz;zpw;F cukhf;fyhk;. ntl;lg;gl;l epj;jpa fy;ahzp nrbia xU ehs; fha itj;J> gpd;dh; ehd;F tpuy;fil mstpy; rpWJz;Lfshf ntl;b> ed;F ntapypy; fhaitj;J tpw;gidf;F mDg;g Ntz;Lk;. ,r;nrbia kUj;Jtg;nghUs; jahhpg;GfSf;fhf gy;NtW ntspehl;L epWtdq;fs; nfhs;Kjy; nra;J nfhs;fpd;wd. epj;jpafy;ahzp Vf;fUf;F xd;Nwfhy; Kjy; xd;Nw Kf;fhy; ld; tiu tpisfpwJ. ,J fpNyh 50 &gha;f;Ftpw;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> ,jd; %yk; Vf;fUf;F 85>000 &gha; tiu fpilf;Fk;” vd;fpwhh; ek;kho;thh;. ,j;jhtuk; Gd;nra; epyj;jpw;Nf kpfTk; Vw;wjhFk;. ed;nra; epyj;jpYk; ed;whf tsh;e;jhYk; ed;nra;epyj;jpy; rhFgb nra;Ak;NghJ> fisfis fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ kpff; fbdk;. vdNt> Nghjpa ePh; trjpaw;wGd;nra; epyKs;s tptrhapfs;> epj;jpa fy;ahzp rhFgbapy; jhuhskhf ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw > 30> Nk 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 226 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

18. tUkhdj;ij tsh;f;Fk; %q;fpy; Ks; ,y;yh gPkh %q;fpiy rhFgb nra;tjd;%yk; xt;nthU tU\Kk; elTr; nryNt,y;yhky;> xd;wiu yl;rk; &gha;f;F Nky;tUkhdk; ngwyhk;. ‘Ks; ,y;yh gPkh %q;fpiy rhFgb nra;tjd;%yk; xt;nthU tU\Kk; elTr; nryNt,y;yhky; xd;wiu yl;rk; &gha;f;F Nky;tUkhdk; ngwyhk;” vd;fpwhh;. x#iur; Nrh;e;jtptrha tpQ;Qhdp ghujp. ,th;> tptrhag;gaph;fspypUe;J 60 tifahd GJuf ehw;WfisjpR tsh;g;G Kiwapy; cUthf;fpAs;shh;. fle;j 15 tU\j;Jf;F Kd; f;NuhNkhh; ‡gNahNlf; jpRtsh;g;G Muha;r;rp epiyaj;ij X#hpy; epWtp>fUk;G> thio> rTf;F> G+r;nrbfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ey;y kf#y; jUk; GJ ufq;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;JtptrhapfSf;Ff; nfhLj;J te;Njd;. xU Kiw vq;fs; Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpw;F te;jpUe;j FkhuNtYvd;fpw ez;gh;> %q;fpy; rhFgb> tptrhapfSf;F ey;y yhgj;ijf; nfhLf;ff;$baJ. jpR tsh;g;GKiwapy; Gjpa ufq;fis cUthf;fpdhy;> ey;y gyd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;whh;. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J 10 tU\khfMuha;r;rp nra;J> Ks; ,y;yhj gPkh %q;fpiyf; fz;Lgpbj;Njd;. tPLfs; fl;lTk;> ‡gh;dpr;rh;fs;nra;aTk;. CJgj;jpf; Fr;rpfs; jahhpf;fTk;> %q;fpypy; cs;s gQ;Rfspd; %yk; Mil nea;aTk;gad;gLtjhy;> %q;fpy; kuq;fSf;F vg;NghJNk re;ij tha;g;Gfs; gpufhrkhf cs;sd. fle;j 2005Mk; Mz;L Kjy; gPkh %q;fpy; fd;Wfis tptrhapfSf;Ff; nfhLj;J tUfpNwd;. gPkh%q;fpy; xU Vf;fUf;F 40 Kjy; 50 ld; tiu mjpf tpisr;ry; nfhLg;gNjhL> Ks; ,y;yhky;totog;ghfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; rhjhuz %q;fpy; rhFgbapy; Vf;fUf;F 200 fd;Wfs; tiujhd; elKbAk;. 5 tUlk; fopj;Jjhd; tpisr;riyAk; nfhLf;Fk;. Mdhy;> gPkh %q;fpNyh mlh;elT Kiwapy;1000 fd;Wfs; tiu el;L 2 tU\j;jpNyNa ntl;b> yhgj;ijg; ghh;f;fyhk;” vd;fpwhh; ghujp. fpU\;zfphp khtl;lj;jpy; 500 Vf;fhpy; tptrhapfs; %yk; gPkh %q;fpy; Njhl;lq;fs; mikj;J> mjpypUe;Jkpd;rhuk; jahhpf;f jkpof Njhl;lf;fiyj;Jiw> ghujpAld; xg;ge;jk; nra;Js;sJ. ‘,j;jpl;lk; tpiutpy;nray;glj; Jtq;Fk;” vd;W cw;rhfkhfr; nrhy;fpw ghujp> ‘xU fpNyh %q;fpypypUe;J xU A+dpl; fuz;l;fpilf;Fk;. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfshf rPdh> [g;ghd; Nghd;w ehLfs; %q;fpypypUe;Jk; kpd;rhuk;jahhpf;fpd;wd. ntl;l ntl;l tsh;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; ,ay;G nfhz;l %q;fpiy xUKiw rhFgbnra;jhy; NghJk;. 150 tU\j;Jf;F Nky; gyd; jUk;. thio> njd;id Nghd;w kuq;fisg; Nghy,aw;ifr; rPw;wj;jhy; gPkh %q;fpy; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. mlh;elT kw;Wk; rhjhuz elT Kiwiag; nghUj;J 40Mapuk; &gha; Kjy; xU yl;rk; tiu rhFgbf;fhd nrythFk;. ,e;jr; nryT> Kjy; ,Uz;LtU\j;Jf;F kl;Lk; jhd;. mjw;fLj;jLj;J xt;nthU tU\Kk; xd;wiu yl;rk; &gha;f;F Fiwahky;tUkhdk; te;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;” vd;fpwhh;. gPkh %q;fpy; Njitg;gLk; tptrhapfs; Kd; gjpT nra;jhy;> xU khjj;jpNyNa fd;Wfis cw;gj;jp nra;JnfhLf;fpwhh;fs;. xU %q;fpy; fd;wpd; tpiy 30 &gha;.gPkh %q;fpypd; rpwg;Gfs; : kw;w gaph;fs; Nghy; gPkh %q;fpiy njhlh;e;J guhkhpf;fj; Njitapy;iy. rhjhuz %q;fpypy; G+ te;Jtpl;lhy;> me;j kuk; nrj;JtpLk;. Mdhy;> gPkh %q;fpy; G+ te;Jk; mopahky;,Uf;Fk;. jukhd ehw;Wfs; vd;gjhy; Neha;fs; Vw;glhJ. ,e;jpahtpd; ve;j ,lj;jpy; gPkh %q;fpy; tpise;jhYk; thq;fpf; nfhs;fpNwhk; vd;W jw;NghJ Me;jpuhNgg;gh; kpy; mwptpj;Js;sJ.ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw 18 Vg;uy; 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 227 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

19. gzk; fha;f;Fk; gid tptrhak;‚ njd;id kuj;jpy; Muha;r;rp nra;J Fl;ilufq;fis fz;Lgpbj;J rhFgb nra;ar; nrhd;dhy;jkpofj;jpy; tptrhapfspd; tho;Tk khWk;. fhfpjKk; mr;rpLk; KiwAk; cUthtjw;F Kd;gd;ndLq;fhykhf gid Xiyfspy; jhd; jkpo;Gytu;fs; vOj;jhzp %yk; mwpTfsQ;rpaq;fisvOjp itj;jdh;. mwpTf;fsQ;rpak;cUthf top nra;j gidkuk; jkpof tptrhapfisNghy gQ;ir guhhpfshf neLQ;rhiy Xuq;fspYk;muRf;F nrhe;jkhd epyq;fspYk; fhl;rpaspj;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. jkpodpd; mwpTf;fsQ;rpaj;ij ghJfhj;j gidkuj;ij ntl;llyhkhvd;W $l epidf;fhky; muRk; tptrhapfSk;ntl;b rha;j;j tz;zk; cs;sdh;. xU rpy tptrhapfs; kl;Lk; gidkuk; jhNd,Ue;Jtpl;L Nghfl;LNk vd;W vz;zpatu;fSf;F,d;W gzk; fha;f;Fk; kukhf khwp tUfpwJ. fLikahd ntapy; fhykhf ,Ug;gjhy; nghJ kf;fs;gd;dhl;L fk;ngdpfspd; Nfhf;> ngg;rp cs;spl;l Fsph;ghdq;fis Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L Eq;F tpw;Fk;filfspy; miyNkhjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. 3 fz; cs;s Eq;F tpiy &.5/- MfTk; 3 Riyahfthq;fpdhy; &.10/-f;F tpw;gidahfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Eq;F tpahghuk; nra;Ak; tpahghhp ,uhkrhkpaplk; ,J Fwpj;J Nfl;Nlhk;. tpiy $Ljyhf ,Ue;jhYk;clYf;F ve;j jPq;Fk; tpiytpf;fhj Eq;F cly; tsh;r;rpf;F MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; fhyq;fhykhfek;Kd;Ndhh;fs; gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. ,d;W kuq;fNs gy ,lq;fspy; ,y;yhky; ntl;b tpl;ldh;. kuk; xd;Wf;F 200 &gha; nfhLj;J Eq;Ffis ntl;b tUfpd;Nwhk;. ntl;Lf;$yp> Ms; nryT vdmidj;ijAk; fzf;F ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ vq;fSf;F ehs; xd;Wf;F 1000 &gha; tUkhdk; fpilf;fpwJvd;whh;. ,e;j tUkhdk; 2 khjj;jpw;F KOikahf ,Uf;Fk;. Eq;F ntl;lhky; gjePuhf ,wf;fpdhy; Mz;Lf;F xU kuj;jpypUe;J 180 ypl;lh; gjePiu ,wf;f KbAk;.rpy ,lq;fspy; rh;Nthja rq;fq;fspd; fPo; cs;s fhjpfpuhg;l; filfspy; ghf;nfl;Lfspy; milj;Jtpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpwJ. kuNkWk; njhopyhsp ,uhkrhkpaplk; nfl;l NghJ gjePu; ypl;lh; 20 &gha;f;Ftpw;gjhf nrhd;dhh;. xU kuk; Mz;Lf;F 180 ypl;lh; gjePu; vd;why; &.3>600/-f;F gjePu; tpiy NghfpwJ. ,ijNa gidnty;ykhf fha;r;rp filfspy; gidnty;yj;ij filfspy; tpw;why; &.200f;F tpw;fyhk;. kuk; xd;wpy; 25fpNyh gidnty;yk; jahhpf;fyhk;. gdQ;rPdp vd;why; 20 fpNyh jahhpf;fyhk;. ,g;gb xt;nthd;whf vz;zpf;nfhz;Nl Nghdhy; kuk; xd;wpy; ,Ue;J Mz;bw;F &.5000/- tUkhdk;tUfpd;wJ. gzkha; fha;f;ff; $ba ,e;j gid kuj;ij guhkhpg;gNjh jz;zPh; gha;r;rNth cur;nryNth nghpjhf xd;Wk; ,y;iy. vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nrh;j;jhy; 250 &gha; nryTjhd; MFk;. Eq;F gjePu;gdq;fpoq;F gid nty;yk; tprpwp iftpidg; nghUs;fs; vd 600f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fSf;Fgad;gLk; gidkuk; 120 Mz;Lfs; tiu caph;thOk; jd;ik cs;sJ.ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk; Nk 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 228 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

20. Nfhilapy; if nfhLf;Fk; jh;Grzp rhFgb‚ Mz;LNjhWk; khh;r; khjk; njhlq;fp [_iy tiukf;fis thl;b vLf;Fk; ntapy; #L gpbf;fMuk;gpj;J tpl;lJ. khh;r; ,Wjp thf;fpy; jkpofj;jpy;ney;iy cl;gl njd; khtl;lq;fspy; ntapypd;jhf;fk; fLikahf ,Ug;gjhy; tof;fk; NghynghJkf;fspd; jhfk; jPu jh;G+rzpia NjlMuk;gpj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. mjw;Nfw;whh; Nghy jh;Grzptpahghuk; ,g;nghONj fis fl;lj;njhlq;fp tpl;lJ. nghJthf Nfhil njhlq;fptpl;lhy;trjpahdth;fs; ntspehl;L Nkhfj;jhy; ngg;rp>Nfhf;Nfh Nfhyh vd urhadk; fye;j nraw;ifnghUl;fis mjpfk; Fbj;J jw;fhypfkhf jq;fSf;F jhq;fNs nfLjiy tpistpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.Mdhy; tpiy Fiwthf ,Ue;jhYk; clYf;F cw;rhfj;ijAk;> gz tpiuaj;ij Fiwf;fTk; nra;Ak;,sePh;> Nkhh;> nts;shp> vd;w thpirapy; jh;G+rzpf;F jdp kTR cz;L. clypd; c\;zj;ij Fiwg;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; ePh; rj;ij mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Ak; mUkUe;jhfTk;jh;Grzp tpsq;FfpwJ. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gkpf;f jh;Grzp cyfpd; gy ehLfspy; gaph; nra;ag;gl;L,e;jpahtpy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l fhyk; Ngha; ,d;W ,e;jpahtpYk; jh;Grzp gaphplg;gLfpwJ. jh;Grzpapy; gy ufq;fs; cs;sd gp.Nf.vk;.1> tprhyh> kJghyh> fpuz;> kjpyh> kw;Wk; hpah vd gytifahd ufq;fis ehk; nrhy;yyhk;. Nfhilfhykhd Vg;uy; kw;Wk; Nk khjq;fspy;> mWtil nra;ak;tifapy; jh;Grzpia rhFgb nra;fpwhh;fs;. kpjkhd ntg;gk;> msthd mjpf mstpy; #hpantspr;rKs;s fhyq;fspy; jh;Grzp ed;F tsUk;. jh;Grzp ed;F Kjph;r;rp milAk; fhy fl;lj;jpy;ed;F ntapy; ,Ue;jhy; gioa kpfTk; Urpahf ,Uf;Fk;. ey;y tbthy; trjpAs;s kz; jh;Grzpf;FkpfTk; Vw;wjhFk;. jh;Grzp tpijfis Neubahf elT taypy; tpijg;gij fhl;bYk; Fopj;jl;L Kiwapy; ehw;Wfiscw;gj;jp nra;J gpd; elT nra;tJ rpwe;jjhFk;. etk;gh; kw;Wk; brk;gh; khjk; gdp fhyk; vd;gjhy; epoy;tiy ehw;wq;fhypy; itj;J ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %ykhf ehw;Wfs; xNu rPuhf tsh;r;rpailAk;.jh;Grzp eLtjw;F xU khjk; Kd;Ng taiy csp fyg;ig nfhz;L xU KiwAk; gpd; rl;b fyg;ignfhz;L xU KiwAk; coT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd; %d;W Kiw nfhf;fp fyg;ig nfhz;LmLj;jLj;J coT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ehw;W elT nra;tjw;F Kd; Rkhh; 8 Kjy; 12 kzp Neuk; nrhl;L ePu;ghrdk; %yk; ePh; ghrdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. tpijahf ,Ug;gpd; xU vf;NlUf;F xt;nthU ufj;ij nghWj;J Rkhh; 400 fpuhk; Kjy; xU fpNyh tiujh;Grzp tpijfs; Njitg;gLfpwJ. tpijfis ed;F gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l njd;id ehh; fopT epug;gg;gl;lFopj;jl;Lfspy; Fopf;Fk; xd;W vd;w mstpy; tpijj;J jl;Lfis xd;wpd; Nky; xd;whf mLf;fp itf;fNtz;Lk; mtw;wpy; fhw;W kw;Wk; xsp cl;GfhjthW fUik epw ghypjPd; ig nfhz;L %b itf;fNtz;Lk;. elT nra;jJ Kjy; xt;nthU ehSk; xU kzp Neuk; vd;w mstpy; nrhl;L ePh; ghrd,ikg;gpd; %yk; ePH; gha;r;r Ntz;Lk;. gaph; elT Kjy; %d;W ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw jior;rj;J> kzpr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis xUvf;NlUf;F 25 fpNyh vd;w mstpy; cug;ghrdk; vd;w Kiwapy; ,l Ntz;Lk;. ehw;W elT nra;j 30 Mk;ehl;fis vLj;J kz;iz ,izf;f Ntz;Lk;. kz;zpy; cs;s jior;rj;jpd; msT ntg;g epiyMfpatw;iwnghWj;J nrbapd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; G+f;fk; jd;ik khWg;gLfpwJ. elT nra;j 65 ehl;fspy; jh;G+rzp goq;fs; mWtilf;F jahh; epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. mWtilf;F ed;Ftsh;r;rpaile;j goq;fs; jl;bg;ghh;f;Fk; NghJ xU tpj ke;jkhd xypia vOg;Gk; cukpLjy; ePu;ghrdKiw cs;spl;litfs; %yk; ed;F guhkhpf;fg;gl;l jh;Grzp xU vf;Nlhpy; Rkhh; 40 Kjy; 60 ld; tiukf#y; ngwyhk;.ed;wp : jkpof tptrhap cyfk;> Nk 2013‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 229 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

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Hó„ê¬ùè÷£½‹, àí¾ àŸðˆF‚è£ù ð°Fèœ °¬ø‰ ªè£‡«ì õ¼A¡øù. Þ¬õ ªî£ì˜‰î£,âF˜è£ôˆF àí¾‚è£è ªõOï£†® ¬è«ò‰î «õ‡®ò Å›G¬ô õóô£‹. àíM î¡Q¬ø¾â¡ð ñ£øô£‹. Þ‰î G¬ôJ àöõ˜èO¡ G¬ôŠð£´ â¡ù-? â¡ù ªêŒò «õ‡´‹ â¡ð¬î M÷‚è¾‹ î£¡Þ‰î‚è¼ˆîóƒè‹, °PŠð£è, ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ â¡ð ðô ðJ˜„ê£°ð®, ÞòŸ¬è„ êñ¡ð£´, ð…êè£šò£, ñ‡¹¿ àó‹, ÜI˜îè¬óê âù ð«õÁ âO¬ñò£ù àˆFè¬÷‚ ªè£‡´œ÷. Mõê£òŠÌIJ¡ ªõOJL¼‰ õ¼‹ ªð£¼†èO¡ Ü÷¬õŠ ð®Šð®ò£è‚ °¬øˆ‚ ªè£‡«ì õó«õ‡´‹â¡Aø£˜èœ º¡«ù£® àöõ˜èœ. ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñJ àí¾ ðŸø£‚°¬ø õ¼õîŸè£ùõ£ŒŠ¹èœ Þô«õ Þ¬ô â¡Aø£˜èœ.Åö è£‚°‹ ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ : «õ÷£‡¬ñ‚ èN¾èœ, ïèó‚èN¾èœ âô£‹ ÞŠð® õ¼ñ£ù‹ î¼‹ ªð£¼†è÷£è ñ£P õ¼A¡øù. ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñJ A¬ì‚°‹ ï¡¬ñèœ â‡E Üìƒè£. ñ‡õ÷‹ «ñ‹ðÁø. ÞòŸ¬è º¬øJ è¬÷‚è†´Šð´ˆîŠðÁø. ÞòŸ¬è º¬øJ Ì„C‚ è†´Šð´ˆîŠðÁø. ÞòŸ¬è º¬øJ àŸðˆF ÜFèK‚èŠðÁø. cK¡ «î¬õ¬ò‚ °¬ø‚Aø. ï…Cô£ àí¾Š ªð£¼†èœ àŸðˆF ñQî˜èO¡ Ý«ó£‚Aò‹ «ðíŠð´î ÞöŠ¹ îM˜‚èŠðÁø. èì¡ ²¬ñ °¬ø‚èŠðÁø. ñ¬öc˜ «êèKŠ¹ ï¬ìªðÁAø. Aó£ñŠ¹ø «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ÜFèK‚Aø. ïèóƒèO¡ ªð¼‚è‹ è†´Šð´ˆîŠðÁø. ñ¼ˆõ„ ªêô¾èœ °¬øAø. õ£›‚¬èˆîó‹ àòÃø. ²ŸÁ„Åö è£‚èŠðÁø. èN¾è÷£ ãŸð´‹ «ï£Œèœ °¬øAø.ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ»‹, ²ŸÁ„Åö½‹ : ñÁ¹ø‹, ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñò£ àí¾ àŸðˆF °¬ø‰ M´‹ â¡ðî£¡ å«ó Hó„ê¬ù âù«õ÷£‡ M…ë£Qèœ ÃÁA¡øù˜. Ýù£½‹, Üõ˜èÀ‹ «õFJò ñ¼‰èœ Þô£ «õ÷£‡¬ñº¬ø «õ‡´‹ âù åŠ¹‚ ªè£‡´œ÷£˜èœ. ðô è¼ˆîóƒèO «õ÷£‡ ðè¬ô‚èöèˆ ¬í«õ‰î˜èÀ‹, ðô M…ë£QèÀ‹ ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ ÜõCò‹ â¡ð¬îŠ ðF¾ ªêŒœ÷ù˜.Ýù£, àí¾ŠðŸø£‚°¬ø õ‰ M´«ñ£-? âÂ‹ Ü„êˆî£ ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ àˆFè¬÷MKõ£‚è‹ ªêŒò º¡õ¼õF¬ô. Ýù£½‹, ñ‡¹¿ àó‹, ð…êè£šò£ °Pˆ ðôËÁ ÝŒ¾èœ«ñŸªè£œ÷Šð†´ õ¼A¡øù. ñ¬ôŠð°FJ ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ âÂ‹ ÜŸ¹îñ£ù Ë¬ôàî¬èJ ðEò£ŸÁ‚ îI›ï£´ «õ÷£‡¬ñ ðè¬ô‚èöèˆF¡ M…ë£Q º¬ùõ˜.ªêõó£x,Üõ˜èœ â¿F ªõOJ†´ àœ÷£˜èœ. ñˆFò Üó² ÞòŸ¬è «õ÷£‡¬ñ¬ò MK¾ð´ˆî, îQò£èå¼ ¬ø¬ò ãŸð´ˆF àœ÷. ªî¡Q‰Fò£¾‚è£ù Üî¡ ªêòð£´èœ ªðƒèÙ¬óˆî¬ô¬ñJìñ£è‚ ªè£‡´ CøŠð£è ï¬ìªðŸÁ õ¼A¡øù.ªð£Pë˜. ².Þ÷ƒ«è£õ¡, ªêªð£, ªð£ðï¡P : ²ŸÁ„Åö °¿ñ «è£†ì‹,c˜õ÷ Ýî£ó Ü¬ñŠ¹, ªð£ŠðEˆ¬ø,îóñE, ªê¡¬ù & 600 113,‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 240 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fhpfhyd; jhd; fy;yiziaf; fl;bdhdh? - Kidtu; ,nu.gue;jhkd;‘Gjpa jiyKiw “ 22 etk;gh; ,jopy; ‘fhpfhyd;jhd; fy;yiziaf; fl;bdhuh?” vd;w fl;Liu ntspahfpapUe;jJ.mJ Fwpj;J thrfh;fSld; Mjhuq;fSld; vOjyhk; vd;W Nfl;bUe;Njhk;. te;jpUe;j fl;Liufspy; ,uz;Lthrfh;fspd; ,uz;L thrfh;fspd; ,UNtW fUj;Jf;fs; ,q;Nf...fhpfhyNd‚ehd; nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapy; jiyikg; nghwpahsuhf gzpnra;J Xa;T ngw;Ws;Nsd;. jQ;irapNy fz;fhzpg;Gg;nghwpahsuhf ,Ue;jNghJ fy;yizapd; nghWg;gpypUe;Njd;. fy;yiz gw;wpa Muha;r;rp nra;J Kidth; gl;lk;ngw;Ws;Nsd;.fhpfhyd;jhd; fy;yiziaf; fl;bdhuh? vd;w Nfs;tp vof;fhuzk; gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fy;yiz gw;wpaFwpg;Gfs; VJk; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;gNj. Mdhy; gpw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhpfhyd; fhtphpf;F fiu mikj;jhh;vd;gjw;F epuk;gf; Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd.1. fue;ij nrg;NgLfs; fhpfhyd; fhtphpapd; fiuia cah;j;jpg; gyg;gLj;jpdhd; vd;W nrhy;fpd;wd.2. Gz;zpa Fkhud; vd;w fp.gp.7/8k; E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;e;j Nrho kd;ddpd; khyNgL nrg;NgLfSk; ,ijNaFwpg;gpLfpd;wd.3. Kjyhk; guhe;jfdpd; NtsQ;Nrhp nrg;NgLfs; fhpfhyd; fhtphpapy; nts;sj;jLg;Gf; fiufs; fl;bdhd; vd;W$Wfpd;wd.4. jpUthyq;fhL nrg;NgLfSk; ,e;j epfpo;tpid gjpT nra;fpd;wd.,yf;fpaf; Fwpg;Gfs; vd;W ghh;j;jhy; n[ak;nfhz;lhhpd; fypq;fj;Jg; guzpapYk; xl;lf;$j;jhpd; ‘FNyhj;Jq;fd;gps;isj; jkpo;” kw;Wk; %th; cyh Mfpatw;wpYk; fhpfhyd; fhtphpf;F fiu mikj;jik rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wd.,itad;wp gpw;fhyj;jpy; te;j cyh ,yf;fpaj;jpy;> tpf;fpuk Nrhod; cyh> FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; cyh> etNrho rhpjk;>njYq;F E}y; Nrhokz;ly rjfk; Mfpatw;wpYk; fhpfhyd; fhtphpf;F fiu mikj;jik rpwg;Gwg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ.Mdhy; ,it vtw;wpYNk fy;yiz vd;w nrhy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. vdNt fy;yiz fl;baJ fhpfhyd;jhd; vd;gjw;FNeubf; Fwpg;G ,y;iy vd;Wk; mjdhy; fy;yiziaf; fl;baJ fhpfhyd;jhd; vd;W cWjpahff; $w KbahJ vd;gJk;rpyUila fUj;jhf cs;sJ. NkYk; fy;yiz vd;gJ jw;NghJ cs;s gLf;if mizfisg; Nghy Mw;wpd; FWf;fhffl;lg;gl;l jdp miz my;y. mJ fhtphpapd; ,lJ fiuapd; kz; mizj; njhlh;r;rpahf fw;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;lfiuahFk;. ,jw;F fy;yiz vd;w ngah; gpw;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;.fy;yiz vd;w ngahpy; ,lJ fiuapd; njhlh;r;rpahf cs;s ,e;jg; gFjp> rhjhuzkhf jw;NghJ Mw;wpd; FWf;Nffl;lg;gLfpd;w gLf;if mizNghy; fw;fis xd;Wf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; xd;whfg; gug;gpAk; xd;wd;Nky; xd;whf itj;Jcah;j;jpAk; mitfSf;fpilapy; Rz;zhk;G my;yJ rpnkz;l; Nghd;w xl;Lk; nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf;fl;lg;gl;ljy;y. mjw;F khwhf gy msTfspy; gy tbtKs;s fw;fis (Rough Stone) njhlh;e;J Ftpay;Ftpayhfnfhl;b mikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,ij Dumping of Rock Fill (Stones) vd;W $Wth;. ,g;gb fw;fisf; nfhl;b mizfs;fl;Ltij miz fl;Ltjpy; xU Gjpa njhopy;El;gkhf mnkhpf;fhtpd; fypNghh;dpahtpy;> 19k; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpapy;nray;gLj;jpdh;. (,e;j cj;jpia Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng jkpoh;fs; gad;gLj;jpdh; vd;gJngUikf;Fhpa nray; my;yth). fw;fisf; Ftpay;Ftpayhff; nfhl;Ltijf;$l xNu jlitapy; njhlh;e;J nra;J ,e;jmiz (fy;yiz) Kbf;fg;gltpy;iy. gy Mz;Lfs;> gy nts;sf; fhyq;fspd; Kbtpy; Njitf;Nfw;g ntt;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,e;jf; fw;fs; nfhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mizapd; FWf;Fntl;Lj; Njhw;wj;ijg; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ fw;fshy; Md‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 241 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013


gLf;ifapd;Nky; kz; my;yJ kzy; gLf;iffSk; kPz;Lk; me;j kzy; gLf;iffspd; Nky; fw;fshy; MdgLf;iffSk; khwpkhwpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fw;fisf; Ftpayhf nfhl;Lk; gzp njhlh;e;J nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gJk;gy gUtq;fspy; gy Mz;Lfspy; tpl;Ltpl;L Njitf;Nfw;g nra;ag;gl;lJ vd;gJk; ,jdhy; GydhfpwJ (,e;j tptuq;fs;jw;NghJjhd; ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Ma;Tj; Jisfs; ,l;L mwpag;gl;Ls;sd).njhopy;El;gk; ntFthf tsh;e;Jtpl;l ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; etPd njhopy;El;g mwptpd; gpd;dzpapy; fy;yiziaNehf;Fk;NghJ ekf;F Vw;gLfpd;w tpag;gk; ngUikAk;> mJ fl;lg;gl;l NghJ tho;e;j kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;bUf;ftha;g;gpy;iy. fiuapd; njhlh;r;rpahfNt ,ijf; fUjp ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. vdNtjhd; ,ijg;gw;wp jdpahf rpwg;gpj;Jg;NgRk;tha;g;G ,y;iy vd;W fUj Ntz;bAs;sJ.vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf fhpfhyidj; jtpu NtW ahUila ngaUk; nrg;NgLfspNyh> ,yf;fpaj;jpNyh fy;yizAld;,izj;Jg; Ngrg;gltpy;iy vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. vdNt fhpfhyd;jhd; Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ele;j ,e;epfo;tpw;F NtWMjhuk; Njitapy;iy vd;gNj rhpahd mZFKiw.fhpfhyDila njhopy;El;gj;ijNa Mq;fpNyah;fSk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;shh;fs; vd;W khyd; fl;Liuapy;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ik. Mdhy; mJ Nkyizapyy;y. gpd;ehspy; Nfhjhthpf;F FWf;Nf jtNs];tuk;vd;w ,lj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l 4 iky; (6.4 fp.kP) ePskhd mizapy;jhd;> fy;yizj; njhopy;El;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.mijg;gw;wpa xU rpW Fwpg;G ,Njh...Nfhjhthp khtl;llj;jpy; 1833k; Mz;L xU kpfg;nghpa gQ;rk; te;jJ. ,ij Great Famine vd;W muR mwpf;iffs;Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. me;j mwpf;ifapy; neQ;ir cUf;Fk; gy nra;jpfs; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy; kpff;nfhLikahdit fPNo cs;sitahFk;.1. Fz;^h; khtl;lj;jpy; 40 rjtpfpj kf;fs; ,we;jdh; (Two out of five of all people died).2. Nfhjhtupapy; 25 rjtpfpj kf;fs; ,we;jdh; (One out of four perished).3. mNefk; Ngh; gQ;rj;jhy; thba jq;fs; ngz; Foe;ijfis tpw;whh;fs;. mtu;fis thq;fpath;fs;i`juhghj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nrd;whh;fs;.4. kf;fs; rhiurhiuahf njw;F Nehf;fp Kf;fpakhf murhq;fj;jpd; jiyefuhd nrd;idia Nehf;fpr;nrd;whh;fs;. nry;Yk; topapNyNa rpyh; ,we;J Nghdhh;fs;.,e;jg; ghpjhg epiyia rPh;nra;Ak; gzpf;F nrd;id murhq;fk;> jiyikg; nghwpahsuhd Mh;jh; fhl;lid mDg;gpaJ.Mh;jh; fhl;ld; kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ma;T nra;J Nfhjhthpapy; jtNs];tuk; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ePiu 12 mbcah;j;jpdhy; Nfhjhthp nly;lhtpy; gy yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F ghrdk; mspf;f KbAk; vd;W fzf;fpl;L murpw;F mwpf;ifmDg;gpdhh;. ,e;j mizapd; ePsk; Vwj;jho 4 iky;. ,e;j mizia etPd Kiwg;gb fw;fis msthf rhp nra;JRz;zhk;Gf;fhiu itj;J xU Over fall mizahfj;jhd; fl;l KbT nra;J murhq;fj;jpw;F mwpf;if nfhLj;jhh;.Mdhy; mjd;gpwF tptu kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ Njitahd fw;fis ntl;b vLj;J Kidfis cilj;J rhpahdtbtj;jpw;F xOq;F nra;tjw;F kl;LNk ,uz;lhapuk; fy;jr;rh;fs; ,uz;lhz;Lfs; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wmwpe;jhh;. ,uz;lhapuk; fy;jr;rh;fs; fpilg;gJ Fjpiuf; nfhk;G vd;Wk; czh;e;jhh;. mg;NghJ mtUila epidtpw;Fte;jJjhd;> mth; jQ;irapy; ntl;bnaLj;Jg; ghh;j;j (Cut open) fy;yizapd; cs;Njhw;wk;. ePz;l neLq;fhyk;nts;sj;ijj; jhq;fp epiyj;J epw;Fk; fy;yiziaf; fl;l gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Dumping of Rock fill vd;wnjhopy;el;gj;ijNa Vd; Nfhjhthpapy; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ vd;w Nfs;tp mtUila gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T je;jJ. ,e;jKiwapdhy; nryTk; mWgj;jp ehd;fpy; xU gq;fhff; FiwfpwJ vd;Wk; fz;lhh;. ePz;l fhykhf cilj;Jg; Nghlg;gl;lgy msTfspYk; gy tbtq;fspYkhd fw;fs; mjpfkhd mstpy; fpilj;jJk; gzpia jhkjkpd;wp clNd njhlq;fVJthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; czh;e;jhh;. vdNt fy;yiz fl;l gad;gLj;jg;gl;l KiwapidNa Nfhjhthp mizf;Fk;gad;gLj;jg; Nghtjhf murhq;fj;jpw;F mDg;gpa Gjpa mwpf;ifapy; mjd; cWjpf;Fk; epiyj;jd;ikf;Fk; fy;yiziaMjhukhff;fhl;b fPo;f;fz;lthW murhq;fj;jpw;F fbjk; vOjpdhh;.The method followed in the construction of Anicut across Godavari is the same as the mode of construction originallyused at the Anicut native work called Grand Anicut which has stood for many centuries... on cutting through the work tomake the under sluices the mass was found to consist nothing but loose stones in mud. with the upper course only laid inchunnam and palstered with concrete. It has never required anything more than occasional renewal of the concrete andhas never been in danger of giving any alarm.,ij xg;Gf;nfhz;L nrd;id khfhz muRk; Nfhjhthpapd; FWf;Nf jtNs];tuj;jpy; 4 iky; (6.4 fp.kP) ePsKs;smizia fy;yizia Kd;khjphpahf itj;J mJ fl;lg;gl;l KiwiaNa gpd;gw;wp fl;bf;nfhs;s mDkjp toq;fpaJ.Nfhjhthp miz fl;bKbf;fg;gl;l gpwF Nfhjhthpg; gFjpapy; kpfg;nghpa khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. gQ;rk; gwe;NjhbaJ.Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; kf;fs; njhif 300 rjtpfpjk; cau;e;jJ. muR tUthAk; 300 rjtpfpjk; cah;e;jJ. Vw;Wkjp 1600rjtpfpjk; cah;e;jJ. gQ;rg; gpuNjrkhf ,Ue;j Nfhjhthpg; gFjp gzk; nfhopf;Fk; ,lkhf khwpaJ. kf;fs; tho;Ttskhapw;W. gQ;rk; jPh;e;jJ. mjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ Mh;jh; fhl;ld; Nfhjhthpapy; fl;ba jtNs];tuk; miz.me;j mizf;F MjhuKk; Kd;khjphpAkhf ,Ue;jJ fhpfhyd; fl;ba fy;yiz.Kidth; ,uh.gue;jhkd;Kd;dhs; jiyikg;nghwpahsh;> jQ;rhT+h;ed;wp : Gjpa jiyKiw 20> brk;gh; 2012‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 243 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013



CAUVERY WATER DISPUTE TRIBUNALCALENDAR OF EVENTS04.05.1990 Supreme Court Judgement directing the Government of India to constitute aTribunal within a month for adjudication of the Cauvery Water Dispute.02.06.1990 Notification No.21/1/90-WD dated 2.6.90 of the Government of India consituting athree Member “Cauvery Water disputes Tribunal”.Reference No.21/1/90-WD, dated 2.6.90 from the Government of India, Ministry ofWater Resources, referring the dispute (regarding the Interstate river Cauvery andthe river valley thereof emerging from letter No.17527/K2/82-110, dated06.07.1986 from the Government of Tamil Nadu) to the Tribunal for adjudication.28.07.1990 First Sitting of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal. Tamil Nadu filed a petition for“interim arrangements” requesting directions to the State of Karnataka not toimpound or utilise waters of the Cauvery river beyond the extend impounded orutilised by them as on 31.05.1972 as agreed to by the Chief Ministers of the basinStates and the Union Minister for Irirgation and Power and to pass an order ofinjunction restraining Karnataka from undertaking any new project and/orproceeding with the further construction of their projects (C.M.P.No.1 & 4/90).Two more applications (C.M.P.Nos.2 & 3/90) were filed by Thiru.H.C.Srikantaiah,one for impleading him as a party and the other for stay of the tribunal proceedings.The application for stay was rejected. The application for impleading was adjournedto 20.09.1990.The Tribunal ordered the basin States to file their statements of case by 18 thSeptember, 1990.20.09.1990 Second sitting of the Tribunal. The Tribunal directed the basin states to file theirrespective “Counters” for the statements of case by 31.12.1990. The Tribunal alsodirected the Governments of Karnataka and Kerala to file their counters to thepetitions of Tamilnadu and the Union Teritory of Pondicherry (C.M.P. No. 4 & 5 of1990) by 26.11.1990 and Rejoinder if any by Tamilnadu and Pondicherry by3.12.199005.01.1991 On C.M.P.Nos.4,5 & 9/90, the Tribunal ordered that it has got no jurisdiction toorder Interim arrangements and that it can only adjudicate the matters referred to itby the Government of India under the Inter State Water Disputes Act.The Tribunal appointed Shri. G.I.Gianchandani as assessor on full time basis andshri. J.R.Malhotra as Assessor on part-time basis.10.01.1991 Tamil Nadu filed a Special Leave Petition in the Supreme Court against the orders ofthe Tribunal dated 05.01.1991 and also an application for immediate release ofwaters from Karnataka reservoirs to save the standing crops in the Cauvery Delta(S.L.P. Nos.501-502/1991). (A similar petition was also filed by the Union Territoryof Pondicherry (S.L.P.No.4991/91).26.04.1991 The C.A.Nos.303-304 and 2036/91 came up for hearing in the Supreme Court on02.04.1991 to 06.04.1991 and for “mention” on 09.04.1991 when the judgementwas reserved. The judgement was delivered on 26.04.1991, allowing the appeals,setting aside the orders of the Tribunal dated 05.01.1991 and directing the Tribunalto decide the CMPs 4, 5 & 9/90 on merits.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 247 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

30.01.1992 Tamil Nadu filed its counter to Karnataka’s application dated 09.01.1992 (forpermission to produce a document being the memorandum dated 19.07.1991). Onthe prayer of Shri. F.S.Nariman, Senior Counsel, the Tribunal granted leave towithdraw the application along with the report and note filed on 24.01.1992. TheTribunal directed the Assessors to submit their report on the date, asked for bythem and supplied by the parties, on 07.02.1992, with copies to parties and theparties to file notes objections, if any, by 11.02.1992. The next date of hearing inC.M.P.No.15/91 was fixed on 14.02.1992.Thiru. K.Parasaran, Senior Counsel for Tamil Nadu filed his ‘written submissions’ onreference petition C.M.P.No.15/91. The parties were asked to furnish the names ofthe Technical Officers who will be appearing on their behalf before the Tribunal.Accordingly, Tamil Nadu furnished the names of the Technical Officers.In the main case, on the prayer of the parties, 21.02.1992 is fixed for filling of theirrespective documents.03.04.1992 Tamil Nadu filed application for(1) Condonation of delay(2) Discovery & Production of documents by Karnataka(3) Discovery and Production of documents by Kerala(4) Administering interrogatories on the Secretary, Irrigation / Agriculture,Karnataka and(5) Issuance of Summons to the Ministry of Water Resources, Government ofIndia (C.M.P.Nos.9 to 13/92).The Tribunal delivered their order on Karnataka’s Reference petition(C.M.P.No.15/91) stating that no intrference is called for at this stage with theirorder dated 25.6.91 and that in case hereinafter, if there is any change ofcircumstances or undue hardship is caused, in a particular year to any party, it willbe open to such party to approach the Tribunal for appropriate orders.30.06.1992 Tamil Nadu filed C.M.P.19/92 for injunction restraining Karnataka from proceedingwith the Periyapatna Lift Irrigation Scheme.The Tribunal took on record the common format for furnishing the technical data asfinalised by the Assessors and fixed three months time for furnishing the data by theparty States. On the request of Karnataka, the Tribunal suggested one more attemptthrough a meeting of the technical officers with the Assessors regarding furthertechnical data to be furnished by the Party States and this meeting was fixed on27.07.1992.The Tribunal heard the other CMPs. On C.M.P. 13 and 18.1992 the Tribunal allowedthe prayer portion to be amended. All the other CMPs were posted to 28.07.1992.27.07.1992 Meeting of the Assessors with the Technical officers. Agreed that the water yearbooks for the CWC gauging stations may be obtained from the Ministry of WaterResources by the States; the data on ground water maintained by the CentralGround water Board may be obtained and exchanged; Tamil Nadu to supply the listof tail end regulators; and exchanged; Tamil Nadu to supply the list of tail endregulators; available project reports of existing, on-going and propsed major andmedium schemes may be exchanged and one set may be given to the Tribunal.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 248 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

26.08.1992 Opening of the main by Sri.K.Parasaram, Senior Council for Tamilnadu on CMPS18/90 and 17/92, on the request made by the commissioner (PR) ministry of WaterResources further time for two months was granted for production of documents.23.09.1992 Tamil Nadu filed its counter to Karnataka’s C.M.P.20/92.A petition for intervention by Sri.Madhe Gowda (C.M.P.22/92) filed in the forenoonwas heard in the afternoon and orders reserved.Sri K.Parasaran, Senior Counsel for Tamil Nadu resumed further opening of the maincase and continued upto 24.09.1992.The CMPs 19 and 20/92 were adjourned to the next date of hearing viz 20.10.1992.On the request of Karnataka the Tribunal granted time upto 16.11.1992 forfurnishing the technical data.24.09.1992 The tribunal pronounced their orders on all the petitions for intervention (C.M.P.2 &8/90 and 22/92) rejecting all the petitions as they have no locus standi.20.10.1992 Tamil Nadu filed a petition (C.M.P.No.24/92) praying for injunction restrainingKarnataka from signing any memorandum of understanding for implementation ofthe Sivasamundram Seasonal Power Scheme. The Tribunal Ordered that the C.M.P.No.19/92 be taken along with C.M.P.No24/92. Counter to 24/92 to be filed withn 4weeks and the rejoinder if any within ten days thereof.Seven sets of available documents produced by the Ministry of Water Resources(Relating to C.M.P.No.18/90 viz., Central Study Team of C.C.Patel andC.M.P.No.17/92 viz. Technical Committee Constituted by the Government of India in1976) were taken on record and marked as exhibits.On C.M.P.No.20/92, the Tribunal ordered that the petition be taken at theappropriate stage after the opening of case of Karnataka.Mr.A.S.Nambiar, Senior Counsel for the Union Territory of Pondicherry opened thecase and concluded. State of Kerala to open their case on the next date of hearingwhich is fixed on 11 th November, 1992.11.11.1992 On C.M.P.No.25/92 which was filed by Shri H.N.Nanje Gowda on 27.04.1992 seekingfor a stay of the orders of the Tribunal dated 25.06.1991 and 03.04.1992, theTribunal ordered issue of notice returnable on 07.12.1992.Mr.Shanti Bhushan, Senior counsel for Kerala, opened the case. To be continued onthe next day of hearing which is fixed on 07.12.1992. The written submissionsregarding opening of case filed by the State of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were taken onrecord.20.01.1993 &21.01.1993Shri F.S.Nariman, Senior Counsel for Karnataka opened the case on 20.01.93 andconcluded on 21.01.1993 The Tribunal directed that marking of documents shalltake place on 22.02.1993.In C.M.P.No.24/92, time for filing the rejoinder is extended by two weeks. All CMPsadjourned to next date of hearing i.e.22.02.1993.22.02.1993 The Tribunal allowed the C.M.P.No.1/93 and condoned the delay. Applications (CMPs19 & 24/92) adjourned to the next date of hearing (15.03.1993).The report dated 18.02.1993 submitted by the assessors in regard to the“Information in common format” was taken on record and the Party States weredirected to furnish the remaining information within a month.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 249 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Procedure was evolved for making of documents which is to be completed before thenext sitting.21.05.1993 Kerala filed Volume III of the Information in Common Format.In CMPs 13/92 and 5/93, the Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources and theDirector, Central Ground Water Board respectively filed the documents as called forand they were taken on record.In C.M.P.No.19/92, The Tribunal in a separate order considered that it is notnecessary to issue an Interim injunction at this stage and rejected the C.M.P.All other CMPs were posted to the next date of hearing viz.30.06.1993.03.08.1993 Tamil nadu filed its comments on the data furnished by Kerala in the commonformat.All the Party Stated filed the affidavits of their expert witnesses-Tamil Nadu 7 Nos. Dr.M.S.Swaninathan, Dr.B.B.Sundaresan, Dr.S.Krishnamoorthy –,Shri. R.Rangachari, Shri. S.Nageswaran, Shri. S.Ramaswamy and Shri.T.R.Ramaswamy)Karnataka 2 Nos. Prof Ramaprasaed and Shri K.R.Karnath;Kerala 1 No Shri C.S.Padmanabha Iyer; andUnion Territory of Pondicherry 1 No.Shri Laurent Saint Andre.Karnataka filed a petition (C.M.P.No.7/93) for proposed additional witnesses.Karnataka also filed a petition (C.M.P.No.8/93) requesting for extension of time forfiling the affidavits of Dr.I.c.Mahapatra and Dr.J.S.Kanwar.06.08.1993 The Tribunal took on record the affidavits by the Party States and ordered that theseaffidavits and those to be filed, will be treated as their Examination in Chief and thesaid witnesses will be tendered for cross examination on the dates which will befixed later.10.09.1993 Tamil Nadu filed the affidavit of Shri. A.MohanakrishnanTamil Nadu sent a letter to the Advocate of Karnataka giving clarification andinformation on additional particulars regarding observation wells in Thanjavur andSouth Arcot Districts, as required in Karnataka’s letter dated 31.07.1993.Karnataka filed its counter comments to the comments of Tamil Nadu dated30.07.1993 and replies to Tamil Nadu’s note dated 16.07.1993 on the information incommon format supplied by Karnataka.Kerala filed its replies to the comments of Karnataka and Tamil nadu on theinformation in common format supplied by Kerala, together with C.M.P.No.15/93 forcondonation of delay. Kerala also filed C.M.P.No.16/93 for filing additionaldocuments (Volume 37).The Tribunal in its sitting took on record the affidavits filed by the Party States anddirected that they will be treated as their Examination in Chief. The additionaldocuments filed by Kerala (Volume 33 to 36) were taken on record and ordered tobe marked as Exhibits. Regarding the affidavits filed, the parties were given libertyto reverify the contents if necessary.01.10.1993 The Tribunal in its sitting took on record the report of the Assessors dated29.09.1993 in respect of the information submitted by the Party States as per the‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 250 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

common format. The Tribunal also took on recored the two reverified affidavits filedby Kerala and also the document (Volume No.37) filed by Kerala and ordered this tobe marked as Exhibit. The documents filed by Karnataka with reference No.CMPs5/92 and 12/93 were taken on record.The Next date of hearing was fixed as 05.11.1993.06.01.1994 &07.01.1994The cross examination of Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan, first witness on behalf of TamilNadu was commenced by Thiru. Anil B.Divan, Senior Counsel for Karnataka. Thecross examination was continued on 07.01.1994, The next date of sitting was fixedas 16.02.1994.14.02.1994 Karnataka filed C.M.P. No.3/94 with the data in two volumes supplied by Karnatakato the Technical Committees constituted by Government of India in 1976(M.N.Venkatesan Committee) and in 1978 (C.V.Gole Committee).Karnataka Advocate sent a letter to Tamil Nadu Advocate for production of certaindocuments by the witness Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan.16.02.1994 Tribunal sitting, Karnataka filed replies to Tamil Nadu’s CMPs 1 and 2/94 and thesewere first discussed. The Tribunal directed Tamil Nadu to file the 7 project reports insix weeks time. Regarding administration reports, Karnataka stated that what theywanted was the Administration reports of PWD Irrigation Part II-B statistical portionand these are to be furnished by Tamil Nadu. The Tribunal directed Tamil Nadu toinform them in the next sitting regarding the availability of the said AdministrationReports.With reference to C.M.p. No.3/94, on the request of Tamil Nadu, the Tribunaldirected Karnataka to file the report of the Expert Comittee appointed by Karnatakaon the suitability of sites for construction of hydel projects in Cauvery). (This wassubseuquently field on the same day by Karnataka along with a petition which wasnumbered as C.M.P.No.5/94).The cross examination of Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan was continued. The witness filedtwo statements and three maps which were taken on record.The next date of sitting was fixed as 08.03.1994.18.03.1994 Tribunal sitting. Tamil Nadu filed a list of the 77 Administration Reports of PWDIrrigation Part-II available and also stacked them on the desk. The Karnataka statedthat they also require the Part-II-A (Narrative portion) of the AdministrationReports. The Counsel of Tamil Nadu argued that the relevant portion of theAdministration Reports may be suggested by Karnataka after inspection. TheTribunal ordered that liberty is given to the parties to complete the inspection ofthese records within two weeks in the Office of the Registrar and make necessaryapplication. The Tribunal also ordered that in the event these Administration Reportsare not filed by Tamil Nadu, a verified statement indicating the reasons for not filingthe same, shall be filed by Tamil Nadu.On the Karnataka’s counter to C.M.P.No.4/94, the Tribunal directed Tamil Nadu tofile a reply. On C.M.P.No.6/94, the Tribunal disposed of the petition with liberty tomention after the inspection is over.On C.M.P.No.7/94, the Tribunal granted two weeks time for Tamil Nadu to file itsreply.With reference to Karnataka’s letter dated. 17.03.1994 regarding next witness to beput for cross examination, the Counsel for Tamil Nadu strongly protested to this and‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 251 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

said that is the prerogative of the State, which puts up the witnesses, to decide onthe next witness and that it will depend on the availability of the witness at thatpoint of time.The next date of sitting was fixed as 08.04.1994.08.04.1994 Tribunal sitting. Tamil Nadu produced all the Administration Report before theTribunal. The Tribunal directed that inspection of records may be completed withintwo weeks in the office of the Registrar and copies could be made at theconsideration of the Registrar, if asked for by Karnataka at their cost.On C.M.P.4/94, Tamil Nadu produced the original project reports of CauveryReservoir Project, Lower Bhavani Project, Mettur Canal and Cauvery DeltaModernisation Project Report 1985 as called for by Karnataka. In regard to CauveryReservoir Project, the Tribunal gave liberty to the parties to obtain copies of pages37 to 244 of the 1921 Edition of the Project Report said to be available in CentralWater Commission. Regarding other three project reports, the Tribunal directedTamil Nadu to give inspection of the original reports to Karnataka within 2 weeks, inthe Office of the Registrar and liberty given to Karnataka to take photo copies /scanning at their cost.On C.M.P.7/94, rejoinder to be filed by the parties on 11.04.1994 and to be takenup on 12.04.1994.Regarding Administration Reports, the Tribunal observed that as these are mattersof record, the State of Karnataka need not put these in cross examination and canput forth their points in the arguments. The Tribunal suggested to Tamil Nadu toconsider this and file a written statement on 12.04.1994.On the main case, the Tribunal fixed 12 th & 13 th May, 1994 for further crossexamination of Tamil Nadu witness.30.06.1994 Tribunal sitting. On C.M.P.9/94, the Tribunal observed that in as much as Karnatakahas taken copies of the documents (Administration Reports) the C.M.P.does nolonger survive and the same stands disposed of. The original documents(Administration reports) were ordered to be returned to Tamil Nadu.On the mentioning by the Senior Counsel of Tamil Nadu Shri. A.K.Ganguli, that thedocuments filed by the witness of Tamil Nadu during the cross examination byKarnataka (which are already marked as Tamil Nadu Exhibits) should be reallymarked as Karnataka Exhibits, the Tribunal gave oral directions to the Registrar tochange the exhibit marking accordingly.26.09.1994 &27.09.1994Tribunal sitting. Karnataka’s counter to Tamil Nadu’s C.M.P.No.11/94 was taken onrecord. In C.M.P.No.12/94 of Karnataka, the delay was condoned and the C.M.P.disposed of.In the main case, the statement volunteered by Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan, Tamil Naduwitness, at the out-set of the day’s proceedings (regarding discharge data ofKumukkimanniar and South Rajan) was taken as part of his deposition. The crossexamination of Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan by Karnataka was resume and continued.On 27.09.1994 Tamil Nadu filed a rejoinder in C.M.P.No.11/94 which was taken onrecord and the application was granted.Karnataka filed a C.M.P. (No.13/94) requesting for production of project reports ofall the projects of Tamil Nadu. This was listed for 17.10.1994 and reply if any to befiled in the meanwhile.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 252 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

On the main case, the cross examination of Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan by Karnatakawas concluded by 12 noon. Thereafter the cross examination by Thiru. ShanthiBhushan, Senior Counsel for Kerala was commenced and concluded at 2.45 p.m.Afterwards Thiru. A.S.Nambiar, Senior Counsel for Union Territory of Pondicherrycross examined Prof. A.Mohanakrishnan for about 45 minutes. The next date ofhearing was fixed as 17.10.1994 when the cross examination of Dr.B.B.Sundaresan,the Second witness of Tamil Nadu is to be taken up.17.10.1994 Tribunal sitting. In C.M.P.No.7/93, the affidavit of Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa of Karnatakawas taken on record and the C.M.P.disposed of.In C.M.P.No.13/94 Tamil Nadu filed its counter which was taken on record and theC.M.P. adjourned to the next date of hearing; reply if any to be filed in the meantime.The C.M.P.No.14/94 of Karnataka for further cross examination of Prof.A.Mohanakrishnan was posed to the next date of hearing; reply if any to be filed inthe mean time.On the main case, Dr.B.B.Sundaresan, the second witness for Tamil Nadu wastendered for cross examination. The Senior Counsel for Karnataka Thiru. AnilB.Diwan cross examined him in the forenoon session. In the afternoon session,Thiru. Shanthi Bhushan, Senior Counsel for Kerala cross examined him. The UniorTerritory of Pondicherry did not cross examine him. The cross examination ofDr.B.B.Sundaresan was concluded.24.11.1994 Tribunal sitting. Hearing of C.M.P.13, 14 & 15/94 adjourned to the next day.Thiru. R.Rangachari, 3 rd witness of Tamil Nadu, was first cross examined by Thiru.Shanthi Bhushan, Senior Counsel for Kerala, and then by Thiru. Anil B.Diwan, SeniorCounsel for Karnataka. The Counsel for Union Territory of Pondicherry did not crossexamine him. His cross examination was concluded by all the party states.06.01.1995 &07.01.1995Tribunal sitting. On C.M.P.13/94, the Senior Counsel of Karnataka told the Tribunalthat the inspection of project reports has been done by Karnataka and that they willbe filing the inspection notes separately. The C.M.P. was disposed of.Dr.M.S.Swaminathan, the 4 th witness of Tamil Nadu, was cross examined by Thiru.F.S.Nariman, Senior Counsel of Karnataka on 6 th and also the 7 th upto 3.30 p.m.Then Thiru Shanthi Bhushan, Senior Counsel of Kerala cross examinedDr.M.S.Swaminathan. The Counsel for Union Territory of Pondicherry did not crossexamine him. The cross examination of Dr.M.S.Swaminathan was concluded. Thenext date of sitting was fixed as 2 nd and 3 rd February 1995 when the crossexamination of Thiru. T.R.Ramasamy, the next witness of Tamil Nadu is to be takenup.15.02.1995 Tribunal sitting. Dr.S.Krishnamoorthy, 5 th witness of Tamil Nadu was cross examinedby Shri. Anil B.Dhiwan, Senior Counsel of Karnataka.Tamil Nadu Advocate’s letters to Karnataka Advocate one regarding Assessor’s tourand the other regarding delivery of a copy of Thesis of Dr.S.Krishnamoorthy toKarnataka.01.06.1995 Tribunal sitting. In C.M.P.1/95, certian documents produced by Karnataka wereordered to be taken up for inspection on 02.06.1995. Regarding water year books,Karnatka raised objections stating the these are not relevant and if however theseare to be produced, Karnataka also will file an application asking for similar‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 253 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

documents from Tamil Nadu.In C.M.P.2/95, Karnataka produced the project reports of Yagachi, KRSModernisation and Varuna Canal Projects and also the Karnataka Irrigation Act of1965. Both the CMPs were ordered to be listed on the next date of hearing.In C.M.P.3/95, Tamil Nadu agreed to produced the available documents forinspection. Reply to be filed by Tamil Nadu on the next date of hearing.Dr. A.A.Ramasastry, the 7 th wintess of Tamil Nadu, was cross examined by Shri AnilB.Diwan, Senior Counsel for Karnataka. His reverification with revised tablesincorporating the corrections therein, were taken on record. Cross Examination to becontinued on the next date of hearing, which is fixed as 27.07.1995.Two more affidavits filed by Tamil Nadu by the newly added witnesses, one by Shri.V.Chandrasekaran, Chief Engineer (Operation), Tamil Nadu Electricity Board onpower aspects (in lieu of Shri S.Ramasamy who has since retired) and the other byDr.T.N.Balasubramaniam, Professor, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University on droughtaffected areas in Tamil Nadu, were taken on record.27.07.1995 Tribunal sitting. The affidavits, counters and rejoinders in CMPs were taken onrecord and the CMPs posted to the next date of hearing. Replies if any in CMPs 4, 5,and 6/95 to be filed by Tamil Nadu by the next date of hearing.Cross examination of Dr.A.A.Ramasastry, Seventh witness of Tamil Nadu wasresume and concluded by Karnataka and Kerala. The Union Territory of Pondicherrydid not cross examine him.The Senior Counsel for Tamil Nadu informed the Tribunal that as most of the pointsin Thiru S.Nageswaran’s affidavit have been covered in the deposition of the otherwitnesses, Tamil Nadu do not propose to put up Thiru. S.Nageswaran for crossexminations. This was agreed to an the Chairman of Tribunal observed that in thatcase his affidavit will be just recorded and not acted upon.28.09.1995 Tribunal sitting. C.M.P.Nos.1 & 2/95 were disposed of with directions. CMPs Nos.3 &5/95 to stand over.Cross examination of Dr.T.N.Balasubramaniam, the last (9 th ) witness of Tamil Naduwas concluded by Karnataka & Kerala. The Union Territory of Pondicheery did notcross examine him. The next date of sitting was fixed as 02.11.1995 to take up thecross examiantion of Shri. L.S.Andre, the wtiness of the Union Territory ofPondicherry.Tamil Nadu Advocate’s letters to Karnataka Advocate, (1) calling for certaindocuments for taking photocopies, (2) requesting for the name of the Karnataka’sfirst witness, and (3) calling for some additional data of observation wells ofKarnataka.14.12.1995 Tribunal sitting. Tamil Nadu filed an application (C.M.P. No.13/95) as directed by theSupreme Court for emergent release of 30 TMC. Senior Counsel of Tamil Nadu Shri.K.Parasaran argued regarding the urgency. The Tribunal directed that the counter toC.M.P.may be filed the next day and that the Technical Officers of both the Statesmay be filed the next day and that the Technical officers of both the States maymeet the assessors on the next day regarding further technical data to be furnished.The next date for hearing the C.M.P. was fixed as 19.12.1995. The other CMPs werealso posted to the next date of hearing.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 254 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

19.12.1995 The Tribunal heard the CMP No.13/95 and passed orders for release of 11 TMC ofwater by Karnataka to Tamil Nadu forthwith for protection of the standing crops inthe delta area of Tamil Nadu, in addition to the remaining monthly releases in termsof the interim order dated 25.06.1991.The next date of hearing was fixed as 31.01.1996.16.04.1996 Tribunal sitting. The Tribunal passed orders on the C.M.P.No.1/96 filed by Karnatakaseeking deferment of the proceedings initially for 3 months. The Tribunal observedthat the developments upon which the State of Karnataka has relied upon, do notfurnish any cogent ground for postponement practically for an indefinite periodfurther proceedings of the Tribunal and agreeing with the submissions of the seniorCounsel of Tamil nadu, Kerala and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, dismissed thepeition.On C.M.P.9/95, the Tribunal observed that the State of Karnataka has stated that noproject reports have been prepared by them regarding diversion of west flowingrivers and the relevant papers have already been filed in the Tribunal. The Tribunalgave liberty to the parties to make appropriate prayer at the time of the crossexamination of the Karnataka Witnesses and the determination of Issue No.20. Theyalso gave 8 weeks time to Karnataka for production of correspondence regarding theobjections raised by the people, ecologists and environmentalists for diversion ofwest flowing rivers.05.07.1996 Tribunal held a sitting because of changed circumstances. The Tribunal said thatHon’ble Mr.Justice Chittatosh Mookerjee. Chairman of the Tribunal has resigned witheffect from 01.07.96 and hence the Tribunal sitting will not take place until furtherorders.Tamil Nadu Government’s letter to the Registrar of the Tribunal intimating theappointment of Thiru. V.Krishnamoorthy as the advocate on record of theGovernment of Tamil Nadu in the place of Thiru. E.C.Agarwala.07.01.1997 to10.01.1997Tribunal sitting. Opening of case by Thiru.K.Parasaran, Senior Counsel, on behalf ofTamil Nadu, from 07.01.1997 upto 08.01.1997-2.15 pm.Opening of case the Thiru. F.S.Nariman, Senior Counsel, on behalf of Karnatakaupto 09.01.1997-3.45 pm.Opening of case by Thiru Milan Banerjee, Senior Counsel, on behalf of Kerala upto10.01.1997 – 3.30 p.m.Opening of case by Thiru. A.S.Nambiar, Senior Counsel, on behalf of Union Territoryof Pondicherry, upto 10.01.1997 – 4.00 p.m.07.05.1997 Tribunal sitting. All the pending CMPs were heared and orders passed.C.M.P.5/96 - To be considered at the time of final hearing.C.M.P.6/96 – To come up in August 1997.C.M.P.7/96 – Dismissed as having become infructuous.C.M.P.8/96 – Petition by Tamil Nadu for condonation of delay in filling the counter toC.M.P.6/96 – Delay condoned.C.M.P.1/97 – Documents sought for, to be supplied by 30.06.1997.C.M.P.2/97 – Documents agreed to be mutually exchanged within three weeks.C.M.P.3/97 – Available documents to be supplied within four weeks.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 255 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

C.M.P.4/97 – Affidavit taken on record subject to all just objections includingrelevancy thereof.C.M.P.5/97 – Dismissed.Karnataka Advocate’s letter to Tamil Nadu Advocate (in reply to letter dated06.05.1997) furnishing working sheets etc. as called for.20.01.1998 &21.01.1998Tribunal sitting. Dr.I.C.Mahapatra, Second witness of Karnataka was administeredoath and his affidavit was taken as Examination-in-Chief. The witness was asked toread his affidavit and present the same, which he did.31.12.1998 Notification by Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources, appointing Shri.M.K.Mahajan as Assistant Registrar, Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal.05.10.1999 Tribunal Sitting. The CMPs were heard and disposed of as follows :CMP 20/92 : By Karnataka regarding reassessment of flows in the basin. To beconsidered at the stage of final hearing of the case.CMP 05/96 : By Karnataka for taking on record the report of Dr.Y.K.AlaghCommittee. As already ordered on 7.5.97, to be considered at the stage of finalhearing of the case.CMP 06/97 : By Kerala regarding diversion of Kabini Water to Taraka & seekingdirections to Karnataka to abide by the Interim Order of the Tribunal. Application notallowed. Apportionment to Kerala to be considered at the time of final disposal of theproceeding. Kerala Counsel said if necessary Kerala shall approach the CauveryRiver Authority constituted on 11.08.1998. The Tribunal said they are not expressingany opinon on this question.CMP 01/98 : By Tamil Nadu regarding Sivasamudram Seasonal Power Scheme. TheTribunal granted 4 weeks time to Tamil Nadu for filing rejoinder to the counter ofKarnataka.CMP 04/98 : By Karnataka for condonation of delay in filing counter in CMP 1/98.Delay condoned & Petition allowed.CMP 05/98 : By Karnataka for taking on record the project Report ofSivasamudram Seasonal Power Scheme, 1987. Petition allowed and the projectreport taken on record and marked as Karnataka DOC, Vol.58.05.07.2001 Tribunal sitting. on CMP 2/2001, the Tribunal ordered that CMP be allowed on justexceptions and the affidavit of Dr.E.J.James taken on record. However thedocuments referred to in page 7of Vol;ll under “reference” and documentsenumerated in the bio data from pages 8-29 shall not be deemed to have becomepart of the records.06.05.2002 In the main case, Thiru. F.S.Nariman, Senior Counsel of Karnataka, started thearguments in respect of Group No.1.22.07.2002 Karnataka filed CMP 3/2002 claiming distress conditions in the Cauvery basin ofKarnataka and seeking directions.24.07.2002 Tribunal sitting. In the Tamil Nadu’s application CMP 1/ 2002, for re-calling the orderpassed by the Tribunal on 06.05.2002 on the Tribunal observed that they do not findany compelling reason for recall of the said order and that it was open to advancearguments in respect of those documents on merits.In CMP 2//2002, the Tribunal directed that the documents enclosed therein be‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 256 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

ought on record and marked as Kar.Exh.No.516, in Vol.63, subject to all justexception and the CMP disposed of accordingly.In CMP 3/2002, Tamil Nadu stated that reply shall be filed on 29.07.2002. TheTribunal directed that rejoinder, if any, be filed by 02.08.2002 and the petition willbe taken up for orders on the same day.In the main case, Kerala continued its arguments in Group No.102.08.2002 Tribunal sitting. In CMP No.3/2002 the Tribunal made reference to the suitO.S.No.3/2002 filed by Tamil Nadu along with I.A.No.1 before the Supreme Court,making a grievance about non-compliance of the Interim Order of the Tribunal, andthe orders passed by the Supreme court on 29.07.2002 and stated that in view ofthe fact that the Supreme Court is examining the grievance of Tamil Nadu, theTribunal cannot entertain this petition. The CMP was accordingly disposed of. TheTribunal also stated that while implementing the Interim Order, no authority orCommittee should await the final award yet to be given by this Tribunal.In CMP No.4/2002 the Tribunal directed that the documents enclosed with theapplication be brought on record and marked as T.N.Exh.No.1662 in Vol.44, subjectto all just exceptions and the CMP was disposed of.06.01.2003 Tamil Nadu filed CMP 1 of 2003 praying for an order of injunction restraining theState of Kerala from proceeding with the execution / implementation of construct ofa weir across Bhavani near Mukkali in Kerala.07.01.2003 Govt. of India Notification appointing Shri Justice Suddhir Narayan. Agarwal, Judgeof the Allahabad High Court, as a Member of the Tribunal in the place of Shri JusticeS.D.Agarwala.04.02.2003 Tribunal sitting. Thiru. C.S.Vaidyanathan, Senior Counsel for Tamil Naducommenced the opening of case and summary of arguments relating to Group No.1in view of the appointment of Justice Shri. Sudhir Narain as Member of the Tribunalin the place of Justice Shri. S.D.Agarwala.13.03.2003 Tribunal sitting. In CMP 1 & 2 / 2003, Tamil Nadu concluded the arguments. Theorders were reserved by the Tribunal.In the main case. Tamil Nadu continued its opening of case.31.03.2003 Tribunal sitting. Thiru. R.Muthukumarasamy, Additional Advocate General of TamilNadu concluded the opening of case and summary of issues in Group-1. TheTribunal then directed that their need not be any separate opening of case by theother States and the bench, after going through the notes relating to Group-1, mayseek any clarifications from the Senior Counsel of Karnataka and Kerala at a laterdate if necessary.In CMP 1 & 2 / 2003 the Tribunal sought some clarifications from the Kerala Counselregarding the provision for water supply in the original proposal.02.04.2003 Tribunal sitting. In CMP 1 & 2/2003, the Tribunal delivered the orders that the Stateof Kerala shall not proceed with the construction of the weir across Bhavani river atMukkali during the pendency of the adjudication by the Tribunal and the status quoas on 07.02.2003 will be maintained.01.04.2004 Kerala filed a C.M.P.(No.1/2004) to restrain TamilNadu from proceeding with theconstruction of the check dam being constructed across Noolpuzha in Gudalur Taluk,‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 257 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Nilgiris district by Tamil Nadu.15.04.2004 Tamil Nadu filed a C.M.P (No.2/2004) to restrain the State of Karnataka fromproceeding with the construction of projects and through the Cauvery NeeravariNigam Limited.02.08.2004 to05.08.2004Tribunal Sitting. Tamil Nadu continued its arguments in respect of Group 3 issues.On 3 rd , Mr.Justice N.S.Rao and Mr.Justice Sudhir Narain, Members of the Tribunal,passed two orders, one indicating the compostion of the teram for inspection of theCauvery basin and the other, in reply to certain point raised in the order passed bythe Chairman of the Tribunal on 06.07.2004.On hearing this, the Chairman of the Tribunal passed on order in reply.The two members of the Tribunal again passed another order in reply to theChairman’s order.19.08.2004 The Gandhi Sahithya Sangha of Karnataka filed as SLP in the Supreme Court inregard to the orders dated 06.07.2004, 23.07.2004 and 03.08.2004 of the membersof the Tribunal and the Chairman of the Tribunal.20.08.2004 The Supreme Court bench, consisting of Mrs.Justice Ruma Pal and Mr.JusticeDharmadhikari, granted leave to file the SLP and directed to defer the proposedinspection of the Cauvery basin by the two members of the Tribunal by ten days andto list the matter after a week.26.10.2004 Supreme Court bench consisting of Justice Mrs. Rumapal and JusticeMr.Dharmadhikari delivered their judgement in their above SLP observing that theapplicant has no locus standi and dismissing the SLP.12.07.2005 Ministry of Water Resources, in Notification No.S.O.980 (E) dated 12.07.2005,extended the period of submission of report and decision by the CWDT for a furtherperiod of one year with effect from 6 th August 2005.18.04.2006 to21.04.2006Tribunal sitting.Karnataka continued its reply arguments to Tamil Nadu’s Rejoinderarguments and completed on 21.04.2006.Tamil Nadu gave their reply to the reply arguments of Karnataka on 20.04.2006.The State of Kerala and the Union Territory of Pondicherry gave their replyarguments on 21.04.2006 and concluded. Thus all the arguments on all the issuesby all the party States were concluded on 21.04.2006 and the Tribunal recoreded soin their order.On 21.04.2006 when the Tribunal sat, it was indicated in the cause list that orderson water requirement will be pronounced by the two members of the Tribunal andthe Chairman. The Counsel of all the four party States gave a written statement thatthey may be heard before passing any orders by the Tribunal. Thereafter JusticeN.S.Rao and Justice Sudhir Narain pronounced their (tentative) order suggestingconstitution of an Expert Committee of three Experts (two Agronomists and oneMeteorologist) for assessing crop water requirement, in addition to the existing twoassessors. The Committee would give their report in three months and the partyStates would be given an opportunity to see the report and submit their comments.The learned Counsel of the party States were directed to submit their views on thisorder in writing within a week and the matter was posed to 5 th May for furtherconsideration.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 258 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

The Chairman of the Tribunal pronounced an order opposing the constitution of theExpert Committee at this stage as it will only delay the proceedings of the Tribunaland it will not be practicable for any Committee to submit a report within threemonths and it will take much longer time.10.05.2006 Tribunal sitting. The two members of the Tribunal, Justice N.S.Rao and JusticeSudhir Narain, did not confirm their earlier order dated 21 st April. The pronouncedan order directing that the report of the Assessors in regard to the waterrequirement of the party States be taken on record and copies thereof supplied tothe party States forthwith for offering their comments there on within 5 weeks andfurther submit their cross comments if any within 3 weeks.The Chairman of the Tribunal Justice N.P.Singh opposed the order of the twomembers on the plea that if the advice of the Assessors, which has been acceptedby him, is made pubic, if would amount to making public his views which wouldotherwise have gone in the final award. He expressed the view that Tribunal shouldgive its final decision as early as possible.27.07.2006 Tribunal sitting. The two Members of the Tribunal referred to the response given bythe party States to the Assessors’ Reports and their counter comments, and passedan order stating that in view of the clarification made by the Assessors, the questionof supplying copies of any note or report regardind ground water and surface waterdoes not arise and that separate order in respect to report / decision under section5(2) of the ISWD Act, 1956 is being passed.Thereupon, the Chairman of the Tribunal read an order of the Tribunal stating thatarguments of the parties have been already concluded on 21.04.2006 and that orderin respect to report / decision under section 5(2) of the ISWD Act is reserved.05.02.2007 Tribunal Sitting. The Tribunal pronounced its final order in respect of Report /Decision under section 5(2) of the ISWD Act, 1956. The Report is in 5 volumesbesides a plan volume.By another order the Tribunal disposed of all the pending CMPs as infructuous inview of the Final Order.19.02.2007ResolutionAll party meeting by the Chief Minister of Tamil NaduFollowing resolution was passed:fhtphp eLth; kd;wk; 05.02.2007 md;W mspj;j ,Wjp Mizapy; cs;s rhjf ghjfq;fs;tphpthf tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ. tpthjj;jpw;F gpd;> ,e;j Mizapd; kPJ Njitahdeltbf;iffisAk; gl;baypl;L> rl;l ty;Yeh;fSld; kw;Wk; nghwpahsh;fSlDk;fye;jhNyhrpj;J> mth;fs; toq;Fk; MNyhridf;Nfw;g> jkpof kf;fspd; eyed ghJfhf;Fk;tifapy; 1956-Mk; Mz;L gd;khepy ejpePh; jhth rl;lk; gphpT 5(3)-d; fPo; xU kDtpid fhtphpeLth; kd;wj;jpd; Kd; jkpo;ehL jhf;fy; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd midj;Jf; fl;rp jiyth;fspd;,e;j $l;lk; KbT nra;fpwJ.02.03.2007 AIADMK and MDMK Mp’s memorandum to Prime Minister to notify the final orderimmediately.08.03.2007 M/S. Cauvery Water Users Association of Bangalore and three others filed a W.P. inthe Supreme Court (W.P.No.164/2007) praying to (i) issue a writ of Certiorari,quashing the report of the CWDT and its final order dated 05.02.2007, (ii) strikedown Art. 262 (2) of the Constitution of India, holding it to be violative of the basicfeatures of the Constituion, and (iii) strike down setc. 11 of the ISWD ACt, 1956,holding it as unconstitutional and void.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 259 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

13.03.2007 Karnataka MPs memorandum to the Prime Minister not to publish the final order ofthe CWDT.21.03.2007 Tamil Nadu MPs’ memorandum (led by the Minister for Public Works) to the PrimeMinsiter to take appropriate action as per law.15.04.2007ResolutionAll Party Meeting convened by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister.Following resolution was passed.fhNthp eLth; kd;wk; jkpofj;jpw;Fr; rhjfkhd epiyapy; jPH;g;G toq;fptpl;ljhf fh;ehlfk;jtwhff; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;L> mij cr;r ePjpkd;wk; nrd;W jil nra;tjw;Fk;> murpjopy;gjpT nra;tijj; jLg;gjw;Fk; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.jkpofj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Kjypy; eLth; kd;wj;jpw;F ekJ chpikfisAk; NjitfisAk;typAWj;jp tpsf;fk; NfhUk; kW Ma;T kD jhf;fy; nra;J tpl;L> mjd; gpd;dh; Njitg;gl;lhy;ehKk; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; KiwaPL nra;tJ vd;Wk; ,e;jf; $l;lj;jpy; KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.24.04.2007 Cabinet Meeting. The Cabinet decided to file Special Leave Petitions before theSupreme Court of India at the appropriate time after filing 5(3) Petition before theCauvery Water Disputes Tribunal.07.05.2007 The SLP No.7808/2007 of Karnataka, SLP No.8413/2007 by Kerala, and two otherSLPs (No.4324/2007 and 4576 / 2007) and SLP D.No.13569/2007 (of Tamil Nadu)came up for hearing before the Supreme Court bench consisting of Hon’bleMr.Justice S.B.Sinha and Hon’ble Mr.Jusitce Markandey Katju. The bench grantedleave in all the matters and directed that keeping in view the importance of thequestion involved, these matters may be heard by a larger bench.17.05.2007 SLP No.8818 / 2007 (Civil Appeal No.2456 of 2007) was called on for hearing beforethe Supreme Court bench consisting of Hon’ble Mr.Justice H.K.Sema and Hon’bleMr.Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta. The bench did not pass any order in view of theletter circulated.10.07.2007 Tribunal sitting. In regard to the petitions for reference under Section 5 (3) of theAct filed by the party States and Union Territory of Pondicherry and the CentralGovernment, the Tribunal took note of the SLPs filed by the party States in theSupreme Court and observed that since the Supreme Court has granted SpecialLeave and the appeals are pending, these application for reference under Section 5(3) should be listed for orders after the disposal of the appeals by the SupremeCourt.28.07.2008 The C.A.Nos.2453, 2454 & 2456/2007 along with the I.A. filed by the Government ofIndia came up for hearing before the Supreme Court bench consisting of the Hon’bleChief Justice Mr.K.G.Balakrishnan and Mr.Justice P.Sathasivam the bench allowedthe I.A. for impleadment filed by the union of India. The Court directed that the casemay be posted in November 2008 before a larger bench for final hearing.11.07.2009 D.O.letter of Thiru. K.S.Sripathi, Chief Secretary to Thiru. Sudhakar Rao. Karnatakais requested to start the release of water from its reservoirs as per the interim orderof the Tribunal dt.25.6.1991 and make good the shortfall and also to ensure inreleasing water in the following months / weeks as per the Tribunal interim order.17.7.2009 Thiru. S.Ramasundaram, IAS, Principal secretary met the Principal Secretary, WRDKarnataka and requested to relased water from Karnataka reservoirs in terms of theinterim order of the CWDT and to make good the deficit.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 260 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

21.7.2009 Hon’ble chief Minister made a Statement under Rule 110 of the Legislative AssemblyRules to the effect that the Mettur Dam will be thrown open for Samba cultivationfrom 7.8.2009 (Friday) onwards.3.8.2009 Tamil Nadu filed an Additional Affidavit in the Supreme Court. It is prayed to grantand interim order restraining the State of Karnataka from executing theShivasamudhram Hydro Electric Project till the disposal of the Civil Appeals by theSupreme Court and the applications for clarification pending before the Tribunal.10.8.2009 D.O. from Thiru. K.S.Sripathi, IAS, Chief secretary to Thiru. Umesh Narayan Panjiar,Secretary to GOI, MOWR requesting to prevail upon the Karntaka Government torelease water from its reservoirs as per the interim order of the CWDT dated25.6.1991 and to make good the shortfall that has accrued upto 7.8.2009 andfurther continue to relase water as per the Tribunal’s interim order in the comingdays.10.08.2009 D.O. from Thiru. K.S.Sripathi, IAS, Chief Secretary to Thiru. Sudhakar Rao, IAS,Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka stating that it may not be diffuclt forKarnataka to relase water as per the pattern presecribed in the interm order and tomake good the shortfall as of 7.8.2009 and also to ensure further released of wateras per the interim order of the Tribunal in the coming days.17.08.2009 D.O. from Thiru. M.Karunanidhi, Hon’ble C.M. to Thiru. B.S.Yeddyurappa, Hon’bleC.M.Karnataka stating that Karnataka will not have any difficulty to released wateras prescribed by the Tribunal and make good the shortfalls of about 20 TMC. The CMof Karnataka has been requested to order immediate released of water fromKarnataka reservoirs, to make good the shortfall of about 20 TMC as on 17.08.2009and ensure further release in terms of the interim order of the Tribunal.21.08.2009 I.A.No.10/2008 in Civil Appeal No.2453/2007 and other connected appeals relatingto Shivasamudram HEP of Karnataka was mentioned before the Chief Justice andJustice Thiru. P.Sathasivam Supreme Court informing that Karnataka is unilaterallyproceeding with the Project and hence the urgency to mention. The Supreme Courtordered to issue notice and directed Karnataka to file its reply. The I.A. is to comeup after Three weeks.The order of the Supreme Court is :Taken on Board. Issue notice returnable within a period of three weeks. Dastiservice, in addition, is permitted.21.08.2009 The Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources was requested to convene themeeting of the Cauvery River Authority so as to give directions to the Governmentof Karnataka to ensure that the releases are made in terms of the interm order ofthe Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal and to make good the shortfall in therealization of flows in Mettur Dam.10.09.2009 Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd., filed an I.A. in the Supreme Court seekingpermission to intervene in the petition and oppose the application filed by TamilNadu for grant of temporary interim injunction to restrain Shivasamudram andMekadatu Projects and grant such other and further reliefs as are just.12.9.2009 D.O. Thiru. K.S. Sripathy, IAS, Chief Secy. to Thiru Umesh Narayan Panjiar, Secy. toGol, MOWR requesting to prevail upon the Karnataka Govemment to ensure that thereleases are made strictly in accordance with the interim order of the Tribunal and to‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 261 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

make good the shortfall, since at present the interim order of the Tribunal dated25.6.1991 is still in force.29.9.2009 The application filed by Tamil Nadu (I.A.No.10/2009 in Civil Appeal No.2453/2007)on Shivasamudram and the intervention petition filed by Karnataka PowerCorporation came up for hearing and the courd adjoumed the matter to the firstweek of December, 2009. In the meantime, Karnataka is to file the fresh affidavitand Tamil Nadu to file Rejoinder affidavit.4.12.2009 24th meeting of the Cauvery Monitoring Committee was held in New Delhi.24.8.2010 25th Meeting of the Cauvery Monitoring Committee held in NewDelhi.(21340/csp1/2010)29.8.2010 D.O. from Thiru M.Karunanidhi, Hon”ble Chief Minister to Dr. Manmohan Singh,Hon”ble Prime Minister of India for convening the Cauvery River Authority meetingfor deciding the releases to be made by Karnatake as per the interim order of theTribunal as well as to make good the deficit that had accrued so far finalizing theDistress. sharing formula evolved by the Central Water Commission and the furtherreleases to be made by Karnataka as per the interim order of the Tribunal. It hasbeen requested to intervene and persuade the Hon’ble Chief Minister, Karnataka torelease water in terms of the interim order of the Tribunal or at least in the firstinstance to release as per the distress sharing formula of the CWC.1.11.2010 D.O. from Tmt. S.MALATHI, I.A.S, Chief Secretary to Government of Tamil Nadu toThiru Umesh Narayan Panjiyar, Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of WaterResources, requesting him, as Member-Secretary of Cauvery River Authority tokindly take steps to convene the meeting of the Cauvery River Authorityimmediately.7.2.2011 From the Deputy Commissioner (BM), Government of India, Ministry of WaterResources to the C.S, T.N. communicating the minutes of the meeting held on28.1.2011. In this, it is concluded as follows:-“If was decided in the meeting that CWC would evolve a formula keeping in view thepoints raised by both the States and circulate it to both the States for theircomments. After getting the comments form both the States, CMC meeting will becalled shortly to discuss it and the result of the discussion will be referred to CRA”.7.6.2011 kh©òäF Kjyik¢r® mt®fŸ 7.6.2011 m‹W r£lk‹w¥ nguit éthj¤Âš më¤j gÂšm¿¡iffhéç eLt® k‹w¤Â‹ ÏWÂ¤ Ô®¥ig eilKiw¥gL¤Jtj‰F, Kjyhtjhf vL¡fnt©oaelto¡if, mjid k¤Âa muÁjêš btëæl¢brŒa nt©L«. It has to be notified in theCentral gazette.14.6.2011 Hon’ble Chief Minister presented a Memorandum to Hon’ble Prime Minister in NewDelhi on various issues. On Cauvery Water Dispute, the following are the requests:-1) To instruct the Ministry of Water Resources to take immediate steps to notifythe final award dated 5.2.2007 of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in theGazttee of India, and2) To place in position “the Cauvery Management Board” for the implementation ofthe award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in letter and spirit.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 262 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

4.8.2011 Budget 2011-2012. Speech of the Minister of FinanceThiru. O.Panneerselvam.Para 44: “This Government will insist that the Ministry of Water Resources shouldtake immediate steps to notify in the Gazette of India the final award dated5.2.2007 of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal. We will also insist on theconstitution of the Cauvery Management Board for the implementation of the awardof the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in letter and spirit.”17.10.2011D.O. fromC.M. to P.M.D.O. from Hon’ble Chief Minister to Hon’ble Prime Minister stating thatnotwithstanding the pendency of the Civil Appeals and the Reference Petitions andwithout prejudice to the outcome of these petitions in the Supreme Court and theTribunal, the Final Order of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal dated 5.2.2011should be published in the Gazette of India as required under section 6(1) of theInter State River Water Disputes Act,1956. Hence, instructions may be issued tothe Ministry of Water Resources to publish the Final Order of the Cauvery WaterDisputes Tribunal dated 5.2.2007 in the Gazette of India and place the CauveryManagement Board in position immediately.17.10.2011 Letter from Chief Secretary, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry ofWater ResourcesGovernment of Tamil Nadu requests the Government of India to notify the FinalOrder of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal dated 5.2.2007 at the earliest withoutprejudice to the pendency of Civil Appeals in the Supreme Court as well as thefurther report, if any, to be furnished by the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal on theapplications filed by the Party States and the Government of India under Section 5(3) of the said Act.This Government further request that the Cauvery Management Board may beplaced in position as recommended by the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in itsFinal Order dated 5.2.2007 for the purposes of securing compliance with andimplementation of its final decisions and directions.13.1.2012 D.O. from Thiru. Pawan Kumar Bansal, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and WaterResources, GoI to Hon’ble Chief Minister stating that he had requested the ChiefMinister of Karnataka to ensure sufficient releases of water from Karnatakareservoirs to make good atleast a part of the deficit in the inflows into Mettur. Asregards publication of the final order dated 5.2.2007, party States including TamilNadu have filed Special Leave Petitions in the Supreme Court against the said orderof the Tribunal. The Court has granted leave and these petitions are underconsideration of the Supreme Court. Union Ministry of Water Resources has alsobeen impleaded and has filed affidavit in the Supreme Court that as per Section 11of the Inter State Water Disputes Act, 1956,neither the Supreme Court nor anyother Court shall have or exercise jurisdiction in respect of any water dispute thatmay be referred to the Tribunal under the Act. The matter is being heard by a threejudgeBench. It would be appropriate to consider notification of Order dt.5.2.2007 ofCauvery Water Disputes Tribunal once the matter is disposed of by the SupremeCourt.21.3.2012 Letter from the Chief Secretary to Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources dated21.3.2012The Government of Tamil Nadu are of the firm view that there is no‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 263 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

impediment for the Central Government in publishing the Final Order of theTribunal, though the appeals may be pending in the Hon’ble Supreme Courtof India.The framing of scheme is not dependent on the publication of the decisionin the Gazette of India.Government of Tamil Nadu would request that the decision of the Tribunalmay be notified and in any case the Cauvery Management Board may beconstituted immediately.17.4.2012I.A. filed inthe SupremeCourtIn Civil Appeal No. 2456 of 2007, Tamil Nadu filed an I.A. in the Supreme Court ofIndia with the following prayers:-(a)direct the Government of India to perform its obligations by publishing theFinal Order dated 5.2.2007 of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal; (in thealternative)and(b)direct the Government of India to constitute a Cauvery Management Boardto effectively implement the said Final Order of the Tribunal.5.12.2012 I.A.No.5 & 6 of 2012 hearing resumed.HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D.K. JAINHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MADAN B. LOKURO R D E R“ xxx …… Learned counsel appearing for all the concerned States point out thatdespite a Statutory mandate, stipulated in the Inter State Water Disputes Act,1956, the final decision dated 5th February, 2007, rendered by the Tribunal, has notyet been notified by the Central Government. We have requested Mr. Rawal to seekinstructions as to within how much time the said decision shall be notified.….. xxxx ”Call the applications for further orders on 10 th December, 2012, at the end of theBoard.10.12.2012I.A.No.5 & 6 of 2012 hearing resumed.HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D.K. JAINI.A. Nos. 5 &6 HearingHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MADAN B. LOKURO R D E RA Copy of the proceedings of the 31st Meeting of the Cauvery Monitoring Committee(CMC) held on 7 th December, 2012, has been placed before us. The same is takenon record.It seems that both the States are dissatisfied with the order passed by the CMC.However, at this juncture, without commenting on the merits of the said report, weleave it to the parties to work out their remedy for redressal of their grievance inaccordance with law.We may, however, record that learned senior counsel appearing for the State ofKarnataka have fairly stated that, subject to the State taking recourse to anappropriate remedy to challenge the directions issued by the CMC, the State shallcomply with the said order.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 264 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

List for further directions on 4th January, 2013.22.12.2012 D.O. letter dated 22.12.2012 addressed by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu toHon’ble Prime Minister of IndiaGovernment of India notified the Interim Order of the Tribunal on 10th December,1991, even when a Clarificatory Petition was pending before the Tribunal and a Suitand SLP were pending in the Supreme Court against the Interim Order of theTribunal. On the same analogy, the Final Order of the Cauvery Water DisputesTribunal should be notified immediately.I hope that you will consider the plight of the farmers and agricultural labourers ofTamil Nadu and instruct the Ministry of Water Resources to notify the Final Order ofthe Tribunal forthwith.I shall be thankful for your urgent action in this matter. Expecting an immediatefavourable reply. ”PRESS RELEASEP.R. No. 768 Date:22.12.201227.12.2012 Extracts of Speech delivered by Hon’ble Chief Minister during the 57 th Meeting of theNational Development Council held in New Delhi on 27.12.2012:Para 6 : The Central Government has been completely ineffective in playing itsconstitutional role in ensuring the Final award of the Cauvery Water DisputesTribunal is duly notified so that it can be implemented and the rights of Tamil Naduas lower riparian State are protected.Para 20: Irrigation is a very important issue. We have repeatedly appealed to theCentral Government, in vain, to ensure justice for Tamil Nadu in inter-state riverwater sharing issues including Cauvery, Pennaiyar, Mullaiperiyar dam and Attapadidam issues.4.2.2013 I.A.1 in No.5 & 6 of 2012 hearing resumed.HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D.K. JAINHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MADAN B. LOKURThere is conflicting stand of the two States - Tamil Nadu and Karnataka - on theissue of standing crop.According to Tamil Nadu, as of today, 6 Lakh Acres of its delta region is under singlesamba paddy crop. 3 Lakh Acres of this area will require two wetting and theremaining 3 Lakh Acres one wetting and in all the requirement of water for this cropis 9 TMC.In the affidavit filed by Karnataka today, it is stated that about 40% of the area hasalready been harvested. In 50% of the area the crop is ready for harvest. As regardsremaining 10% of the area, it is stated that it is at the stage of physiologicalmaturity and even in this area no water is required as the crop is in maturity stage.Having regard to the above controversy, we are of the view that the Chairman,Central Water Commission (CWC) may be requested to appoint an ExpertCommittee of three members who shall visit the subject area - delta region of TamilNadu comprising of Thiruvaroor, Tanjavur and Nagapathanam districts and report tothis Court about the status of paddy crop in that area latest by February 6, 2013before the Court closes.In the meanwhile, Tamil Nadu may release 2 TMC water from its storage to save the‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 265 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

standing crop. It is made clear that irrespective of the report that may be given bythe Expert Committee, Karnataka shall have to release 2 TMC of water to replenishMettur.The Registry shall send this order to the Chairman, CWC by e-mail as well as informhim telephonically forthwith.The final decision was given by the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) onFebruary 5, 2007. The final decision has not been notified so far. On January 4,2013, this Court noted the agreement of concerned States that they did not haveany objection to the final decision by CWDT being notified without prejudice to theirrights and contentions raised in the pending Appeals. This Court also noted thestatementof Mr. H.P. Raval, learned Additional Solicitor General that the final decision by theCentral Government for publication is expected by January 31, 2013.Section 6 of the Inter State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 mandates the CentralGovernment to publish the decision of the Tribunal in the official gazette. Althoughno time frame is provided for publication of such decision by the Tribunal, but inabsence thereof, publication has to be done within reasonable time. Since more thanfive years have already elapsed, we direct the Central Government to publish inofficial gazettee the final decision given by CWDT dated February 5, 2007 as early asmay be possible and in no case later than February 20, 2013.Needless to say that publication of the final decision of CWDT in official gazette shallbe without prejudice to the pending proceedings.22.2.2013C.M. to P.M.D.O. letterD.O. letter dated 22.2.2013 addressed by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu toHon’ble Prime Minister of India:-I request you to kindly ensure that the Ministry of Water Resources constitutes aCauvery Management Board and a Cauvery Water Regulation Committee forthwith,so as to give effect to all the provisions of the Final Order of the Tribunal.25.2.2013 D.O.Letter dated: 25-2-2013 from Secretary, Public Works Department, toSecretary to Government of India,Ministry of Water Resources:-I request you to kindly take immediate steps to constitute the Cauvery ManagementBoard and Cauvery Water Regulation Committee as requested by our Hon’ble ChiefMinister so that the Final Order of the Tribunal is implemented in letter and spirit.18.3.2013I.A.No.5/2013 inC.A.No.2456/2007The Government of Tamil Nadu filed an Interlocutory Application in the SupremeCourt with the following prayers:-1. direct the Central Government to constitute the Cauvery Management Board2. direct the Ministry of Water Resources to place in position the CauveryManagement Board and the Cauvery Water Regulation Committee at the earliest22.4.2013 I.A.No.5/2013 in C.A. No.2456/2007 is listed for hearing before the Benchcomprising of MR. Justice R.M. Lodha and Mr. Justice Kurian Joseph.Order: Let notice of I.A. No. 5 of 2013 be issued to the respondents.The above respondents may file their written response to I.A.No.5 of 2013 withinten days.Rejoinder affidavit, if any, may be filed by the State of Tamil Nadu within three days‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 266 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

thereafter.List I.A. No.5 of 2013 on May 7, 2013.10.05.2013 I.A.No.5 of 2013 in C.A.No.2456 of 2007 came up for hearing before the Bench ofHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE R.M. LODHA and HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE KURIAN JOSEPHO R D E RThe arrangement made hereunder is purely pro tem measure for the purpose ofensuring implementation of the final order of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunaldated February 5, 2007, now notified vide Notification dated February 19, 2013 :-(a) A Supervisory Committee is constituted for implementation of the final orderdated February 5, 2007 as notified vide Notification dated February 19,2013. The Supervisory Committee shall consist of the Secretary, UnionMinistry of Water Resources as Chairman and the Chief Secretaries of therespective States of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Union Territory ofPuducherry as Members.(b) In case of any doubt or difficulty, the Chairman, Supervisory Committee and, ifnecessary, any of the parties may apply to this Court for appropriatedirections with notice to the other States and the Union Territory.It is clarified that the above arrangement is without prejudice to thepending Civil Appeals, namely, Civil Appeal Nos. 2453 of 2007, 2454 of 2007and 2456 of 2007.Liberty to the Central Government to apply for modification of the abovearrangement as and when necessary.Interlocutory Application No. 5 of 2003 stands disposed of accordingly.17.5.2013 D.O.from Hon’ble Chief Minister to Hon’ble Prime Minister for formation of theCauvery Management Board and the Cauvery Water Regulation Committee.I, therefore, exhort you to order the Ministry of Water Resourdes to constitute theCauvery Management Board and tahe Cauvery Water Regulation Committee withoutany further delay.‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 267 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013



Roll Of Honour : Superintending Engineers of Trichirapalli CircleSL.NONAME FROM TO1 W.HUGHES ESQ -10-1895 -10-18962 LT.COL.O.V.BODDY R.E -10-1896 20-04-19023 F.J.WILSON ESQ 21-04-1902 16-12-19024 C.J.USSHER ESQ 17-12-1902 31-03-19055 C.A.SMITH ESQ 01-04-1905 06-04-19066 S.B.MURRAY ESQ 07-04-1906 01-11-19067 S.D.PEARS ESQ 02-11-1906 27-03-19978 C.W.WOOD ESQ 28-03-1907 03-11-19079 J.H.MEDLICOTT ESQ 04-11-1907 29-11-190810 H.E.CLERK ESQ 30-11-1908 22-09-190911 T.W.S SMYTH ESQ 23-09-1909 02-12-190912 H.E.CLERK ESQ 03-12-1909 19-03-191013 T.W.S.SMYTH ESQ 20-03-1910 18-09-191014 J.M.PARKER ESQ 19-09-1910 01-10-191015 C.MILDRED ESQ 02-10-1910 29-08-191116 J.M.LACEY ESQ 30-08-1911 03-12-191117 S.B.MURRAY ESQ 04-12-1911 13-01-191418 M.R.KHAREGAT ESQ 14-01-1914 26-09-191419 C.MILDRED ESQ 27-09-1914 06-10-191520 M.R.RY RAO BAHADUR L.D.VENKATARAMA AYYAR, B.A, D.C.E 07-10-1915 03-07-191621 C.PEDDIE ESQ 03-07-1916 17-07-191622 A.C.LANGSTON ESQ 17-07-1916 01-08-191623 C.PEDDIE ESQ 01-08-1916 19-08-191624 C.T.MULLINGS ESQ 19-08-1916 07-11-191725 P.HAWKINS ESQ 07-11-1917 06-12-191826 W.G.MOLESWORTH ESQ 07-12-1918 03-01-192027 M.R.RY.G.S.RAMA AYYAR AVL,B.A.,D.C.E., 03-01-1920 14-02-192128 JOC PHALAN ESQ 15-02-1921 11-03-192129 M.R.RY.P.V.MANICKAM NAICKER B.E., 11-03-1921 22-09-192130 W.G.MOLESWORTH ESQ 22-09-1921 02-10-192231 M.R.RY.L.D.VENKATRAMA AYYAR 02-10-1922 21-01-192432 M.R.RY.S.BASKARA AYYAR 21-01-1924 07-08-192433 C.T.MULLINGS ESQ 08-08-1924 16-05-192534 W.J.DAVIS ESQ 16-05-1925 19-05-192535 C.PEDDIE ESQ 19-05-1925 13-02-192836 A.W.ROBERT ESQ 13-02-1928 09-05-193037 M.O.BRIEN ESQ 09-05-1930 26-11-193038 A.W.ROBERT ESQ 27-11-1930 22-10-193239 F.M.DOWLEY ESQ 22-10-1932 09-11-193240 M.O.BRIEN ESQ 09-11-1932 11-03-193541 F.C.L.CLIFT ESQ 11-03-1935 17-08-193642 J.S.WESTER DALE ESQ 17-08-1936 18-01-193743 D.W.GOLLAN ESQ 18-01-1937 03-04-193944 T.I.S.MACKAY ESQ 03-04-1939 06-09-193945 D.W.GOLLAN ESQ 06-09-1939 27-09-193946 T.I.S.MACKAY ESQ 27-09-1939 06-06-194047 E.E.MARIETTE ESQ(EXE.ENGR, ADDL.CHARGE) 06-06-1940 30-08-194048 M.R.RY.RAO BAHADUR N.GOVINDARAJA AYYANGAR B.A.BE., 30-08-1940 14-12-194049 M.R.RY.RAO BAHADUR N.N.KESAVA RAO 14-12-1940 20-07-194350 C.L.BERG ESQ 20-07-1943 03-01-1944‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 271 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

51 L.M.F BARRETT ESQ 03-01-1944 12-08-194452 M.R.RY.T.S.VENKATRAMA IYAR, B.E, C.B.E, 12-08-1944 01-09-194453 M.R.RY.N.PADMANABHA IYAR, B.A,.B.E, 01-09-1944 10-01-194554 J.M.FREDERICK ESQ B.A,B.E 10-01-1945 05-03-194555 L.M.F BARRETT ESQ 05-03-1945 26-03-194756 M.R.RY.T.S.VENKATRAMA IYAR, B.E, I.S.E, 26-03-1947 18-06-194757 L.P.COLE ESQ., M.B.E,M.A 18-06-1947 14-08-194758 SRI.T.S.VENKATRAMA IYAR , I.S.E, 14-08-1947 29-08-194759 SRI RAO SAHIB M.SATYANARAYANAMURTI 29-08-1947 12-12-194760 A.A.SMYTH ESQ B.SC 12-12-1947 07-06-194861 SRI.T.S.VENKATRAMA IYAR , I.S.E, 07-06-1948 21-07-194862 SRI U.S.RAMASUNDARAM, B.E, M.I.E (IND)I.S.E 21-07-1948 31-03-195063 SRI E.V.NARAYANAN, B.E, 31-03-1950 18-08-195264 SRI D.P.JOG B.E, M.I.E (IND) 18-08-1952 26-10-195365 SRI O.R.NARAYANASAMY AYYAR B.E, I.S.E 26-10-1953 23-11-195366 SRI M.D.NARASIMHA ACHARYA BA B.E 23-11-1953 01-12-195367 SRI P.G.RAMAN NAYAR B.E, M.I.E (IND) 01'-12-1953 16-08-195468 SRI M.K.NARAMBUNATHAN PILLAI B.E, AMIE (IND) 16-08-1954 21-08-195669 SRI C.M.GOVEES B.A , B.E, 21-08-1956 07-11-195670 SRI. J.I COIL PILLAI B.E .M.I.E (IND) 07-11-1956 19-09-195971 SRI M.E, HUSSAIN B.E, A.M.I.E (IND) 19-09-1959 02-09-195972 SRI. J.I COIL PILLAI B.E .M.I.E (IND) 02-11-1959 19-06-196173 SRI P.K.VEDANAYAGAM, B.E, A.M.I.E(IND) 19-06-1961 22-05-196474 SRI V.MUTHUKRISHNAN B.E., 22-05-1964 20-04-196775 THIRU D.I.PAUL B.E, (HNOS) M.I.E 03-05-1967 11-05-196776 SRI V.MUTHUKRISHNAN B.E., 11-05-1967 22-05-196777 THIRU B.K.SADASHIVA RAO B.E 22-05-1967 01-04-196878 THIRU D.I.PAUL B.E, (HNOS) M.I.E 01-04-1968 08-08-196879 THIRU V.S.RAMASWAMY B.E 08-08-1968 05-11-196980 THIRU B.K.SADASHIVA RAO B.E 05-11-1969 06-12-196981 THIRU V.S.RAMASWAMY B.E 06-12-1969 29-05-197182 THIRU B.K.SADASHIVA RAO B.E 29-05-1971 23-08-197183 THIRU N.MUTHUKRISHNAN B.E M.I.E 23-08-1971 04-01-197384 THIRU S.RANGANATHAN B.SC B.E 04-01-1973 03-02-197385 THIRU N.MUTHUKRISHNAN B.E M.I.E 03-02-1973 03-04-197386 THIRU S.RANGANATHAN B.SC B.E 03-04-1973 27-07-197387 THIRU M.SYED ABDUL HUQ B.E, 27-07-1973 12-06-197588 THIRU C.S.KUPPURAJ B.E., A.M.I.E 12-06-1975 15-11-197589 THIRU S.VISWANATHAN B.SC, B.E. 15-11-1975 14-12-197590 THIRU G.GAJAPATHI B.E 14-12-1975 06-01-197891 THIRU S.ANANTHA BABU B.E., 06-01-1978 01-10-198192 ER.P.RAMAKRISHNAN B.E F.I.E 01-10-1981 07-04-197493 ER.N.DURAIRASAN B.E 07-04-1984 12-11-198694 ER. M.P.SHAKUL AMEED B.E 12-11-1986 29-02-198895 ER. M.SWAMINATHAN B.E (I/C) 29-02-1988 30-03-198896 ER.T.G.GOPALAKRISHNAN B.E 30-03-1988 31-03-198897 ER. K.N.RAJAMANICKAM B.E (I/C) 31-03-1988 21-04-198898 ER. S.R DEVASAKAYAM B.E F.I.E 21-04-1988 06-10-198999 ER. M.K.NATARAJAN B.E, (I/C) 06-10-1989 08-12-1989100 ER. K.RAMALINGAM B.E 08-12-1989 30-06-1990101 ER. C.N.BALASUBRAMANIYAN B.E (I/C) 30-06-1990 16-07-1990102 ER. E.I.L.RAYAN B.E, M.I.E 16-07-1990 31-07-1991103 ER. C.N.BALASUBRAMANIYAN B.E (I/C) 31-07-1991 30-09-1991104 ER.M.RAMASUBRAMANIYAN B.E (HONS)M.SC 30-09-1991 14-06-1992‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 272 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

105 ER. E.MURUGAN B.E M.SC( I/C) 15-06-1992 28-06-1992106 ER. V.BALUSAMY B.E (I/C) 29-06-1992 09-08-1992107 ER.M.RAMASUBRAMANIYAN B.E (HONS)M.SC 10-08-1992 04-09-1992108 ER. V.BALUSAMY B.E (I/C) 04-09-1992 27-09-1992109 ER.M.RAMASUBRAMANIYAN B.E (HONS)M.SC 28-09-1992 05-04-1993110 ER.S.MOOKAIYAH B.E, (I/C) 05-04-1993 12-04-1993111 ER.M.NIKKALSAN B.E, 12-04-1993 14-10-1993112 ER.SYED FAQRUDEEN B.E 14-10-1993 19-11-1993113 ER.R.MURUGAIAN B.E 19-11-1993 24-11-199324-11-1993 31-05-1996114 ER. G.VEERAIYAN B.E.,(WRO)01-06-1996 28-02-1997115 ER. E.A.PAUL B.E (I/C) 01-03-1997 02-09-1997116 ER. N.THALAIMALAI B.E, M.I.E, C.E (IND) 03-09-1997 28-02-1998117 ER. E.A.PAUL B.E (I/C) 28-02-1998 25-03-1998118ER. SEENI.RAJENDRAN B.E., M.I.E, M.I.E, FIV, M.I.C.A, C.E(IND) 25-03-1998 18-12-1998119 ER. A.M. USMAN BASHA B.E 18-12-1998 25-03-1999120 ER. A.M. USMAN BASHA B.E (SPL C.E) 26-03-1999 31-03-1999121 ER.V.GNANASEKARAN B.E(I/C) 31-03-1999 10-05-1999122 ER.T.THIRUGNANAM B.E, 10-05-1999 08-10-1999123 ER. THIRU R.JAYARAMAN B.E, 08-10-1999 31-03-2000124 ER. S.KRISHNAMOORTHI B.E (I/C) 31-03-2000 10-05-2000125 ER. T.AARUMUGAIAH B.E, 10-05-2000 31-01-2001126 ER. S.SIVAPRAKASAM M.E (I/C) 31-01-2001 26-02-2001127 ER. T.THIYAGARAJAN B.E, 26-02-2001 31.03-2001128 ER. N.KALIYAPPAN B.E, (I/C) 31.03-2001 11-06-2001129 ER. T.PALANIVELU B.E,(D.S.E- ) 11-06-2001 25-06-2001130 ER.M.MALAIRAJAN B.E, 25-06-2001 31-05-2002131 ER. B.R.MEENATCHI SUNDARAM B.E 31-05-2002 06-06-2002132 S.RAMAKSRISHNAN B.E 06-06-2002 30-06-2003133 ER. B.R.MEENATCHI SUNDARAM B.E (I/C) 30-06-2003 01-08-2003134 ER. M.RAMACHANDRAN B.E., 01-08-2003 30-06-2004135 ER. T.JOSEPH GNANADAS B.E (I/C) 30-06-2004 01-10-2004136 ER. K.SOMASUNDARAM B.E, M.I.E 01-10-2004 30-06-2006137 ER. K.SOMASUNDARAM B.E, M.I.E (SPL C.E) 30-06-2006 31-07-2006138 ER. D.EMERSON B.E (I/C) 31-07-2006 13-09-2006139 ER. P.SARAVANABHAVAN B.E 13-09-2006 31-05-2007140 ER. K.NALLU SAMY B.E ( C.E - I/C) 31-05-2007 11-06-2007141 ER. M.MOORTHY M.E, M.I.E 11-06-2007 24-03-2008142 ER. N.KANESAN B.E, 24-03-2008 10-09-2009143 ER. K.K.PALANISAMY B.E 10-09-2009 31-12-2009144 ER. K.R.GOVINDARAJU B.E 31-12-2009 31-08-2010145 ER.N.SADASIVAM B.E (I/C) 31-08-2010 06-09-2010146 ER.T.BAINTAMILSELVAN B.E, M.B.A 06-09-2010 22-07-2011147 ER.E.THAMILARASAN B.E, 22-07-2011 TILL DATE‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 273 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Roll of Honour : Superintending Engineers of Thanjavur Circle1 E.W.P. Walsh 1.4.1926 3.5.19262 M.Nilakanta Ayyar 4.5.1926 29.8.19313 M.Obrien, B.E., A.M.I.C.E. 30.8.1931 9.3.19324 Rao Bahadur G.Ramasamy Ayyar, B.A., B.E., 10.3.1932 3.6.19355 J.Harvey 4.6.1935 3.10.19356 C.G.Barber 9.10.1935 20.10.19357 M.O.Brien, B.E., A.M.I.C.E., 21.10.1935 14.2.19368 C.G.Barber 15.2.1936 14.4.19369 Rao Bahadur N.Parameswaram Pillai, B.A., B.E., 15.4.1936 23.2.193710 Rao Bahadur L.Venkatakrishna Ayyar, B.A., B.E., 10.1.1938 2.2.193911 A.G.G. Barclay, A.M.I.C.E., 3.2.1939 16.2.194012 Rao Bahadur N.Govindaraja Ayyangar, B.A., B.E., 17.2.1940 10.5.194013 Rao Bahadur V.Ayyadurai Ayyar, B.A., B.E., 11.5.1940 4.12.194014 Rao Bahadur N.Durairaja Ayyar, B.A., B.E., 5.12.1940 16.9.194215 L.M.F. Barrett, B.Sc., A.M.I.C.E., 30.9.1942 28.12.194316 Rao Bahadur, A.R. Venkataacharya, B.E., I.S.E., 28.12.1943 26.3.194417 T.S.Venkatarama Ayyar, B.E., I.S.E., 27.3.1944 16.1.194718 R.Ranganathathathechariar (Additional Charge) 17.1.1947 26.1.194719 T.S.Venataram Ayyar, B.E., I.S.E., 27.1.1947 31.8.194820 Rao Bahadur N.Stirumalaiiyengar, B.E., I.S.E., 1.9.1948 26.10.194821 C.D. Silva, B.E., 29.10.1948 31.3.195022 U.S. Ramasundaram, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) I.S.E., 1.4.1950 30.6.195023 P.G.Ramannair, B.E., 1.7.1950 31.10.195024 U.S.Ramasundaram, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) I.S.E., 1.11.1950 20.4.195225 E.V.Naryana Ayyar, B.E., 21.4.1952 27.4.195226 D.Rajagopalan, B.E., 28.4.1952 18.8.195227 E.V.Narayana Ayyar, B.E., 19.8.1952 25.4.195328 D.P. Jog, B.E., 26.4.1953 2.5.195329 M.D.Narasimhachariar, B.A., B.E., 3.5.1953 13.7.195430 K.Harihara Ayyar, B.E., 14.7.1954 7.2.195531 P.S.Natarajan, B.E., 8.2.1955 24.6.195732 C.Krishnankutty Menon, B.E., 25.6.1957 11.8.1957‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 274 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

33 D.Narayana Rao, B.E., 12.8.1957 18.4.195934 C.Narayanasamy, B.E., 19.4.1959 21.9.195935 D.Henry David, B.E., A.M.I.E. (Ind) 22.9.1959 21.1.196036 C.Narayanasamy, B.E., 22.1.1960 25.6.196137 D.Henry David, B.E., A.M.I.E. (Ind) 26.6.1961 5.8.196238 S.Ramachadran, B.E., (Hon) A.M.I.E., (Ind) 6.8.1962 1.1.196339 A.V.Alwar, B.E., 2.1.1963 13.9.196740 R.Venugopal, B.E., 14.9.1967 8.12.196941 V.S.Ramasamy, B.E., (Additional Charge) 9.12.1969 9.1.197042 R.Venugopal, B.E., 10.1.1970 9.7.1972 AN43 A.Seshedri, B.E., 9.7.1972 28.8.1972 FN44 T.S. Kannan. B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) 28.8.1972 FN 18.1.1974 AN45 U.B. Sreepada Rao, B.Sc., B.E., M.I.E.,Superintending Engineer, C.D.W. Circle18.1.1974 AN 28.2.1974 AN46 T.S. Kannan, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) 28.2.1974 FN 21.6.1974 AN47 U.B. Sreepada Rao, B.Sc., B.E., M.I.E.,Superintending Engineer, C.D.W. Circle, (AdditionalCharge)21.6.1974 AN 25.7.1974 AN48 S.Ranganathan, B.Sc., B.E., 25.7.1974 AN 23.6.1975 FN49 D.K. Nagarajan, B.E., (Hons) 23.6.1975 FN 4.7.1975 FN50 U.B. Sreepada Rao, B.Sc., B.E., M.I.E.,Superintending Engineer, C.D.W. Circle, (AdditionalCharge)4.7.1975 FN 28.7.1975 AN51 S.Kamaiya Samy, B.E., 28.7.1975 AN 31.7.1977 AN52 K.T. Guruswamy, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) 31.7.1977 AN 2.9.1977 FN53 S.J.Ambrose, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) (Additional Charge) 2.9.1977 AN 30.9.1977 AN54 K.T.Guruswamy, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) 30.9.1977 FN 15.7.1979 FN55 S.J.Ambrose, B.E., M.I.E., (Ind) (Additional Charge) 15.7.1979 FN 21.11.1979 AN56 S.Mohamed Musthrafa, B.E., (Additional Charge) 21.11.1979 AN 26.11.1979 AN57 K.M. Syed Abdul Khadir, B.E., 26.11.1979 AN 10.6.1983 AN58 S.Nageswaran, B.E., 10.6.1983 AN 21.4.1986 AN59 R.D. Achuthan, B.E., (Additional Charge) 21.4.1986 AN 22.5.1986 FN60 K.C. Natarajan, B.E., 22.5.1986 FN 13.3.1987 AN61 R.D. Achuthan, B.E., (Additional Charge) 13.3.1987 AN 18.3.1987 FN62 K.Pandy, B.E., (Hons.) M.Sc., (Engg) (Additional Charge) 18.3.1987 FN 17.4.1987 FN63 M.K.Natarajan, B.E., (Hons) M.I.E., 17.4.1987 FN 13.7.1989 FN‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 275 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

64 K.P. Muthusamy, B.E., 13.7.1989 FN 31.10.199165 V.Balusamy, B.E., M.I.E., 31.10.1991 30.4.199566 R.Murugaiyan, B.E., (Additional Charge) 30.4.1995 12.5.199567 N.Ramachandran, B.E., 12.5.1995 30.6.1996 AN68 G.Veeraiyan, B.E., (Additional Charge) 30.6.1996 AN 5.8.1996 FN69 E.A. Paul, B.E., M.I.E., 5.8.1996 FN 31.10.1998 AN70 S. Rajendran, M.E., F.I.E., C.E., (India) 31.10.1998 FN 30.4.1999 AN71 R.Paranthaman, M.E., M.I.E., 30.4.1999 AF 21.8.2000 FN72 S.Sivaprakasam, M.E., (Additional Charge) 21.8.2000 AF 15.9.2000 FN73 P.R.Meenakshisundaram, B.E.,MIE.,MICI., 15.9.2000 FN 31.12.2002 AF74 S. Ramakrishnan, B.E., (Additional Charge) 31.12.2002 AF 21.5.2003 FN75 G. Lakshmikandam, M.E., (H&WR).Superintending EngineerG. Lakshmikandam, M.E., (H&WR).Special Chief Engineer76 P.R.Meenakshisundaram, B.E., MIE.,MICI.,Chief Engineer( Additional Charge)22.5.2003 AF 16.2.2004 AF16.2.2004 AF 30.6.2004 AF30.6.2004 AF 31.7.2004 FN77 T. Joseph Gnanadoss, B.E., (Additional Charge) 31.7.2004 FN 10.8.2004 AF78 N. Arunachalam, B.E., M.I.E., (Additional Charge) 10.8.2004 FN 1.10.2004 FN79 K.Nallusamy, B.E., Superintending Engineer 1.10.2004 FN 30.6.2006 AFK.Nallusamy, B.E., Chief Engineer, (Additional Charge) 30.6.2006 AF 13.9.2006 AF80 A.Ganesan, B.E., Superintending Engineer 13.9.2006 AF 2.7.2007 FNA.Ganesan, B.E, Special Chief Engineer 2.7.2007 FN 31.1.2008 AFM.Moorthy, M.E., M.I.E. 31.1.2008 AF 24.3.2008 AF81 M.Moorthy, M.E., M.I.E.24.3.2008 AF 11.2009 AFChief Engineer (Additional Charge)82 N.Ganesan, B.E., Additional Charge 11.2.2009 AF 9.9.2009 AF83 N.Sathasivam B.E., 10.9.2009 FN 30.11.2010 AF84 M.Moorthy, M.E., M.I.E.Chief Engineer (Additional Charge)30.11.2010 AF 14.1.2011 AF85 S.Asokan, M.E., (IWM) 14.1.2011 AF 22.5.2012 FN86 N.Manokaran, B.E., 22.5.2012 FN 31.05.2012‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 276 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fhtphpg; ghrdg; gFjpjiyikg; nghwpahsh;fspd; kjpg;GW ngah;g;gl;bay;jpUr;rp kz;lyk;thpirvz;ngaHKjy;fhyk;tiu1 b.gp.&/g];> gp., 5.10.1995 gpg 31.10.1995 gpgpK.uhkRg;ukzpad;> gp.,.>vk;.v];;.v];]p 31.10.1995gpg 21.12.1995 Kg3 ,u.KUifad;> gp.,> 21.12.1995 Kg 21.10.1998 gpg4 ,u.KUifad;> gp.,> ($.ngh) 21.10.1998 gpg 10.12.1998 Kg5 e.nghd;;Drhkp> gp., 10.12.1998 Kg 16.11.2001 gpg6 jp.n[ar;re;jpud;> gp.,. 16.11.2001 gpg 7.4.2002 gpg7 jp.n[ar;re;jpud;> gp.,.($.ngh) 7.4.2002 gpg 12.4.2002 gpg8 M.fdfrghgjp> gp.,. 12.4.2002 gpg 31.12.2002 gpg9 g.U.kPdhl;rpRe;juk;> gp.,> 31.12.2002 gpg 31.07.2004 gpg10 jp.N[hrg;Qhdjh];> gp.,.($.ngh) 31.07.2004 gpg 29.09.2004 gpg11 jp.N[hrg;Qhdjh];> gp.,. 30.06.2004 Kg 09.07.2005 gpg12 jp.N[hrg;Qhdjh];> gp.,.($.ngh) 10.07.2005 Kg 30.9.2005 gpg13 v];.ngUkhs;> gp., 30.09.2005 gpg 01.10.2005 gpg14 f.ghz;bauh[d;> gp.,. 01.10.2005 gpg 30.06.2006 gpg15 F.ey;Yrhkp> gp.,. 30.06.2006 gpg 31.07.2007 gpg16 f.ehfuh[d;> gp.,. 31.07.2007 gpg 30.06.2009 gpg17 K.%Hj;jp> vk;.,.($.ngh) 30.06.2009 gpg 09.07.2009 gpg18 K.%Hj;jp> vk;.,. 09.07.2009 gpg 30.05.2011 gpg19 g.ghyRg;ukzpad;> gp., 31.05.2011 gpg 31.08.2011 gpg20 v];.tpRthrnry;tFkhH> gp.,($.ngh) 31.08.2011 gpg 03.10.2011 Kg21 Nrh.fNzrkhwr;rd;> gp.,. 03.10.2011 Kg 31.10.2012 gpg22 f.uq;fehjd;> gp.,> vk;.I.,.($.ngh) 31.10.2012 gpg 30.11.2012 gpg23 j.ige;jkpo;nry;td;> gp.,>vk;.gp.V 30.11.2012 gpg‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 277 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

jpUr;rp kz;lyk; - Jizj;jiyikg; nghwpahsHfs;thpirvz;ngaHKjy;fhyk;tiu1 Nf.vk;.V.v];.mz;zhkiyrhkp> gp., 6.10.1995 Kg 11.10.1996 gpg2 v];fhspag;gd;> gp., ($.ngh) 14.10.1996 Kg 6.4.1997 gpg3 tp.ee;jNfhghy;> gp.,. 07.04.1997 Kg 31.05.1997 gpg4 vk;.,uhkrhkpghz;bad;> gp.,.($.ngh) 31.05.1997 gpg 14.08.1997 Kg5 V.Nf.Kfk;kJ ,];khapy;> gp.,. 14.08.1997 Kg 07.03.2000 Kg6 tp.nrhf;fypq;fk;> gp., ($.ngh) 07.03.2000 Kg 12.4.2000 Kg7 b.v];.Kj;JfpU\;zd;> gp.,. 12.4.2000 Kg 30.4.2001 gpg8 b.godpNtY> gp.,.($.ngh) 30.04.2001 gpg 06.06.2001 Kg9 gp.Rg;ukzpad;> gp.,. 06.06.2001 Kg 30.06.2001 gpg10 jp.godpNtY> gp., ($.ngh) 30.06.2001 gpg 06.08.2001 Kg11 gp.nyl;Rkzd;> gp.,. 06.08.2001 Kg 28.09.2001 gpg12 b.godpNtY> gp.,.($.ngh) 28.09.2001 Kg 29.08.2001 Kg13 gp.nyl;Rkzd;> gp.,. 29.08.2001 Kg 07.02.2002 Kg14 c.Rgh\;re;jpud;> gp., ($.ngh) 07.02.2002 Kg 04.04.2002 Kg15 F.jpUkiy> gp., 04.04.2002 Kg 31.05.2003 gpg16 jp.ntq;fNlrd;> gp., 31.05.2003 gpg 09.10.2003 Kg17 R.KUNfrd;> gp.,. 09.10.2003 Kg 31.01.2005 Kg18 jp.N[hrg;Qhdjh];> gp., ($.ngh) 31.01.2005 Kg 06.06.2005 Kg19 r.md;gofd;> gp.,. 06.06.2005 Kg 01.02.2006 Kg20 f.jpUg;gjp> gp., 20.04.2007 Kg 02.11.2009 gpg21 f.nuq;fehjd;> gp., ($.ngh) 02.11.2009 gpg 29.11.2009 gpg22 v];.vk;.nry;tuh[;> gp., 30.11.2009 Kg 28.02.2010 gpg23 f.nuq;fehjd;> gp., ($.ngh) 01.03.2010 Kg 01.04.2010 Kg24 tP.rz;;Kfk;> gp.,. 01.04.2010 Kg 19.11.2012 Kg25 gp.n`yd;rprpy;> gp., ($.ngh) 19.11.2012 Kg 13.12.2012 Kg26 V.nja;tPfd;> gp.,.>vk;.gp.V. 13.12.2012 Kg‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 278 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Nkw;ghh;itg; nghwpahsh;fs; nghgJNryk; jh;kGhp tl;lk;thpirvz;jpUthsh;fs; ngaHKjy;fhyk;Kba1. jpU. b.n`d;wp Nltpl;> gp.,.> vk;.I.,.> 01.04.1968 28.05.19682. jpU.tp.Kj;JfpU\;zd;> gp.,.> (nkf;) 28.05.1968 21.12.19703. jpU. vk;.v];.NfhghyfpU\;zd;> gp.,.> 21.12.1970 16.10.19714. jpU. gp.b.re;Njhrk;> gp.,.> 16.10.1971 03.11.19715. jpU. Mh;.uhjhfpU\;zd;> gp.,.> 03.11.1971 29.09.19726. jpU. gp.Mh;.uh[Nfhghyd;> gp.,.> (nkf;) 29.09.1972 30.09.19757. jpU. Nf.Jiurhkp> gp.,.> 30.09.1975 30.10.19758. jpU. Nf.gukrptk;> gp.,.> 30.10.1975 29.06.19779. jpU. A.gp.=ghjuht;> gp.v];rp.> gp.,.> vk;.I.,.> 29.06.1977 31.07.197810. jpU.vk;.V.rhk;uh[;> gp.v];.rp> gp.v];.rp> (,d;[pdpahpq;) 31.07.1978 15.09.197811. jpU. gp.=dpthrd;> gp.,.> vk;.I.,.> 15.09.1978 24.07.198212. jpU. v];.vk;b.K];jgh> gp.,.> vg;I,.> 24.07.1982 31.01.198613. jpU.rp.gp.jk;gpaz;zd;> gp.,.> 31.01.1986 07.03.198614. jpU. vr;.v];.ntq;fl;uhK> gp.,.> 07.03.1986 09.08.198615. jpU. rp.gp.jk;gpaz;zd;> gp.,.> 09.08.1986 19.11.198616. jpU. eh.Jiuuh[d;> gp.,.> 19.11.1986 09.06.198817. jpU. t.kPdhl;rpRe;juk;> gp.,> 09.06.1988 11.07.198818. jpU.gp.rp.Nfhgpehj;> gp.,.> 11.07.1988 14.06.199019. jpU. vk;.gRgjp> gp.,.> 14.06.1990 22.06.199020. jpU.Nf.rpNuhd;kzpuht;> gp.v];.rp.gp.,.> (cwhdh;];) 22.06.1990 13.09.199021. jpU.vk;.gRgjp> gp.,.> 13.09.1990 02.01.199122. jpU. jp.[hdfpuhkd;> vy;.rp.,.> 02.01.1991 30.09.199123. jpU. vd;.jq;fNtY> gp.,.> 30.09.1991 02.12.199124. jpU.Mh;.ntq;flhryk;> gp,.> 02.12.1991 30.11.199325.jpU.nfhLKb.r.rz;Kfk;> gp.,.> vk;.,> (kz;).>b.v];v];.n`r;b.vk;.Mh;.vk;.I.,.>30.11.1993 02.01.1996‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 279 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

Nkw;ghh;itg; nghwpahsh;fs; nghgJNky; fhtphp tbepy tl;lk;> Nryk; - 636 007.thpirvz;jpUthsh;fs; ngaHfhyk;1. Dr. nfh.r.rz;Kfd; 03.01.1996 31.03.19962. Er. v];.%f;ifah * 31.03.1996 31.05.19963. Er. [p.tPiua;ad; * 31.05.1996 15.07.19964. Er. rp.fNz\; 15.07.1996 31.05.19975. Er. vk;.v];.fpU\;zd; * 01.06.1997 23.06.19976. Er. b.Mh;.uq;fuh[{ 23.06.1997 31.08.19977. Er. b.Mh;.uq;fuh[{ ** rp.j.ngh 01.09.1997 28.02.19988. Er. ,uh.KUifad; * 01.03.1998 02.04.19989. Er. tP.QhdNrfud; 03.04.1998 30.06.199810. Er. b.jpUQhdk; * 30.06.1999 04.07.199911. Er. v];.fpU\;z%h;j;jp 05.07.1999 08.02.200012. Er. v];.fpU\;z%h;j;jp ** rp.j.ngh 09.02.200 30.06.200013. Er. j.MWKfa;ah * 30.06.2000 23.07.200014. Er. rp.rptg;gpufhrk; 23.07.2000 26.02.200115. Er. J.jpahfuh[d; * 26.02.2001 05.03.200116. Er. vd;.fhspag;gd; 05.03.2001 25.08.200217. Er. v];.uhkfpU\;zd; * 25.08.2002 08.11.200218. Er. Nfh.,yf;Fkpfhe;jk; 08.11.2002 21.05.200319. Er. v];.,uhkfpU\;zd; * 21.05.2003 30.06.200320. Er. Nfh.,yf;Fkpfhe;jk; 30.06.2003 04.08.200321. Er. m.jq;fNtY 04.08.2003 31.05.200422. Er. vk;.,uhkre;jpud; * 31.05.2004 30.06.200423. Er. Rg;igah G+ghz;b * 30.06.2004 07.10.200424. Er. J.rhuq;fghzp * 07.10.2004 30.06.200625. Er. J.rhuq;fghzp ** rp.j.ngh 30.06.2006 31.08.200626. Er. F.ey;Yrhkp * 31.08.2006 25.09.200627. Er. rp.jz;lhAjghzp 25.09.2006 30.11.200628. Er. rp.jz;lhAjghzp ** rp.j.ngh 01.12.2006 30.04.200729. Er. m.fNzrd; * 30.04.2007 11.06.200730. Er. ,uh.Rg;gpukzpad; 11.06.2007 31.12.200931. Er. K.%h;j;jp * 31.12.2009 18.01.201032. Er. Nrh.fNzrkhwr;rd; 18.01.2010 02.10.201133. Er. ,.jkpourd; * 02.10.2011 12.03.201234. Er. r.rpthde;jk; 12.03.2012 31.10.201235. Er. kh.Jiuuh[{ * 31.10.2013 28.02.2013Kjy;36. Er. ,.jkpourd; * 28.02.2013Kjy;* $Ljy; nghWg;G‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 280 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

nraw;nghwpahsh;fs;> nghgJ> Nkl;^h; mizf;Nfhl;lk;thpirvz;nraw;nghwpahsh;fspd; ngaHfhyk;1. Er. K. Rg;ukzpak; 27.07.1967 30.04.19692. Er. S. fhikaRthkp 30.04.1969 09.06.19693. Er. U.B. =ghjuht; 09.06.1969 06.07.19724. Er. M. jl;rpzh%h;j;jp 06.07.1972 06.08.19725. Er. U.B. =ghjuht; 06.08.1972 14.05.19736. Er. M. jl;rpzh%h;j;jp 14.05.1973 23.05.19737. Er. M. yl;RkzngUkhs; 23.05.1973 31.08.19758. Er. T.B. NfhghyfpU\;zd; 01.09.1975 15.11.19759. Er. A. nry;tk; 16.11.1975 07.08.197810. Er. M. Rthkpehjd; 07.08.1978 19.09.198111. Er. M. Qhduh[; 19.09.1981 20.11.198112. Er. S. fpU\;z%h;j;jp 20.11.1981 09.12.198113. Er. R.B. rjhrptk; 09.12.1981 16.08.198414. Er. K.O. godprhkp 16.08.1984 24.09.198415. Er. fhkhl;rp Re;juk; 24.09.1984 16.05.198616. Er. S. uhkrhkp 16.05.1986 20.08.198617. Er. T. [hdfpuhkd; 20.08.1986 06.06.198918. Er. S. Rthkpehjd; 06.06.1989 23.06.198919. Er. S. guRuhkd; 23.06.1989 18.05.199220. Er. M.S. fpU\;zd; 18.05.1992 17.06.199221. Er. S.K. jq;fNty; 17.06.1992 31.01.199522. Er. A. mz;zhkiy 01.02.1995 09.06.199723. Er. R. KUNfrd; 09.06.1997 24.05.1999Kjy;24. Er. N. QhdNrfud; 24.05.199925. Er. R. KUNfrd;26. Er. S. fpU\;z%h;j;jp27. Er. N. Rg;ukzpad;28. Er. R. rz;Kfk; 14.01.2004 25.01.200429. Er. R. Rg;ukzpak; 26.01.2004 11.06.200730. Er. T. ige;jkpo;nry;td; 11.06.2007 30.06.200731. Er. K. uq;fehjd; 31.06.2007 31.07.201032. Er. re;;jpuNrfud; 10.09.201033. Er. S. re;jpuNrfud;28.03.201234. Er. P. fe;jrhkp njhlh;e;JgzpGhpe;JtUfpwhh;tiu‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 281 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

nraw;nghwpahsh;fs; rugq;fh tbepyf;Nfhl;lk;> ehkf;fy;thpirvz;nraw;nghwpahsh;fspd; ngaHfs;fhyk;1. jpU. vk;.FkuFUgud;> gp.,.> 15.07.98 22.12.982. jpU. vk;.KUNfrd;> gp.,.> ($ngh) 22.12.98 26.04.993. jpU. ,uh.n[fhejd;> gp.,.> 26.04.99 24.05.994. jpU. vk;.rp.=uh[P> vk;.,.> ($.ngh) 24.05.99 14.07.995. jpU. v];.fpU\;z%h;j;jp> gp.,.> f.ngh. ($.ngh) 14.07.99 25.09.996. jpU. vk;.rp.=uh[P> vk;.,.> 25.09.99 31.01.017. jpU. e.Rg;ukzpad;> gp.,.> ($.ngh) 31.01.01 16.03.018. jpU.tp.Njtuh[d;> gp.,.> ($.ngh) 16.03.01 28.03.019. jpU. j.f.Nkfehjd;> gp.,.> 28.03.01 03.09.0210. jpU. e.Rg;ukzpad;> gp.,.> ($.ngh) 04.09.02 03.09.0211. jpU. j.f.Nkfehjd;> gp.,.> 01.10.02 12.08.0312. jpU. m.jq;fNtY> gp.v];.rp.> gp.,.> ($.ngh) 13.08.03 07.11.0313. jpU. u.rz;Kfk;> gp.,.> 07.11.03 31.12.0514. jpU. ,uh Rg;ukzpad;> gp.,.> ($.ngh) 31.12.05 09.03.0615. jpU. j.ige;jkpo; nry;td;> gp.,.> vk;.gp.V.> 09.03.06 11.06.0916. jpU. f.uq;fehjd;> gp.,.> vk;.gp.V.> ($.ngh) 11.06.09 14.07.0917. jpU.kh.Jiuuh[P> gp.,.> 14.07.09 24.08.201118. jpU. Mh;.nry;tuh[;> vk;.,.> vk;.gp.V.> 24.08.11 ehsJtiuKjy;tiuNkyiz - Kf;nfhk;G‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 282 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013




10. Mtz E}y;fs; (Reference Books)1. jkpo;ehl;bd; ePh;tsKk; vjph;fhyKk; - nghwpQh;. N.eluh[d;> BE, BGL, MIE, jpUtuq;fk;.2. Report of the Cauveyr Fact Finding Committee 1992... Govt. of India3. fodp tsKk;> fhtphp ePUk; - nghwpQh;. S.P.ekrpthak;> Kjngh> nghgJ> 19744. ,e;jpa ejpfspd; xUq;fpizg;G - nghwpQh;. rp.v];.Fg;Guh[;> Kjngh> nghgJ> 2003.5. The Report of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal – Final Award in 5 Volumes New Delhi – 2007.6. fhtphp – eLth;kd;wj; jPh;g;G – 2007 – tof;fwpQh; v];.ehfuh[d; - 2007.7. fhtphp – cyf ePjpAk; cs;ehl;L mePjpAk; - ng.kzpaurd; -2002.8. mkuhtjp – jpU.,uh.,utpf;Fkhh;> cLkiyg;Ngl;il – 20129. jkpof MWfspd; ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha; jpl;lq;fs; nghwpQh;. eP.eluh[d; NtY}h; (2010)10. vhptha; fhNthp – Gyth; R.KUNfrd;> jpUr;rp -200411. Kallanai Kaveri – Dr. R.Paranthaman, Former CE, PWD, Thanjavur – 2012.12. jkpo;ehL fhtphp ePh;g;ghrd tpisnghUs;fs; tptrhapfs; ey chpikg; ghJfhg;Gr; rq;fk; -nts;sp tpoh kyh; - mf;Nlhgh; 2008.13. Nkl;^h; miz ghrdg; gFjp - ePh;toq;fy; jpl;lk; 2013-2014 - jkpo;ehL %j;j Nthsz; ty;Yeh; NguitjQ;rhT+h; - Nk 2013.14. fhpfhy; Nrhod; - lhf;lh; uh.epuQ;rdhNjtp> Mde;jtpfld; gpuRuk;> 2012‘fhtphpejp ePh;g;gq;fPL” 287 gug;Giu ntspaPL - [{iy 2013

fpU\;zuh[rhfh; ePh;j;Njf;fk;ghyhW mizf;fl;LrpWthzp mizntspapl;lth;fs;:mkuhtjp mizjkpo;ehL nghJg;gzpj;Jiw %j;j nghwpahsH rq;fk;

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