Future Unmanned Systems for Mine Warfare - MINWARA - The Mine ...

Shaping the Future of Naval Warfare with Unmanned Systems
Future Unmanned Systems
for Mine Warfare
26 May 2005
Naval Surface Warfare Center – Panama City
Naval Sea Systems Command
Dr. Ace Summey

Commitments to Unmanned Systems
“Now it is clear the military does not have enough unmanned vehicles. vehicles.
We're entering
an era in which unmanned vehicles of all kinds will take on greater greater
importance -- in
space, on land, in the air, and at sea.” President George W. Bush, Citadel Speech, 11 Dec 2001
“The U.S. military has little choice but to pursue integrated battlefield battlefield
robotics – autonomous
machines working together that can replace humans for many warfighting warfighting
functions. If the U.S.
doesn’t pursue the fielding of thinking, lethal machines, potential potential
adversaries will. It is not a
question of how it will be done, but of when and by whom.” Project ALPHA (APL/JHU)
“Unmanned Vehicles. The technology and cost
risks are great, but the potential is high to eventually
reduce manpower costs and risks to U.S. service
personnel and improve our position on the
battlefield. . .This fork is one we recommend the
Navy investigate further.” (Rand Study)
“Roles Missions, Functions, Concept of Operations. Interest in
unmanned vehicles has increased. . . it has become clear that unmanned
vehicles hold great promise. We are just beginning to understand how to
use and build these vehicles. The concepts of operations are in their
infancy, as is the technology. The Navy must think about how to exploit
the unmanned concepts and integrate them into the manned operations.”

Unmanned Systems in MIW
Background

Augmenting Naval Warfare with Unmanned Systems – Fleet and Joint Impact Considerations
JULY 2001
There’s growing momentum and a common realization and vision across the services and OSD
of a new way of doing the business of warfighting in the future – unmanned systems is the key

Naval Surface Warfare Center – Systems Assessment Study
Key Finding:
Limited Number of General
Standard Payload Modules Can
Be Used to Support a Broad
Range of Naval Missions
Technology “Triad” for Unmanned Systems
….. Requires a Systems Engineering Approach
LOGISTICS
• Standard Containers
• Flexible “Retail” Delivery
• “Low Impact” Lift
Unmanned Systems
• Will Augment Naval Warfare Capability
• Shape the Future of Naval Warfare
AFFORDABILITY
• “Smart” Standardization
• “Smart” Modularity
AUTOMATION
• Common Control
• Automated Launch & Recovery
• Automated Sustainment

Air
Vehicles
Underwater
Vehicle
Ground
Vehicles
Mr. Jim Thomsen, PEO-LMW, 12 FEB 04
Unmanned Systems in OEF and OIF
“Our OIF efforts (included)… six
unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV)…
for special operations and mine clearance
operations and gave us important insights
into our vision for both future littoral and
mine warfare concepts and capabilities.” –
CNO SASC testimony Feb 10 2004

Silver Fox in OIF
Unmanned Systems
Letting robots do the dangerous work
How they cleared
Um Qasr
Crawlers in OEF
Persistent
Surveillance
Captain Kamp, ACNR, @ NDIA 6th Annual Science & Engineering Technology Conference, Charleston, SC. 19-21 April 2005

Mine Warfare Force Transformation
Today Future
Months Weeks
Days
Platform Platform
Centered Centered
Stovepipe/Legacy
Goal: Accelerate MCM Operations
Goal: Keep the Sailor/Marine out of the minefield
Capability
Centered
Distributed/Netted/Cooperative

THE MCM VISION

MCM MCM Next Next Generation Systems Systems
MH-60
AQS-20A
OASIS
DDG-51
RAMICS
AMNS
RMS
(AN/WLD-1)
ALMDS

Unmanned Systems in MIW
Impact of Science and Technology

ATD
• Flight Demo
completed in FY98
• Pioneer UAV
• NSWC-PC is the TDA
COASTAL BATTLEFIELD RECONNAISSANCE
AND ANALYSIS (COBRA)
SD&D
• 4 sensors
• 1 ground station
• “Either Either” UAV
• Detect surface land minefields/obstacles
• Provide Intel Prep of the Battlespace on the Beach/inland Areas
• Collect Multi-Spectral Imaging data on the target area

Small UUV for Hydrographic Reconnaissance
� 2-man portable (8-inch diameter, 48 inches long, 80 lbs)
� Conducts hydrographic reconnaissance and MCM
operations in the very shallow water region
Sonar Snapshots
Sensors:
• Sidescan Sonar
• Doppler Velocity
Log
• Compass
• Depth
• Water Clarity
• Temperature
• Conductivity
• Water Currents
• Gyroscope
Mission Sonar Contacts Bathymetry
Temperature Water Clarity
Salinity

Modular Mission Packages
• Near-Term: Construct modularized
mission packages for the development
and testing of transformational MCM
concepts/ideas from the HSV-2 SWIFT
ONR Sponsor:
Dr. Doug Todoroff
• Long-Term: Develop, test, and
incorporate new transformational MCM
concepts using multiple vehicles from
the HSV-2 SWIFT
• By-product: Set of systems that will be
maintained and ready at a moment’s
notice for deployment.

� Maritime Vehicles (UUVs)
Autonomous Operations Future
Naval Capability (AO FNC)
� Sponsor: Dr. Tom Curtin, ONR
� NSWC-PC is the Demonstration Manager
• UnderSea Search and Survey
• Communication/Navigation Aid
� Aligned with Signature Capabilities from
the UUV Master Plan
� Bluefin Robotics is the Prime Contractor
developing the 12.75” diameter search
vehicles
� NSWC-PC is developing an SAS-based
payload and the corresponding
CAD/CAC
Undersea
Search and
Survey
Communications
and Navigation Aid

Legacy,
Emergent,
Future
Unmanned
Systems
RF RF and and acoustic
comms wide area area
network (WAN) –
GIG GIG compliant
to to accommodate
many unmanned
systems
Joint Unmanned Systems Common Control (JUSC 2 )
A Common Control Architecture for All DoD Unmanned Systems
WAN (GIG
Compliant)
Common
Comms
Sets
STANAG
4586
JAUS
(SAE)
STANAG 4586 and and
JAUS (SAE) interface
standards eventually
allow common control
of of most DoD DoD unmanned
systems
Real Time
Functions
Non-Real Time
Functions
Open Architecture Compliant
Phase 1 – Federated for
legacy / vehicle types
Phase 2+ – Management of
increasingly autonomous
vehicle systems
Architecture for for
concurrent
management of of
multiple unmanned
systems and and their their
associated data data
Missions
1
2
...
n
C4I
Human
Systems
Integration
C4I
Common services for for
human systems
integration and and
enhanced operator with with
common functions
available across all all DOD
USAF
NAVY
ARMY
Homeland
Defense
Provide UAV,
USV, UGV, UUV UUV
interoperability
across Services

UNCLASSIFIED
SPARTAN LeFleur Nov03
SPARTAN Scout ACTD Concept
Levels the Battlespace by Distributing the Combat System
Modular, Unmanned Surface Vehicle for
Assured Access & Force Protection
Page 17

LCS Applications with Science and Technology Roots
Joint Unmanned Systems
Command and Control
Remote Minehunting
System
Remote Minehunting
System
Vertical Takeoff Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle w/COBRA
Unmanned Surface
Vehicle w/Sweep
AQS-20A
MH60S
Airborne Laser Mine
Detection Systems
Organic Airborne &
Surface Influence Sweeps Rapid Airborne Mine
Clearance Systems
In the near future ships such as LCS will conduct
missions using a variety of networked unmanned
systems. The JUSCC ACTD is developing a common
control system for use with all of the systems shown.
Airborne Mine
Neutralization System
Battlespace Prep
Autonomous
Underwater Vehicle

Unmanned Systems
Key Enabling Technologies
� Sensors – Adaptive, more resolution, smaller, modular
� Processing – Data fusion, automated decision processes
� Navigation – Improved underwater navigation
� Communications – Messaging Standards and Frequency
Spectrum Management, Higher bandwidth underwater, secure
� Autonomy – Adjustable/Supervised with Artificial Intelligence
� Platforms – Modular, affordable, automated L&R
� Energy – Higher energy density, endurance, and speed
� Control – Common Control of Multiple Vehicles and Vehicle
Types; Autonomous, Cooperative, and Adaptive
32

Unmanned Systems
Key Enabling Capabilities
� Fully networked manned/unmanned systems, sensors,
& weapons
� Smaller/miniaturized sensors and vehicles
� Multi-mission capable
� Cooperative Robotics and Intelligent Agents
� Automated Launch & Recovery / Rearming / Refueling
� Automated Fault and Mission Management
� Unmanned System Standards / Modular Architectures
� Human/Machine Interface – advanced displays for
situational awareness – multi-modal interfaces
� Comprehensive Modeling & Simulation
32

Littoral Warfare Research Facility (LWRF)
Unique facility to demonstrate and test new
system concepts for multiple, cooperating
unmanned systems
conducting complex
missions in littoral
environments
Surface
Research Focus:
� “Systems of Unmanned Systems”
• Multiple Robot Systems
• Cooperative Behaviors
• Multiple System Types
Underwater
Ground
Air
� Sensor Payload Development & Integration
� Common Control, System Interoperability
� Academia & Industry Participation
� 38,334 sq-ft, 3 Floors, $8.4 M
� Groundbreaking ~ Sept 04, Completion ~ Feb 06
� Location: NSWC-PC near entrance to bayou

Unmanned Systems in MIW
The Future

Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)
LCS is the
first combatant built
from the keel up to use
unmanned systems as
its “main battery”
Mr. Phil Marshall, PMS-420, 12 FEB 04

MIW Modules QTY
USV with
Influence Sweep System
1
VTUAV with 1 set (3 UAVs)
COBRA 2
MH-60S with 1
OASIS 2
ALMDS 2
AQS-20A 2
RAMICS 2
AMNS 2
AN/WLD-1 RMV with 2
AQS-20A 2
EOD Det 1
BPAUV (Set)
NSCT-1 with
1
SCULPIN (set) 1
LCS Flight 0 Mission Package
ACES – Active Capable Expendable Surveillance
ADS – Advanced Deployable System
ALFS – Airborne Low Frequency Sonar
ALMDS – Airborne Laser Mine Detection System
AMNS – Airborne Mine Neutralization System
AQS-20A – Minehunting Sonar
BPAUV – Battlespace Preparation Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
COBRA – Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance & Analysis
EOD Det - Explosives Ordnance Disposal Detachment
CAPT Wright, PMS-420 – AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05
ASW Modules QTY
USV with 2
ASW Systems
ULITE Array
Dipping Sonar
2
Multi-Static Active Source
VTUAV 1 set (3 UAVs)
MH-60R with 1
MK54 Torpedo set
ALFS set
Sonobuoys set
AN/WLD-1 RMV with 2
ASW Systems
MFTA
RTAS
1
EER/
IEER/AEER family 1
Torpedo Countermeasures 1
ADS 1
MFTA – Multi-Function Towed Array
OASIS - Organic Airborne & Surface Influence Sweep
RAMICS - Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance System
RGES - Running Gear Entanglement System
RMV - Remote Minehunting Vehicle
RTAS - Remotely Towed Active Source
SCULPIN - Autonomous Bottom Mapping UUV system
ULITE - Ultralight
USV - Unmanned Surface Vehicle
VTUAV - Vertical Take-off Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
SUW Modules QTY
USV with EO/IR 2
30mm Gun Package 1
Javelin/Netfires 1
VTUAV with EO/IR 1 set (3 UAVs)
MH-60 with 1
EO/IR set
GAU 16 Gun set
Hellfire set
NLOS-LS (Netfires)
3 systems per seaframe 1
30 mm Gun Module 1
Non-Lethal Weapon (USV-based) 2
RGES
Unmanned Vehicles
and hosted Systems
Baseline 1
6/1/2004

Platform Types
Required
Mission Capability
Platform Characteristics
USV
� COMMON VEHICLE FOR SUW,
ASW & MIW MISSIONS
� HOST SMALLER UUV
� KILL SUBMARINES
� NEUTRALIZE SMALL BOATS
� NEUTRALIZE MINES
� ID & TARGET
LCS Unmanned Systems:
Common Vehicles
Semi-Submersible
USV
� COMMON VEHICLE FOR
MIW AND ASW MISSIONS
� HOST SMALLER UUV
� DATA LINK RELAY
BETWEEN AIR AND
UNDERWATER
INFORMATION/SENSOR
GRIDS
� KILL SUBMARINES
� NEUTRALIZE MINES
UUV UAV
� COMMON VEHICLE FOR
ASW & MIW MISSIONS
� CLANDESTINE
CAPABILITY
� KILL SUBMARINES
� NEUTRALIZE MINES
� HOST SMALLER UUV
MISSION RECONFIGURABLE:
ISR, DETECT/ENGAGE, COMMS RELAY, ASW, MIW, ASUW, SEARCH & SURVEY
AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONS:
REDUCED MANNING REQUIREMENTS, COOPERATION BETWEEN DISSIMILAR VEHICLES
ONBOARD PROCESSING:
ATR CAPABILITY, SOFTWARE AGENTS TO DO SPECIFIC TASKS, AUTONOMOUS DTE
NETWORKED SYSTEMS:
SUFFICIENT BANDWIDTH FOR VEHICLES TO PASS TIMELY ACTIONABLE INFORMATION
CAPT Wright, PMS-420 – AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05
� COMMON VEHICLE FOR ASW,
SUW & MIW MISSIONS
� OTH DATA RELAY
� ID & TARGET
� DESTROY SMALL BOATS
� NEUTRALIZE MINES
� KILL SUBMARINES

Unmanned Systems Architecture
Strategic- and Operational-level UAVs and
Space Assets, with RF and EO Connectivity,
Datalinks and Common C4ISR Architectures
USVs
UUVs
Sensor
Nodes
Sensor
Nodes
Sensor
Nodes
Tactical UAVs
Sensor
Nodes
Modular, Distributed, Networked, Cooperative Capabilities
RDML Landay, PEO-LMW – AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05
UGVs

PEO (LMW) Initiative, Scope, and Objectives Related to
Unmanned Systems Standards
1. Unmanned Systems C2 / Interoperability Standards
� Addresses Common Control Systems, Open Interface (API) Standards (XML),
and JAUS & STANAG 4586 joint / Coalition interoperability standards
2. Unmanned Systems C4I Communications Standards
� Coordinated with Navy C4I Roadmap
� Addresses Forcenet / GIG Compliance (includes Undersea Forcenet)
� Pursues common radios & antennas and IP-based networking
3. Unmanned Vehicles Size / HM&E / Payload Modularity Standards
� Start with UUVs - leverage past progress by UUV Program Office (PMS 403)
� Includes addressing potential standards for autonomy
4. Open Architecture Standards
� Address open architecture interfaces to combat systems
� Computing Environment and functional architecture standardization focus
Key is Broad Engagement Across PEOs, Services, & Industry

Spiral 1 Spiral 2
Spiral 3
JUSC2 ACTD FY08-FY13 FYDP FY14-FY18 FYDP
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Increasingly Autonomous "Loner" UVs Autonomous UVs Work in Teams Groups of UVs Become "Cognizant"
SPEC
RMS REQTS
into JAUS/SAE
Assess JAUS
for RMS
UUV REQTS
into JAUS/SAE
Assess JAUS
for UUVs
SPEC
Common C2
SPEC
Common COMMS
Common C2
Common
COMMS
Common Control Spiral 1 Common Control Spiral 2 Common Control Spiral 3
Era of Federated UV C2 Systems
Legacy C2 Systems Interface to
a Common Management Function
with Modest / Low Manning Reduction
SPEC
Common COMMS
Common C2
Common COMMS
Common C2
Era of Common UV C2 Interfaces
New UVs are Built with Standard
COMMS and "Plug into" Common C2
Interfaces with no
new Control Station ($ Savings)
& Significant Manning Reduction
Autonomous
Swarms
Start Moving
Toward Common
COMMS Across
All UV Types
in Spiral 2
(Depends on JTRS)
Autonomous
Swarms
Some Autonomous Swarms
Autonomous Swarms
12-18 Month Tech Refresh Cycles within Spirals
Era of UV Group Supervision
Common Control of Large Numbers of UVs
shifts from Management to Indirect
Supervision of Autonomous UV Teams ....
with some Direct Control Special Cases -
Especially with UAVs
Joint Interfaces Applied to R&D Systems Joint Interfaces Applied to All Systems Networked UVs are GIG Compliant

Focus Areas for Unmanned
�� Reliable Communications
�� Energy and Propulsion
�� Obstacle Avoidance
�� Advanced Sensors
�� Vehicle Control and Stability
Systems Application
�� Reliable Launch and Recovery
�� Payload and Platform Integration
�� Open System Architecture
�� Signature Management
�� Real Time Sensor Processing
�� Information Assurance
RDML Landay, PEO-LMW – AUVSI Program Review 10 Feb 05

Augmenting the Fleet and the
Force with MCM Capability
Flexible Delivery – Combatants,
Pre-positioned, Commercial
Adaptable Vehicle Families
and Standards with
Cooperative Behaviors
Modular, Scalable,
Affordable Payloads
and Mission Modules
Mine Countermeasures – The Transformation Continues with
the Rapid Insertion of Unmanned Systems Capability
Unmanned Systems Shipped via
Smart Containers, Interoperable
Deployment Logistics, and
Interoperable Control
Architecture and Data Link
Standard Transport & Deployment/Launch ISO Container
Standard Control Stations, Data Link and IO Architecture
UAV Family UUV Family USV Family UGV Family
Propulsion - Energy - Weapons … - Sensors - Comms - C2