Part 1 - Association for Roman Archaeology

The Association for Roman Arc h a e o l o g yARA NEWSMarch 2010 Issue 23ARA members assemble at theRoman lighthouse at Dover Castle,17th August 2009, on the first of atleast three tours covering theRoman forts of the Saxon Shore.View looking north with the Saxonchurch of St. Mary-in-Castro to theright and the great tower of thecastle in the distance to the left.Photo: © Grahame Soffe.

C O N T E N T SPageEditorial 2Contents and Contacts 2The Great North Museum 3 and 4Archaeological Round-up4, 8, 23 and 25Romans, Police Cars andFootball Fans 5 to 8Treasurer’s Report 9Bignor Roman Villa 9Dates for your Diary 9Gilt Glass Tesserae 9The Missing 90% inRoman Britain 10The Ermine Street Guard 10Roman Displays at theGrosvenor Museum,Chester 11 and 12Tour Booking Forms:Self-Drive to AshmoleanMuseum, Oxford 13Annual Dinner Weekend 14Long Weekend SummerTour 15 and 27Self-Drive to HallatonTreasure 16Tour to Roman Germany 17Alderney’s ‘Shore Fort’ 18 to 21ARA’s HonoraryPresident 22 and 23Obituaries 24 and 25Donations and Bequests 26Report on ARA DiscussionForum 27 and 28ARA CONTACTSHon. President: Professor John J. Wilkes BA, PhD, FBA, FSAHon. Chairman: Grahame Soffe BA,Tel: 01367 244857Hon. Vice-Chairman: Mike Stone BA, Cert Ed, MITG26 Aw d ry Close, Chippenham, Wi l t s h i re, SN14 0TQ. Tel: 01249 446385Director: Bryn Walters BA,75 York Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU. Tel/Fax: 01793 534008Hon. Treasurer: David Evans PhD,Gunley Stables, Marton, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 8JL. Tel: 01938 561398e-mail: gunley@hotmail.comHon. Archivist: Anthony Beeson,Eden House, 18 Bowden Close, Coombe Dingle, Bristol, BS9 2RW.e-mail: anthony_beeson@hotmail.comTru s t e e s :Anthony Beeson, David Evans, Don Greenwood, Vix Hughes,Sam Moorhead, Grahame Soffe, Michael Stone, Bryn Wa l t e r sHon. Membership Secretary: Don Greenwood BA12 Harewood Close, York, YO30 5XQ. Tel: 01904 670995Hon. Editor (ARA NEWS 24 onwards): Nicholas Hogben,Flat 1, 5 Canterbury Road, Westbrook, Margate, Kent, CT9 5AQe-mail: nich_hogben@yahoo.co.ukEditorial Committee (ARA NEWS):Nicholas Hogben, Don Greenwood BA and Bryn Walters BAResearch Adviser: Professor Martin Henig MA, DPhil, DLitt, FSAInstitute of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PGInternet Web Site:www.associationromanarchaeology.org.ukThe views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the ARA Board© Copyright remains with individual Authors, and the ARA Boardcannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or content of such articlesAny Member requiring a copy of the Memorandum and Articles of Associationshould apply in writing to the Director at the Registered Office addressThe Association for Roman Archaeology Limited is a Charitable Company Limited by GuaranteeCompany Registered No. 3218318 (Wales) British Registered Charity No. 1056599R e g i s t e red Office: The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited, 75 York Road, Swindon, Wi l t s h i re, SN1 2JUARA Members are invited to send press cuttings from local and nationalnewspapers concerning Roman matters (indicating date and source) to theARA Hon. Archivist, Anthony Beeson, at:Eden House, 18 Bowden Close, Coombe Dingle, Bristol, BS9 2RW.E-mail: anthony_beeson@hotmail.comMany thanks to those who have already responded.E D I T O R I A LH e re is the 23rd edition of A R AN E W S, just in time for Easter.The cover picture is of the Doverp h a ro s which featured in the LongWeekend Summer Tour – Forts of theSaxon Shore part 1. You can book forp a rt 2 of this tour using the BookingF o rm on page 15 with the fulli t i n e r a ry on page 27. The otherBooking Forms are also in the centre ,and, as always, photocopies are quiteacceptable if you do not wish toadulterate your copy of the magazine.T h e re is an article on the Great Nort hMuseum at Newcastle, with a numberof excellent illustrations. MemberRebecca Newman, gives us atravelogue of her visit to Algeria,again illustrated with excellentp i c t u re s .The Grosvenor Museum at Chesterhave updated some of their Romandisplay and cite the original discoveryof a cauldron by Professor Newsteadduring excavations between 1922and 1935 and how it has beendisplayed over the years, culminatingin its modern display today.Another member, Nich Hogben, hassupplied an intriguing article on theRoman ‘Shore Fort’ of Aldern e y. It hasseen many metamorphoses over thecenturies to attain its current formand use, all ably described andillustrated by Nich.Members will be pleased to learn thatthe ARA now has a new HonoraryP resident, Professor John Wilkes, andour Chairman, Grahame Soffe, hasp roduced a potted history andi n t roduction for those of us not in theacademic mainstream. We welcomesuch a prominent archaeologist forour fig u re h e a d .The remainder of the magazinecontains various re p o rts – TheTre a s u re r’s Report, a re p o rt on aC o n f e rence which took place inO x f o rd in Febru a ry on the Romano-British Countryside, and, mosti m p o rt a n t l y, the Discussion Foru mdocument, where we are endeavouringto cultivate greater assistance forsome of the routine jobs curre n t l yc a rried out by a small number ofpeople – generally the Trustees – whowork hard to keep the Associationa flo a t .I hope I’ve said enough to whet yourappetite for a good read, but don’tf o rget to get your Tour Bookings ine a r l y, as there is likely to be a bigdemand, as always.David Gollins,Editor – A R A N E W S.

THE GREAT NORTH MUSEUMThe 2009 Hadrian’s Wall Pilgrimagevisited the newly opened Gre a tNorth Museum in Newcastle. It issituated in an impressive buildingclose to the Civic Centre and theshopping area of central Newcastle.ARA members who knew the oldMuseum of Antiquities will recognisethe Roman and Anglo-Saxonmaterial that has been moved to thenew museum (Figures 1, 2 and 3).The museum designers have beenthat crosses the display area. Manypilgrims only gradually realised thatthis snake is in fact a representationof the Wall. I say ‘only graduallyrealised’ because the labelling on thisre p resentation is extremely poor.I n f o rmation was obviously notallowed to get in the way of design.Few of the forts, turrets andmilecastles on the snake are namedor numbered. Pilgrims spent a fewmerry minutes trying to work outwhich fort was which and wepilgrims were supposed to know theWall! One of the few forts to belabelled was Carvoran which becauseof the joys of computer spell checkhas been labelled ‘Caravan’. Sad thatno-one (do they still have curators innew look museums?) seems to havenoticed or is bothered enough tomake a correction.Fig. 1.The head of the God Antenociticus foundat Benwell. Photo: © Anne Woollett.Fig. 3.The Mithraic altar to Sol found in theMithraeum south of the vicus atHousesteads Roman fort on Hadrian’sWall, in 1822. See also note at end ofarticle.Photo: © Anne Woollett.given lots of space in which to displaythe Roman inscriptions and artifacts.The exhibits and the now almostcompulsory talking heads, video andcomputer displays are wrappedaround a snake like illuminated trackIn spite of all the space in the newmuseum the much lovedreconstruction of the Mithreum atthe Museum of Antiquities has goneto be replaced with an audio-visualdisplay. Sad to see it go – it was alovely example of an old museumc u l t u re which Chesters Museumcontinues to encapsulate so well(Fig. 4).Some of the inscription stones aretucked away behind pillars and youFig. 2.The tombstone of Aurelia found inCarlisle.Photo: © Anne Woollett.Fig. 4. Display of Mithras sculpture and inscriptions. Photo: © Anne Woollett.

Fig. 6.A section of unlabelled Anglo-Saxon stonework – note the intricatecarving.Photo: © Anne Woollett.Fig. 5.Two dedication stones from Hadrian’s Wall – from Halton Towers (top)and High Rochester (below). Museum identification numbers are onbottom right hand supports.Photo: © Anne Woollett.have to do quite a lot of bendingdown and moving about to match upthe (tiny) numbers next to theinscriptions with the panels tellingyou about the inscriptions and wherethey are from (Fig. 5). Newcomerswishing to make sense of Hadrian’sWall would do better to visit themuseums just down the road atWallsend and South Shields.Some of the stunning Anglo-Saxonstone work is beautifully lit. NotRoman, but it was a wonder tobehold. But pilgrims were appalledthat even though the Great NorthMuseum has been open for sometime the Curators or designers havenot labelled any of the Anglo-Saxonstonework (Fig. 6). These items are ofBritish, European and Wo r l dimportance and deserve better. I seefrom my 1974 Guide to the Museumof Antiquities that some of thestonework comes from the RothburyC ross. Why nolabels for thesei m p o rtant piecesof sculpture?One highlight ofour museum visitwas our welcomef rom theUniversity ofN o rt h u m b r i a ’s Pro - Vice Chancellorwho sang for us without a script allthe verses of ‘When Geordie built theWall’. Now there is a topic for a videotalking head.There is a museum shop where youcan buy lots of jolly things like toydinosaurs, but only one book onthings Roman – no evidence of thedozens of books available on RomanBritain in general and Hadrian’s Wallin particular. A missed opportunityand a great disappointment for ARAmembers and pilgrims for whombuying books seems to be anessential part of an ARA visit or thePilgrimage to Hadrian’s Wall.Inevitably, I and other pilgrims foundourselves comparing the Great NorthMuseum with other museums wevisited along the Wall. For gooddisplays on Hadrian’s Wall you stillcannot beat the Senhouse Museumin Mary p o rt, the Tullie HouseMuseum in Carlisle and the museumsat Birdoswald, Vi n d o l a n d a .Corbridge, Wallsend and SouthShields – all with clearly labelleddisplays and all with lots of books forsale. The Pilgrimage also visitedChesters Museum where the internalwalls have been given a new coat ofpaint so the inscription stones nowhave a reddish backdrop. There wasgeneral agreement that the stoneslook really good against the newcolour.Anne Woollett.Further Information appertaining toFigure 3 – the Mithraic Altar.On the front of the capital is a bust ofSol carved in low relief in a roundel. Hewears a radiate crown of seven raysand a cloak, which is fastened on hisleft shoulder. A whip protrudes fromthe roundel as though held in his righthand. The inscription reads: D(eo) Soli /Herion / v(otum) l(ibens) m(erito). [Tothe Sun-god, Herion willingly anddeservedly made this vow]. Herion, ashis name shows, must have been anoriental, possibly a trader in the vicus,or possibly a freedman, or an armyofficer or civilian official.Grahame Soffe.A R C H A E O L O G I C A LR O U N D - U PBRITAIN’S OLDESTROMAN COINDISCOVEREDA silver denarius minted by theRoman Republic in 211 BC has beenidentified amongst the 5,000 coinsdiscovered some years ago during anexcavation at Hallaton inL e i c e s t e r s h i re. The site of thediscovery is believed to have been aLate Iron Age shrine, built by theCorieltavi tribe. As the coin issomewhat worn it has beensuggested that it was old by the timeit reached Britain, but somespecialists believe that Romancoinage was finding its way to Britainbefore the invasion by way of tradeand diplomacy. If this is true itsuggests that the East Midlands wasnot so much of a backwater duringthis period as is generally believed,but already had contact with Rome.The value of the coin around thetime of the conquest would havebeen about a day’s wages for asoldier or unskilled worker.Leicester Mercury – 29 01 2010Daily Telegraph – 30 01 2010

ROMANS, POLICE CARS AND FOOTBALL FA N SIncidents of travel in Algeria with Rebecca NewmanFlashing blue lights, wailing sirens,motorcycle outriders and footballfans! Wait a minute – what havethese got to do with a tour of Romansites in Algeria. Quite a lot actually.Have you ever been the centre of apolice escort? We had one for thewhole fortnight. It’s a slightlyfrightening situation, even thoughyou realise it is the Algerian government’sattempt to make tourists feelsafe. Indeed I felt safe the whole trip,except when the coach was followingthe police car on the wrong side ofthe road, through a very narrow gapin the two streams of traffic, andoften forcing drivers on the correctside of the road onto the hardshoulder. And the football fans? Let’sput football in it’s proper place at theend, and consider the Roman sites.A splendid collection of sites inattractive countryside providing acomplete range of lifestyles in theRoman Empire – mainly in Numidiaand Mauretania Caesarea. There areprobably more Roman sites to seethan any country except Italy andTurkey. Most of the sites are veryextensive with considerable standingremains, but are little-known withfew other tourists. The down side isthat distances are considerable, andlong days on the coach areinevitable. Internal flights areavailable, but are likely to involvelong waits at airports, where thereseems to be a relaxed attitude top u n c t u a l i t y. We also visitedspectacular sites that remind us ofAlgeria’s history before and after theRomans – Punic, Berber, Massinisa,J u g u rtha, Vandals, Augustine ofHippo, Donatists, Byzantines,Marinids, Almohads, Almoravids,Spanish crusaders, Turks, French. Wevisited 14 Roman sites. We must havemissed at least as many – especiallyTheveste (Tebessa), and the FossatumA f r i c a n u m. This was part i c u l a r l yunfortunate as Theveste is a largeand very photogenic site. But unlessyou are allergic to non-Romanh i s t o ry sites such as Oran andTlemcen, these can be stro n g l yrecommended to give a roundedpicture of the country’s history. Didyou know Algeria was the venue ofthe fifth Crusade starting in AD 1505with a private army organised andpaid for by a Spanish Cardinal, whichcaptured Oran in AD 1509?Fittingly we began our tour with aNumidian tomb, known wrongly asthe Tomb of the Christian because ofthe presence of what seem to beLatin crosses. The person buriedthere is unknown. Our first Romansite was Iol Caesare a ( m o d e rnCherchell), excavated by Tim Potter.Archaeologists’ conclusions are likelyto be changed by subsequentexcavations. He located the Forum onthe seafront, but a more probablesite has been found inland. There isalso a theatre converted to ana m p h i t h e a t re. Unfortunately theMuseum, which has several splendidmosaics, was closed for refurbishment.Tipasa has a very photogenic settingnext to the sea. It seems photographyis not allowed on sites, but our guidehad a special Government authorisation.The rules may change, butcheck this with your tour company ifyou are going. Individual travel is notreally feasible at present. The site isnotable for two Puno-Romantemples, a Forum and a ByzantineBasilica both overlooking the sea.There are luxurious town housesclose to the Forum, but also near to agarum factory! – so much for Romantown-planning. We spent so longadmiring the site we did not havetime to visit the Museum. Timekeepingwas not helped by luncheswhich are inevitably time-consuming.This is perhaps not surprising in anArab country with a strong Frenchtradition. Our guide knew all thebest restaurants, as well as beinga rchaeologically well-inform e d .Fig. 1. Hippo Regius – villas. Photo: © Rebecca Newman.Restaurants were generally verygood, except that the fresh fish wasoften too bland. Wines are variable,but usually palatable, but not servedin all hotels and restaurants. Mineralwater is readily available. Hotelswere generally comfortable, usuallyi n t e rnational in style with veryornate reception areas. But almost allhad problems – particularly with theplumbing. We concluded that inAlgeria you can’t judge a hotel by itsfirst appearance.The next Roman site was HippoRegius (Annaba), after a three dayexcursion to Oran, Berber and Islamicsites in the west (Fig. 1). St. Augustineof Hippo has an ornate memorialBasilica built in a nineteenth centuryBaroque style which dominates theview from the Roman Foru m .A p p ropriate, as he bestridesByzantine religious history in manyways, as a bishop and a theologianand is still influential today. Hevisited most towns in Numidia andMauretania Caesariensis. Most sitestherefore have Christian Basilicas andByzan-tine forts. The Romans mayhave started the fashion forextravagant display in the townwhen the proconsul C. PacciusConstantinus dedicated theenormous Forum in AD 78 – 76metres long by 42 metres wide. Torecord this he carved a dedication inthe pavement of the Forum, rightacross the middle in very large letters(Fig. 2).The site archaeologist gave us acomplete tour of the site andMuseum. Like all those we saw, it hassplendid collections, particularly themosaics, and the pre-Roman stelae.Alas, we couldn’ttake photos insidethis or any othermuseum. I believethey are worriedby the risk of‘theft to order’ ifprivate collectorsknow what themuseums contain.It was significantthat each room ofthe museum wasunlocked for us,and re l o c k e d

Fig. 2.Hippo Regius – dedication inscription cutinto forum pavement.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.afterwards. Calama (Guelma) has acomplete small theatre, but almostcompletely reconstructed. There isalso as at most sites many stelae,usually dedicated to Baal (romanisedto Saturn) (Fig. 3).The next day was a long drive toMascula (Khenchela). Our first stopwas Madauros (M’Daourouch). This isthe birthplace of Apuleius who wrote‘The Golden Ass’ and of thegrammarians Nonius Marcellus andMaximus. It was famous for itsschools, where St. Augustine (yes himagain) was educated. It is known tohave produced many martyrs as wellas three bishops between AD 340 and490. The town was of Numidianorigin, but settled by veterans in theFlavian period, and later given thestatus of a colony. It grew rich due toits location in very fertile oil olivecountry at an altitude of over 900m.The remains are very extensive witholive presses in virtually everybuilding. It has two large adjacentbathing establishments – for summerFig. 4.Maduros – theatre converted to a Byzantine fort.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.and winter. Nearby domestic houseshave been amalgamated andconverted into a large baptistery atbasement level. The theatre isunusual in several respects. It wasbuilt with the stage, re q u i r i n gmasonry support, higher up the slopethan the auditorium. No wonder itcost its donor no less than 375,000s e s t e rces. On the other hand itshared a portico with the Forum. Itmust have been well built – it wasc o n v e rted into a Byzantine fort(Fig. 4).After lunch Thurburiscu Numidarum(Khamissa). Another major site – over65 hectares – but even less wellknownthan M a d a u ro s. Pro b a b l yoriginally an indigenous capital itbecame a municipium by AD 100 anda colonia by AD 270. It is wherethe African chief Tacfarinas waskilled in AD 25 by the proconsulDolabella after alocal revolt by,a c c o rding to arather disapprovingTacitus, littlem o re than abunch of Musulmanbrigands,and he thought itshould not havetaken the Romanseight years to putdown. Not the lastto underestimatelocal resistance too c c u p a t i on ! Itcontains ‘one ofthe most beautifuland bestpre s e rved theatre sin Africa’ accord i n gto the PrincetonEncyclopaedia ofClassical Sites.P e rhaps – butt h e re are manyrivals. Not by accidentimmediatelyadjacent is amonumental water feature ,originally presided over by larg estatues of Poseidon and Hygeia –now in Calama Museum. This is thesource of the local river. It includes acultic building, and is clear evidenceof cultic continuity from Numidian toRoman times. There are two forums –the older one seems inconvenientlyto be on two levels (Fig. 5). The newForum, on level ground, also has itsquota of Imperial arches, withluxurious town houses not far away.This, like most Roman towns inAlgeria, does not follow a standardurban plan. Thamugadi (Timgad) andLambaesis seem to be the only onesto do so.A very long drive, so it was after darkthat we arrived in Khencela to themost extraord i n a ry hotel. It wasformerly a large Post Office regionalheadquarters, according to the signon the grand entrance. Few of usbelieved this and during dinnerFig. 3.Thamugadi – funerary stelae dedicated to Baal /Saturn.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.Fig. 5.Thurburiscu Numidarum – the original forum on two levels.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.

umours were rife – some kind ofp a rty re-education establishmentseemed to be the consensus. Allprevious fixtures and fittings hadbeen removed. Instead, curtains werehung to turn rooms of awkwardshape into makeshift bedrooms. Thebathrooms were rather wet, and theplumbing worked reluctantly if at all.But the family who ran the hotelwere so enthusiastic and eager toplease – “TV doesn’t work? Here’sanother instantly” – that we quicklystopped worrying, and enjoyed itsfriendly but quaint character.Next day a visit to the Roman bathsof Macula – but these were still used.The locals didn’t turn a hair – noteven when all of us – even the men –went to examine statues in theWomen’s Baths. By mid-morning wehad arrived at Thamgaudi, describedby Hilaire Belloc as the town theRomans built because life furthersouth would be unnatural to theirrace (Fig. 6). The Romans never fullyc o n q u e red the land beyond theAures Mountains – there were Armyoutposts in the burning desert, e.g.Castellum Dimmidi – but legionarycoloniae such as Thamgaudi and fortssuch as Lambaesis, which are moreobviously Roman than other Algeriantowns, were clearly intended todemonstrate Roman style civilisationto those beyond the limes. AndT h a m g a u d i demonstrates howluxurious it could be – summed upperhaps in the Forum with a boardgame carved into the colonnadeportico, and nearby the slogan alsoFig. 7. Medracen – Numidian style mausoleum, probably third century BC. Photo: © Rebecca Newman.incised into the pavement ‘Venari,Lavari, Ludere Ridere, Hoc est Vivere’[‘to hunt, to bathe, to play, to laugh –that’s life!’].On to Lambaesis – just like the manypictures you have seen. It couldn’t bemore like a Roman fort. The museumwas as usual fantastic, and there wasan outdoor area where photographswere allowed. But to cut down youreditor’s work I will move swiftly toless familiar but equally picturesquesites. First to Medracen with thirdcentury BC pre-Roman Palaeoberberconical mausoleum (Fig. 7), then ontoDana Veteranorum (Zana), anothercolonia that grew rich on olives, witha splendidly decorated arch ofMarcus Aurelius. Our overnight stopwas at Cirta (Constantine) wherethere are few visible remains, as it is abusy modern town, but there isanother very good museum. TheFrench built a war monument thatlooks very Roman. The next morningwas at Castellum Ti d d i t a n o ru m(Tiddis) – amazing topography as itwas built up theside of a 45%slope (Fig.8).It is also vivid redand the local claymade its pottersfamous. Overn i g h tin Sitifis (Setif) and the whole of thenext day at Cuicul (Djemila). This siteis well worth a whole day – of coursethey all are, but this site and Tiddiswere the favourites in our party.C u i c u l is another irregular Punicdesign but has virtually everything aRoman city should have – twoByzantine Basilicas side by side, aBaptistery (Fig. 9), a forum, a theatre,several market places, luxury villas,extravagant temples and arc h e sdedicated to Septimus Severus andCaracalla all in a beautiful setting(Fig. 10). The next morning a shortvisit to Setif Museum which has asplendid Dionysus mosaic, and thishas been very well restored. It cameback on public display just one weekb e f o re we arrived. Definitely nophotos!Most of the day was a very long driveto Algiers – including a showing ofthe classic film ‘The Battle forA l g i e r s’. One for the boys; it’sdefinitely not for the squeamish –even the censored version. Happily Islept through most of it. We arrivedin Algiers at 5.30 just before thefootball match. This was a needlematch – a play-off to determine ifAlgeria or Egypt qualified for theWorld Cup. It caused a diplomaticstand-off, and I believe this was evenreported on English news bulletins.Fig. 6.Thamugadi – view from the theatre towards arch of Septimus Severus.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.Fig. 8.Castellum Tidditanorum – very red and very steep.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.

Fig. 9.Cuicul – baptistry interior.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.Football is extremely important inboth countries. The unemploymentrate is so high there’s little else to do.Football fever was intense the wholefortnight we were there – we learntnot to say hello but ‘Vive L’Algerie’. Itworked like a magic spell in makingfriends. The Algerians won the playoffthrough, I believe, a disputedgoal. The next day was like Carnivalin Rio. The entire population ofAlgiers seemed to be endlesslydriving around the city perc h e dp recariously half-out of the carwindow to show off, wearingoutlandish versions of the Algerianflag, honkingtheir horns nonstop.We touredIslamic Algiers inthe morning butafter lunch thet r a ffic wasgridlocked. Aftertwo hours in thecoach we had onlyc o v e red a mile,and the road tothe Museum wasimpassable evenwith a police carwailing its siren.So we never gotto the Museum.Well, I want to goFig. 10.back soon, anyway – there are somany sites in beautiful or aweinspiringscenery.Guides and Picture BooksThere is no good modern book inEnglish about these sites. There areseveral excellent coffee-table guideswith lots of splendid colourphotographs, including museumexhibits. These are published inFrance, so written in French. They arenot expensive and can be obtainedthrough Amazon. The best in Englishis a book by Philip Parker called ‘TheEmpire Stops Here’ (2009 JonathanCuicul – Arch of Caracalla and textile market to the left, with view tothe north and the Capitol.Photo: © Rebecca Newman.Cape) which contains inform a t i v evignettes – but only for a few sites.Further information can be obtainedfrom: I can send details of books by e-mail. Ifyou would like to see more pictures thancould be included in the article pleasee-mail indicating the sort of photos you want –specific sites, landscapes, buildingclose-ups, stelae, local interest, or amixture. I can send a selection by e-mail,or on a flash drive (memory stick) or CD ifyou don’t have broadband.Rebecca Newman.HAS NERO’S REVOLVINGBANQUETING HOUSE BEENDISCOVERED?Archaeologists in Rome working inthe rooms of Nero’s Domus Aurea orGolden House believe they havediscovered the remains of his fabledrevolving dining room. The Romanhistorian Suetonius, described theroom in his Lives of the Caesars ascircular and revolving night and dayin imitation of the celestial bodies.The ceiling is said to have had areasof fretted ivory with re t r a c t a b l epanels from which flowers andperfumes could be rained on theguests. The present find on thePalatine hill consists of part of acircular room supported by a brickpillar with a diameter of more than13 feet (4 metres). It is believed that awooden floor rested on this circularpillar and on several ro t a t i n gs p h e res, that were powered bychannelled water. This may havebeen the mechanism by which theroom turned. Possibly the centralpillar was where Nero’s couch wasplaced. He was like the Sun Godfound at the centre of mosaics andhis guests revolved around him. Thedig so far has turned up thefoundations of the room, thepossible rotating mechanism underneathand part of an attached spacebelieved to be the kitchens.The Golden House spread over anenormous area of the ancient city,but was either swept away oradapted on Nero’s overthrow. Theroom on the Palatine hill would haveenjoyed panoramic views across thecity.R o m e ’s Commissioner for Arc h a e -ology has announced that fundswould be made available to permitf u rther investigation to assistarchaeologists in deciding whetherthis is indeed the famous revolvingroom.Times – 29.09.2009Evening Standard – 30.09.2009Sofia News Agency – 30.09.2009NEW EXCAVATIONSAT ARBEIA ROMAN FORTExcavations in the first new area tobe opened up for investigation atArbeia Roman fort, South Shields, for25 years have concentrated on asection just outside of the south-westcorner of the military base. The aimwas to locate the collapsed remainsof the fort wall, the defensive ditchesand buildings belonging to thecivilian settlement.Archaeological finds reported so farincluded a Roman ‘key-ring’, whichwas literally a finger ring whichdoubled as a key. A stone wallsuggesting the presence of a civilianbuilding outside the fort walls wasalso unearthed.Newcastle Evening Chronicle – 18.06.2009The Shields Gazette – 08.09.2009

TREASURER'S REPORTFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31stMARCH 2009Financially, this has been a relativelysuccessful year for the Association asour profitability has impro v e d ,resulting in an increase in totalfunds from £42,876 in 2008 to£64,153 in 2009.This improved profitability hasresulted from growth in two areas.Although our membership numbersd e c reased in 2009, subscriptionincome has increased from £17,995to £19,267. This almost certainlyreflects the increase in subscriptionsintroduced at the beginning of theyear but also in the more rigorousfollow up by the MembershipS e c re t a ry of lapsed membershiprenewals. Although the fall inmembership is still worrying, itappears that the remedial steps weare taking are having a positiveeffect.The profitability of events and tourshas also improved. With theexception of the AGM, whose costsare largely outside our control, allour activities were pro f i t a b l e ,particularly the tour of Bulgaria andthe Annual Dinner at Chester, evenif the accommodation at the latterwas not of the standard we strive toachieve. The Board will continue itse ff o rts to generate small, butreasonable, levels of profit from itsevents as a matter of principle.Donations have also increased thisyear and the Board would like torecord its appreciation to all of ourmembers who have responded tothe appeal for donations last year.Every little bit counts.We continue to control and attemptto reduce our costs, but regrettablythese have risen this year, largelybecause of the publication of ARANEWS and higher stationary andprinting costs. We are attemptingearly next year to make availablecopies of the Newslettere l e c t ronically and it will bei n t e resting to see whether thisresults in a significant fall in costs.Postage for the Newsletter is now inexcess of a £1,000 per edition.Experience has now taught us that,with the exception of C u rre n tArchaeology flyers, our attempts atmarketing have not been coste ffective. In future we arerestricting ourselves to leafletdistribution to partner venues andTourist Information Offices. Weintend, however, to enhance themarketing component of thewebsite and Vix Hughes and ColetteMaxfield hope to start on thisexercise in the near future.We have continued to makedonations to projects which we feelare in accord with our aims andobjectives. In reviewing our policy,the Board has concluded that, as aproportion of our turnover, the levelof re s e a rch funding we haveapproved over the past few years ispossibly too low and maycompromise our charitable status.Accordingly, we are reformulatingand re s t ructuring our appro a c h .Briefly, all requests for funding willin future be required to submit adetailed application, similar, if moresimple, to that adopted by otherfunding organisations. For requestsup to £1,000 funding will beavailable from the Graham WebsterR e s e a rch Fund, which is to beincreased from our reserves, whilestill retaining adequate monies inour reserve funds for appropriatel a rger projects. We hope toconcentrate on conservation anddisplay of artefacts and the possiblepublication of ‘grey literature ’,reports that otherwise would not beavailable in the widerarchaeological literature.In conclusion, this has been asuccessful year for the Associationand in spite of the economicclimate, we appear to bemaintaining and possibly improvingour monetary status. Hopefully, inthe years to come, we will be in astronger position to improve publicawareness and education in RomanArchaeology and its significance toour heritage.David P. Evans, PhD,Honorary Treasurer.B I G N O RROMAN VILLAThe September issue of A R ANEWS (22) contained a highlightedinformation panel onpage 21 intimating that theBignor villa may not bere-opening in 2010. The future ofthe Bignor villa was discussed atg reat length by the Tu p p e rf a m i l y, who have maintainedthe site for 200 years, and thedecision was made to bring totalmanagement of the villa underfamily control. The new managementwill be re-opening the villaon 1st March 2010 and intend tosecure the foreseeable future ofthe site for everybody to enjoy.Several long-term projects areu n d e rway to impro v ec o n s e rvation, interpre t a t i o n ,educational events and visitorfacilities, offering a very excitingfuture.DATES FORYOUR DIARYRoman Army School17th to 21st April 2010held at Durham UniversityA residential course meeting opento anyone interested in theRoman Arm y. Non-re s i d e n t i a lplaces also available. The theme is:Enemies of Rome. For furtherdetails see:www.hadrianicsociety.comG I LT GLASS TESSERAEI am currently investigating thecomposition and construction ofeleven gilt glass tesserae found atthe Roman villa at Southwick,Sussex. As far as I know, the onlyother gilt glass tesserae found in theUK are isolated examples fro mLincoln (two), London (two) andDunadd (one). These were clearlynot intended to be walked upon.Does anyone know of any similartesserae from elsewhere in Britain?If so, would they kindly let me knowhow I can obtain information aboutthem by contacting me:jeffery.leigh@sky.com

THE MISSING 90% IN ROMAN BRITA I NConference on the Romano-British Countryside12th to 14th February, 2010The subject of this event at OxfordU n i v e r s i t y ’s Rewley House was thenew light thrown on the 90% of thepopulation that did not live in villasor towns. The underlying theme wasthe opportunities provided by re c e n tadvances such as aerial mapping,LIDAR, environmental data, the newi n f o rmation from developer fundeda rchaeology and the Port a b l eAntiquities Scheme. Paradoxically thenew data raises many new questionsand does not answer knownp roblems. The key message of thec o n f e rence was that we need to writem o re selective regional histories, andthat the search for underlyingp a t t e rns may be unpro d u c t i v e .David Mattingly believes Roman rulewas as much a burden as a benefit formost non-élite residents. Soldiersmay have been frequent unwelcomevisitors accompanying the taxcollector.But the consequences ofRoman rule diff e red betweenregions. Thus the absence of villas inthe territories of the Iceni and Siluressuggests strict imperial contro lfollowing rebellions. There may havebeen imperial interests in theCotswolds judging from the numberof very large villas or estates such asTurkdean and Gatcombe. Cornwallwas probably exploited, rather thanpopulated, by the Romans for itsmineral resources, and controlled byforts such as the recent discoveries atRestormel and Calstock.J e remy Taylor suggested excavationsre i n f o rced the old theory of significantRomanisation, and that it isn e c e s s a ry to combine all kinds ofevidence. These can suggest re g i o n a ldi ff e rences; e.g. the frequency of larg eregional settlements in Nottingha m s h i re and Lincolnshire, compare dwith the Solway Plain where there areonly a few small settlements.Cathy Stoertz reviewed the potential,and problems, of aerial mappingusing the Cotswolds as an example.She identified many more sites, buti n t e r p retation from morphologyalone was risky. Thus many banjoenclosures have been found close toBarnsley Park Roman villa, but it isnot clear if and how these relate toeach other and the villa. Dorn nearMoreton-in-Marsh is shaped like afort but there is no evidence ofmilitary activity. It may be an officialcentre for tax collection.Paul Booth also stressed the diversityof settlement types in the ThamesValley, which enable a more nuancedassessment of the impact of theRomans on the existing Iron Agelandscapes. Many sites continue andsome people get rich – the Didcothoards. Other sites disappear or arereplaced; e.g. Thornhill Farm aroundAD 120 by the Roman villa at ClaydonPike. The fate of the farm workers isunknown.Mark Hinman noted that new technologyhad led to the identificationof dense development in are a spreviously considered empty, such asthe Cambridgeshire Claylands. Thus atCaldecote Highfields Iron Age banjosw e re respected by the Romans.A round Cambourne there was asettlement every half-kilometre, butno clear patterns can be identified.Yvonne Boutwood noted that nearly3,000 new sites had been recorded inthe vicinity of Hadrian’s Wall by theEnglish Heritage National AerialMapping programme using aerialphotography, which also requiredfurther study. Roger White summarisedthe Wroxeter Hinterland Survey.After dinner Barry Cunliffe remindedus of the wealth demonstrated inWessex villas achieved by Romanadvances in grain-drying and watermillingtechnology.On Sunday, Mike Fulford provided areview of Roman industry in rurala reas. Marijke Van der Veen re v i e w e dthe potential and problems ofenvironmental data. She suggested50 new foods were introduced by theRomans. The military had a predilectionfor herbs, whereas Londonerswere fond of exotic fruit and nuts. Inmost rural areas new vegetables andwild fruits were popular, but therewas no correlation between foodconsumption and type of rural site.Finally Chris Gosden bucked the tre n dby seeking – not very successfully – tofind parallels between the Bronzeand Iron Ages, the Roman era andthe nineteenth century. He left usto speculate on the re l a t i o n s h i pbetween pre-Roman trackways andnearby parallel Roman roads.Rebecca Newman.N.B.This is necessarily a short report. Forre f e rences and perhaps a fullerreport contact the author at:THE ERMINE STREET GUA R DFor those members interested in Roman military history they mightlike to know the Guard display dates for 2010.April 18thMay 1st and 2ndMay 30th and 31stJune 25th to 28thJuly 17th and 18thJuly 31st / August 1stAugust 28th to 30thBATH – Displays at the Royal CrescentFISHBOURNE ROMAN PALACEChichester, SussexWROXETER ROMAN CITY, Shropshire (EH)MARLE, FRANCE (CAV)KELMARSH HALL – Festival of Historynr Market Harborough, Northants (EH, CAV)LOGGERHEADS COUNTRY PARKMold, North WalesHOUSESTEADS ROMAN FORT,Hadrian’s Wall (EH)September 11th and 12th GLOUCESTER – (to be confirmed)September 24th to 27thAALEN, GERMANYKEY: (EH) = English Heritage Event (CAV) = Addition of two fully equipped Roman CavalrymenAny member requiring further details of the Society should contactGuard Headquarters on: 01452 862235 or by e-mail: TheESG@aol.com

ROMAN DISPLAYS AT THE GROSVENORMUSEUM, CHESTER, UPDATED WITH HELP FROMTHE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGYThe Grosvenor Museum in Chesterholds a wealth of evidence for life inthe Roman fortress of Deva in itscollections. There are archives fromsites across the city, chance finds bylocal residents and, of course, theinternationally important collectionof sculpted and inscribed stonesdiscovered in the north wall of thecity in the late nineteenth century.Two galleries in the museum arededicated to the display of thesea rtifacts – the Newstead Gallery,named after Professor RobertNewstead, the first Curator of themuseum, displaying Romanarchaeology and the Webster Gallery,named after Graham We b s t e r,another illustrious and well-lovedCurator, housing the Roman stones.Sadly, due to a lack of space, acommon complaint in mostmuseums, it is only possible for asmall proportion of the collection tobe displayed permanently, thoughthanks to the generosity of theAssociation for Roman Archaeologyand the expertise of Yo r kA rchaeological Trust conserv a t o r s ,one fascinating object, a secondcentury bronze cauldron, has beenput back on display after a long spellin the stores.The cauldron was discovered byP rofessor Newstead early in thetwentieth century at Deanery Field.Newstead was a talented NaturalHistorian and was elected a Fellow ofthe Royal Society for his work on thetsetse fly, but following hisretirement from the University ofLiverpool School of Tro p i c a lMedicine, he dedicated his sparetime to the arc h a e o l o g i c a lexcavation of sites across Chester.Deanery Field, in the north east angleof the Roman fortress, was one of hismost important and most extensivelyexcavated sites. He worked on site,often alone or with the help of onelabourer, between 1922 and 1935(Figs.1 and 2).During the excavations, two blocks ofnarrow buildings with stone wallsand massive foundations wereuncovered. These remains were stillin situ allowing Newstead toFig. 1.document their internal layout andcorrectly identify the buildings asb a rrack blocks of the Romanlegionaries.The site yielded, along with the moreFig. 2.Professor Newstead excavating a trench inDeanery Field. Photo: © Grosvenor Museum.Fig. 3.Professor Newstead and assistants excavating.Photo: © Grosvenor Museum.The cauldron as drawn by ProfessorNewstead. Drawing: © Garstang Museumof Archaeology, School of Archaeology, Classics& Egyptology, University of Liverpool.common pottery, bone and coin fin d s ,a hoard of ballista shot, pieces ofchainmail armour and numero u sfragments of military metalwork,beautifully decorated wall plasterand a gaming board and 28 counters.The cauldron was discovered byProfessor Newstead in Room 6 ofb a rrack block B (Fig. 3). It wassquashed flat and heavily corrodedwhen it was taken from the ground,but large sections of the metalmaintained their flexibility and aftercleaning it waspossible tostraighten thefolds out andrestore the vesselto its originalshape.F o rmed from asingle sheet ofp a p e r-thin bro n z e ,the cauldro nis hemispherical,bulging slightlybelow the rim,and has been repairedwith rivetsand patches 14times in antiquity,clearly showing itwas a valued pieceof equipment.T h e re are fewsurviving clues asto how thec a u l d ron wassuspended. Newsteadhimselfbelieved that itonce had a strong

metal lip around the top which mayhave held rings for suspension andcited other examples which hadrecently been found at Wotton andOxford 1 . He also noted that therew e re strong similarities withhemispherical cauldrons fro mIreland, though these were alwaysmade from several sheets of bronzeriveted together.Newstead wrote in his re p o rt :“Though our find is sadly imperfect,it seems to belong to thehemispherical class of cauldrons ofthe Late Bronze Age or Early IronAge . . . Whether or not our vessel is asurvival of the late Hallstattian or ofthe La Tene period, to which themajority of the cauldrons found inthis country seem to belong, is notquite clear, chiefly because of itsassociation with Roman materialfinds belonging to the late secondcentury. In this connection the pointto emphasise is that similardiscoveries of bronze vessels of EarlyBritish origin have been foundelsewhere in Britain in associationwith Roman objects”. 2The cauldron was sent for analysis atLiverpool University Department ofMetallurgy where they found it was89.9% copper, 9.7% Tin and 0.4%lead – practically the same compositionas modern-day gun metal.It was then taken to the GrosvenorMuseum where it was fixed onto ametal frame with wire and gaps inthe surface of the cauldron werefilled in with coloured card. It wasdisplayed in the gallery for some timebut was eventually taken fro mdisplay and replaced with new findsfrom sites around Chester.It was put away in the museum storeswhere it remained until 2008 whenan audit of the collection, coupledwith work on a new temporaryexhibition looking at the life andwork of Professor Newstead, broughtit back to light.Fig. 4.The cauldron depicted duringconservation work. Photo taken by M. Felter© York Archaeological Trust.Association for Roman ArchaeologyGraham Webster Fund, we were ableto commission York ArchaeologicalTrust conservators to remove thecorroding metal frame, wire andcoloured card, clean the cauldronand remount it on an inert Perspexframe for display. The new framedoes not include any fabric to fill ingaps in the vessel surface, so visitorsare able to see how much of thec a u l d ron remains (Fig. 5). Theconservation work took a total oftwo months, and the cauldro narrived back at the museum to go ondisplay for the first time in manyyears in ‘No Flies on Him: The multitalentedProfessor Newstead’, anexhibition part funded by the RoyalSociety as part of their Local Heroescelebrations which opened inDecember 2009 (Fig. 6).This temporary exhibition on RobertNewstead finished on 31st January2010 and there are now plans todisplay the cauldron permanently inthe museum for visitors to enjoy.The museum is currently working ona plan to redevelop the existingNewstead Gallery which displaysmany important Roman art i f a c t sexcavated by Newstead and by Dr.Graham Webster in the city ofChester. The gallery was originallyinstalled by Dr. Webster in the 1950’s,combining local finds with graphicinformation on Roman Britain andthe Roman army to create animaginative new type of display. Form o re than two generations theNewstead Gallery has continued tobring the Roman world alive forvisitors to the Grosvenor Museum.New development plans maintainthe original focus of Dr. Webster ini n t e r p reting and communicatingRoman archaeology to visitors, butare looking to improve the quality ofthe displays and interpretation byinstalling new cases and panels. Oneof our major aims is to enhance thedisplays by exhibiting art i f a c t s ,currently held in storage, which havebeen uncovered in the many yearssince the original gallery wasinstalled.This will all take time and money andadditional funding is currently beingsought to realize the whole project.In the meantime, thanks to themoney given by The Association forRoman Archaeology from theGraham Webster Fund, new artifacts,including the conserved cauldron,are being brought out of storage fordisplay, to add even more to visitor’sexperience of Roman Chester.NOTES:1. Newstead, R., Excavations at theDeanery Field, Chester, 1928 (1931),p 144.2. Newstead, R., Excavations at theDeanery Field, Chester, 1928 (1931),p 145.Elizabeth RoylesKeeper of Early HistoryGrosvenor MuseumCheshire West and Chester Council.Though the cauldron was not in topcondition – the corroding steel framehad pulled the cauldron out ofshape, and the coloured paper haddegraded, making the cauldron lookshabby – it was swiftly identified as akey object in the collections and onethe museum would aim to put backon display following the necessaryconservation work (Fig. 4).Thanks to a grant from theFig. 5.The cauldron after conservation, showingthe Perspex frame. Photo taken by M. Felter© York Archaeological Trust.Fig. 6.The Newstead cauldron on display in theGrosvenor Museum.Photo: © Grosvenor Museum.

BOOKING FORMSELF-DRIVE DAY TO THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORDSATURDAY, 8th MAY, 2010I/We would like to reserve ( . . . . . . . . . . ) place(s) for the ASHMOLEAN visit.Please find full payment of £ . . . . . . . . . . enclosed (at £18.00 per person).Name(s): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Postal Code:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Membership Number(s):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cheques should be made payable to: ‘The Association for Roman Archaeology’.All bookings (with non-refundable Full Payment of £18.00 per person) to:The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology, 75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU.to arrive NO LATER than Friday, 30th April, 2010.(FOR ACCOUNTING PURPOSES, A SEPA R ATE CHEQUE FOR EACH BOOKING FORM WOULD BE APPRECIAT E D ) .CUT ALONG DOTTED LINETHE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGYSELF-DRIVE DAY TO OXFORDSPECIAL TOUR TO VISIT THE NEW ANCIENT WORLD GALLERIES ATTHE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUMSaturday, 8th May, 201011.00 amEscorted by Dr. Susan Walker, Keeper of Antiquitiesand wife of our new Honorary President, Professor John Wilkes£18.00 per personAttendance will be limited to 50 membersMembers should gather in the Randolph (Greek and Roman Sculpture) Gallery to the left of theentrance hall, before starting the tour with Dr. Walker at 11 am.The Ashmolean Museum is the oldest public museum in Britain and has just undergone a multimillionpound re-furbishment. This self-drive day is to view the new Ancient World Galleries whichcontain the Roman antiquities, combined with other improvements to this world-famousinstitution. Members with an interest in Egyptian archaeology and art, will also enjoy seeing thefine Egyptian collection, one of the finest in Britain.PARKINGParking in Oxford is difficult on any day, and fairly costly, between £2.00 and £4.00 an hour.Consequently members wishing to attend this event are advised to get into the centre as early aspossible. Alternatively, a better option will be to use the park-and-ride scheme, disembarking atGloucester Green Bus Station, which is only a short walk from the Ashmolean.Detailed maps with parking areas and prices will be sent out with receipts to those booking thisevent.

THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGYANNUAL DINNER WEEKENDROMAN FORTS OF THE SAXONSHORE IN HAMPSHIRESaturday 19th and Sunday 20th June, 2010to be held atTHE HOLIDAY INN, PORTSMOUTHTwin share (fully inclusive) £130.00 per personSingle occupancy (fully inclusive) £150.00 per personFor those not attending the Sunday tour, please deduct £20.00 per personThe fee for the weekend covers Bed and Breakfast for the Saturday/Sunday, the AnnualDinner, drinks reception, guest speaker’s honoraria, unforeseen charges at venues, generaladministration.After dinner speaker: Dr. Andy Russel – The Roman supply base and fort at Bitterne.This particular Annual Dinner has been arranged as part of the series of tours to the Romanforts of the Saxon Shore in Britain and Northern France. On Sunday we will visit the wellpreserved fort at Portchester Castle, the fort at Bitterne and God’s House Tower Museum atSouthampton.The tour will be led by Grahame Soffe, Mike Stone and Dr. Andy Russel (Archaeology UnitManager and Ancient Monuments Officer, Southampton City Council).CUT ALONG DOTTED LINEBOOKING FORMANNUAL DINNER WEEKEND 2010SATURDAY 19th and SUNDAY 20th JUNE, 2010I/We would like to book ( . . . . . . . . . . ) place(s) for the Annual Dinner Weekend.Name(s): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Postal Code:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Membership Number(s):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please tick and indicate numbers if you require the Main Course Vegetarian option.Cheques should be made payable to: ‘The Association for Roman Archaeology’.All bookings, with full payment of £130.00 EACH (double) or £150.00 (single), to be sent to:The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology, 75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU.to arrive NO LATER than Saturday, 5th June, 2010.For those not attending the Sunday tour, please deduct £20.00 per person and tick box.