Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development ... - IAEA Publications

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ASSESSMENT OF DATA(a) Data Needed to Compile the Indicator: TPES, TFC, total electricity generationand generating capacity. Primary energy from renewable energy options, electricitygeneration and generating capacity from renewable energy options.(b) National and International Data Availability: Data on energy supply by fuel areavailable from national statistical offices and country publications, and from variousinternational sources, such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), the World Bankand Eurostat.REFERENCES• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmentalissue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency.• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg, Eurostat.• Eurostat, various editions. Pocketbook on Energy, Transport and Environment.Luxembourg: Eurostat.• Eurostat, various editions. Pocketbook on Renewable Energy Statistics in theEU. Luxembourg: Eurostat.• IEA, 2001. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA. Paris, France:International Energy Agency.• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,France: International Energy Agency.• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France:International Energy Agency.• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,France: International Energy Agency.• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Paris, France:International Energy Agency.• UNSD, 1982. Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics, with SpecialReference to Energy Accounts and Balances — A Technical Report. NewYork, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.• UNSD, 1987. Energy Statistics: Definitions, Units of Measure and ConversionFactors. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.• UNSD, 1991. Energy Statistics: A Manual for Developing Countries. NewYork, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.• UNSD, various editions. Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles. Publishedbiennially. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.• UNSD, various editions. Energy Statistics Yearbook. Published annually. NewYork, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.78
• World Bank, various editions. World Development Indicators. Publishedannually. Washington DC, USA: World Bank.ECO14: End-use energy prices by fuel and by sectorBrief DefinitionUnitsAlternative DefinitionsAgenda 21Actual prices paid by final consumer for energywith and without taxes and subsidiesUS dollars (purchasing power parity [PPP]) per unitof energy (different units)NoneChapter 4: Consumption and production patternsPOLICY RELEVANCE(a) Purpose: This indicator reflects the final price paid by consumers for energyservices. Energy prices are driving forces for incentives or disincentives forconsumption or conservation, or efficiency improvements. Also, prices can affectaffordability.(b) Relevance to Sustainable Development: Energy prices can be regulated tointernalize environmental and social costs, to manage demand and to encouragedevelopment of alternative renewable energy options.For developing countries, there is a need to increase energy availability andaffordability, in particular for the lower-income groups of the population, so as toimprove social and economic development. At the same time, efficient energy use indeveloping and developed countries is a major priority. Appropriate pricingmechanisms may be used to overcome inefficiencies.(c) International Conventions and Agreements: None.(d) International Targets/Recommended Standards: No international targets havebeen established. However, it is widely accepted that external costs of energyproduction and use should be internalized. Furthermore, the Johannesburg Plan ofImplementation agreed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development calls for aphasing-out of environmentally harmful subsidies.(e) Linkages to Other Indicators: Related indicators of the economic dimension areannual energy use per capita, intensity of energy use, energy mix and emissions ofgreenhouse gases. This indicator is also linked to social indicators such as share ofhousehold income spent on fuel and electricity.METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION(a) Underlying Definitions and Concepts: This indicator reflects the actual pricepaid by final consumers for various energy services. Prices should include all regularcharges linked to the supply of energy to the customer. For example, for electricityand gas, the data should include not only the price per kilowatt-hour (kWh) or cubicmetre, but also any standing charges and meter rental charges. Initial charges for79
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Photos on the cover:D. Kinley, IAEA
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COPYRIGHT NOTICEAll IAEA scientific
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IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publica
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agency report. Their work also bene
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Environmental Dimension ...........
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progress towards sustainability. Fi
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2. BACKGROUNDSince the publication
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presented in this report. A short d
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In the 2004 edition of the World En
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3. ENERGY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABL
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EconomicTheme Sub-theme Energy Indi
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EnvironmentalTheme Sub-theme Energy
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income. Inadequate equipment and ve
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the cost of delivery are necessary
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Paradoxically, the economic and env
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• Shares of sectors in GDP value
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might be collected by another, or t
Page 38 and 39: 4.3. Priorities and Approaches for
Page 40 and 41: (b) Relevance to Sustainable Develo
Page 42 and 43: • IEA, various editions. Energy S
Page 44 and 45: (b) National and International Data
Page 46 and 47: energy availability and affordabili
Page 48 and 49: SOC4: Accident fatalities per energ
Page 50 and 51: Proceedings of a Technical Committe
Page 52 and 53: REFERENCES• IEA, various editions
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Page 58 and 59: • UNSD, various editions. Energy
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Page 62 and 63: ECO6: Industrial energy intensities
Page 64 and 65: Units: toe for final energy and kWh
Page 66 and 67: • Unander, F., Karbuz, S., Schipp
Page 68 and 69: other inputs, etc). These factors a
Page 70 and 71: (d) International Targets/Recommend
Page 72 and 73: ASSESSMENT OF DATA(a) Data Needed t
Page 74 and 75: oilers and new electric appliances
Page 76 and 77: Disaggregated Intensities: Using th
Page 78 and 79: educe the environmental impacts of
Page 80 and 81: (d) Alternative Definitions/Indicat
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Page 84 and 85: ECO12: Non-carbon energy share in e
Page 86 and 87: • IEA, 1990-2001. Energy Statisti
Page 90 and 91: connection to the electricity or ga
Page 92 and 93: Further problems include differing
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Page 99 and 100: does not show how much the climate
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Page 105 and 106: ENV3: Air pollutant emissions from
Page 107 and 108: METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION(a) Under
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Page 111 and 112: ENV4-1: Contaminant discharges in l
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Page 125 and 126: • Harcharik, D.A., 1995. Forest R
Page 127 and 128: indicator, radioactive waste and (s
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Page 133 and 134: Agency (IAEA). In 1995, the IAEA pu
Page 135 and 136: • Low- and intermediate-level rad
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under development in some countries
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• IAEA, 1997. Joint Convention on
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EEA, 2002. Review of Selected Waste
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FAO, 1988. Energy Conservation in A
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IEA, 2000. The IEA Energy Indicator
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OECD, 2001. Key Environmental Indic
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UNEP/WHO, 1992. Urban Air Pollution
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RELATED INTERNET SITES• CONCAWE (
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• WEC (World Energy Council):http
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Particulates: Terms commonly associ
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TOCTPESTSPVOCtotal organic carbonto
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ANNEX 3: A DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR
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Total Final ConsumptionHouseholds T
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Thus through calculating the relati
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Annex 4: Units and Conversion Facto
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