Newsletter Issue 22 - Association for Roman Archaeology

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 2C O N T E N T SPageEditorial 2Contents and Contacts 2Roman Cyprus – part Four –Amathus3 to 6 and Front CoverInformation Technology andCommunications 6Towns in Britain AD 300 – 700Conference Report 7 to 10Archaeological Round-up10, 12, 13 and 21Book Reviews:Bristol in 1807 11Roman Mosaics in Britain –Volume III 11 and 12A Guide to the Mosaics inthe Corinium Museum 12Anthony Beeson retires asBristol’s Art Librarian 13Roman Cyprus: Salamis andother Northern Sites14 to 19An Apology from the Editor 19Obituaries 20Dates for your Diary 20Readers Write . . . 20Bignor Roman Villa 21Booking for:ARA 2009 AGM 22Donations and Bequests 23Trustee Nomination Form 24ARA CONTACTSHon. Chairman: Grahame Soffe BA,Tel: 01367 244857Hon. Vice-Chairman: Mike Stone BA, Cert Ed, MITG26 Aw d ry Close, Chippenham, Wi l t s h i re, SN14 0TQ. Tel: 01249 446385Director: Bryn Walters BA,75 York Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU. Tel/Fax: 01793 534008Hon. Treasurer: David Evans PhD,Gunley Stables, Marton, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 8JL. Tel: 01938 561398e-mail: gunley@hotmail.comHon. Archivist: Anthony Beeson,Eden House, 18 Bowden Close, Coombe Dingle, Bristol, BS9 2RW.e-mail: anthony_beeson@hotmail.comTru s t e e s :Anthony Beeson, David Evans, Don Greenwood, Vix Hughes,Sam Moorhead, Grahame Soffe, Michael Stone, Bryn Wa l t e r sHon. Membership Secretary: Don Greenwood BA12 Harewood Close, York, YO30 5XQ. Tel: 01904 670995Hon. Editor (ARANEWS): David Gollins,10 Markall Close, Cheriton, Alresford, Hampshire, SO24 0QFTel: 01962 793150. e-mail: david@applegraphics.swiftserve.netEditorial Committee (ARA NEWS):David Gollins, Don Greenwood BA and Bryn Walters BAResearch Adviser: Dr. Martin Henig,Institute of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PGInternet Web Site:www.associationromanarchaeology.org.ukThe views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the ARA Board© Copyright remains with individual Authors, and the ARA Boardcannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or content of such articlesAny Member requiring a copy of the Memorandum and Articles of Associationshould apply in writing to the Director at the Registered Office addressThe Association for Roman Archaeology Limited is a Charitable Company Limited by GuaranteeCompany Registered No. 3218318 (Wales) British Registered Charity No. 1056599R e g i s t e red Office: The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited, 75 York Road, Swindon, Wi l t s h i re, SN1 2JUARA Members are invited to send press cuttings from local and nationalnewspapers concerning Roman matters (indicating date and source) to theARA Hon. Archivist, Anthony Beeson, at:Eden House, 18 Bowden Close, Coombe Dingle, Bristol, BS9 2RW.E-mail: anthony_beeson@hotmail.comMany thanks to those who have already responded.E D I T O R I A LWelcome to the 22nd issue of A R AN E W S; again, 24 pages packed withnews, views and interesting items.The cover picture, by Ken Holt, one ofour members, offers a stunning visuali n t roduction to our continuingtravelogue of Southern Cyprus. Therea re many more glorious pictures byKen illustrating the art i c l e .Our Tre a s u re r, David Evans, sets outa plan for the ARA to manage itse-communications in the future, andanother member, Rebecca Newman,has produced a re p o rt of an OxfordUniversity conference on the issueswhich affected towns in Britain in theperiod AD 300 to 700.This issue contains three BookReviews. The first, on Bristol in 1807,written by ARA Trustee AnthonyBeeson, is not on a Roman subject,but I thoroughly enjoyed it. Basicallya ‘dip-in’ book, it is a re c o rd of howsociety behaved in the early 1800s.The second is on the Roman Mosaicsin Britain series. This is volume III ofthe four part Corpus and is publishedin two books. It may seem expensive,but it contains descriptions, details,and where available, pictures, ofe v e ry currently known mosaic fro mRoman Britain. The last review is on ahandy booklet depicting all themosaics in the Corinium Museum, thetext being written by our member,D r. Patricia Wi t t s .A further article, on the Roman sitesof North Cyprus, has been supplied byNich Hogben, also a member. Wehave, I think, now ‘done’ Cyprus, soall our members can go and visit,knowing precisely what to see andw h e re to see it. Which country shallwe do next, and who will supply it?Contributions gratefully re c e i v e df rom all you prospective authors.You will find the AGM Booking Formand Trustee Nomination Formt o w a rds the back of the magazine.R e m e m b e r, if you do not wish todeface your copy, then photocopiesa re equally acceptable.T h e re is a potted history of ourA rchivist and Trustee, AnthonyBeeson, on his re t i rement as ArtLibrarian from Bristol Library. Wewish him many fruitful years ofre t i rement and look forw a rd top e rhaps seeing some of his dinosaurmodels in the shops. Bristol Librarywill miss him, I am sure .The remainder of the magazinecontains some notices, the obituaries,some dates on fort h c o m i n gc o n f e rences of possible interest and,of course, the Archaeological Roundupcolumn. Enjoy.David Gollins,Editor – A R A N E W S.2

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 3TALES FROM AN ITINERANT TRAVELLER –ROMAN CYPRUS(PART FOUR)A M AT H U SKen Holt, a Lancashire member, hasspent much time in Cyprus andespecially on the site of Amathusand he has agreed to produce thislatest report on the old Roman Cityand nearby Acropolis.LOCATIONThis site is situated on the easterncoast road on the outskirts ofLimassol, immediately after thebuilt-up area. If you approach it fromthe west, turn off the motorway atjunction 21 and drop down towardsthe sea. The site is signposted andthere is a large car park available.T h e re is a book about the site(published by the Bank of Cyprus –Guide to Amathus) but sometimesthis is unavailable in English at theticket office. English version copiesa re usually available from theMuseum in Limassol. You would beadvised to have this book with youwhen you visit this complex site.HISTORY OF THE SITEIn general terms Amathus can be subdividedinto two distinct sections:[1] The remains of the Roman townand harbour; and . . .[2] The fortified Citadel section tothe west.The earliest habitation on the sitecan be traced back to the Neolithicera, although the ruins nowdisplayed are of Greek and Romanorigin. Significanthuman activitycan be dated toa round 1100 B Cf rom potterydeposits, with evidenceof BronzeAge habitation inthe form of atomb at thesummit of theAcropolis.The ruins consistof those buildingswhich have surviveda successionof earth-quakes and the town wasabandoned partly because of this,along with the silting up of the harbourand raids by Arab fleets (Fig. 1).The dark outlines of the Romanharbour under the water can be seenon a good day from the Acropolis.[1] Roman city ofAmathusAs you walk in from the ticket office,the first ruins on the left, terraced onthe hillside, are living quarters –possibly houses or barracks (Fig. 2).As you enter the main ruins of theAgora, on the seaward side, there is aviewing platform with a plaqueshowing the salient features of theruins (Fig. 3).Fig. 2. Living quarters – possibly housing or barracks. Photo: © Ken Holt.To the left of the viewing platformare the remains of a small Hellenisticgymnasium and a circular bathhouse(Fig. 4), complete with water tank,seating and changing rooms.With your back to this Gymnasium,and to your immediate left, facingthe Agora is the portico and threeshops at the southern end (fig. 5).To the north end we find threerelatively large water tanks. Thewater used was fed by anunderground tunnel, which emergesfrom a stone arch, into a trough(Fig. 6), which feeds a fountain aswell as the large tank.Another branch of this water supplyruns towards the main bathhousesituated to the east of the site. Thedrain from the main tank iscomprised of a pipe system con-Fig. 1.Showing unexcavated inner harbour behind ticket office, and,outlined by the waves, the submerged outer harbour in the bay.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 3.Agora, with waves breaking over the sunken harbour (top right).Photo: © Ken Holt.3

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 4Fig. 4. Gymnasium baths. Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 8. The town’s main bath-house. Photo: © Ken Holt.pipes – including asubstantial fountainin the middleof the large pavedAgora.Let us now turn our attention to theWestern Hill overlooking the Romantown, on top of which is the series oftemples dedicated to Aphrodite.Fig. 5.Portico with re-used columns, with the hill of the Acropolis in thebackground.Photo: © Ken Holt.structed from re-used stone pillars,bored through and complete withinspection holes, blocked by plugs,some of which are still in situ (Fig. 7).The tank also feeds other parts of thetown by means of pottery (ceramic)The above mentionedclassicbath-house (Fig. 8)was pre s u m a b l ysufficient for theneeds of a smallRoman town. Thel a rger tank stillcontains remnantsof the originalw a t e r p roof cementmembrane andred paint.Large areas of thetown are still unexcavated andcontinue from north of the Agoratowards the city walls, which arepartly excavated at the northern endof the valley.[2] Western Hill of theAcropolisIn Roman times, and earlier, this wasthe site for the religious life of thetown’s citizens. A staircase up to itwas constructed in the first centuryby a certain Kallinikos at his ownexpense. This is commemorated by adedication plaque, in Greek, set intothe cliff face (Fig. 9).This ancient path can still be climbed,but a somewhat easier route is foundby returning to the car park andclimbing up the steps on the pathwaywhich skirts the Christian Basilica –which is to be found next to the road.This impressive hill was stro n g l yfortified and a substantial curtainwall was constructed in the reign ofJustinian, in the sixth century. Later, abarbican and towers wereconstructed to protect against Arabraiders (Fig. 10).The remains on the hilltop includethe palace dating back to 700 BC,little of which is still extant. This wasFig. 6.Water flow outlet into tank.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 7.Columns – re-used as water pipes.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 9.Greek dedication plaque on stairs leadingto Basilica.Photo: © Ken Holt.4

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 5Fig. 12.The reconstructed foundation of the Aphrodite Temple.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 10. The Roman site from the fortified hilltop. Photo: © Ken Holt.built over an earlier habitation sitedating back to 1100 BC. The maininterest from our point of view,however, is the temple complex onthe top. To reach this, one shouldreturn to the eastern path, whichskirts the side of the hill.On reaching the summit of theplateau from the path you are facedwith the spectacle of a massive stoneurn. This urn is a copy (Fig. 11); theoriginal one was ‘rescued’ by theFrench, although the broken onenearby is original. The original urnweighs over 12 tons and is nearly twometres high and three metres indiameter. The decoration on the rimdepicts a bull and palmette design,symbolising life and fertility.To the left lies the sacrificial areawith underg round stables and agrotto, in front of which was af e n c e d - o ff area with a stonetendering ring cut into the rock. Thisarea lies in front of the remains ofthe Temple to Aphrodite dated tothe Hellenistic period – upon whichwas superimposed a Romanequivalent – a classical porticoedconstruction.Its stone was possibly re-used in thelate sixth or early seventh century inthe construction of the ChristianBasilica. This, together with the largepaved area, covered most of the topof the plateau (Fig.13).Of special note are the floors withinthe basilica, made up of manydifferent tile designs (opus sectile)and re-used marble flagstones. Manyof these have been recently coveredup (Figs. 14 and 15).Obviously, water supply must havebeen a serious problem for a sitelocated on top of a hill. The citizensappear to have solved this dilemmaby constructing a large subterraneancistern beneath the basilica area,originally with an arched roof.Fig. 13.The view from the Basilica.Photo: © Ken Holt.Just to the north of this templecomplex is the supposed Tomb ofAriadne – a small hollow near to theedge of the cliff. From this positionFig. 11.A copy of one of the two original urns.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 14.Example of tile design from the floors ofthe Basilica.Photo: © Ken Holt.Fig. 15.A further tile design from the floors ofthe Basilica.Photo: © Ken Holt.5

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 6Fig. 16. The view of the northern defences of Amathus. Photo: © Ken Holt.one achieves a splendid view of theNorthern defences complete withp a rtially excavated curtain wall,towers and water cisterns (Fig 16).The aqueduct comes in at this pointfrom the hills to the north and theremains of this are visible runninga c ross the fieldsnearby.F rom this pointyou should retraceyour steps downto the smallChristian Basilicaand the coastroad. You maywish to cross theroad and join the‘promenade’ – apleasant walktowards the eastfor around 300y a rds and leavethe walkwayw h e re a smallmodern church can be seen acrossthe road. Behind this is a tarmac roadinto a new housing area. Within afew yards, the road turns right. Nextto a house on the bend are a numberof rock cut Roman tombs reached bystone staircases. Down the slopebelow the first tomb are the ruins ofa Roman Mausoleum, unique to thisarea. More tombs follow the sloperound towards the east.Some interesting finds from thesesites can be seen at Limassol museum– including a scale model of theAcropolis as it was in Roman times.I have spent several holidays in thearea of Amathus and have wanderedround at leisure on this interestingsite. Whilst it does not receive asmuch publicity as the other Romansites of Paphos and Curium a visithere is a most rewarding experience,even including the somewhatenergetic climb up to the summit ofthe plateau. This, together with a tripto Limassol museum and Limassolcastle will surely make anunforgettable day.Ken Holt.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ANDCOMMUNICATIONSAs part of an ongoing review of itsoperations and functions, the Boardof Trustees has agreed that Vi xHughes should assume responsibilityfor IT and Communications, with thechange-over being effected by theend of this year. The Boardanticipates this will result inconsiderable improvements in thesea reas to the benefit of all ourmembership. Initially, she will beconcentrating on three areas.The WebsiteSince its inception, the site hasreceived over 13,000 hits. While thisis not a grand figure in comparison toother popular sites such as Twitter orFacebook, it is none the lessencouraging. We are getting a smallbut steady input of new membersand we are ranked second on Googlein response to searches on ’romana rchaeology‘, which is highlyencouraging. Colette Maxfield, ourWebmaster, has recently upgradedthe site to improve presentation. Inview of the lack of interest from themembership, we have put theC h a t room and Picture Gallerytemporarily on hold but Vix is in thep rocess of developing an overallstrategy for the site and hopes toi n t roduce new features andenhancements in the New Year. Anyideas (a r a . e n q u i ry @ h o t m a i l . c o m)would be welcome.The e-NewsletterIn response to a number of requestsfrom members, particularly at theAGM, we will make the Newsletteravailable by e-mail, commencingwith the first issue in 2010, to thosemembers who wish to receive it bythis route rather than by post. To thisend, can members who wish to availthemselves of this facility so indicateto us (a r a . e n q u i ry @ h o t m a i l . c o m)before the end of the year. Weintend to set up a secure e-mailcirculation list on a highly protectedstand-alone machine to accomplishthis. We recommend that onlymembers with fast (Broadband orequivalent) links register themselvesfor this as the file size will be large,and download speeds will otherwisebe excessively slow. Your e-mailaccount must be capable of handlinglarge (megabyte) files. When thisis up and running, we wouldappreciate feedback to improve theservice and remove glitches.Internal CommunicationsMore and more of our communications,particularly with members,i n t e rnally between individualTrustees and with outside bodies, areincreasingly dependent upon e-mails;yet internally, the Association has anumber of problems which areimpeding our processes. We arelooking very carefully at these andare hoping to introduce improvementsby the end of the year torectify them. Again, any suggestionswould be welcome.AcknowledgementWithout the skills and commitmentof Colette Maxfield, none of thep ro g ress we have made on thewebsite would have been possible.We are extremely grateful to her.6

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 7TOWNS IN BRITAIN AD300 - 700A REPORT ON A CONFERENCE AT OXFORD UNIVERSITYTowns in Britain 300 -700 – surelythere is no need for a conference onthis issue? Don’t we all know alreadythere were no towns in Britain afterAD 410, when the Romans turned outthe lights, and left the nativeswithout enough denarii to feed them e t e r. Perhaps so – but severala rchaeologists reviewed theevidence, and gave us someimportant new insights. I provide apersonal summary of the debatewhich took place at OxfordUniversity in March 2009. Thanks toRoger White, Simon Loseby, JasonWood and Mark Corney for generoushelp in obtaining the illustrations.The evidence from BritanniaPrima – Roger White –University of BirminghamPhilip Barker’s seminal work onWroxeter suggests that town lifesurvived for a while after the Romans‘ d e p a rted’, but towns wereabandoned during the fifth century –largely because they were no longerre q u i red. Towns were not anessential part of human society, andonly survived as long as they wereneeded. Figure 1 shows the numberof towns that seem to haveeventually disappeared. He showedhow even Wroxeter graduallydecayed as it changed its purpose,e.g. the removal of the basilica roofin the early sixth century, althoughthe shell continued to be used as amarket. Figure 2 shows the ultimatedecay at Caerwent.Roger presented tables showing thepresence of key features of urban lifein the small towns of Britannia Prima.They had more zeros than ticks. TheyIntroduction to the issues –Professor Mike Fulford –University of ReadingThe decrease in the production ofpottery and use of coinage seem toconfirm the decline of towns. Butcontrary evidence may have beenmissed, because it was notrecognised, or was removed withoutp roper interpretation. Wherestratigraphy survives there arepointers to post-Roman activity.Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are oftenlocated just outside the town, e.g.C o l c h e s t e r, Caistor- b y - N o rw i c h ,D o rc h e s t e r, Winchester andCanterbury. In Colchester at ButtRoad, excavations have re v e a l e dsome early Saxon occupation,including a fifth-century wooden hutbuilt on the ruins of a Roman housein present-day Lion Walk. Somecentres show renewal in Saxon times.At Venta Icenorum coins, other metalitems, and pottery of the seventh andeighth centuries have been found inthe area opposite the west gate.Venta Icenorum may have becomeonce again an important regionalcentre in the Middle Saxon period.T h e re are ‘g ru b e n h a u s e r’ datingfrom the fifth and seventh centuries,so what happened in the sixthcentury? Similar questions can beasked of other sites. There are sixthand seventh century grubenhauser inCanterbury. Did towns disappear orchange in function and character?Fig. 1. Former Roman towns in the west. Plan: © Roger White.7

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 8Fig. 2. The fate of Caerwent. Photo: © Roger White.can be found in his book entitledBritannia Prima. Some towns mayhave bucked the trend, e.g. Chesterwhere a Bishop and a Synod arerecorded for AD 617. There weretowns in the fifth and sixth centuries– but small and unimpre s s i v e .Romans would not have consideredthem towns. There were few publicbuildings – a few churches but mainlyoutside the walls. Industry was smallscalemetal and bone working.Houses and other buildings were oftimber.A fuller discussion in a longer version ofthis report is available. This also includesuseful re f e rences. Please contactrebecca_isis@yahoo.co.uk if you wouldlike a copy.Late Roman and early post-Roman Leicester – RichardBuckley – University LeicesterArchaeological ServicesUntil recently, evidence for activity inthese periods remained elusive, butsome has been provided by recentlarge-scale redevelopment projects.The Highcross Development siteseems to show continuousoccupation since Roman times,leading to over 3.5 metres ofarchaeological deposits. A large postbuiltstru c t u re was discovere d ,p e rhaps a hall, cutting into asubstantial area of what may havebeen the Roman macellum. Resultshave not yet been fully evaluated, sothe issue of sub-Roman activity is stillopen.Verulamiumbetween theRomans and Saxons – RosNiblett – University CollegeLondonEvidence is accumulating forcontinuing, ifdiminished, fifthc e n t u ry occupationin thetown. There is thefifth centurywater-pipe foundby Frere in InsulaXXVII, and there f e rence to St.G e rmanus‘s visitto St. Albans.Early Saxon settlementis larg e l yabsent, and asmall British populationenclavemay have still been there when Offafounded a monastery on the site ofSt. Alban’s grave. It may besignificant that the Late Saxonabbots had ‘problems’ with theKingsbury area, which they claimedwas the residence of ‘strumpets’, andeventually persuaded Edgar to sell itto the Abbey. But was it ane m b a rrassing area where theoriginal, but heretical, British stilllived?Silchester – the end of anearly medieval town – MikeFulford – University ofReadingThe town continued to be vibrantbeyond the early fifth century, butd i ff e re n t l y. The former Foru mBasilica was used for iron-making inthe fourth century and continuedinto the fifth century. Wells remainedin use in the fifth century as didf o u rth century pottery styles –evidence of a resident populationbut with diminished economicactivity. A dwarf column with Celtic‘Ogham script’ (developed in Irelandlate fourth century) is found dumpedin a well along with coins ofTheodosius, and cattle bones arestuffed into a second well. This mayindicate a ritual ‘closure’ of the citysometime after 500.From Durovernum toDurobernia CanterburyAD 300 - 700 – AndrewRichardson – Finds ManagerCanterbury ArchaeologicalTrustThe Tannery and Marlow Car Parksites show signs of rebuilding late inthe fourth century, and perhaps earlyin the fifth century, but it is not clearhow long after AD 410 thesebuildings continued in use. In theAugustine House excavations someoccupation along the southernf rontage of Watling Street isbelieved to have continued into theAnglo-Saxon period. There is someevidence for occupation andindustrial activity – kilns – to then o rth-east of Augustine House.Anglo-Saxon structures are foundafter AD 450, but there may be a gapin the early fifth century.There are many examples of irregularburials in the late fourth century –bodies are thrown into a pit to getrid of them, rather than buried. Is thisevidence of a plague? Was this thereason for the evacuation of the city– not the Roman departure? It wouldexplain the odd hiatus in buildinglasting perhaps only 50 years. Afterc. AD 600 a new street pattern beginsto emerge. What happened c. AD 425to c. 590 is not clear.Under the Portable AntiquitiesScheme, coin finds suggest ascenario. Coin loss across East Kent inthe fifth century is significant. Thereis a considerable density of findsoutside Canterbury, especiallyaround Faversham. In the mid-sixthcentury this becomes an importantproduction centre, perhaps becauseof its access to the Wansum Channel,which provides access to Kent fromScandinavia. But there is a markedabsence of coins found inCanterbury. Canterbury seems to beinitially peripheral to the earliestpost-Roman activity in England. Butits strategic location and the politicalambition of Ethelbert power a‘comeback’. Perhaps Augustine’smission was pre - a rranged as adiplomatic coup, to supportEthelbert’s ambitions to rule all ofKent.Roman York – Fourth Centuryand Beyond – Mark Whyman –York Archaeological TrustMark re p o rted on his re c e n tunpublished PhD study of evidencefrom the Wellington Row excavationin the colonia. Coins with a terminuspost quem of AD 367, and evidenceof rebuilding in this period mayindicate continued occupation wellinto the fifth century. Coins ofTheodosius have been found, alsoevidence of alterations to existing8

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 9Fig. 3.Elite houses at Caerwent in their prime.Crown copyright © – image courtesy of CADW.buildings. It is difficult to date theduration of each phase precisely, sowe cannot be sure exactly how longthis occupation continued. However,the fabric of ceramics match somefrom York Minster, which is definitelypost-Roman.Towns of Britain – like orunlike those on thecontinent? Simon EsmondCleary – University ofBirminghamTowns in Britain in the fourth centuryperiod, e.g. at Caerwent, functionedto provide for the élite who sawthemselves as Roman aristocrats.South of the Loire, and in Britain,there was less emphasis on defenceand more on villa life, luxurious andintellectual – reading Vi rgil, orcommissioning late mosaics, e.g. atS a i n t - B e rtrand-de-Comminges (Fig. 5).In contrast towns in Gaul north of theLoire were highly militarised controlpoints, e.g. Amiens. Villas in northernGaul are rare in the fourth century.Instead, local aristocrats show off bycopying the military.Similarities gave way to differencesin fifth century Britain and Gaul. InGaul, Visigoths take over manycultural Roman features unchanged,e.g. Argonne Ware. Towns acquirewalls, a bishop and a church orepiscopal basilica. Britain goes itsown way. The market seems to breakdown, perhaps because military taxrequirements no longer drive theeconomy.London –Derek Keene –Institute ofHistoricalResearch(University ofLondon)London was stillimportant in thefourth century –and carried thetitle Augusta. AFig. 4.new defensivec i rcuit was builtsometime after the visit of Constans.The riverside wall was strengthened,and bastions were added, perhaps toc o n t rol approaches up the RiverThames. A new stone building nearTower Hill may have been a cathedralor a warehouse/granary. Silver ingotsof the late fourth and early fifthcentury suggest military importance– they were probably for payment ofsoldiers and administrators. Londonlost its original purpose when the‘Roman’ government machine ceasedto operate, but there are fifthc e n t u ry finds – an Anglo-Saxonbrooch in a bathhouse, pottery atClerkenwell and St. Brides. A pewteringot found in the river Thames nearBattersea stamped with the nameSyagrius may refer to a fifth centuryruler of Northern France who wasmurdered in AD 487. The post-Romanmint in London issued imperialisticstyle gold coins. There may havebeen a royal residence or enclave forthe East Saxon sub-kings where St.Paul’s Cathedral now stands. A goldsolidus of Eadbald dated 630 showsSt. Paul’s. However, there was noBishop of London until 660.The focus in London shiftedwestwards to Covent Garden – arecent sub-Roman burial found at St.Plan of Montmaurin Villa, near Toulouse.Image courtesy of Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Republique Française.Martin’s in the Fields church mayaccord with Roman practice againstburial within the limits of a town. Noevidence has yet been found ofbuilding between the period ofL o n d i n i u m and L u n d e n w i c, butmigration of towns to a new site wasnot uncommon in this period, asSimon Loseby showed for Tours.Towns in Britain – the viewfrom Gaul – Simon Loseby –University of SheffieldSimon considered towns in Britain inthis period did not exist. In contrastrecent work on Tours by the Frencharchaeologist H. Galinie shows therecognisable urban character natureof post-Roman towns in Gaul. Thea rchaeological evidence showschanges consistent with thecontinued existence of the city,although its size declines, and oldfeatures such as the amphitheatrewere abandoned. A new focal pointgrows to the west. This is surroundedby new walls – probably bothdefensive and symbols of urbanstatus. New Christian buildings springup alongside the open-planresidential area. In comparisonBritish towns were little more than9

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 10Fig. 5.St. Bertrand-des-Comminges. Forum baths and temple with the late Roman walls on the hilltopbeyond.Photo: courtesy of Jason Wood.distinguish between decline of townsand decline in wealth orsophistication, particularly in thewestern and south-west regions ofBritain. Elite landowners remain butp e rhaps take over the role ofbishops. The church is a sign of status,but is more akin to a house church –perhaps in the villa complex itself,e.g. the possible Baptistery atBradford-on-Avon. These differencesmay be due perhaps to the different‘invaders’ and / or indigenousresidents. Towns do not developthemselves, but are developed bypeople to reflect their needs andtraditions. Future research shouldfocus on how changing socialprocesses led to different histories,rather than on league tables ofphysical characteristics and modernexpectations of a town.semi-abandoned villages. Powerwhich had been exercised from villas,moved to adjacent defensible hillforts especially in the south-west, e.g.South Cadbury (Fig. 6). Local élitesretreat into their own ‘gated’ estates,or in some areas to rural palaces, e.g.Yeavering. In Britain, towns had tobe later either rescued or re-inventedas a symbol of religion – Canterbury,or as trading centres – Hamwic.leaves the question of what is a realtown, and which term can be usedfor other settlements. We need toRebecca Newman.PERSONAL CONCLUSIONSThe weekend provided some newevidence to revise the conventionalpictures of either continuity or acatastrophic sudden disappearanceof towns. Perhaps we need torecognise gradual changes infunctions which lead to significantchanges in character. There wasconsiderable abandonment inBritain, but this process could havetaken nearly two centuries – from asearly as AD 300, and continuing wellafter AD 410.Simon noted that many Fre n c harchaeologists do not consider evenGallic centres to be real towns. ThisFig. 6.Proximity of villas and hillforts in south-west England. Hillforts with confirmed post-Romanactivity (red) and probable activity (pink). For names request Rebecca’s fuller report.Image courtesy of Mark Corney.A MAGNIFICENT STRETCHOF ROAD AND GRANARIESFOUND AT VINDOLANDAA superb section of the viaprincipalis, the central road linkingthe fort with the vicus outside, hasbeen uncovered at Vindolanda onH a d r i a n ’s Wall. Constructed ofmassive flagstones it survives virtuallyintact and has been described as thefinest stretch of Roman road to beseen in the north of England.Flanking it are the 1.5m high remainsof two beautifully built stonebuildings. Initial thinking places theiroriginal construction at aro u n dAD213 followed by demolition at theend of the century and rebuilding atthe beginning of the next. One seemsto have been intended from the startas a granary but the other appears tohave been a warehouse, mostprobably for foodstuffs. Both had along history and were finallydestroyed by a great fire in the latef o u rth century, but were againoccupied and were still in use in someform, until at least the ninth century.Vindolanda 2008 Excavations.www.vindolanda.com10

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 11BOOK REVIEWSBristol in 1807Impressions of the city at thetime of AbolitionAnthony BeesonRedcliffe PressISBN 978-1-906593-26-1240 pp., 37 illustrations in colourand 158 in black & white.Paperback £10.00.Review by Gavin SiddollThe publication of a new book byone of the ARA’s Board of Trustees isnot a notable event in itself, and itmight be considered that a book onearly nineteenth century Bristol haslittle claim to be featured in thesepages. However, Anthony Beeson’slook into the follies, culture andhorrors of late Georgian Bristol is afascinating volume that this reviewerbelieves will be of interest to mostARA members.The book arises from the researchdone by Anthony Beeson for theextremely successful Heritage Lotteryfunded exhibition held at TheCentral Reference Library in Bristolf rom 2007 to 2008. Althougharranged as part of the nation-wideevents commemorating theAbolition of Slavery, from the startthis exhibition was planned as beingabout everyday life in the city as livedby all classes and creeds in that yearand not yet another breast-beatinge x e rcise about slavery. Furt h e rfunding from the HLF enabled thewishes of visitors to the exhibition tocome to pass, and a permanentrecord of all the research done forthe exhibition to be published. Theresulting lavishly produced, butmodestly priced, volume is the lastinglegacy to the exhibition and to thewriter. As might be expected from anauthor who is a committed Romanistthe book includes a chapter entitledSea Mills: In Search of Ancient Rome,that includes a rare account by G. W.Manby of the Roman settlement as itappeared to the antiquarian visitorat the time, and of other such sites inthe area where visitors from Bristolcould be close to their ancestors. Ofparticular interest in the Sea Millschapter is a mid-eighteenth centurymap of the area that shows the fieldboundaries on the site of thesettlement appearing to mimic theknown streets of the Roman port.This, like many of the colour andblack and white illustrations in thebook, have never before beenpublished.The chapter on costume I found ap a rticular delight. The author’srecent discovery that the classicaldress so typical of the women ofthe period derives from EmmaHamilton’s attempts to introduce herG recian styles was of part i c u l a rinterest. Her invention of an undergarmentthat resulted in the wearerappearing pregnant whilst aping theshape of the ’Grecian Venus‘ securedthe style and the followers that it hadpreviously lacked. By 1807 the stateof women’s dress was scandalisingRoman Mosaics ofBritainVolume III South-East BritainD. S. Neal and S. R. CoshSociety of Antiquaries of LondonISBN 978-0-85431-289-4606 pp., 530 illustrations, many incolour.Hardback.Review ContributedThe launch of the third volume of theRomano-British mosaic corpus tookplace at the apartments of theSociety of Antiquaries in BurlingtonHouse, Piccadilly, London on 25thJune. It was a fairly low-key affair,being for a middle volume of theseries. It was accompanied by brieflectures by the authors, David Nealand Steve Cosh. Volume III of thisfour volume set, describing andthe press and gre a t l yemploying the satiricalc a rtoonists. “From Bombazeento Bum-be-Seen”joked one cartoon feature din the illustrations.These are just twochapters out of manyequally fascinating, in abook that it is a truedelight to dip into. Fromtales of rude and idleboys to a schoolmasterwho invented a boyspanking machine and a kitep ropelled carriage, in which hetransported his family and horse (ona trailer) to Marlborough for the day,or of Slut, the pig, who loved to actlike a pointer dog. The author hasincluded reprints of long forgottenpoems of the period, newspaperreports and accounts by residentsand visitors to the city “by mudcemented and by smoke obscur’d”.Bristol in 1807 is more than a bookabout one provincial city. It is amicrocosm of England itself at thatperiod. A land where one could getrich on the national lottery or ruinedby the war with France. I thoroughlyenjoyed it. It proves that whateverthe age we live in, we are basicallystill the same Britons.An illustration from Part One. Bancroft Romanvilla, Buckinghamshire, from a painting byD. S. Neal.illustrating all the Romano-Britishmosaics, covers Berkshire, Buckinghamshire,Essex, Hampshire and the11

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 12Isle of Wight, Hertfordshire, Kent,London, Surrey and Sussex. It ispublished in two parts, and has 606pages with 530 figures, many incolour. The mosaics are put into theirarchitectural context and the volumealso includes numerous buildingplans of villas and townhouses.South-East England was veryimportant in the history of RomanBritain, not least because most of themajor cities lie in that re g i o n :London, Colchester, Ve ru l a m i u m,Winchester, Silchester, Chichester andCanterbury. It is also where most ofthe mosaics dated to the first andsecond century are found, notsurprising given its proximity to Gaul.The fine series of black-and-whitemosaics from Fishbourne RomanPalace are well-known, and closeparallels for them occur in what isnow France; but several other sites inKent, Sussex and Essex have similarmosaics, although often, sadly,fragmentary. The majority of secondcenturymosaics are found in thisregion, mostly from townhouses.The study also has significance for thehistory of late Roman Britain. Manyvillas and towns of South-East Britainwere in decline during the fourthcentury, and the few mosaics thatwere commissioned appear to be bycraftsmen from the West Country.This is particularly evident by theenormous mosaic from Old BroadStreet, London, which is very similarto some around Ilchester in Somersetand datable to after AD 350. It is ashame that nothing more is knownof this building, perhaps theresidence of an important lateRoman official. On the other hand, ahouse from Verulamium (Insula XXVI,Building 2), much quoted as havingevidence for the continuation of thetown well into the fifth century, withmosaics laid at the end of the fourthcentury, has been shown to be muchearlier. Nevertheless, the fine fourthce n t u ry mosaics from villas atLullingstone (Kent), Bignor (Sussex)and Brading (Isle of Wight) areincluded, accompanied by lavish fullpagecoloured illustrations in thismagnificent volume.For further details and ordering, visitthe Oxbow website:www.oxbowbooks.comA Guide to theMosaics in theCorinium MuseumCorinium Museum publicationISBN 978-0-904925-24-124 page booklet, printed in colourthroughout.£2.50 plus postage.Review by Gavin SiddollThis handy booklet is very useful inillustrating the majority of themosaics on display in the CoriniumMusuem, Cirencester. It would beadvantageous for any visitorp roposing to visit the museumspecifically to view the mosaics toobtain a copy beforehand, so thatthey might appreciate the finerpoints of the mosaics on display.The Foreword, by Dr. John Paddock(Curator of Museums), sets out apotted history of the discovery of themosaics from the Cirencester area,from the earliest, recorded in thesixteenth century, up to the presentday. The text has been conciselywritten by Dr. Patricia Witts, a notedspecialist in Romano-British figuredmosaics. The description gives detailsof where found, the circumstancesleading up to the discovery and a fullinterpretation of the iconographydepicted on the mosaic.There are 14 pages set out as ’A Tourof the Mosaics in the CoriniumMuseum’, and this is followed bysections on lifting and preservingmosaics with half a page on thehistory of the actual Museum andhow it was established.The last few pages contain a shortresource and reading list, a plan ofthe main mosaic discoveries inC i rencester and a map of theCotswolds showing sites of Romaninterest.Altogether a well designed andthought out booklet, which couldp e rhaps have benefited fro mprinting on a higher grade matt artpaper to give greater ‘lift’ to theillustrations.SARCOPHAGI FOUND INNEWCASTLE CITY CENTRETwo substantial high qualitysandstone sarcophagi have beenuncovered by a team from DurhamUniversity in Forth Street, Newcastle.The uninscribed sarcophagi arecarved from single blocks of stoneand fitted with gabled lids. Theywere found just outside the westgate of the fort of Pons Aelius. Theywould have originally stood by theroadside, closely side by side, andpossibly in a funerary garden. Thereare indi-cations that a third oncecompleted what was probably afamily group, but that it wasremoved in the Middle Ages. Thesarcophagi would not have beenburied but appeared rather in themanner of eighteenth century tabletombs by the side of the road.It is thought that the road surfaceu n c o v e red may be Roman DereStreet which entered the fort here.The lids were found intact but theskeletons had decayed. One held theremains of a six year old child and anadult’s remains had been added at alater date; the child’s skull wasmissing. The second held the remainsof another adult and was still sealedwith iron pegs and lead; bothsarcophagi were full of water. Theeast – west alignment and lack ofgrave goods suggest Christian burials.The site also yielded militarycremation urns and foundations ofshops and houses.Times – 15.08.200812

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 13ANTHONY BEESON RETIRES ASBRISTOL’S ART LIBRARIANAfter 37 years in Bristol as the city’sArt Librarian, ARA Trustee AnthonyBeeson has taken early retirementand is leaving the Library service inSeptember. Having previously workedat the Courtauld Institute of Art’slibrary and two reference libraries,Anthony moved to Bristol in 1972 totake up the appointment of Fine ArtLibrarian and to run the recentlyfounded specialist Fine Art Librarybased at the city’s Central Library.Over the years Anthony developedthis into one of the finest collectionsof books on all forms of the nonpe rf o rming arts, collectables andcrafts available to the public outsideof London. It became a much lovedand respected institution andspawned imitations in other towns,both in Britain and abroad. Manypeople, now in high places in the artworld, have fond and gratefulmemories of Anthony helping themwhilst they were students.As a staunch defender of culture andthe City’s heritage, Anthony has hadto fight against much corporatestupidity since the 1980s. The cry thatart was ‘elitist’ and only of relevanceto the wealthy amongst certain localcouncillors in the mid 80s resulted inthe Art Library reluctantly droppingthe ‘Fine’ part of its title as adefensive measure. Popular outrageat an attempt to close it around thistime resulted in a hasty reprieve. Thelibrary lasted intact with its specialists t a ff until 1997 when a pogro magainst the Central Library’s specialistd e p a rtments saw the Commerc i a lLibrary, the Music Library and the ArtLibrary robbed of almost all theirspecialist staff and Bristol of years ofspecialist knowledge and expertise.The reason given to the media by thehead of committee for the wiping outof this expertise was tragicallycomical:“It’s no good having all these people,is it, at the end of the day with allthis knowledge in their head, whichisn’t written down anywhere or isn’tanywhere else? All this knowledgecan go into that computer”.As no one had explained to theCouncillors that the city’s ITd e p a rtment was not yet at thenecessary stage for brain transfers,the city was denuded of years ofexpertise overnight and the oncevibrant Music library left without anystaff who could read music!Although much valuable art stock waslost to the public at this dark time andthe Art Library split between floors inthe building, Anthony tenaciouslysurvived as the City’s Art Librarian.F u rther intended outrages bysuccessive heads of libraries and theirmasters against him and otherp rofessional staff were generallybeaten off by public anger from artand library supporters in the city.Anthony’s years of devotion to hiswork and to the public have resultedin a loyal following amongst manyBristolians who are always willing torise to the defence.A man of many specialisms rangingfrom English ceramics to designinganatomically accurate toy dinosaurs,Anthony’s devotion to the ancientworld, and particularly that of Greeceand Rome started at the earliest aget h rough Greek myths. It wascompounded by Hollywood when atthe age of seven he saw the filmHelen of Troy. It was an event thatinfluenced his subsequent life. Afterthat experience he read and collectedeverything he could on the art andarchitecture of the Aegean, Egyptianand Classical world. He was greatlyi n t e rested in Roman sculpture ,architecture, painting and mosaicsand joined ASPROM within a year ofits founding in the late 70s where hemet Bryn Walters and our myself(Editor). An early member of theFriends of the Roman Research Trust,Anthony was also in at the foundingof its successor, The Association forRoman Archaeology.Amongst the many benefits the publichas from Anthony’s tenure as Bristol’sArt Librarian is a splendid stock ofbooks on the art of the ancient world.He has written and lectured on the artof Roman Britain and appeared onChannel 4’s Time Team. In recent yearsAnthony has published two books.Charles Holden and Bristol CentralLibrary (2006) and this year Bristol in1807. Anthony’s retirement will bemourned by many colleagues andmembers of the public in Bristol whonevertheless wish him all happiness.David GollinsA NEW SHRINE TO JUPITERDOLICHENUS DISCOVEREDAT VINDOLANDAExcavations this year just inside theramparts adjoining the North Gate atthe fort of Vindolanda on Hadrian’sWall have discovered what appearsto be a unique shrine to the easterndeity Jupiter Dolichenus. Usually suchshrines are found without the walls,but this had been cut into therampart mound. Traces of animalsacrifice and what has been interpreted as remnants of re l i g i o u sfeasting have been identified. Theremains of two altars have beenfound. One is massive and standssome 110 cms high and weighs about1.5 tons. The top has been smashed inantiquity but the sides and inscribedfront, with its inscription, are wellpreserved. On one side the utensils ofsacrifice, the jug and patera arecarved, whilst the other bears a reliefof the god in his traditional pose,standing on the back of a bull andbrandishing an axe and a thunderbolt.The altar had been dedicated tothe god by Sulpicius Pudens, Prefectof the fourth Cohort of Gauls, who isalready known to us from anotheraltar found built into the mediaevaltower of Staward Pele, near toVindolanda.Jupiter Dolichenus originated fromDoliche (modern Duluk) in southernTurkey and was originally an ancientweather god. Under Rome he wasequated with Jupiter OptimusMaximus and his worship spread allover the Roman world, only failingwhen the ancient sanctuary wassacked by the Persians in the AD 250s.A recent find of an inscription fromChesters on the Wall proves thatworship was still continuing onHadrian’s Wall as late as 286. JunoDolichena, the eastern equivalent ofthe Roman’s Juno, was portrayed, likeher consort, as standing on an animal.In this case it was a heifer. A fine butbroken statue of the goddess wasdiscovered, again at Chesters.Only the bottom half survived of thesecond altar discovered this year atthe Vindolanda shrine, but enoughremained to show that this wasdedicated by a prefect of the SecondCohort of Nervians. This regimentwas subsequently moved to the fortat Whitley Castle in the third century.Vindolanda Press release – 14.07.2009www.vindolanda.com13

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 14ROMAN CYPRUS:SALAMIS AND OTHER NORTHERN SITESThe History of SalamisLegend states that Salamis wassettled in the eleventh century BC byTeucer, disowned by his father KingTelamon of Salamis in Greece whenhe failed to prevent or avenge thedeath of his brother Ajax at Troy. Thecity might also have been settled bypeople moving from the nearby LateB ronze Age city of Enkomi,relocating after a natural disaster orbecause their port silted up.Salamis was recorded on a stele asone of several kingdoms submittingto the Assyrian King Sargon II in707 BC. Rule over the kingdoms ofC y p rus passed to the Egyptians(c.570 BC), then the Persians (545 BC).Alexander the Great won Cyprusfrom the Persians; after his death,generals Ptolemy and Antigonusbattled for the island. King Nicocreonof Salamis sided with Ptolemy, whoeventually won victory in 294 BC. ThePtolemies made Salamis their capitalin Cyprus; this honour later passed toPaphos. In 58 BC Cyprus became aRoman possession; it later passedback to Cleopatra, but returned toRome after the Battle of Actium(31 BC).The original city made use of anatural harbour to the south of thearchaeological park; this silted up,and the city was rebuilt further to thenorth. Construction work was doneafter an earthquake in the time ofAugustus, and the city was rebuiltafter another quake in AD 76. Aninscription refers to repairs to theroof of one of the cold baths underTrajan. During the Jewish Revolt( AD 116) Salamis was heavilydamaged. A dedication to Hadrian,the ‘benefactor of the Salamniansand Saviour of the World’ was foundwhen the theatre was excavated.The city was hit by an earthquake inAD332; a second quake in AD342was accompanied by a tidal wave.Emperor Constantius II rebuilt thecity on a smaller scale and renamed itConstantia. After a series of Arabraids (from AD647) the city wasgradually abandoned, andFamagusta became the area’s maintown.Salamis Archaeological SiteSalamis, St. Barnabas and severalother sites in north Cyprus providef ree guided tours in English. Irecommend this service; beforevisiting you might want to contactthe North Cyprus Tourism Centre(www.northcyprus.cc, 020 7631 1930)to check when a guide is available.The English-speaking guide forSalamis, Ms Serap Kanay, is friendlyand helpful; the site has anotherguide who gives tours in German.The ticket office sells a few booksand bottled drinks, and can provide aleaflet describing the site. In northCyprus there are currently no sitespecificguide books, as there arefewer tourists than in the south.There’s a decent café by the car parkoutside the site. The site has goodtoilet facilities near the entrance(Fig. 1).The palaestra and baths, the mostimpressive buildings on the site, wereFig. 1. Map of Salamis site. Map: © Nich Hogben.excavated in the 1950s. Dr. VassosK a r a g e o rghis, the lead excavator,studied under Sir Mortimer Wheelerat the University of London. Themajority of Dr. Karageorghis’s labourf o rce were women from localvillages, employed because theycould be paid a lower wage thanmen.The palaestra is a large courtyardsurrounded on all four sides by stoae(Fig. 2). Dr. Karageorghis arrangedfor the Byzantine era pillars to bere-erected around the palaestra – avery striking sight. The east stoa,adjoining the baths, was probablybuilt in the Augustan period. Thenarrower stoae on the other threesides of the palaestra were addedlater. The courtyard was originallyused as a gymnasium and had a sandfloor, but in the Byzantine era opussectile was laid. A statue of Augustusonce stood in the centre.The east stoa’s opus sectile flooringincludes slabs with whole andpartial Latin andGreek inscriptions.Beneath it, earlierpebble flooring isexposed. Karage o rghis excavatedbeneath theflooring at thenorth end of thestoa, and revealedmasonry that hebelieved dates asearly as the fourthc e n t u ry BC. Ateither end of theeast stoa is a roomwith a smallrectangular swimmingpool: theremains of anearlier oval poolare visible in theroom at the northend of the eaststoa. During excavation,statuesw e re discovere din drains underthe east stoa andnearby. Some arenow displayed inthe Cyprus Arc h a e -ological Museum14

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 15Fig. 2. The palaestra, looking north-west. Photo: © Nich Hogben. Fig. 5. Caldarium, looking west. Photo: © Nich Hogben.at Nicosia, while a mix of original andreplica statues surround the northpool.Rooms lead off from all sides of thepalaestra; those on the north andwest sides are overgrown. In thesouth-west corner, behind a waterfeature, there is a marvellous semicircularlatrine with seating for 44(Fig. 3). A smaller and more opulentlatrine to the north of the baths isknown as the ‘royal’ or ‘women’s’latrine.From the east stoa, you can enter thebaths through two small squarefrigidaria with octagonal cold pools.Between them is the west hall, arectangular sudatorium. The floor inthe west hall has three levels (most ofthe lower level has collapsed,revealing the hypocaust) and in aniche above the southern entrance isa vivid fresco of Hylas and thenymph, from the A rg o n a u t i c a(Fig. 4).Fig. 4. Hylas and the Nymph fresco. Photo: © Nich Hogben.To the east of the frigidaria and westhall are three large rectangular hallswith apsidal east ends. The north halland south hall are sudatoria; the hallbetween them is a caldarium (Fig. 5).T h e re are mosaic fragments inalcoves in these chambers, protectedwhen they were blocked up in theByzantine period. The best preservedmosaics are in the south hall: oneportrayed Apollo and Artemis killingN i o b e ’s childre n ,the other showsE u rotas and theswan from thestory of Leda.part of a stadium(Karageorghis describedit as axystos, or runningcourse). While thearea is overgrown,other traces of thestadium can befound – I disco v e red whatappears to be thebase of a roundtower.The sub-structureof an oval amphitheatre,built onthe site of the eastend of thestadium, is also visible (Fig. 7). Aninscription found at the theatrestates that Servius Sulpicius PanclesVeranianus, who lived in the Flavianperiod, repaired the amphitheatre,perhaps after the earthquakes ofAD 76.Salamis’s theatre, to the south of theamphitheatre, was probably built inthe Augustan period (Fig. 8). It onceFig. 3. Semi-circular latrine. Photo: © Nich Hogben.To the south ofthe baths are twol a rge c i s t e rn s, oneof them vaulted(Fig. 6). They sit atthe end of anaqueduct whichruns on a ridgef rom the west.The stepped southwall of the largercistern was onceFig. 6. Vaulted cistern, formerly part of the stadium. Photo: © Nich Hogben.15

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 16Fig. 7. Amphitheatre foundations. Photo: © Nich Hogben.had 50 tiers of seats and seated15,000 people. The current theatre,reconstructed in the 1960s, only has19 tiers of seats, and only a handfulof the original white limestonedressedseats remain. The walls of the40 metre wide stage are visible, whilethe remains of the walls of themassive proscenium are overgrown.At either end of the diameter of theorchestra is a cylindrical statue base(re-used funerary cippi); they haveinscriptions in honour of Marc u sAurelius Commodus, and the CaesarsConstantius and Maximianus.When the s c e n a e f ro n s w a sexcavated, they discovered theinscription to Hadrian and severalstatues, including those of ApolloMusagetes (leader of the Muses) andMelpomene, the Muse of tragedy.Debris and ashes were found aroundthe outer wall of the theatre andbetween the radiating walls of thea u d i t o r i u m ’s sub-stru c t u re; Dr.Karageorghis believed this was fromwooden houses, built in thecollapsed outer stru c t u re of thetheatre by squatters, which wered e s t royed by Arab raids in theseventh century.To the west of the theatre is an areaknown as the fish market, which iscurrently under excavation by a jointteam from Ankara University and theUniversity at Famagusta. On the eastside of a small colonnaded square is arectangular chamber with twocounters. Inset into the counters,three on each side, are shallow whitesemi-circular basins, heavily restored(Fig. 9). The excavators believe thesewere used to display fish.To the west of the fish market are thehigh-walled remains of a solidly builtbathhouse. Three large rectangularchambers and part of a fourth havebeen excavated, and there are stillpieces of marble on the floors andwalls.Running south from the square is acolonnaded ro a d, also re c e n t l yexcavated (Fig. 10). Two levels ofFig. 9. The fish market. Photo: © Nich Hogben.road have been exposed – the secondcentury road is well preserved as itwas protected by the fourth centurystreet. To the west of the road arethe remains of a three-chamberedcistern.Further south, to the west of thecolonnaded road, are the remains ofthe small villa. This is thought to bethe Roman house with bathsexcavated by Max Ohnefalsch-Richterin 1882: he claimed to have found anOrpheus mosaic. Two praefurniaeand two tiny pools are visible inrooms at the north end of thebuilding, but sadly the mosaic is not.To the south-west of the small villa isthe start of the Byzantine wall,which you can follow almost as far asthe agora; to the south-east is aByzantine cistern. The guide told methat she’d been in there once, butthat it wasn’t safe to enter as it isoccupied by snakes. My guide bookf rom 1970 states it has fadedpaintings, including an aquatic scene,and inscriptions from the sixthcentury.Fig. 8. Theatre auditorium, from the proscenium. Photo: © Nich Hogben.Fig. 10. Colonnaded road, looking north. Photo: © Nich Hogben.16

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 17Fig. 11. Large villa, olive press and strainer. Photo: © Nich Hogben. Fig. 13. Partially cleared cistern. Photo: © Nich Hogben.Further south-west is the large fifthcentury villa, excavated by a Frenchteam in 1969. This two-store ymansion has an apsidal receptionhall, an inner court y a rd, livingquarters and a well. There are smallsections of painted plaster on thewalls of one corridor, and fragmentsof carved stone panels around thecourtyard. The building was laterused as an oil mill: in the receptionhall there is a big olive press and astrainer (Fig. 11).South-west of the large villa is theKampanopetra basilica, comprisingtwo courtyards, a three-aisled churchwith rooms running down either sideand apses at the end, and behind theapses, baths. The better preservedcourtyard is surrounded by roomsand has a well in the middle. Thereare empty sarcophagi in the southernaisle of the church. In the nave’s apsethere is a synthronon – a semi-circularplatform, stepped like a theatre, forthe clerg y ’s thrones. The wellpreservedopus sectile flooring in thebaths includes a marvellous circularshield pattern made from triangularpieces (Fig. 12).It is only a short walk from the bathsto the sea. The site of the harbour isnearby; visitors arriving at ByzantineConstantia from the sea may havevisited the basilica and its baths forritual purification before enteringthe city.To the south of the Byzantine wall isan overgrown area known as thegranite forum, due to the numberof massive columns made fro mEgyptian granite lying around thearea; their presence was recorded byRichard Pococke, who visited the sitein 1738. Nearby is a deep octagonalfeature of uncertain purpose; my1970 guide book speculates that itmight have been a water clock.The Basilica of St. Epiphanius, thelargest in Cyprus, is said to have beenbuilt while St. Epiphanius was bishopof C o n s t a n t i a ( AD 3 86 - 403). Theoriginal church had seven aisles: awide nave and three narrow aisles oneither side, with apses on the naveand two inner aisles. The nave’s apsehas a synthronon; behind it runs as e m i - c i rcular passage, joining thetwo aisles that flank the nave. Therea re strips of mosaic floor in astructure to the north-east of thenave. Geometric mosaic is also visibleon the floor of a later, small chapel,to the north-west of the basilica’snave.The great cistern, or vouta, to then o rth end of the a g o r a is animpressive structure. The soil hasbeen cleared from half of thebuilding, revealing three rows ofsquare pillars, which would probablyhave supported a vaulted ceiling(Fig. 13).The agora is also called the stoneforum, to distinguish it from thegranite forum. One column stands atthe north end, near to the cistern.The agora is overgrown, but at thesouth-east end the remains ofbuildings, perhaps shops, are visible,and lower drums from columns thatwould have colonnaded the agoraare in place.Fig. 12. Kampanopetra basilica baths. Photo: © Nich Hogben. Fig. 14. Temple of Zeus, from the agora. Photo: © Nich Hogben.17

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 18Fig. 15. Map of sites in vicinity of Salamis. Map: © Nich Hogben.The Temple of Zeus (Fig. 14) isprobably the temple to Jupiter inSalamis providing the right ofsanctuary, mentioned by Tacitus inbook three of his Annals. Trees nowgrow on the podium, and columndrums and capitals, larger than thoseof the agora, lie nearby. Duringexcavation, evidence was found thatthe existing Roman temple was builton top of an earlier Hellenistic one,and a capital decorated with bulls’heads and caryatids was found andtransported to the British Museum.Other nearby sitesA short distance to the south-west ofSalamis archaeological site are theRoyal Tombs (Fig. 15). These datef rom the eighth century BC; St.Catherine’s Tomb was re-used in thethird and fourth century AD, and inthe mediaeval period it was used as achapel. The tombs were excavated inthe 1960s, mostly by Karageorghis,who identified parallels between thefinds at the tombs and the burialritual of Patroclus in the Iliad. Theearly burials involved the sacrifice ofhorses, buried with their chariots;skeletons of some of the horses are insitu, under protective glass-panedframes. The museum on site hasreconstructions of a chariot and ahearse; the original horse trappingsand chariot decorations are on showat the Cyprus Arc h a e o l o g i c a lMuseum at Nicosia.F u rther west is St. Barn a b a sMonastery, which houses an Iconand Archaeology Museum. Most ofthe items on display in thearchaeological section date from theGeometric to Hellenistic period, andare well worth viewing; there aresome Roman glass flasks and bottles.Further west again is the Late BronzeAge site of Enkomi (Fig. 16). It’s anintriguing site, with buildings laidout in a neat grid pattern (suggestingthat it was rebuilt after a disaster),surrounded by a town wall. Finishedbronze items and unworked copperw e re found when the site wasexcavated. The site gets few visitors,and has poortoilet facilities.Fig. 17. Kyrenia Roman harbour. Photo: © Nich Hogben.Peter Varley’s letter in ARA News,Issue 20). Near to Kyrenia is the siteof a Roman harbour (Fig. 17).The Güzelyurt Museum is on theroad from Kyrenia to Soli. As at allthe museums I visited in Cyprus, mostof the items on display are pre-Roman. For me it was worthwhilevisiting to see a second century ADmarble statuette of Ephesian Artemis(Fig. 18). When I visited, finds fromtombs excavated near Soli were alsoon display.The Roman theatre at Soli datesfrom the end of the second or start ofthe third century AD, and was builton the site of a Greek theatre.U n f o rt u n a t e l y, in the nineteenthcentury the remaining stone seatswere used to construct quays in PortSaid, so the theatre is heavilyrestored. On the slope below areremains of the third century ‘agora’,portico and nymphaeum, in need ofpreservation. Also on the site is aOther northCyprus sitesFig. 16. Late Bronze Age Enkomi. Photo: © Nich Hogben.There are severalother intere s t i n gclassical sites inn o rth Cypru s .K y re n i a c a s t l eis home tothe Shipwre c kMuseum, housingthe hull andcontents of ac. 300 BC ship (formore details, seeFig. 18. Ephesian Artemis. Photo: © Nich Hogben.

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 19fourth to seventh century AD church,which has good condition o p u ssectile and mosaic floors, includingmosaic images of a swan, other birdsand dolphins.The palace and temples of Vouni siton a hill overlooking the sea; theviews are spectacular. The remains ofa large shrine to Athena (fifthcentury BC) look down on the palace(498 - 380 BC); the latter incorporatesb e d rooms, bathrooms, a latrine,kitchens, storage rooms and severalc o u rt y a rds. There are pits fora m p h o r a e in the floors of twostorerooms. In one courtyard standsthe stone that once held the pulleyfor the well; its origins are uncertain,but to me it looks like a re-usedHathor capital.PracticalitiesDon’t be deterred from visiting northC y p rus because of the politicalsituation. If you fly to north Cyprusyou have to go via Turkey, and youwill not be allowed to cross theborder into south Cyprus. However, ifyou fly to south Cyprus you arepermitted to cross north and backagain. International car re n t a lcompanies let you hire a car in thesouth and take it north. You mustpurchase insurance for the north atthe border crossing; you can buy thisinsurance in advance if you hire fromAvis.Currently you can drive across theb o rder at Bostanci, Metehan,Beyarmudu and Akyar (in Greek,Astromeritis-Zodhia, Agios Dometios,Pergamos and Strovilia). Locals crossback and forth, but the Greeks I metd i s a p p roved of tourists travellingn o rth. I crossed north at AgiosDometios and re t u rned southt h rough Bostanci. I found thecrossing quick and easy: it took nomore than ten minutes. If you go,remember that you are crossing intoanother country, with a differentcurrency, restrictions on duty free, adifferent mobile phone network, etc.The locals are friendly, and the sitesare well worth visiting.Suggested readingSalamis: Recent discoveries in Cyprus.Vassos Karageorghis (1969).Salamis: A guide. Antiquities Departmentof the Republic of Cyprus (1970).Excavating at Salamis in Cypru s1952 -1974. Vassos Karageorg h i s(1999).The Heritage of North Cyprus. RosamundHanworth (1983).North Cyprus mosaic of cultures. NorthCyprus Museum Friends (2007).Glossaryagora – a market or public meeting placein a Greek city.amphora (plural, amphorae) – a tallpottery vessel with two handles and apointed base (or ‘foot’).caldarium (plural, caldaria) – a hot bathroom.cippus, (plural, cippi) – a short column orpost used as a memorial or boundarymarker.frigidarium (plural, frigidaria) – a coldbath room.n y m p h a e u m – a water-filled shrine,dedicated to water nymphs (femalewater spirits).opus sectile – floor or wall decorationmade of cut stone tiles.palaestra – an exercise yard.portico – a porch, often with supportingcolumns.p r a e f u rn i u m (plural p r a e f u rn i a e) – af u rnace, usually an arched holethrough which the fire was stoked.sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) – a stone(sometimes lead) coffin.scenae frons – the rear structure of at h e a t re stage, often orn a t e l ydecorated.s t o a (plural, s t o a e) – a covere dcolonnaded walkway.sudatorium, (plural, sudatoria) – a hot,dry room for sweating, like a sauna.tepidarium (plural, tepidaria) – a warmbath room; strangely no room in thelarge baths at Salamis is identified as atepidarium.Nich Hogben.AN APOLOGY FROM THE EDITORIt has been brought to my attention that a smallnumber of members had a problem with thepostage on their last mailing of the Bulletin,which caused a Surcharge Payment of £1.04 anda trip to their local sorting office to retrieve themagazine.The Editor packs all the Newsletters and Bulletinsfor dispatch, then takes them to the local PostOffice. Because they want our business, they arehappy to stick the stamps on themselves anddispatch when complete.I have been assured that this will not happenagain! In the event that there is a repeat of theproblem in the future, would affected recipientsplease send the offending envelope, completewith the Surcharge details, to me at:Applegraphics, 10 Markall Close, Cheriton,Alresford, Hampshire, SO24 0QF.Your Surcharge, plus return postage to me, willbe refunded in the form of stamps. Failure tosupply the endorsed envelope means we have noreclaim recourse at the Post Office.On this last occasion, due to sickness absence, thestamps were stuck on but the envelopes werenot double checked. A few had the 4p stampomitted and these ended up with the Surcharge.Once again, my apologies for any inconveniencecaused.David Gollins,Editor, ARA NEWS.19

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 20OBITUARIESMichael CoombeThe Director only received the news in May, of the deathof long standing member His Honour Judge MichaelCoombe, who passed away in October 2008. His lastexcursion with us, as those who were there willremember, was our Annual Dinner weekend visit to theIsle of Wight in May 2005. We have passed oursympathies to his surviving son Michael.Alan FarquharsonWe were very sorry to hear from Anita Farquharson inMarch, that her husband Alan had died at the end of July2008. Both Anita and Alan, long standing members,were regular attendees at many of our functions, Alanbeing remembered by many friends at our events. Theboard sent their deepest sympathy to Anita who is stillremaining a member of the Association.Patrick LiddleAlso in March we heard from Liz Liddle that her husband‘Paddy’ had died. We send Liz our sincerest condolences.Pam BorehamIt was with great sadness that we heard of the death ofPam Boreham on Friday February 6th 2009, too late tonotify her many friends in the last ARA NEWS which hadjust gone to press. Pam had been a staunch and loyalsupporter of the Association for many years and afrequent participator in our tours and other events. Italways amazed me how remarkably agile Pam was, andno amount of arduous terrain was going to stop herfrom reaching the sites we were visiting, and on morethan one occasion she beat me up some of the hills.Always a warm and friendly smile for everyone and verypopular with our regular travellers into antiquity, Pam isgoing to be sorely missed.Bryn Walters.20DATES FOR YOURDIARYHere are some dates for 2010 on a ’Roman theme‘,which may be of interest to our readers. They have beencollated by our member Rebecca Newman. Anyadditional dates notified can be advised in the nextedition of ARA NEWS.12th to 14th February. Landscape of Roman Britain –conference at Rewley House, Oxford with papersfrom, amongst others, Mike Fulford, Roger White,Barry Cunliffe. Cost from £92.00 non-residential to£270.00 full board – other options available. Details:http://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/index.php27th and 28th Febru a ry. C u rrent Arc h a e o l o g yConference at British Museum. Details t.b.a.9th March. End of Roman Britain – Lunchtime Lecture– Andrew Gardner – UCL London.l3th and 14th March. Debating the end of RomanBritain – Conference at B.M. Details t.b.a.20th March. End of Roman Britain – Conference atLincoln University.7th to 10th April. Classical Association. AnnualConference at Cardiff.30th and 31st October. Archaeology of WesternBritain 350 - 500. Conference at Cardiff.In addition, day schools or lectures are planned inFebruary, September and November at Carmarthen,Caerleon and Aberystwyth:Exact dates not yet known but keep up to date withhttp://www.410.org.ukREADERS WRITE . . .Dear ARA NEWS Editor,The quality of production [and, of course, content!]always impresses, but if I may comment on Shirley Evans’p.10 comments: other organisations to which I belongdistinguish between stuff worth retaining and theephemeral – visit applications, AGM notifications – withthe latter being on 80 gsm and separate. But I mustadmit to no real understanding of the difference inproduction costs and of course enveloping must be atouch more of a chore. As to paper size, A4 is much to bepreferred – SS’s Arch would be diminished – literally, too,on A5. Just my contribution to the debate – is there adebate?Regards,Colin Williams.Editor comments:The A4 format allows for Booking Forms to be laid out moreclearly and on one page; I also believe that articles look moreprofessional and allow for reasonable sized illustrations. Weuse 115gm matt art paper which gives excellent reproductionquality and can be easily written on. To combine otherweights / qualities of papers within the same publication wouldbe very expensive at the production end. We use one press andendeavour to keep pages in multiples of eight. Prices go up themore complicated the finish. If one folded the A4 magazine tofit an A5 envelope, the additional folding cost would outweighthe extra postage and the magazine would look less appealing.The editorial board have taken the decision to continue withthe current style, at least for the time being.

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 21A R C H A E O L O G I C A LR O U N D - U PSUPERB MILLEFIORI BOWLDISCOVERED INLONDONExcavations in Prescott Stre e t ,Aldgate, by L – P Archaeology, haveuncovered an exquisite second orthird century millefiori glass dish. The2008 dig was on the site of the largeeastern cemetery that sprawled foran unknown but considerabledistance beyond the city walls atAldgate. The dish was found at adepth of 2.5 meters and formed partof a cache of grave goods consistingof pottery and glass perfume flasksdeposited next to a decayed woodenchest that held the ashes of thedeceased. The area was intensivelyused and suggested perhaps a familyplot with later cremations insertedabove. Evidence of stone mausoleawas also found.The mosaic-like surface of the dishoriginally consisted of hundreds ofblue and white interlocking ‘flowers’,or canes, embedded in a brightv e rmillion glass matrix. Thevermillion hue was still present whenthe dish was first uncovered but hasfaded with its drying out, leavingonly traces around the rim. When thedish was discovered it appeare dintact but was actually held togetherby the soil around it. It has beenpainstakingly re s t o red by theMuseum of London’s conservator, LizGoodman.Several fragments of millefiori vesselshave turned up in excavations inBritain previously, but the true rarityof this find is that it is intact. Thestate of preservation is said to beunprecedented in Western Europe.Millefiori dishes are generallybelieved to have been made in Egypt,although D. F. Grose has argued thatsome forms were produced in Italy.They were true luxury items in theRoman world and the owner is likelyto have been extremely wealthy.The dish is now on display in theMuseum of London, Docklands.Reuters – 29.04.2009Daily Telegraph – 30.04.2009DID BOUDICA BURNC A L L E VA? EXCAVATIONUNCOVERS A PRECURSORTO ROMAN SILCHESTERExcavators from the University ofReading’s Archaeology Department,led by Professor Michael Fulford,believe that they have foundevidence of an Iron Age town with aplanned layout beneath the laterRoman town of Calleva Atrebatum,modern day Silchester. There appearsto be clear evidence that thesettlement was planned, unlike thep re-Roman communities foundbeneath other Romano-British townsand had a grid aligned northeast– southwest. The Romans seem tohave imposed a completely newstreet grid on it at a later date, afteran extensive fire devastated thesettlement.The conflagration that took place atsome date between AD 50 and AD 80may be of great significance. If thetown was not devastated by anaccidental fire, the possibility mustbe considered that it fell prey to theBoudiccan revolt of AD 60, which issomething that was never suspectedbefore. Classical sources tell of threecities destroyed by the re v o l t ,Ve ru l a m i u m, C a m u l o d u n u m a n dL o n d i n i u m. To include Silchesterwould spread the area of devastationf u rther south and substantiallyi n c rease the seriousness of therebellion.BBC – 15.07.2009Times – 29.09.2008B I G N O RROMAN VILLAMembers should note that theRoman villa at Bignor, We s tSussex, may not be openingagain in the New Ye a r. Theowners of the site are planning anew management policy, butdetails were not available at thetime of going to press. Shouldany member be contemplatingvisiting the villa in 2010, westrongly advise checking the webpages in advance for an updateon the situation.A HUGE RELIGIOUSCOMPLEX SUSPECTEDAT SOUTHWELL,NOTTINGHAMSHIREExcavations at the site of thef o rmer Minster school atSouthwell, Nottinghamshire haveuncovered a spectacular wall, saidto be 20 m long by 2 m high. It isbelieved to be first century andforms part of a Roman religiousprecinct or ritual bathing complex.The wall of large dressed sandstoneblocks has been tentativelyidentified as belonging to atemple.Excavations in 1959 at the same siteu n c o v e red superb painted wallplaster showing a marine scenewith fishes, figures and a cupid,which is now displayed within theMinster. At the time it was believedto have ornamented a villa bathsuite but the new excavations nowsuggest that, just as at Lydney, thecomplex was provided with bathsand guest houses for pilgrims. Theremains of wooden scaff o l d i n gfound at the site await carbontesting, but an extremely early dateof AD 43 is being claimed for theinitial development. It is suggestedthat a pre-Roman shrine existedh e re and was adopted andembellished by the newcomers.The Minster is believed to havebeen sited where it is because ofthe existence of the re l i g i o u scomplex. Many temples in thee m p i re were converted intochurches with the onslaught ofChristianity. Presumably the maintemple or sacred pool nowunderlies the building.It is claimed that the newexcavations will re-write the historyof the Romans in the area and theway in which the invasion wasmanaged. Excavations are plannedto continue in 2009.Notts Evening Post – 09.12.2008southwellarchaeology.org.uk21

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 22The Association for RomanA rc h a e o l o g y22ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING & SYMPOSIUMC h a i r m a n :Grahame SoffeS a t u r d a y, 5th December 2009THE STEVENSON LECTURE THEATRE, CLORE EDUCATION CENTRETHE BRITISH MUSEUM, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, WC1B 3DGat 11.00 a.m.A G E N D A10.30 a.m. – RegistrationTea/Coffee11.00 a.m. – BUSINESS SESSIONChairman’s WelcomeChairman’s Review of the YearTreasurer’s ReportMembership Secretary’s ReportDirector’s ReportProvisional Plans for year 2010Election of OfficersTo re-appoint and agree remuneration of AuditorsAny Other Business12.30 to 2.00 p.m. – LunchThere are no pre-booked lunch arrangementsHowever, various facilities are available in the immediate area south of the museumin Great Russell Street, Museum Street, etc.There are also two restaurants within the museumAfternoon Symposium – £18.002.00 p.m.Dr. Simon JamesReader in Archaeology, School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester‘ Life and Violent Death of the Roman Garrison at Dura-Europos’3.00 p.m. – Afternoon Tea3.30 p.m.Dr. Will BowdenAssociate Professor of Roman Arc h a e o l o g y, Department of Arc h a e o l o g y, University of Nottingham‘ Standing in the Shadow of Boudica’Recent Research at Caistor St. Edmund Roman Town (Venta Icenorum )C U T A L O N G D O T T E D L I N E4.45 p.m. – CloseBOOKING FORMI/We wish to reserve ( ) places for the Annual General Meeting at The British Museum.I/We wish to book ( ) places for the Afternoon Symposium at £18.00 each. (Total )Cheques payable to The Association for Roman Archaeology £. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enclosed.Name(s):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postal Code:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Telephone Number:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership Number(s):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please return all bookings, with cheque, to:The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JUto arrive NO LATER THAN MONDAY, 23rd November, 2009

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 23DONATIONS AND BEQUESTSThe Graham Webster Research Fund is now our official funding channel in support of Romano-British research projects.This has been established in memory of Graham’s lifelong devotion to the subject and of his many years of enthusiastictuition and encouragement to others entering the field of Roman studies.Any member who would like to help build up this fund can make a donation using the form below. The form alsoincludes a Gift Aid Declaration which we ask tax-paying members to sign, as this will increase the donation byapproximately 23% with no further liability on the donor’s resources. We claim the additional percentage directly fromthe Inland Revenue from tax already paid by the member concerned.THE GRAHAM WEBSTER RESEARCH FUNDl/WE WISH TO MAKE THE FOLLOWING DONATION TOTHE GRAHAM WEBSTER RESEARCH FUNDName: (BLOCK LETTERS PLEASE): ...............................................................................................................................................Address: .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Postal Code:......................................................Amount in Pounds Sterling: £...........................................................Date on cheque: .................................................................................Cheques payable please to ARA Graham Webster Research Fund, and return with this slip to the Director.GIFT AID DECLARATIONI wish The Association for Roman Archaeology to benefit from the Gift Aid Legislation by my making this donation toThe Graham Webster Research Fund. This declaration applies to any donation I make from I st April 2003.Signed: ........................................................................................Note: You must be a UK taxpayer and pay an amount of Income Tax or Capital Gains Tax equal to the tax we reclaim on your donation.If you are not a UK taxpayer, please do not sign this section of the form.British Registered Charity Number: 1056599.A GIFT FOR THE FUTUREMany charitable organisations like our own have relied on bequests from members and other parties in support of thecharity’s objectives. A bequest will help to ensure the continuation of the Association and its work. Legacies to theAssociation are not liable to Inheritance Tax, so the full amount of a bequest can be applied to the charitable aims andobjectives of the Association.If you decide that you would like to make a bequest to the Association, by making an addition to an existing Will, or inmaking a new one, we recommend that you seek the advice of a solicitor.THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGYFORM OF BEQUESTNOTE: This form is not in itself for signature, but gives a suitable wording for inclusion in a Will or Codicil, shouldyou decide to benefit the Association in this manner.I bequeath free of all taxes to The Association for Roman Archaeology, of 75 York Road, Swindon, Wiltshire,SN1 2JU, for the general purposes of its aims and objectives, the sum of £....................................., the receipt ofthe Treasurer for the time being of the said Association to be a good and sufficient discharge to my Trustees forthe said sum.British Registered Charity Number: 1056599.23

G0071,ARA Newsletter22 01/11/2009 18:43 Page 24The Association for RomanA rc h a e o l o g yTHE FOLLOWING TRUSTEES ARE RETIRING BY ROTATIONIN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICY AGREED AT THE 1996 AGMMr. Don Greenwood – TrusteeMr. Grahame Soffe – TrusteeMr. Don Greenwood is prepared to stand for re-election in the same capacity;Mr. Grahame Soffeis prepared to stand for re-election in the same capacity;Article No. 36 provides that the Council (whose elected members are ex officioTrustees) may numberup to ten members. At present there are eight members. Nominations of members of the Associationmust be in writing, signed by a proposer and seconder (both of whom must be paid-up members of theAssociation), and any candidate must consent in writing to stand for election. Nominations must reachthe Director at least seven days before the date of the Meeting (i.e. by Friday, 27th November, 2009).NOMINEE, PROPOSER AND SECONDER must be fully paid up members of the Association.Position for which standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NOMINEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PROPOSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SECONDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Position for which standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NOMINEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PROPOSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SECONDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Member’s Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The nominee must confirm in writing to the Director his /her willingness to stand and give a short outlinebiography detailing experience for the position. Decision will be by ballot at the Annual General Meetingto be held at The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London on Saturday, 5th December 2009.Director: Bryn Walters BAChairman: Grahame Soffe BA75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JUTelephone/Facsimile: 01793 534008 Treasurer: David Evans PhD Telephone: 01938 561398The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited is a Charitable Company Limited by GuaranteeCompany Registered No. 3218318 (Wales) British Registered Charity No. 1056599R e g i s t e red Office: The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited, 75 York Road, Swindon, Wi l t s h i re, SN1 2JU24Designed and produced by Applegraphics, Winchester – 01962 793150 (G0071 / 1.75M / 09.2009)